REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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83,190 | Evaluation of the sensory irritation potential of volatile organic chemicals from carpets: Alone and in combination | Stadler, JC; Kennedy, GL, Jr | 1,996 | Some individuals have reported burning or painful sensations in the eyes or upper respiratory tract when they enter certain indoor environments. Recently, carpets have been suggested as a potential source of organic chemicals that could contribute to this irritation. The sensations are generally termed ?sensory irritat... | 0 |
88,435 | The valuation step within LCA, part 1: general principles | Volkwein, S; Klopffer, W | 1,996 | Some basic principles required for the development of a valuation procedure in life cycle assessment are described. International human rights conventions and international environmental laws and conventions are analyzed for the usefulness in obtaining general principles for the valuation step of life cycle assessment.... | 0 |
17,291 | The NIST traceable reference material program for gas standards | Guenther, FR; Dorko, WD; Miller, WR; Rhoderick, GC | 1,996 | U.S. Department of Commerce. | 0 |
82,714 | Association between ozone and asthma emergency department visits in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada | Stieb, DM; Burnett, RT; Beveridge, RC; Brook, JR | 1,996 | Health Canada; Government of New Brunswick.#This study examines the relationship of asthma emergency department (ED) visits to daily concentrations of ozone and other air pollutants in SaintJohn, New Brunswick, Canada. Data on ED visits with a presenting complaint of asthma (n = 1987) were abstracted for the period 198... | 0 |
80,835 | Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago | Semenza, JC; Rubin, CH; Falter, KH; Selanikio, JD; Flanders, WD; Howe, HL; Wilhelm, JL | 1,996 | Background: During a record-setting heat wave in Chicago in July 1995, there were at least 700 excess deaths, most of which were classified as heat-related. We sought to determine who was at greatest risk for heat-related death. Methods: We conducted a caseucontrol study in Chicago to identify risk factors associated w... | 0 |
80,227 | A portable inhalation system for personal exposure to ozone | Asplund, PT; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grant ES06075.#A low-cost portable inhalation system was developed for exposing an individual subject to 60-600 parts per billion of ozone in a 30-l clear-plastic head dome. The inhalation system had the following novel features: a canister vacuum cleaner that supplie... | 0 |
82,713 | A socioeconomic assessment of human exposure to ozone in the south coast air basin [letter] | Kalish, R | 1,996 | N/A. | 0 |
90,360 | Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources and sinks on carbonyl sulfide in the North Pacific troposphere | Thornton, DC; Bandy, AR; Blomquist, BW; Anderson, BE | 1,996 | During September-October 1991 over 500 determinations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) were made in the troposphere over the North Pacific Ocean as part of the NASA Pacific Exploratory Mission-West A project. Three distinct regimes were found in the distribution of OCS in the Pacific troposphere during this period. Under cond... | 0 |
57,481 | Skin cancer in a subtropical Australian population: incidence and lack of association with occupation | Green, A; Battistutta, D; Hart, V; Leslie, D; Weedon, D; The Nambour Study Group | 1,996 | Because it is not possible to monitor skin cancer accurately using routine methods, special surveys have been undertaken in Nambour, a typical subtropical community in Queensland, Australia. Estimates of incidence reported here are based on skin cancers medically treated between 1985 and 1992 and new cases diagnosed by... | 0 |
82,710 | Ozone alters T-helper cell mediated bronchial hyperreactivity and resistance to bacterial infection | Steerenberg, PA; Garssen, J; van Bree, L; van Loveren, H | 1,996 | #In the literature, it has been shown that ozone can increase the Th-2 responses in platinum and ovalbumin allergic reactions. On the other hand, we here review our data, indicating inhibition of Th- I mediated responses e. g. the resistance to respiratory infections with Listeria and the tracheal hyperreactivity and D... | 0 |
82,705 | Two-year and lifetime toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of ozone in B6C3F1 mice | Herbert, RA; Hailey, JR; Grumbein, S; Chou, BJ; Sills, RC; Haseman, JK; Goehl, T; Miller, RA; Roycroft, JH; Boorman, GA | 1,996 | To evaluate the toxicity and carcinogenic potential of long-term exposure to ozone, B6C3F1 mice were exposed by whole-body inhalation to 0, 0. 12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm and 0, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone for 24 or 30 mo (lifetime), respectively. The incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar adenomas and carcinomas (combined) increased (p ... | 1 |
82,505 | Longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in the lung: Effect of continuous inhalation exposure | Asplund, PT; Ben-Jebria, A; Rigas, ML; Ultman, JS | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Grant ES06075.#The effect of continuous exposure to ozone on the absorption of ozone in the conducting airways of human lungs was investigated with a bolus-response method. Eleven healthy nonsmoking college students (8 males, 3 females) were exposed at rest for 2... | 1 |
89,231 | Measurement of nitrous acid in motor vehicle exhaust | Kirchstetter, TW; Harley, RA | 1,996 | Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important tropospheric air pollutant. Photolysis of HONO produces hydroxyl radicals that promote ozone formation. HONO may also adversely affect human health. Sources of HONO include both direct emission from combustion processes and secondary atmospheric formation from nitrogen oxides (NOx). ... | 0 |
78,585 | Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: Air pollution exposures | Spengler, JD; Koutrakis, P; Dockery, DW; Raizenne, M; Speizer, FE | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Air pollution measurements were conducted over a 1-year period in 24 North American communities participating in a respiratory health study. Ozone, particle strong acidity, sulfate, and mass (PM10 and PM2.1) were measured in all... | 0 |
80,724 | Cigarette smoke and ozone-induced epithelial perturbation in vivo and in vitro: the role of glutathione | Macnee, W; Morrison, D; Rahman, I; Li, XY; Donaldson, K | 1,996 | null | 0 |
86,159 | Serum Clara cell protein (CC16): a new valid marker of the distal airway damages caused by air pollutants in rats | Hong, Z | 1,996 | Cell count, LDH, total protein, Clara cell protein (CC16) and lysozyme in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) and serum were determined in rats. 30-50 ppm sulfur dioxide for 4 h. 12 h and 2 week exposure didn't produce any change of above parameters. 1.0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 0.38 ppm, 0.25 ppm and 0.20 ppm ozone for 7 h exposu... | 0 |
77,268 | Health effects of acid aerosols on North American children: pulmonary function | Raizenne, M; Neas, LM; Damokosh, AI; Dockery, DW; Spengler, JD; Koutrakis, P; Ware, JH; Speizer, FE | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Health Canada; National Institutes of Health. #We examined the health effects of exposure to acidic air pollution among children living in 24 communities in the United States and Canada. Parents of children between the ages of 8 ... | 0 |
47,746 | Summer and spring ozone profiles over the North Atlantic from ozonesonde observations | Oltmans, SJ; Levy H, II; Harris, JM; Merrill, JT; Moody, JL; Lathrop, JA; Cuevas, E; Trainer, M; O'Neill, MS; Prospero, JM; Vomel, H; Johnson, BJ | 1,996 | Ozone profiles obtained by near-daily ozonesonde observations during campaigns at several sites in the North Atlantic are used to construct time-height cross sections of ozone concentration through the troposphere. Strong day-to-day ozone variability on the scale of synoptic meteorological disturbances is found both in... | 0 |
79,917 | Air pollution and daily mortality in London: 1987-92 | Anderson, HR; Ponce de Leon, A; Bland, JM; Bower, JS; Strachan, DP | 1,996 | European Commission. #Objective: To investigate whether outdoor air pollution levels in London influence daily mortality. Design: Poisson regression analysis of daily counts of deaths, with adjustment for effects of secular trend, seasonal and other cyclical factors, day of the week, holidays, influenza epidemic, tempe... | 0 |
83,794 | Mediators of inflammation in response to air pollution: a focus on ozone and nitrogen dioxide | Krishna, MT; Springall, DR; Frew, AJ; Polak, JM; Holgate, ST | 1,996 | Recent epidemiological and environmental chamber studies have strengthened the link between air pollution and respiratory disease. Acute exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for short periods results in both upper and lower airway inflammation and patients suffering from asthma and allergic rhinitis are particu... | 0 |
80,739 | Adverse health effects of air pollutants in a nonsmoking population | Pope CA 3rd | 1,996 | Utah Valley has provided an interesting and unique opportunity to evaluate the health effects of respirable particulate air pollution (PM10). Residents of this valley are predominantly nonsmoking members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). The area has moderately high average-PM10 levels with ... | 0 |
80,773 | Production of reactive oxygen intermediates following exposure to ozone: Relative contribution of alveolar macrophages | Torres, A; Voter, KZ; Utell, MJ; Whitin, JC; Morrow, PE; Frampton, MW | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,757 | Association between air pollution and acute childhood wheezy episodes: prospective observational study | Buchdahl, R; Parker, A; Stebbings, T; Babiker, A | 1,996 | Objective: To examine the association between the air pollutants ozone, sulphur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide and the incidence of acute childhood wheezy episodes. Design: Prospective observational study over one year. Setting: District general hospital. Subjects: 1025 children attending the accident and emergency depa... | 0 |
43,908 | Growth, radiation use efficiency, and canopy reflectance of wheat and corn grown under elevated ozone and carbon dioxide atmospheres | Rudorff, BFT; Mulchi, CL; Daughtry, CST; Lee, EH | 1,996 | Estimates of increases in future agricultural production in response to increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are often based on the beneficial physiological effect of CO2 enrichment on plant growth, especially in C3 plants. However, these estimates fail to consider the negative impact of o... | 0 |
52,192 | Nitrous acid and nitrite in the atmosphere | Lammel, G; Cape, JN | 1,996 | Introduction Why is nitrous acid important as an atmospheric trace gas? It is present in very small quantities, typically up to a few parts in 109 by volume (ppbV), and usually makes up only a small fraction of the total amount of gaseous nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere. One reason for an increasing number ... | 0 |
53,012 | Reflectance measurements of leaves for detecting visible and non-visible ozone damage to crops | Kraft, M; Weigel, HJ; Mejer, GJ; Brandes, F | 1,996 | Summary Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Turbo), white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Karina) and maize (Zea mays cv. Bonny) plants were exposed for 20-30 days in open top chambers to charcoal-filtered air (CF, control) and CF air supplied with O3 for 8-12 h/per day in the concentration range of 180-240 AgO3/m3 (8... | 0 |
82,973 | Long-term environmental change in tropical forests: increasing tree turnover | Phillips, OL | 1,996 | null | 0 |
55,449 | Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by urban residents using a probabilistic version of NEM and 1990 population data | Johnson, T; Capel, J; Mccoy, M | 1,996 | This report describes a probabilistic version of NEM applicable to ozone (pNEM/03). The model consists of two principal parts: 1) the "cohort exposure program" which estimates the sequence of ozone exposures experienced by defined population groups and 2) the "exposure extrapolation program" which estimates the number ... | 0 |
89,530 | Human contributions to terrestrial nitrogen flux | Jordan, TE; Weller, DE | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,814 | Viral infection induces dependence of neuronal M2 muscarinic receptors on cyclooxygenase in guinea pig lung | Kahn, RM; Okanlami, OA; Jacoby, DB; Fryer, AD | 1,996 | Inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerve endings in the lungs decrease release of acetylcholine, inhibiting vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Neuronal M2 receptor function can be studied using selective agonists and antagonists such as pilocarpine and gallamine. In pathogen-free guinea pigs indome... | 0 |
80,748 | Effects of air pollution on the respiratory health of asthmatic children living in Mexico City | Romieu, I; Meneses, F; Ruiz, S; Sienra, JJ; Huerta, J; White, MC; Etzel, RA | 1,996 | Mexican Ministry of Health; National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. #The relation between air pollution and the exacerbation of childhood asthma was studied in a panel of 71 children (aged 5 to 7 yr) with mild asthma who resided in the northern part of mexico City. Dur... | 1 |
83,847 | Seeking solutions from the public [comment] | Bates, DV | 1,996 | null | 0 |
26,370 | Investigating microclimatic influences on ozone injury in clover (Trifolium subterraneum) using artificial neural networks | Balls, GR; Palmer-Brown, D; Sanders, GE | 1,996 | Microclimatic factors interact during ozone episodes to influence the sensitivity of plants to ozone and thus are likely to modify the amount of injury development. This paper investigates these interactions in an ozone-sensitive cultivar of clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Geraldton). Experiments were conducted usin... | 1 |
48,188 | Development of a computationally efficient, reactive subgrid-scale plume model and the impact in the northeastern United States using increasing levels of chemical detail | Kumar, N; Russell, AG | 1,996 | A subgrid-scale plume model has been developed for a better treatment of dynamics of the emissions from concentrated emission sources in air quality models. The model is based on the Gaussian model description of the dispersion of NOx emissions from the power plants. Detailed inorganic and, if desired, organic atmosphe... | 0 |
80,735 | Stimulation of nitric oxide production in rat lung lavage cells by anti-Mac-1"beta" antibody: effects of ozone inhalation | Pendino, KJ; Gardner, CR; Quinones, S; Laskin, DL | 1,996 | Burroughs Wellcome Fund; National Institutes of Health Grants ES04738 and ES05022; American Lung Association. #Acute inhalation of the pulmonary irritant ozone is associated with an inflammatory response characterized by increased numbers of macrophages in the lung that release elevated quantities of nitric oxide. The ... | 0 |
39,046 | Review of national ambient air quality standards for ozone: Assessment of scientific and technical information. OAQPS staff paper | null | 1,996 | This staff paper evaluates and interprets the updated scientific and technical information that EPA staff believes is most relevant to the review of primary and secondary national ambient air quality standards for ozone. This assessment is intended to bridge the gap between the scientific review in the 1996 criteria do... | 1 |
25,247 | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sunlight | Hartge, P; Devesa, SS; Grauman, D; Fears, TR; Fraumeni, JF, Jr | 1,996 | Incidence and mortality rates for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) continue to rise dramatically throughout the world (1,2). Changes in diagnostic practices and in levels of exposure to the established risk factors for NHL (including genetic predisposition, immunosuppression, infection with human immunodeficiency virus [HI... | 0 |
51,655 | 35 state ozone transport region (OTAG) ozone PM NAAQS regional HAZE FACA | Mathur, B | 1,996 | null | 0 |
53,597 | Local meteorological features affecting chemical measurements at a North Atlantic coastal site | Angevine, WM; Buhr, MP; Holloway, JS; Trainer, M; Parrish, DD; Macpherson, JI; Kok, GL; Schillawski, RD; Bowlby, DH | 1,996 | One of the foci of the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) 1993 summer intensive campaign was Chebogue Point, approximately 10 km south of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. Measurements were taken at this site with a 915-MHz boundary layer wind profiler, the Canadian Twin Otter and National Center for Atmospheric Research K... | 0 |
80,731 | Fungus spores, air pollutants, and other determinants of peak expiratory flow rate in children | Neas, LM; Dockery, DW; Burge, H; Koutrakis, P; Speizer, FE | 1,996 | Electric Power Research Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #The impact of summertime haze episodes on daily variations in symptoms and peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) was examined in a study of 108 children living in St... | 0 |
45,871 | Descriptive analysis of PM25 and PM10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX | Chow, JC; Watson, JG; Lu, Z; Lowenthal, DH; Frazier, CA; Solomon, PA; Thuillier, RH; Magliano, K | 1,996 | SJVAQS/AUSPEX acquired PM2.5 and PM10 samples at ten sites in Central California for five ozone episodes over 14 intensive sampling days. Four sample sets per day were acquired for 5 and 7 h durations and measured for particle mass; elements; water-soluble chloride, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, and potassium ion... | 0 |
82,731 | Oxidant stress stimulates mucin secretion and PLC in airway epithelium via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism | Wright, DT; Fischer, BM; Li, C; Rochelle, LG; Akley, NJ; Adler, KB | 1,996 | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grants HL-36982 and HL-09063; Glaxo; Hoffmann La Roche | 0 |
35,383 | Plant defence systems and ozone | Schraudner, M; Langebartels, C; Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,837 | Asthma mortality and hospitalization among children and young adults--United States, 1980-1993 | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
80,175 | Formaldehyde exposure enhances inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig | Riedel, F; Hasenauer, E; Barth, PJ; Koziorowski, A; Rieger, CHL | 1,996 | Formaldehyde (FA), a common indoor air pollutant, has been associated with increased prevalence rates of asthmatic symptoms among exposed individuals in epidemiologic surveys. We studied the influence of FA exposure on inhalative allergic sensitization in the guinea pig. Three groups of guinea pigs (n= 12 each) were ex... | 0 |
79,712 | A new approach for indoor climate labeling of building materials--emission testing, modeling, and comfort evaluation | Wolkoff, P; Nielsen, PA | 1,996 | BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. A labeling system for building materials' primary emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) according to their impact on comfort and health has been developed and introduced in Denmark. The system unifies chemical emission testing over time (months), modeling (including a standard room... | 0 |
92,939 | Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra | Hobbie, SE | 1,996 | I compared effects of increased temperature and litter from different Alaskan tundra plant species on cycling of carbon and nitrogen through Litter and soil in microcosms. Warming between 4 degrees and 10 degrees C significantly increased rates of soil and litter respiration, litter decomposition, litter nitrogen relea... | 0 |
35,378 | The impact of ozone and drought on the water relations of ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L) | Reiner, S; Wiltshire, JJJ; Wright, CJ; Colls, JJ | 1,996 | Two year old potted saplings of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) were exposed to ozone episodes in open-top chambers. Ozone exposure concentrations were 0 ppb and 150 ppb, and there were 22 exposures of 8 h, beginning in May 1994. Additionally half of the plants of each pollution treatment were subjected to three drought cy... | 0 |
38,419 | [Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards data file of nationwide emissions] | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,684 | Climatic control of nitrate loss from forested watersheds in the northeast United States | Mitchell, MJ; Driscoll, CT; Kahl, JS; Likens, GE; Murdoch, PS; Pardo, LH | 1,996 | Increased losses of nitrate from watersheds may accelerate the depletion of nutrient cations and affect the acidification and trophic status of surface waters. Patterns of nitrate concentrations and losses were evaluated in four forested watersheds (East Bear Brook Watershed, Lead Mountain, ME; Watershed 6, Hubbard Bro... | 0 |
80,834 | Ozone-induced alteration in beta-adrenergic pharmacological modulation of pulmonary macrophages | Mcgovern, TJ; El-Fawal, H; Chen, LC; Schlesinger, RB | 1,996 | Ozone is a ubiquitous air pollutant which can affect numerous function s of the respiratory system. However, previous work has not provided any information concerning its ability to modulate pharmacological receptors of pulmonary macrophages. This study examined, using a chemiluminescence assay, the beta-adrenergic mod... | 0 |
80,822 | Urban ozone plumes and population distribution by income and race: a case study of New York and Philadelphia | Liu, F | 1,996 | Who lives in the downwind areas of urban ozone plumes? Location theory suggests that the poor should disaproportionately populate the downwind area, while the rich are most likely to live outside urban ozone plumes. Dynamically, we would expect that the downwind area would become poorer over time because the rich would... | 0 |
79,227 | Preliminary assessment of the occurrence and possible sources of MTBE in groundwater in the United States, 1993-1994 | Squillace, PJ; Zogorski, JS; Wilber, WG; Price, CV | 1,996 | #The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require fuel oxygenates to be added to gasoline used in some metropolitan areas to reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon monoxide or ozone. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is the most commonly used fuel oxygenate and is a relatively new gasoline additive. Nevertheless, out of 60 ... | 0 |
26,492 | Responses of field grown trees to CO2 enrichment | Eamus, D | 1,996 | The concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased substantially since the start of the Industrial Revolution. CO2 is central to the growth and physiology of plants and thus changes in its concentration influence plants directly and indirectly. Trees, because of their longevity, economic importance and role in the glob... | 0 |
77,267 | Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and daily counts of deaths or hospital admissions | Schwartz, J; Spix, C; Touloumi, G; Bacharova, L; Barumamdzadeh, T; le Tertre, A; Piekarksi, T; Ponce de Leon, A; Ponka, A; Rossi, G; Saez, M; Schouten, JP | 1,996 | Study objective - To review the issues and methodologies in epidemiologic time series studies of daily counts of mortality and hospital admissions and illustrate some of the methodologies. Design - This is a review paper with an example drawn from hospital admissions of the elderly in Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Main results... | 0 |
79,892 | Short term effects of air pollution on emergency hospital admissions for respiratory disease: Results of the APHEA project in two major cities in The Netherlands, 1977-89 | Schouten, JP; Vonk, JM; de Graaf, A | 1,996 | STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the short term relationship between air pollution and the daily number of emergency hospital admissions for respiratory disease. DESIGN: Data were analysed using autoregressive Poisson regression allowing for overdispersion and controlling for possible confounding factors such as seasonal and... | 0 |
79,893 | Short term effects of air pollution on mortality in the city of Lyon, France, 1985-90 | Zmirou, D; Barumandzadeh, T; Balducci, F; Ritter, P; Laham, G; Ghilardi, JP | 1,996 | OBJECTIVE: The short term association between daily mortality and ambient air pollution in the city of Lyon, France (population, 410,000) between 1985 and 1990 was assessed using time series analysis. DESIGN: This study followed the standardised design and statistical analysis (Poisson regression) that characterise the... | 0 |
55,155 | Health risk evaluation of ozone | null | 1,996 | null | 0 |
42,150 | Solar ultraviolet-B and photosynthetically active irradiance in the urban sub-canopy: a survey of influences | Grant, RH; Heisler, GM | 1,996 | Stratospheric ozone loss in mid-latitudes is expected to increase the ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation at the earth's surface. Impacts of this expected increase will depend on many factors, including the distribution of light in other wavelengths. Measurements of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, and UVB irrad... | 0 |
12,469 | Effects of ozone depletion and increased UV-B on terrestrial ecosystems | Bjorn, LO | 1,996 | Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; Astra-Draco AB. Our knowledge of the effects of increased ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on terrestrial ecosystems is reviewed, with an emphasis on recent literature. The review starts with an overview of the effects on biomolecules and cells, plant cells in particular, and cont... | 0 |
82,971 | The world's forests: problems and potentials | Myers, N | 1,996 | null | 0 |
26,762 | The forest and agricultural sector optimization model (FASOM): Model structure and policy application | Adams, DM; Alig, RJ; Callaway, JM; Mccarl, BA; Winnett, SM | 1,996 | The Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model (FASOM) is a dynamic, nonlinear programming model of the forest and agricultural sectors in the United States. The FASOM model initially was developed to evaluate welfare and market impacts of alternative policies for sequestering carbon in trees but also has been a... | 0 |
44,180 | Relationships between open-field ozone exposures and growth and senescence of birch (Betula pendula and Betula pubescens) | Paakkonen, E; Holopainen, T; Karenlampi, L | 1,996 | The responses of saplings of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens clones to ambient and slightly elevated ozone were studied in open-field exposures at three locations in Finland during two growing seasons, 1994 and 1995. Effects on growth, leaf senescence and stomatal density were evaluated in relation to cumulative oz... | 0 |
156,828 | Description of EDGAR Version 2.0: A set of global emission inventories of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances for all anthropogenic and most natural sources on a per country basis and on 1 degree x 1 degree grid | Olivier, JGJ; Bouwman, AF; Berdowski, JJM; Veldt, C; Bloos, JPJ; Visschedijk, AJH; Zandveld, PYJ; Haverlag, JL | 1,996 | null | 0 |
79,844 | Estimation of ozone exposures experienced by urban residents using an enhanced version of pNEM | Johnson, TR; Capel, JE; McCoy, MD; McCurdy, T | 1,996 | null | 0 |
52,270 | An approach to studying the effect of organic composition on atmospheric aerosol photochemistry | Mcdow, , SR; Jang, M; Hong, Y; Kamens, RM | 1,996 | Physical and chemical characteristics of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosol particles are reviewed, and their likely effects on the particulate matter as a reaction medium are discussed. An approach to studying the effects of organic components of atmospheric particulate matter on aerosol organic photochemistry based on ... | 0 |
12,001 | Ozone induction of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) and nuclear factor-kappa b in rat lung: inhibition by corticosteroids | Haddad, EB; Salmon, M; Koto, H; Barnes, PJ; Adcock, I; Chung, KF | 1,996 | We determined in rat lung whether ozone exposure was associated with the expression of the chemokine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC), and of the transcription factor, NF-kappa B. CINC mRNA expression peaked at 2 h after cessation of ozone exposure, and returned to basal levels by 24 h. DNA-binding a... | 0 |
78,841 | Daily PM10/mortality associations: an investigation of at-risk subpopulations | Ito, K; Thurston, GD | 1,996 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.Recent time-series epidemiological studies have reported significant associations between daily air pollution and mortality. These studies typically report a short-term excess increase in deaths as the fractional increase of total (nonaccidental) deaths per unit of ai... | 0 |
51,953 | Estimation of trends in atmospheric concentrations of sulfate in the northeastern United States | Shreffler, JH; Barnes, HM | 1,996 | Daily atmospheric concentrations of sulfate collected at six locations in the northeastern United States are regressed against meteorological factors, ozone, seasonal cycles, and time in order to determine if a significant trend in sulfate can be detected. The data used in this analysis were collected during the Sulfat... | 0 |
54,075 | Time scales to achieve atmospheric gas-aerosol equilibrium for volatile species | Meng, Z; Seinfeld, JH | 1,996 | #Time scales to achieve gas-aerosol equilibrium for volatile atmospheric species are systematically studied. It is found that equilibration between submicron aerosol and the gas phase is attainable on a time scale comparable to that of typical ambient gas and aerosol dynamics. However, the time required for the coarse ... | 0 |
79,180 | The influence of turbulence upon the chemical reaction of nitric oxide released from a ground source into ambient ozone | Fraigneau, Y; Gonzalez, M; Coppalle, A | 1,996 | A numerical study of the dispersion and chemical reaction of nitric monoxide released from a ground area source into the atmospheric boundary layer is presented. The idealized reversible reaction between ozone and nitric oxides, NO + O-3 reversible arrow NO2 + O-2, is considered as a representative reaction. Macromixin... | 0 |
36,362 | Growth responses and related biochemical and ultrastructural changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in birch (Betula pendula) saplings exposed to low concentrations of ozone | Paakkonen, E; Vahala, J; Holopainen, T; Karjalainen, R; Karenlampi, L | 1,996 | Saplings of ozone-sensitive and ozone-tolerant birch (Betula pendula Roth.), clones B and C, respectively, were exposed to ozone concentrations that were 1.7-fold higher than ambient for one growing season under open-field conditions. Ambient air was used as the control treatment. In the ozone-sensitive clone B, there ... | 0 |
664 | Air pollution and mortality: Results from a study of Santiago, Chile | Ostro, B; Sanchez, JM; Aranda, C; Eskeland, GS | 1,996 | In 1986, the U.S. EPA issued an air quality standard for particulate matter that included only particulates below 10 microns in diameter (PM10). Unfortunately, epidemiological research investigating the health effects associated with PM10 has been limited by the lack of available daily data from outdoor monitoring stat... | 0 |
86,436 | Estimating the cost of damage to buildings by acidifying atmospheric pollution in Europe | Cowell, D; Apsimon, H | 1,996 | United Kingdom Department of the Environment. | 0 |
57,279 | Field measurements of isoprene emission from trees in response to temperature and light | Sharkey, TD; Singsaas, EL; Vanderveer, PJ; Geron, CD | 1,996 | The atmospheric hydrocarbon budget is important for predicting ozone episodes and the effects of pollution mitigation strategies. Isoprene emission from plants is an important part of the atmospheric hydrocarbon budget. We measured isoprene emission capacity at the bottom, middle, and top of the canopies of a white oak... | 0 |
80,803 | Comparative sensitivity of lactating and virgin female rats to ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation | Gunnison, AF; Hatch, GE; Crissman, K; Bowers, A | 1,996 | National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences grants ES 05939; and ES 00260. | 1 |
52,795 | Biochemical basis for the toxicity of ozone | Mudd, JB | 1,996 | null | 1 |
84,474 | Particulate pollution and health: a review of the Utah Valley experience | Pope, CA, III | 1,996 | Utah Valley has provided an interesting and unique opportunity to evaluate the health effects of respirable particulate pollution (PM10) for several reasons. (1) It has moderately high average PM10 levels, and during low-level temperature inversion episodes, local emissions may become trapped in a stagnant air mass nea... | 0 |
80,783 | Ozone enhances the uptake of mineral particles by tracheobronchial epithelial cells in organ culture | Churg, A; Brauer, M; Keeling, B | 1,996 | Medical Research Council of Canada #We have previously shown that the basal uptake of mineral particles by tracheobronchial epithelial cells in organ culture is mediated in part by active oxygen species (AOS) and can be greatly augmented by exposure to cigarette smoke, a concentrated source of AOS, and other radicals. ... | 0 |
92,491 | The benefits of reduced damage to buildings from abatement of sulphur dioxide emissions | ApSimon, HM; Cowell, D | 1,996 | The 1994 Oslo Protocol for reduction of sulphur dioxide emissions was developed in the context of transboundary air pollution and its effects on acidification of natural ecosystems. However there are additional benefits of such emission abatement which are concentrated closer to the source in the country of origin. Thi... | 0 |
86,210 | The role of allergy and atopy in asthma | Platts-Mills, TAE; Wheatley, LM | 1,996 | #Asthma has become a very common disease and despite new treatments continues to cause very large numbers of hospital admissions, school absences and so on. Recent evidence from many parts of the world has established that the single most important risk factor for perennial asthma is sensitization to one of the major i... | 0 |
13,126 | Lipid ozonation products (LOP) as mediators of ozone toxicity | Pryor, WA; Kafoury, R; Squadrito, GL; Friedman, M | 1,996 | Ozone's lifetime is so short that it can not penetrate beyond the epithelial lining fluid or lung cell membranes. Therefore, we have proposed [Free Radical Biol Med 19:935 (1995)] that LOP act in signal transduction & relay the effects of ozone to deeper tissue strata. LOP have been isolated & identified in lavage & lu... | 0 |
82,700 | On the nature of air pollution dynamics in Mexico City--I Nonlinear analysis | Raga, GB; Le Moyne, L | 1,996 | We have applied a nonlinear dynamic analysis to air quality data (ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide) obtained at 13 of the surface stations of the automated monitoring network in Mexico City, following the work of Li er nl. (1994, Atmospheric Environment 28, 1707-1714). The time series used consi... | 0 |
52,826 | The modification of photosynthetic capacity induced by ozone exposure | Heath, RL | 1,996 | Summary Man's activities continue to increase the level of ozone in the atmosphere. In the absence of strict controls, plants will be forced to grow in a polluted atmosphere. In crops, this higher level of ozone induces a lowering of productivity, while | 0 |
79,895 | Short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution: results of the APHEA project in Paris | Dab, W; Medina, S; Quenel, P; Le Moullec, Y; Le Tertre, A; Thelot, B; Monteil, C; Lameloise, P; Pirard, P; Momas, I; Ferry, R; Festy, B | 1,996 | European Economic Communities; French Ministries of Health and Environment; Regional Council of Ile-de-France; ADEME; Medical Studies Department of Electricite de France; Gaz de France. Study objective - To quantify the short term respiratory health effects of ambient air pollution in the Paris area. Design - Time seri... | 0 |
42,651 | Effects of rooting medium and fertilizer rate on response of white clover to tropospheric ozone | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE | 1,996 | Two white clover (Trifolium repens L.) clones with varying sensitivity to O3 are being developed as a system to indicate effects of ambient concentrations of tropospheric O3 on plants. One clone (NC-S) is highly sensitive to O3 and the other (NC-R) is highly resistant. The system relies on periodic measurement of folia... | 0 |
79,902 | Asthma and ambient air pollution in Helsinki | Ponka, A; Virtanen, M | 1,996 | OBJECTIVE: To study whether ambient air levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total suspended particulates (TSP), and ozone (O3) affect the number of hospital admissions for asthma. DESIGN: The associations between the daily number of admissions and air pollutants were analysed with Poisson regressio... | 0 |
80,733 | Influence of tracheobronchial region expansion and volume on reactive gas uptake and interspecies dose extrapolations | Overton, JH; Graham, RC; Menache, MG; Mercer, RR; Miller, FJ | 1,996 | The influence of the value of the tracheobronchial region volume at functional residual capacity (V-TB(FRC)) and tracheobronchial (TB) region expansion during breathing on fractional uptake, proximal alveolar region (PAR) dose, and the ratio of rat to human PAR doses was investigated. A dosimetry model was used to simu... | 1 |
52,869 | Plasmodesmata play an essential role in sucrose export from leaves: a step towards an integration of metabolic biochemistry and cell biology | Stitt, M | 1,996 | null | 0 |
51,128 | Tropospheric cycle of nitrous acid | Harrison, RM; Peak, JD; Collins, GM | 1,996 | Measurements of the land surface exchange of nitrous acid over grass and sugar beet surfaces reveal both upward and downward fluxes with flux reversal occurring at an ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide of about 10 ppb. This confirms earlier preliminary findings and strengthens the hypothesis that substantial pro... | 0 |
79,371 | Ozone chemistry | Hassett, P | 1,996 | null | 0 |
42,670 | Foliar response of ozone-sensitive hardwood tree species from 1991 to 1993 in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia | Hildebrand, E; Skelly, JM; Fredericksen, TS | 1,996 | During the late summers of 1991, 1992, and 1993, the occurrence and severity of foliar symptoms on ozone-sensitive eastern hardwood species (black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.)) in the Shenandoah National Park, Va., and relationships be... | 1 |
79,903 | Effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in London between 1987-88 and 1991-92 | Ponce de Leon, A; Anderson, HR; Bland, JM; Strachan, DP; Bower, J | 1,996 | European Commission; United Kingdom National Asthma Campaign. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether air pollution levels in London have short term effects on hospital admissions for respiratory disease. DESIGN: Poisson regression analysis of daily counts of hospital admissions, adjusting for effects of trend, seasona... | 0 |
80,335 | Air pollution and mortality in Barcelona | Sunyer, J; Castellsague, J; Saez, M; Tobias, A; Anto, JM | 1,996 | STUDY OBJECTIVES: Studies conducted in Barcelona reported a short term relation between daily air pollutant values and emergency department admissions for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and asthma. Air pollution in Barcelona is mainly generated by vehicle exhaust and is below the World Health Or... | 0 |
80,836 | Killing Heat | Kellerman, AL; Todd, KH | 1,996 | null | 0 |
53,977 | Peroxy radical concentrations measured and calculated from trace gas measurements in the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 2 | Cantrell, CA; Shetter, RE; Gilpin, TM; Calvert, JG; Eisele, FL; Tanner, DJ | 1,996 | Measurements of peroxy radical concentrations ([HO2] + [RO(2)]) were made by the 'chemical amplifier' technique during the four intensives of the Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment 2 (MLOPEX 2) at the Mauna Loa Observatory in 1991-1992. In this study these data are compared with the theoretical values of t... | 0 |
86,628 | Growth and maintenance respiration in leaves of northern red oak seedlings and mature trees after 3 years of ozone exposure | Wullschleger, SD; Hanson, PJ; Edwards, GS | 1,996 | A two-component model of growth and maintenance respiration is used to study the response of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings and 32-year-old trees to sub-ambient (10 ?mol h; cumulative dose based on 7 h daily mean), ambient (43 ?mol h), and twice-ambient (85 ?molh) ozone. The relative growth rates (RGR) o... | 0 |
86,214 | Cytoprotective effect of epidermal growth factor on cultured rabbit airway epithelial cells exposed to ozone | Qin, XQ; Sun, XH; Lou, ZQ; Guan, CX; Zhang, CQ | 1,996 | null | 0 |
86,265 | An update on air pollution | Weinmann, GG | 1,996 | #Air pollution is associated with adverse health effects. Much of the recent literature, which is the focus of this review, has concentrated on identifying individuals at risk and on the health effects of mixed pollutants. For indoor air, new analyses continue to support the notion that the risk of residential radon ex... | 0 |
47,603 | Trace gas and aerosol measurements using aircraft data from the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE 1993) | Buhr, M; Sueper, D; Trainer, M; Goldan, P; Kuster, B; Fehsenfeld, F | 1,996 | Measurements of the concentrations of O3, CO, NO, NOy, condensation nuclei, and aerosols in 12 size bins ranging from 0.1 to 3.1 m as well as a variety of meteorological parameters were collected aboard the NCAR King Air in August 1993 during 16 flights over or near the Gulf of Maine. The purpose of this measurement ca... | 0 |
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