REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
86,163 | [Airway hyperresponsiveness and airway mucosal permeability] | Ikeda, H; Nishiyama, H; Kaneko, T; Nishikawa, M; Yamakawa, H; Okubo, T | 1,996 | null | 0 |
43,107 | Fundamentals of atmospheric physics | Salby, ML | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
51,295 | Modeling of the processing and removal of trace gas and aerosol species by Arctic radiation fogs and comparison with measurements | Bergin, MH; Pandis, SN; Davidson, CI; Jaffrezo, JL; Dibb, JE; Russell, AG; Kuhns, HD | 1,996 | A Lagrangian radiation fog model is applied to a fog event at Summit, Greenland. The model simulates the formation and dissipation of fog. Included in the model are detailed gas and aqueous phase chemistry, and deposition of chemical species with fog droplets. Model predictions of the gas phase concentrations of H2 O2 ... | 0 |
80,402 | Stratospheric ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (Nobel lecture) | Rowland, FS | 1,996 | null | 0 |
47,340 | The reactions of ozone with alkenes: an important source of HOx in the boundary layer | Paulson, SE; Orlando, JJ | 1,996 | #The reactions of ozone with alkenes have been shown recently to lead to the direct production of OH radicals. Organic peroxy radicals (RO2 ) probably accompany the production of OH. In this paper, we draw attention to the potential importance of these reactions in the primary production of HOx (HOx =OH, HO2 and RO2 ) ... | 0 |
42,663 | ESPACE-wheat (European stress physiology and climate experiment - Project 1: wheat): objectives, general approach, and first results | Hertstein, U; Fangmeier, A; Jager, HJ | 1,996 | The "European Stress Physiology and Climate Experiment - project 1: wheat" (acronym: ESPACE-wheat) is funded by the EU since 1994. In the present paper the projects goals, the general methodological approach, and a summary of the experimental work performed in 1994 and 1995 are described. Main objectives of the project... | 0 |
80,249 | Indoor climate labeling of building materials: The experimental approach for a prototype | Wolkoff, P; Nielsen, PA | 1,996 | A system for labeling building materials according to their impact on the indoor air quality has been developed and introduced in Denmark. The system takes into account the emission decay of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from new building materials according to their impact on comfort and health. The principle is t... | 0 |
80,829 | Adaptation to ozone in rats and its association with ascorbic acid in the lung | Wiester, MJ; Tepper, JS; Winsett, DW; Crissman, KM; Richards, JH; Costa, DL | 1,996 | Ozone (O3) adaptation is a well-known, but poorly understood phenomenon that has been demonstrated in humans and laboratory animals. This study examined pulmonary function and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) parameters in O3-adapted F-344 rats to explore possible mechanisms of adaptation. Of particular interest was... | 1 |
52,446 | Summary of ozone dry deposition velocity measurements and model estimates over vineyard, cotton, grass and deciduous forest in summer | Padro, J | 1,996 | #Measurements of dry deposition velocity (Vd) of O3 (using the eddy correlation technique) and related air quality parameters were made during the Summer of 1991 in Fresno, California over a vineyard, a cotton field and senescent grass. Similar measurements were made over a mixed deciduous forest in Ontario, Canada dur... | 0 |
80,794 | Ozone and childhood wheezy episodes: needs testing as an a priori hypothesis [letter] | Evans, MR; Richardson, G; Al-Jader, LN; Burr, ML | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
30,122 | The duration and rate of grain growth, and harvest index, of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) in response to temperature and CO2 | Wheeler, TR; Hong, TD; Ellis, RH; Batts, GR; Morrison, JIL; Hadley, P | 1,996 | Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Hereward) was grown in the field inside polyethylene-covered tunnels at a range of temperatures at either 380 or 684 Amol mol-1 CO2. Serial harvests were taken from anthesis until harvest maturity. Grain yield was reduced by warmer temperatures, but increased by CO2 enrichment at ... | 0 |
13,065 | Increased immune and inflammatory responses to dust mite antigen in rats exposed to 5 ppm NO2 | Gilmour, MI; Park, P; Selgrade, MK | 1,996 | Immune hypersensitivity to house dust mite antigen (HDM) isa frequent cause of respiratory allergy. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to NO2, a common indoor air pollutant, modulates immune responses to HDM and influences immune-mediated lung disease. Brown Norway rats were immunized ip with... | 0 |
24,023 | Comparison of dry deposition velocities for SO2, HNO3, and SO4(2-) estimated with two inferential models | Brook, JR; Sirois, A; Clarke, JF | 1,996 | Dry deposition velocity estimates of SO2, HNO3 and SO~ were computed for six locations in eastern North America using two different inferential models; a Big-Leaf model utilized by the U.S. National Dry Deposition Network (NDDN) and, a land-use based model (LUM) that has been used in the past to estimate the relative i... | 0 |
80,728 | Influence of surfactant on cytokine release from ozone-exposed human and bovine alveolar macrophages in vitro | Mosbach, M; Wiener-Schmuck, M; Seidel, A | 1,996 | Previous studies at our laboratory demonstrated that ozone, a ubiquitous air pollutant, was able to induce the liberation of cytokines from alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. As the lung cells in the alveoli are lined by surfactant, we exposed to ozone in this study surfactant-coated human (HAM) and bovine (BAM) alveo... | 0 |
82,729 | In vitro assessment of environmental toxicology using alveolar cells as target | Wallaert, B; Gosset, P; Boitelle, A; Tonnel, AB | 1,996 | Biphasic culture of alveolar cells (alveolar macrophages and type II cells) has been widely developed and permits a precise evaluation of the toxic effects of air pollutants. Clearly, in vitro exposure of alveolar cells to high concentrations of oxidant gases is responsible for a loss of cell viability. In contrast, wh... | 0 |
54,066 | Model study indicating halogen activation and ozone destruction in polluted air masses transported to the sea | Sander, R; Crutzen, PJ | 1,996 | A chemical box model of the marine boundary layer has been developed. It treats reactions in the gas phase and in deliquesced sea-salt aerosol particles. A quasi-size-dependent approach was used to obtain mean values of those aerosol properties that depend on the droplet radii. A residence time of 2 days was assumed fo... | 0 |
41,776 | Consequences of air pollution on shoot-root interactions | Rennenberg, H; Herschbach, C; Polle, A | 1,996 | The impact of SO-2, NO-2 and O-3 on physiological processes in plants and their consequences at the whole-plant level are discussed in the present paper. Ozon interacts with carbon allocation most likely by inhibiting sucrose export. This causes an accumulation of carbohydrates and starch in leaves and results in a red... | 0 |
82,690 | Effects of ozone on symptoms among persons with pollen rhinitis in Umea, Sweden | Forsberg, B; Blomberg, A; Thomasson, L; Sandstrom, T | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,749 | Effet de l'exposition in vitro a l'ozone sur la contraction du muscle lisse des voies aeriennes humaines et de rat [Effect of in vitro exposure to ozone on contraction of smooth muscle in human and rat airways] | Roux, E; Savineau, JP; Marthan, R | 1,996 | null | 0 |
44,149 | Potential ozone production following convective transport based on future emission scenarios | Ellis, WG; Thompson, AM; Kondra | 1,996 | Current and projected (up to 2050 A.D.) concentrations of boundary layer trace gases, including NOx, CO, CH4, and several nonmethane hydrocarbons were redistributed throughout the troposphere in a simulation of a central U.S. squall line using the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) convective cloud model. Vertical profiles... | 0 |
83,117 | Human bronchial smooth muscle responsiveness after in vitro exposure to oxidizing pollutants | Marthan, R; Roux, E; Savineau, JP | 1,996 | The aims of this work were (1) to determine the dose-response relationship between ex vivo exposure to oxidizing pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the aldehyde acrolein, and ozone (Oinf 3), and the reactivity to agonists in isolated human bronchial smooth muscle; and (2) to investigate the alterations in the c... | 0 |
48,367 | Mesoscale model simulations of TRACE A and preliminary regional experiment for storm-scale operational and research meteorology convective systems and associated tracer transport | Wang, Y; Tao, WK; Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Kain, JS; Adler, RF; Simpson, J; Keehn, PR; Lai, GS | 1,996 | A tropical mesoscale convective system (MCS) during the Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic (TRACE A) experiment and a midlatitude squall line during Preliminary Regional Experiment for Storm-scale Operational and Research Meteorology (PRESTORM) were simulated with the National Center for Atmo... | 0 |
83,419 | Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen on the synchrony of shoot and root growth in ponderosa pine | Tingey, DT; Johnson, MG; Phillips, DL; Johnson, DW; Ball, JT | 1,996 | We monitored effects of elevated CO2 and N fertilization on shoot and fine root growth of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. and C. Laws. grown in native soil in open-top field-exposure chambers at Placerville, CA, over a 2-year period. The experimental design was a replicated 3 x 3 factorial with the center treatment ... | 0 |
80,798 | Ozone-induced vagal reflex modulates airways reactivity in rabbits | Freed, AN; Chou, CL; Fuller, SD; Croxton, TL | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences ES03819; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute R01 HL50579.We examined the effects of ozone (O3) on central and peripheral airway reactivity and tracheal transepithelial potential difference (PD) in New Zealand white rabbits. Rabbits were exposed for 7 h to eithe... | 1 |
26,645 | Predicting ozone uptake from meteorological and environmental variables | Fredericksen, TS; Skelly, JM; Snyder, KR; Steiner, KC; Koib, TE | 1,996 | Predictions of foliar ozone uptake rates of seedling and canopy black cherry trees (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were made using concurrent measurements of ambient ozone concentration and other environmental and meteorological data during two growing seasons in north-central Pennsylvania. The objective of the study was to de... | 0 |
82,674 | Alteration of alveolar macrophage chemotaxis, cell adhesion, and cell adhesion molecules following ozone exposure of rats | Bhalla, DK | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health.Ozone (O3) exposure of humans and animals induces an inflammatory response in the lung, which is associated with macrophage stimulation, release of chemotactic agents, and recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). This study w... | 0 |
83,107 | Particles in the air: the enigma of urban air pollution | Seaton, A | 1,996 | null | 0 |
82,792 | Specific air pollutants and the Philadelphia mortality associations | Dockery, DW; Hoek, G; Schwartz, J; Neas, LM | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. N/A. | 0 |
82,681 | Reaction of ozone with enzymes of erythrocyte membranes | Mudd, JB; Dawson, PJ; Adams, JR; Wingo, J; Santrock, J | 1,996 | University of California Toxic Substances Research and Teaching Program Grant 447611-19909; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES06257.#Ozone is a widespread component of polluted air. It is the cause of many adverse effects on the lung such as decreased athletic performance and exacerbation of a... | 0 |
53,502 | Modeling of ozone formation at a rural site in southern Ontario | Plummer, DA; Mcconnell, JC; Shepson, PB; Hastie, DR; Niki, H | 1,996 | #A one-dimensional time-dependent photochemical diffusion model has been used to simulate the chemical and vertical transport processes occurring at a rural location within Southern Ontario. The model output has been compared with the extensive measurements of several atmospheric trace gases which were made at a rural ... | 0 |
53,074 | The effects of different ozone exposures on three contrasting populations of Plantago major | Pearson, S; Davison, AW; Reiling, K; Ashenden, T; Ollerenshaw, JH | 1,996 | Plantago major grows throughout Britain in a range of ozone climates. Because populations have been shown to differ in ozone resistance, the aim of the experiment was to compare the reaction of populations from contrasting ozone climates to different types of ozone exposure. Three populations were grown under controlle... | 1 |
20,428 | Catechin, proanthocyanidin and lignin contents of loblolly pint (Pinus taeda) needles after chronic exposure to ozone | Booker, FL; Anttonen, S; Heagle, AS | 1,996 | Concentrations of soluble and bound phenolic compounds were measured in needles of 3-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees exposed from May to November 1993 to a range of ozone (O3) concentrations in open-top field chambers. The treatments were charcoal-filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), and NF air with O3... | 0 |
82,655 | Ozone exposure and daily mortality in Mexico City: A time-series analysis | Loomis, DP; Borja-Aburto, VH; Bangdiwala, SI; Shy, CM | 1,996 | Daily death counts in Mexico City were examined in relation to ambient ozone levels during 1990-1992 for the purpose of investigating the acute, irreversible effects of air pollution, with emphasis on ozone exposure. Air pollution data were obtained from nine monitoring stations operated by the Departamento del Distrit... | 0 |
48,296 | Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE A | Pickering, KE; Thompson, AM; Wang, Y; Tao, WK; Mcnamara, DP; Kirchhoff, WJH; Heikes, BG; Sachse, GW; Bradshaw, JD; Gregory, GL; Blake, DR | 1,996 | A series of large mesoscale convective systems that occurred during the Brazilian phase of GTE/TRACE A (Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic) provided an opportunity to observe deep convective transport of trace gases from biomass burning. This paper reports a detailed analysis uf flight 6, on ... | 0 |
80,832 | Biomarkers of lung inflammation in recreational joggers exposed to ozone | Kinney, PL; Nilsen, DM; Lippmann, M; Brescia, M; Gordon, T; Mcgovern, T; El Fawal, H; Devlin, RB; Rom, WN | 1,996 | Humans exhibit an acute inflammatory response in the lungs after controlled laboratory exposure to ozone. The present study was designed to test whether biomarkers of inflammation are detectable in humans exposed to ozone and associated copollutants under natural conditions outdoors. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar l... | 0 |
12,433 | Climate change 1995: The science of climate change. Contribution of working group I to the second assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change | null | 1,996 | 1st part of Foreword. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was jointly established by the World Meteorological Organisation and the United Nations Environment Programme in 1988, in order to: (i) assess available scientific information on climate change, (ii) assess the environmental and socio-economic ... | 0 |
82,721 | The use of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay in detecting DNA single strand breaks in lung cells in vitro | Lee, JG; Madden, MC; Reed, W; Adler, K; Devlin, R | 1,996 | DNA single strand breaks (SSB) can be used as a biomarker of oxidant exposure, and also as an indicator of the carcinogenicity/ mutagenicity of a substance. The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay is more sensitive and requires fewer cells compared to other techniques used for detecting SSB. We examined the ut... | 0 |
55,128 | Estimates of ozone depletion and skin cancer incidence to examine the Vienna Convention achievements | Slaper, H; Velders, GJM; Daniel, JS; de Gruijl, FR; Van der Leun, JC | 1,996 | DEPLETION of the ozone layer has been observed on a global scale(1), and is probably related to halocarbon emissions, Ozone depletion increases the biologically harmful solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of theEarth, which leads to a variety of adverse effects, including an increase in the incidence of sk... | 0 |
38,009 | Atmospheric photochemical oxidation of benzene: benzene + OH and the benzene-OH adduct (hydroxyl-2,4-cyclohexadienyl) + O2 | Lay, TH; Bozzelli, JW; Seinfeld, JH | 1,996 | The addition of hydroxyl radical to benzene leading to the formation of the hydroxyl-2,4-cyclohexadienyl radical (benzene-OH adduct, BOH) initiates the atmospheric oxidation of benzene. This reaction and subsequent reactions of the BOH adduct with O2 are chemically activated reactions. Rate constants of these chemicall... | 0 |
42,540 | A time-concentration study on the effects of ozone on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L): 1. Effects on yield | Finnan, JM; Jones, MB; Burke, JI | 1,996 | Spring-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. `Promessa') was grown in open-top chambers and ambient-air plots at a site in the southeast of Ireland, and exposed to different concentrations of ozone in a 3-year study carried out from 1991 to 1993. The treatments used in the study were charcoal-filtered air, non-filtered... | 0 |
82,664 | UV-B increases (1979-1992) from decreases in total ozone | Herman, JR; Bhartia, PK; Ziemke, J; Ahmad, Z; Larko, D | 1,996 | Increases in ultraviolet fluxes (300 nm to 340 nm) reaching the ground between 1979 and 1992 are estimated using measured stratospheric ozone amounts and reflectivity data from Nimbus-7/TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer). The UV-increases are estimated from an ozone data set obtained using a new algorithm incorpor... | 0 |
46,918 | Role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere | Dentener, FJ; Carmichael, GR; Zhang, Y; Lelieveld, J; Crutzen, PJ | 1,996 | A global three-dimensional model of the troposphere is used to simulate the sources, abundances, and sinks of mineral aerosol and the species involved in the photochemical oxidant, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Although the calculated heterogeneous removal rates on mineral aerosol are highly uncertain, mainly due to poo... | 0 |
83,587 | Epidemiologic studies on ozone | Nyberg, F; Pershagen, G | 1,996 | null | 0 |
83,564 | Controlled human studies of ozone exposure | Bylin, G | 1,996 | This review summarized the results of short term ozone (10028156) exposure studies in humans. Studies reported effects on normal lung function measurements including breathing pattern and oxygen uptake; lung function after single exposure with emphasis on normal subject lung function, the reproducibility of the findin... | 0 |
80,257 | A method for determination of the sink effect of VOCs from building materials | Kjaer, UD; Nielsen, PA; Vejrup, KV; Wolkoff, P | 1,996 | It is important to know both the emission and the sorption behavior of materials when constructing or renovating buildings in order to avoid material related indoor climate problems. With a general, low-cost test method, the sink effect of materials under normal conditions can be incorporated as information in an indoo... | 0 |
36,390 | Ozone affects birch (Betula pendula Roth) phenylpropanoid, polyamine and active oxygen detoxifying pathways at biochemical and gene expression level | Tuomainen, J; Pellinen, R; Roy, S; Kiiskinen, M; Eloranta, T; Karjalainen, R; Kangasjarvi, J | 1,996 | We have studied ozone-induced reactions at biochemical and mRNA level in two birch clones that differ in their ozone-sensitivity. When exposed to a single 8 hour ozone pulse (150 ppb), first visible injuries appeared in 24 hours in the sensitive clone and lead eventually to partial tissue chlorosis and necrosis, while ... | 0 |
54,074 | Low ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical Pacific Ocean: photochemical loss, chlorine atoms, and entrainment | Singh, HB; Gregory, GL; Anderson, B; Browell, E; Sachse, GW; Davis, DD; Crawford, J; Bradshaw, JD; Talbot, R; Blake, DR; Thornton, D; Newell, R; Merrill, J | 1,996 | Aircraft measurements of ozone, its key precursors, and a variety of chemical tracers were made in the troposphere of the western and central Pacific in October 1991. These data are presented and analyzed to examine the occurrence of low ozone concentrations in the remote marine boundary layer of the tropical and equat... | 0 |
52,953 | The critical level of ozone for visible injury on crops and natural vegetation (ICP-Crops) | Benton, J; Fuhrer, J; Gimeno, BS; Skarby, L; Palmer-Brown, D; Ball, G; Roadknight, C; Sanders-Mills, G | 1,996 | null | 0 |
52,345 | Alternative base cases in photochemical modeling: their construction, role, and value | Reynolds, S; Michaels, H; Roth, P; Tesche, TW; Mcnally, D; Gardner, L; Yarwood, G | 1,996 | This study assesses the potential influence compensating errors in photochemical model inputs may have on estimates of the effects of emission control scenarios. Motivation stems from the apparent ability to achieve satisfactory model performance despite evidence suggesting the existence of significant biases in emissi... | 0 |
82,673 | Ascorbic acid: protection of lung tissue against damage | Maritz, GS | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,750 | Human and rat airway smooth muscle responsiveness after ozone exposure in vitro | Roux, E; Guibert, C; Crevel, H; Savineau, JP; Marthan, R | 1,996 | Ministere de l'Environnement and Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie (no. 95 93 017); Direction des Recherches Etudes et Techniques (no. 93-2636A); Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine (no.94 03 011 24); Association Recherche et Partage.#We previously reported that NO2 and acrolein administered ex vivo to... | 0 |
79,263 | Comparison of outdoor and classroom ozone exposures for school children in Mexico City | Gold, DR; Allen, G; Damokosh, A; Serrano, P; Hayes, C; Castillejos, M | 1,996 | To evaluate methods of reducing exposure of school children in southwest Mexico City to ambient ozone, outdoor ozone levels were compared to indoor levels under three distinct classroom conditions: windows/doors open, air cleaner off; windows/doors closed, air cleaner off; windows/doors closed, air cleaner on. Repeated... | 0 |
1,254,348 | Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: The good, the bad, and the ugly | Beckman, JS; Koenol, WH | 1,996 | Nitric oxide contrasts with most intercellular messengers because it diffuses rapidly and isotropically through most tissues with little reaction but cannot be transported through the vasculature due to rapid destruction by oxyhemoglobin. The rapid diffusion of nitric oxide between cells allows it to locally integrate ... | 0 |
80,763 | Longitudinal distribution of O3 absorption in the lung: gender differences and intersubject variability | Bush, ML; Asplund, PT; Miles, KA; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Grant ES-06075; U.S. Department of Education Grant for Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need. Because the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (O3) is intended to protect the most sensitive individuals in the general population, it is neces... | 1 |
86,263 | Mechanisms of action of some air pollutants on the airways | Visnovsky, P; Voprsalova, M; Fendrich, Z; Pec, M | 1,996 | #Common air pollutants (O3, SO2) exert their deleterious effects in several ways, mostly on the respiratory functions. Ozone causes formation of peroxides and aldehydes with subsequent release of inflammatory lipids and cytokines. Changes in the activity of neutral endopeptidase and release of neuropeptides may occur. ... | 0 |
52,949 | Assessment of EDU stem injections as a technique to investigate the response of trees to ambient ozone in field conditions | Ainsworth, N; Fumagalli, I; Giorcelli, A; Mignanego, L; Schenoe, G; Vietto, L | 1,996 | The study of the effects of ambient air pollution on trees suffers from some practical difficulties. One of these is the limited space generally available in fumigation chambers in both the field and laboratory, which makes investigations on large trees extremely difficult. There is thus a need to develop experimental ... | 0 |
44,170 | Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex: 2. Numerical simulation | Stenchikov, G; Dickerson, R; Pickering, K; Ellis, W, Jr; Doddridge, B; Kondragunta, S; Poulida, O; Scala, J; Tao, WK | 1,996 | Mixing across the tropopause due to intense convective events may significantly influence the atmospheric chemical balance. Stratosphere-troposphere exchange acts as an important natural source of O3 in the troposphere, and a source of H2O, HCs, CFCs, HCFCs, and reactive nitrogen in the stratosphere. The redistribution... | 0 |
83,101 | Effects of atmospheric pollutants on phyllosphere and endophytic fungi | Magan, N; Smith, MK; Kirkwood, IA | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,400 | My life with O3, NOx, and other YZOx compounds (Nobel lecture) | Crutzen, PJ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
82,675 | Modification of macrophage adhesion by ozone: role of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules | Bhalla, DK; Hoffman, LA; Pearson, AC | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES03521, and training Grant ES07157.The inflammatory response in the lungs following an inhalation exposure of animals and humans to ozone (O3) is associated with macrophage stimulation, release | 0 |
80,811 | Gender difference in the concentration of the antioxidant uric acid in human nasal lavage | Housley, DG; Eccles, R; Richards, RJ | 1,996 | The entire respiratory tract is continually exposed to a variety of oxidants, of which a large percentage may react within the nasal passages. In the secretions lining the human nasal cavity uric acid has been shown to be the only low molecular weight antioxidant present in abundance. Because this uric acid originates ... | 1 |
53,188 | Some foliar characteristics of ash trees (Fraxinus exelsior) exposed to ozone episodes | Wiltshire, JJJ; Wright, CJ; Colls, JJ; Craigon, J; Unsworth, MH | 1,996 | Young ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.) growing in the field were exposed to episodes of 150 nl l-1 ozone, or to clean air, in open-top chambers at the University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK, May-October, 1992-1 994. The episodes were for 8 h daily and for 1-4 d in succession, with seasonal totals of 2l-... | 0 |
48,300 | Troposphere-stratosphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex: 1 Observations | Poulida, O; Dickerson, RR; Heymsfield, A | 1,996 | On June 28, 1989, a severe thunderstorm over North Dakota developed into a squall line and then into a mesoscale convective complex (MCC) with, overshooting tops as high as similar to 14 km and a cirrus anvil that covered more than 300,000 km2 . In this paper we describe the trace gas concentrations prior to, in, and a... | 0 |
47,599 | Data assimilation using incremental analysis updates | Bloom, SC; Takacs, LL; Da Silva, AM; Ledvina, D | 1,996 | ABSTRACT The IAU (incremental analysis updating) process incorporates analysis increments into a model integration in a gradual manner. It does this by using analysis increments as constant forcings in a model's prognostic equations over a 6-h period centered on an analysis time. A linear analysis of the IAU proce... | 0 |
83,999 | Respiratory tract lining fluid antioxidants: the first line of defence against gaseous pollutants | Kelly, FJ; Cotgrove, M; Mudway, IS | 1,996 | All tissues are vulnerable to oxidant damage, but by virtue of its location, anatomy and function, the epithelial surface of the lung is one of the most vulnerable targets in the body. Recent studies have shown that epithelial lining fluid (ELF), a thin layer of fluid which covers the epithelial surface of the respirat... | 0 |
82,684 | The effects of ozone exposure on the sleep-wake cycle and serotonin contents in the pons of the rat | Paz, C; Huitron-Resendiz, S | 1,996 | Polysomnographic studies were done at hourly intervals during 0.00, 0.35,0.75 and 1.50 ppm of ozone (O3) exposure. We found a significant decrease in paradoxical sleep after 2 h and an increase in slow wave sleep after 12 h at all concentrations of O3. High resolution liquid chromatography demonstrated an increase in 5... | 1 |
83,617 | Ozone and other photochemical oxidants in ambient and indoor air--properties, sources and concentrations | Sundell, J; Zuber, A | 1,996 | Ground-level ozone is formed in complex atmospheric photochemical reactions between nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The levels are highest in summertime and outside city centers. Elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone is mainly due to chemical reactions of emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen o... | 0 |
82,728 | Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of ozone | Victorin, K | 1,996 | null | 0 |
40,376 | The critical level for effects of ozone on crops and the transfer to mapping | Fuhrer, J | 1,996 | A critical level (CL) for long-term effects of ozone on crops was defined as the AOT40 index corresponding to a 10%-reduction in yield of wheat (CL1O). Additional data for spring and winter wheat further supported the AOT40 concept, but changed the CL10 f | 0 |
47,584 | Transport of ozone and sulfur to the North Atlantic atmosphere during the North Atlantic Regional Experiment | Banic, CM; Leaitch, WR; Isaac, GA; Couture, MD; Kleinman, LI; Springston, , SR; Macpherson, JI | 1,996 | The horizontal transport of O3, SO2, and non-sea-salt particulate SO4 = over the ocean near Nova Scotia, Canada, is determined from in situ measurements made during the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive. The average mass of O3 transported through an area 1 m in horizontal extent and 5 km i... | 0 |
84,286 | Ozone--nitrogen dioxide--NPAH heterogeneous soot particle reactions and modeling NPAH in the atmosphere | Fan, Z; Kamens, RM; Zhang, J; Hu, J | 1,996 | Ford Motor Company. #The degradation of particle-associated nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) with ozone (O3) and O3 + nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was investigated. Deuterated and native NPAH coated on diesel soot or wood smoke reacted with 0.6-0.9 ppm O3 and 0.03-0.5 ppm nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a 190-m3 outdoo... | 0 |
80,777 | Spin trapping study in the lungs and liver of F344 rats after exposure to ozone | Vincent, R; Janzen, EG; Chen, G; Kumarathasan, P; Haire, DL; Guenette, J; Chen, JZ; Bray, TM | 1,996 | Health Canada (project K281232); MRI Facility core funding of the University of Guelph; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.#Fischer 344 rats were injected with the spin traps C-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN, 150 mg/kg bw, ip)or 4-pyridine-N-oxide N-tert-butyl nitrone (POBN, 775mg/kg bw, ip),... | 1 |
37,942 | Heterogeneous interactions of OH and HO2 radicals with surfaces characteristic of atmospheric particulate matter | Cooper, PL; Abbatt, JPD | 1,996 | The heterogeneous interactions of OH and HO2 radicals with a number of surfaces characteristic of atmospheric particulate matter have been studied by using a low-temperature flow tube coupled to a resonance fluorescence detector. In particular, the mass accommodation coefficients ("alpha") of both OH and HO2 on superco... | 0 |
51,130 | Simulation of climate change with infrared heaters reduces the productivity of Lolium perenne L in summer | Nijs, I; Teughels, H; Blum, H; Hendrey, G; Impens, I | 1,996 | Nijs I., Teughels H., Blum H., Hendrey G. and Impens I. Simulation of climate change with infrared heaters reduces the productivity of Lolium perenne L. in summer. Environmental and Experimental Botany 36,271-280, 1996---Field-grown perennial ryegrass was subjected to climate warming and elevated CO2 concentration duri... | 0 |
55,113 | Global dynamics of the total ozone content and its effect on the variability of solar ultraviolet radiation and on ecosystems | Kondratyev, KY; Varotsov, KA; Fedchenko, PP | 1,996 | The paper presents a survey of the results of studies to determine changes in the total ozone content (taking into account the contribution of variations in the stratosphere and the troposphere) and in biologically active ultraviolet solar radiation (UV-B), based on satellite and ground data. The effects of these chang... | 0 |
80,730 | Differential depletion of human respiratory tract antioxidants in response to ozone challenge | Mudway, IS; Housley, D; Eccles, R; Richards, RJ; Datta, AK; Tetley, TD; Kelly, FJ | 1,996 | Medial Research Council; Special Trustees of St. Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom.#The toxicity of ozone, the major component of photochemical smog, is related to its powerful oxidising ability, and many of its deleterious effects are mediated through free radical reactions. As the majority of ozone oxidation ev... | 1 |
80,818 | Involvement of superoxide anions in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in unanesthetized guinea pigs | Kudo, M; Nishikawa, M; Ikeda, H; Okubo, T | 1,996 | Smoking Research Foundation of Japan.#To evaluate the involvement of superoxide in ozone (O3)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, we studied the effects of superoxide dismutase(SOD), a scavenger of superoxide anion, and apocynin, an inhibitor of superoxide anion-generating NADPH oxidase in phagocytes, on the airway res... | 0 |
48,041 | Estimates of indirect global warming potentials for CH4, CO and NOx | Fuglestvedt, JS; Isaken, ISA; Wang, WC | 1,996 | Emissions may affect climate indirectly through chemical interaction in the atmosphere, but quantifications of such effects are difficult and uncertain due to incomplete knowledge and inadequate methods. A preliminary assessment of the climatic impact of changes in tropospheric O3 and CH4 in response to various emissio... | 0 |
53,521 | A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boundary layer | Vogt, R; Crutzen, PJ; Sander, R | 1,996 | RECENT measurements of inorganic chlorine gases'1and hydro-carbons2 indicate the presence of reactive chlorine in the remote marine boundary layer reactions involving chlorine and bromine can affect the concentrations of ozone, hydrocarbons and cloud condensation nuclei. The known formation mechanisms of reactive halog... | 0 |
82,533 | Pressure mounts as particulate, ozone proposal deadline nears | Cooney, CM | 1,996 | null | 0 |
57,472 | Outdoor ultraviolet exposure of children and adolescents | Diffey, BL; Gibson, CJ; Haylock, R; Mckinlay, AF | 1,996 | null | 0 |
74,028 | Effects of uncertainties in meteorological inputs on urban airshed model predictions and ozone control strategies | Sistla, G; Zhou, N; Hao, W; Ku, JY; Rao, ST; Bornstein, R; Freedman, F; Thunis, P | 1,996 | #Although well-recognized within the photochemical modeling community, the effect of uncertainties in meteorological input on the urban airshed model (UAM) output has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, the UAM has been applied to investigate the sensitivity of ozone predictions to the choices in wind fie... | 0 |
50,172 | The effect of ozone on materials | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,252 | Small chamber methods for characterizing formaldehyde emission from particleboard | Crump, DR; Yu, CWF; Squire, RW; Atkinson, M | 1,996 | CEN (the European Committee for Standardization) is in the process of defining a standard method that uses environmental chambers to measure the steady-state formaldehyde emission from wood-based products for a specified loading of board placed in a controlled environment. This paper shows a good comparison of three sm... | 0 |
79,912 | Short term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiology time series data: the APHEA protocol | Katsouyanni, K; Schwartz, J; Spix, C; Touloumi, G; Zmirou, D; Zanobetti, A; Wojtyniak, B; Vonk, JM; Tobias, A; Ponka, A; Medina, S; Bacharova, L; Andersen, HR | 1,996 | Background and objectives - Results from several studies over the past five years have shown that the current levels of pollutants in Europe and North America have adverse short term effects on health. The APHEA project aims to quantifying these in Europe, using standardised methodology. The project protocol and analyt... | 0 |
79,537 | Ambient ozone exposure and emergency hospital admissions and emergency room visits for respiratory problems in thirteen U S cities | Ozkaynak, H; Spengler, JD; O'Neill, M; Xue, J; Zhou, H; Gilbert, K; Ramstrom, S | 1,996 | null | 0 |
26,921 | Carbon dioxide and ozone effects on growth of a legume-grass mixture | Johnson, BG; Hale, BA; Ormrod, DP | 1,996 | Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and photochemical ozone (O3) have been increasing in the biosphere and will continue to do so with further industrialization and burning of fossil fuels. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of CO2 and O3 on plant growth and aboveground competition using a forage mix... | 0 |
82,679 | Individual variability in human lung function responses to ozone exposure | Mcdonnell, WF | 1,996 | Ozone is a common photochemical air pollutant which is present in the ambient air of many urban areas at concentrations sufficient to produce acute respiratory effects in humans. Because individuals vary considerably in the magnitude of their responses to ozone exposure, it is difficult to estimate the number of indivi... | 1 |
82,706 | Ozone-induced mediator release from human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and the influence of nedocromil sodium | Rusznak, C; Devalia, JL; Sapsford, RJ; Davies, RJ | 1,996 | National Asthma Campaing (UK); Joint Research Board of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London (UK); Fison plc (Loughboroguh, UK).#Although animal and human studies have demonstrated that ozone inhalation leads to airway epithelial inflammation and damage, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We cultured hum... | 0 |
80,278 | Ozone gradients in a spruce forest stand in relation to wind speed and time of the day | Pleijel, H; Wallin, G; Karlsson, PE; Skarby, L | 1,996 | null | 0 |
14,674 | Effects of environmental contaminants in wildlife species | Seinen, W | 1,996 | A large number of man-made chemicals have the potential to affect animal (wildlife) populations, including humans. Among these are the persistent bioaccumulative organohalogen compounds, (organo)metals and some other synthetic products. Effects of these compounds in wildlife populations are now well documented. Their i... | 0 |
82,697 | Detection of aldehydes in bronchoalveolar lavage of rats exposed to ozone | Pryor, WA; Bermudez, E; Cueto, R; Squadrito, GL | 1,996 | Health Effects Institute Grant; National Istitutes of Health Grant.We report the detection of hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of rats exposed to 0.5 to 10 ppm ozone with or without simultaneous 5% CO2. These three aldehydes primarily result from the Criegee ozonation of specific mono-... | 1 |
656,697 | Association between ozone and admissions to Ontario hospitals for respiratory diseases: Assessing the evidence for causation | Burnett, RT | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,744 | The southern Ontario oxidant study (SONTOS): overview and case studies for 1992 | Reid, NW; Niki, H; Hastie, D; Shepson, P; Roussel, P; Melo, O; Mackay, G; Drummond, J; Schiff, H; Poissant, L; Moroz, W | 1,996 | Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy; Ontario Hydro; Consumers Gas; Imperial Oil; Dow Chemical. | 0 |
83,596 | Ozone-induced toxicity in experimental animals and isolated cell systems | Gustafsson, LE; Cotgreave, I | 1,996 | null | 0 |
83,100 | Simulated root dynamics of a 160-year-old sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) tree with and without ozone exposure using the TREGRO model | Retzlaff, WA; Weinstein, DA; Laurence, JA; Gollands, B | 1,996 | Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research endowment; Desert Research Institute; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Because of difficulties in directly assessing root responses of mature forest trees exposed to atmospheric pollutants, we have used the model TREGRO to analyze the effects of a 3- and a 10-year exposu... | 0 |
84,075 | Simulated responses of red spruce forest soils to reduced sulfur and nitrogen deposition | Johnson, DW; Susfalk, RB; Brewer, PF | 1,996 | Implications of reducing S and N deposition on red spruce forests of the southern Appalachians are explored using the Nutrient Cycling Model (NuCM). We hypothesized that reducing deposition would cause (i) large reductions in soil solution NO3-, SO42-, Al and Ca/Al ratios, but Oil small changes in exchangeable base cat... | 0 |
82,685 | Absorption and metabolic fate of ozone - the molecular basis of ozone-induced toxicity | Cotgreave, IA | 1,996 | null | 0 |
2,204 | Biodiversity: Population versus ecosystem stability | Tilman, D | 1,996 | The relationships between biodiversity and stability were determined for both population and ecosystem traits in a long term study of 207 grassland plots. Results demonstrate that biodiversity stabilizes community and ecosystem processes, but not population processes. Specifically, year to year variability in total abo... | 0 |
82,727 | Noise stress and airway toxicity: a prospect for experimental analysis | Van Raaij, MTM; Oortgiesen, M | 1,996 | #People are exposed to a mixture of chemicals, noise, bad smells and other factors. Little is known about the possible interactions between these various contaminants. Although research on the effects of chemical mixtures has been initiated, the combination of chemical and non-chemical factors has received little atten... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.