REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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52,824 | Alterations of plant metabolism by ozone exposure | Heath, RL | 1,994 | The air pollutant, ozone, is spread over the face of the globe and its level is increasing with industrial activity. We have had some success in limiting its further increase in specific regions, but its concentration continues to rise in other urban settings especially in developing countries. Ozone exposure of plants... | 0 |
75,974 | Pulmonary protein synthesis response to ozone | Kelly, FJ; Birch, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,960 | Ozone-induced lung toxicity: mediated by ozonides? | De Vries, J; Hempenius, RA; Rietjens, IMCM | 1,994 | In an in vitro study a comparison was made between the cytotoxicities of a model ozonide, methyl linoleate-9,10-ozonide (MLO), and a model peroxidative agent, cumene hydroperoxide (CumOOH), by measuring the effects of both compounds on the phagocytosing capacity of rat alveolar macrophages. Toxicity as well as detoxica... | 0 |
40,374 | The critical level for ozone to protect agricutural crops - an assessment of data from European open-top chamber experiments | Fuhrer, J | 1,994 | For gaseous pollutants such as ozone, the critical levels concept allows to relate atmospheric concentrations to effects predicted to occur when sensitive receptors are exposed. The critical level for ozone is defined as the level above which adverse effects may occur. By comparing measured levels with the critical lev... | 0 |
92,501 | Fluxes of nitrous oxide and methane from nitrogen-amended soils in a Colorado alpine ecosystem | Neff, JS; Bowman, WD; Holland, EA; Fisk, MC; Schmidt, SK | 1,994 | In order to determine the effect of increased nitrogen inputs on fluxed of N2O and CH4 from alpine soils, we measured fluxes of these gases from fertilized and unfertilized soils in wet and dry alpine meadows. In the dry meadow, the addition of nitrogen resulted in a 22-foId increase in N2O emissions, while in the wet ... | 0 |
29,000 | Agricultural exposure to ozone and acid precipitation | Westenbarger, DA; Frisvold, GB | 1,994 | #The incompatibility of environmental and socioeconomic data has limited direct empirical analysis of the impacts of air pollution on farm-level productivity. The kriging procedure was used to create state- and county-level indexes for ozone, NO3 and SO4 for the northeastern United States for 1980 and 1990. This paper ... | 0 |
44,867 | Association between air pollution and mortality due to respiratory diseases in children in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a preliminary report | Saldiva, PHN; Lichtenfels, AJFC; Paiva, PSO; Barone, IA; Martins, MA; Massad, E; Pereira, JCR; Xavier, VP; Singer, JM; Bohm, GM | 1,994 | FAPESP; CNP; LIM-HCFMUSP. #This work presents the results of a time series study relating air pollution and respiratory mortality in children under 5 years of age in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Daily records of mortality (excluding neonatal mortality) for the period May 1990 to April 1991 were collected... | 0 |
78,490 | Effect of an ozone-generating air-purifying device on reducing concentrations of formaldehyde in air | Esswein, EJ; Boeniger, MF | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,951 | EDU pretreatment decreases polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration into rat lung airways | Bassett, DJP; Elbon, CL; Ishii, Y; Yang, H; Otterbein, L; Boswell, GA; Kerr, JS | 1,994 | Pretreatment with the heterocyclic compound EDU (N-[2-(2-oxo-1-imidazolindinyl)ethyl]-N'-phenylurea) has previously been shown to reduce polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration into the airways of ozone-exposed rats. The present study further examined the effects of 1 and 2 days EDU pretreatment on rat lung infl... | 0 |
75,961 | Air pollution in the 1990s--cause of increased respiratory disease? | Devalia, JL; Rusznak, C; Davies, RJ | 1,994 | null | 0 |
91,631 | The mercury cycle and fish in the Adirondack lakes | Driscoll, CT; Yan, C; Schofield, CL; Munson, R; Holsapple, J | 1,994 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM RESEARCH ARTICLE PERCA-FLAVESCENS METHYLMERCURY MUSCLE TISSUE USA | 0 |
76,062 | Stratospheric ozone and health | Armstrong, BK | 1,994 | null | 0 |
78,982 | Mechanistic insights aid the search for CFC substitutes: Risk assessment of HCFC-123 as an example | Jarabek, AM; Fisher, JW; Rubenstein, R; Lipscomb, JC; Williams, RJ; Vinegar, A; Mcdougal, JN | 1,994 | An international consensus on the need to reduce the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting gases such as the halons led to the adoptions of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and Title VI of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, "Protecting Stratospheric Ozone." These agreements included major provisions for... | 0 |
43,174 | Effects of prolonged, repeated exposure to ozone, sulfuric acid, and their combination in healthy and asthmatic volunteers | Linn, WS; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Peng, RC; Avol, EL; Hackney, JD | 1,994 | Electric Power Research Institute. #To evaluate effects of "acid summer haze" on individuals who exercise extensively outdoors, we exposed 45 adult volunteers (15 normal or atopic, 30 asthmatic) in a chamber to a mixture of 0.12 ppm ozone (03) and approximately 100 Ag/m3 of respirable sulfuric acid aerosol (H2S04). On ... | 0 |
76,015 | Increase in atrial natriuretic factor in the lungs, heart, and circulatory system owing to ozone | Vesely, DL; Giordano, AT; Raska-Emery, P; Montgomery, MR | 1,994 | Ozone can cause pulmonary edema and simultaneously decrease blood pressure. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) may mediate both of these effects in that it increases pulmonary capillary permeability resulting in edema formation and vasodilates the vascular system. The present investigation was designed to test directly th... | 1 |
76,224 | Modulation of bronchial epithelial cell barrier function by in vitro ozone exposure | Yu, XY; Takahashi, N; Croxton, TL; Spannhak | 1,994 | null | 0 |
21,242 | Effects of air pollution on the upper respiratory tract of children | Koltai, PJ | 1,994 | The impact of the environment on the upper respiratory tract of children has become an issue of recent interest. Sulfur dioxide causes nasal congestion in children as well as an increase in both mast cells and lymphocytes in nasal lavage fluids. Chlorpheniramine blocks the effect of sulfur dioxide on the nasal mucosa. ... | 0 |
47,629 | Episodes of high ozone concentrations at the earth's surface resulting from transport down from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere: a review and case studies | Davies, TD; Schuepbach, E | 1,994 | When compared with photochemically induced ozone episodes produced in situ near the Earth's surface, relatively little attention has been paid to those surface episodes (including mountain sites) which have their origin in transport down from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. Although these episodes may be rela... | 0 |
187,223 | Ozone air pollution increases petroleum spray oil phytotoxicity | Retzlaff, W; Barnett, W; Williams, L; Dejong, T | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,868 | Science Advisory Board Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee review of a draft revised air quality criteria for ozone and related photochemical oxidants | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
75,978 | Experimentelle Schadstoffeffekte bei Gesunden und Asthmatikern [Experimental effects of air pollutants in healthy and asthmatic subjects] | Magnussen, H; Nowak, D; Jorres, R | 1,994 | We investigated the acute airway response to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone in healthy and asthmatic subjects. A) 12 subjects with mild bronchial asthma and 8 healthy subjects were studied to determine the effects of shortterm exposure to NO2 on lung function, bronchoalveolar lavage cells and mediators, and bronchial... | 0 |
78,361 | An improved model for estimating emissions of volatile organic compounds from forests in the eastern United States | Geron, CD; Guenther, AB; Pierce, TE | 1,994 | Regional estimates of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are important inputs for models of atmospheric chemistry and carbon budgets. Since forests are the primary emitters of BVOCs, it is important to develop reliable estimates of their areal coverage and BVOC emission rate. A new system is developed ... | 0 |
52,513 | The nonmethane hydrocarbon intercomparison experiment (NOMHICE): tasks 1 and 2 | Apel, EC; Calvert, JG; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,994 | The NOMHICE program has been designed to evaluate current methods being used to determine the ambient levels of various atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons, to identify existing problems in these analyses, to correct these problems, and to help ensure quality control of hydrocarbon analyses made by atmospheric scientis... | 0 |
25,253 | Sunlight, vitamin D, and ovarian cancer mortality rates in US women | Lefkowitz, ES; Garland, CF | 1,994 | Background. In general, ovarian cancer incidence and mortality is higher in northern than southern latitudes. This ecologic study tests the hypothesis that vitamin D produced in the skin from sunlight exposure may be associated with a protective action in ovarian cancer mortality. Methods. The association between ave... | 0 |
27,310 | Effect of ozone on the biochemistry and aphid infestation of Scots pine | Kainulainen, P; Holopainen, JK; Hyttinen, H; Oksanen, J | 1,994 | One-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were exposed to 0.1 and 0.15 ppm O3 for four weeks, and to 0.3 ppm O3 for six days in three separate experiments. Plants did not exhibit any visible injuries or differences in growth parameters. Ozone did not affect the numbers of nymphs produced by grey pine aphi... | 0 |
12,520 | Temporal trends in surface irradiance at ultraviolet wavelengths | Justus, CG; Murphey, BB | 1,994 | U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. To clarify recent, conflicting results about temporal trends in surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance, a study was undertaken of UVB (280-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm) at Atlanta, Georgia, from 1980-1984. Results indicate that, while Robertson-B... | 0 |
48,306 | Detecting and tracking changes in ozone air quality | Rao, ST; Zurbenko, IG | 1,994 | It is well known that meteorology plays a significant role in establishing conditions conducive to the formation and buildup of high ozone concentrations. Analysis of ozone air quality trends in the northeastern United States is hampered by the lack of a long-term quality-assured database, as well as by the variability... | 0 |
36,435 | Modulation by prostaglandins of activity of sleep-related neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic areas in rats | Koyama, Y; Hayaishi, O | 1,994 | Using head-restrained unanesthetized rats, we examined the effects of ionophoretically applied prostaglandin (PG) D(2) and PGE(2) on the activity of neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic areas that were classified according to the activity change across sleep-wakefulness cycles. About 24% (84/345) of the neuron... | 0 |
75,971 | Ozone effects on mechanics and arachidonic acid metabolite concentrations in isolated rat lungs | Joad, JP; Mcdonald, RJ; Giri, SN; Bric, JM | 1,994 | null | 0 |
25,441 | A hierarchy of potential health effects from air pollution exposure | Pengelly, LD; Silverman, FS; Taylor, SM | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,196 | Traffic control, ozone generation, and meeting EPA standards | Robinson, JW | 1,994 | null | 0 |
69,204 | Viral respiratory infection causes airway hyperresponsiveness and decreases histamine N-methyltransferase activity in guinea pigs | Nakazawa, H; Sekizawa, K; Morikawa, M; Yamauchi, K; Satoh, M; Maeyama, K; Watanabe, T; Sasaki, H | 1,994 | We investigated the effects of viral respiratory infection by Sendai virus on bronchial responses to aerosolized histamine in anesthetized guinea pigs and on the activity of histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT). We measured the change in total pulmonary resistance induced by histamine in the presence or absence of a spe... | 0 |
44,034 | Human exposure to ambient ozone | McCurdy, TR | 1,994 | null | 0 |
38,723 | Surface ozone in Athens, Greece, at the beginning and at the end of the twentieth century | Cartalis, C; Varotsos, C | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,254 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on Fischer-344/N rats: Collaborative studies. Part I: Content and cross-linking of lung collagen | Last, JA; Gelzleichter, TR; Harkema, J; Hawk, S | 1,994 | Male and female Fischer-344 rats were exposed either to filtered air (controls) or to 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 parts per million (ppm)* ozone for six hours per day, five days per week, for 20 months. We examined collagen deposition in lung tissue from these animals to determine whether or not chronic exposure of rats to ozone... | 1 |
43,912 | Inflammatory effects of ozone in the upper airways of subjects with asthma | Mcbride, DE; Koenig, JQ; Luchtel, DL; Williams, PV; Henderson, WR, Jr | 1,994 | The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to ozone causes inflammatory or functional changes in the upper or lower airways of asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. Ten asthmatic and eight nonasthmatic subjects were exposed to clean air, 120 ppb ozone, or 240 ppb ozone for 90 min during intermitten... | 0 |
52,258 | Aqueous phase photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters | Anastasio, C; Faust, BC; Allen, JM | 1,994 | Authentic cloud water samples absorb ultraviolet radiation and thereby initiate formation of peroxides (primarily hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 )). This aqueous phase photoformation of H2O2 is a widespread phenomenon in the terrestrial troposphere; midday equinox-normalized H2O2 photoformation rates ranged up to 3.0 mu M/h f... | 0 |
50,297 | Ozonization, a minor route for elastomer weathering | Lacoste, J; Adam, C; Siampiringue, N; Lemaire, J | 1,994 | The main oxidation products formed in the weathering, the artificial photoageing and the low temperature thermoageing of butadiene and isoprene rubbers are determined by FTi.r. spectrophotometry and compared to the products of exposure to ozone. The kinetic evolution of these different oxidative reactions are determine... | 0 |
75,979 | A critical appraisal of the evidence for adverse respiratory effects due to exposure to environmental ozone and particulate pollution: relevance to air quality guidelines | Marks, GB | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,240 | A passive ozone sampler based on a reaction with iodide | Yanagisawa, Y | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,231 | Effect of FLAP antagonist MK-0591 on leukotriene production and ozone-induced airway responses in dogs | Stevens, WHM; Lane, CG; Woolley, MJ; Ellis, R; Tagari, P; Black, C; Ford-Hutchinson, A; O'Byrne, PM | 1,994 | We used the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) antagonist MK-0591 to investigate the importance of leukotrienes (LT) in causing ozone-induced bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs. Six random source dogs were studied. On one day, dogs were treated with MK-0591 (2 mg/kg i... | 0 |
16,154 | Detection - bioassay | Schaeffer, DJ | 1,994 | The classical definition of an ecosystem couples interacting living organisms and nonliving components of the environment to form one physical system. Detection and quantification of the effects of chemicals on an ecosystem is a complex undertaking. Most environmental studies have focused on chemical residue analysis a... | 0 |
43,713 | Dose-dependent tolerance to ozone III Elevation of intracellular Clara cell 10-kDa protein in central acini of rats exposed for 20 months | Dodge, DE; Rucker, RB; Pinkerton, KE; Haselton, CJ; Plopper, CG | 1,994 | Understanding factors that promote pulmonary tolerance to long-term oxidant injury is essential to evaluating health risks in humans. One such factor may be Clara cell 10-kDa protein (CC10), a protein secreted by nonciliated cells in distal conducting airways thought to have an anti-inflammatory action against inhaled ... | 0 |
76,009 | Attenuation of acute lung injury by ozone inhalation--the effect of low level pre-exposure | Van der Wal, WAA; van Bree, L; Marra, M; Rombout, PJA | 1,994 | The attenuating influence of a pre-exposure of rats to a low concentration of ozone (O3) for 7 days on a subsequent O3 challenge was investigated. Effects of O3 were quantified by measuring indicators of lung permeability and inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results suggest that pre-exposure to relativ... | 0 |
78,886 | Nickel and its compounds | null | 1,994 | Nickel is a naturally occurring element that is ubiquitous in the environment principally in the divalent state. Approximately 197 000 tonnes (t) of nickel are currently produced per year in Canada, most of which is sold abroad. Nickel and its alloys are used in a wide variety of industrial applications for the automob... | 0 |
38,203 | Dose-dependent tolerance to ozone IV Site-specific elevation in antioxidant enzymes in the lungs of rats exposed for 90 days or 20 months | Plopper, CG; Duan, X; Buckpitt, AR; Pinkerton, KE | 1,994 | Ozone-induced lung injury in rats is focal, with the primary target sites being the distal trachea and the central acinus. In both area, ozone causes cellular injury and necrosis after short-term exposures, but the areas become tolerant to further injury after long-term exposure. To investigate the role of antioxidant ... | 0 |
80,425 | Comparison of ozone exposure characteristics in forested regions near Mexico City and Los Angeles | Miller, PR; De Bauer, M; Nolasco, AQ; Tejeda, TH | 1,994 | #This comparison of forest exposure to ozone in the vicinity of MUxico City and Los Angeles provides preliminary evidence of the seasonal differences in ozone concentrations. Summer concentrations near MUxico City are not as high as those near Los Angeles because most of the precipitation and associated cloudiness occu... | 0 |
6,988 | Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection | null | 1,994 | This report describes a revision of the model used in ICRP Publication 30 to calculate radiation doses to the respiratory tract of workers resulting from the intake of airborne radionuclides. This revision was motivated by the availability of increased knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract an... | 1 |
77,519 | Evolved gas analysis of secondary organic aerosols | Grosjean, D; Williams EL, II; Grosjean, E; Novakov, T | 1,994 | Secondary organic aerosols have been characterized by evolved gas analysis (EGA). Hydrocarbons selected as aerosol precursors were representative of anthropogenic emissions (cyclohexene, cyclopentene, 1-decene and 1-dodecene, n-dodecane, 0-zylene, and 1,3,3-tn-metbylbenzene) and of biogenic emissions (the terpenes "alp... | 0 |
76,215 | Red blood cell antioxidants in human volunteers exposed to ozone | Vender, RL; Horstman, DH; Mangione, S | 1,994 | Indices of red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant capacity can undergo changes upon exposure to oxidants, either acutely or chronically. To investigate whether these changes might provide a biochemical marker for acute environmental ozone exposure, we assessed RBC glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) responses in seven norma... | 0 |
76,027 | Ozone stimulates release of platelet activating factor and activates phospholipases in guinea pig tracheal epithelial cells in primary culture | Wright, DT; Adler, KB; Akley, NJ; Dailey, LA; Friedman, M | 1,994 | Inhalation of ozone (O-3) has been associated with development of inflammation in the respiratory airways and a variety of alterations in pulmonary function. Epithelial cells lining the airways are the first cells with which inhaled O-3 comes into contact and thus represent a potential major target of acute O-3 toxicit... | 0 |
75,967 | Asthma severity and morbidity in a population sample of Sydney school children: part I - prevalence and effect of air pollutants in coastal regions | Gray, EJ; Peat, JK; Mellis, CM; Harrington, J; Woolcock, AJ | 1,994 | <strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>In two regions of Sydney where sewage treatment facilities with high temperature sludge burning incinerators are installed, there was concern that the resultant emissions were causing a local increase in symptoms of asthma and other allergic diseases.<br /><br /><strong>AIM: </strong>To inv... | 0 |
36,346 | Plant defense systems induced by ozone | Kangasjarvi, J; Talvinen, J; Utriainen, M; Karjalainen, R | 1,994 | Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of plant response to ozone attack are reviewed. Plants grown in elevated atmospheric ozone are known to undergo several biochemical changes before any actual damage can be detected. These reactions include increases in the activities of enzymes associated with... | 0 |
40,981 | Market facts '94 | Smith DM ed | 1,994 | null | 0 |
43,681 | An evaluation of the regional acid deposition model surface module for ozone uptake at 3 sites in the San-Joaquin valley of California | Massman, WJ; Pederson, J; Delany, A; Grantz, D; Denhartog, G; Neumann, HH; Oncley, SP; Pearson, R; Shaw, RH | 1,994 | Plants and soils act as major sinks for the destruction of tropospheric ozone, especially during daylight hours when plant stomata open and are thought to provide the dominant pathway for the uptake of ozone. The present study, part of the California Ozone Deposition Experiment, compares predictions of the regional aci... | 0 |
44,016 | The relative contribution of concentration and duration to ozone (O3)-induced lung injury | Tepper, JS; Costa, DL; Doerfler, D; Lehmann, JR; Stevens, MA; Madden, MC | 1,994 | null | 0 |
41,746 | Noninvasive determination of respiratory ozone absorption: The bolus-response method | Ultman, JS; Ben-Jebria, A; Hu, SC | 1,994 | null | 1 |
75,962 | Studies on the influence of ozone on complement-mediated killing of bacteria | Doroszkiewicz, W; Sikorska, I; Jankowski, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
14,582 | Basic environmental toxicology | null | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,739 | Ozone deposition to an oat crop (Avena sativa L) grown in open-top chambers and in the ambient air | Pleijel, H; Wallin, G; Karlsson, PE; Skarby, L; Sellden, G | 1,994 | Fluxes and deposition velocities for ozone were determined for open-top chambers with and without an oat crop, and for the adjacent field, using a resistance analogue model and the aerodynamic wind-profile method, respectively. During a period when the canopy was green and the ambient wind speeds modest, the fluxes and... | 0 |
76,013 | Effect of ozone exposure on antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs | Vargas, MH; Segura, P; Campos, MG; Hong, E; Montano, LM | 1,994 | Airway hyperresponsiveness can be induced by several stimuli including antigen and ozone, both of which may be present in the air of polluted cities. Though the effect of ozone on the bronchoconstrictor response to antigen has been well described, the combined effect of these stimuli on airway hyperresponsiveness has n... | 0 |
75,990 | The impact of pollution on allergic disease | Rusznak, C; Devalia, JL; Davies, RJ | 1,994 | Evidence suggests that allergic disease is becoming more common, particularly in industrialized societies. Two studies of schoolchildren from Aberdeen, Scotland aged 8-13 years were undertaken in 1964 and 1989 using identical questionnaires, and found that the reported prevalence of asthma had risen from 4.1% to 10.2% ... | 0 |
43,700 | Air pollution and childhood respiratory health: exposure to sulfate and ozone in 10 Canadian rural communities | Stern, BR; Raizenne, ME; Burnett, RT; Jones, L; Kearney, J; Franklin, CA | 1,994 | #This study was designed to examine differences in the respiratory health status of preadolescent school children, aged 7-11 years, who resided in 10 rural Canadian communities in areas of moderate and low exposure to regional sulfate and ozone pollution. Five of the communities were located in central Saskatchewan, a ... | 0 |
1,777 | Characterization of human exposure to ozone and PM10 in the San Francisco Bay area | Lurmann, FW; Korc, ME | 1,994 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. INTRODUCTION 1st PARAGRAPH: Air quality conditions in the San Francisco Bay Area (Bay Area) have improved in the last decade and the region's air is now nearly in compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ozone and particulate matter with diameters les... | 0 |
35,373 | Effects of exposure to ozone at different stages in the development of Plantago major L on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange | Reiling, K; Davison, AW | 1,994 | Similar ozone treatments were applied at different stages of growth to a population of Plantago major L., which is as sensitive to ozone as Bel-W3 tobacco. Plants were grown from seed for 8 wk in controlled-environment chambers and exposed to 70 microl O3 l-1 7 h d-1 for the whole period or for 2-wk episodes during wee... | 1 |
13,245 | Pulmonary effects of repeated episodic exposures to nitric acid vapor alone and in combination with ozone | Schlesinger, RB; El-Fawal, HAN; Zelikoff, JT; Gorczynski, JE; Mcgovern, T; Nadziejko, CE; Chen, LC | 1,994 | Inhaled acids are associated with adverse health effects, a conclusion based largely on studies with particulate-associated acid sulfates. The acidic component of ambient air in some regions, such as California, contains nitric acid (HNO3) vapor, but there is a limited database concerning its biological effects. Furthe... | 0 |
77,180 | Description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5) | Grell, GA; Dudhia, J; Stauffer, DR | 1,994 | null | 0 |
30,129 | Ultraviolet light and ozone stimulate accumulation of salicyclic acid, pathogenesis-related proteins and virus resistance in tobacco | Yalpani, N; Enyedi, AJ; Leon, J; Raskin, I | 1,994 | In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthinc), salicylic acid (SA) levels increase in leaves inoculated by necrotizing pathogens and in healthy leaves located above the inoculated site. Systemic SA increase may trigger disease resistance and synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins). Here we report that... | 0 |
52,426 | Transport, radiative, and dynamical effects of the Antarctic ozone hole: a GFDL "SKYHI" model experiment | Mahlman, JD; Pinto, JP; Umscheid, LJ | 1,994 | The GFDL ?SKYHI? general circulation model has been used to simulate the effect of the Antarctic ?ozone hole? phenomenon on the radiative and dynamical environment of the lower stratosphere. Both the polar ozone destruction and photochemical restoration chemistries are calculated by parameterized simplifications of the... | 0 |
44,876 | Effects of low ambient levels of ozone and sulfates on the frequency of respiratory admissions to Ontario hospitals | Burnett, RT; Dales, RE; Raizenne, ME; Krewski, D; Summers, PW; Roberts, GR; Raad-Young, M; Dann, T; Brook, J | 1,994 | To investigate the acute respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution, the number Of emergency or urgent daily respiratory admissions to 168 acute care hospitals in Ontario were related to estimates of exposure to ozone and sulfates in the vicinity of each hospital. Ozone levels were obtained from 22 monitoring ... | 0 |
30,191 | Effects of exposure to ozone and water stress on the following season's growth of beech (Fagus sylvatica L) | Pearson, M; Mansfield, TA | 1,994 | Bud break and growth of beech trees were measured during the growing season of 1992. The trees had previously been exposed, through the growing season of 1991, to one of four treatments: (1) episodic ozone for 128 d, total dose 463 ppm h; (2) air purified by filtration through Purafil and charcoal; (3) ozone together w... | 0 |
21,430 | Airway responses during and directly after single-time exposure to ozone | Zwart, A; Arts, JHE | 1,994 | null | 0 |
53,098 | The influence of elevated ozone on freezing tolerance of red spruce seedlings | Waite, CE; Dehayes, DH; Rebbeck, J; Schier, GA; Johnson, AH | 1,994 | Laboratory cold-tolerance assessments were conducted over two seasons on red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings fumigated with various concentrations of ozone (O3) for one or two growing seasons in three independent experiments at three locations. Ozone fumigations were performed at either Boyce Thompson Institute i... | 0 |
76,088 | Histamine induced changes in breathing pattern may precede bronchoconstriction in selected patients with bronchial asthma | Fanelli, A; Duranti, R; Gorini, M; Spinelli, A; Gigliotti, F; Scano, G | 1,994 | Background - In asthmatic patients methacholine or histamine challenge may result in more rapid and shallow breathing. Bronchoconstriction can also be associated with changes in the pattern of breathing. However, few studies, particularly in patients with asthma, have investigated the possibility that changes in the pa... | 0 |
57,290 | Publication probability of a study on odds ratio value circumstantial evidence for publication bias in medical study areas | Sugita, M; Yamaguchi, N; Izuno, T; Kanamori, M; Kasuga, H | 1,994 | null | 0 |
76,075 | Human nasal mucosal changes after exposure to urban pollution | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Garcia, R; Sanchez, G; Barragan, G; Camacho, R; Ramirez, L | 1,994 | Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 Ag/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans. To deter... | 0 |
75,982 | Health effects of outdoor air pollution | Neher, JO; Koenig, JQ | 1,994 | One hundred sixty-four million Americans live in areas that fail to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six common air pollutants: particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. The impact of these pollutants on health is significant. A Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) r... | 0 |
92,917 | A general model for soil organic matter dynamics: sensitivity to litter chemistry, texture and management | Parton, WJ; Schimel, DS; Ojima, DS; Cole, CV | 1,994 | null | 0 |
95,559 | Some applications of radial plots | Galbraith, RF | 1,994 | A radial plot is a graphical display for comparing estimates that have differing precisions. It is a scatter plot of standardized estimates against reciprocals of standard errors, possibly with respect to a transformed scale, designed so that the original estimates can be compared and interpreted. The estimates may be ... | 0 |
75,972 | Capsaicin reduces ozone-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs | Kaneko, T; Ikeda, H; Fu, L; Nishiyama, H; Matsuoka, M; Yamakawa, HO; Okubo, T | 1,994 | null | 0 |
53,168 | Atmospheric ozone affects carbohydrate allocation and winter hardiness of Pinus halepensis (Mill) | Wellburn, FAM; Wellburn, AR | 1,994 | Fumigation of 2 year-old Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees with episodes of O3 (up to 120 nl l-1; as compared to 25 nl l-1) throughout two summer seasons produces taller plants with greater stem diameters but reduced root: shoot ratios. Both light and electron microscopy of current year needles carried out at ... | 0 |
77,954 | Development of samplers for measuring human exposures to ozone | Hackney, JD; Avol, EL; Linn, WS; Anderson, KR; Koutrakis, P; Wolfson, JM; Bunyaviroch, A; Froelich, S; Yanagisawa, Y | 1,994 | null | 0 |
57,274 | A comparison of advection algorithms coupled with chemistry | Chock, DP; Winkler, SL | 1,994 | Three-dimensional air quality models face the problem of solving the advection or advection-dominated transport equation. The performance of six advection algorithms coupled with chemistry is assessed here. The six algorithms are the forward-Euler Taylor-Galerkin (FETG) method, the implicit Chapeau-function method, a s... | 0 |
38,832 | O3 and NOy relationships at a rural site | Olszyna, KJ; Bailey, EM; Simonaitis, R; Meagher, JF | 1,994 | Measurements of O3, NO, NO2, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), HNO3, and NO y were made during a 6-week period in the summer of 1991 in Giles County, Tennessee. These data were analyzed to determine the factors controlling the relationship between O3 and NO y at this rural site. A strong association was observed between the ... | 1 |
44,248 | Effects of acute and continuous ozone (O3) exposure on activity/exploration and social behavior of CD-1 mice | Musi, B; Dell'Omo, G; Ricceri, L; Santucci, D; Laviola, G; Bignami, G; Alleva, E | 1,994 | This study was aimed at investigating the behavioral effects of ozone (O3) exposure in CD-1 mice. Pairs of same-sex adult male and female mice were continuously exposed for 13 days to either 0, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 ppm O3. The exposure apparatus consisted of a system for O3 production and delivery into four stainless-steel... | 0 |
76,007 | Public health risks from motor vehicle emissions | Utell, MJ; Warren, J; Sawyer, RF | 1,994 | Biosis copyright: biol abs. rrm book chapter literature review human air pollution carbon monoxide ozone hydrocarbons health effects | 0 |
44,242 | A passive ozone sampler based on a reaction with nitrite | Koutrakis, P; Wolfson, JM; Bunyaviroch, A; Froehlich, S | 1,994 | Standard ozone monitoring techniques utilize large, heavy, and expensive instruments that are not easily adapted for personal or microenvironmental monitoring. For large-scale monitoring projects that examine spatial variations of a pollutant and human exposure assessments, passive sampling devices can provide the meth... | 0 |
73,388 | Respiratory function changes from inhalation of polluted air | Yang, SC; Yang, SP | 1,994 | Exposure to polluted air may trigger respiratory symptoms in certain subjects. Maximal expiratory flow volume measurements and methacholine bronchial challenges were conducted in 25 asthmatics and 30 healthy volunteers, before and after breathing bagged polluted air for 30 min, to determine whether exposures to pollute... | 0 |
93,635 | Effects of ozone on interactions between plants, consumers and decomposers | Jones, CG; Coleman, JS; Findlay, S | 1,994 | null | 0 |
187,224 | The role of microclimate in determining the sensitivity of Quercus rubra L. to ozone | Samuelson, L | 1,994 | Microclimate has been suggested as a factor to consider
when scaling ozone responses of forest trees from the seedling to tree level. To test whether
microclimate influences the response of seedlings to ozone, 1-yr-old Quercus rubra L. seedlings
were grown in the shaded upper or lower canopy of 31-yr-old trees in... | 0 |
40,324 | Ozone-induced release of cytokines and fibronectin by alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells | Devlin, RB; Mckinnon, KP; Noah, T; Becker, S; Koren, HS | 1,994 | Acute exposure of animals and humans to ozone results in decrements in lung function, development of airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, edema, damage to pulmonary cells, and production of several compounds with tissue damaging, fibrinogenic or fibrotic potential. The contribution of airway epithelial cells and alveo... | 0 |
75,996 | Coordinated expression of a 45 kD protein and ozone toxicity in a human bronchial epithelial cell line | Sun, W; Wu, R; Last, JA | 1,994 | null | 0 |
44,241 | Active and passive ozone samplers based on a reaction with a binary reagent | Hackney, JD; Avol, EL; Linn, WS; Anderson, KR | 1,994 | Ozone is one of the most toxic common air pollutants (judging from short-term animal and human exposure studies at realistic concentrations) and one of the most difficult and expensive pollutants to control. Because of ozone's high chemical reactivity, its concentrations may vary greatly over short distances, and fixed... | 0 |
44,886 | The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease: XI impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second | Tashkin, DP; Detels, R; Simmons, M; Liu, H; Coulson, AH; Sayre, J; Rokaw, S | 1,994 | We assessed the relative impact of residential exposure to community air pollution and habitual cigarette smoking on lung function by comparing the annualized rate of change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in current, former, and never-smokers 25 to 59 yr of age residing in three demographically similar areas... | 0 |
12,492 | Multivariate spatial interpolation and exposure to air pollutants | Brown, PJ; Le, ND; Zidek, JV | 1,994 | We develop and apply an approach to the spatial interpolation of a vector-valued random response field. The Bayesian approach we adopt enables uncertainty about the underlying models to be represented in expressing the accuracy of the resulting interpolants. The methodology is particularly relevant in environmetrics, w... | 0 |
76,005 | The reactions of ozone with proteins and unsaturated fatty acids in reverse micelles | Uppu, RM; Pryor, WA | 1,994 | #Sodium oleate cosolubilized with lysozyme in reverse micellar solutions is shown to inhibit the ozone-mediated oxidation of tryptophan residues in the protein. The magnitude of inhibition by oleate, which is an indirect measure of the fraction of ozone that reacts with oleate instead of the protein, is predictable usi... | 0 |
76,127 | Variability of nasal lavage polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts in unexposed subjects: its potential utility for epidemiology | Hauser, R; Garcia-Closas, M; Kelsey, KT; Christiani, DC | 1,994 | null | 0 |
57,441 | Nasal receptors responding to noxious chemical irritants | Sekizawa, SI; Tsubone, H | 1,994 | This study was performed to investigate the chemoreception of trigeminal afferents in the nose. Single unit activity was recorded from the anterior ethmoidal nerve in the anesthetized guinea pig breathing through a tracheostomy during nasal instillation of capsaicin (0.3 mM), nicotine (6 mM) and ammonia (1.5 M) solutio... | 0 |
44,873 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for the elderly in Birmingham, Alabama | Schwartz, J | 1,994 | John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. #Several studies have reported associations between airborne particles and/or ozone and hospital admissions for respiratory disease. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the few cities in the United States with daily ... | 0 |
13,128 | Pulmonary surfactant subtype metabolism is altered after short-term ozone exposure | Putman, E; Boere, AJF; Van Bree, L; Van Golde, LMG; Haagsman, HP | 1,995 | Rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for 2 or 12 hr. The latter condition resulted in lung damage and inflammation while the former did not. Directly after exposure surfactant was isolated and two morphologically and functionally different surfactant subtypes were obtained by differential centrifugation. Surfactant subty... | 0 |
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