REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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44,238 | ICAM-1-independent, CD18-dependent adhesion between neutrophils and human airway epithelial cells exposed in vitro to ozone | Tosi, MF; Hamedani, A; Brosovich, J; Alpert, SE | 1,994 | Inhalant exposure to ozone can cause diffuse airway epithelial injury that is associated with an inflammatory response, including the influx of neutrophils into lung and airway tissue. We have previously documented enhanced adhesiveness by neutrophils for human airway epithelial cells in in vitro models of diseases ass... | 0 |
76,024 | Ozone, but not nitrogen dioxide, fragments elastin and increases its susceptibility to proteolysis | Winters, RS; Burnette-Vick, BA; Johnson, DA | 1,994 | #The effects of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on the solubility and proteolytic susceptibility of elastin were examined to better understand how these oxidant air pollutants might damage the lung. In vitro O3 exposures at pH 7.4 resulted in the complete solubilization of elastin, but NO2 had no effect on solubi... | 0 |
45,096 | Pulmonary hypertension: A possible risk factor in particulate toxicity | Costa, DL; Lehmann, JR; Frazier, LT; Doerfler, D; Ghio, A | 1,994 | Recent epidemiological studies report a significant relationship between exposure to ambient particles and mortality, especially among those with debilitating cardiopulmonary disease. The excess deaths occur at particle concentrations not previously thought to be of imminent hazard, and the physiochemical characteristi... | 0 |
29,911 | Foliar symptoms, ethylene biosynthesis and water use of young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) exposed to drought and ozone | Van Den Driessche, R; Langebartels, C | 1,994 | Four-year old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were pretreated at low and high water supply, and then placed into a growth chamber containing four compartments so that two levels of ozone exposure, 0.02 and 0.4 Al 1-1, could be replicated. They were exposed to ozone and drought stress for 59 days, and wate... | 0 |
76,092 | Comparison of the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and ozone on cultured human bronchial epithelial cells | Gabrielson, EW; Yu, XY; Spannhake, EW | 1,994 | In this study, we compared the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide and ozone on cultured human airway epithelial celia in primary culture. Both agents caused a dose-dependent loss in the replicative ability of epithelial cells and at higher levels of exposure caused acute cytotoxicity as measured by re... | 0 |
12,493 | A space-time analysis of ground-level ozone data | Guttorp, P; Meiring, W; Sampson, PD | 1,994 | We examine hourly ozone data collected in connection with a model evaluation study for ozone transport in the San Joaquin Valley of California. A space-time analysis of a subset of the data, 17 sites concentrated around the Sacramento area, indicates a relatively simple spatial covariance structure at night-time, while... | 0 |
3,066 | Effects of reductions in stratospheric ozone on tropospheric chemistry through changes in photolysis rates | Fuglestvedt, JS; Jonson, JE; Isaksen, ISA | 1,994 | The observed reductions in stratospheric ozone since the late 1970s are likely to have affected the penetration of UV radiation into the troposphere. We have examined the sensitivity and the response of the tropospheric chemistry to such changes in UV radiation. Based on observations of ozone column densities and model... | 0 |
44,272 | Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994 Executive summary | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,089 | Are changes in breathing pattern on exposure to ozone related to changes in pulmonary surfactant? | Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Mautz, WJ; Lai, CC; Bufalino, C; Messer, K; Mestas, J; Koch, H; Lucio, L | 1,994 | Rats respond to the inhalation of ozone with changes in breathing pattern during the exposure and the development of a pulmonary inflammatory response 24-48 h postexposure. We report experiments designed to investigate the relationships between changes in breathing pattern and the composition and surface tension-reduci... | 0 |
39,064 | Where do tunnel studies fit in for emissions inventory development? | Gertler, AW; Pierson, WR; Wittorff, DN; Robinson, NF | 1,994 | null | 0 |
52,784 | Active oxygen species in plant defense against pathogens | Mehdy, MC | 1,994 | N/A. | 0 |
45,161 | Respiratory effects of low-level photochemical air pollution in amateur cyclists | Brunekreef, B; Hoek, G; Breugelmans, O; Leentvaar, M | 1,994 | A group of male amateur cyclists was studied in the summer of 1991 in the east of the Netherlands. Lung function was measured before and after training sessions or competitive races on a number of occasions. Continuous heart rate monitors were employed to document exercise levels. Heart rate averaged 161 beats/min duri... | 1 |
75,970 | Morphometric approaches for evaluating pulmonary toxicity in mammals: implications for risk assessment | Hyde, DM; Bolender, RP; Harkema, JR; Plopper, CG | 1,994 | null | 0 |
13,237 | Photochemistry of clouds, fogs, and aerosols | Faust, BC | 1,994 | U.S. National Science Foundation; the Andrew Mellon Foundation. #This article illustrates several aqueous-phase photochemical reactions and the roles they play in atmospheric transformations: photoformation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the H2O2-mediated oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid; photoformation of... | 0 |
40,245 | Further evidence for particle nucleation in clear air adjacent to marine cumulus clouds | Perry, KD; Hobbs, PV | 1,994 | Observational evidence is presented for the nucleation of condensation nuclei (CN) in the clear air adjacent to an isolated, marine, cumulus cloud. Two separate regions of particle nucleation are identified: one located above the cloud top, and the second located downwind of the cloud near the level of the anvil outflo... | 0 |
3,522 | Biochemical and histopathological changes in nasal epithelium of rats after 3-day intermittent exposure to formaldehyde and ozone alone or in combination | Cassee, FR; Feron, VJ | 1,994 | To get a better insight into the pathophysiology of the nasal changes induced by formaldehyde-ozone mixtures, a 3-day inhalation study was carried out in rats, using intermittent exposure to formaldehyde (3.6 ppm) and ozone (0.4 ppm) alone or in combination and focusing on biochemical and histopathological changes in r... | 0 |
47,438 | On the ozone-related changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth's surface | Varotsos, C; Asimakopoulos, DN; Katsambas, A; Stratigos, J | 1,994 | SUMMARY With the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, the atmosphere became more transparent to solar ultraviolet radiation. The penetration of this radiation is also affected by tropospheric ozone, aerosol, and clouds. Increases in tropospheric ozone may have decreased the levels of the solar ultraviolet rad... | 0 |
29,460 | Comparison of measured OH concentrations with model calculations | Poppe, D; Zimmermann, J; Bauer, R; Brauers, T; Bruning, D; Callies, J; Dorn, HP; Hofzumahaus, A; Johnen, FJ; Khedim, A; Koch, H; Koppmann, R; London, H; Muller, KP; Neuroth, R; Plass-Dulmer, C; Platt, U; Rohrer, F; Roth, EP; Rudolph, J; Schmidt, U; Wallasch, M; Ehhalt, DH | 1,994 | The influence of chemical precursors and sunlight on the atmospheric OH abundance is investigated by a comparison of locally measured tropospheric OH with model calculations. The latter are based on the gas phase reaction mechanism of the regional acid deposition model (RADM2) which incorporates an explicit inorganic a... | 0 |
57,498 | Sun exposure and non-melanocytic skin cancer | Kricker, A; Armstrong, BK; English, DR | 1,994 | Non-melanocytic skin cancer has long been regarded as one of the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health. In this review, we examine epidemiologic evidence linking sun exposure and skin cancer coming from both descriptive studies in populations and analytical studies involving estimates of e... | 0 |
38,788 | Compensation as a plant response to ozone and associated stresses: An analysis of ROPIS experiments | Pell, EJ; Temple, PJ; Friend, AL; Mooney, HA; Winner, WE | 1,994 | This paper examines the role that compensation plays in determining plant response to stress. In addition to exploring the compensatory responses to individual stresses, multiple stresses that induce different compensatory strategies are considered. To do this we have utilized results of many experiments conducted by t... | 0 |
15,401 | The Canadian ozone watch and UV-B advisory programs | Kerr, JB; McElroy, CT; Tarasick, DW; Wardle, DI | 1,994 | The OZONE WATCH, initiated in Match, 1992, is a weekly bulletin describing the state of the ozone layer over Canada. The UV-B advisory program, which started in May, 1992, produces daily forecasts of clear-sky UV-B radiation. The forecast procedure uses daily ozone measurements from the eight-station monitoring network... | 0 |
77,006 | An evaluation of the mechanism of nitrous acid formation in the urban atmosphere | Calvert, JG; Yarwood, G; Dunker, AM | 1,994 | Nitrous acid (HONO) has been observed to build in the atmosphere of cities during the nighttime hours and it is suspected that photolysis of HONO may be a significant source of HO radicals early in the day. The sources of HONO are poorly understood, making it difficult to account for nighttime HONO formation in photoch... | 0 |
79,081 | Combined effects of ozone and ammonia on growth and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L cv Pros) | Tonneijck, AEG; Van Dijk, CJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
82,565 | Peak expiratory nitric oxide differences in men and women: relation to the menstrual cycle | Kharitonov, SA; Logan-Sinclair, RB; Busset, CM; Shinebourne, EA | 1,994 | <strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To develop a method to measure end expiratory nitric oxide concentration and to use it to determine whether there are sex related differences between healthy men and women.<br /><br /><strong>DESIGN: </strong>Modification of commercially available chemiluminescent analyser to allow endogenou... | 0 |
77,549 | Transient changes in the pulmonary function of welders: a cross sectional study of Monday peak expiratory flow | Donoghue, AM; Glass, WI; Herbison, GP | 1,994 | <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>The aim was to compare the peak expiratory flow (PEF) of welders and non-welders over a 12 hour period from the start of work on Monday.<br /><br /><strong>METHODS: </strong>The two study groups consisted of 20 welders and 20 non-welders, all men who had essentially never smoked, with no si... | 0 |
76,209 | Effects of ozone on the activity of erythrocyte membrane Na+-K+ ATPase | Tukel, SS; Bilgin, R; Gul, S | 1,994 | Ozone (5 mumol.min-1) inhibited the human erythrocyte membrane Na(+)-K+ ATPase (EC.3.6.1.39) activity in a time dependent manner. Inhibition was more pronounced for the first 5 min of ozone exposure in the directly ozone exposed membranes than in the membranes prepared from ozone exposed erythrocytes. However, Na(+)-K+... | 0 |
48,149 | Experimental investigations of nocturnal low-level jets with some remarks on flight safety | Jacobi, C; Becker, C; Kratzsch, T; Siemer, A; Roth, R | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,957 | Evaluation of biomolecular damage by ozone | Cross, CE; Halliwell, B | 1,994 | null | 0 |
46,919 | Photochemical oxidant processes in the presence of dust: an evaluation of the impact of dust on particulate nitrate and ozone formation | Yang, Z; Young, SW; Kotamarthi, V; Carmichael, GR | 1,994 | ABSTRACT The influence of dust on the tropospheric photochemical oxidant cycle is studied through the use of a detailed coupled aerosol and gas-phase chemistry model. Dust is a significant component of the troposphere throughout Asia and provides a surface for a variety of heterogeneous reactions. Dust is found t... | 0 |
16,155 | Ecological risk assessment | Rodier, DJ; Zeeman, MG | 1,994 | In this chapter, the basic principles of ecological risk assessment will be discussed as well as the context within which these assessments are used. Ecological risk assessment can be thought of as a logical process which estimates the likelihood that undesirable ecological effects may occur or are occurring as a resul... | 0 |
30,127 | Ozone, sulfur dioxide and ultraviolet B have similar effects on mRNA accumulation of fantioxidant genes in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L | Willekens, H; Van Camp, M; Van Montagu, M; Inze, D; Langebartels, C; Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,994 | We have studied the expression of antioxidant genes in response to near ambient conditions of O3, SO2, and ultraviolet 3 (UV-B) in Nicotiana plumba.ginifolia L The genes analyzed encode four different superoxide dismutases (SODs), three catalases (Cat1, Cat2, and Cat3), the cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cyt APx), and... | 0 |
630,283 | Possible implications of global climate change on global lightning distributions and frequencies | Price, C; Rind, D | 1,994 | The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) is used to study the possible implications of past and future climate change on global lightning frequencies. Two climate change experiments were conducted: one for a 2 ? CO2 climate (representing a 4.2?C global warming) and one for a 2% dec... | 1 |
625,173 | Activated peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes in child asthma: correlation with eosinophilia and disease severity | Gemou-Engesaeth, V; Kay, AB; Bush, A; Corrigan, CJ | 1,994 | There now exists compelling evidence of a role for cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of adult asthma, but little information is available as to what extent this process participates in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. We hypothesised that asthma in children is associated with the activation of T-lymphocyt... | 0 |
40,399 | Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality in Athens: a time-series analysis | Touloumi, G; Pocock, SJ; Katsouyanni, K; Trichopoulos, D | 1,994 | Greek State Scholarship Foundation; Greek Minsitry of Health, Welfare and Social Security, Division of Environmental Health.Background. Athens has a serious air pollution problem which became evident in the early 1970s. Studies for the years 1975-1982 have indicated a positive association of sulphur dioxide (SO2) with ... | 0 |
665 | Associations between daily mortality, ozone, and particulate air pollution in Toronto, Canada | Ozkaynak, H; Xue, J; Severance, P; Burnett, R; Raizenne, M | 1,994 | Recent time-series studies have reported associations between daily mortality and various measurements of airborne particulates, including TSP, PM10 and coefficient of haze (COH). However, only a few studies (Kinney & Ozkaynak, Envion. Res 54: 99-120, 1991 and Kinney & Ozkaynak, Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 145;A95, 1992) have... | 0 |
75,958 | Quantifying aldehydes and distinguishing aldehydic product profiles from autoxidation and ozonation of unsaturated fatty acids | Cueto, R; Squadrito, GL; Pryor, WA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
45,154 | Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory symptom reporting in children | Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW; Neas, LM; Wypij, D; Ware, JH; Spengler, JD; Koutrakis, P; Speizer, FE; Ferris, BG, Jr | 1,994 | A daily diary of respiratory symptoms was collected from the parents of 1,844 school children in six U.S. cities to study the association between ambient air pollution exposures and respiratory illness. A cohort of approximately 300 elementary school children in each of six communities were asked to keep a daily log of... | 0 |
52,961 | Growth and physiology of northern red oak: preliminary comparisons of mature tree and seedling responses to ozone | Edwards, GS; Wullschleger, SD; Kelly, JM | 1,994 | Considerable progress has been made during the past decade in the development of mechanistic models that allow complex chemical, physical, and biological processes to be evaluated in the global change context. However, quantitative predictions of the response of individual trees, stands, and forest ecosystems to pollut... | 0 |
40,867 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part V: Effects on pulmonary function | Harkema, JR; Mauderly, JL | 1,994 | The impact of a 20-month exposure to ozone on the pulmonary function of rats was assessed from a single series of measurements made after exposures were completed. Four to ten male and female F344/N rats per group were exposed six hours per day, five days per week, for 20 months to ozone at 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 parts per ... | 0 |
75,954 | Autohaemotherapy after treatment of blood with ozone A reappraisal | Bocci, V | 1,994 | null | 0 |
90,378 | Measurements of C2-C6 hydrocarbons during the Polar Sunrise 1992 Experiment: evidence for Cl atom and Br atom chemistry | Jobson, BT; Niki, H; Yokouchi, Y; Bottenheim, J; Hopper, F; Leaitch, R | 1,994 | Grab samples for nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were collected from three sites: daily at Alert, Northwest territories (82.5 degrees N, 62.3 degrees W) from January 21 to April 19, daily at an ice flow 150 km north of Alert from April 9 to 25, and on an aerial survey conducted in April over the Arctic archipelago. In ... | 0 |
76,072 | Host susceptibility to indoor air pollution | Brooks, SM | 1,994 | null | 0 |
30,275 | The impact of UV-B radiation and ozone on terrestrial vegetation | Runeckles, VC; Krupa, SV | 1,994 | #Although terrestrial vegetation has been exposed to UV- B radiation and ozone over the course of evolutionary history, it is essential to view the effects on vegetation of changing levels of these factors in the context of other features of climate change, such as increasing CO2 levels and changes in temperature and p... | 0 |
38,691 | Continuous monitoring of gaseous formaldehyde using an improved fluorescence approach | Kelly, TJ; Fortune, CR | 1,994 | A continuous monitor for gaseous formaldehyde (HCHO) has been developed which avoids key limitations of previous monitors. The Hantzsch reaction, the cydlization of a B-diketone, an amine, and formaldehyde, is used to produce a fluorescent derivative from HCHO. Use of 254 nm light for excitation provides fluorescence s... | 0 |
26,515 | Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv Turbo) grown in open-top chambers to ozone and water stress | Fangmeier, A; Brockerhoff, U; Gruters, U; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Turbo was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. The plants were grown either in charcoal filtered air (CF), not filtered air (NF), in charcoal filtered air with proportional addition of ambient ozone (CF), or in charcoal filtered air ... | 0 |
42,565 | Global physical climatology | Hartmann, DL | 1,994 | null | 0 |
48,198 | Role of deep cloud convection in the ozone budget of the troposphere | Lelieveld, J; Crutzen, PJ | 1,994 | Convective updrafts in thunderstorms prolong the lifetime of ozone (O3) and its anthropogenic precursor NOx [nitric oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] by carrying these gases rapidly upward from the boundary layer into a regime where the O3 production efficiency is higher, chemical destruction is slower, and surface ... | 0 |
44,265 | Oxidant and acid aerosol exposure in healthy subjects and subjects with asthma Part II: effects of sequential sulfuric acid and ozone exposures on the pulmonary function of healthy subjects and subjects with asthma | Utell, MJ; Frampton, MW; Morrow, PE; Cox, C; Levy, PC; Speers, DM; Gibb, FR | 1,994 | These studies were undertaken to evaluate pulmonary responses of humans sequentially exposed to acidic aerosols and ozone at levels that could reasonably be encountered in actual environmental exposures. Subjects first were exposed to sulfuric acid (H2SO4) aerosol to sensitize the airways to ozone. The exposure protoco... | 0 |
92,067 | Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the annual nutrient load of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada) | Jassby, AD; Reuter, JE; Axler, RP; Goldman, CR; Hackley, SH | 1,994 | Atmospheric deposition provides most of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and total nitrogen in the annual nutrient load of Lake Tahoe. Deposition also contributes significant amounts of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and total phosphorus loading but plays less of a role than in the case of nitrogen. Most of th... | 0 |
735,955 | The effect of ozone on the mean relative growth-rate of Diuraphis-noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera, Aphididae) | Summers, CG; Retzlaff, WA; Stephenson, S | 1,994 | The mean relative growth rate (MRGR) of Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), exposed for 72 h to mean daily (12 h) ozone levels of 0.034, 0.049 and 0.102 mul per liter increased approximately 33, 37 and 42% respectively over that of aphids maintained in an ''ozone free'' (0.011 mul per liter) environment. ... | 1 |
40,181 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies Part VII: Effects on the nasal mucociliary apparatus | Harkema, JR; Morgan, KT; Gross, EA; Catalano, PJ; Griffith, WC | 1,994 | INTRO.The NTP/HEI Collaborative Ozone Project was a four-year project with many investigators that was organized to evaluate the effects of prolonged ozone exposure on lung injury in animals. The ozone exposures were conducted by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) at Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. The indi... | 1 |
35,074 | The atmospheric degradation and impact of perchloroethylene | Franklin, J | 1,994 | The present paper reviews the existing literature on the atmospheric degradation and impact of perchloroethylene (PER). Topics covered are: assessment of the relative importance of primary reactions of PER with OH, Cl, O(3) and other reactive species; other tropospheric sinks for PER; estimated tropospheric lifetime, o... | 0 |
38,765 | External review draft of revised air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants: notice of availability of external review draft | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
22,070 | Effectiveness of portable indoor air cleaners: Sensory testing results | Shaughnessy, RJ; Levetin, E; Blocker, J; Sublette, KL | 1,994 | The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of individual commercially available portable indoor air cleaning units in removing dust particulates, tobacco smoke particulate and vapor phase constituents (nicotine and vinylpyridine), viable and total fungal spores, pollen, and gaseous contaminants (carbon m... | 0 |
626,466 | Floral volatiles in insect biology | Dobson, HEM | 1,994 | null | 1 |
38,689 | Products of the gas-phase reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons: effect of NO2 concentration | Atkinson, R; Aschmann, SM | 1,994 | The atmospheric chemistry of the 2- to 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which exist mainly in the gas phase in the atmosphere, is discussed. The dominant loss process for the gas-phase PAH is by reaction with the hydroxyl radical, resulting in calculated lifetimes in the atmosphere of generally less than ... | 0 |
42,832 | Ozone-induced inflammatory response in pulmonary cells | Koren, HS; Devlin, RB; Becker, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
26,699 | Ozone and carbon dioxide effects on spider mites in white clover and peanut | Heagle, AS; Brandenburg, RL; Burns, JC; Miller, JE | 1,994 | Effects of O3 and/or elevated CO2 on two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae Koch) grown on an O3-sensitive and an O3-resistant clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured in greenhouse and field experiments. Peanut (Arachis hypo gene L.) 'NC-9' was used in one greenhouse study with O3. In field stu... | 1 |
30,095 | Ultraviolet-B radiation and ozone effects on growth, yield, and photosynthesis of soybean | Miller, JE; Booker, FL; Fiscus, EL; Heagle, AS; Pursley, WA; Vozzo, SF; Heck, WW | 1,994 | The projected increase in solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation due to depletion of stratospheric ozone (O3) has caused concern regarding possible UV-B damage to crops. At the same time, tropospheric O3 is projected to remain at concentrations that are known to damage crops. Since these two stressors may co-occur, exper... | 0 |
47,733 | Evidence of a long-term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing | Marenco, A; Gouget, H; Nedelec, P; Pages, JP; Karcher, F | 1,994 | The rate at which ozone is increasing in the troposhere is uncertain due to the lack of accurate long-term measurements. Old ozone measurements obtained at the Pic du Midi Observatory (3000 m high, southwestern France) were recently rediscovered. Four sets of data available at this station are presented herein: (1) 187... | 1 |
11,143 | Toxicology and carcinogenesis: Studies of ozone (CAS No 10028-15-6) and ozone/NNK (CAS No 10028-15-6/64091-91-4) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice | null | 1,994 | null | 1 |
679,394 | Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate suppresses estradiol and ovulation in cycling rats | Davis, BJ; Maronpot, RR; Heindel, JJ | 1,994 | Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a known reproductive toxicant and a carcinogen in rodent animal models. DEHP may also be a reproductive toxicant in women. Its action in female animal models is undetermined, although its potential to target the ovary has recently been shown. We have identified the ovarian toxicity... | 0 |
44,045 | Ozone in residential air: concentrations, I/O ratios, indoor chemistry, and exposures | Zhang, J; Lioy, PJ | 1,994 | Ozone concentrations were measured in indoor and outdoor residential air during the summer of 1992. Six homes located in a New Jersey suburban area were chosen for analysis, and each home was monitored for 6 days under different ventilation and indoor combustion conditions. The 5-hour average ozone concentration outdoo... | 0 |
50,367 | Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by residents of three Canadian cities using a probabilistic version of NEM | Johnson, T; Capel, J; McCoy, M; Warnasch, J | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,120 | Ozone dosimetry studies in the nose and eye using oxygen-18 | Hatch, GE; Harkema, JR; Plopper, CG; Harris, L | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,687 | Airshed model evaluation of reactivity adjustment factors calculated with the maximum incremental reactivity scale for transitional-low emission vehicles | Mcnair, LA; Russell, AG; Odman, MT; Croes, BE; Kao, L | 1,994 | The California Air Resources Board recently adopted regulations for light-and medium-duty vehicles that require reductions in the ozone-forming potential or reactivity, rather than the mass, of nonmethane organic gas (NMOG) emissions. The regulations allow sale of all alternatively fueled vehicles (AFVs) that meet NMOG... | 0 |
81,644 | Ultraviolet radiation: an authoritative scientific review of environmental and health effects of UV, with reference to global ozone layer depletion | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
26,455 | Carbon dioxide interactions with irradiance and temperature in potatoes | Cao, W; Tibbitts, TW; Wheeler, RM | 1,994 | Separate controlled environment studies were conducted to determine the interaction of CO2 with irradiance and interaction of CO2 with temperature on growth of three potato cultivars. In the first study, an elevated CO2 concentration of 1000 Amol mol-1 and an ambient CO2 of 350 Amol mol-1 were maintained at the photosy... | 0 |
1,783 | User's guide to the regional human exposure (REHEX) model | Lurmann, FW; Korc, ME | 1,994 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1st/2nd PARAGRAPHS OF INTRO: The assessment of human exposure to air pollutants is an important area of investigation for risk assessors, epidemiologists, and regulatory policy makers. Environmental assessments of personal exposure and general population exposure are primarily con... | 0 |
44,258 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part II: Mechanical properties, responses to bronchoactive stimuli, and eicosanoid release in isolated large and small airways | Szarek, JL | 1,994 | null | 0 |
42,656 | A white clover system to estimate effects of tropospheric ozone on plants | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Sherrill, DE | 1,994 | ABSTRACT An ozone-sensitive (NC-S and an ozone-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were tested to determine the feasibility of using them to indicate concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) and potential effects of O3 on plants. Plants of each clone were exposed daily in open-top field chambe... | 1 |
187,217 | Ozone-induced changes in primary carbon metabolism enzymes of loblolly pine needles | Dizengremel, P; Sasek, T; Brown, K; Richardson, C | 1,994 | Current ambient ozone concentrations in the southeastern U.S.A. have the potential to affect carbon fixation rates and growth of forest tree species. In this study, loblolly pine saplings were exposed to ozone fumigation in open-top chambers during four growing seasons in the Piedmont of North Carolina, U.S.A. to study... | 1 |
37,970 | Study of the kinetics and equilibrium of the benzyl-radical association reaction with molecular oxygen | Fenter, FF; Noziere, B; Caralp, F; Lesclaux, R | 1,994 | The forward rate constant, k(1) and the equilibrium constant, K-p, for the association reaction of the benzyl radical with oxygen have been determined. The rate constant k(1) was measured as a function of temperature (between 298 and 398 K) and pressure (at 20 and 760 torr of N-2 by two different technique, argon-lamp ... | 0 |
30,116 | Integrating the effects of simultaneous multiple stresses on plants using the simulation model TREGRO | Weinstein, DA; Yanai, RD | 1,994 | TREGRO, a model of tree physiological response to environmental stress, was developed to examine the details of tree response to the Interaction between ozone stress and nutrient deficiency. TREGRO was used to test the hypothesis that the nutrient deficiency ivould exacerbate growth reductions caused by ozone. When TRE... | 0 |
21,910 | Repeated subacute ozone exposure of inbred mice: airway inflammation and ventilation | Paquette, NC; Tankersley, CG; Zhang, LY; Kleeberger, SR | 1,994 | The present study was designed to assess the effects of repeated subacute ozone (O3) exposure on pulmonary inflammation and ventilation in two inbred strains of mice differentially susceptible to a single O3 exposure. Susceptible C57BL/6J / (B6) and resistant C3H/HeJ (C3) mice were exposed to 0.3 ppm O3 for 48 and 7... | 0 |
46,634 | Concentration variations in rain and canopy throughfall collected sequentially during individual rain events | Hansen, K; Draaijers, GPJ; Ivens, WPMF; Gundersen, P; van Leeuwen, NFM | 1,994 | Canopy throughfall was collected sequentially during individual rain events in a Norway spruce stand at Klosterhede in Denmark (1989) and a Douglas-fir stand at Speuld in the Netherlands (1993). Simultaneously, precipitation was sampled sequentially. Each fraction was analyzed for pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4/+, Cl-, N... | 0 |
76,988 | Effect of gasoline olefin composition on predicted ozone in 2005/2010--Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program | Schleyer, CH; Koehl, WJ; Leppard, WR; Dunker, AM; Yarwood, G; Cohen, JP; Pollack, AK | 1,994 | null | 0 |
1,672,185 | PM10, ozone, and hospital admissions for the elderly in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota | Schwartz, J | 1,994 | Several recent studies have reported associations between airborne particles and/or ozone and hospital admissions for respiratory disease. PM10 has rarely been used as the particle exposure measure, however. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, which has dail... | 0 |
37,993 | Detailed rate coefficients and the enthalpy change of the equilibrium reaction OH+C6H6<-M->HOC6H6 over the temperature range 345-385 K | Lin, SC; Kuo, TC; Lee, YP | 1,994 | null | 0 |
77,108 | Factors affecting plant response to ozone: an overview | Heck, WW; Heagle, JE; Miller, JE | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,329 | National air quality and emissions trends report, 1993 | null | 1,994 | The primary emphasis of this report is on those pollutants for which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The analyses in this report focus on comparisons with the primary standards in effect in 1993, examines changes in air pollution levels over... | 0 |
77,545 | Incidence of respiratory symptoms and chronic disease in a non-smoking population as a function of long-term cumulative exposure to ambient air pollutants (Adventist health study of smog follow-up study): final report, volume 1 | Abbey, DE | 1,994 | null | 0 |
55,369 | Trends in surface ozone concentrations at Arosa (Switzerland) | Staehelin, J; Thudium, J; Buehler, R; Volz-Thomas, A; Graber, W | 1,994 | During the years 1989-1991, ozone was measured at four sites around Arosa (Switzerland). One of these sites was identical with that, where surface ozone was measured in the 1950s (Gotz and Volt, 1951; Perl, 1965). Comparison of both old and recent data indicates that surface ozone concentrations at Arosa have increased... | 1 |
53,017 | Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate and the environment | Ahrens, CD | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,881 | Ambient ozone and crop loss: establishing a cause-effect relationship | Krupa, SV; Nosal, M; Legge, AH | 1,994 | null | 0 |
55,186 | Reply to "Kricker, A; Armstrong, B K; McMichael, A J (1994) Skin cancer and ultraviolet Nature (London, UK) 368: 594" | Madronich, S; De Gruijl, F | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,040 | The nature and origins of acid summer haze air pollution in metropolitan Toronto, Ontario | Thurston, GD; Gorczynski, JE, Jr; Currie, JH; He, D; Ito, K; Hipfner, J; Waldman, J; Lioy, PJ; Lippmann, M | 1,994 | During July and August of 1986, 1987, and 1988, a field study was conducted of ambient acidic aerosol levels in Toronto, Ontario. Fine particle mass (d(a) < 2.5 mu m) samples were collected twice daily at a central-city site for the determination of particulate-phase strong acidity (H+) and sulfate (SO4=). Two addit... | 0 |
44,201 | The effects of ozone exposure on lactate dehydrogenase release from human and primate respiratory epithelial cells | Dumler, K; Hanley, QS; Baker, C; Luchtel, DL; Altman, LC; Koenig, JQ | 1,994 | Ozone is the most persistent, wide-spread air pollutant in the United States. Over one half of the population of the US lives in cities or suburban areas which do not meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone which is 0.12 ppm averaged over 1 h. Controlled laboratory exposures of human subjects have;show... | 0 |
26,493 | Induction of pathogen defence genes in parsley (Petroselinum crispum L) plants by ozone | Eckey-Kaltenbach, H; Grosskopf, E; Sandermann, H, Jr; Ernst, D | 1,994 | Parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) is known to respond to pathogen attack by the synthesis of furanocoumarins and to UV-irradiation by the synthesis of flavone glycosides, whereas ozone treatment results in the induction of both pathways. Ozone treatment (200 nl 1(-1),10 h) of parsley seedlings results in an increased m... | 0 |
43,706 | Messenger RNA levels of lung extracellular matrix proteins during ozone exposure | Choi, AMK; Elbon, CL; Bruce, SA; Bassett, DJP | 1,994 | Continuous exposure of rats to ozone has been shown to result in lung epithelial damage, inflammation, and subsequent increases in collagen content. The main goal of this study was to identify the earliest time point rat lungs continuously exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone for 14 days. An early increase of steady-state fibronec... | 0 |
43,760 | Effects of air pollution on giant sequoia ecosystems | Miller, PR; Grulke, NE; Stolte, KW | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,199 | Lactate dehydrogenase activity and isozyme patterns in tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rats treated with monocrotaline pyrrole | Schultze, AE; Gunaga, KP; Wagner, JG; Hoorn, CM; Moorehead, WR; Roth, RA | 1,994 | Monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), a putative, toxic metabolite of monocrotaline, induces delayed and progressive lung injury, vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension in rats. The lung injury is characterized by increased wet lung-to-body weight ratio followed by increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and... | 0 |
47,956 | The role of stratospheric ozone in modulating the solar radiative forcing of climate | Haigh, JD | 1,994 | SUMMARY MANY recent studies have reported an apparent correlation between solar activity and the Earth's climate on the timescale of the 11-year solar cycle1-4 and over longer periods5-10, but to date no physical mechanism has been proposed that can satisfactorily explain the observations. In general, it has been assu... | 0 |
75,985 | Enhanced production of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-"alpha", and fibronectin by rat lung phagocytes following inhalation of a pulmonary irritant | Pendino, KJ; Shuler, RL; Laskin, JD; Laskin, DL | 1,994 | #Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and fibronectin are macrophage-derived mediators thought to be important in the pathogenesis of lung injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. In the present studies, we examined the effects of acute exposure of rats to the pulmonary irritant, ozone (O3), on pro... | 0 |
76,571 | Atmospheric ozone exposure-potential for vegetation: how suitable are critical levels? | Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,117 | Nitrogen oxides, plant metabolism, and forest ecosystem response | Garner, JHB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,921 | Respiratory hospital admissions and summertime haze air pollution in Toronto, Ontario: consideration of the role of acid aerosols | Thurston, GD; Ito, K; Hayes, CG; Bates, DV; Lippmann, M | 1,994 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #A study of air pollution and daily hospital admissions for respiratory causes was conducted in Toronto, Ontario. Fine aerosol (da< 2.5 Am) samples were collected daily at a central city site during July and August 1986, 1987, an... | 0 |
76,198 | Risk assessment of oxidant gases and particulate air pollutants: uncertainties and research needs | Samet, JM; Pepelko, WE; Sonawane, B; Hatch, GE; Driscoll, KE; Oberdorster, G | 1,994 | The assessment of risks to human health associated with exposure to oxidant air pollutants has not received adequate attention despite the recognized public health threat posed by the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in the environment. In this article, research needs and uncertainties at each of the steps in the... | 0 |
76,108 | Oxygen-derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress | Halliwell, B; Cross, CE | 1,994 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM JOURNAL ARTICLE FREE RADICAL OXYGEN RADICAL REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES SUPEROXIDE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OZONE NITROGEN PEROXIDE CIGARETTE SMOKE LUNG INJURY | 0 |
76,156 | Ozone, NO, and NO2: oxidant air pollutants and more | Last, JA; Sun, WM; Witschi, H | 1,994 | This article reviews the acute and chronic toxicity of the three oxidant air pollutants ozone, nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The toxicity of binary mixtures of NO2 with other inhaled agents is also discussed. Newer studies are emphasized, especially those published in the last 5 years or still in press... | 0 |
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