REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47,597 | Atmospheric chemistry of unsaturated carbonyls: butenedial, 4-Oxo-2-Pentenal, 3-Hexene-2,5-Dione, Maleic Anhydride, 3H-Furan-2-one, and 5-Methyl-3H-Furan-2-one | Bierbach, A; Barnes, I; Becker, KH; Wiesen, E | 1,994 | SUMMARY As part of a study on the oxidation mechanisms of aromatics some aspects of the atmospheric chemistry of several possible products, unsaturated 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds and two furanones, have been investigated in a 1080-L reaction chamber by 296 ? 2 K in 1000 mbar synthetic air. Rate coefficients for the ... | 0 |
38,665 | Acute effects of ambient ozone on respiratory function of Swiss schoolchildren after a 10-minute heavy exercise | Braun-Fahrlander, Ch; Kunzli, N; Domenighetti, G; Carell, CF; Ackermann-Liebrich, U | 1,994 | This study was conducted in Switzerland between May and October 1989 to assess possible decrements in lung function occurring as a result of 10 minute exposure to ambient air containing different ozone concentrations. Once a month, 128 children in two different areas of Southern Switzerland (Chiasso and Aurigeno) had a... | 1 |
769,055 | Does atmospheric hydrogen peroxide contribute to damage to forest trees? | Polle, A; Junkermann, W | 1,994 | H2O2 has two faces in plants: it is toxic at low concentrations in the chloroplasts, and it is a necessary cosubstrate for the production of biopolymers in the apoplastic compartment. Plants have evolved an antioxidant system that enables them to cope with high intrinsic production rates of H2O2. Measurements of H2O2 i... | 0 |
21,718 | Indoor chemistry involving O3, NO, and NO2 as evidenced by 14 months of measurements at a site in southern California | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC; Naik, DV | 1,994 | #For more than 1 year, indoor and outdoor O-3, NO, NO-2* (NO-x - NO), temperature, and relative humidity as well as the air exchange rate have been measured continuously at a commercial building in Burbank, CA. The indoor concentration of a given pollutant is a function of its outdoor level, the air exchange rate, the ... | 0 |
39,034 | Use of several plant species as indicators of ambient ozone: exposure-response relationships | Tonneijck, AEG | 1,994 | null | 0 |
30,124 | Interactions between insects and air pollutants | Whittaker, JB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,692 | Improved nonenzymatic method for the determination of gas-phase peroxides | Lee, JH; Tang, IN; Weinstein-Lloyd, JB; Halper, EB | 1,994 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. We report an improved method for sampling and real-time determination of gaseous hydrogen peroxide, hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HMHP), and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) in the atmosphere. The analytical method is based on the hydroxylation of benzoic acid by Fenton reagent (Fe(II) and H2O2) ... | 0 |
21,668 | Indoor air chemistry: formation of organic acids and aldehydes | Zhang, J; Wilson, WE; Lioy, PJ | 1,994 | #The formation of aldehydes and organic acids was examined for the gas- phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated VOCs. Formaldehyde and formic acid were produced via the reaction of ozone with each of the three selected unsaturated VOCs: styrene, limonene, and 4-vinylcyclohexene. In addition, benzaldehyde was detected... | 0 |
28,716 | Characteristics of aldehydes: Concentrations, sources, and exposures for indoor and outdoor residential microenvironments | Zhang, J; He, Q; Lioy, PJ | 1,994 | #Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements of aldehydes were made at 6 residential houses located in a suburban New Jersey area during the summer of 1992. Each house was measured for six days and controlled for ventilation and gas combustion conditions during the study. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and seven other al... | 0 |
28,758 | Modeling ozone deposition onto indoor residential surfaces | Reiss, R; Ryan, PB; Koutrakis, P | 1,994 | Modeling the deposition of pollutants onto surfaces requires the inclusion of two separate components: (1) the transport of the pollutant to the surface and (2) the subsequent uptake of the pollutant onto the surface. The relationship of these two components to the deposition velocity can be written in the form of two ... | 0 |
78,523 | Mechanisms of neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-independent endothelial cell injury | Varani, J; Ward, PA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
47,452 | Indirect global warming effects of ozone and stratospheric water vapor induced by surface methane emission | Wuebbles, DJ; Grossman, AS; Tamaresis, JS; Patten, KO, Jr; Jain, A; Grant, KA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,347 | Role of genotype in the response of loblolly pine to tropospheric ozone: Effects at the whole-tree, stand, and regional level | Taylor, GE, Jr | 1,994 | The interaction between tropospheric ozone (O-3) and genotype in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is explored, focusing on the consequences of different genotypes in a range of basic and applied issues. General conclusions for loblolly pine are: (i) a genetic component underlying phenotypic variation in ozone response is... | 0 |
83,992 | Ozone and carbon monoxide measurements at a remote maritime location, Mace Head, Ireland, from 1990 to 1992 | Derwent, RG; Simmonds, PG; Collins, WJ | 1,994 | Despite the importance of carbon monoxide in controlling the oxidising capacity of the troposphere and as a precursor to ground level ozone in regional scale photochemical episodes, few measurements are available for northwest Europe. Hourly carbon monoxide and ozone measurements are reported here for the Mace Head sit... | 0 |
46,564 | An automated classification scheme designed to better elucidate the dependence of ozone on meteorology | Eder, BK; Davis, JM; Bloomfield, P | 1,994 | This paper utilizes a two-stage (average linkage then convergent k means) clustering aroach as part of an automated meteorological classification scheme designed to better elucidate the dependence of ozone on meteorology. When applied to 10 years (1981-90) of meteorological data for Birmingham, Alabama, the classificat... | 0 |
39,302 | Exacerbations of childhood asthma and ozone pollution in Atlanta | White, MC; Etzel, RA; Wilcox, WD; Lloyd, C | 1,994 | Asthma prevalence and mortality due to asthma have been increasing during the last decade, and both the rates and the increases in rates have been higher for blacks than whites and higher for children than adults. Whether environmental factors such as air pollution contribute to these increases is unknown. The purpose ... | 0 |
75,992 | Effect of ozonation products on phospholipase A2 hydrolytic activity: use of bis(1-hydroxyheptyl)peroxide as a precursor of the ozonation product 1-hydroxy-1-hydroperoxyheptane | Salgo, MG; Squadrito, GL; Pryor, WA | 1,994 | Bis(1-hydroxyheptyl)peroxide (BisC7) upon spontaneous hydrolysis affords the difficult-to-isolate ozonation product 1-hydroxy-1-hydroperoxyheptane along with heptanal. PLA2 hydrolytic activity is enhanced when the BisC7 hydrolysis products are incorporated in the membrane of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocho... | 0 |
44,875 | Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and low-level air pollution in Helsinki, 1987-1989 | Ponka, A; Virtanen, M | 1,994 | #The effects of low levels of air pollution and weather conditions on the number of patients admitted to hospitals for exacerbation of chronic bronchitis or emphysema (n = 2807) was studied in Helsinki during a 3-year period, 1987-1989. The daily number of admissions via the emergency room was significantly associated ... | 0 |
55,566 | Environmental and developmental controls over the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission from aspen leaves | Monson, RK; Harley, PC; Litvak, ME; Wildermuth, M; Guenther, AB; Zimmerman, PR; Fall, R | 1,994 | Isoprene emission from plants represents one of the principal biospheric controls over the oxidative capacity of the continental troposphere. In the study reported here, the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission, and its underlying determinants, were studied for aspen trees growing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, T... | 0 |
86,174 | Inhaled particles and respiratory disease | Salvaggio, JE | 1,994 | This brief discussion of inhaled particles, their manner of deposition and clearance, and their association with many human disease has been designed to remind us of the importance of particulate agents as sensitizers, via their allergen content, as causative agents of lung inflammation via their immunotoxic properties... | 0 |
44,151 | Effects of ozone exposure on airway responsiveness to inhaled allergens in subjects with allergic asthma or rhinitis | Jorres, R; Nowak, D; Magnussen, H | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,977 | Polarized release of lipid mediators derived from phospholipase A2 activity in a human bronchial cell line | Madden, MC; Smith, JP; Dailey, LA; Friedman, M | 1,994 | null | 0 |
78,488 | Oxidants, antioxidants, and respiratory tract lining fluides | Cross, CE; van der Vliet, A; O'Neill, CA; Louie, S; Halliwell, B | 1,994 | null | 0 |
79,678 | Effects of ethylenediurea on snap bean at a range of ozone concentrations | Miller, JE; Pursley, WA; Heagle, AS | 1,994 | Ethylenediurea (EDU) {N-[2-(2-Oxo-1-imidazolidinyl)ethyl]-N'- phenylurea} often protects plants from visible foliar injury due to the air pollutant O3, and it has been used to demonstrate yield losses from 03 under field conditions. A few studies, however, have indicated that EDU can suppress plant growth and yield. Be... | 0 |
76,231 | Thermoregulatory considerations affecting both acute and prolonged exposures to ozone in rodents | Watkinson, WP; Wiester, MJ; Highfill, JW; Aileru, AA; Campen, MJ; Tepper, JS; Costa, DL | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,711 | Dose-dependent tolerance to ozone: I. Tracheobronchial epithelial reorganization in rats after 20 months' exposure | Plopper, CG; Chu, FP; Haselton, CJ; Peake, J; Wu, J; Pinkerton, KE | 1,994 | Two salient features of the pulmonary response to reactive oxidant air pollutants such as ozone are the heterogeneity of response by site within the respiratory tract and the development of tolerance to injury with repeated exposure. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the development of tolerance to lon... | 1 |
42,676 | A chamber system for exposing rice (Oryza sativa L) to ozone in a paddy field | Kobayashi, K; Okada, M; Nouchi, I | 1,994 | A field exposure chamber system was constructed in a paddy field. The system consisted of four ozone generators, five exposure chambers equipped with ventilation fans on both ends, and an ozone measurement and control system. Rice plants were exposed to ozone in the exposure chambers for the whole growing season. The o... | 0 |
16,152 | Detection ? Analytical | Purser, CA; Hume, AS | 1,994 | The key to attaining higher sensitivities in environmental analytical measurements for industry lies not only in new or enhanced detection technologies, but also in more emphasis on sample preparation, matrix clean-up techniques, and preconcentration techniques. This chapter describes some of the methods used by the En... | 0 |
42,918 | Product formation from the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals and O3 with a series of monoterpenes | Hakola, H; Arey, J; Aschmann, SM; Atkinson, R | 1,994 | The formation yields of nine carbonyl products are reported from the gas-phase OH radical-initiated reactions (in the presence of NO(x)) and the O3 reactions with seven monoterpenes. The products were identified using GC/MS and GC-FTIR and quantified by GC-FID analyses of samples collected on Tenax solid adsorbent cart... | 0 |
28,791 | Indoor air quality and textiles: an emerging issue | Smith, B; Bristow, V | 1,994 | Summary. TOP effects of IAQ has been identified as an emerging issue for the textile industry. Considerable work is being done to determine the type and severity of problems (if any) and to find alternatives. Development of information, specifications, test methods, low emitting materials and even "infinite sinks" from... | 0 |
52,814 | Biochemical and molecular basis for impairment of photosynthetic potential | Pell, EJ; Eckardt, NA; Glick, RE | 1,994 | ABSTRACT Ozone induces reductions in net photosynthesis in a large number of plant species. A primary mechanism by which photosynthesis is reduced is through impact on carbon dioxide fixation. Ozone induces loss in Rubisco activity associated with loss in concentration of the protein. Evidence is presented that ozone ... | 0 |
52,825 | Possible mechanisms for the inhibition of photosynthesis by ozone | Heath, RL | 1,994 | Tropospheric ozone produced by industrial civilization is widespread. Although the levels are not clearly life threatening, they do have the potential to inhibit normal plant productivity, thought to be by an inhibition of photosynthesis. While the mechanism for this inhibition is not yet clear, there are several hypot... | 0 |
76,222 | Interactions of oxygen radicals with airway epithelium | Wright, DT; Cohn, LA; Li, H; Fischer, B; Li, CM; Adler, KB | 1,994 | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes. Epithelial cells lining the respiratory airways are uniquely vulnerable regarding potential for oxidative damage due to their potential for exposure to both endogenous (e.g., mitochondrial respiration, phagocytic respi... | 0 |
41,845 | Foliar injury air pollution surveys of eastern white-pine (Pinus strobus L) - a review | Bennett, JP; Anderson, RL; Mielke, ML; Ebersole, JJ | 1,994 | A thorough review and critical evaluation of field surveys from 1900 to the present of foliar injury to Pinus strobus L. supposedly caused by air pollution was undertaken. Ninety percent of the surveys failed to meet current scientific standards of acceptability. The conduct and peer review of surveys has been poor and... | 0 |
76,107 | Fading of colorants by atmospheric pollutants: mass spectrometry studies | Grosjean, D; Sensharma, DK; Cass, GR | 1,994 | Chemical ionization mass spectra have been recorded for a number of artists' colorants that fade rapidly when exposed to atmospheric levels of ozone and other photochemical air pollutants. These colorants include the natural colorant curcumin, several indigos and a number of alizarin derivatives. Also included are isat... | 0 |
30,849 | Evaluation of filter-based aerosol measurements during the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study | Chow, JC; Fujita, EM; Watson, JG; Lu, Z; Lawson, DR; Ashbaugh, LL | 1,994 | California Air Resources Board. #The Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) was conducted during the summer and fall of 1987 to assess the causes of elevated ozone and suspended particulate matter concentrations in California's South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Extensive gaseous (i.e. nitric acid, ammonia, sulfur d... | 0 |
76,154 | Pulmonary and hepatic effects of inhaled ozone in rats | Laskin, DL; Pendino, KJ; Punjabi, CJ; del Valle, MR; Laskin, JD | 1,994 | Nitric oxide is a highly reactive molecule that has been implicated in host defense and in tissue injury. In the present studies we analyzed the effects of brief exposure of rats to inhaled ozone on production of this mediator by lung macrophages and type II epithelial cells. We found that ozone exposure (1-2 ppm, 3 hr... | 1 |
76,207 | Adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in conscious hyperresponsive and sensitized guinea pigs | Thorne, JR; Broadley, KJ | 1,994 | Inhaled adenosine induces bronchoconstriction in asthmatic and allergic subjects but not in nonasthmatics. This study examined the responses of conscious guinea pigs in which antigen sensitization is induced by ovalbumin pretreatment and airway hyperresponsiveness to carbachol is induced by exposure to ozone and platel... | 0 |
45,773 | Elevation of strss-inducible heat shock protein 70 in the rat lung after exposure to ozone and particle-containing atmosphere | Wong, CG; Bonakdar, M; Kleinman, MT; Chow, J; Bhalla, DK | 1,994 | Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are elicited as part of a ubiquitous cellular defense mechanism following exposure to a variety of environmental assaults. Ozone (O-3) is a commonly encountered toxic air pollutant that is known to produce a variety of effects in the lung. However, the effects of O-3 exposure on lung HSP expr... | 0 |
54,034 | A review of the photochemical redox reactions of iron(III) species in atmospheric, oceanic, and surface waters: influences on geochemical cycles and oxidant formation | Faust, BC | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,956 | Effects of acute ozone exposure on the electrophysiological properties of guinea pig trachea | Croxton, TL; Takahashi, M; Kokia, I | 1,994 | Acute ozone (O3) exposures produce an increase in the apparent permeability of the tracheal epithelium, but the mechanism of this response is poorly understood. Comparison of previous studies suggests that qualitative differences may exist between measurements made in vivo or in vitro. To test this possibility we used ... | 0 |
77,550 | Development of an active personal ozone sampler using a hollow tube diffusion denuder | Geyh, AS; Wolfson, JM; Koutrakis, P; Mulik, JD | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,196 | Concomitant exposure to carbon black particulates enhances ozone-induced lung inflammation and suppression of alveolar macrophage phagocytosis | Jakab, GJ; Hemenway, DR | 1,994 | The goal of this study was to investigate whether coexposures to carbon black and O3 result in a toxicologic interaction in the lungs as quantitated by the inflammatory response and alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytosis. This aim was accomplished through inhalation coexposures of Swiss mice for 4 h to target concentrat... | 0 |
94,342 | The relative implications of ozone formation both in the stratosphere and the troposphere | Wellburn, AR; Paul, ND; Mehlhorn, H | 1,994 | Although ozone (O3) occurs in both the troposphere and the stratosphere, mechanisms of O3 formation and removal in both regions of the atmosphere are very different. Moreover, the presence of O3 in the two layers has very different implications for the biosphere, especially vegetation. This introductory paper gives an ... | 0 |
28,877 | Ozone increases amino- and carboxy-terminal atrial natriuretic factor prohormone peptides in lung, heart, and circulation | Vesely, DL; Giordano, AT; Raska-Emery, P; Montgomery, MR | 1,994 | Ozone can cause pulmonary edema and simultaneously decrease blood pressure. Atrial natriuretic peptides may mediate both of these effects in that they increase pulmonary capillary permeability resulting in edema formation and are potent vasodilating peptides. To examine this possibility, the lungs of Fischer 344 rats w... | 1 |
26,322 | Plant responses to the gaseous environment Molecular, metabolic and physiological aspects | null | 1,994 | N/A. | 0 |
41,873 | Conceptual and theoretical aspects of human exposure and dose assessment | Georgopoulos, PG; Lioy, PJ | 1,994 | A formal, conceptual and mathematical framework for refining the characterization of human exposure and dose, resulting from contact with a toxicant, is introduced. The conceptual approach to the exposure characterization process leads to a mathematical description necessary for formalizing this process. Twelve steps a... | 0 |
38,739 | A study of interferences in ozone UV and chemiluminescence monitors | Hudgens, EE; Kleindienst, TE; McElroy, FF; Ollison, WM | 1,994 | null | 0 |
86,132 | Air quality and respiratory functioning in children with pulmonary disorders | Jones, G; Brantley, P; Herbert, R; Kidd J III; Shadravan, I; McClure, J; Thomason, B | 1,994 | Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. | 0 |
92,513 | Fading of colorants by atmospheric pollutants: reflectance spectroscopy studies | Grosjean, D; Grosjean, E; Williams EL, II | 1,994 | Artists' colorants coated on cellulose paper have been exposed, in the dark and at ambient temperature and humidity, to purified air (control test) and to purified air containing parts per billion levels of the following air pollutants: formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) a... | 0 |
75,980 | Modeles animaux d'hyperreactivite bronchique [Animal models of bronchial hyperresponsiveness] | Martin, JG | 1,994 | Airway responsiveness is increased in a variety of airway diseases. To understand the mechanism of enhanced airway responsiveness, in particular as it pertains to asthma, animal models have been developed and extensively explored The guinea pig and Basenji-greyhound dog are the best characterized animals showing airway... | 0 |
12,652 | Mechanism of occupational asthma due to western red cedar (Thuja plicata) | Chan-Yeung, M | 1,994 | Occupational asthma due to Western red cedar is the most common form of occupational asthma in the Pacific Northwest and affects 4-13.5% of the exposed population. It has been shown to be caused by plicatic acid, a low molecular weight compound present uniquely in the wood. The mechanism of asthma induced by plicatic a... | 0 |
83,853 | Personal NO2 exposure monitoring shows high exposure among ice-skating schoolchildren | Berglund, M; Braback, L; Bylin, G; Jonson, JO; Vahter, M | 1,994 | A method for measuring personal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure, using passive samplers, was tested among schoolchildren. Activity patterns and NO2 exposure levels were studied in relation to urban and rural living. Stationary air monitoring data indicated that the urban children were supposed to be exposed to NO2 leve... | 0 |
44,072 | The evaluation of acid deposition models using principal component spaces | Cohn, RD; Dennis, RL | 1,994 | An analytical technique involving principal component analysis is proposed for use in the evaluation of acid deposition models. Relationships among model predictions are compared to those among measured data, rather than the more common one-to-one comparison of predictions to measurements. A multidimensional comparis... | 0 |
75,981 | The toxicity of air pollution in experimental animals and humans: the role of oxidative stress | Menzel, DB | 1,994 | Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) occur throughout the world as the primary pollutants of urban air. NO2 and O3 oxidize cell membrane lipids and proteins. Inflammatory agents are elaborated from the lung either as a direct result of oxidation or as a consequence of leukocytes recruited into the lung by injury. My h... | 0 |
21,420 | Ozone-induced inflammation and altered ventilation in genetically susceptible mice: A comparison of acute and subacute exposures | Tankersley, CG; Kleeberger, SR | 1,994 | We have examined whether the effects of acute (2 ppm/3 h) and subacute (0.3 ppm/72 h) ozone (O3) exposures on airways are mutually predictive. Inbred C57BL/6J (susceptible) and C3H/HeJ (resistant) mice are differentially responsive to inflammation induced by the 2 exposures. Breeding experiments and cosegregation analy... | 1 |
46,626 | PM10 and ozone control strategy to improve visibility in the Los Angeles Basin | Farber, RJ; Welsing, PR; Rozzi, C | 1,994 | The greater Los Angeles metropolitan area is in violation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ambient standards for both ozone and PM10. Accompanying these violations are hazy summer conditions, with current annual median visibility in the inland portions of Los Angeles running about 13 km. and... | 0 |
75,824 | Health risk perspectives on fuel oxygenates | null | 1,994 | Everyone in the United States is exposed to pollutants from motor vehicles at some time. To reach full understanding of the health risks of these pollutants, substantial data would need to be evaluated on the range of exposures to and health effects of whole combustion and evaporative emissions of traditional fuels and... | 0 |
30,119 | Air pollution and climate change: The biological impact | Wellburn, A | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,260 | [Fax to Dr George Thurston, New York University Medical Center, regarding paper addition] | Weisel, C | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,986 | Combined influence of quartz dust, ozone and NO2 on chemotactic mobility, release of chemotactic factors and other cytokines by macrophages in vitro | Polzer, G; Lind, I; Mosbach, M; Schmidt, A; Seidel, A | 1,994 | In this study the single as well as combined effects of quartz, ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on some immunofunctions of bovine alveolar macrophages (BAM) were investigated. After incubation with 10 micrograms/ml of particles the chemotactic response of BAM is increased nonspecifically, whereas after incubation with... | 0 |
44,226 | Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and loss of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptor function | Schultheis, AH; Bassett, DJP; Fryer, AD | 1,994 | null | 0 |
26,468 | Modeling responses of Ponderosa pine to interacting stresses of ozone and drought | Chen, CW; Tsai, WT; Gomez, LE | 1,994 | Plant-Growth-Stress Model (PGSM) is a physiologically based process model that integrates the effects of ozone, acid deposition, elevated carbon dioxide, temperature, drought, and nutrient deficiency. The model uses an hourly time step for photosynthesis and a daily time step for all other plant and soil processes. It ... | 0 |
47,951 | Polar volatile organic compounds (VOC) of natural origin as precursors of ozone | Ciccioli, P; Cecinato, A; Brancaleoni, E; Brachetti, A; Frattoni, M | 1,994 | HRGC-MS determinations carried out on samples collected in urban, suburban, rural, forest and remote areas suggest that several other classes of non-methane VOC than isoprene and monoterpene hydrocarbons can be emitted by plants. Because of their high photochemical reactivity, they can contribute to tropospheric ozon... | 0 |
44,219 | Determinants of inhaled ozone absorption in isolated rat lungs | Postlethwait, EM; Langford, SD; Bidani, A | 1,994 | Using an isolated rat lung model, we investigated the characteristics of pulmonary O3 absorption, including the contributory role of chemical reaction vs physical solubility. Due to the physicochemical similarities between O3 and NO2, we utilized investigational strategies analogous to those previously employed to char... | 1 |
47,718 | Layer enhancements of tropospheric ozone in regions of biomass burning | Kirchhoff, VWJH; Marinho, EVA | 1,994 | Several field expeditions were organized in recent years to study modifications introduced into the lower atmosphere of the Amazon region, as a result of anthropogenic influence. In a simplified way, the legal Brazilian Amazon is formed by the rainforest ecosystem in the North and west, and the savanna (cerrado) in the... | 0 |
41,314 | The relationship between delivered ozone dose and functional responses in humans | Gerrity, TR; Mcdonnell, WF; House, DE | 1,994 | The relationship between delivered ozone dose and variability of pulmonary function response to ozone was investigated in 20 young, healthy, nonsmoking male volunteers. The subjects were exposed to 0.4 ppm ozone for 1 hr during which time they walked on a treadmill at a speed and inclination sufficient to induce a minu... | 1 |
55,546 | Use of passive monitors to assess plant bioindicators for ground-level ozone | Williams, TPW | 1,994 | A passive monitor for ground-level ozone was developed based on the ozonolysis of indigo dye. Monitor response demonstrates a linear relationship with cumulative ozone exposure. This relationship is true for a wide range of ozone concentrations under both laboratory and field conditions. The method is relatively free f... | 0 |
39,059 | Air pollution and forest ecosystems: a regional to global perspective | Taylor, GE, Jr; Johnson, DW; Andersen, CP | 1,994 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Department of Agriculture. #Changes in the atmospheric concentrations of a number of air pollutants over the last century are hallmarks of the magnitude and extent of human impact on the environment. Some of these changes ar... | 0 |
76,570 | Contingent valuation and social choice | McFadden, D | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,892 | Temporal association between hospital admissions for asthma in Birmingham and ambient levels of sulphur dioxide and smoke | Walters, S; Griffiths, RK; Ayres, JG | 1,994 | BACKGROUND--A study was performed to determine whether daily and weekly variations in the levels of smoke and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in Birmingham are related to hospital admissions for asthma and acute respiratory diseases. METHODS--Daily numbers of hospital admissions for asthma (ICD code 493) and acute respiratory co... | 0 |
44,893 | Nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness induced by inhalation exposure to sulfuric acid aerosol: an in vitro assessment | El-Fawal, HAN; Schlesinger, RB | 1,994 | Air pollution may be a factor in the recent increase in severity and prevalence of asthma, but the specific chemical components within the ambient pollutant mix which may be responsible have not been delineated. Acid sulfate aerosols, such as sulfuric acid, have been associated with exacerbation of symptoms in asthmati... | 0 |
78,487 | Relationships between polymorphonuclear neutrophils and cytokines in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome | Chollet-Martin, S; Montravers, P; Gibert, C; Elbim, C; Desmonts, JM; Fagon, JY; Gougerot-Pocidalo, MA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,211 | Effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on drinking and eating behaviors in mice | Umezu, T; Suzuki, AK; Miura, T; Koizumi, A | 1,994 | null | 0 |
78,525 | Neutrophil-derived oxidants and proteinases as immunomodulatory mediators in inflammation | Witko-Sarsat, V; Descamps-Latscha, B | 1,994 | Neutrophils generate potent microbicidal molecules via the oxygen-dependent pathway, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and via the non-oxygen dependent pathway, consisting in the release of serine proteinases and metalloproteinases stored in granules. Over the past years, the concept has... | 0 |
44,244 | Ozone can increase the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the synthesis of cytokines by human nasal epithelial cells | Beck, N; Koenig, JQ; Luchtel, DL; Altman, LC; Orsborn, MT; Kenney, JS | 1,994 | Ozone is a highly toxic and ubiquitous air pollutant that induces epithelial cell injury and airway inflammation. This study examined the effects of sublethal, near ambient ozone concentrations on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, CD54) and the synthesis of certain cytokines by human nasal ep... | 0 |
80,006 | California residential indoor air quality study Volume 2 Carbon monoxide and air exchange rate: An univariate and multivariate analysis | Colome, SD; Wilson, AL; Tian, Y | 1,994 | This second volume provides a systematic evaluation of the data set focusing on the relationships of the recorded parameters with the following four outcome measures: indoor 48-hour average CO; net 48-hour average indoor minus outdoor CO; air exchange rates; and maximum 8-hour average indoor CO. Over 350 variables were... | 0 |
78,524 | Assessment of the risk of chronic lung injury attributable to long-term ozone exposure | Winkler, RL; Wallsten, TS; Whitfield, RG; Richmond, HM; Hayes, SR | 1,994 | This paper presents an application that illustrates the use of formal methods for the encoding of experts' probabilistic judgments in the context of a risk assessment. Such a risk assessment can, of course, provide valuable information to those responsible for important policy decisions. The work described here is part... | 0 |
28,909 | Airway epithelial cell changes in rats exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 20 months | Ito, T; Ikemi, Y; Ohmori, K; Kitamura, H; Kanisawa, M | 1,994 | The present study was designed to characterize and quantify morphologic changes occurring in rat intra-pulmonary airway epithelia after long-term exposure to a high ambient level of ozone. Fifteen rats were exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 20 months (5 hr/day, 7 days/week) and a control group of 15 rats were exposed to fi... | 0 |
77,422 | Free radical aspects of the ozone influence on blood | Gonet, B | 1,994 | Ozone is one of the most potent toxic agents. The noxious effects of its influence on Living organisms appear mainly in the lungs and blood. A considerable role in its action is ascribed to free radicals. In this study the ESR method was applied to indirectly demonstrate the free radical effects, as well as the signifi... | 0 |
57,293 | Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of ozone with unsaturated aliphatic alcohols | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D | 1,994 | null | 0 |
24,049 | Atmospheric deposition of nutrients and pollutants in North America: An ecological perspective | Lovett, GM | 1,994 | Research on air pollution and acidic deposition during the last 15 yr has greatly increased our knowledge of the rates and the processes of atmospheric deposition. The invigoration of the field has been a direct result of interchange and cooperation among ecosystem ecologists, micrometeorologists, and plant physiologic... | 0 |
52,462 | Effects of biogenic emission uncertainties on regional photochemical modeling of control strategies | Roselle, SJ | 1,994 | #The sensitivity of regional ozone (O3) modeling to uncertainties in biogenic emission estimates has been studied with the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Regional Oxidant Model (RaM). Photochemical oxidants in the northeastern United States were simulated for the period 2-17 July 1988, one of the most ... | 0 |
42,254 | Time course study for antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity and the effect of soluble IL-5 receptor | Yamaguchi, S; Nagai, H; Tanaka, H; Tsujimoto, M; Tsuruoka, N | 1,994 | To study the role of IL-5 in allergic airway hyperreactivity, the time course for the production of cytokines, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the onset of airway hyperreactivity after three inhalations of antigens were studied in mice. The effect of the soluble "alpha"-chain of murine recombinant interleuki... | 0 |
37,998 | A kinetic and mechanistic study of the self-reaction and reaction with HO2 of the benzylperoxy radical | Noziere, B; Lesclaux, R; Hurley, MD; Dearth, MA; Wallington, TJ | 1,994 | The kinetics and mechanism of the reactions C6H5CH2O2 + C6HsCH2O2 --> 2C6H5CH20 + O2 (3a), C6- CH2O2 + C6H5CH2O2 --> C6H5CHO + C6CH2OH + O2 (3b), and C6H5CH2O2 + HO2 --> C6CH5OOH + O2 (4) have been investigated using two complementary techniques: flash photolysis/UV absorption for kinetic measurements and continuous ph... | 0 |
44,250 | Guinea pig lung inflammatory cell changes following acute ozone exposure | Schultheis, AH; Bassett, DJP | 1,994 | The time course of inflammatory cell infiltration into guinea pig lungs following a single 4 h exposure to 2 ppm O3 was established by measuring the changing cell populations recovered by both bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and collagenase tissue digestion. Analysis of BAL-recovered albumin was used as an indicator of pe... | 0 |
44,224 | Environmental pollution and human health | Schlatter, C | 1,994 | Contacts of humans with chemicals from the environment occur via air, water or food. In the past most attention was paid to the contamination of water. Well developed and stringent legislation exists in most countries, although health impairments never occurred from environmental chemicals in drinking water. Xenobiotic... | 0 |
80,767 | Time-activity patterns and diurnal variation of respiratory status in a panel of asthmatics: implications for short-term air pollution effects | Shamoo, DA; Linn, WS; Peng, RC; Solomon, JC; Webb, TL; Hackney, JD; Gong, H, Jr | 1,994 | To understand the short-term health risks to people from air pollution exposure, we investigated time-activity patterns and temporal variation of the respiratory status in 49 asthmatic Los Angeles area residents 18-50 years old. During the summer (May-September) and winter (November-March), subjects measured their lung... | 0 |
38,936 | The characterization of ozone exposures in rural West Virginia and Virginia | Lefohn, AS; Edwards, PJ; Adams, MB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,683 | Growth-responses of 53 open-pollinated loblolly-pine families to ozone and acid-rain | Mclaughlin, SB; Layton, PA; Adams, MB; Edwards, NT; Hanson, PJ; O'Neill, EG; Roy, WK | 1,994 | Field exposures of 9950 containerized 12-wk-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings representing 53 commercially important, open-pollinated families were conducted to evaluate individual and interactive effects of acid rain and O3 on growth response. A 36-plot field research facility comprised of 33 open-top chamb... | 0 |
44,152 | Lung function response of healthy women after sequential exposures to NO2 and O3 | Hazucha, MJ; Folinsbee, LJ; Seal, E; Bromberg, PA | 1,994 | Since NO2 emissions bear a precursor-product relation with ambient ozone (O3) levels, the sequence of peak ambient concentrations is first nitrogen dioxide (NO2) followed later in the day by ozone (O3). We ascertained whether preliminary exposure to 0.6 parts per million (ppm) NO2 would affect the lung function respons... | 0 |
43,194 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Detroit, Michigan | Schwartz, J | 1,994 | John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.#Several studies in recent years have suggested that exposure to airborne particles and to ozone are associated with increases in respiratory hospital admissions. Few of those studies have used inhalable particles as their measure of exposure, and the studies did not always... | 0 |
75,984 | Hydrogen peroxide effects on rat mast cell function | Peden, DB; Dailey, L; Degraff, W; Mitchell, JB; Lee, JG; Kaliner, MA; Hohman, RJ | 1,994 | Oxidant exposure of the airway mucosa may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Mast cells play an important role in asthma, and oxidant exposure has been reported to cause direct mast cell degranulation as well as augment immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated responses in vivo. H2O2... | 0 |
105,893 | The development and application of a simplified ozone modeling system (SOMS) | Venkatram, A; Karamchandani, P; Pai, P; Goldstein, R | 1,994 | This paper describes the development and evaluation of a computationally efficient semi-empirical photochemical model that can be used as a screening tool to obtain quick estimates of the effect of a large number of VOC and NOx emission control strategies on ozone concentrations. Selected control strategies can subsequ... | 0 |
28,843 | Evaluation of the Harvard ozone passive sampler on human subjects indoors | Liu L-JS; Olson MP III; Allen, GA; Koutrakis, P; McDonnell, WF; Gerrity, TR | 1,994 | null | 0 |
21,640 | Acute respiratory effects of summer smog in primary school children | Cuijpers, CEJ; Swaen, GMH; Wesseling, G; Wouters, EFM | 1,994 | In 535 primary school children we studied the effects of exposure to summer smog on respiratory health. Baseline measurements were performed during low air pollution levels (max. 24-h concentrations of SO2, O3 and NO2 were 55, 49 and 58 "mu"g/m3 respectively) consisting of lung function measurements using spirometry an... | 0 |
38,953 | Ozone dose and effect in humans and rats: A comparison using oxygen-18 labeling and bronchoalveolar lavage | Hatch, GE; Slade, R; Harris, LP; Mcdonnell, WF; Devlin, RB; Koren, HS; Costa, DL; Mckee, J | 1,994 | In an effort to improve risk assessments for ozone (O3) we compared the incorporation of inhaled oxygen-18-labeled O3 (18O3) into the lungs of humans and laboratory rats. Cells and fluids obtainable through bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were examined after exposure to 18O3 to determine whether excess 18O concentrations ... | 1 |
92,781 | Recent developments in the chemistry and biology of peroxyacetyl nitrate | Kleindienst, TE | 1,994 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), a ubiquitous compound in ambient air, is formed as a secondary product in photochemical reactions of hydrocarbons in the atmosphere. Although PAN has a relatively short lifetime at room temperature (ca. 0.7 h), its thermal dissociation is highly dependent on the temperature as well as the NO... | 0 |
733,716 | Molecular and cellular processing of lung surfactant | Rooney, SA; Young, SL; Mendelson, CR | 1,994 | Pulmonary surfactant, a complex material that lines the alveolar surface of the lung, is synthesized in the type II pneumocyte. Surfactant consists largely of phospholipids, of which phosphatidylcholine is by far the most abundant component, and is mainly responsible for surface activity. Surfactant also contains four ... | 0 |
44,189 | Respiratory responses to repeated prolonged exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone | Folinsbee, LJ; Horstman, DH; Kehrl, HR; Harder, S; Abdul-Salaam, S; Ives, PJ | 1,994 | Repeated exposure to high concentrations of ozone results first in augmentation (typically on the second day) and then attenuation of pulmonary response in humans. To determine the effects of repeated prolonged low-concentration ozone exposure, we exposed 17 healthy nonsmoking male subjects to 0.12 m ozone for 6.6 h on... | 1 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.