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int64
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1
38,206
Immunotoxicity and risk assessment: effect of temporal factors
Selgrade, MK
1,995
null
0
776,632
Towards unravelling the complex interactions between microclimate, ozone dose, and ozone injury in clover
Balls, GR; Palmer-Brown, D; Cobb, AH; Sanders, GE
1,995
null
0
26,430
Insect herbivores and gaseous air pollutants - current knowledge and predictions
Brown, VC
1,995
Since the mid-nineteenth century, foresters and entomologists have suspected that there is a link between outbreaks of phytophagous insects and atmospheric pollution. There have been a great many field observations from polluted areas throughout Europe, a
0
52,284
Evaluation of ozone precursor source types using principal component analysis of ambient air measurements in rural Alabama
Buhr, M; Parrish, D; Elliot, J; Holloway, J; Carpenter, J; Goldan, P; Kuster, W; Trainer, M; Montzka, S; Mckeen, S; Fehsenfeld, FC
1,995
The sources of photochemical precursors for ozone, primarily NOx (NO + NO2) and reduced carbon (CO and hydrocarbons), were evaluated using principal component analysis (PCA) of concurrent measurements of [NOx], [NOy] (total reactive oxidized nitrogen species), [CO], [SO2], [C3H8], [C6H6], and [O3] collected at a rural ...
0
29,997
The interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentration on photosynthesis in spring wheat
Mckee, IF; Farage, PK; Long, SP
1,995
This study investigated the interacting effects of carbon dioxide and ozone on photosynthetic physiology in the flag leaves of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wembley), at three stages of development. Plants were exposed throughout their development to reciprocal combinations of two carbon dioxide and two ozone ...
0
52,763
Localization of hydrogen peroxide production in Pisum sativum L using epi-polarization microscopy to follow cerium perhydroxide disposition
Liu, L; Eriksson K-EL; Dean, JFD
1,995
Cerium is becoming an increasingly popular reagent for histochemical localization of oxidases and phosphatases because it combines directly with reaction products to form fine precipitates of electron-dense materials that can be easily detected using transmission electron microscopy or laser confocal scanning microscop...
0
14,030
Transportation-related volatile hydrocarbon source profiles measured in Atlanta
Conner, TL; Lonneman, WA; Seila, RL
1,995
Samples representative of transportation-related hydrocarbon emissions were collected as part of the 1990 Atlanta Ozone Precursor Monitoring Study. Motor vehicle emissions were sampled in canisters beside a roadway in a tunnel-like underpass during periods of heavy traffic, Airport and aircraft emissions were approxima...
0
78,502
Contribution of secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor to the antiprotease defense system of the peripheral lung: effect of ozone-induced acute inflammation
Nadziejko, C; Finkelstein, I; Balmes, JR
1,995
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; California Air Resources Board; Health Effects Institute.
0
76,136
Effects of environmental ozone on the lung function of senior citizens
Hoppe, P; Lindner, J; Praml, G; Bronner, N
1,995
null
0
55,191
Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on tropospheric composition and air quality
Tang, XY; Madronich, S
1,995
Reductions of stratospheric ozone and the concomitant increases of UV-B radiation penetrating to the lower atmosphere result in higher photodissociation rates of key trace gases that control the chemical reactivity of the troposphere. This can increase both production and destruction of tropospheric ozone (O3) and rela...
0
80,820
Effects of chronic ozone (O3) exposure on vocal-fold mucosa in bonnet monkeys
Leonard, R; Charpied, G; Faddis, B
1,995
National Cancer Institute.Effects of ambient ozone (O3) on the respiratory tract have been frequently reported. However, little is known regarding possible effects of chronic exposure to O3 on the larynx or on vocal-fold mucosa. In this study, six bonnet monkeys were exposed to 1 ppm O3 8 h per day, 5 days per week, fo...
0
40,698
Estimating canopy conductance to ozone uptake from observations of evapotranspiration at the canopy scale and at the leaf scale
Massman, WJ; Grantz, DA
1,995
Stomatal uptake by vegetation is often the major sink for the destruction of tropospheric ozone. Using data obtained during the summer of 1991 at a grape vineyard and a cotton field in the San Joaquin Valley of California, we compare canopy (stomatal) conductances to ozone estimated (1) from eddy covariance ozone flux ...
1
35,251
Ozone generators in indoor air settings
Steiber, RS
1,995
This report presents information on home/office ozone generators. It discusses their current uses as amelioratives for environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) , biocontaminants, volatile organic compounds, and odors and details the advantages and disadvantages of each. Ozone appears to work well against household odors and E...
0
94,092
Air pollution and asthma exacerbations among African-American children in Los Angeles
Ostro, BD; Lipsett, MJ; Mann, JK; Braxton-Owens, H; White, MC
1,995
Clinical and epidemiologic evidence suggests that particulate matter and ozone are associated with exacerbations of asthma. African-American children, who experienced a marked increase in asthma morbidity and mortality during the 1980s, may represent a particularly sensitive subgroup. In order to examine potential effe...
0
35,255
Effects of ozone on calcareous grassland communities
Ashmore, MR; Thwaites, RH; Ainsworth, N; Cousins, DA; Power, SA; Morton, AJ
1,995
A system of 16 open-top chambers was used to investigate the effects of a range of ozone concentrations typical of those found in southern Britain on the species composition of calcareous grassland communities. Two experimental approaches were adopted: the first involved the use of artificial communities of species typ...
0
50,267
Ozone exposures within motor vehicles--results of a field study in Cincinnati, Ohio
Johnson, T; Pakrasi, A; Wisbith, A; Meiners, G; Ollison, WM
1,995
Introduction The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a general methodology for estimating population exposure under proposed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This model, the NAAQS Exposure Model (NEM), simulates the movements of small, homogenous population groups known as cohorts...
0
77,840
Surface wetness enhances ozone deposition to a pasture canopy
Pleijel, H; Karlsson, GP; Danielsson, H; Sellden, G
1,995
null
0
77,423
Dexamethasone inhibits ozone-induced gene expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in rat lung
Haddad, EB; Salmon, M; Sun, J; Liu, S; Das, A; Adcock, I; Barnes, PJ; Chung, KF
1,995
To address the potential role of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in airway inflammation, we examined whether MIP-2 may play a role in ozone-induced neutrophilic inflammation of airways and its modulation by dexamethasone in rat lung. Following ozone exposure, MIP-2 mRNA expression in the lung pe...
0
54,800
Ozone UV spectroscopy II Absorption cross-sections and temperature dependence
Malicet, J; Daumont, D; Charbonnier, J; Parisse, C; Chakir, A; Brion, J
1,995
Absolute absorption cross-sections of ozone have been measured at five temperatures (218-295 K) in the UV wavelength region corresponding to the Hartley and Huggins bands (195- 345 nm). The aim is to give to the users, a coherent set of data determined under high resolution. A comparison with previous work has been mad...
0
76,168
Red spruce and loblolly pine nutritional responses to acidic precipitation and ozone
Edwards, GS; Sherman, RE; Kelly, JM
1,995
null
0
37,898
Temperature dependence of the rate of reaction of OH with some aromatic compounds in aqueous solution Evidence for the formation of a "pi"-complex intermediate
Ashton, L; Buxton, GV; Stuart, CR
1,995
The rates of reaction of OH with benzene, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, benzoate ion and benzoic acid have been measured in aqueous solution up to 200 degrees C using pulse radiolysis to generate OH. The temperature dependence of the observed rate constant, kobs, is essentially the same for each compound and kobs change...
0
52,785
Overexpression of glutathione reductase but not glutathione synthetase leads to increases in antioxidant capacity and resistance to photoinhibition in poplar trees
Foyer, CH; Souriau, N; Perret, S; Lelandais, M; Kunert, KJ; Pruvost, C; Jouanin, L
1,995
A poplar hybrid, Populus tremula x Populus alba, was transformed with the bacterial genes for either glutathione reductase (GR) (gor) or glutathione synthetase (GS) (gshll). When the gor gene was targeted to the chloroplasts, leaf GR activities were up to 1000 times greater than in all other lines. In contrast, targeti...
0
40,691
Analysis of vertical ozone and nitrogen oxides profiles in a Prunus cerasifera canopy
Lorenzini, G; Nali, C
1,995
An automatic system was installed for continuous analyses of ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in an experimental orchard with a canopy of Prunus cerasifera plants in summer 1993. Air samples from three elevations (0.8 m, 1.6 m and 3 m above ground) were sequentially analyzed. Ozone concent...
1
52,308
Seasonal transition from NOx- to hydrocarbon-limited conditions for ozone production over the eastern United States in September
Jacob, DJ; Horowitz, LW; Munger, JW; Heikes, BG; Dickerson, RR; Artz, RS; Keene, WC
1,995
Concentrntions of O3, CO, NO, total reactive nitrogen oxides (NOy), H2O2, and HCHO were measured from September 4 to October 1, 1990, at a mountain ridge site in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. The data show evidence for a transition from NOx-limited to hydrocarbon-limited conditions for O3 production over the cour...
1
76,084
Function and response of type II cells to inhaled toxicants
Dormans, JAMA; Van Bree, L
1,995
A review is given of several characteristic features of the mammalian pulmonary type II cell, including morphological, morphometrical, physiological, and biochemical hallmarks. Specific aspects of surfactant, like synthesis, function, and ultrastructure, are described. Cell kinetics in vivo and the influence of toxic a...
0
76,268
The association of mortality and particulate air pollution
Samet, JM; Zeger, SL; Berhane, K
1,995
null
0
1,042
Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen to the oceans
Cornell, S; Rendell, A; Jickells, T
1,995
The input of fixed nitrogen to the oceans by in situ fixation, river/groundwater supply and atmospheric deposition represents an important control on marine productivity on long timescales, and hence on ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange and its effects on climate1-3. Any assessment of human perturbation of the global nitro...
0
58,999
Vapor pressure response to denaturant and water in E10 blends
Tmpe, RC; Wu, L
1,995
On December 16, 1993, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released the final rule on reformulated gasoline (RFG). This rule will affect the composition of as much as 45% of the gasoline used in the United States by the summer of 1995. The acceptance of any gasoline component lies in its ability to contribute...
0
26,659
Effects of stomatal conductance and surface wetness on ozone deposition in field-grown grape
Grantz, DA; Zhang, XJ; Massman, WJ; Den Hartog, G; Neumann, HH; Pederson, , JR
1,995
null
1
55,117
Atmospheric ozone variability in the context of global change
Kondratyev, KY; Varotsos, CA
1,995
A survey has been made of the role and place of atmospheric ozone dynamics in both the stratosphere and troposphere in the context of global change. Impacts on the ozone layer from solar activity (extraterrestrial solar ultraviolet irradiance variations), volcanic eruptions and high-flying aircraft have been discussed....
0
26,349
Production and utilization of assimilates in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) leaves exposed to elevated O3 and/or CO2
Balaguer, L; Barnes, JD; Panicucci, A; Borland, AM
1,995
This study examined the effects of elevated ozone (O3) and/or carbon dioxide (CO2) on the diel allocation of photosynthetically fixed carbon in fully expanded leaves of young (growth stages 4-5) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hanno). Plants were grown in controlled environment chambers and exposed to two O3 reg...
0
77,861
Ozone production due to emissions from vegetation burning
Helas, G; Lobert, J; Scharffe, D; Schafer, L; Goldammer, J; Baudet, J; Ahoua, B; Ajavon, AL; Lacaux, JP; Delmas, R; Andreae, MO
1,995
Ozone has been observed in elevated concentrations by satellites over areas previously believed to be 'background'. There is meteorological evidence, that these ozone 'plumes' found over the Atlantic Ocean originate from vegetation fires on the African continent. <br> <br>In a previous study (DECAFE-88), we have invest...
0
30,141
Ozone exposure-response relationships for mixtures of perennial ryegrass and white clover depend on ozone exposure patterns
Nussbaum, S; Geissmann, M; Fuhrer, J
1,995
#The effect of different ozone (O3) exposure regimes on yield and species composition of frequently cut mixtures of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was studied in order to assess the importance of intermittent periods with low O3, and to evaluate the need to use an exposure index tha...
1
78,505
N-acetyl-"beta"-D-glucosaminidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: characterization and response to ozone exposure
Poon, R; Vu, D; Vincent, R
1,995
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Fellowship in Canadian Government Laboratories; Health Canada.
0
79,600
Regional dosimetry of inhaled reactive gases
Miller, FJ; Kimbell, JS
1,995
null
1
76,081
The impact of ozone
Breslin, K
1,995
null
0
52,264
Reactive oxygen species in natural waters
Blough, NV; ZeppRG
1,995
INTRODUCTION Interest in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the environment was originally stimulated by certain atmospheric problems such as smog formation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and, more recently, acid rain. As a result of the need to underst
0
77,457
Biomarkers in nasal lavage as a tool for the assessment of health effects of photochemical air pollution A feasibility study with volunteers
Steerenberg, PA; Fischer, PH; Meyling, FG; Willighagen, J; Geerse, E; van de Vliet, H; Ameling, C; Boink, ABTJ; Dormans, JAMA; van Bree, L; van Loveren, H
1,995
#Experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of ambient ozone have acute effects on pulmonary function. These effects include pulmonary function decrements, respiratory symptoms, increased nonspecific bronchial responsiveness and inflammatory responses (3, 5, 6). Although it is presumed that th...
0
84,617
Toxicology of inhaled ethanol
Dinneen, B
1,995
null
0
14,552
Products of the gas-phase reactions of O3 with alkenes
Atkinson, R; Tuazon, EC; Aschmann, SM
1,995
The products of the gas-phase reactions of 03 with 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene, cyclopentene, and 1-methyl-cyclohexene have been investigated at room temperature and 740 Torr total pressure of air in the presence of cyclohexane or n-octane to scavenge OH radicals. Products were ident...
0
30,188
Short-term UV-B radiation and ozone exposure effects on aromatic secondary metabolite accumulation and shoot growth of flavonoid-deficient Arabidopsis mutants
Ormrod, DP; Landry, LG; Conklin, PL
1,995
The presence of UV-absorptive substances in the epidermal cells of leaves is thought to protect mesophyll tissues from the harmful effects of UV-B radiation. We examined the influence of short-term UV-B exposures on UV-absorptive (330 nm) sinapates and flavonols, and on shoot growth of the Arabidopsis wild type ecotype...
0
77,747
Pilot testing of trace metals removal with ozone at Snowbird Ski Resort
Nieminski, E; Evans, D
1,995
BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM RESEARCH ARTICLE GROUNDWATER DRINKING WATER TREATMENT CHLORINE SULFUR DIOXIDE FILTRATION METAL REMOVAL DETECTION LIMITS TASTE ODOR UTAH USA
0
82,683
Influence of ozone on haemoglobin oxygen affinity in type-2 diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease: in vitro studies
Coppola, L; Giunta, R; Verrazzo, G; Luongo, C; Sammartino, A; Vicario, C; Giugliano, D
1,995
The use of ozone in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozone on haemoglobin oxygen affinity in Type-2 diabetic patients with PVD. Twenty diabetic patients presenting with PVD (Clinical stage II-IV according to Fontaine) and 20 non-di...
0
78,554
Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by outdoor children in nine urban areas using a probabilistic version of NEM [draft]
Johnson, T; Capel, J; Mozier, JW; McCoy, M
1,995
null
0
77,429
Children at risk from ozone air pollution--United States, 1991-1993
White, R; Rappaport, S; Lieber, K; Gorman, A; DuMelle, F; Maple, D; Bhawnani, M; Edelman, N
1,995
null
0
90,173
The effects of wind speed and turbulence on the performance of diffusion tube samplers
Gair, AJ; Penkett, SA
1,995
This paper describes and presents the results of a study to determine the effects of wind speed and turbulence on the performance of diffusion tube samplers, for measuring nitrogen dioxide in the outdoor environment. Samplers of varying length were exposed on the University of East Anglia roof in order to determine the...
0
53,498
Mechanisms for the release of halogens from sea-salt particles by free radical reactions
Mozurkewich, M
1,995
A possible source of gas phase bromine in the Arctic winter and early spring is the sea-salt aerosol. In this paper, chemical mechanisms for the release of photochemically active bromine from sea-salt are examined. The first of these is oxidation of bromide to elemental bromine by peroxymonosulfuric acid (Caro?s acid) ...
0
45,228
Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS
Turpin, BJ; Huntzicker, JJ
1,995
California Air Resources Board; U.S. Olympics Committee. #Two-hour average organic and elemental carbon concentrations from the 1987 Southern California Air Quality Study were used to gain an understanding of the dynamics of organic aerosol formation and to quantify secondary organic aerosol concentrations. Five episod...
0
78,372
Pulmonary function testing in epidemiological studies of particulate air pollution: interpretive issues
Rodan, BD; Karch, NJ; Cordasco, EM; van der Kuyp, F
1,995
American Iron and Steel Institute.
0
82,647
Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems
Pickett, STA; Cadenasso, ML
1,995
null
0
30,140
Effects of nitric oxide and ozone on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Nussbaum, S; Geissmann, M; Fuhrer, J
1,995
The hypothesis that stress ethylene production could determine plant sensitivity to ozone was tested with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). The mechanism includes formation of radicals which induce peroxidative chain reactions. NO in the low ppb range could induce additional ethylene production. NO was added to three o...
0
44,110
Science Advisory Board; notification of public advisory committee meetings
null
1,995
null
0
78,478
Increased susceptibility to silicosis and TNF-"alpha" production in C57BL/6J mice
Ohtsuka, Y; Munakata, M; Ukita, H; Takahashi, T; Satoh, A; Homma, Y; Kawakami, Y
1,995
Tobacco Research Fund.
0
89,647
Die auswirkungen der oxidativen schadstoffe ozon und stickstoffdioxid auf die lunge: untersuchungen am zellkulturmodell [Effects of the oxidizing agents ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the lung: studies of a cell culture model]
Holz, O; Jorres, R; Magnussen, H
1,995
In experimental exposure studies with ozone or nitrogen dioxide a change in lung function and unspecific airway sensitivity was observed. These effects were paralleled by an induction of cellular and biochemical changes. The exposure of isolated cells in vitro led to a decrease in vitality, an increase in permeability ...
0
2,147
Acute effects of total suspended particles and sulfur dioxides on preterm delivery: A community-based cohort study
Xu, X; Ding, H; Wang, X
1,995
The acute effects of air pollution on preterm delivery were examined in a prospective cohort in Beijing, China. From early pregnancy until delivery in 1988, we followed all registered pregnant women who lived in four residential areas of Beijing. Information for both mothers and infants was collected. Daily air polluti...
0
39,075
Risk factors for recurrent emergency department visits for asthma
Dales, RE; Schweitzer, I; Kerr, P; Gougeon, L; Rivington, R; Draper, J
1,995
null
0
80,800
Interaction of air pollutants and pulmonary allergic responses in experimental animals
Gilmour, MI
1,995
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Asthma, which is primarily an allergic type of respiratory disease, has increased in the U.S. and Europe by 30% over the last decade. Air pollution may play a role in this rise, since during episodes of smog, hospital admissions due to asthma increase. Ambient air quality has gener...
0
80,799
Regional deposition of gases and particles in the lung: Implications for mixtures
Gerrity, TR
1,995
Considerations of the health effects of pollutant mixtures usually focus on the interactions of biochemically-induced events. For example, the effect of metabolic enzyme induction by one pollutant on the subsequent effect of another pollutant is often considered. Another important aspect of mixture interactions is the ...
0
92,071
A two-component mixing model for predicting regional episodic acidification of surface waters during spring snowmelt periods
Eshleman, KN; Davies, TD; Tranter, M; Wigington, PJ, Jr
1,995
A two-component mixing model of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is proposed for explaining two observed features related to the episodic acidification of surface waters during snowmelt periods: (1) maximum episodic declines in ANC are largest in high ANC systems and increase linearly with antecedent ANC and (2) relati...
0
80,760
Interaction of gaseous and particulate pollutants in the respiratory tract: mechanisms and modulators
Schlesinger, RB
1,995
National Institute of Environmental Health Sceiences; Electric Power Research Institute.Human contact with air pollution usually involves exposure to more than one chemical, and biological responses to the inhalation of polluted atmospheres likely depend upon the interplay between individual materials. Thus, characteri...
0
79,190
Guidelines for application of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology
Blair, A; Burg, J; Foran, J; Gibb, H; Greenland, S; Morris, R; Raabe, G; Savitz, D; Teta, J; Wartenberg, D; Wong, O; Zimmerman, R
1,995
The use of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology can enhance the value of epidemiologic data in debates about environmental health risks. Meta-analysis may be particularly useful to formally examine sources of heterogeneity, to clarify the relationship between environmental exposures and health effects, and to ge...
0
80,090
Ozone injury and ethylene diurea: first results on different species in Campania region
Postiglione, L; Fagnano, M
1,995
null
0
75,887
Toxicite respiratoire des polluants atmospheriques Revue generale et etude de la relation avec les infections respiratoires [Respiratory toxicity of the atmospheric pollutants State of the art and relationship with respiratory infections]
Leduc, D; De Vuyst, P; Yernault, JC
1,995
Respiratory toxicity of the atmospheric pollutants. State of the art and relationship with respiratory infections. The main primary pollutants released into the atmosphere are sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide and dioxide (NOx), particulate dust and in a less important part carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons an...
0
52,735
Relationship of antioxidant enzymes to ozone tolerance in branches of mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees exposed to long term, low concentration, ozone fumigation and acid precipitation
Benes, SE; Murphy, TM; Anderson, PD; Houpis, JLJ
1,995
Seasonal activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APOD, EC 1.11.1.11) and guaiacol-oxidizing enzymes (GPODs, EC 1.11.1.7) was examined in needles of 12- to 15-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) trees which received ozone (O-3) and acid precipitation treatment. Individual b...
0
39,993
Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies. Part IX: Changes in the tracheobronchial epithelium, pulmonary acinus, and lung antioxidant enzyme activity
Pinkerton, KE; Menache, MG; Plopper, CG
1,995
The effect of ozone on the respiratory system is not confined to a single region or a specific cell type. Ozone-induced injury can occur at all levels of the respiratory system. However, the effects of this oxidant gas throughout the tracheobronchial tree and the lung parenchyma can be highly variable. The doses of ozo...
1
76,197
Effects of urban air pollutants on emergency visits for childhood asthma in Mexico City
Romieu, I; Meneses, F; Sienra-Monge, JJL; Huerta, J; Velasco, SR; White, MC; Etzel, RA; Hernandez-Avila, M
1,995
The metropolitan area of Mexico City, Mexico, has serious air pollution problems. Although air contaminants may contribute to clinical asthma, there are at present no data on the relation between air pollution exposure and childhood asthma in Mexico City. The authors reviewed data on emergency visits from January to Ju...
0
80,753
Effect of lipid ozonation products on liposomal membranes detected by Laurdan fluorescence
Salgo, MG; Cueto, R; Pryor, WA
1,995
National Institutes of Health; Health Effects Institute. #We report here the influence of the lipid ozonation products, 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxononanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-aldehyde) and 1-palmitoyl-2[8-(5-octyl-1, 2, 4,-trioxolan-3-yl)-octanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-Criegee ozonide), on the phase d...
0
82,869
Ozone: a review of recent experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence, with notes on causation Part 2
Bates, DV
1,995
The first section of this concluding part reviews epidemiological studies relating to oxidant exposures. There are convincing data from the eastern section of the continent that ozone, in combination with aerosol sulphates and acid aerosols, is strongly associated with hospital emergency visits and inpatient admission...
0
26,442
Disappearance of spatial variability and structure in forest floors - a distinct effect of air pollution?
Bringmark, E; Bringmark, L
1,995
Small-scale spatial structure and variability are characteristic features of soils and are also of ecological importance. A few investigations show that predictability of the edaphic environment, at spatial distances relevant for the vegetative proliferation of plants, is essential for survival. The relevant scale for ...
0
35,356
Influence of nitrogen supply on the response of clones of birch (Betula pendula Roth) to ozone
Paakkonen, E; Holopainen, T
1,995
Clonal birch (Betula pendula Roth.) seedlings were exposed to slightly higher than ambient levels of ozone and different levels of nitrogen supply under open-field conditions in three experiments: (1) three 2-year-old clones exposed to ozone and 74/150 kg N ha-1 y-1 for two growing seasons, (2) three 2-year-old clones ...
0
80,742
A new mechanism for the toxicity of ozone
Pryor, WA; Squadrito, GL; Friedman, M
1,995
Health Effects Institute; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Ozone, with its high reactivity, is entirely consumed as it passes through the first layer of tissue it contacts at the lung/air interface. This layer includes the epithelial cell lining fluid (ELF)and, where the ELF is thin o...
0
38,956
[Letter to Dr John H Overton, US EPA, re monkey tidal volumes and breathing frequencies]
Moss, OR
1,995
null
0
80,645
An observation-based model for analyzing ozone precursor relationships in the urban atmosphere
Cardelino, CA; Chameides, WL
1,995
An Observation-Based Model (OEM) is described, which uses in-situ atmospheric observations to determine the sensitivity of ozone concentrations in an urban atmosphere to changes in the emissions of ozone precursors (i.e., volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides). The model is formulated following the concept of ...
0
80,726
Uptake and fate of ozone in the respiratory tract
Miller, FJ
1,995
Ozone (O3) is a ubiquitous pollutant with an array of established effects following acute and chronic exposure. Absorption of O3 occurs in all regions of the respiratory tract, but injury to the pulmonary region appears to be of greatest concern because of the susceptibility of this region to the development of chronic...
1
78,522
Expression of ICAM-1 in airway epithelium after acute ozone exposure in the mouse
Takahashi, N; Yu, XY; Schofield, BH; Kleeberger, SR; Scott, AL; Hasegawa, S; Spannhake, EW
1,995
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.
0
30,105
Effects of mist acidity and ambient ozone removal on montane red spruce
Vann, DR; Strimbeck, GR; Johnson, AH
1,995
Recent forest studies have established that high- elevation (> 900 m) populations of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) in the northeastern USA are declining. Because it has been suggested that changes in air quality are responsible for the decline, we examined the effects of acidic mists and ozone on several biochemical ...
0
43,253
Combined analyses of three southern pine species exposed to ozone and acidic rain I Growth and biomass responses
Flagler, RB; Barrows, CF; Chappelka, AH; Johnson, JD; Kress, LW; Reardon, JD; Fox, S
1,995
null
0
74,320
Near-infrared fluorescence sensor technology
Evans L 3rd; Casay, GA; Dai, D; Patonay, G
1,995
null
0
47,702
Ozone in the troposphere
Crutzen, PJ
1,995
null
0
76,086
Ozone alert follows cancer warning
Edwards, R
1,995
null
0
78,514
Taurine protects rat bronchioles from acute ozone-induced lung inflammation and hyperplasia
Schuller-Levis, GB; Gordon, RE; Park, E; Pendino, KJ; Laskin, DL
1,995
National Institutes of Health; Office of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities of New York State.
0
31,019
Ozone precursor emissions from alternatively fueled vehicles
Gabele, PA
1,995
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
0
80,029
The effect of outdoor air pollution on mortality risk: an ecological study from Santiago, Chile
Salinas, M; Vega, J
1,995
The aim of this ecological study was to investigate the effect of outdoor air pollution on the mortality risk of metropolitan inhabitants in Santiago de Chile. Cause-specific deaths by the day for the years 1988-1991 in Santiago de Chile were extracted from mortality data tapes of the National Center for Statistics. De...
0
80,418
Regulation of photosynthetic light energy capture, conversion, and dissipation in leaves of higher plants
Bjorkman 0; Demmig-Adams, B
1,995
null
0
52,860
The contribution of ozone to forest decline
Schmieden, U; Wild, A
1,995
More than 10 years of intensive research into forest decline in Germany has ascertained that the full extent of the visible damage cannot be explained by just one of the current hypotheses on forest decline. One of the prominent hypotheses is that chronic exposure of forest trees to ozone is probably one of the primary...
0
30,134
Morphological responses among crop species to full-season exposures to enhanced concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O3
Mulchi, C; Rudorff, B; Lee, E; Rowland, R; Pausch, R
1,995
Field studies using open-top chambers were conducted at USDA-BARC involving the growth of soybeans ('89 & '90), wheat ('91 & '92), and con ('91), under increased concentrations of atmospheric CO2 and O3. Treatment responses were compared in all cases to plants grown in charcoal-filtered (CF) air (seasonal 7-h mean = 25...
0
758,520
Alveolar lining layer is thin and continuous: Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy of rat lung
Bastacky, J; Lee, CY; Goerke, J; Koushafar, H; Yager, D; Kenaga, L; Speed, TP; Chen, Y; Clements, JA
1,995
The low-temperature electron microscope, which preserves aqueous structures as solid water at liquid nitrogen temperature, was used to image the alveolar lining layer, including surfactant and its aqueous subphase, of air-filled lungs frozen in anesthetized rats at 15-cmH2O transpulmonary pressure. Lining layer thickne...
1
36,326
Oxidative stress responses in transgenic tobacco containing altered levels of glutathione reductase activity
Broadbent, P; Creisson, GP; Kular, B; Wellburn, AR; Mullineaux, PM
1,995
A pea glutathione reductase cDNA was expressed in tobacco. Three classes of construct were used which gave a range of elevated levels of glutathione reductaee (GR) activity in the cytosol (GR32), chloroplasts (GR36), or in both chloroplasts and mitochondria (GR46}. In some transgenic progeny (T z) from self-fertilized ...
0
16,996
Large-scale pollution of the atmosphere over the remote Atlantic Ocean: evidence from Bermuda
Dickerson, RR; Doddridge, BG; Kelley, P; Rhoads, KP
1,995
National Science Foundation. Ozone acts as a greenhouse gas and controls much of the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. Photochemical production of ozone in urban areas (smog) is a serious environmental problem, but how far this process extends on regional or global scales remains a major unanswered question in atmo...
0
78,392
Sensitivity of seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh) to ozone in Great Smoky Mountains National Park I Exposure-response curves for biomass
Neufeld, HS; Lee, EH; Renfro, JR; Hacker, WD; Yu, BH
1,995
The response of seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) to ozone was evaluated in Great Smoky Mountains National Park using open-top chambers during the growing seasons of 1989 and 1992. Two separate sets of seedlings were each exposed to various concentrations of ozone (charcoal-filtered; 0.5 x (not used in ...
1
76,194
Modulation of Ca2+ influx by a mediator released from human tracheal epithelial cells exposed to ozone in vitro
Qu, QS; Chen, LC
1,995
null
0
78,187
Basic mechanisms of asthma
Boushey, HA; Fahy, JV
1,995
Results of studies of the epidemiology, physiology, histopathology, and cell biology of asthma have revised our conception of the disease. Epidemiologic studies have shown asthma to be an important cause of death, suffering, and economic hardship. Physiologic studies have shown that asthma is a chronic illness characte...
0
77,359
Classification of house characteristics based on indoor nitrogen dioxide concentrations
Lee, K; Yanagisawa, Y; Spengler, JD; Billick, IH
1,995
House characteristics determining indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO-2) levels were extracted from a large scale field study in the Boston area. In this field study, indoor and outdoor NO-2 levels and house characteristics were measured in three seasons: winter, summer, and fall. Data were analyzed by cross-table analysis to ...
0
773,021
Impacts of air pollution on far north forest vegetation
Alexeyev, V
1,995
As are other parts of the earth, aretic and subarctic territories are influenced by global, regional, and local air pollution. In Europe, the greatest load of airborne contaminants is observed in terrestrial ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula; in Asia, the greatest load is found in ecosystems of the Taimyr Peninsula, whe...
0
78,727
Ozone reactive chemistry on interior latex paint
Reiss, R; Ryan, PB; Koutrakis, P; Tibbetts, SJ
1,995
#The heterogeneous chemistry of ozone on interior latex paint was investigated in a tube flow reactor. The emissions of several polar volatile organic compounds(VOCs) including organic acids and carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) were measured while a glass tube coated with latex paint was exposed to clean air and ozone...
1
92,748
Base cation depletion and potential long-term acidification of Norwegian catchments
Kirchner, JW; Lydersen, E
1,995
Long-term monitoring data from Norwegian catchments show that since the late 1970?s, sulfate deposition and runoff sulfate concentrations have declined significantly. However, water quality has not significantly improved, because reductions in runoff sulfate have been matched by equal declines in calcium and magnesium ...
0
77,593
Associations between criteria air pollutants and asthma
Koren, HS
1,995
The evidence that asthma is increasing in prevalence is becoming increasingly compelling. This trend has been demonstrated not only in the United States, but also in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and several other Western countries. In the United States, the increase is largest in the group under 18 years...
0
39,062
Ozone regimes in or near forests of the western United States: I regional patterns
Bohm, M; Mccune, B; Vandetta, T
1,995
Similarities in ozone regimes at sites in or near forests of the western United States were investigated using hierarchical cluster analysis on a (63 x 17) matrix of frequencies of occurrence of 17 characteristic diurnal patterns in hourly ozone concentrations. Eight groups of sites with similar ozone patterns were ide...
0
78,494
Effect of ozone exposure on maximal airway narrowing in non-asthmatic and asthmatic subjects
Hiltermann, TJN; Stolk, J; Hiemstra, PS; Fokkens, PHB; Rombout, PJA; Sont, JK; Sterk, PJ; Dijkman, JH
1,995
1. Ozone is a major constituent of air pollution in the summer. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that there is an increase in hospital admissions for respiratory diseases 1 day after peak levels of ambient ozone. This may be due to an increase in the responsiveness of the airways to bronchoconstrictor stimuli....
1
95,781
Uptake of atmospheric 15NO2 and its incorporation into free amino-acids in wheat (Triticum-aestivum)
Weber, P; Nussbaum, S; Fuhrer, J; Gfeller, H; Schlunegger, UP; Brunold, C; Rennenberg, H
1,995
Five-week-old wheat plants were exposed, under controlled environmental conditions, to 60 nl l(-1) (NO2)-N-15 or to purified air. After 48 and 96 h of exposure, leaves, stalks and roots were analysed for N-15-enrichment in alpha-amino nitrogen of soluble, free amino acids. In addition, the in vitro nitrate reductase (N...
0