REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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54,077 | Laboratory and field investigation of the DNPH cartridge technique for the measurement of atmospheric carbonyl compounds | Sirju, AP; Shepson, PB | 1,995 | #The DNPH-coated cartridge technique for measuring carbonyl compounds was evaluated using large volume silica gel cartridges and Sep-Pak C-18 silica gel and silica gel cartridges. The silica gel Sep-Pak cartridge was found to be the best of the three types evaluated for determinations in relatively clean ambient air. A... | 0 |
77,433 | Nasal inflammatory responses in children exposed to a polluted urban atmosphere | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Garcia, R; Ramirez, L; Barragan, G | 1,995 | Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC) preadolescent children have been exposed to a highly polluted urban atmosphere most of their lives. The main objective of this study was to determine by nasal lavage (NAL) the acute inflammatory nasal influx elicited in these children upon exposure to three different polluted ... | 0 |
83,541 | Factors affecting streamwater chemistry in the Great Smoky Mountains, USA | Flum, T; Nodvin, SC | 1,995 | The Great Smoky Mountains in the southeastern U.S. receive high total atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen (N) and contain large areas of shallow, poorly buffered soils. Results from extensive surveys conducted in October 1993 and March 1994 showed that stream pH values were near or below 5.5 and Acid Neutral... | 0 |
78,481 | Are non-allergenic environmental factors important in asthma? | Abramson, MJ; Marks, GB; Pattemore, PK | 1,995 | <strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To review the roles of viral respiratory tract infections, environmental tobacco smoke and air pollution in asthma.<br /><br /><strong>DATA SOURCES: </strong>MEDLINE (1992-1995) searches were conducted for publications on asthma, environmental tobacco smoke, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and parti... | 0 |
80,793 | Air toxics and asthma: impacts and end points | Eschenbacher, WL; Holian, A; Campion, RJ | 1,995 | The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted a medical/scientific workshop focused on possible asthma/air toxics relationships, with the results of the NUATRC's first research contract with the University of Cincinnati as the point of discussion. The workshopwas held at the Texas Medical Center on 4 Fe... | 0 |
38,663 | Repeated exposure of humans to ozone: I. Pulmonary function and symptom responses | Folinsbee, LJ; Devlin, RB; Robbins, MK; Biscardi, FH; Abdul-Salaam, S; Koren, HS | 1,995 | We exposed 15 healthy young adult males to 0.40 ppm ozone for 2h/day on five consecutive days and again 10 or 20 days after these initial exposures. Subjects exercised at a level sufficient to produce a ventilation of appoximately 64 L/ min for 15 min of each 30 min. We measured spirometry, airway resistance, and sympt... | 1 |
41,689 | Decomposition and nitrogen release from leaves of three hardwood species grown under elevated O3 and/or CO2 | Boerner, REJ; Rebbeck, J | 1,995 | Elevated concentrations of O(3) and CO(2) have both been shown to affect structure, nutrient status, and deposition of secondary metabolites in leaves of forest trees. While such studies have produced robust models of the effects of such air pollutants on tree ecophysiology and growth, few have considered the potential... | 0 |
81,303 | Cardiac-cardiovascular reflexes induced by hydrogen peroxide in cats | Huang, HS; Stahl, GL; Longhurst, JC | 1,995 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; Taiwan, Republic of China. | 0 |
13,328 | What can we expect from epidemiologic studies of chemical mixtures? | Samet, JM | 1,995 | Determining the health risks of complex mixtures is equally daunting to toxicologists using experimental approaches and to epidemiologists using observational approaches. Accurate exposure estimation is essential in investigating the health consequences of exposures to chemical mixtures; random and non-random errors in... | 0 |
42,674 | Ozone and drought stress: interactive effects on the growth and physiology of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L) Karst) | Karlsson, PE; Medin, EL; Wickstrom, H; Sellden, G; Wallin, G; Ottosson, S; Skarby, L | 1,995 | Young trees of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were grown in 120 litre pots under two different ozone levels in open-top chambers for three seasons, 1992-1994. The ozone treatments were charcoal filtered air (CF, average 24 h seasonal mean 6.5 ppb) and non-filtered air with extra ozone aiming to track 1.5 times... | 0 |
75,966 | What we don't understand about ozone effects | Gong, H, Jr; Linn, WS | 1,995 | N/A. | 0 |
79,705 | Production of reactive oxygen metabolites by opsonized fungi and bacteria isolated from indoor air, and their interactions with soluble stimuli, fMLP or PMA | Ruotsalainen, M; Hyvarinen, A; Nevalainen, A; Savolainen, KM | 1,995 | Research Council for the Environmental Sciences, The Academy of Finland. #Changes in the levels of free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and the production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) induced by opsonized indoor air fungi and bacteria in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were measured, Moreover, modific... | 0 |
91,630 | Long-term trends in the chemistry of precipitation and lake water in the Adirondack region of New York, USA | Driscoll, CT; Postek, KM; Kretser, W; Raynal, DJ | 1,995 | Long-term changes in the chemistry of precipitation (1978-94) and 16 lakes (1982-94) were investigated in the Adirondack region of New York, USA. Time-series analysis showed that concentrations of SO42-, NO3., NH4+ and basic cations have decreased in precipitation, resulting in increases in pH. A relatively uniform rat... | 0 |
77,620 | Asthma and oxidant stress: nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors | Greene, LS | 1,995 | A considerable body of evidence suggests that oxidant stress results in inflammation and tissue damage in the respiratory system, and later in immune damage, and that individuals with lowered cellular reducing capacity are at increased risk to develop asthma. Reducing capacity in the erythrocyte is generated through th... | 0 |
42,785 | Bronchoscopic determination of ozone uptake in humans | Gerrity, TR; Biscardi, F; Strong, A; Garlington, AR; Brown, JS; Bromberg, PA | 1,995 | Measurements of ozone uptake efficiency in the human respiratory tract provide critical information toward understanding ozone dose-response characteristics. We measured ozone uptake efficiency by different regions of the respiratory tract between the mouth and bronchus intermedius in 10 healthy, resting, nonsmoking ma... | 1 |
52,221 | Measurements of hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in an urban basin in Colorado: implications for emission inventories | Goldan, PD; Trainer, M; Kuster, WC; Parrish, DD; Carpenter, J; Roberts, JM; Yee, JE; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,995 | Concentrations of a wide variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the C3 to C10 range, CO, NOy (total reactive oxidized nitrogen), SO2, and meteorological parameters were measured concurrently at a site on the western perimeter of Boulder, Colorado, during February 1991. The measurement site, located some 150 m ... | 0 |
70,461 | Air pollution and daily mortality in Philadelphia | Moolgavkar, SH; Luebeck, EG; Hall, TA; Anderson, EL | 1,995 | #Many recent analyses have reported associations between air pollution and mortality in U.S. cities. In this paper, we present the results of regression analyses of daily mortality in Philadelphia during the period 1973-1988. Pollution variables included in the analyses were total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur d... | 0 |
48,353 | Regional-scale boundary layer ozone variations in the eastern United States and their association with meteorological variations | Vukovich, FM | 1,995 | #Four regions (north, northeast, south, and southeast regions) were established in the eastern United States to study the variation of the diurnal maximum ozone concentration (DMOC) at the surface with the variation of certain surface meteorological parameters over two 31 day periods, 15 June to 15 July 1990 and 1-31 J... | 0 |
80,787 | Developmental exposure to ozone induces subtle changes in swimming navigation of adult mice | Dell'Omo, G; Wolfer, D; Alleva, E; Lipp, HP | 1,995 | Instituto Superiore di Sanita; Swiss National Foundation. Following exposure to ozone (O3, 0.6 ppm) from the beginning of neonatal life until weaning, adult CD-1 mice were tested in swimming navigation, a sensitive indicator for hippocampal damage. Control mice received a sham exposure. All mice were tested at 12-13 we... | 1 |
40,366 | Adenosine, methacholine, and exercise challenges in children with asthma or paediatric chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Avital, A; Springer, C; Bar-Yishay, E; Godfrey, S | 1,995 | Background. Bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine is present in children with asthma and other types of paediatric chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while hyperreactivity to exercise is more specific for asthma. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) is a potent bronchoconstrictor and, like exercise, may prov... | 0 |
93,774 | Canopy scale measurements of stomatal and cuticular O3 uptake by Sitka spruce | Coe, H; Gallagher, MW; Choularton, TW; Dore, C | 1,995 | Ozone (O3) fluxes, together with detailed multi-height micrometeorological fluxes of water vapour, sensible heat and momentum, have been determined for a 4 d period above a Sitka spruce canopy using eddy correlation techniques. O3 fluxes increased from - 0.2 Ag m-2 s-1 at night to between - 0.6 and - 1.0 Ag m-2 s-1 in ... | 0 |
78,491 | Indoor air pollution and childhood asthma: effective environmental interventions | Etzel, RA | 1,995 | Exposure to indoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and dust mites may exacerbate childhood asthma. Environmental interventions to reduce exposures to these pollutants can help prevent exacerbations of the disease. Among the most important interventions is the elimination of environmental tobacco smoke from the env... | 0 |
78,186 | Observations on asthma | Bates, DV | 1,995 | A review of the present understanding of asthma leads to the following conclusions: an elevated IgE is the principal risk factor in the development of childhood asthma; secondary exposure to a wide range of environmental agents (including indoor bloallergens) accounts for the variations in prevalence; prevalence (defin... | 0 |
77,334 | Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and staging | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
52,459 | A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions | Guenther, A; Hewitt, CN; Erickson, D; Fall, R; Geron, C; Graedel, T; Harley, P; Klinger, L; Lerdau, M; Mckay, WA; Pierce, T; Scholes, B; Steinbrecher, R; Tallamraju, R; Taylor, J; Zimmerman, P | 1,995 | Numerical assessments of global air quality and potential changes in atmospheric chemical constituents require estimates of the surface fluxes of a variety of trace gas species. We have developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC). Methane is not considered he... | 0 |
45,720 | Acidic particles and lung function in children: a summer camp study in the Austrian Alps | Studnicka, MJ; Frischer, T; Meinert, R; Studnicka-Benke, A; Hajek, K; Spengler, JD; Neumann, MG | 1,995 | Government of Lowe Austria; Fonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Health and Welfare Canada; Glaxo-Pharmazeutika-Austria. #Epidemiological studies have repeatedly demonstrated the effects of acidic particles on lung function. Three consecutive panels of children participating in a summer camp in the Aus... | 0 |
84,074 | Simulated effects of atmospheric deposition, harvesting and species change on nutrient cycling in a loblolly pine forest | Johnson, DW; Binkley, D; Conklin, P | 1,995 | The effects of atmospheric deposition (current, 50% sulfur (S) deposition, and 200% nitrogen (N) deposition), harvest, and species change (from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) to mixed oak) on nutrient cycling were simulated for Duke Forest, North Carolina, using the Nutrient Cycling Model. Based upon the literature, we... | 0 |
42,319 | Air pollution epidemiology: considerations in time-series modeling | Thurston, GD; Kinney, PL | 1,995 | null | 0 |
52,717 | Decrease in activity of glutathione reductase enhances paraquat sensitivity in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum | Aono, M; Saji, H; Fujiyama, K; Sugita, M; Kondo, N; Tanaka, K | 1,995 | Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv SR1) with decreased activity of glutathione reductase exhibited enhanced sensitivity to paraquat in the light as evaluated by chlorophyll destruction and electrolyte leakage from leaf discs. This result indicates the involvement of glutathione reductase in the tolerance of pl... | 0 |
39,055 | Ozone exposures near class I wilderness arears in New Hampshire and Vermont | Lefohn, AS; Manning, WJ | 1,995 | null | 0 |
53,534 | Structure and DNA sequence of the mouse MnSOD gene | Disilvestre, D; Kleeberger, , SR; Johns, J; Levitt, RC | 1,995 | Oxidative damage to the cell has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of disorders, including chronic inflammation, aging, and cancer. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) plays a major role in the protection of the mitochondrion from oxidative damage due to superoxide radicals and other excited oxygen sp... | 0 |
76,218 | Ozone toxicity in the rat I Effect of changes in ambient temperature on extrapulmonary physiological parameters | Watkinson, WP; Wiester, MJ; Highfill, JW | 1,995 | These studies examined the effects of exposure to near environmental levels of ozone (O-3) on the unanesthetized unrestrained rat as well as the influence of changes in ambient temperature (T-a) on the observed responses. Male Fischer 344 rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters that permitted continuous mo... | 0 |
83,420 | A comparison of measured and modeled ozone uptake into plant leaves | Wang, D; Hinckley, TM; Cumming, AB; Braatne, J | 1,995 | Ozone uptake into plant leaves was measured in gas exchange chambers using a mass balance and a variable conductance approach. The variable conductance approach was found to more reliably measure ozone flux through stomata. Measurements using this approach were contrasted with estimates obtained by measuring stomatal c... | 0 |
75,935 | Detection of hydroxyl radicals upon interaction of ozone with aqueous media or extracellular surfactant: the role of trace iron | Byvoet, P; Balis, JU; Shelley, SA; Montgomery, MR; Barber, MJ | 1,995 | National Institutes of Health; American Heart Association; Medical Research of Veterans Affairs.#As part of a study on mechanisms modulating ozone induced surfactant perturbations, we used the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping technique to determine the type and origin of radicals generated following ... | 0 |
77,446 | Modulation of mast cell functions by in vitro ozone exposure | Peden, DB; Dailey, L | 1,995 | Exposure to ozone has been reported to cause increased immediate bronchial reactivity to inhaled allergen in asthmatics. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether ozone induces either spontaneous physiological degranulation or enhanced immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated degranulation of mast cells, thus accoun... | 0 |
26,339 | Transcriptional activation of plant defence genes by short-term air pollutant stress | Bahl, A; Loitsch, SM; Kahl, G | 1,995 | The expression of defence genes was monitored by RNA blot analyses in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum cv. SR-1) treated with various air pollutants at realistic concentrations that prevail in urban areas. Six-week-old plants responded with an increase in the steady-state mRNA levels of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PA... | 0 |
52,726 | Plasma membrane redox enzyme is involved in the synthesis of O2- and H2O2 by Phytophthora elicitor-stimulated rose cells | Auh, CK; Murphy, TM | 1,995 | An elicitor prepared from the autoclaved cell walls of Phytophthora sp. induced O2- generation and H2O2 accumulation by cultured cells of Rosa damascena Mill. cv Gloire de Guilan. N,N-Diethyldithiocarbamate, a superoxide dismutase inhibitior, blocked H2O2 accumulation and caused a dramatic accumulation of O2- by elicit... | 0 |
77,431 | Air pollution and asthma: molecular mechanisms | Barnes, PJ | 1,995 | Air pollution, in particular that generated by road traffic, is a matter of rising public concern and has been implicated in the worsening of asthma. In this article, the evidence that air pollutants (particularly sulphur dioxide, ozone and nitrogen dioxide) can affect the airways of asthmatic patients is reviewed, and... | 0 |
42,802 | Strain as a factor in the magnitude and time--course of response to acute ozone (O3): a study of lung dysfunction and injury in Wistar, Fischer, and Sprague-Dawley rats | Costa, DL; Tepper, JS; Lehmann, JR; Winsett, DW; Hatch, GE; Devlin, RB | 1,995 | null | 0 |
14,587 | Defining the role of pollutants in the disruption of reproduction in wildlife | Hose, JE; Guillette, LJ | 1,995 | Although chemical exposure has been associated with reduced reproduction in certain North American fish, reptiles, and mammals, definitive cause-and-effect data are lacking in many instances. Because the increasing use and global transport of industrial chemicals pose significant risk to successful reproduction, method... | 0 |
2,397 | A new formula for fighting urban ozone | Reichhardt, T | 1,995 | null | 0 |
77,460 | Ozone-induced oxygen radical release from bronchoalveolar lavage cells and airway hyper-responsiveness in dogs | Stevens, WHM; Conlon, PD; O'Byrne, PM | 1,995 | 1. Ozone inhalation causes airway hyper-responsiveness and airway inflammation in dogs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether these effects are associated with increases in oxygen radical production from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. 2. Twelve randomly selected dogs were studied twice, 4 weeks apart.... | 0 |
25,263 | Air pollution and lung cancer in Trieste, Italy | Barbone, F; Bovenzi, M; Cavalleri, F; Stanta, G | 1,995 | Consiglio Nationale della Ricerche. #To investigate the relation between air pollution and histologic type of lung cancer, the authors conducted a case-control study among men who had died in Trieste, Italy, from 1979 to 1981 and from 1985 to 1986. Through the local autopsy registry, 755 cases of lung cancer and 755 co... | 0 |
52,730 | A noninvasive technique for monitoring peroxidative and H2O2-scavenging activities during interactions between bacterial plant pathogens and suspension cells | Baker, CJ; Harmon, GL; Glazener, JA; Orlandi, EW | 1,995 | Stimulation of active oxygen metabolism occurs during the early stages of interactions involving bacteria and plant cell suspensions. Although many cellular processes are known to affect active oxygen metabolism in plants, it is not known which of these factors affect active oxygen levels during plant-bacteria interact... | 0 |
76,212 | What does ozone react with at the air/lung interface? Model studies using human red blood cell membranes | Uppu, RM; Cueto, R; Squadrito, GL; Pryor, WA | 1,995 | #We exposed human red blood cell (RBC) membranes to low levels of ozone and measured the oxidative damage that occurs to the proteins and the unsaturated lipids that are present. Oxidative damage to proteins causes significant decreases in the content of thiol groups, the fluorescence of protein-tryptophan residues, an... | 1 |
13,336 | The role of indoor allergens in asthma | Platts-Mills, TAE; Sporik, RB; Chapman, MD; Heymann, PW | 1,995 | Part of Introduction. The recent NHLBI guidelines on the treatment of asthma included a clear statement about the importance of identifying causes of asthma and of recommending avoidance measures where appropriate or possible. This recommendation was based on several different developments over the last fifteen years..... | 0 |
52,958 | Influence of ozone and ethylenediurea (EDU) on growth and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in open-top field chambers | Brunschon-Harti, S; Fangmeier, A; Jager, HJ | 1,995 | Greenhouse and ambient air experiments have shown ethylene diurea (EDU) to be a strong and specific protective suppressant of ozone injury in plants. To examine how EDU affects plant responses to various ozone (O3) levels under controlled field conditions, Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Lit was treated with 150 ppm EDU ever... | 0 |
52,839 | Ozone-induced alterations in the accumulation of newly synthesized proteins in leaves of maize | Pino, ME; Mudd, JB; Bailey-Serres, J | 1,995 | We examined the response of leaves of 3-week-old maize (Zea mays L.) to short-term (5 h) fumigation with O3-enriched air (0, 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36 [mu]L/L). Older leaves and leaf tissue developed more severe visible damage at higher external O3 concentrations. To investigate the immediate effect of O3 exposure on the acc... | 0 |
78,743 | Measurement of organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones in residential environments and their relation to ozone | Reiss, R; Ryan, PB; Tibbetts, SJ; Koutrakis, P | 1,995 | Ozone and several polar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including organic acids and carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) were measured over an aroximately 24 hour period in four residences during the winter of 1993 and in nine residences during the summer of 1993. All residences were in the greater Boston, Massachusetts... | 1 |
76,131 | Decrease of blood cholesterol and stimulation of antioxidative response in cardiopathy patients treated with endovenous ozone therapy | Hernandez, F; Menendez, S; Wong, R | 1,995 | Patients with cardiac infarction show a decrease in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, which are beginners in the scavenger processes of lipid peroxide and superoxide radicals, respectively. In this study, we investigate the effects of endovenous ozone therapy on serum lipid pattern and on anti... | 0 |
42,467 | Pulmonary function response to equivalent doses of ozone consequent to intermittent and continuous exercise | Mckittrick, T; Adams, WC | 1,995 | The effects on pulmonary function of inhaling the same effective dose of ozone, as well as subjective responses during continuous exercise and intermittent exercise, were studied in 12 aerobically trained men. Each subject completed 1 h of continuous exercise at work rates that elicited a mean minute ventilation of 60 ... | 0 |
76,064 | Effects of cyclosporine A on ozone-induced pulmonary lesion formation: pharmacologic elimination of the T-lymphocyte regulatory response | Bleavins, MR; Sargent, NE; Dziedzic, D | 1,995 | To assess the involvement of T-lymphocytes in ozone-induced lung damage, CD-1 mice were exposed to air or 0.7 ppm ozone (1.37 mg O3/m3 air) in the presence and absence of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CSA). Mice were thus divided into four treatment groups for both the 4 and 14 day exposure times: 1) AIR +... | 0 |
83,744 | Nitrogen dioxide increases eosinophil activation in the early-phase response to nasal allergen provocation | Wang, JH; Duddle, J; Devalia, JL; Davies, RJ | 1,995 | Recent studies have suggested that exposure to air pollutants may sensitise susceptible individuals to allergen. We have investigated the effect of exposure for 6 h to 400 ppb NO2 on nasal airways resistance (NAR) and changes in inflammatory mediators (IMs) in nasal lavage in subjects with a history of seasonal allergi... | 0 |
77,448 | Medium and long-term behavioral effects in mice of extended gestational exposure to ozone | Petruzzi, S; Fiore, M; Dell'Omo, G; Bignami, G; Alleva, E | 1,995 | CD-1 mice were continuously exposed to ozone (O3) from 6 days before the formation of breeding pairs to Day 17 of pregnancy. The concentrations used were 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 ppm; the lowest-observed-effect levels for eye irritation and respiratory function are in the range of 0.08-0.2 ppm for both humans and animals (... | 1 |
16,226 | Stratosphere-troposphere exchange | Holton, , JR; Haynes, PH; Mcintyre, ME; Douglass, AR; Rood, RB; Pfister, L | 1,995 | In the past, studies of stratosphere-troposphere exchange of mass and chemical species have mainly emphasized the synoptic- and small-scale mechanisms of exchange. This review, however, includes also the global-scale aspects of exchange, such as the transport across an isentropic surface (potential temperature about 38... | 0 |
52,171 | Modeled response of photochemical oxidants to systematic reductions in anthropogenic volatile organic compound and NOx emissions | Roselle, SJ; Schere, KL | 1,995 | As an excercise in model sensitivity, the Environmental Protection Agency's regional oxidant model (ROM) was run for several simulations to study the impact of across-the-board reductions in anthropogenic volatile organic compound (VOC) and NOx emissions on the photochemical environment of the eastern United States. Th... | 0 |
82,544 | Ozone sun cancer: Molecular and cellular mechanisms, prevention | null | 1,995 | Contains selected contributions by participants in the conference held in Paris in May, 1994. | 0 |
83,765 | Effect of six-hour exposure to nitrogen dioxide on early-phase nasal response to allergen challenge in patients with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis | Wang, JH; Devalia, JL; Duddle, JM; Hamilton, SA; Davies, RJ | 1,995 | BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that exposure to air pollutants may enhance the airway responsiveness of susceptible individuals to inhaled allergen. METHODS: To investigate the effect of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on nasal airways resistance (NAR) and inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid, eig... | 0 |
629,624 | An assessment of the risk of chronic lung injury attributable to long-term ozone exposure | Winkler, RL; Wallsten, TS; Whitfield, RG; Richmond, HM; Hayes, SF; Rosenbaum, AS | 1,995 | This paper presents an application of a formal process for encoding experts? probabilistic judgments. The objective is to characterize scientific judgment regarding the risk of chronic lung injury to children aged 8 through 16 and to adult outdoor workers due to long-term ozone exposure in areas with patterns of exposu... | 0 |
81,176 | Environmental ozone field study on pulmonary and subjective responses of assumed risk groups | Hoppe, P; Praml, G; Rabe, G; Lindner, J; Fruhmann, G; Kessel, R | 1,995 | Lung function parameters (measured with a body plethysmograph) and subjective votes on irritations of eyes or airways were taken from subjects belonging to four assumed ozone risk groups and one control group (40 subjects each: senior citizens, juvenile asthmatics, forestry workers, athletes, and clerks). Every subject... | 1 |
76,149 | Effect of ozone on respiratory responses in subjects with asthma | Koenig, JQ | 1,995 | In the process of understanding the respiratory effects of individual air pollutants, it is useful to consider which populations seem to be most susceptible to the exposures. Ozone is the most ubiquitous air pollutant in the United States, and there is great interest in the extent of susceptibility to this air pollutan... | 0 |
40,700 | Nighttime exposure to ozone reduces whole-plant production in Betula pendula | Matyssek, R; Gunthardt-Goerg, MS; Maurer, S; Keller, T | 1,995 | For 20 weeks during the growing season, cuttings of one birch clone (Betula pendula Roth.) were exposed in the Birmensdorf fumigation chambers to O(3)-free air (control) or 75 nl O(3) l(-1). Ozone was supplied either from 1900 until 0700 h (nighttime regime), from 0700 until 1900 h (daylight regime), or all day (24-h r... | 1 |
42,677 | Effects of ozone on dry matter partitioning and yield of Japanese cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L) | Kobayashi, K; Okada, M; Nouchi, I | 1,995 | Rice plants were exposed to ozone in field exposure chambers throughout most of the growing seasons of 3 years from 1987 through 1989. Cultivar `Koshi-hikari' was used for the 1987 and 1989 experiments, and cv. `Nippon-bare' was used for the 1988 experiment. Ozone exposure was performed for 7 h from 09:00 to 16:00 h ea... | 0 |
78,485 | Acute effects of ozone on the pulmonary function of exercising schoolchildren from Mexico City | Castillejos, M; Gold, DR; Damokosh, AI; Serrano, P; Allen, G; Mcdonnell, WF; Dockery, D; Velasco, , SR; Hernandez, M; Hayes, C | 1,995 | The acute effects of ozone (O3) on the change in lung function before and after exercise was assessed in 22 boys and 18 girls from 7 1/2 to 11 yr of age tested up to eight times over a 1 1/2-yr period outdoors (under a tarpaulin) at a school in Mexico City. Ozone and particulates were monitored at an adjacent governmen... | 1 |
77,450 | Increased frequency of K-ras mutations in lung neoplasms from female B6C3F1 mice exposed to ozone for 24 or 30 months | Sills, RC; Hong, HL; Greenwell, A; Herbert, RA; Boorman, GA; Devereux, TR | 1,995 | #The National Toxicology Program recently completed long-term ozone inhalation studies in B6C3F1 mice and F344/N rats. Mice and rats were exposed to 0, 0.5 or 1.0 p.p.m. ozone by inhalation for 24 or 30 months. There was an increased incidence of lung neoplasms in B6C3F1mice. However, there was no evidence of carcinoge... | 0 |
26,388 | Effects of elevated CO2 and/or O3 on growth, development and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Barnes, JD; Ollerenshaw, JH; Whitfield, CP | 1,995 | Two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Alexandria and Hanno) and three cultivars of winter wheat (cvs. Riband, Mercia and Haven) were grown at two concentrations of CO2 ambient (355 Amol mol-1) and elevated (708 Amol mol-1)] under two O3 regimes [clean air (< 5 Amol mol-1 O3) and polluted air (15 nmol... | 0 |
46,186 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Detroit, Michigan | Schwartz, J; Morris, R | 1,995 | John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #In the December 1952 smog disaster in London, a substantial increase in mortality was closely associated with the increase in air pollution. Deaths from cardiovascular causes were elevated as well as respiratory deaths.... | 0 |
76,106 | Monitoring ambient ozone with a network of passive samplers: a feasibility study | Grosjean, D; Williams EL, II; Grosjean, E | 1,995 | Ambient levels of ozone have been measured at 46 mountain forest, desert, Class I Wilderness areas and other remote locations using a network of passive samplers. Typical values were 40-80 ppb (2 week samples) and exhibited temporal variations (studied for up to 1 year) as well as changes with elevation (studied up to ... | 0 |
76,225 | On the relationship between peak ozone levels and meteorological variables | Ziomas, IC; Melas, D; Zerefos, CS; Bais, AF; Paliatsos, A | 1,995 | #The main objective of this paper is to present analytical models relating maximum ozone concentrations in Athens area with various meteorological variables. For this purpose, 54 pollution periods, from the years 1987-1990, were selected and analysed. Each pollution period is covering a total of seven days. The evaluat... | 0 |
76,214 | Modulation of host defenses by exposure to oxidant air pollutants | Van Loveren, H; Rombout, PJA; Fischer, PH; Lebret, E; Van Bree, L | 1,995 | This report reviews the literature on modulation of host defenses by oxidant air pollution, and possible links with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. The notion of increased susceptibility to respiratory infections is primarily based on available animal data. Since the basic biological mechanisms of a... | 0 |
80,823 | Estimate of health impacts of acidifying air pollutants and tropospheric ozone in Europe | Lubkert-Alcamo, B; Krzyzanowski, M | 1,995 | Based on combined information available from air quality monitoring data and long-range transport models, European population exposure to SO2, NO2 and O-3 has been estimated. This information has been combined with the results of epidemiological studies assessing strength of association between the exposure and health ... | 0 |
772,576 | The effect of ozone, nitrogen dioxide or nitric oxide fumigation of cereals on the rose grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum | Jackson, GE | 1,995 | The performance of the rose grain aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum) on cereals, polluted for different short durations, with either ozone or nitrogen oxides, was investigated using a small chamber fumigation system. The parameter used to measure aphid performance was the mean relative growth rate (MRGR) which was calculat... | 0 |
38,898 | Physiology, morphology, and ozone uptake of leaves of black cherry seedlings, saplings, and canopy trees | Fredericksen, TS; Joyce, BJ; Skelly, JM; Steiner, KC; Kolb, TE; Kouterick, KB; Savage, JE; Snyder, KR | 1,995 | Patterns of ozone uptake were related to physiological, morphological, and phenological characteristics of different-sized black cherry trees (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) at a site in central Pennsylvania. Calculated ozone uptake differed among open-grown seedlings, forest gap saplings, and canopy trees and between leaves i... | 1 |
77,441 | Respiratory responses of asthmatics to ozone | Koren, HS; Bromberg, PA | 1,995 | Asthmatic individuals in the general population appear to be susceptible to disease exacerbation during summertime 'smog' episodes (ambient air pollution containing other pollutants in addition to ozone). Although controlled exposure to ozone causes acute decrements in lung function, asthmatic subjects are only margina... | 0 |
79,913 | Short-term association between air pollution and emergency room visits for asthma in Barcelona | Castellsague, J; Sunyer, J; Saez, M; Anto, JM | 1,995 | Fondo Investigaciones Sanitorias. BACKGROUND--Several studies have assessed the association between urban air pollutants and hospital admissions or emergency room visits for asthma with inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to assess the relation between levels of black smoke, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen ... | 0 |
77,421 | CD4+ T lymphocyte modulation of ozone-induced murine pulmonary inflammation | Chen, X; Gavett, SH; Wills-Karp, M | 1,995 | Inhalation of elevated levels of ozone produces a potent inflammatory response in the lung. The magnitude of this response to ozone exposure in mice is inbred strain dependent with the susceptible phenotype being exemplified by the C57BL/6J (B6) strain and the resistant phenotype by the C3H/HeJ (C3) strain. To examine ... | 0 |
180,344 | Effects of SO2 on the concentrations of carbohydrates and secondary compounds in Scots pine {Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings | Kainulainen, P; Holopainen, JK; Oksanen, J | 1,995 | Scots pine {Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce {Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings of open-pollinated progenies and clonal cuttings were exposed to various concentrations of SO2 (50-155 nl l-1) in several growth chamber experiments. No visible foliar injury was observed in any SO2 exposure. The total sulphur concen... | 0 |
77,444 | Simulation of the uptake of a reactive gas in a rat respiratory tract model with an asymmetric tracheobronchial region patterned on complete conducting airway cast data | Overton, JH; Graham, RC | 1,995 | Generally, the uptake of reactive gases by the respiratory tract is simulated assuming that all paths from the trachea to the most distal airspaces are equivalent. As this is not the case, especially for nonhumans, the adequacy of this approach to predict doses that can be useful in the fields of toxicology and risk as... | 0 |
76,161 | Changes in ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface | Madronich, S; Mckenzie, RL; Caldwell, MM; Bjorn, LO | 1,995 | The quality and quantity of UV measurements have increased greatly in the last few years. Variations among measurements from different instruments are diminishing toward the 5% level. Long-term trend detection is still a problem, with little historical data available for baseline estimations. Enhanced UV levels are cle... | 0 |
78,183 | Tighter ozone targets | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
30,247 | Vegetative growth of soybean as affected by elevated carbon dioxide and ozone | Reinert, RA; Ho, MC | 1,995 | #The effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Centennial) growth and biomass partitioning were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Soybeans were exposed to CO2 concentrations at 350 (ambient), 450, 550, and 650 l liter-1 (ppm) for 24 h day-1 for 5 weeks. Ozone tr... | 1 |
77,950 | Indoor air quality and the emissions of VOCs from interior products | Tshudy, JA | 1,995 | Indoor air quality (IAQ) has developed into an important environmental and health concern. IAQ legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise a part of the total concern about IAQ. Types and sources of pollutants contributing to IAQ are identified. Some strategies for r... | 0 |
80,752 | Bronchiolitis obliterans from exposure to incinerator fly ash | Boswell, RT; Mccunney, RJ | 1,995 | Inhalation of toxic substances in the workplace can result in a variety of respiratory disorders. One relatively rare sequela of the inhalation of toxic fumes is bronchiolitis obliterans, a condition characterized by fibrosis and narrowing of the small airways. Several substances have been reported to cause bronchiolit... | 0 |
77,482 | Differential susceptibility to ozone-induced airways hyperreactivity in inbred strains of mice | Zhang, LY; Levitt, RC; Kleeberger, SR | 1,995 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (R-816557); Center for Indoor Air Research (90-27); National Institutes of Health (ES03505; ES03819). #Individuals with heightened airways reactivity, such as asthmatics, may be at risk to inflammatory effects of oxidant air pollutants. In the inbred mouse, significant interstrain v... | 0 |
30,221 | Amelioration of ozone-induced oxidative damage in wheat plants grown under high carbon dioxide: Role of antioxidant enzymes | Rao, MV; Hale, BA; Ormrod, DP | 1,995 | O[sub 3]-induced in growth, oxidative damage to protein, and specific activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv Roblin) grown under ambient or high CO[sub 2]. High CO[sub 2] enhanced shoot biomass. The shoot biomass was relatively unaffected in plants grown und... | 1 |
77,154 | Bronchiolarized metaplasia and interstitial fibrosis in rat lungs chronically exposed to high ambient levels of ozone | Stockstill, BL; Chang, LY; Menache, MG; Mellick, PW; Mercer, RR; Crapo, JD | 1,995 | The cellular and tissue changes in the lungs of rats were studied using electron microscopy following 20 months exposure to a range of ozone levels from 0.12 to 1.0 ppm. Male and female Fischer 344 rats were exposed and morphometric methods were used to determine the volume, surface area, and cellular changes observed ... | 1 |
630,285 | The role of sea ice in 2?CO2 climate model sensitivity. Part I: The total influence of sea ice thickness and extent | Rind, D; Healy, R; Parkinson, C; Martinson, D | 1,995 | As a first step in investigating the effects of sea ice changes on the climate sensitivity to doubled atmospheric CO2, the authors use a standard simple sea ice model while varying the sea ice distributions and thicknesses in the control run. Thinner ice amplifies the atmospheric temperature sensitivity in these experi... | 1 |
7,626 | High concentrations and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the global troposphere | Singh, HB; Kanakidou, M; Crutzen, PJ; Jacob, DJ | 1,995 | OXYGENATED species in the atmosphere are important sources of free radicals and are intricately linked with the fate of nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are themsel es necessary for tropospheric ozone formation(1,2). With the exception of formaldehyde, oxygenated hydrocarbons have rarely been measured in the free troposphe... | 0 |
80,810 | Lungenfunktion und Pravalenz von Reizempfindungen an Augen und Atemwegen an Tagen mit erhohten Ozonkonzentrationen [Lung function and prevalence of irritations of eyes and airways on days with elevated ozone concentrations] | Hoppe, P; Praml, G; Lindner, J; Rabe, G; Fruhmann, G | 1,995 | In order to evaluate potential health effects on days with elevated ozone concentrations, lung function parameters and subjective votes on irritations of eyes and airways were taken repeatedly from subjects belonging to four assumed ozone risk groups and one control group (at least 40 subjects each) - senior citizens, ... | 0 |
101,566 | A Model Investigation of Summertime Diurnal Ozone Behavior in Rural Mountainous Locations | Zaveri, RA; Saylor, RD; Peters, LK; Mcnider, R; Song, A | 1,995 | The STEM-II pollutant transport, transformation, and deposition model has been used to simulate diurnal patterns of surface ozone concentration at idealized high-elevation mountaintop locations and low-elevation plains and valley sites. Two-dimensional hydrostatic mesoscale simulations, initialized with atmospheric con... | 0 |
77,436 | Acute respiratory effects of low level summer smog in primary school children | Cuijpers, CEJ; Swaen, GMH; Wesseling, G; Hoek, G; Sturmans, F; Wouters, EFM | 1,995 | We aimed to study the possible effects of exposure to a summer smog episode on the respiratory health of 212 school children. Furthermore, the suitability of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to demonstrate such effects was evaluated. Acute respiratory symptoms were evaluated by questionnaire and lung function was... | 0 |
75,834 | Comparison of pulmonary responses of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects performing light exercise while exposed to a low level of ozone | Horstman, DH; Ball, BA; Brown, J; Gerrity, T; Folinsbee, LJ | 1,995 | To determine if asthmatic subjects (ASTH, n = 17) experience greater O-3-induced pulmonary decrements than nonasthmatic subjects (NONA, n = 13), both groups were exposed for 7.6 h to both clean air and 0.16 m O-3. Exposures consisted of seven 50-min periods of light exercise (V-E = 14.2 and 15.3 l/min/m(2) for ASTH and... | 1 |
57,155 | Modeling ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface Part I: the sensitivity of ultraviolet irradiances to atmospheric changes | Forster PMDe, F | 1,995 | A discrete-ordinate radiative transfer model is employed for the prediction of surface UV irradiances. A wide-ranging sensitivity study is undertaken to show how changes to the model input parameters aged UV irradiances at the surface. The effects of surface albedo, surface pressure, aerosol, cloud, and ozone on the UV... | 0 |
13,538 | Atmospheric concentrations of carboxylic acids and related compounds at a semiurban site | Khwaja, H | 1,995 | Atmospheric gas- and particle-phase carboxylic acids and related compounds were measured during October 1991 in a semiurban site in northeastern United States. Formic and acetic acid were present in the atmosphere mostly in the gaseous form with less than 10% in the particle phase. Concentrations of formic acid and ace... | 0 |
13,333 | Air pollution and COPD (4) | Ayres, JG; Harrison, RM; Higgins, BG; Woodcock, A | 1,995 | null | 0 |
135,515 | Vertical Profiles of Ozone during the Emefs-I Experiment in Southern Ontario | Hoff, RM; Mickle, RE; Fung, C | 1,995 | null | 0 |
77,111 | Risk characterization of tropospheric ozone to forests | Hogsett, WE; Herstrom, AA; Laurence, JA; Lee, EH; Weber, JE; Tingey, DT | 1,995 | null | 0 |
52,456 | Empirical model of global soil-biogenic NOx emissions | Yienger, JJ; Levy H, II | 1,995 | We construct a global, temperature and precipitation dependent, empirical model of soil-biogenic NOx emissions using 6-hour general circulation model forcing. New features of this source relative to the latest published ones by Digrion et al. [1992] and Muller [1992] include synoptic-scale modeling of "pulsing" (the em... | 0 |
76,202 | Ozone-induced decrease of mouse tracheal potential is not secondary to cellular inflammation | Takahashi, M; Kleeberger, SR; Croxton, TL | 1,995 | Acute exposure of C57BL/6J (B6) mice to ozone (O3) causes decreased in vivo tracheal electrical potential difference (PD). To investigate the role of inflammation in this response we measured O3 effects in B6 mice pretreated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg), colchicine (3 mg/kg), or cyclophosphamide (30 mg/kg X 7 days). Mic... | 0 |
55,174 | Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on human health | Longstreth, JD; De Gruijl; Kripke, ML; Takizawa, Y; van Der Leun, JC | 1,995 | The increase in UV-B associated with stratospheric ozone depletion is likely to have a substantial impact on human health. Potential risks include increases in the incidence of, and morbidity from, eye diseases, skin cancer, and infectious diseases. Quantitative estimates of risk are available for some effects (e.g. sk... | 0 |
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