REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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90,200 | Verification of expected trends in urban traffic NOx emissions from long-term measurements of ambient NO2 concentrations in urban air | Sjodin, A; Sjoberg, K; Svanberg, PA; Backstrom, H | 1,996 | Data from long-term measurements of ambient NO2 concentrations at roof level in 15 Swedish cities have been used to verify expected trends in urban traffic NOx emissions, resulting mainly from the growth in the number of threeway catalyst (TWC) cars in Sweden since the mid 1980s. The result show that, with few exceptio... | 0 |
54,065 | Water soluble dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in Antarctic aerosols | Kawamura, K; Semere, R; Imai, Y; Fuji, Y; Hayashi, M | 1,996 | Antarctic aerosols collected at Syowa Station were studied for water soluble organic compounds by employing a water extraction and dibutyl ester derivatization and using a capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total carbon and nitrogen were also determined. A homologous series of a,w-dicar... | 0 |
80,816 | Antioxidants in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from ozone--exposed normal and ascorbate-deficient guinea pigs | Kodavanti, UP; Costa, DL; Richards, J; Crissman, KM; Slade, R; Hatch, GE | 1,996 | Previous studies have indicated that systemic deficiency in one of the critical antioxidants, ascorbate, does not significantly exacerbate ozone-induced lung injury and changes in lung antioxidants following longer-term exposure. Because alveolar cells encounter the highest ozone dose upon exposure and lack direct bl... | 0 |
80,797 | Bloodborne markers in humans during multiday exposure to ozone | Foster, WM; Wills-Karp, M; Tankersley, CG; Chen, X; Paquette, NC | 1,996 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Grant R01-HL-31429; National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES-03819.Intermittent exposure of the human lung to ambient levels of ozone (O3) was assayed in systemic fluids by using serum alpha-tocopherol (ST) as a gauge of oxidative stress and the blastogenic... | 1 |
80,254 | Characterization of linoleum: identification of oxidative emission processes | Jensen, B; Wolkoff, P; Wilkins, CK | 1,996 | The emission from two identical, new, undamaged linoleum samples was studied by use of The Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), with sampling on Tenax TA, followed by thermal desorption and OC analysis. The emission profiles of the two samples were measured in parallel after 24 h. 3, 7, and 9 days using a flow of... | 0 |
79,843 | Tropospheric ozone: Critical issues in the regulatory process, proceedings of a specialty conference sponsored by the Air & Waste Management Association; May 1994; Orlando, FL | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
28,804 | Response of sugar maple to multiple year exposure to ozone and simulated acidic precipitation | Laurence, JA; Kohut, RJ; Amundson, RG; Weinstein, DA; MacLean, DC | 1,996 | Potted sugar maple seedlings were exposed to ozone and acidic precipitation in open-top chambers for three consecutive growing seasons. Periodic measurements of photosynthesis, dark respiration, through-fall and soil solution chemistry, and annual measurements of the weight of plant parts were made. Experimental treatm... | 0 |
79,920 | Regional clearance of solute from the respiratory epithelia: 18-20 h postexposure to ozone | Foster, WM; Stetkiewicz, PT | 1,996 | Exposure of humans to ambient levels of ozone causes inflammatory changes within lung tissues. These changes have been reported for the "initial" (1- to 3-h) and "late" (18- to 20-h) postexposure periods. We hypothesized that at the late period when protein and cellular markers of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavag... | 1 |
80,743 | Economical test methods for developmental neurobehavioral toxicity | Bignami, G | 1,996 | The assessment of behavioral changes produced by prenatal or early postnatal exposure to potentially noxious agents requires both the designing of ad hoc tests and the adaptation of tests for adult animals to the characteristics of successive developmental stages. The experience in designing tests is still more limited... | 0 |
82,682 | A review of the toxicology of air pollutants: toxicology of chemical mixtures | Oehme, FW; Coppock, RW; Mostrom, MS; Khan, AA | 1,996 | On a temporal basis, air has immense capacity for moving a large mass of pollutants. Mammals and birds are exposed to pollutants in air by the inhalation (nose and mouth), cutaneous or ocular routes. Most laboratory studies on air pollutants have been limited to single air pollutants and very little research has been d... | 0 |
80,216 | Chemical emission from paints and other surface materials - measurements with field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) and other climate chambers | Gustafsson, H; Jonsson, B; Lundgren, B | 1,996 | Conclusion. A micro emission chamber has been developed which in many ways satisfy the need and fulfil the technical requirements for material emission testing of planar surfaces. Some of its advantages are the following: versatility, easy to use and clean, its portable size and the possibility of non-destructive emiss... | 0 |
675,077 | Characterization of developmental toxicity of mono-n-benzyl phthalate in rats | Ema, M; Harazono, A; Miyawaki, E; Ogawa, Y | 1,996 | The developmental toxicity of the n-butyl-benzyl-phthalate (85687) metabolite mono-n-benzyl-phthalate (MBeP) administered to rats was investigated. Pregnant Wistar-rats received 250, 375, 500 or 625mg/kg MBeP by gastric intubation on gestational days (GDs) 7 to 9, 10 to 12, or 13 to 15. The number of litters totally re... | 0 |
89,226 | Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen oxides and ozone in a temperate deciduous forest and a subarctic woodland 1 Measurements and mechanisms | Munger, JW; Wofsy, SC; Bakwin, PS; Fan, SM; Goulden, ML; Daube, BC; Goldstein, AH | 1,996 | We present 5 years of NOy and O-3 eddy flux and concentration measurements and NOx concentration measurements at Harvard Forest (1990-1994), a mixed deciduous forest in central Massachusetts, and 2 months of data for a spruce woodland near Schefferville, Quebec, during the NASA ABLE3B/Northern Wetlands Study (1990). Me... | 0 |
41,705 | Effects of damage to living plants on leaf litter quality | Findlay, S; Carreiro, M; Krischik, V; Jones, CG | 1,996 | The leaves of plants in nature are commonly subjected to damage from a wide variety of agents, including herbivory, air pollutants, and simple physical damage. Despite the attention paid to damage effects on living plants, the potential effects on the quality of litter derived from damaged leaves has not been considere... | 0 |
43,931 | Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra L seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure | Samuelson, LJ; Kelly, JM; Mays, PA; Edwards, GS | 1,996 | #Seedling growth and nutritional status have been shown to be sensitive to ozone, but the influence of multi-season ozone exposure on mature tree growth and nutrition has not been examined. To determine if seedlings and mature trees were similarly affected by ozone exposure, growth and nutrient concentrations in northe... | 0 |
80,759 | Ozone and childhood wheezy episodes [author's reply] | Buchdahl, R; Stebbings, T; Babiker, A; Parker, A | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,754 | Effect of ambient ozone exposure on lung function in farm workers | Brauer, M; Blair, J; Vedal, S | 1,996 | Health Canada Contract no. 064SS.H4078-3-C043.#Effects of ozone exposure on outdoor farm workers in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia, Canada, were investigated. Fifty-eight workers underwent spirometry daily before and after each 8- to 14-h workday from June 23 to August 26, 1993. The mean daily maximum (1 h) ambi... | 1 |
772,014 | The individual and combined effects of ozone and simulated acid rain on growth, gas exchange rate and water-use efficiency of Pinus armandi Franch | Shan, Y; Feng, Z; Izuta, T; Aoki, M; Totsuka, T | 1,996 | The seedlings of Pinus armandi Franch. were exposed to ozone (O-3) at 300 ppb for 8 h a day, 6 days a week, and simulated acid rain of pH 3.0 or 2.3, 6 times a week, alone or in combination, for 14 weeks from 15 June to 20 September 1993. The control seedlings were exposed to charcoal-filtered air and simulated rain of... | 0 |
79,261 | Life cycle assessment for painting processes: putting the VOC issue in perspective | Dobson, ID | 1,996 | It is increasingly apparent that VOC emission reductions from coating processes have to be seen in a broader context. Firstly there is the balance between formulation, performance and cost. Secondly the issue of environmental trade-offs which accompany reductions in the VOC content of a paint formulation. Some early re... | 0 |
80,768 | Effect of chronic exposure to ozone and nitric acid on cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system of rat lung and liver | Sindhu, RK; Mautz, WJ; Fujita, I; Wang, NS; Kikkawa, Y | 1,996 | California Air Resources Board, contract AO 33-088; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, grants HL-34688 and HL-50450. | 0 |
52,794 | Carbon metabolism enzyme activities and carbon partitioning in Pinus halepensis mill exposed to mild drought and ozone | Gerant, D; Podor, M; Grieu, P; Afif, D; Cornu, S; Morabito, D; Banvoy, J; Robin, C; Dizengremel, P | 1,996 | Since several years, accelerated decline of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) forests has been observed in mediterranean areas. In fact, the combination of various environmental factors (photochemical oxidants, drought, high light, ...) was suspected to cause this decline. In this study, three year-old Aleppo pines were ... | 0 |
57,087 | Measuring spectral and spatial variations of UVA and UVB sky radiance | Blumthaler, M; Groebner, J; Huber, M; Ambach, W | 1,996 | Spectral sky radiance measurements have been obtained with a double monochromator using a 1.5 degrees field of view under varying atmospheric conditions at selected sites in Europe. Spatial variations of the intensity of the sky radiance up to a factor of 10 are observed in the UVA, which decrease to a factor of 2 in t... | 0 |
47,174 | Metropolitan New York in the greenhouse Air quality and health effects | Kleinman, LI; Lipfert, FW | 1,996 | INTRODUCTION A variety of potential effects on human health resulting from climate change have been identified in several assessments. According to an international panel1 they include direct effects of extreme temperatures on cardiovascular deaths, secondary effects due to vector-borne diseases or crop yields,... | 0 |
79,218 | Photochemical modeling of the impact of fuels and vehicles on urban ozone using auto/oil program data | Dunker, AM; Morris, RE; Pollack, AK; Schleyer, CH; Yarwood, G | 1,996 | An extensive set of emission tests has been conducted in the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program on different fuel/vehicle systems. These emission tests have been used to model the impact of fuel/vehicle changes on ozone formation in Los Angeles, Dallas-Fort Worth, and New York in 1995 and 2005/2010. Ligh... | 0 |
51,115 | Adverse effects of elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation and ozone (O3) on crop growth and productivity | Krupa, SV; Jager, HJ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
2,376 | Photostability of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on combustion soot particles in sunlight | Fan, Z; Kamens, RM; Hu, J; Zhang, J; Mcdow, S | 1,996 | Ford Motor Company. #Little is known about the stability of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) on atmospheric aerosols. In this study, the photostability of particle-associated NPAH was investigated under natural sunlight. Deuterated and native NPAH along with diesel exhaust or wood smoke particles were adde... | 0 |
26,579 | Effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat I Growth and yield | Fangmeier, A; Gruters, U; Herstein, U; Sandhage-Hofmann, A; Vermehren, B; Jager, HJ | 1,996 | Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) was exposed to three CO2 levels, in combination with two nitrogen fertilizer levels and two levels of tropospheric ozone, from sowing to ripening in open-top chambers. Three additional nitrogen fertilizer treatments were carried out at the lowest and the highest CO2 level... | 0 |
43,736 | Exposure of a grass-clover mixture to ozone in open-top chambers--effects on yield, quality and botanical composition | Pleijel, H; Karlsson, GP; Sild, E; Danielsson, H; Skarby, L; Sellden, G | 1,996 | A field-grown grass-clover mixture was exposed to four different levels of ozone in open-top chambers: filtered air, non-filtered air and non-filtered air with two different levels of ozone added. There was also an ambient air treatment with no chambers. The same pasture was exposed to ozone for two consecutive growing... | 0 |
42,568 | Size-mediated foliar response to ozone in black cherry trees | Fredericksen, TS; Skelly, JM; Steiner, KC; Koib, TE; Kouterick, KB | 1,996 | Local ozone concentration and visible foliar injury were measured over the 1994 growing season on open-grown black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) trees of varying size (age) within forest stands and adjacent openings at a site in north-central Pennsylvania. Relationships were determined between visible ozone injury and... | 0 |
74,332 | Photosynthetic responses of aspen clones to simultaneous exposures of ozone and CO2 | Kull, O; Sober, A; Coleman, MD; Dickson, RE; Isebrands, JG; Gagnon, Z; Karnosky, DF | 1,996 | null | 0 |
53,059 | Effects of simulated acid rain and ozone on foliar chemistry of field-grown Pinus ponderosa seedlings and mature trees | Momen, B; Helms, JA | 1,996 | #We investigated the additive and interactive effects of simulated acid rain and elevated ozone on C and N contents, and the C:N ratio of one-year-old and current-year foliage of field-grown mature trees and their half-sib seedlings of a stress tolerant genotype of ponderosa pine. Acid rain levels (pH 5.1 and 3.0) were... | 0 |
80,761 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: simulation with a single-path model | Bush, ML; Raybold, T; Abeles, S; Hu, SC; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, grant ES06075.A one-dimensional unsteady state diffusion model was used as a basis for simulating the absorption (lambda), breakthrough (V(B)), and dispersion (sigma2) of inhaled ozone boluses as a function of penetration (V(P)) into int... | 0 |
35,252 | The factors influencing indoor ozone levels at a commercial building in southern California: more than a year of continuous observations | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC; Naik, DV | 1,996 | Photochemical pollutants adversely affect human health, ecosystems, crops and materials. Among the materials affected are various components of sophisticated electronic equipment. In an effort, ultimately, to mitigate such effects, we have continuously measured indoor and outdoor O3 concentrations for more than a year ... | 0 |
12,665 | Inhalation accidents reported to the SWORD surveillance project 1990-1993 | Sallie, B; McDonald, C | 1,996 | #Inhalation accidents are the fifth most common cause of illness reported by occupational and chest physicians to the SWORD surveillance scheme, with an estimated total of 1180 cases in the 5-year period 1989-1994. Questionnaires were sent to all physicians still participating, to record the circumstances of each inhal... | 0 |
26,474 | Climatic change effects on the physiology and growth of Pinus ponderosa: expectations from simulation modeling | Constable, JVH; Taylor, GE; Laurence, JA; Weber, JA | 1,996 | The TREGRO model was used to simulate the growth response of mature Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. to the interacting effects of changes in CO2 (+200 AL/L), temperature (+4?C), and O3 (0.5X, lX, and 2X ambient). Relative to simulated growth under the base-line climate in Corvallis, Oregon, elevated CO2 and temperature... | 0 |
91,451 | A contingent valuation study of the value of reducing fire hazards to old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest | Loomis, JB; Gonzalez-Caban, A; Gregory, R | 1,996 | A contingent valuation methodology was applied to old-growth forests and critical habitat units for the Northern Spotted Owl in Oregon to estimate the economic value to the public in knowing that rare and unique ecosystems will be protected from fire for current and future generations. Generalizing to the whole state, ... | 0 |
80,778 | Sensitivity of lungs of aging Fischer 344 rats to ozone: Assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage | Vincent, R; Vu, D; Hatch, G; Poon, R; Dreher, K; Guenette, J; Bjarnason, S; Potvin, M; Norwood, J; Mcmullen, E | 1,996 | Health Canada (project K-281232); U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Biological effects indicators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were studied in Fischer 344 rats of different ages after exposure to 0.4-0.8 ppm ozone for periods of 2-6 h on a single day or on 4 consecutive days. The magnitude of alveolar protein ... | 1 |
80,796 | Breath isoprene: temporal changes in respiratory output after exposure to ozone | Foster, WM; Jiang, L; Stetkiewicz, PT; Risby, TH | 1,996 | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.Isoprene is a major hydrocarbon found in human breath. This study was conducted to evaluate whether respiratory isoprene output could serve as a monitor for oz... | 0 |
54,071 | Theoretical, actinometric, and radiometric determinations of the photolysis rate coefficient of NO2 during the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 2 | Lantz, KO; Shetter, RE; Cantrell, CA; Flocke, SJ; Calvert, JG; Madronich, S | 1,996 | Measurements of the photolysis rate coefficient of NO2 (jNO2) were made using a chemical actinometer during the fall (September 15 to October 23, 1991), winter (January 15 to February 15, 1992), spring (April 15 to May 15, 1992), and summer (July 15 to August 15, 1992) intensives during the second Mauna Loa Observatory... | 0 |
82,855 | NO2-Konzentration der Aussenluft und ambulante Arztkontakte asthmakranker Kinder [Environmental NO2 levels and out-patient consultations by asthmatic children] | Seidler, A; Schlaud, M; Robra, BP; Schwartz, FW | 1,996 | In a representative sample of 72 sentinel practices in Lower Saxony and 61 sentinel practices in Saxony-Anhalt, physicians were requested to record all consultations of asthmatic children (aged up to 8 years) over a period of 6 and 3 months, respectively. Children were classified as asymptomatic or newly symptomatic at... | 0 |
30,282 | Ozone and plant health | Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,996 | #Phytotoxic effects of ozone are described with emphasis on secondary plant metabolism. Numerous ozone-induced genes, enzymes and stress metabolites of antioxidative and phytopathological defense reactions have been discovered for herbaceous plants and forest tree species. Ozone induces reactions normally elicited by v... | 0 |
82,678 | Increased 5-lipoxygenase metabolism in the lungs of human subjects exposed to ozone | Coffey, MJ; Wheeler, CS; Gross, KB; Eschenbacher, WL; Sporn, PHS; Peters-Golden, M | 1,996 | National Institute of Health Grants HL-47391, Specialized Center of Research HL-46487; Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs; General Motors Research and Development Center; Clinical Investigator Development Award from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and the American Lung Association of M... | 0 |
80,357 | Production of the hydroxyl radical in indoor air | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC | 1,996 | #Certain alkenes known to have significant indoor concentrations react with O3 at rates that are comparable to or faster than typical air exchangerates in commercial and residential buildings; these reactions produce thehydroxyl radical (OH) in meaningful yields. The present study uses a one-compartment mass balance mo... | 0 |
82,723 | [Effects of ozone on some biochemical indicators of bronchoalvellar lavage fluid and pulmonary morphology] | Li, X; Luo, F; Fang, Q | 1,996 | null | 0 |
2,575 | Measuring the emissions of passing cars | Bishop, GA; Stedman, DH | 1,996 | National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Transportation; Colorado State Office of Energy Conservatism; American Petroleum Institute; states of California and Illinois; Remote sensing Technologies of Ticson, AZ; University of Denver. #Here, in situ sensing of the emissions fr... | 0 |
47,934 | A tropospheric ozone-lightning climate feedback | Toumi, R; Haigh, JD; Law, KS | 1,996 | #Tropospheric ozone is an important greenhouse gas. In the upper troposphere one of the major sources of ozone are the nitrogen oxides produced by lightning [IPCC, 1995]. Recently it has been shown that the number of lightning flashes may be very sensitive to changes in the surface temperature [Williams, 1992]. Here we... | 0 |
81,234 | Relative power of alternative ambient air pollution metrics for detecting chronic health effects in epidemiological studies | Abbey, DE; Burchette, RJ | 1,996 | #A number of alternative metrics for characterizing ambient air pollution concentrations were compared with regards to their relative power for detecting health effects as associated with long-term ambient concentrations of ozone and total suspended particulates (TSP). The health effects studied included development of... | 0 |
52,978 | Effect of O3 on hydraulic architecture in pima cotton | Grantz, DA; Yang, SD | 1,996 | Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cv S-6) exhibits foliar injury and yield reduction at ambient concentrations of O3. We tested the hypotheses that O3 reduces the allocation of biomass to the root system, and that this disrupted carbohydrate allocation impairs root hydraulic capacity relative to transpiring leaf are... | 0 |
47,448 | Global total ozone dynamics Impact on surface solar ultraviolet radiation variability and ecosystems Pt 1 Global ozone dynamics and environmental safety | Kondratyev, KY; Varotsos, CA | 1,996 | An overview of the ozone issues is given including the following aspects: 1. The impact of tropospheric ozone on climate as a green- house gas (GHG), 2. Solar activity effects on TO and ozone concentration vertical profiles in both the troposphere and stratosphere (in cases of solar radiation absorption by the stratosp... | 0 |
80,401 | Polar ozone depletion (Nobel lecture) | Molina, MJ | 1,996 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation. | 0 |
82,680 | Effects of ozone upon macrophage-interferon interactions | Cohen, MD; Zelikoff, JT; Qu, Q; Schlesinger, RB | 1,996 | National Institure of Occupational Safety and Health:; Electric Power Research Institute: National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences. Lung cell populations may be directly exposed to environmental airborne toxicants such as ozone (O3). Since pulmonary macrophages (M?) play a pivotal role in host pulmonary imm... | 0 |
9,705 | Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance | McArdle, WD; Katch, FI; Katch, VL | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,389 | Air quality model evaluation data for organics: 3 Peroxyacetyl nitrate and peroxypropionyl nitrate in Los Angeles air | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D; Fraser, MP; Cass, GR | 1,996 | Ambient levels of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH-3C(O)OONO-2) and peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN, CH-3CH-2C(O)OONO-2) have been measured during the 2-week period Aug 28-Sept 13, 1993, at four locations in the urban Los Angeles area. Highest concentrations recorded were 9.9 ppb for PAN and 1.5 ppb for PPN. Diurnal and spat... | 0 |
54,166 | Numerical analysis and estimation of the statistical error of differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements with least-squares methods | Stutz, J; Platt, U | 1,996 | #Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has become a widely used method to measure trace gases in the atmosphere. Their concentration is retrieved by a numerical analysis of the atmospheric absorption spectra, which often are a combination of overlapping absorption structures of several trace gases. A ne... | 0 |
88,908 | Critical loads for nitrogen deposition: case studies at two northern hardwood forests | Pardo, LH; Driscoll, CT | 1,996 | A critical load of a pollutant is the level of input below which no harmful ecological effects occur to a complex ecosystem. Critical loads are being used in policy decisions regarding air pollution emissions. In this paper, we applied four mass and charge balance methods of calculating critical loads to two northern h... | 0 |
82,508 | Short-term air pollution exposures and responses in Los Angeles area schoolchildren | Linn, WS; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Peng, RC; Avol, EL; Hackney, JD; Gong, H, Jr | 1,996 | We studied 269 school children from three Southern California communities of contrasting air quality in two successive school years, to investigate short-term effects of ambient ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or particulate matter (PM) on respiratory health. We measured lung function and symptoms twice daily for o... | 1 |
53,310 | Properties of the Akaike information criterion | Awad, AM | 1,996 | The paper gives the origins of AIC and discusses the main properties of this measure when it is applied to continuous and discrete models. It is illustrated that AIC is not a measure of informativity because it fails to have some expected properties of information measures. Some modifications of AIC are pointed out tog... | 0 |
82,711 | The local C-fiber contribution to ozone-induced effects on the isolated guinea pig lung | Joad, JP; Kott, KS; Bric, JM | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Grant No. 00628.We studied the local role of C-fibers, in the absence of systemic effects and blood components of inflammation, on lung responses to ozone. Guinea pigs were pretreated with capsaicin to deplete C-fibers or with vehicle. One week later their isolated, ... | 1 |
47,624 | Chemical and physical properties of plumes of anthropogenic pollutants transported over the North Atlantic during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment | Daum, PH; Kleinman, LI; Newman, L; Luke, WT; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Berkowitz, CM; Busness, KM | 1,996 | Plumes of photochemical pollutants transported from the industrialized regions of the northeast United States and Canada were sampled over the North Atlantic Ocean at distances up to 1000 km from the coast. The plumes were found in well defined layers up to 1 km thick and were usually isolated from the surface by a low... | 0 |
80,758 | Monitoring ambient ozone with a passive measurement technique method, field results and strategy | Scheeren, BA; Adema, EH | 1,996 | C.N.R. Instituto Inquinamento Atmosferico (Centre of National Research; Institute of Air Pollution), Rome, Italy. | 0 |
37,897 | System to measure relative rate constants of semivolatile organic compounds with hydroxyl radicals | Anderson, PN; Hites, RA | 1,996 | A system to determine rate constants for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical with semivolatile organic compounds under tropospheric conditions is described. The system incorporates on-line mass spectrometric detection to improve experimental time resolution and to minimize sampling volume. The reaction apparatus is he... | 0 |
47,804 | Transport and processing of O3 and O3 precursors over the North Atlantic: an overview of the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive | Fehsenfeld, FC; Daum, P; Leaitch, WR; Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Hubler, G | 1,996 | In the summer of 1993, airborne and ground-based measurements of O and O precursors were made in the North Atlantic region. These studies were made by an international team of scientists collaborating as part of the North Atlantic Regional Experiment, an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry projec... | 0 |
48,057 | A new conceptual model for cyclones generated in the lee of the Rocky Mountains | Hobbs, PV; Locatelli, JD; Martin, JE | 1,996 | ABSTRACT When a shortwave trough moves eastward over the Rocky Mountains and into the central United States, the following important features may form: a drytrough (i.e., a lee trough that also has the characteristics of a dryline), an arctic front, a low-level jet, and two synoptic-scale rainbands (called the cold fro... | 0 |
86,105 | The dilemma of exposing or burying a complementary medical approach | Dianzani, F | 1,996 | null | 0 |
51,156 | Combined effects of changing CO2, temperature, UV-B radiation and O3 on crop growth | Unsworth, MH; Hogsett, WE | 1,996 | null | 0 |
86,260 | Changes in receptor function by oxidative stress in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle | Van Hoof, IHJM; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,996 | #We studied the effects of hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and ozone on muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptor responses in guinea pig tracheal tissue. Pretreatment of the tracheal strips with hydrogen peroxide (up to 10 mM) did not affect the muscarinic or beta-adrenergic receptor responses after stimulation wit... | 0 |
80,732 | Ozone and childhood wheezy episodes: meteorological confounders must be considered [letter] | Ayres, JG | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
80,781 | Enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone during lactation in rats: evaluation of the influence of inhaled dose | Weideman, PA; Chen, LC; Gunnison, AF | 1,996 | National Institute Environmental Health and Safety grant ES 05939, ES 00260. | 0 |
38,019 | Oxidation of toluene in NOx free air: product distribution and mechanism | Seuwen, R; Warneck, P | 1,996 | Product distributions resulting from the oxidation of toluene in air initiated by chlorine atoms. by toluene photolysis, and by hydroxyl radicals were studied at atmospheric pressure in the absence of nitrogen oxides. In the first case only benzaldehyde and benzylalcohol with a ratio of 7.8 +/- 1.7 were observed, from ... | 0 |
36,340 | Correlation in the tolerance to ozone between sporophytes and male gametophytes of several fruit and tree nut species (Rosaceae) | Hormaza, JI; Pinney, K; Polito, VS | 1,996 | We analyzed relative sensitivities to ozone partial pressure for male gametophytes (pollen and pollen tubes) of five tree-crop species in the family Rosaceae (almond, apple, apricot, nectarine/peach, pear) and of four cultivars of almond. Relative sensitivities to ozone partial pressure were previously described using ... | 0 |
81,158 | Acute effects of summer air pollution on respiratory function in primary school children in southern England | Scarlett, JF; Abbott, KJ; Peacock, JL; Strachan, DP; Anderson, HR | 1,996 | BACKGROUND: There is growing concern about health effects of air pollution in the UK. Studies in the USA have reported adverse effects on lung function among children but no comparable studies have been published in the UK. This study investigates the relationship between daily changes in ambient air pollution and shor... | 1 |
43,759 | Chronic ozone effects on three northeastern hardwood species: growth and biomass | Rebbeck, J | 1,996 | The response of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings after being exposed to two seasons of ozone ranging from subambient to twice ambient (exposures ranged from 16 to 107 ppmAh in 1990 and 31 to 197 ppmAh in 1991) was studied... | 0 |
82,688 | Longitudinal studies of air pollution effects on lung function | Dockery, DW; Brunekreef, B | 1,996 | University of Wageningen, The Netherlands; U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #N/A. | 0 |
80,197 | Relationships between indoor and outdoor contaminants in mechanically ventilated buildings | Ekberg, LE | 1,996 | It is shown that comparing measured indoor and outdoor contaminant concentrations can be misleading if the concentrations vary with time and if the averaging periods are too short. In this article an alternative methodology aimed at estimating the internal source and sink effects in mechanically ventilated buildings is... | 0 |
83,194 | California residential indoor air quality study: An overview | Billick, IH; Behrens, DW; Becker, EW; Garrison, CA; Wilson, AL; Colome, SD; Tian, Y | 1,996 | null | 0 |
47,935 | Radiative forcing due to increased tropospheric ozone concentrations | Chalita, S; Hauglustaine, DA; Le Treut, H; Muller, JF; Penkett S eds | 1,996 | Increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations have been observed in the past decades in industrialized and remote areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Since ozone absorbs both solar and infrared radiation, several studies concerning the tropospheric ozone-climate problem have been recently conducted mainly with one- and tw... | 0 |
82,715 | 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal-protein adducts and apoptosis in murine lung cells after acute ozone exposure | Kirichenko, A; Li, L; Morandi, MT; Holian, A | 1,996 | Ozone is a photochemically generated pollutant that can cause acute pulmonary inflammation and induce cellular injury and may contribute to the development or exacerbation of chronic lung diseases. Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms of ozone and oxidant-induced cellular injury are still uncertain. Ozone ha... | 0 |
36,395 | Variable patterns of antioxidant protection but similar ethene emission differences in several ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant plant selections | Wellburn, FAM; Wellburn, AR | 1,996 | Six pairs of O3-sensitive and O3-tolerant cultivars, clones or populations of different plants (tobacco, plantain, clover, radish, poplar and loblolly pine) were taken through identical but short episodic exposures to O3 in a controlled-environment fumigation system. Emissions of ethene and concentrations of polyamines... | 0 |
39,065 | Comparison of MOBILE41 and MOBILE5 productions with measurements of vehicle emission factors in Fort McHenry and Tuscarora mountain tunnels | Robinson, NF; Pierson, WR; Gertler, AW; Sagebiel, JC | 1,996 | null | 0 |
82,669 | Hydroxylation of salicylate in lungs of Fischer 344 rats: effects of aging and ozone exposure | Liu, L; Kumarathasan, P; Guenette, J; Vincent, R | 1,996 | Health Canada, project K-281232.#The formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) from salicylate was measured in the lungs and plasma to assay for the .OH in juvenile (2 mo), adult (9 mo), and senescent (24 mo) Fischer 344 male rats exposed to clean air, 1 part/million (ppm) ozone, or 2 ppm ozone for 2 h. Similar rat... | 0 |
80,775 | Effects of smog on absenteeism in forestry workers | Van Charante, AWM; Mulder, PG | 1,996 | Absenteeism among 161 Dutch forestry workers was investigated in a cohort study. The rate of taking sick leave was related to the concentrations of sulfate and ozone in ambient air, the air temperature, and the relative humidity. The incidence of absenteeism was treated as a Poisson process, with the size of population... | 0 |
83,126 | National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter; proposed rule | null | 1,996 | SUMMARY: In accordance with sections 108 and 109 of the Clean Air Act (Act), EPA has reviewed the air quality criteria and national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) and for ozone (O3). Based on these reviews, EPA proposes to change the standards for both classes of pollutants. This docu... | 0 |
80,765 | Statistical design aspects of the NTP/HEI collaborative study on the health effects of chronic ozone inhalation | Catalano, PJ; Ryan, LM; Kaden, DA | 1,996 | The purpose of the NTP/HEI Collaborative Study was to assess exposure- and concentration-related health effects associated with chronic exposure to ozone. Data were obtained from 164 animals specially dedicated to HEI from a standard ozone inhalation study conducted by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the Na... | 0 |
83,488 | Carbon monoxide and carotid body chemoreception | Overholt, JL; Bright, GR; Prabhakar, NR | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,380 | Air quality criteria for particulate matter, volume 1 of 3 | null | 1,996 | Table of Contents: Executive Summary; Introduction; Physics and Chemistry of Particulate Matter; Sampling and Analysis Methods for Particulate Matter and Acid Deposition; Sources and Emissions of Atmospheric Particles; Environmental Concentrations; and Human Exposure to Particulate Matter: Relations to Ambient and Indo... | 0 |
55,176 | Corrigendum to "The distribution of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere: the effects of ozone, aerosols and clouds" | Lu, Y; Khalil, MAK | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
76,229 | Ozone and daily mortality: the ramifications of uncertainties and interactions and some initial regression | Wyzga, RE; Lipfert, FW | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,817 | A socioeconomic assessment of human exposure to ozone in the South Coast Air Basin of California | Korc, ME | 1,996 | The purpose of this study is to assess by age, race, ethnicity, and income the effects of air pollution control measures and population growth on human exposure to ozone in the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB). A methodology to study human exposure to air pollutants from a socioeconomic perspective has been ... | 0 |
80,813 | The NTP/HEI collaborative ozone project on the health effects of chronic ozone inhalation | Kaden, DA; Warren, J; Ryan, L; Boorman, G; Mellick, P | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant X816285; Health Effects Institute. | 0 |
82,730 | A probabilistic assessment of health risks associated with short-term exposure to tropospheric ozone | Whitfield, RG; Biller, WF; Jusko, MJ; Keisler, JM | 1,996 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency with U.S. Department of Energy. | 0 |
81,160 | Asthma and the indoor environment: The significance of emission of formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds from newly painted indoor surfaces | Wieslander, G; Norback, D; Bjornsson, E; Janson, C; Boman, G | 1,996 | As a part of the worldwide European Community Respiratory Health Survey, possible relations between asthma and emissions from newly painted indoor surfaces were studied. The participants (n= 562) answered a self-administered questionnaire, with questions on symptoms and indoor exposures, including indoor painting, duri... | 0 |
52,487 | NOy blue ribbon panel | Crosley, DR | 1,996 | Total NOy was determined on the Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A using two separate instruments, one operated by Georgia Institute of Technology and one by Nagoya University. The two data sets exhibited significant disagreement, with no systematic correlation, and differences often a factor of 2 or more. Additionally... | 0 |
52,292 | Inverse modeling of biogenic emissions | Chang, ME; Hartley, DE; Cardelino, C; Chang, WL | 1,996 | Using current biogenic emission estimates, Urban Airshed Model simulations for Atlanta, Georgia substantially underpredict isoprene concentrations relative to observations. In this work, an inverse method is used to determine the biogenic isoprene emissions for Atlanta that minimize the difference between the model-sim... | 0 |
41,568 | The atmospheric fate and impact of hydrochlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated solvents | Sidebottom, H; Franklin, J | 1,996 | A very considerable body of data pertaining to the atmospheric behaviour of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and chlorinated solvents is now available and leads to the following conclusions: (a) these compounds, with the exception of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, make a small or insignificant contribution to stratospheric ozo... | 0 |
83,626 | Ozone-induced damage of Escherichia coli K-12 | Komanapalli, IR; Lau, BHS | 1,996 | Escherichia coli K-12 transformed with pA-CYC184 plasmid DNA was exposed to ozone (O3) in aqueous solution. The damage to the membrane, protein, plasmid DNA, and cell survival were investigated. Cell viability was unaffected by short-term O3 exposure (1-5 min) but membrane permeability was compromised as indicated by p... | 0 |
37,910 | UV spectrum and kinetics of hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals | Bjergbakke, E; Sillesen, A; Pagsberg, P | 1,996 | High yields of H-atoms and OH-radicals were produced by pulse radiolysis of Ar/H2O mixtures, and in the presence of C6H6, the addition reactions (1a) OH + C6H6 --> HO-C6H6 and (2) H + C6H6 --> H-C6H6 have been studied by transient ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy of the short-lived radicals OH, HO--C6H6, and H-C6H6.... | 0 |
55,448 | Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by outdoor workers in nine urban areas using a probabilistic version of NEM | Johnson, T; Capel, J; Mccoy, M; Mozier, JW | 1,996 | null | 0 |
78,646 | Water-soluble organics in atmospheric particles: a critical review of the literature and applications of thermodynamics to identify candidate compounds | Saxena, P; Hildemann, LM | 1,996 | Electric Power Research Institute. Although organic compounds typically constitute a substantial fraction of the fine particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere, their molecular composition remains poorly characterized. This is largely because atmospheric particles contain a myriad of diverse organic compounds, not all ... | 0 |
85,985 | Plant response to air pollution | Yunus, M; Iqbal, M | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
80,790 | Morphology, function, and response of pulmonary type I cells: a review | Dormans, JAMA | 1,996 | A portrait is given of the characteristic features of the mammalian pulmonary type I cell, including morphological, morphometrical, physiological, and biochemical hallmarks. The effects of toxic agents on type I cells are reviewed, as well as their relationship with type II cells. Possibilities are discussed with regar... | 0 |
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