REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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80,751 | Long-term toxicity studies of ozone in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice | Boorman, GA; Sills, RC; Grumbein, S; Hailey, R; Miller, RA; Herbert, RA | 1,995 | The toxicity and carcinogenicity of ozone was evaluated in Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3Fl mice exposed to 0, 0.12 (2 years only), 0.5or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 2-year and lifetime exposures. A 2-year cocarcinogenicity study (male rats only) included the subcutaneous administration of 0. 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg/body wt... | 0 |
78,506 | The cascade mechanism to explain ozone toxicity: the role of lipid ozonation products | Pryor, WA; Squadrito, GL; Friedman, M | 1,995 | Health Effects Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Ozone is so reactive that it can be predicted to be entirely consumed as it passes through the first layer of tissue it contacts at the lung/air interface. This layer includes the lung lining fluid (tracheobronchial surface ... | 0 |
75,975 | Air quality and the frequency of emergency room visits for asthma | Kesten, S; Szalai, J; Dzyngel, B | 1,995 | Background: Atmospheric pollution has been proposed as one of the possible factors responsible for increases in asthma mortality and morbidity. Objective: We sought to examine whether we could demonstrate a relationship between emergency room visits for asthma and alterations in environmental conditions. Methods: Over ... | 0 |
4,378 | The future of biodiversity | Pimm, SL; Russell, GJ; Gittleman, JL; Brooks, TM | 1,995 | Recent extinction rates are 100 to 1000 times their pre-human levels in well-known, but taxonomically diverse groups from widely different environments. If all species currently deemed "threatened" become extinct in the next century, then future extinction rates will be 10 times recent rates. Some threatened species wi... | 0 |
79,862 | Measurement of fluxes of trace gases (O3, NOX, SO2, CO2, HNO3), particulate sulfate and nitrate, water vapour over short vegetation by gradient and eddy correlation techniques in Hungary | Horvath, L; Nagy, Z; Weidinger, T; Artz, R; Luke, WT; Valigura, R; Pinto, JP; Womack, J | 1,995 | A joint US-Hungarian field campaign was conducted between 28 May and 14 June, 1994 in Hungary, at Hortobagy National Park, above short vegetation. One of the main aims of the experiment was to determine the fluxes of trace gases by different techniques. A gradient method, based on Monin-Obukhov's similarity theory, and... | 1 |
133,607 | Sensitivity of Ozone to Model Grid Resolution 2 Detailed Process Analysis for Ozone Chemistry | Jang, JCC; Jeffries, HE; Tonnesen, S | 1,995 | Most of the current air quality models used to simulate ozone (O-3) formation predict only the concentrations of O-3 without the capabilities of understanding and explaining the formation processes of O-3. In this paper we present a process analysis method developed to understand and quantify the chemical and physical ... | 0 |
41,745 | The effects of ozone on the root dynamics of seedlings and mature red oak (Quercus rubra L) | Kelting, DL; Burger, JA; Edwards, GS | 1,995 | Red oak seedlings and mature trees were exposed to three ozone treatments (subambient, ambient, 2 x ambient) in open-top chambers. Net fine-root production and turnover were measured using the compartment-flow model. Mature tree fine-root respiration was measured in summer 1994 in order to calculate gross fine-root pro... | 0 |
148,871 | Design Artifacts in Eulerian Air-Quality Models - Evaluation of the Effects of Layer Thickness and Vertical Profile Correction on Surface Ozone Concentrations | Byun, DW; Dennis, R | 1,995 | Previous studies on the regional acid deposition model (RADM) have revealed high bias of surface SO2 and O-3 concentrations by the model, especially during nighttime hours. Comparison of the RADM results with surface measurements of hourly ozone concentrations from the National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) sites showe... | 0 |
40,379 | Daily mortality analysis by using different regression models in Philadelphia County, 1973-1990 | Li, Y; Roth, HD | 1,995 | Earlier investigators found that in the city of Philadelphia there exists an association between daily levels of particulate matter and mortality (Schwartz and Dockery, 1992a). To more fully explore this result, we analyzed the daily mortality data in Philadelphia using a host of independent variables including air qua... | 0 |
87,567 | Multivariate imputation in cross-sectional analysis of health effects associated with air pollution (with discussion) | Duddek, C; Le, ND; Zidek, JV; Burnett, RT | 1,995 | We demonstrate a recently developed spatial interpolation methodology in a study of the chronic effects of air pollution on respiratory morbidity. Our study uses data from the Ontario Health Study, a large survey of households in Ontario conducted for the province by Statistics Canada. The interpolation procedure imput... | 0 |
80,756 | Ozone-induced human respiratory dysfunction and disease | Bromberg, PA; Koren, HS | 1,995 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Health Effects Institute. Exercising volunteers exposed in chambers to as little as 80 ppb O3 for several hours exhibit impaired lung function and irritative lower airway symptoms. Comparable changes occur among children and young adults exposed to summer smog containing O3. Intens... | 0 |
55,525 | An open-air system for exposure of young forest trees to sulphur dioxide and ozone | McLeod, AR | 1,995 | ABSTRACT The development, construction and operation of an open-air fumigation system for exposing young forest trees to controlled concentrations of sulphur dioxide and ozone is described. A computer simulation of gas dispersion was used to design an array of pipework sources which minimized spatial variability in e... | 0 |
78,482 | Ozone exposure of human tracheal epithelial cells inactivates cyclooxygenase and increases 15-HETE production | Alpert, SE; Walenga, RW | 1,995 | National Institutes of Health. | 0 |
76,213 | Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1994 assessment | Van der Leun, JC; Tang, X; Tevini, M | 1,995 | The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer requires, in Article 6, peijodic assessments of available scientific, environmental, technical and economic information. The assessments shall be made at least every four years. In fact, assessments were made in 1989, 1991 and, the present one, in 1994. T... | 0 |
13,129 | Dietary restriction mitigates ozone induced lung toxicity in rats: role of ascorbate | Kari, F; Slade, R; Crissman, K; Luster, M; Hatch, G | 1,995 | Studies were undertaken to determine whether dietary restriction (DR) protects against an acute oxidant challenge to the lung. Male F344 rats were fed NIH-3 1 diet either ad libitum(AL) or at restricted levels equal to 75% that of AL intake. After 3weeks of dietary adaptation, animals were exposed by inhalation to oz... | 0 |
77,273 | Organics alter hygroscopic behavior of atmospheric particles | Saxena, P; Hildemann, LM; Mcmurry, PH; Seinfeld, JH | 1,995 | Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The optical and chemical properties of atmospheric particles and their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) depend strongly upon their affinity for water. Laboratory experiments have shown that water soluble substances such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, an... | 0 |
80,774 | Dose-effect models for ozone exposure: tool for quantitative risk estimation | Van Bree, L; Marra, M; van Scheindelen, HJ; Fischer, PH; de Loos, S; Buringh, E; Rombout, PJA | 1,995 | Short-term ozone exposure causes lung function decrements, increased airway reactivity, airway inflammation, increased respiratory symptoms and hospital admissions. Exposure to long-term elevated ozone levels seems to be associated with reduced lung function (aging), increase of respiratory symptoms, exacerbation of as... | 0 |
78,483 | Sidestream tobacco smoke exposure acutely alters human nasal mucociliary clearance | Bascom, R; Kesavanathan, J; Fitzgerald, TK; Cheng, KH; Swift, DL | 1,995 | Center for Indoor Air Research. | 0 |
85,304 | Kohortenstudie zu Atemwegserkrankungen und Lungenfunktion bei Schulkindern in Sudwestdeutschland Teil 4: Innerstadtische Umwelteinflusse auf Atemwegserkrankungen in Mannheim [Cohort study on respiratory diseases and lung function in schoolchildren in southwest Germany. Part 4: inner city influences on respiratory sympt... | Luttmann, H; Gromping, U; Kreienbrock, L; Treiber-Klotzer, C; Wichmann, HE | 1,995 | A prospective cohort study on more than 8000 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Southwest Germany. The primary question of the study was to investigate the regional differences in respiratory health status of the children due to air pollution. In a logistic regressio... | 0 |
14,591 | Presence of airborne contaminants in the wildlife of northern Quebec | Langlois, C; Langis, R | 1,995 | As part of the environmental impact studies of the Great Whale and the Nottaway-Broadback-Rupert (NBR) hydroelectric projects, Hydro-QuUbec collected data on the occurrence and levels of several contaminants present in wildlife from both regions between 1989 and 1991. The analyses performed included metals (mercury, ar... | 0 |
50,190 | Atmospheric corrosion effects of SO2 and O3 on laboratory-exposed copper | Zakipour, S; Tidblad, J; Leygraf, C | 1,995 | Introduction Recent results from the UN ECE exposure program identify ozone as one factor that contributes to the atmospheric corrosion of copper in rain-sheltered environments. Extrapolation of weight increases from laboratory exposures of copper involving the gaseous pollutants SO2 and NO2 was in good agreement wit... | 0 |
43,766 | Growth response of bigcone Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) to long-term ozone exposure in southern California | Peterson, DL; Silsbee, DG; Poth, M; Arbaugh, MJ; Biles, FE | 1,995 | Long-term radial growth of bigcone Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa) was studied throughout its range in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California, where ambient ozone has been high for approximately the past 40 years. A gradient of both ozone concentration and precipitation exists from west (high) to east... | 0 |
75,945 | Methacholine responsiveness is not associated with O3-induced decreases in FEV1 | Aris, RM; Tager, I; Christian, D; Kelly, T; Balmes, JR | 1,995 | Health Effects Institute. #STUDY OBJECTIVE: Controlled human exposure studies have suggested that the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (O3) may not provide a margin of safety to protect the most susceptible members of the population from adverse health effects. Although the subgroups of the population th... | 1 |
78,493 | Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA in Brown Norway rats exposed to ozone: effect of dexamethasone | Haddad, EB; Liu, SF; Salmon, M; Robichaud, A; Barnes, PJ; Chung, KF | 1,995 | British Heart Foundation; British Medical Research Council; British Lung Foundation. | 0 |
57,214 | Field data and model calculations for the hydroxyl radical | Poppe, D; Zimmerman, J; Dorn, HP | 1,995 | Locally measured tropospheric OH concentrations are compared with model calculations to study the influence of chemical precursors and sunlight. The chemical scheme was taken from the gas phase reaction mechanism of the Regional Acid Deposition Model, which includes an explicit inorganic and a comprehensive organic che... | 0 |
79,197 | Fine particulate air pollution and mortality in two Southern California counties | Ostro, B | 1,995 | #Several epidemiologic studies have reported associations between respiratory disease and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) or fine particles. However, since daily fine particulate data from ambient monitors are seldom available, many studies have used estimates of PM2.5 based on visual range... | 0 |
79,512 | Analysis of induced sputum after air and ozone exposures in healthy subjects | Fahy, JV; Wong, HH; Liu, JT; Boushey, HA | 1,995 | Exposure of healthy subjects to ozone is associated with increases in cellular and biochemical markers of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To determine if analysis of induced sputum might similarly reveal the pulmonary inflammatory effects of ozone exposure, we performed cellular and biochemical analysis o... | 0 |
77,437 | Neurobehavioral development of CD-1 mice after combined gestational and postnatal exposure to ozone | Dell'Omo, G; Fiore, M; Petruzzi, S; Alleva, E; Bignami, G | 1,995 | Outbred CD-1 mice were exposed continuously to ozone (O3, 0.6 ppm) from 6 days prior to the formation of breeding pairs to the time of weaning of the offspring on postnatal day 22 (PND 22) or to PND 26. One half of the mice in each of eight O3 and eight control litters were subjected on PND 24 to a 20-min open-field te... | 0 |
77,382 | Influence of acid-rain and ozone on soil heavy metals under loblolly-pine trees: a field-study | Nouri, PA; Reddy, GB | 1,995 | null | 0 |
76,715 | Temperature - pollution interactions with daily mortality in Philadelphia | Wyzga, RE; Lipfert, FW | 1,995 | An expanded data set of eighteen years from Philadelphia is used to explore the relationships between daily air pollution, as measured by total suspended particulate (TSP) and ozone, and daily mortality of those 65 years and older. Several alternative methods were applied in the data analysis with an emphasis on the ap... | 0 |
52,414 | Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1994 | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
40,689 | Ambient ozone and adverse crop response: An evaluation of North American and European data as they relate to exposure indices and critical levels | Legge, AH; Grunhage, L; Nosal, M; Jager, HJ; Krupa, SV | 1,995 | This paper provides an overview of present ambient critical levels, objectives, guidelines, etc., for ozone and a brief review of the current research efforts in the U.S. and in Europe (UN-ECE, Economic Commission for Europe) to relate O-3 exposure statistics to adverse crop yield responses. These studies are based on ... | 1 |
79,513 | Temperature, ambient ozone levels, and mortality during summer, 1994, in Belgium | Sartor, F; Snacken, R; Demuth, C; Walckiers, D | 1,995 | The number of daily deaths, temperature, relative humidity, and 24-hr concentrations of main air pollutants observed during a heat wave (June 27-August 7, 1994) in Belgium were compared with those recorded before and after this heat wave. All these variables were averaged over the country. Expected mortality was calcul... | 0 |
78,507 | Effects of taurine on depletion of erythrocyte membrane Na-K ATPase activity due to ozone exposure or cholesterol enrichment | Qi, B; Yamagami, T; Naruse, Y; Sokejima, S; Kagamimori, S | 1,995 | The objective of this study was to investigate the interrelationship between taurine and erythrocyte-membrane Na-K ATPase activity. A comparison was conducted to test whether taurine or uric acid (a water-soluble scavenger of free radicals) prevents or recovers the depletion in membrane ouabain-sensitive Na-K ATPase ac... | 0 |
79,373 | The state of the southern oxidants study (SOS): policy-relevant findings in ozone pollution research 1988-1994: policy and executive summary | Chameides, WL; Cowling, EB | 1,995 | null | 0 |
55,090 | Modeling the effects of UV variability and the QBO on the troposphere-stratosphere system Part II The troposphere | Rind, D; Balachandran, NK | 1,995 | Results of experiments with a GCM involving changes in UV input (+/-25%, +/-5% at wavelengths below 0.3 mu) and simulated equatorial QBO are presented, with emphasis on the tropospheric response. The QBO and UV changes alter the temperature in the lower stratosphere/upper troposphere, affecting tropospheric/stratospher... | 0 |
75,973 | Reactive absorption of ozone by aqueous biomolecule solutions: Implications for the role of sulfhydryl compounds as targets for ozone | Kanofsky, JR; Sima, PD | 1,995 | Department of Veterans Affairs Research Service. #The rates of reactive absorption of ozone by various biomolecule solutions were measured. At pH 7, the ability of various biomolecules to reactively absorb ozone was in the following sequence: thiosulfate > ascorbate > cysteine approximately methionine > glutathione. Th... | 1 |
80,815 | Genetic susceptibility to ozone exposure | Kleeberger, SR | 1,995 | National Institutes of Health. Because of the impact that oxidizing air pollutants such as ozone (O3) may have on public health, identification of factors that influence susceptibility to exposure remains a critical issue. The role of genetic background as a susceptibility factor is becoming increasingly clear. In this... | 0 |
89,915 | Biological and biochemical effects of air pollutants: synergistic effects of sulphite | Hippeli, S; Elstner, EF | 1,995 | Air pollution has become a major public and political concern since the beginning of industrialization, particularly motor exhaust over the past three decades. Epidemiological studies, together with clinical trials and experiments in exposition chambers (including biochemical model reactions), have contributed to our k... | 0 |
52,346 | The use of NOy, H2O2 and HNO3 as indicators for ozone-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity in urban locations | Sillman, S | 1,995 | Correlations are presented between model predictions for O3-NOx-hydrocarbon sensitivity and afternoon concentrations of four "indicator species": NOy, O3/(NOy - NOX), HCHO/NOy, and H2O2/HNO3. The indicator species correlations are based on a series of photochemical simulations with varying rates of anthropogenic and bi... | 1 |
669 | Long-term ambient concentrations of particulates and oxidants and development of chronic disease in a cohort of nonsmoking California residents | Abbey, DE; Lebowitz, MD; Mills, PK; Petersen, FF; Beeson, WL; Burchette, RJ | 1,995 | California Air Resources Board. A cohort of 6340 nonsmoking California Seventh-Day Adventists (SDAs) who had resided within 5 miles of their present residence for the past 10 yr has been followed since 1977 for incidence of cancer and myocardial infarction (MI) through 1982; development of definite symptoms of, and in... | 0 |
76,721 | The effects of horizontally extended clouds on backscattered ultraviolet sunlight | Wen G, Y; Frederick, JE | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,496 | Depletion of urate in human nasal lavage following in vitro ozone exposure | Housley, DG; Mudway, I; Kelly, FJ; Eccles, R; Richards, RJ | 1,995 | British Lung Foundation; MRC. Ozone, a strong oxidant present in summer smog, is thought to primarily react with antioxidant molecules found in the epithelial lining fluid of the respiratory tract. In humans, as much as 40% of inhaled ozone can be removed in the nasal cavity where the major extracellular antioxidant ha... | 0 |
54,049 | Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry: On-line trace gas analysis at the ppb level | Hansel, A; Jordan, A; Holzinger, R; Prazeller, P; Vogel, W; Lindinger, W | 1,995 | A system for trace gas analysis using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) has been developed which allows for on-line measurements of components with concentrations as low as 1 ppb. The method is based on reactions of H3O+ ions, which perform non-dissociative proton transfer to most of the common organi... | 0 |
52,288 | Computer modeling of environmental chamber studies of maximum incremental reactivities of volatile organic compounds | Carter, WPL | 1,995 | A detailed atmospheric photochemical mechanism which had been previously used in model calculations for developing ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was evaluated by comparing its predictions with measurements of incremental reactivities in an environmental chamber system. An updated version... | 1 |
644,675 | Accumulation of vitamin C (ascorbate) and its oxidized metabolite dehydroascorbic acid occurs by separate mechanisms | Welch, RW; Wang, Y; Crossman, A, Jr; Park, JB; Kirk, KL; Levine, M | 1,995 | It is unknown whether ascorbate alone (vitamin C), its oxidized metabolite dehydroascorbic acid alone, or both species are transported into human cells. This problem was addressed using specific assays for each compound, freshly synthesized pure dehydroascorbic acid, the specially synthesized analog 6-chloroascorbate, ... | 1 |
48,120 | The production of O3 in an urban plume - airborne sampling of the Atlanta urban plume | Imhoff, RE; Valente, R; Meagher, JF; Luria, M | 1,995 | As part of the Southern Oxidant Study, The Tennessee Valley Authority's instrumented helicopter made a series of air sampling flights over the city of Atlanta. The flights were made during the summer of 1992 to investigate the evolution of the urban O3 plume. Air samples were taken during morning and afternoon hours; t... | 0 |
47,590 | Density functional theory derived intermediates from the OH initiated atmospheric oxidation of toluene | Bartolotti, LJ; Edney, EO | 1,995 | A series of density functional based quantum mechanical calculations were carried out to identify potential intermediates produced by the OH addition initiated atmospheric photo-oxidation of toluene. The potential for formation was assessed based on the relative stabilities of the assumed products. The calculations are... | 0 |
43,722 | Uncertainties in health risk assessments: commentary on selected issues and research needs | Miller, FJ; Conolly, RB | 1,995 | null | 0 |
13,127 | Oxidative damage by ozone and nitrogen dioxide: synergistic toxicity in vivo but no evidence of synergistic oxidative damage in an extracellular fluid | O'Neill, CA; Van Der Vliet, A; Eiserich, JP; Last, JA; Halliwell, B; Cross, CE | 1,995 | Inhalation of ozone (O3) and/or nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with the development of inflammation in the respiratory tract and various alterations in pulmonary functions. Respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) represent the first biological fluids coming into contact with these inhaled toxicants. Using plasma ... | 0 |
53,181 | The effects of SO2 and O3 fumigation on acid deposition and foliar leaching in the Liphook forest fumigation experiment | Skeffington, RA; Sutherland, PM | 1,995 | The ambient pollution climate at the Liphook forest fumigation site, where coniferous trees were fumigated with SO2 and O3 for 4 years under field conditions, was characteristic of the fringes of the areas where pollutant effects are a problem. Experimental treatments increased SO2 concentrations to levels more charact... | 0 |
56,532 | Health and productivity impact of organic volatiles from electronic office equipment | Aldrich, FD; Brooks, BO; Davis, WF; DeBroy, JA; Li, ST; Schimke, R; Utter, GM | 1,995 | null | 0 |
21,788 | The United Kingdom national materials exposure programme | Butlin, RN; Yates, TJS; Murray, M; Ashall, G | 1,995 | In 1986, the National Materials Exposure Programme was set up within the United Kingdom to investigate the effects of acid deposition on buildings and building materials. Thirty sites were chosen, which represented a range of geographical and pollution climates. Each site met a minimum meteorological and pollution mon... | 0 |
80,825 | Urban levels of air pollution increase lung responsiveness in rats | Pereira, PM; Saldiva, PHN; Sakae, RS; Bohm, GM; Martins, MA | 1,995 | Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Technologico (CNPq); Instituto dos Laboratorios de Investigacao Medica do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (LIM-HCFMUSP). #This study was designed to investigate if... | 0 |
57,475 | Sunlight exposure, pigmentation factors, and risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer II Squamous cell carcinoma | Gallagher, RP; Hill, GB; Bajdik, CD; Coldman, AJ; Fincham, S; Mclean, DI; Threlfall, WJ | 1,995 | INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN: Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC), a common cancer in white populations, is related to sunshine exposure; however, relatively little information is available on how timing and character of exposure affect the relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature of the r... | 0 |
76,784 | Residential air exchange rates in the United States: Empirical and estimated parametric distributions by season and climatic region | Murray, DM; Burmaster, DE | 1,995 | The purpose of this paper is to undertake a statistical analysis to specify empirical distributions and to estimate univariate parametric probability distributions for air exchange rates for residential structures in the United States. To achieve this goal, we used data compiled by the Brookhaven National Laboratory us... | 0 |
51,296 | O3 and OH sensitivity to heterogeneous sinks of HOx and CH3O2 on aerosol particles | Gershenzon, YM; Grigorieva, VM; Ivanov, AV; Remorov, RG | 1,995 | A new modification of matrix-isolation EPR has been developed for the measurement of uptake coefficients of polyatomic radicals. The technique is combined either with a cylinder reactor having a movable source of radicals or a coaxial reactor having a movable rod and a fixed source of radicals. The walls of the cylinde... | 0 |
86,176 | Nitric acid toxicity: potential for particle and ozone interactions (final report) | Keinman, MT; Bhalla, DK; Mautz, WJ; Osann, K; Basbaum, C | 1,995 | The objective of this project was to determine whether or not airborne particles increased the potential for adverse health effects due to exposure to nitric acid (HNO3), under conditions relevant to exposure of people to urban air pollution in California. This project examined air pollutant atmospheres containing HNO3... | 0 |
38,121 | Is increased UV-B a threat to crop photosynthesis and productivity? | Fiscus, EL; Booker, FL | 1,995 | It has been suggested that increases in ground-level UV-B, as a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, may have major deleterious effects on crop photosynthesis and productivity. The direct consequences of such effects have been projected by some as a world-wide decrease in crop yields of 20-25%. Further losses, or ... | 0 |
13,330 | Session summary: chemical mixtures and the respiratory system | Koren, HS; Lippmann, M | 1,995 | 1st paragraph. This session reviewed knowledge about the effects of simple and complex chemical mixtures on the respiratory tract in terms of the capabilities and limitations of the techniques available to epidemiologists and laboratory-based scientists engaged in toxicology. dosimetry and immunology. | 0 |
44,275 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part X: robust composite scores based on median polish analysis | Catalano, PJ; Rogus, J; Ryan, LM | 1,995 | null | 1 |
83,551 | Acidic deposition, ecosystem processes, and nitrogen saturation in a high elevation southern Appalachian watershed | Nodvin, SC; Van Miegroet, H; Lindberg, SE; Nicholas, NS; Johnson, DW | 1,995 | High-elevation red spruce-Fraser fir forests in the Southern Appalachian mountains: 1) receive among the highest rates of atmospheric deposition measured in North America, 2) contain old-growth forests, 3) have shown declines in forest health, 4) have sustained high insect-caused fir mortality, and 5) contain poorly bu... | 0 |
41,753 | Effect of open-air fumigation with sulphur dioxide and ozone on phyllosphere and endophytic fungi of conifer needles | Magan, N; Kirkwood, IA; Mcleod, AR; Smith, MK | 1,995 | The phyllosphere microbial populations inhabiting the needles of three conifer species, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), exposed to SO(2) and O(3) in an open-air fumigation experiment were analysed over a 3 year period using serial dilutio... | 0 |
53,528 | Reactions of alkoxyl radicals in the atmosphere | Atkinson, R; Kwok, ESC; Arey, J; Aschmann, SM | 1,995 | The products of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with n-pentane and [2H12] pentane have been studied at 296 ? 2 K and 740 Torr total pressure of N2-O2 diluent gas in the presence of NO. Direct air sampling, atmospheric-pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry showed the formation of the previously predicte... | 0 |
42,652 | Response of a white clover indicator system to tropospheric ozone at eight locations in the United States | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Chevone, BI; Dreschel, TW; Manning, WJ; Mccool, PM; Morrison, CL; Neely, GE; Rebbeck, J | 1,995 | A white clover (Trifolium repens L.) system using measured biomass to indicate effective concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) has been developed. The system utilizes the relative response of an O3-sensitive clone (NC-S) and an O3-resistant clone (NC-R) grown in 15-liter pots. Forage (leaves, stems and flowers) is ... | 0 |
55,067 | Higher UV radiation inferred from low ozone levels at northern mid-latitudes in 1992 and 1993 | Feister, U; Grewe, R | 1,995 | Atmospheric ozone, cloudiness and aerosol optical depth determine the amount of solar UV radiation that reaches the lower atmosphere at a given location. Ozone measurements during the years 1992 and 1993 showed extremely low values in Central Europe. Monthly mean ozone in January 1992 and February 1993 at Potsdam (52 N... | 0 |
78,517 | The effects of an inhaled corticosteroid on oxygen radical production by bronchoalveolar cells after allergen or ozone in dogs | Stevens, WHM; Adelroth, E; Woolley, MJ; Wattie, J; Dahlback, M; O'Byrne, PM | 1,995 | #Both ozone and allergen inhalation increase the capacity to produce oxygen radicals by bronchoalveolar lavage cells in dogs. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids inhibits these increases in oxygen radical production from bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Six random source dogs were... | 0 |
36,174 | Statement of Marvin Frazier at Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC) ozone review panel, public meeting, March 21, 1995, at 203-218 transcript | null | 1,995 | N/A. | 0 |
46,936 | The map comparison problem: tests for the overlap of geographic boundaries | Jacquez, GM | 1,995 | The quality of environmental studies is often compromised by the use of statistics, such as correlation and regression for example, which presuppose a statistical model, linear or otherwise, between two variables. When investigating hypotheses about relationships among geographically distributed variables, an alternati... | 0 |
90,244 | Modeling of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation and decay in the atmosphere | Fan, Z; Chen, D; Birla, P; Kamens, RM | 1,995 | A reaction mechanism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH (NPAH) in the gas and particle phase in the atmosphere has been further evaluated and modified using outdoor smog chamber experimental results. Diesel exhaust emissions were added to a 190 m3 outdoor smog chamber and permitted to age under con... | 0 |
76,204 | Effect of environmental molds on risk of death from asthma during the pollen season | Targonski, PV; Persky, VW; Ramekrishnan, V | 1,995 | null | 0 |
77,439 | Ozone hole won't worsen? | Kerr, RA | 1,995 | null | 0 |
30,107 | Effects of ozone and water deficit on field-grown soybean: I Leaf gas exchange | Vozzo, SF; Miller, JE; Pursley, WA; Heagle, AS | 1,995 | Ozone (O3) and water deficit can suppress net carbon exchange rate (NCER) of plant tissues, but little is known concerning their combined effects on NCER of field-grown plants. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Young'] plants were exposed to two soil moisture regimes (providing well-watered and periodically water-defici... | 0 |
75,989 | Cumulative labeling indices in epithelial cell populations of the respiratory tract after exposure to ozone at low concentrations | Rajini, P; Witschi, H | 1,995 | National Institutes of Health; Environmental Health Sciences Center; Indian Government. Male Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats were exposed to concentrations of 0.12 ppm of ozone for 12 hr a night or for 24 hr a day, to 0.24 ppm for 24 hr a day, and to 0.36 ppm for 8 hr a night. Cumulative labeling indices were measured dur... | 0 |
45,119 | Injury of rat tracheal epithelial cultures by exposure to ozone and/or residual oil fly ash | Dye, JA; Richards, JR; Dreher, KL | 1,995 | null | 0 |
55,154 | Time course of inflammation in the rat exposed to ozone for short and prolonged periods with intermittent hyperventilation | Tepper, JS; et al | 1,995 | null | 0 |
47,000 | Relation inflammation bronchique - hyper reactivite bronchique non specifique: etude in vitro des effets de l'ozone a concentrations realistes sur la secretion de mediateurs pro-inflammatoires par les macrophages alveolaires [Relationship of bronchial inflammation - bronchial hyperactivity: in vitro effect of ozone exp... | Wallaert, B | 1,995 | null | 0 |
52,394 | IMAGES: a three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere | Muller, JF; Brasseur, G | 1,995 | A new three-dimensional chemical transport model of the troposphere is presented. This model, named intermediate model of global evolution of species, has been developed to study the global distributions, budgets, and trends of 41 chemical compounds, including the most important species that determine the oxidation cap... | 0 |
57,554 | Sunlight--can it prevent as well as cause cancer? | Studzinski, GP; Moore, DC | 1,995 | # Excessive exposure to sunlight is known to damage the skin. However, the emphasis of most studies has been on the consequences of sunlight exposure to fair-skinned individuals, and the situation of people with heavy skin pigmentation residing in, or migrating to, geographic locations with limited sunlight incidence h... | 0 |
40,367 | Comparison of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and methacoline for the differentiation of asthma from chronic airway diseases with the use of the auscultative method in very young children | Avital, A; Picard, E; Uwyyed, K; Springer, C | 1,995 | Methacholine and adenosine 5'-monophosphate bronchial challenges were performed in 54 young children--39 with asthma and 15 with other chronic airway diseases (CADs), with the use of the auscultative method. Children with asthma were sensitive to both methacholine and adenosine; children with CAD responded only to meth... | 0 |
78,516 | Effect of a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist SC-53228 on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in dogs | Stevens, WHM; Vanderheyden, C; Wattie, J; Lane, CG; Smith, W; O'Byrne, PM | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,501 | Environmental health and Hispanic children | Metzger, R; Delgado, JL; Herrell, R | 1,995 | National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Services Organizations. | 0 |
468 | Update and revision of the air quality guidelines for Europe: meeting of the working group | null | 1,995 | World Health Organization. Within the framework for updating and revising the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, a meeting of the Working Group on "Classical" Air Pollutants was held at the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM) in Bilthoven, Netherlands, from 11 to 14 October 1994... | 0 |
76,220 | Children at risk from ozone air pollution--United States, 1991-1993 [reprint from MMWR 1995; 44: 309-312] | White, R; Rappaport, S; Lieber, K; Gorman, A; DuMelle, F; Maple, D; Bhawnani, M; Edelman, N | 1,995 | null | 0 |
41,853 | Effects of ambient ozone on seedlings of Fagus sylvatica L and Picea abies (L) Karst | Braun, S; Fluckiger, W | 1,995 | The effect of unfiltered versus filtered air was tested on tree seedlings at different sites with prevailing ozone pollution, at different altitudes. Growth and biomass data from different experiments were evaluated in relation to ozone dose above 40 nl l-1 during the exposure time. In beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), bioma... | 0 |
55,182 | Ozone depletion - the radiation equation | Madronich, S | 1,995 | null | 0 |
42,767 | Ozone-induced alterations in vitamin C concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of humans, rats, and guinea pigs | Crissman, K; Hatch, GE; Slade, R; Norwood, J; Koren, H | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,497 | Platelet-activating factor mediates the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage in guinea pigs | Kaneko, T; Ikeda, H; Fu, L; Nishiyama, H; Okubo, T | 1,995 | In the present study, we asked whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) mediates the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage. To answer this question, we examined the effect of a PAF receptor antagonist on the ozone-induced increase in airway microvascular leakage quantified by the extravasation of Evans... | 0 |
83,552 | Allocation of carbon in mycorrhizal Pinus ponderosa seedlings exposed to ozone | Andersen, CP; Rygiewicz, PT | 1,995 | The effect of ozone on tree growth and metabolism has been studied widely. Despite the research emphasis, relatively little is known about how the below-ground component responds when shoots are exposed to ozone, even though evidence suggests that ozone can affect roots more than shoots. Understanding how ozone affects... | 0 |
13,332 | Epidemiology of the effects of air pollutants on allergic disease in children | Carswell, F | 1,995 | Extensive studies now indicate that many atmospheric pollutants can provoke respiratory symptoms. Usually a complex mixture affects children but it seems that ozone, particulates and nitrogen dioxide are virtually certainly implicated and the organic substances released with dense traffic are likely to be involved. The... | 0 |
30,126 | The use of an unenclosed field fumigation system to determine the effects of elevated ozone on a grass-clover mixture | Wilbourn, S; Davison, AW; Ollerenshaw, JH | 1,995 | A mixture of Trifolium repens L. (var. Grasslands Huia) and Lolium perenne L. (var. Melle) was established in an area with low ambient ozone concentrations and exposed to episodes of ozone using a simple, unenclosed field fumigation system. Control plots were exposed to ambient air. There were two cutting frequencies t... | 0 |
91,936 | An acidification model (MAGIC) with organic acids evaluated using whole-catchment manipulations in Norway | Cosby, BJ; Wright, RF; Gjessing, E | 1,995 | The results from two whole-catchment manipulation experiments in Norway are used to evaluate MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater In Catchments), a model of ecosystem biogeochemical response to acid deposition. MAGIC is an aggregated catchment-scale model of acidification that has been widely used in assessment... | 0 |
35,394 | Interaction of ozone pollution and light effects on photosynthesis in a forest canopy experiment | Tjoelker, MG; Volin, JC; Oleksyn, J; Reich, PB | 1,995 | Ozone pollution may reduce net carbon gain in forests, yet data from mature trees are rare and the effects of irradiance on the response of photosynthesis to ozone remain untested. We used an open-air system to expose 10 branches within the upper canopy of an 18-m-tall stand of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) to tw... | 1 |
76,145 | Passive smoking and evolution of lung function in young adults An 8-year longitudinal study | Jaakkola, MS; Jaakkola, JJK; Becklake, MR; Ernst, P | 1,995 | null | 0 |
38,016 | The temperature dependence of the OH radical reactions with some aromatic compounds under simulated tropospheric conditions | Semadeni, M; Stocker, DW; Kerr, JA | 1,995 | The temperature dependence of the rate coefficients for the OH radical reactions with toluene, benzene, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, phenol, and benzaldehyde were measured by the competitive technique under simulated atmospheric conditions over the temperature range 258-373 K. The relative rate coefficients obtained w... | 0 |
24,628 | Continuous automated measurement of the soluble fraction of atmospheric particulate matter | Simon, PK; Dasgupta, PK | 1,995 | State of Texas Advanced Research Program; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #A new approach is introduced for the quantitative collection of aerosol particles to submicrometer size. The design and construction of a continuously operating system is described. Particles are continuously transferred to a liquid stream... | 0 |
52,749 | Hydrogen peroxide synthesis stimulates salicylic acid biosynthesis in tobacco | Leon, J; Lawton, MA; Raskin, I | 1,995 | Hydrogen peroxide induced the accumulation of free benzoic acid (BA) and salicylic acid (SA) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi-nc) leaves. Six hours after infiltration with 300 mM H2O2, the levels of BA and SA in leaves increased 5-fold over the levels detected in control leaves. The accumulation of BA and SA ... | 0 |
77,141 | Activation of eicosanoid metabolism in human airway epithelial cells by ozonolysis products of membrane fatty acids | Leikauf, GD; Zhao, Q; Zhou, S; Santrock, J | 1,995 | Research rept. Oct 92-Oct 95. | 0 |
80,737 | Exposure to ozone inhibits isolation-induced aggressive behavior of adult CD-1 male mice | Petruzzi, S; Fiore, M; Dell'Omo, G; Alleva, E | 1,995 | Instituto Superiore di Sanita; CNR-ENEL project "Interaction of energy systems with human health and environment." | 0 |
26,325 | Air pollutants and pheromones - a problem? | Arndt, U | 1,995 | Many insects and other organisms communicate with each other through ectohormones or pheromones. The specific molecular structure of these chemicals helps individuals recognize members of their own species and has far-reaching effects on their ecology. The hypothesis has been proposed that air pollutants are able to de... | 0 |
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