REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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76,152 | Ozone-reactive absorption by pulmonary epithelial lining fluid constituents | Langford, SD; Bidani, A; Postlethwait, EM | 1,995 | Previous studies have suggested that the rate of inhaled Os absorption from the intrapulmonary gas phase is principally mediated by reaction-dependent mechanisms rather than by physical solubility, tissue diffusion, or blood flow (Postlethwait ef al., 1994, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125, 77-89). The initial site of int... | 0 |
42,438 | Relationship between summertime ambient ozone levels and emergency department visits for asthma in central New Jersey | Weisel, CP; Cody, RP; Lioy, PJ | 1,995 | The 5-year retrospective study of the association between temperature and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma with mean ambient ozone levels between 10:00 and 15:00 was conducted in central New Jersey during the summer months. An association was identified in each of the years (1986-1990). Between 8 and 34% of ... | 0 |
27,393 | Establishing critical levels to the effects of air pollution on vegetation | Sanders, GE; Skarby, L; Ashmore, MR; Fuhrer, J | 1,995 | In recent years, international air pollution effects research has focused on setting critical levels of pollutants, above which adverse effects occur on sensitive receptors. Once established, these levels are used to determine the geographical extent of exceedance for different vegetation categories and ultimately in t... | 0 |
45,732 | The association of ambient air pollution with twice daily peak expiratory flow rate measurements in children | Neas, LM; Dockery, DW; Koutrakis, P; Tollerud, DJ; Speizer, FE | 1,995 | Electric Power Research Institute; National Institutes of Health. #A stratified sample of 83 children living in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, reported twice daily peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements on 3,582 child-days during the summer of 1990. Upon arising and before retiring, each child recorded the time, three... | 1 |
41,863 | Photosynthetic productivity of aspen clones varying in sensitivity to tropospheric ozone | Coleman, MD; Isebrands, JG; Dickson, RE; Karnosky, DF | 1,995 | Rooted cuttings from three aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones (216, 271 and 259, classified as high, intermediate and low in O(3) tolerance, respectively) were exposed to either diurnal O(3) profiles simulating those of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (episodic treatments), or diurnal square-wave O(3) treatments in o... | 0 |
89,912 | Air pollution and allergic disease Report of a Working Party of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology | Wardlaw, AJ | 1,995 | #Asthma and other types of allergic disease such as allergic rhinitis are increasing in prevalence throughout the western world. This report has reviewed the available world literature to examine the evidence that this increase is related to air pollution and to identify areas of uncertainty which need further research... | 0 |
76,065 | Use of ozone generating devices to improve indoor air quality | Boeniger, MF | 1,995 | Room ozonization has been in widespread use to "freshen" indoor air for more than 100 years. This use is sometimes promoted with the claim that ozone can oxidize airborne gases, and even particulates, to simple carbon dioxide and water vapor. Aside from whether ozone can improve indoor air quality, the potentially dele... | 0 |
52,523 | Analysis of volatile organic compounds using proton-transfer-reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in the ppb range | Hansel, A; Jordan, A; Taucher, J; Holzinger, R; Prazeller, P; Lindinger, W | 1,995 | N/A. | 0 |
76,073 | Epidemiologic studies on short-term effects of low levels of major ambient air pollution components | Brunekreef, B; Dockery, DW; Krzyzanowski, M | 1,995 | Since the development of the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, a large number of epidemiologic studies have been published documenting effects of major air pollutants on health at concentrations below existing guidelines and standards. In this review, recent studies are discussed that p... | 0 |
77,206 | Ozone exposure in humans: Inflammatory, small and peripheral airway responses | Weinmann, GG; Liu, MC; Proud, D; Weidenbach-Gerbase, M; Hubbard, W; Frank, R | 1,995 | We exposed eight normal adults to filtered air (FA) and 0.35 ppm ozone (O3) and compared responses in spirometry, including isovolume (isoV) flows at intermediate-to-low lung volumes, against levels of inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral lung resistance (Rp) measured through a wed... | 1 |
2,080 | Relationship between acute ozone responsiveness and the chronic loss of lung function in residents exposed to recurrent oxidant air pollution | Gong, H, Jr; Simmons, MS | 1,995 | null | 0 |
776,062 | Gradients of ozone at a forest site and over a field cropconsequences for the AOT40 concept of critical level | Pleijel, H; Wallin, G; Karlsson, P; Sk?rby, L; Selld?n, G | 1,995 | Ozone concentrations were measured at a wind-exposed edge of a 60 year-old 15-20 m tall Norway spruce forest in south-west Sweden and simultaneously over a barley field 5 km away for 27 days. At the forest site, measurements were performed at 3 and 13 m height 15 m in front of the forest edge, at 3 m height 15 m into t... | 0 |
41,764 | Stand characteristics of ozone-stressed populations of Pinus jeffreyi (Pinaceae): extent, development, and physiological consequences of visible injury | Patterson, MT; Rundel, PW | 1,995 | The development and physiological consequences of ozone-induced visible injury was investigated in native populations of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) that were exposed to chronic levels of anthropogenic ozone. Stand structure analyses demonstrated that the expression of visible ozone injury symptoms within self-regene... | 0 |
133,608 | Sensitivity of Ozone to Model Grid Resolution 1 Application of High-Resolution Regional Acid Deposition Model | Jang, JCC; Jeffries, HE; Byun, D; Pleim, JE | 1,995 | This paper examines the sensitivity of ozone (O-3) predictions to grid resolution in Eulerian grid models. A high-resolution version of the regional acid deposition model (HR-RADM) was developed and applied to simulate O-3 formation at different grid resolutions. Horizontal grid-cell sizes of 20, 40, and 80 km were sel... | 0 |
76,147 | Health effects of air pollution in southern Europe: are there interacting factors? | Katsouyanni, K | 1,995 | Recent results suggest that adverse health effects of air pollution exist at levels of pollutants around or even below air quality standards set by national and international institutions. Furthermore, there are indications that air pollution effects on health may be partly determined by specific mixtures of air pollut... | 0 |
76,740 | Controlled exposures of young asthmatics to mixed oxidant gases and acid aerosol | Linn, WS; Anderson, KR; Shamoo, DA; Edwards, SA; Webb, TL; Hackney, JD; Gong, H, Jr | 1,995 | To help assess short-term respiratory responses to summertime air pollution, we exposed 24 asthmatic volunteers aged 11-18 in a chamber to respirable acid aerosol (mass median aerodynamic diameter 0.66 micron) plus 0.3 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plus 0.2 ppm ozone (O3). The aerosol contained available hydrogen ions (H-... | 0 |
30,102 | Sixty years of change in California conifer forests of the San Bernardino mountains | Minnich, RA; Barbour, MG; Burk, JH; Fernau, RF | 1,995 | We revisited 68 plots of forest vegetation in the San Bernardino Mountains that had been quantitatively described In 1929-1935 from the California Vegetation Type Map (VTM) Survey. By using the same sampling methods, we documented changes-over approximately 60 years and during a period of fire suppression management-in... | 0 |
56,900 | Effects of smoking and smoking cessation on longitudinal decline in pulmonary function | Burchfiel, CM; Marcus, EB; Curb, JD; Maclean, CJ; Vollmer, WM; Johnson, LR; Fong, K; Rodriguez, BL; Masaki, KH; Buist, AS | 1,995 | null | 0 |
76,221 | Ozone adaptation in rats after chronic exposure to a simulated urban profile of ozone | Wiester, MJ; Tepper, JS; Doerfler, DL; Costa, DL | 1,995 | Studies in both humans and rats have indicated that certain pulmonary responses induced by exposure to an acute provocative concentration of ozone (O3) will eventually attenuate if the exposure is repeated on a daily basis. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as O3 adaptation. Whether or not a "state" of adaptation... | 0 |
26,338 | Air pollutant stress changes the steady-state transcript levels of three photosynthesis genes | Bahl, A; Kahl, G | 1,995 | Six-week-old tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. SR-1) were fumigated with different, but defined and realistic combinations of NO2, automobile exhaust and ozone for two days. To determine the effect of an additional environmental stress during exposure, plants were either wounded mechanically or treated with sal... | 0 |
41,849 | Results from the UN/ECE ICP-crops indicate the extent of exceedance of the critical levels of ozone in Europe | Benton, J; Fuhrer, J; Gimeno, BS; Skarby, L; Sanders, G | 1,995 | The experiments of the United Nations/Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE) International Cooperative Programme on effects of air pollution and other stresses on crops and non-wood plants (ICP-Crops) are designed to investigate the effects of ambient ozone pollution on crops and non-wood plants. Each year, participan... | 0 |
12,672 | IRIS summary for 2,4-/2,6-toluene diisocyanate mixture (TDI) (CASRN 26471-62-5) | null | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,521 | Contractile responses and structure of small bronchi isolated from rats after 20 months' exposure to ozone | Szarek, JL; Stewart, NL; Zhang, JZ; Webb, JA; Valentovic, MA; Catalano, P | 1,995 | Health Effects Institute.Short-term exposure to high concentrations of ozone has been shown to increase airway responsiveness in normal humans and in all laboratory animal species studied to date. While our knowledge concerning the pulmonary effects of single exposures to ozone has increased rapidly over recent years, ... | 0 |
52,485 | Sensitive measurement of ozone using amperometric gas sensors | Penrose, WR; Pan, L; Stetter, JR; Ollison, WM | 1,995 | #We have investigated the ability of miniature amperometric gas sensors (AGS) to detect ozone in air at concentrations as low as 5 ppb. Baseline drift of the sensor, which occurs on a time scale of hours, can be compensated by periodic correction using sample air scrubbed free of oxidants. Interfering gases expected ar... | 0 |
57,476 | Sunlight exposure, pigmentary factors, and risk of nonmelanocytic skin cancer I Basal cell carcinoma | Gallagher, RP; Hill, GB; Bajdik, CD; Fincham, S; Coldman, AJ; Mclean, DI; Threlfall, WJ | 1,995 | BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common neoplasm in white populations, and solar radiation is generally accepted to be the dominant environmental risk factor for this disease. However, little information is available on the nature of the relationship between BCC and sunlight. Th... | 0 |
47,444 | Detailed analysis of solar ultraviolet radiation: a preliminary investigation on data collected at Rome ('La Sapienza' University) | Siani, AM; Muthama, NJ; Piervitali, E; Palmieri, S | 1,995 | The importance of solar ultraviolet radiation and its impact on human health is well known by the scientific community. Variations of the ozone layer can influence the UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, especially at short wavelengths. Thus, it is important to study any possible ozone fluctuations. At the Physi... | 0 |
76,094 | Regulatory ozone modeling: status, directions, and research needs | Georgopoulos, PG | 1,995 | The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 have established selected comprehensive, three-dimensional, Photochemical Air Quality Simulation Models (PAQSMs) as the required regulatory tools for analyzing the urban and regional problem of high ambient ozone levels across the United States. These models are currently app... | 0 |
76,151 | An important role of tachykinins in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness | Koto, H; Aizawa, H; Takata, S; Inoue, H; Hara, N | 1,995 | We investigated the role of tachykinins in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness was assessed by determining the provocative concentration (PC200) of a histamine aerosol. Ozone exposure (3.0 ppm for 2 h) caused significant AHR. For vehicle-pretreated animals, the geometric... | 0 |
2,251,950 | Hierarchical approaches to the study of water quality in rivers | Hunsacker, CT; Levine, DA | 1,995 | null | 0 |
39,548 | The effects of ozone on immune function | Jakab, GJ; Spannhake, EW; Canning, BJ; Kleeberger, SR; Gilmour, MI | 1,995 | A review of the literature reveals that ozone (O3) exposure can either suppress or enhance immune responsiveness. These disparate effects elicited by O3 exposure depend, in large part, on the experimental design used, the immune parameters examined as well as the animal species studied. Despite the apparent contradicti... | 0 |
38,645 | Evidence for ozone-induced small-airway dysfunction: Lack of menstrual-cycle and gender effects | Weinmann, GG; Weidenbach-Gerbase, M; Foster, WM; Zacur, H; Frank, R | 1,995 | Recently, we analyzed FEF25-75 isovolumetrically to assess the acute effects of ozone (O3) on small-airway function: the reduction in isovolumetric (isoV) FEF25-75 at end exposure progressed during the next 25 min even as FVC was recovering. To evaluate this effect over a longer period, we measured isovolumetric FEFs, ... | 1 |
78,725 | Cardiac output effects of O3 and NO2 exposure in healthy older adults | Drechsler-Parks, DM | 1,995 | Eight healthy adults (56-85 yrs) were exposed in an environmental chamber to filtered air (FA), 0.60 ppm NO2, 0.45 ppm O3, and 0.60 ppm NO2 + 0.45 ppm O3 to investigate the effects of NO2 and O3exposure on cardiac output. The subjects were exposed to each condition for two hours, while they exercised and rested in alte... | 0 |
36,394 | Contrasting effects of tropospheric ozone on five native herbs which coexist in calcareous grassland | Warwick, KR; Taylor, G | 1,995 | #The aim of this study was to examine the effects of increased tropospheric ozone concentrations on the growth and morphology of five native herbs commonly found to coexist in calcareous grassland in areas of Britain and continental Europe: Anthyllis vulneraria L., Cirsium acaule (L.) Scop., Festuca ovina L., Pilosella... | 0 |
78,551 | Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by outdoor workers in nine urban areas using a probabilistic version of NEM | Johnson, T; Capel, J; McCoy, M; Mozier, JW | 1,995 | null | 0 |
55,018 | Modeling the effects of UV variability and the QBO on the troposphere-stratosphere system Part 1 The middle atmosphere | Balachandran, NK; Rind, D | 1,995 | Results of experiments with a GCM involving changes in UV input (?25%, ? 10%, ?5% at wavelengths below 0.3 m) and simulated equatorial QBO are presented, with emphasis on the middle atmosphere response. The UV forcing employed is larger than observed during the last solar cycle and does not vary with wavelength, hence ... | 0 |
80,040 | Isolation of a novel Arabidopsis ozone-induced cDNA by differential display | Sharma, YK; Davis, KR | 1,995 | We have used a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction procedure (differential display) to isolate cDNAs corresponding to transcripts that accumulate in ozone-treated Arabidopsis thaliana. In this report we describe the characterization of an ozone-induced transcript, AtOZI1. AtOZI1 mRNA in untreated plants was... | 0 |
53,487 | Rates and mechanisms of Fe(II) oxidation at nonmolar total iron concentrations | King, DW; Lounsbury, HA; Millero, FJ | 1,995 | A fully automated luminol-based chemiluminescence system has been developed for rapid analysis of Fe(ll) at natural levels. Using this system, the rates of Fe(ll) oxidation in 0.7 M NaCI have been measured for nanomolar concentrations of Fe(ll) over the pH range 7.0-8.3. When the production and decomposition of H2O2 in... | 0 |
78,515 | Immunotoxicity--bridging the gap between animal research and human health effects | Selgrade, MK; Cooper, KD; Devlin, RD; van Loveren, H; Biagini, RE; Luster, MI | 1,995 | null | 0 |
46,184 | Effect of photochemical air pollution on acute respiratory symptoms in children | Hoek, G; Brunekreef, B | 1,995 | In the spring and summer of 1989, an epidemiologic study of the acute effects of photochemical air pollution on the respiratory health of 300 children 7 to 11 yr old was conducted. The children studied were a general population sample of the children living in two rural towns in the Netherlands. For these children, sma... | 1 |
77,309 | Foliar exchange of mercury vapor: evidence for a compensation point | Hanson, PJ; Lindberg, SE; Tabberer, TA; Owens, JG; Kim, KH | 1,995 | Historical studies for crop and weed species documented elemental Hg vapor (Hg-o) deposition to foliage, but they used Hg-o concentrations that were orders of magnitude higher than levels now known to occur under background conditions, possibly creating artificially high gradients between the atmosphere and landscape s... | 0 |
46,119 | Modeling the time series of respirable suspended particles and carbon monoxide from multiple smokers: Validation in two public smoking lounges | Klepeis, NE; Ott, WR; Switzer, P | 1,995 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Summary and Conclusions. In applying the model to the smoking lounge microenvironment we: (I) collected the cigarette count and pollutant concentration time series, (2) determined the room volume and air exchange rate (including removal of the pollutant from adsorption Onto surfaces... | 0 |
76,022 | Response to acute ozone exposure in healthy men. Results of a screening procedure | Weinmann, GG; Bowes, SM; Gerbase, MW; Kimball, AW; Frank, R | 1,995 | We screened 64 healthy, nonsmoking men, 18 to 35 yr old, for their sensitivity to 0.35 ppm ozone (O3) administered for 130 to 150 min with intermittent exercise. The changes in FVC, FEV1, AND FEF25-75 (p < 0.0001) immediately after O3 exposure varied widely among subjects. Histograms of the percentage changes in FVC an... | 1 |
76,157 | Airway epithelial cell responses to ozone injury | Leikauf, GD; Simpson, LG; Santrock, J; Zhao, Q; Abbinante-Nissen, J; Zhou, S; Driscoll, KE | 1,995 | The airway epithelial cell is an important target in ozone injury. Once activated, the airway epithelium responds in three phases. The initial, or immediate phase, involves activation of constitutive cells, often through direct covalent interactions including the formation of secondary ozonolysis products-hydroxyhydrop... | 0 |
53,099 | Response of stem growth and function to air pollution | Weber, JA; Grulke, NE | 1,995 | null | 0 |
78,306 | The free radical basis of air pollution: focus on ozone | Kelly, FJ; Mudway, I; Krishna, MT; Holgate, ST | 1,995 | British Lung Foundation; Medical Research Council. | 0 |
46,950 | Office equipment: design, indoor air emissions, and pollution prevention opportunities | Hetes, R; Moore, M; Northeim, C | 1,995 | null | 0 |
26,687 | Modelling stomatal responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv Turbo) to ozone and different levels of water supply | Gruters, U; Fangmeier, A; Jager, HJ | 1,995 | Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Turbo) was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. Air was charcoal filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF) and CF plus proportional addition of ambient or twice ambient ozone (CF1, CF2). Seasonal means of O3, taken over 24 h, were 2A3, 20A6, 1... | 0 |
78,499 | Ozone, airways and allergic airways disease | Krishna, MT; Mudway, I; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST | 1,995 | N/A. | 0 |
37,053 | The surface structure and reactivity of black carbon | Smith, DM; Chughtai, AR | 1,995 | #Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been the most definitive analytical tool in a comprehensive program on the structure and reactivity of black carbon (in the form of n-hexane soot). In combination with other techniques, it has revealed the soot structure, as produced by high temperature incomplete co... | 0 |
76,085 | The dose-response relationship in older men exposed to ozone | Drechsler-Parks, DM | 1,995 | Nine male subjects (56-71 years) were exposed to filtered air (FA) or 0.45 ppm O3 with inhaled dose altered by varying ventilation volume (VE = 25, 40, or 55 L/min (BTPS)) to evaluate pulmonary function dose-responses in older men. The subjects walked on a motor-driven treadmill and rested in alternating 20-min periods... | 1 |
82,694 | Associations between health and air pollution in time-series analyses | Goldsmith, JR; Friger, MD; Abramson, M | 1,996 | The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of cyclic geophysical and sociocultural factors and of meterological and pollutant variations to explained variance in asthma admissions. A Poisson regression-type quasi-Fourier generalized linear model was built. We constructed an extended family of models ... | 0 |
30,118 | Additive and antagonistic effects of ozone and salinity on the growth, ion contents and gas exchange of five varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L) | Welfare, K; Flowers, TJ; Taylor, G; Yeo, AR | 1,996 | #Five varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) of varying salinity resistance were grown in non-saline and in saline conditions, with and without a repeated exposure to ozone at a concentration of 88 nmol mol-1 giving an AOT40 (cumulative exposure above 40 nmol mol-1) of 3600 nmol mol-1 h. Salinity caused a substantial redu... | 0 |
81,338 | Health effects of outdoor air pollution | Linn, WS; Gong, H, Jr | 1,996 | Physicians rarely see patients with illnesses that are directly and unequivocally caused by community air pollution. Nevertheless, either acute or chronic air pollution exposure may exacerbate many clinical problems, especially cardiopulmonary disorders. In particular, air pollution is often suspected of contributing t... | 0 |
80,725 | Effects of repeated exposure to nitric acid vapor and ozone on respiratory tract clearance in the rat | Mannix, RC; Phalen, RF; Oldham, MJ; Mautz, WJ; Kleinman, MT | 1,996 | California Air Resources Board; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute grant R01-39682; Center for Occupational and Envrionmental Health, University of California, Irvine. | 0 |
83,562 | Airway reactivity in welders: a controlled prospective cohort study | Beckett, WS; Pace, PE; Sferlazza, SJ; Perlman, GD; Chen, AH; Xu, XP | 1,996 | In a 3-year survey, respiratory symptoms, spirometry, and methacholine reactivity were measured annually in welders (n = 51) and non-welder controls subjects (n = 54) to determine whether welding-related symptoms are associated with accelerated decline in lung function or changes in airway reactivity. In the cross-work... | 0 |
52,188 | Hydrocarbon ratios during PEM-WEST A: a model perspective | Mckeen, SA; Liu, SC; Hsie, EY; Lin, X; Bradshaw, JD; Smyth, S; Gregory, GL; Blake, DR | 1,996 | A useful application of the hydrocarbon measurements collected during the Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM-West A) is as markers or indices of atmospheric processing. Traditionally, ratios of particular hydrocarbons have been interpreted as photochemical indices, since much of the effect due to atmospheric transport is... | 0 |
83,615 | An overview of the development, validation, and application of neurobehavioral and neuromolecular toxicity assessment batteries: potential applications to combustion toxicology | Rossi J III; Ritchie, GD; Macys, DA; Still, KR | 1,996 | null | 0 |
83,569 | Vehicle emissions, urban air quality and current Italian legislation: the case of Messina - II | Casale, A; Marsala, V; Marsala, S; Di Pietro, ML | 1,996 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. In a continuing programme to evaluate the urban air quality of the city of Messina, a research has been carried out to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by means of a continuous analyzer, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, benzene, toluene, nitrous acid and formaldehyde by ... | 0 |
82,702 | Role of oxidants/antioxidants in smoking-induced lung diseases | Rahman, I; Macnee, W | 1,996 | #An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants has been considered in the pathogenesis of smoking-induced lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly emphysema. Recent evidence indicates that increased neutrophil sequestration and activation occurs in the pulmonary microvasculatur... | 0 |
53,515 | Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: distribution, partitioning, and sources | Singh, HB; Herlth, D; Kolyer, R; Salas, L; Bradshaw, JD; Sandholm, ST; Davis, DD; Crawford, J; Kondo, Y; Koike, M; Talbot, R; Gregory, GL; Sachse, GW; Browell, E; Blake, DR; Rowland, FS; Newell, R; Merrill, J; Heikes, B; Liu, SC; Crutzen, PJ; Kanakidou, M | 1,996 | Measurements of important reactive nitrogen species (NO, NO2, HNO3, PAN, PPN, NO3-, NOy,), C1 to C6 hydrocarbons, O3, chemical tracers (C2C14, CO), and meteorological parameters were made in the troposphere (0 to 12 kin) over the western Pacific (0degrees-50degreesN) during the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A campai... | 0 |
81,157 | Reliability of lifetime residential history and activity measures as elements of cumulative ambient ozone exposure assessment | Kunzli, N; Lurmann, F; Segal, M; Ngo, L; Balmes, J; Tager, IB | 1,996 | Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, MA; Postgraduate Fellowship for the Swiss National Research Fund, and Pro Pulmone Fund, Switzerland.Assessment of long-term effects of lifetime ambient oxidant pollution relies on ecological exposure assignment. Given the characteristics of ozone exposure profiles, with daily and se... | 0 |
46,385 | Heterogeneous catalysis and photoadsorption in the troposphere: possible effect on global chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere | Zamaraev, KI; Parmon, VN | 1,996 | Semiquantitative estimates indicate that the heterogeneous photochemical reactions on tropospheric aerosols of the oxide nature can strongly affect the global chemistry of the Earth's atmosphere. It seems likely that these reactions influence the intensity of acid rain, govern the concentration of some greenhouse and o... | 0 |
767,072 | Consequences of climate warming and lake acidification for UV-B penetration in North American boreal lakes | Schindler, DW; Curtis, PJ; Parker, BR; Stainton, MP | 1,996 | CLIMATE warming, acid deposition and increasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation are all regarded as widespread problems in boreal ecosystems. Here we report observations from twenty years of whole-lake acidification experiments, which show that these three problems are intimately linked, In our study area in northwes... | 1 |
47,933 | Human influence on the atmospheric vertical temperature structure: detection and observations | Tett, SFB; Mitchell, JFB; Parker, DE; Allen, MR | 1,996 | Recent work suggests a discernible human influence on climate. This finding is supported, with less restrictive assumptions than those used in earlier studies, by a 1961 through 1995 data set of radiosonde observations and by ensembles of coupled atmosphere-ocean simulations forced with changes in greenhouse gases, tro... | 0 |
83,632 | Ibuprofen protects human endothelial cell prostaglandin H synthase from hydrogen peroxide | Wessels, DA; Hempel, SL | 1,996 | Human endothelial cells exposed to H2O2 demonstrate decreased prostacyclin (PGI(2)) synthesis due to decreased prostaglandin H synthase (PGH synthase) activity. We tested the hypothesis that PGH synthase activity could be protected from H2O2 by a reversible nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Experiments demonstrate t... | 0 |
55,179 | The distribution of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere: the effects of ozone, aerosols and clouds | Lu, Y; Khalil, MAK | 1,996 | We have developed a detailed model of solar radiation in the atmosphere as it is affected by atmospheric constituents, aerosols, clouds and the surface characteristics of the earth. Such a model is the foundation for studying global change and atmospheric chemistry under natural and disturbed conditions. The model incl... | 0 |
80,938 | California residential air exchange rates and residence volumes | Wilson, AL; Colome, SD; Tian, Y; Becker, EW; Baker, PE; Behrens, DW; Billick, IH; Garrison, CA | 1,996 | Air exchange rate data from two residential indoor air quality studies are presented. In the first investigation, over 500 residences in Southern California were sampled for three one-week periods from 1984 to 1985. Those data provided seasonal information for a broad range of residential characteristics in a large met... | 0 |
80,766 | Negative air ionisation and the generation of hydrogen peroxide | Challenger, O; Braven, J; Harwood, D; Rosen, K; Richardson, G | 1,996 | Hydrogen peroxide at a low (ppb) level has been produced in an aqueous solution following exposure of air and pure water to ionization using a single negative polarity EHT voltage generator. The implications of this are discussed. | 0 |
80,838 | Asthma surveillance programs in public health departments--United States | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
83,540 | Evidence for nitrogen saturation in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California | Fenn, ME; Poth, MA; Johnson, DW | 1,996 | Elevated N deposition has occurred in the Los Angeles Basin in southern California for at least the last 40 years. Elevated streamwater NO-3 fluxes and high nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from soil, indicators of N saturation, have recently been reported for chaparral watersheds exposed to chronic N deposition in the San Gab... | 1 |
52,302 | Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniques | Guenther, A; Baugh, W; Davis, K; Hampton, G; Harley, P; Klinger, L; Vierling, L; Zimmerman, P; Allwine, E; Dilts, S; Lamb, B; Westberg, H; Baldocchi, D; Geron, C; Pierce, T | 1,996 | Isoprene fluxes were estimated using eight different measurement techniques at a forested site near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, during July and August 1992. Fluxes from individual leaves and entire branches were estimated with four enclosure systems, including one system that controls leaf temperature and light. Variations i... | 0 |
43,923 | Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on ozone-induced respiratory inflammation and lung function changes | Hazucha, MJ; Madden, M; Pape, G; Becker, S; Devlin, R; Koren, HS; Kehrl, H; Bromberg, PA | 1,996 | Inhalation of O3 causes airways neutrophilic inflammation accompanied by other changes including increased levels of cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonic acid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ozone O3 exposure also causes decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume after 1 s (FEV(1)), a... | 1 |
43,910 | Delayed impact of chronic ozone stress on young Douglas-fir grown under field conditions | Runeckles, VC; Wright, EF | 1,996 | A 3-year study of the effects of low-level exposures of ozone (O3) on the growth of young Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees was undertaken during 1988-1990, using an open-air zonal air pollution system (ZAPS) on the University of British Columbia campus. The ZAPS provided daily O3 enrichment of t... | 0 |
91,747 | Production and loss of methylmercury and loss of total mercury from boreal forest catchments containing different types of wetlands | St. Louis, VL; Rudd, JWM; Kelly, CA; Beaty, KG; Flett, RJ; Roulet, NT | 1,996 | Four terrestrial boreal forest catchments containing different types of wetlands were studied to determine their strength as sources or sinks of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) to downstream ecosystems and to determine if patterns seen in one year were consistent over several years. All catchments were sin... | 0 |
82,677 | The contribution of the mouse in hazard identification studies | Maronpot, RR; Boorman, GA | 1,996 | null | 0 |
51,648 | Xenobiotic metabolism enzyme gene expression in human bronchial epithelial and alveolar macrophage cells | Willey, JC; Coy, E; Brolly, C; Utell, MJ; Frampton, MW; Hammersley, J; Thilly, WG; Olson, D; Cairns, K | 1,996 | Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC), a primary defense against inhaled materials, are the progenitor cells for bronchogenic carcinomas and have important metabolic capabilities. We used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify xenobiotic metabolism enzymes expressed in primary BEC and alv... | 0 |
26,584 | The effect of long-term ozone fumigation on the growth, physiology and frost sensitivity of Calluna vulgaris | Foot, JP; Caporn, SJM; Lee, JA; Ashenden, TW | 1,996 | Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull. plants were fumigated in open-top chambers with ambient charcoal-filtered air, or 70 nl l-1 (70 ppb) ozone, for 8 h a day, five days a week. Ozone treatment during the winter increased the frost sensitivity of plants as measured by electrolyte leakage following a controlled frosting regime. R... | 0 |
26,567 | Responses of some cereal cultivars to CO2 enrichment and tropospheric ozone at different levels of nitrogen supply | Fangmeier, A; Gruters, U; Vermehren, B; Jager, HJ | 1,996 | Two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Nandu' and cv. ?Minaret') and one cultivar of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. 'Alexis') were exposed to CO2 enrichment (concentrations ranging from 363 to 650 Al 1-1), ozone (ambient and 1.7 times ambient levels) at different levels of nitrogen nutrition in... | 0 |
40,415 | Critical levels for ozone in Europe: testing and finalizing the concepts UN-ECE workshop report | Karenlampi, L; Skarby, L | 1,996 | null | 0 |
13,312 | Animal studies of the effects of inhaled air toxins on nasal mucosa | Gross, CW | 1,996 | The effects of environmental pollution on the nose and sinuses are not well studied or documented. There have been numerous studies documenting changes in the nasal mucosa of animals. Several of these studies, which demonstrate progressively more severe damage to the nasal mucosa of animals with increased time exposure... | 0 |
57,294 | Rate coefficients for reactions of NO3 with a few olefins and oxygenated olefins | Rudich, Y; Talukdar, RK; Fox, RW; Ravishankara, AR | 1,996 | null | 0 |
43,945 | Variability of hazardous air pollutants in an urban area | Spicer, CW; Buxton, BE; Holdren, MW; Smith, DL; Kelly, TJ; Rust, SW; Pate, AD; Sverdrup, GM; Chuang, JC | 1,996 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The variability of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is an important factor in determining human exposure to such chemicals, and in designing HAP measurement programs. This study has investigated the factors which contribute to HAP variability in an urban area. Six measurement sites separate... | 0 |
52,309 | Development and application of a new air pollution modeling system-Part I: gas-phase simulations | Jacobson, MZ; Lu, R; Turco, RP; Toon, OP | 1,996 | A new air pollution modeling system is discussed and applied. The system consists of GATOR, a gas, aerosol, transport, and radiation air quality model and MMTD, a mesoscale meteorological and tracer dispersion model. The gas-phase processes treated by GATOR include photochemistry, deposition, emissions, and gas-to-part... | 0 |
80,734 | Allergen bronchoprovocation of patients with mild allergic asthma after ozone exposure | Ball, BA; Folinsbee, LJ; Peden, DB; Kehrl, HR | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institutes of Health; University of North Carolina.BACKGROUND: Clinical and epidemiologic studies suggest that ambient ozone exposure may increase the response of patients with asthma to inhaled allergen. OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate whether a resting 1-h... | 0 |
26,413 | An overview of responses of southern pines to airborne chemical stresses | Berrang, P; Meadows, JS; Hodges, JD | 1,996 | FIRST PARAGRAPH.The devastation of plant communities around some primitive smelters made it apparent even centuries ago that anthropogenic pollutants could severely damage forests. At first, it appeared that the effects of these pollutants diminished rapidly with increasing distance from their sources. However, as know... | 0 |
80,784 | Chronic inhalation exposure to ozone and nitric acid elevates stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 in the rat lung | Wong, CG; Bonakdar, M; Mautz, WJ; Kleinman, MT | 1,996 | Center for Occupational and Environmental Health; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California grant no. 1RT-223; California Air Resources Board contracts no. AO33-088, and no. 92-334. The ability of urban oxidant and acid air pollutants to induce heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the mammalian ... | 0 |
15,948 | Descriptive statistics tables from a detailed analysis of the national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS) data | null | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Detailed results tables are presented from an unweighted statistical analysis of selected portions of the 1992-94 National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) data base. This survey collected data on the potential exposure of Americans to important houshold pollutants. Randomly s... | 0 |
48,214 | Synoptic meteorology and transport during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) intensive: overview | Merrill, JT; Moody, JL | 1,996 | Analyses of meteorological conditions during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) intensive period, defined here as August 1 through September 13, 1993, indicate that transport in the study region in Nova Scotia was influenced by several well-defined synoptic disturbances (weak frontal passages or troughs) and... | 0 |
53,464 | Sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, chloride, ammonium, and sodium measurements from ship, island, and aircraft during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol Gas Exchange | Huebert, BJ; Zhuang, L; Howell, S; Noone, K; Noone, B | 1,996 | We measured aerosol methanesulfonic acid (MSA), Cl-, NO3-, SO4=, Na+, and NH4+ concentrations and size distributions and gaseous ammonia and nitric acid concentrations from Santa Maria, Azores during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (ASTEX/MAGE) experiment in June 1992. W... | 0 |
80,801 | Comparison of outdoor and classroom ozone exposures for school children in Mexico | Gold, DR; Allen, G; Damokosh, A; Serrano, P; Hayes, C; Castillejos, M | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,722 | Scientific background for AMS policy statement on atmospheric ozone | Hales, J | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,253 | Comparison of two small chamber test methods used to measure formaldehyde and VOC emission rates from particleboard and medium density fiberboard | Liles, WT; Koontz, MD; Hoag, ML | 1,996 | The emission of formaldehyde and other VOCs from composite wood products is of much interest. Large chamber test procedures (ASTM E 1333) have been established and are routinely used to monitor composite wood product performance relative to federal formaldehyde emissions standards established by the [IS Department of H... | 0 |
79,203 | The effects of ambient ozone on lung function in children: A reanalysis of six summer camp studies | Kinney, PL; Thurston, GD; Raizenne, M | 1,996 | Studies of children attending summer camps often have observed relationships between daily outdoor ozone (O3) concentrations and decreased lung function that are qualitatively similar to results seen in human chamber studies. The former studies, focusing on the pulmonary effects of O3 and associated pollutants on child... | 1 |
42,545 | A time-concentration study on the effects of ozone on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L): 2. A comparison of indices | Finnan, JM; Jones, MB; Burke, JI | 1,996 | Several indices to describe the relationship between time-concentration of ozone and the resulting changes in grain yield were evaluated. In addition, hourly ozone concentrations were weighted with simultaneous sunshine hour values in an attempt to incorporate a measure of absorbed dose into current indices. Sunshine h... | 1 |
80,780 | Ozone toxicity in the mouse: comparison and modeling of responses in susceptible and resistant strains | Watkinson, WP; Highfill, JW; Slade, R; Hatch, GE | 1,996 | Previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated a concentration-related hypothermia and increases in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid indexes of toxicity in the rat after exposure to environmentally relevant levels of ozone (O-3). In similar studies withC57BL/6J (B6) and C3H/HeJ (C3) mice, other investigators ... | 0 |
80,746 | Nasal lavage cellularity, grain dust, and airflow obstruction | Blaski, CA; Watt, JL; Quinn, TJ; Thorne, PS; Schwartz, DA | 1,996 | To evaluate the clinical utility of nasal lavage (NL), we performed post-work shift NL on 172 grain workers and 78 postal worker control subjects. The grain worker group included a higher percentage of current smokers (25.7% vs 16.7%) and a lower percentage of former smokers (21.15% vs 35.9%) compared with the postal w... | 0 |
87,581 | Statistics for near independence in multivariate extreme values | Ledford, AW; Tawn, JA | 1,996 | null | 0 |
15,785 | Comparison of the effects of ozone on the modification of amino acid residues in glutamine synthetase and bovine serum albumin | Berlett, BS; Levine, RL; Stadtman, ER | 1,996 | During exposure to ozone, the methionine and aromatic amino acid residues of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase (GS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are oxidized rapidly in the order Met > Trp > Tyr approximately His > Phe. The loss of His is matched by a nearly equivalent formation of aspartate or of a derivative th... | 0 |
37,893 | Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of NO3 radicals and O3 with 3-methylfuran and the OH radical yield from the O3 reaction | Alvarado, A; Atkinson, R; Arey, J | 1,996 | Using relative rate methods, rate constants have been measured for the gas-phase reactions of 3-methylfuran with NO3 radicals and O3 at 296 ? 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. The rate constants determined were (1.31 ? 0.46) )< 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 for the NO3 radical reaction and (2.05 ? 0.52) >< 10-l7 cm3 mole... | 0 |
79,700 | DNA strand breaks in human nasal respiratory epithelium are induced upon exposure to urban pollution | Calderon-Garcidue?as, L; Osnaya-Brizuela, N; Ramirez-Martinez, L; Villarreal-Calderon, A | 1,996 | All organisms have the ability to respond and adapt to a myriad of environmental insults. The human respiratory epithelium, when exposed to oxidant gases in photochemical smog, is at risk of DNA damage and requires efficient cellular adaptative responses to resist the environmentally induced cell damage. Ozone and its ... | 0 |
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