REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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78,182 | Ambient air pollution and hospitalization for congestive heart failure among elderly people in seven large US cities | Morris, RD; Naumova, EN; Munasinghe, RL | 1,995 | Objectives. Preexisting data sets were used to investigate the association between hospital admissions for congestive heart failure and air pollutants. Methods. Medicare hospital admissions data, ambient air pollution monitoring data, and meteorological data were used to create daily values of hospital admissions for ... | 0 |
94,117 | Photochemistry of ozone formation in Atlanta, GA--models and measurements | Sillman, S; Al-Wali, KI; Marsik, FJ; Nowacki, P; Samson, PJ; Rodgers, MO; Garland, LJ; Martinez, JE; Stoneking, C; Imhoff, R; Lee, JH; Newman, L; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Aneja, VP | 1,995 | Chemical measurements made during an air pollution event in Atlanta, GA have been compared with results from several photochemical simulations. Measurements included O3, primary reactive organic gases (ROG), aldehydes, PAN, total reactive nitrogen (NOy) and H2O2, with vertical profiles for primary ROG. Photochemical mo... | 0 |
26,333 | Responses of white clover to gaseous pollutants and acid mist: implications for setting critical levels and loads | Ashenden, TW; Bell, SA; Rafarel, CR | 1,995 | White clover plants (Trifolium repens L. cv. 'Grasslands Huja') were exposed to combinations of gaseous pollutants and acid mists for 15 wk. The treatments were (a) charcoal-filtered air (control), (b) 40 ppb NO2, (c) 40 ppb O3 with additional peaks of 2 x 3 h at 80 ppb and 1 x 1 h at 110 ppb O3 and (d) SO2+NO2+O3 (a c... | 0 |
77,438 | Short-term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiological time-series data The APHEA project: background, objectives, design | Katsouyanni, K; Zmirou, D; Spix, C; Sunyer, J; Schouten, JP; Ponka, A; Anderson, HR; Le Moullec, Y; Wojtyniak, B; Vigotti, MA; Bacharova, L | 1,995 | Recent studies investigating the adverse health effects of air pollution indicate that effects exist around and below the current national and international air quality guidelines and standards. However, the difficult methodological issues involved, and the diversity of analytical techniques so far applied, hinder dire... | 0 |
148,943 | A Direct Comparison of Throughfall Plus Stemflow to Estimates of Dry and Total Deposition for Sulfur and Nitrogen | Butler, TJ; Likens, GE | 1,995 | At a mid-elevation hardwood forest located near Ithaca, NY, bulk net throughfall (NTF) plus stemflow (SF) for sulfur and nitrogen were compared with dry deposition estimates of sulfur and nitrogen, using the inferential techniques adopted by the 50-station National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN). Total deposition (wet p... | 0 |
42,608 | Terpene emission and ozone stress | Lindskog, A; Potter, A | 1,995 | Monoterpene concentrations have been measured in four open-top chambers with Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). In half of the chambers used in this study the trees had been exposed to charcoal-filtered air during five summer periods, in the others they had been exposed to ambient air with additional ozone during th... | 0 |
46,150 | Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life | Martinez, FD; Wright, AL; Taussig, LM; Holberg, CJ; Halonen, M; Morgan, WJ | 1,995 | Background: Many young children wheeze during viral respiratory infections, but the pathogenesis of these episodes and their relation to the development of asthma later in life are not well understood.
Methods: In a prospective study, we investigated the factors affecting wheezing before the age of three years and th... | 1 |
77,445 | Respiratory effects of air pollution: the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to conduct research | Paoletti, P; Costabel, U | 1,995 | Investigation of the respiratory effects of air pollution were started in the late fifties after the important "air pollution episodes" in London, UK (1952) and in Donora USA (1948) [1, 2], when daily mortality increased on days with high levels of air pollution. These episodes clearly pointed out that urban air pollut... | 0 |
46,098 | Asthma -- 1982-1992 | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,486 | Neutrophils enhance removal of ozone-injured alveolar epithelial cells in vitro | Cheek, JM; Mcdonald, RJ; Rapalyea, L; Tarkington, BK; Hyde, DM | 1,995 | Cigarette and Tobacco Surtax Fund of the State of California; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. | 0 |
77,449 | Respiratory effects of air pollutants: experimental studies in humans | Sandstrom, T | 1,995 | #Epidemiological and environmental chamber studies in man, and toxicological studies in animals, have provided valuable insights into the biological effects, the mechanisms of action, and the dose-response characteristics of some major air pollutants. This review describes the information currently available on air pol... | 0 |
43,755 | Ambient ozone and loblolly pines | Reams, GA; Van Deusen, PC; Lucier, AA | 1,995 | null | 0 |
82,600 | Estimating human exposure to selected motor vehicle pollutants using the NEM series of models: lessons to be learned | Mccurdy, T | 1,995 | This paper reviews the use of exposure modeling by the Ambient Standards Branch (ASB) of EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. The Branch uses exposure assessments to evaluate health risks associated with attainment of alternative National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This paper examines the his... | 0 |
38,743 | Statistical response models for ozone exposure: their generality when applied to human spirometric and animal permeability functions of the lung | Highfill, JW; Costa, DL | 1,995 | Exposure of humans or animals to ozone (O3) alters spirometric and permeability functions of the lung. While these responses show clear concentration (C) dependency, the interactive role of exposure duration (T) has not been well defined. Ozone-induced alterations in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) obtained from... | 0 |
76,243 | Concentration- and time-dependent increase in specific airway resistance after induction of airway hyperresponsiveness by subchronic exposure of guinea pigs to nitrogen dioxide | Kobayashi, T; Miura, T | 1,995 | In the present study utilizing male Hartley guinea pigs, we investigated (1) the concentration and time dependency of the effects of subchronic exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on airway responsiveness and (2) the concentration and time dependency of the effects on specific airway resistance under room air (SRaw0). A... | 0 |
78,786 | A preliminary study on the relationship between outdoor and indoor air pollution levels | Drakou, G; Zerefos, C; Ziomas, I | 1,995 | During March 1994, a programme of simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements of ozone, nitrogen oxides, ultraviolet and visible radiation, air temperature and relative humidity, was conducted at a newly constructed laboratory building. Additional data included wind velocity and direction and other air quality measure... | 0 |
76,077 | Effects of ozone on some biological activities of cells in vitro | Cardile, V; Jiang, X; Russo, A; Casella, F; Renis, M; Bindoni, M | 1,995 | The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effect of ozone on the 70 kDa family of inducible heat shock proteins (HSPs70). We also performed tests to investigate possible toxic effects of ozone at the different doses employed. In human haematic mononucleated cells ozone at doses up to 20 micrograms/ml had no toxic ... | 0 |
52,867 | Effects of short-term ozone exposure on the carbon economy of mature and juvenile Douglas firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb) Franco] | Smeulders, SM; Gorissen, A; Joosten, NN; Van Veen, JA | 1,995 | Effects of short-term ozone exposure of mature trees were compared with those of seedlings. Both 25-yr-old Douglas firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and 3-yr-old Douglas fir seedlings were exposed to 0, 200 and 400 Agm-3 ozone for about VS wk and then labelled with 14CO2 to study the effect on net photosynthe... | 0 |
76,087 | Nonspecific bronchial responsiveness assessed in vitro following acute inhalation exposure to ozone and ozone/sulfuric acid mixtures | El-Fawal, HAN; Mcgovern, T; Schlesinger, RB | 1,995 | Air pollution may play some role in the recent increase in severity and prevalence of asthma, but the specific chemical components with the ambient pollutant mix that may be responsible have not been delineated. Since ambient exposures involve mixtures, it is essential to examine airway responses to realistic pollutant... | 0 |
26,655 | Effects of air pollution on the searching behaviour of an insect parasitoid | Gate, IM; Mcneill, S; Ashmore, MR | 1,995 | To assess the impact of air pollutants on the population dynamics of herbivores, the effects of pollutants on their natural enemies including predators, parasites, and pathogens must be evaluated in addition to direct effects and indirect effects mediated via the host plant. Insect parasitoids are an important group of... | 1 |
13,331 | Human exposure to air pollutants | Ashmore, M | 1,995 | Sources of human exposure. General points: 3.1. Determination of the risk to human health from air pollutants requires a knowledge of five basic factors:(a) the source and emission rates of the pollutant;(b) its dispersion and transport in the atmosphere;(c) individual exposure;(d) individual dose;(e) the adverse effec... | 0 |
667 | Air pollution and mortality in elderly people: a time-series study in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Saldiva, PHN; Pope CA III; Schwartz, J; Dockery, DW; Lichtenfels, AJ; Salge, JM; Barone, I; Bohm, GM | 1,995 | #The relationship between daily mortality of elderly (65+ y) persons and air pollution in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, for the period May 1990 to April 1991 was evaluated by time series regression, controlling for season, weather, and other factors. Mortality was associated with respirable particles (PM1... | 0 |
77,430 | Ozone stimulates synthesis of inflammatory cytokines by alveolar macrophages in vitro | Arsalane, K; Gosset, P; Vanhee, D; Voisin, C; Hamid, Q; Tonnel, AB; Wallaert, B | 1,995 | Ozone (O3) is one of the major irritant oxidant gases in photochemical smog. In the present study, the in vitro effect of low concentrations of O3 (0.1 to 1 ppm) was evaluated on cell viability and cytokine secretion by alveolar macrophages (AM) from guinea pigs and healthy subjects. Cell injury was estimated immediate... | 1 |
73,393 | Sulfuric acid aerosol followed by ozone exposure in healthy and asthmatic subjects | Frampton, MW; Morrow, PE; Cox, C; Levy, PC; Condemi, JJ; Speers, D; Gibb, FR; Utell, MJ | 1,995 | Health Effects Institute; National Institutes of Health; Electric Power Research Institute. #These studies evaluated symptom and pulmonary function responses of humans sequentially exposed to sulfuric acid aerosol and ozone. Thirty healthy subjects and 30 allergic asthmatic subjects underwent 3-hr exposures in an envir... | 0 |
92,072 | Soil nitrogen status 8 years after whole-tree clear-cutting | Johnson, CE | 1,995 | Previous research on chronosequences of even-aged northern hardwood stands has suggested that forest clearing is accompanied by large losses of nitrogen from the forest floor. The timing of the losses and the fate of a large fraction of the lost nitrogen are unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to study these... | 0 |
76,134 | Effects of air pollution on symptoms and peak expiratory flow measurements in subjects with obstructive airways disease | Higgins, BG; Francis, HC; Yates, CJ; Warburton, CJ; Fletcher, AM; Reid, JA; Pickering, CAC; Woodcock, AA | 1,995 | BACKGROUND: Evidence from laboratory studies suggests that air pollution can produce bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms in selected subjects, but the relevance of these findings to exposure to natural pollution is unclear. This study was performed to determine whether air pollution at typical levels found in ... | 0 |
77,281 | Climate change 1994: Radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
44,276 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies Part XI: Integrative summary | Catalano, PJ; Chang, LY; Harkema, JR; Kaden, DA; Last, JA; Mellick, PW; Parks, WC; Pinkerton, KE; Radhakrishnamurthy, B; Ryan, LM; Szarek, JL | 1,995 | null | 1 |
36,334 | A rapid change in ozone resistance of Plantago major after summers with high ozone concentrations | Davison, AW; Reiling, K | 1,995 | Ozone concentrations in Britain vary greatly from year to year. In the mid-1980s they were relatively low but in 1989 and 1990 the number of hours when concentrations exceeded 60 n11' was 3-4 times greater than In the preceding 2 yr. Previous experiments suggested that this might have resulted in an increase in ozone r... | 0 |
47,295 | An integrated environmental asthma model | Beggs, PJ; Curson, PH | 1,995 | ABSTRACT. Asthma is a significant public health problem in many communities. Symptoms of asthma occur as a direct or indirect result of many contributing factors, including influences from the natural and built environments, human behavior, and the adequacy of techniques used in its management. A model is presented to ... | 0 |
53,034 | Ozone sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris in relation to cultivar differences, growth stage and growing conditions | Vandermeiren, K; De Temmerman, L; Hookham, N | 1,995 | Exposure of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Lit to ambient ozone caused a 14% pod yield reduction in 1994. This yield loss was assessed by comparing plants that were protected against ozone by treatment with EDU (ethylenediurea) with unprotected plants, both cultivated in pots with a continuous water supply. The plants had expe... | 0 |
78,500 | Correlation between cumulative labeling indices measured in the terminal bronchioles and in the centriacinar region in the lungs of rats exposed to oxidant air pollutants | Lee, C; Rajini, P; Pinkerton, KE; Witschi, H | 1,995 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Indian Government. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed on 7 consecutive days for 8 h a night to 0.6 ppm ozone, 10.8 ppm NO2 or a mixture of the two gases. Cumulative labeling indices were measured in the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles and the adjacent centr... | 0 |
77,428 | Ozone and human health: is the air in Delaware safe to breathe? | Jolly, AT | 1,995 | null | 0 |
77,434 | Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research | Chitano, P; Hosselet, JJ; Mapp, CE; Fabbri, LM | 1,995 | In the present paper, we have reviewed experimental animal studies on the effects of the two most important oxidant airborne pollutants, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, on the respiratory system. The toxic effects depend on concentration and length of exposure, and are generally similar for both oxidants, with ozone operat... | 0 |
76,125 | Upper airway response in workers exposed to fuel oil ash: Nasal lavage analysis | Hauser, R; Elreedy, S; Hoppin, JA; Christiani, DC | 1,995 | <strong>OBJECTIVES: </strong>Among other constituents, fuel oil ash contains vanadium pentoxide, a known respiratory irritant. Exposure to ambient vanadium pentoxide dust has been shown to produce irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat. The usefulness of nasal lavage in detecting an inflammatory response to exposure ... | 0 |
46,188 | Short term fluctuations in air pollution and hospital admissions of the elderly for respiratory disease | Schwartz, J | 1,995 | Background - Several recent studies have reported associations between short term changes in air pollution and respiratory hospital admissions. This relationship was examined in two cities with substantially different levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2) but similar levels of airborne particles in an attempt to separate th... | 0 |
43,454 | Impact of temperature on oxidant photochemistry in urban, polluted rural and remote environments | Sillman, S; Samson, PJ | 1,995 | The impact of temperature on formation of O3 and odd niliogen photochemistry is investigated using urban-, regional-, and global-scale simulations. Urban and polluted rural environments are explored with a regional simulation derived from a specific episode in the midwestern United States. The simulations predict that ... | 0 |
79,215 | Recent advances in the estimation of population exposure to mobile source pollutants | Johnson, TR | 1,995 | The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed several computer-based exposure models applicable to pollutants which are directly or indirectly linked to mobile sources. Probabilistic versions of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Exposure Model (pNEM) have been used to estimate the exposu... | 1 |
79,374 | The state of the southern oxidants study (SOS): Policy-relevant findings in ozone pollution research 1988-1994 | Chameides, WL; Cowling, EB | 1,995 | null | 0 |
76,078 | Alteration of pulmonary macrophage intracellular pH following inhalation exposure to sulfuric acid/ozone mixtures | Chen, LC; Qu, Q; Amdur, MO; Schlesinger, RB | 1,995 | Recent studies have demonstrated that additive and synergistic effects on rabbit pulmonary macrophages (PM phi) function can occur after combined exposures to acid aerosols and ozone. This study investigated intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis and H+ extrusion mechanisms of PM phi from rabbits exposed to sulfuric acid, ... | 0 |
81,344 | Ozone: a review of recent experimental, clinical and epidemiological evidence, with notes on causation Part 1 | Bates, DV | 1,995 | Part I of this review is concerned with theoretical issues of ozone dosimetry, animal and cellular studies that illustrate the mechanism of action of ozone on living tissues, and with clinical studies. Animal studies have indicated that there are long term effects from low level long term ozone exposure. Clinical studi... | 0 |
77,226 | Associations between ambient particulate sulfate and admissions to Ontario hospitals for cardiac and respiratory diseases | Burnett, RT; Dales, R; Krewski, D; Vincent, R; Dann, T; Brook, JR | 1,995 | The association of daily cardiac and respiratory admissions to 168 acute care hospitals in Ontario, Canada, with daily levels of particulate sulfates was examined over the 6-year period 1983-1988. Sulfate levels were recorded at nine monitoring stations in regions of southern, and central Ontario spanned by three monit... | 0 |
76,061 | Neural and myogenic effects of cyclooxygenase products on canine bronchial smooth muscle | Abela, AP; Daniel, EE | 1,995 | null | 0 |
35,362 | Nitrogen supply as a limiting factor determining the sensitivity of Populus tremuloides Michx to ozone stress | Pell, EJ; Sinn, JP; Johansen, CV | 1,995 | Seedlings of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were grown at six rates of supplemental nitrogen (N). Five of the N rates were sub-optimal to optimal for growth, whilst the sixth provided an excess of N with no additional growth benefit. The biomass of plants stressed by ozone (O3) in open-top chambers was si... | 0 |
78,498 | Respiratory illnesses in children and air pollution in Copenhagen | Keiding, LM; Rindel, AK; Kronborg, D | 1,995 | Copenhagen Health Council. #The relationship between air pollution and the daily number of contacts (i.e., telephone calls and home visits) with or at Copenhagen Emergency Medical Service for children with and without respiratory illnesses was studied during a 91-d period (i.e., January 14, 1991, to April 14, 1991). A ... | 0 |
76,189 | Ozone exposure has both a priming effect on allergen-induced responses and an intrinsic inflammatory action in the nasal airways of perennially allergic asthmatics | Peden, DB; Setzer, RW, Jr; Devlin, RB | 1,995 | Ozone may play a significant role in the exacerbation of airway disease in asthmatics, either by priming the airway mucosa such that cellular responses to allergen are enhanced or by exerting an intrinsic effect on airway inflammation. Previous investigations of nonasthmatic subjects revealed that ozone induces both na... | 1 |
42,739 | Ozone-induced pulmonary functional, pathological, and biochemical changes in normal and vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs | Kodavanti, UP; Hatch, GE; Starcher, B; Giri, SN; Winsett, D; Costa, DL | 1,995 | Since Vitamin C (ascorbate, AH2) is an important airway antioxidant and is an essential component of tissue repair, and since acute (4 hr) O3 toxicity is enhanced by AH2 deficiency, we hypothesized that longer-term O3 effects might also be increased. Female Hartley guinea pigs (260-330 g) were fed either an AH2-suffici... | 0 |
80,812 | Ozone level effect on respiratory illness: an investigation of emergency department visits | Jones, GN; Sletten, C; Mandry, C; Brantley, PJ | 1,995 | Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals; Office of public Health; Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. This project examined the relationship of daily ozone (O3) levels to the number of respiratory-related emergency department (ED) visits. The confounding effects of temperature, humidity, mold, and polle... | 0 |
76,074 | Pollution: does it cause asthma? | Burr, ML | 1,995 | N/A. | 0 |
9,760 | Crop losses from air pollutants: a GIS regional analysis and statewide crop losses from air pollutants [final report] | Mutters, R; Soret, S | 1,995 | The objective of this project was to develop statewide crop-by-county estimated for ozone-caused yield losses in 1991 and 1992, and to expand the methodological basis of the California Air Resources Board's Crop Loss Assessment Program by using GIS techniques to disaggregate the data used to estimate yield losses in Ca... | 0 |
38,895 | Ambient ozone (O3) and adverse crop response: A unified view of cause and effect | Krupa, SV; Grunhage, L; Jager, HJ; Nosal, M; Manning, WJ; Legge, AH; Hanewald, K | 1,995 | This paper presents a cohesive view of the dynamics of ambient O(3) exposure and adverse crop response relationships, coupling the properties of photochemical O(3) production, flux of O(3) from the atmosphere into crop canopies and the crop response per se. The results from two independent approaches ((a) statistical a... | 1 |
57,471 | Action spectrum for photocarcinogenesis | De Gruijl, FR | 1,995 | null | 0 |
79,481 | Traffic-related air pollution: exposure and health effects in Copenhagen street cleaners and cemetery workers | Raaschou-Nielsen, O; Nielsen, ML; Gehl, J | 1,995 | Municipality of Copenhagen; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; Plums Okologifond foundation. #This questionnaire-based study found a significantly higher prevalence of chronic bronchitis, asthma, and several other symptoms in 116 Copenhagen street cleaners who were exposed to traffic-related air pollution at level... | 0 |
76,203 | Ozone exposure suppresses epithelium-dependent relaxation in feline airway | Takata, S; Aizawa, H; Inoue, H; Koto, H; Hara, N | 1,995 | We examined the effect of exposure to ozone on the epithelium-dependent relaxation (EpDR) of bronchioles evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in a feline model with hyperresponsive airways induced by exposure to ozone. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring the increases in total pulmonary resistance (... | 0 |
54,644 | Prolonged pulmonary vasodilator action of inhaled nitric oxide by Zaprinast in awake lambs | Ichinose, F; Adrie, C; Hurford, WE; Zapol, WM | 1,995 | Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to selectively dilate the pulmonary vasculature. Zaprinast, an inhibitor of guanosine 3 ',5'-cyclic monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase, augments smooth muscle relaxation induced by endothelium-dependent vasodilators. The present study was designed to determine whether intr... | 0 |
48,295 | Vertical transport by convective clouds: comparisons of three modeling approaches | Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Tao, WK; Rood, RB; Mcnamara, DP; Molod, AM | 1,995 | #We have performed a preliminary comparison of the GEOS-1 (Goddard Earth Observing System) data assimilation system convective cloud mass fluxes with fluxes from a cloud-resolving model (the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model, GCE.) A squall line case study (10-11 June 1985 Oklahoma PRESTORM episode) is the basis of the co... | 0 |
77,479 | Tropospheric ozone: respiratory effects and Australian air quality goals | Woodward, A; Guest, C; Steer, K; Harman, A; Scicchitano, R; Pisaniello, D; Calder, I; Mcmichael, A | 1,995 | <strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To review the health effects of tropospheric ozone and discuss the implications for public health policy.<br /><br /><strong>DESIGN: </strong>Literature review and consultation with scientists in Australia and overseas. Papers in English or with English language abstracts were identified by ... | 0 |
80,786 | Health effects of acid aerosols | Wyzga, RE; Folinsbee, LJ | 1,995 | Earlier in this century, a number of severe episodes clearly demonstrated that air pollution can affect human health; these included documented increases in mortality and morbidity. Although health was clearly affected during these episodes and acidity is a candidate for the responsible agent, it has been difficult to ... | 0 |
76,163 | Importance of impairment of the airway epithelium for ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs | Matsubara, S; Fushimi, K; Kaminuma, O; Kikkawa, H; Shimazu, N; Iwasaki, H; Ikezawa, K | 1,995 | We examined the relationship between ozone (O3)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in guinea pigs. Inhalation of methacholine (MCh) was adopted in the time course study of AHR that was assessed by measuring pulmonary inflation pressure after O3 exposure (3 ppm, for 2 hr) because the degree of AHR... | 0 |
36,328 | Differential accumulation of antioxidant mRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to ozone | Conklin, PL; Last, RL | 1,995 | Antioxidant isoenzymes function to eliminate free radicals and are localized to several different subcellular compartments within the plant cell. In Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to ozone O(3), we have monitored the accumulation of mRNAs encoding both cytosolic and chloroplastic antioxidant isoenzymes. Two different O(3... | 0 |
75,481 | When measurement errors correlate with truth: Surprising effects of nondifferential misclassification | Wacholder, S | 1,995 | Most of the literature on the effect of nondifferential misclas-sification and errors in variables either addresses binary exposure variables or discusses continuous variables in the classical error model, where the error is assumed to be uncorrelated with the true value. In both of these situations, an imperfectly mea... | 0 |
76,217 | Cellular kinetics in the lungs of aging Fischer 344 rats after acute exposure to ozone | Vincent, R; Adamson, IYR | 1,995 | Lung repair in aging Fischer 344 male rats was investigated after an acute inhalation exposure to ozone Adult (9-month-old) and senescent (24-month-old) rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for a single period of 6 hours, and thereafter studied over 5 days of recovery in clean air. The animals were given intraperitoneal ... | 0 |
78,503 | Inhibition of macrophages with gadolinium chloride abrogates ozone-induced pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production | Pendino, KJ; Meidhof, TM; Heck, DE; Laskin, JD; Laskin, DL | 1,995 | Burroughs Wellcome; National Institutes of Health; American Lung Association. | 0 |
78,526 | Effects of ozone on the epithelial and inflammatory responses in the airways: role of tumor necrosis factor | Young, C; Bhalla, DK | 1,995 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. | 0 |
39,061 | Assessment of ozone exposures in the greater metropolitan Toronto area | Liu, LJS; Koutrakis, P; Leech, J; Broder, I | 1,995 | An ozone (O-3) exposure assessment study was conducted in Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the winter and summer of 1992. A new passive O-3 sampler developed by Harvard was used to measure indoor, outdoor, and personal O-3 concentrations. Measurements were taken weekly and daily during the winter and summer, respectivel... | 1 |
76,146 | Role of C fibers in physiological responses to ozone in rats | Jimba, M; Skornik, WA; Killingsworth, CR; Long, NC; Brain, JD; Shore, SA | 1,995 | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of C fibers in airway responsiveness after exposure to ozone (O3) in rats. The role of C fibers in the decreases in heart rate (HR) and core body temperature (Tc) that occur after inhalation of O3 was also examined. Neonatal rats were treated with capsaicin (Cap) or th... | 0 |
39,057 | Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature forest trees | Mclaughlin, SB; Downing, DJ | 1,995 | null | 0 |
40,396 | A prospective longitudinal study of methacholine airway responsiveness as a predictor of pulmonary-function decline: the Normative Aging Study | O'Connor, GT; Sparrow, D; Weiss, ST | 1,995 | #It has been hypothesized that nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness is a risk factor for accelerated pulmonary-function decline during aging and the development of chronic airflow obstruction. We tested this hypothesis in a prospective, longitudinal study of 912 middle-aged and older men (median age, 60 yr; range, 41... | 0 |
9,214 | Phagocytosis and chemotaxis of rat alveolar macrophages after a combined or separate exposure to ozone and carbon black | Creutzenberg, O; Bellmann, B; Klingebiel, R; Heinrich, U; Muhle, H | 1,995 | Male Wistar rats were treated by ozone or carbon black (CB) alone as well as in combination. Intratracheal instillation with various amounts of CB was followed either by an acute 7-day or subchronic 2-month ozone exposure (0.5 ppm). Two functional parameters were investigated in alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveola... | 0 |
26,467 | Predisposition of trees by air pollutants to low temperatures and moisture stress | Chappelka, AH; Freer-Smith, PH | 1,995 | Air pollution can have direct effects on trees. It can cause visible injury to foliage and a disruption of physiological processes, such as photosynthesis and carbon allocation, leading to losses in growth and productivity. This review suggests that of equal or greater importance is the potential of air pollutants to i... | 0 |
78,290 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies Part VI Background and project design | Boorman, GA; Catalano, PJ; Jacobson, BJ; Kaden, DA; Mellick, PW; Nauss, KM; Ryan, LM | 1,995 | Health Effects Institute. | 0 |
47,462 | A comparison of two radiation schemes for calculating ultraviolet radiation | Forster, PMD; Shine, KP | 1,995 | SUMMARY Increases in ultraviolet radiation (UV) caused by ozone depletion in the stratosphere are expected to have physiological effects on plants and animals. Biologists require that the UV data have high wavelength resolution to assess these effects adequately. Numerical simulations of scattering and absorpti... | 0 |
44,274 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies. Part VIII: Morphometric analysis of structural alterations in alveolar regions | Chang, LY; Stockstill, BL; Menache, MG; Mercer, RR; Crapo, JD | 1,995 | Morphometric techniques were used to examine cellular and tissue changes occurring in male and female rat lungs exposed to ozone for a prolonged time. F344/N rats were exposed to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 parts per million (ppm)* ozone for six hours per day, five days per week, for 20 months. Changes in cell volume, cell su... | 1 |
30,125 | Environmental control of ozone uptake in Larix decidua Mill: A comparison between different altitudes | Wieser, G; Havranek, WM | 1,995 | We studied ozone (O3) uptake by European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) needles under ambient conditions at both a low and a high elevation site. At a given ambient O3 concentration, the rate of 03 uptake by needles was effectively controlled by stomatal conductance and, hence, by factors such as light, humidity and water... | 1 |
35,468 | Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation: black and organic carbon | Penner, JE | 1,995 | Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere both scatter and absorb solar radiation. The absorbing component, generally referred to as black carbon (BC), is mainly soot produced by incomplete combustion. The scattering component associated with condensed organic compounds is generally referred to as organic carbon (OC) or... | 0 |
81,342 | Cytogenetic analyses of the in vitro and in vivo responses of murine cells to peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) | Kligerman, AD; Mottus, K; Erexson, GL | 1,995 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is one of a class of common air pollutant formed by the action of sunlight on volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. PAN has been shown to be a bacterial mutagen. To determine if PAN can cause DNA damage in mammalian cells, we exposed murine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to var... | 0 |
44,148 | Proportion of moderately exercising individuals responding to low-level, multi-hour ozone exposure | Mcdonnell, WF; Stewart, PW; Andreoni, S; Smith, MV | 1,995 | null | 0 |
13,093 | Effects of nitric acid vapor and ozone on the repsonse to inhaled allergen in allergic asthmatic subjects | Balmes, JR; Chen, LL; Scannell, CH; Tager, I; Finkbeiner, WE | 1,995 | Although epidemiologic data suggest that people with asthma are at increased risk of exacerbations due to elevated ozone levels, controlled human exposure studies have not consistantly shown asthmatic subjects to be more sensitive to ozone. A possible explanation for this discrepancy may be that ozone increases the res... | 0 |
41,862 | Carbon allocation and partitioning in aspen clones varying in sensitivity to tropospheric ozone | Coleman, MD; Dickson, RE; Isebrands, JG; Karnosky, DF | 1,995 | Summary Clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were identified that differ in biomass production in response to O3 exposure. 14Carbon tracer studies were used to determine if the differences in biomass response were linked to shifts in carbon allocation and carbon partitioning patterns. Rooted cuttings from thre... | 0 |
47,736 | Transport climatology of tropospheric ozone: Bermuda, 1988-1991 | Moody, JL; Oltmans, SJ; Levy H, II; Merrill, JT | 1,995 | We determined the major transport patterns for Bermuda and quantified the degree to which they influenced variability in ozone concentrations by applying cluster analysis to isentropic trajectories from September 1988, through September 1991. Concentration distributions of ozone associated with these transport patterns... | 0 |
77,951 | Weekday vs weekend ambient ozone concentrations: discussion and hypotheses with focus on northern California | Altshuler, SL; Arcado, TD; Lawson, DR | 1,995 | Since the early 1970s, researchers and data analysts have reported differences between weekday and weekend ozone concentrations, with higher ozone concentrations occurring on Sundays in some locations. At that time, the phenomenon was referred to as the ''Sunday effect.'' In the late 1980s, additional papers focused on... | 0 |
77,440 | Ozone-induced tissue injury and changes in antioxidant homeostasis in normal and ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs | Kodavanti, UP; Costa, DL; Dreher, KL; Crissman, K; Hatch, GE | 1,995 | It has been reported previously that ozone (O3) toxicity from acute (4 hr) exposure is enhanced by ascorbate (AH2) deficiency in guinea pigs. We hypothesized that lung injury from continuous 1-week O3 exposure would also be increased under conditions of AH2 deficiency because of (1) a diminished antioxidant pool to co... | 1 |
86,740 | Evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients for ozone sensitivity: validation of health advisories | Gong, H, Jr; Tierney, DF | 1,995 | e found that small but statistically significant losses in lung function (forced expired volume in one second, FEV1) resulted from exposure to ozone (O ) for 4 hr including exercise for 50% of the time at a ventilation rate averaging 20 1/min. These O3 related losses were not clearly different between volunteers with s... | 0 |
77,463 | Genetic control of susceptibility to ozone-induced changes in mouse tracheal electrophysiology | Takahashi, M; Kleeberger, SR; Croxton, TL | 1,995 | Genetic factors influence the responses of humans and rodents to ozone (O3) inhalation. We previously demonstrated differential O3-induced decreases of tracheal potential (VT) in C57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3) strain mice. To characterize the genetic basis of this strain-specific response, we measured VT in progeny of ... | 0 |
55,071 | Greenhouse effects of aircraft emissions as calculated by a radiative transfer model | Fortuin, JPF; van Dorland, R; Wauben, WMF; Kelder, H | 1,995 | ABSTRACT With a radiative transfer model, assessments are made of the radiative forcing in northern mid-latitudes due to aircraft emissions up to 1990. Considered are the direct climate effects from the major combustion products carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor and sulfur dioxide, as well as the indir... | 0 |
76,208 | Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness: role of superoxide anions, NEP, and BK receptors | Tsukagoshi, H; Haddad, EB; Sun, J; Barnes, PJ; Chung, KF | 1,995 | We investigated the role of reactive oxygen species in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in Brown Norway rats. Airway responsiveness to inhaled acetylcholine (ACh) and bradykinin (BK) and inflammatory cell recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured in vivo. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP)... | 0 |
77,462 | Release of prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C4/D4 from airway segments isolated from rats after exposure to ozone for 20 months | Szarek, JL; Valentovic, MA | 1,995 | Metabolites of arachidonic acid have been implicated as mediators of some of the pulmonary effects observed after acute exposure to ozone. Accordingly, recent studies have focused on the effects of acute ozone exposure on the arachidonic acid cascade, however, whether eicosanoid metabolism is altered after chronic expo... | 0 |
76,080 | Differential effects of ozone on lung epithelial lining fluid volume and protein content | Cheng, PW; Boat, TF; Shaikh, S; Wang, OL; Hu, PC; Costa, DL | 1,995 | Urea dilution has been used to estimate the volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in the respiratory tract. However, ELF volume may be overestimated as the result of rapid net diffusion of urea from tissues into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. This study established a protocol for rat BAL in a manner that min... | 0 |
73,984 | Personal and fixed-site ozone measurements with a passive sampler | Brauer, M; Brook, JR | 1,995 | Personal exposures to ozone were measured in the summers of 1992 and 1993 in the Fraser Valley, a suburban and rural river valley bordering the metropolitan region of Vancouver, British Columbia (population approximately 1.8 million). In 1992, two groups of 25 healthy individuals were selected for 14 consecutive days o... | 0 |
57,767 | Cataract and latitude | Javitt, JC; Taylor, HR | 1,995 | null | 0 |
52,957 | Accentuation of gas exchange gradients in flushes of ponderosa pine exposed to ozone | Clark, CS; Weber, JA; Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE | 1,995 | Summary Two-year-old ponderosa pine seedlings (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) were exposed to episodic O3 concentrations in open-top chambers for two consecutive growing seasons (June through September of 1990 and 1991). Near the end of the second season of O3 exposure, gas exchange was measured on needles of surviving flushe... | 0 |
76,987 | Dispersion and chemical reaction of a pollutant near a motorway | Fraigneau, YC; Gonzalez, M; Coppalle, A | 1,995 | Within the framework of a modeling problem related to a pollutant emission in the vicinity of a motorway (i.e. at a local scale), a calculation of nitric oxide transport including chemical reactions with ambient ozone is attempted. The aerodynamic properties of a neutral boundary layer are given and the mean concentrat... | 0 |
83,814 | Nitric oxide and asthmatic inflammation | Barnes, PJ; Liew, FY | 1,995 | Asthmatic patients show an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in airway epithelial cells and an increased level of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air. The NO derived from airway epithelial cells may be a mechanism for amplifying and perpetuating asthmatic inflammation, through inhibition of T ... | 1 |
26,335 | The effects of ozone and cutting on the species composition of artificial grassland communities | Ashmore, MR; Ainsworth, N | 1,995 | Pots containing a mixture of the grasses Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra and the forbs Trifolium repens and Veronica chamaedrys were exposed to ozone in open- top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered air. Total ozone exposure ranged from 800nl l-1h above 40n1 l-1 to 15000nl l-1h above 40n1 l-1. 2. Half of t... | 0 |
3,811 | Atmospheric trends and lifetime of CH3CCl3 and global OH concentrations | Prinn, RG; Weiss, RF; Miller, BR; Huang, J; Alyea, FN; Cunnold, DM; Fraser, PJ; Hartley, DE; Simmonds, PG | 1,995 | Determination of the atmospheric concentrations and lifetime of trichloroethane (CH3CCI3) is very important in the context of global change. This halocarbon is involved in depletion of ozone, and the hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations determined from its lifetime provide estimates of the lifetimes of most other hydro... | 0 |
42,388 | Restrictive lung disease in rats exposed chronically to an urban profile of ozone | Costa, DL; Tepper, JS; Stevens, MA; Watkinson, WP; Doerfler, DL; Gelzleichter, TR; Last, JA | 1,995 | The potential for irreversible lung impairment resulting from life-long ozone (O3) exposure remains uncertain. To address this question, young adult rats (male, F-344) were exposed to a simulated urban profile of O3 for 1, 3, 13, 52, or 78 wk, after which pulmonary function tests were performed. To assess reversibility... | 0 |
47,260 | Air change rates in non-residential buildings in California | null | 1,995 | This report describes results from the first group of field measurements of the air change rate in 49 nonresidential buildings in the Stale o"f California. The air change rate measurements were made using a tracer gas method. Procedures were based on protocols developed in ''Protocol for Measuring the Air Change Rate i... | 0 |
39,118 | A sensitivity analysis of mortality/PM10 associations in Los Angeles | Kinney, PL; Ito, K; Thurston, GD | 1,995 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.Several recent studies have reported statistically significant and quantitatively similar associations between daily mortality and PM-10 or total suspended particulates (TSP). These results have raised questions of biological plausibility, as well as questions regardi... | 0 |
48,350 | Regional ozone and urban plumes in the southeastern United States: Birmingham, a case study | Trainer, M; Ridley, BA; Buhr, MP; Kok, G; Walega, J; Hubler, G; Parrish, DD; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,995 | Aircraft measurements of ozone and the oxides of nitrogen have characterized the horizontal and vertical extent of the urban plume downwind of Birmingham, Alabama. Derived NOx emission rate estimates of 0.6 x 10(2)(5) molecules s(-1) , with an uncertainty of a factor of 2, for this metropolitan area are in reasonable a... | 0 |
77,468 | Oxidative damage to extracellular fluids by ozone and possible protective effects of thiols | Van Der Vliet, A; O'Neill, CA; Eiserich, JP; Cross, CE | 1,995 | Environmental levels of ozone (O3) frequently exceed air quality standards in many urban areas, and much research has been devoted to pathophysiological effects of O3 inhalation. Inhaled O3 will interact primarily with respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLF) and with constituents therein. It is believed that interaction... | 0 |
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