REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12,085 | Ozone exposure generates free radicals in the blood samples in vitro Detection by the ESR spin-trapping technique | Ueno, I; Hoshino, M; Miura, T; Shinriki, N | 1,998 | #Generation of free radicals in the reaction of ozone with blood samples and related salt solutions was investigated in vitro by using ESR spin-trapping technique with DMPO. In the reactions of low levels of ozone, a carbon-centered radical was spin-trapped with DMPO, giving rise to the 6-line ESR signal in both whole ... | 0 |
52,339 | Influence of increased isoprene emissions on regional ozone modeling | Pierce, T; Geron, C; Bender, L; Dennis, R; Tonnesen, G; Guenther, A | 1,998 | The role of biogenic hydrocarbons on ozone modeling has been a controversial issue since the 1970s. In recent years, changes in biogenic emission algorithms have resulted in large increases in estimated isoprene emissions. This paper describes a recent algorithm, the second generation of the Biogenic Emissions Inventor... | 0 |
86,160 | Fluticasone propionate attenuates ozone-induced rhinitis and mucous cell metaplasia in rat nasal airway epithelium | Hotchkiss, JA; Hilaski, R; Cho, H; Regan, K; Spencer, P; Slack, K; Harkema, JR | 1,998 | Ozone (O3) is the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog. Repeated exposures to O3 induces inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal airways of laboratory animals. Our study was designed to determine the efficacy of a topical anti-inflammatory corticosteroid in preventing O3-induced rhinitis and m... | 0 |
38,005 | On the uncertainties in the rate coefficients for OH reactions with hydrocarbons, and the rate coefficients of the 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene and m-xylene reactions with OH radicals in the gas phase | Kramp, F; Paulson, SE | 1,998 | Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and m-xylene with the OH radical relative to 10 reference compounds were measured yielding (57.3 ? 5.3) I 10-12 and (22.0 ? 2.7) I 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively (uncertainties are 2"sigma"). These uncertainties arise from a combinati... | 0 |
47,147 | Impacts of lowered urban air temperatures on precursor emission and ozone air quality | Taha, H; Konopacki, S; Akbari, H | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Energy. | 0 |
47,146 | Seasonal variation in the effects of major indoor and outdoor environmental variables on asthma | Bielory, L; Deener, A | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
14,129 | Ultraviolet radiation at sites on the Antarctic coast | Frederick, JE; Qu, Z; Booth, CR | 1,998 | Ultraviolet Monitoring and Assessment Program Panel; National Science Foundation. Ground-based measurements of solar UV irradiance combined with calculations using satellite-based ozone data are able to define the variability in UV sunlight at Palmer Station and McMurdo Station, Antarctica overtime scales of years. Spe... | 0 |
87,284 | Nasal epithelium as a sentinel for airborne environmental pollution | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Rodriquez-Alcaraz, A; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Lyght, O; Janszen, D; Morgan, KT | 1,998 | A wide range of chemicals, participate matter, and gaseous air pollutants are present in urban atmospheres and may pose a significant health risk for human populations. Nasal passages are the first site of contact of the respiratory tract with the environment and offer significant protection to the lower respiratory tr... | 0 |
13,103 | Effect of ozone on susceptibility to respiratory viral infection and virus-induced cytokine secretion | Becker, S; Soukup, JM; Reed, W; Carson, J; Devlin, RB; Noah, TL | 1,998 | Airway epithelium is the primary target tissue for respiratory viruses as well as an important target of ozone (O3) toxicity. A change in the severity of viral airway infection may result from changes in epithelial cell susceptibility to infection, metabolic interference with viral replication, or altered production of... | 0 |
768,002 | Regional budgets for nitrogen oxides from continental sources: Variations of rates for oxidation and deposition with season and distance from source regions | Munger, JW; Fan, SM; Bakwin, PS; Goulden, ML; Goldstein, AH; Colman, AS; Wofsy, SC | 1,998 | Measurements of nitrogen deposition and concentrations of NO, NO2, NOy (total oxidized N), and O-3 have been made at Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts since 1990 to define the atmospheric budget for reactive N near a major source region. Total (wet plus dry) reactive N deposition for the period 1990-1996 averaged... | 0 |
86,169 | Inflammatory and epithelial responses in mouse strains that differ in sensitivity to hyperoxic injury | Johnston, CJ; Stripp, BR; Piedbeouf, B; Wright, TW; Mango, GW; Reed, CK; Finkelstein, JN | 1,998 | The pulmonary response to various toxicants including bleomycin, ozone, ionizing radiation, and hyperoxia is highly variable among mouse strains. The current study tests the hypothesis that at a similar stage of injury, regardless of strain, expression of inflammatory cytokine and epithelial marker genes would be simil... | 0 |
778,741 | Global methane emission from wetlands and its sensitivity to climate change | Cao, M; Gregson, K; Marshall, S | 1,998 | The concentration of atmospheric methane (CH4) exerts a
strong influence on atmospheric chemistry and the global climate. Natural and cultivated wetlands
(rice paddies) are important sources of CH4, and the extent and strength of these sources may
increase as a result of global warming and extension of rice produ... | 0 |
44,228 | Characterization of the Nashville urban plume on July 3 and July 18, 1995 | Nunnermacker, LJ; Imre, D; Daum, PH; Kleinman, L; Lee, YN; Lee, JH; Springston, SR; Newman, L; Weinstein-Lloyd, J; Luke, WT; Banta, R; Alvarez, R; Senff, C; Sillman, S; Holdren, M; Keigley, GW; Zhou, X | 1,998 | The Southern Oxidants Study field campaign was designed to characterize the formation and distribution of ozone and related species in the Nashville urban region. Data from several airborne platforms as well as surface observations on July 3 and 18 are examined to gain insight into the factors that control O3 formation... | 0 |
57,478 | Solar UVR exposures of primary school children at three locations in Queensland | Gies, P; Roy, C; Toomey, S; Maclennan, R; Watson, M | 1,998 | The ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposures of primary school children in Brisbane, Toowoomba and Mackay (latitudes 27 degrees 30', 27 degrees 33' and 21 degrees 15' south, respectively) were assessed over a period of 2 weeks at each location using UVR-sensitive polysulfone (PS) film badges attached at the shoulder. The ... | 0 |
19,103 | Elevated ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation and agriculture | Krupa, SV; Kickert, RN; Jager, HJ | 1,998 | Global climate change is the result of the complex system of atmospheric processes and their products. A main factor in this system is the increase in surface level ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, which is known not only to cause human melanoma but also to affect terrestrial and aquatic life in general. This book illumin... | 0 |
53,176 | Correlation between ozone exposure and visible foliar injury in ponderosa and Jeffrey pines | Salardino, DH; Carroll, JJ | 1,998 | #Ozone exposure was related to ozone-induced visible foliar injury in ponderosa and Jeffrey pines growing on the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Measurements of ozone exposure, chlorotic mottle and fascicle retention were collected during the years 1992-1994 for 11 sites located throughout ... | 0 |
14,983 | Is ozone therapy therapeutic? | Bocci, V | 1,998 | null | 0 |
93,619 | Ecophysiological responses of Japanese forest tree species to ozone, simulated acid rain and soil acidification | Izuta, T | 1,998 | In this review, I summarized the results obtained from experimental studies on the ecophysiological responses of Japanese forest tree species to O3, simulated acid rain and soil acidification. Based on the studies conducted in Japan, exposure to ambient levels of O3 below 100 nl - l-1 (ppb) for several months is suffic... | 0 |
53,962 | The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry | Houweling, S; Dentener, F; Lelieveld, J | 1,998 | Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) play an important role in global scale tropospheric photochemistry. The representation of NMHC chemistry in three-dimensional tropospheric chemistry transport models requires a highly parameterized description of only the most important processes, as the number of reactions and compounds ... | 0 |
51,301 | Heterogeneous reactions of Cl2 with sea salts at ambient temperature: implications for halogen exchange in the atmosphere | Mochida, M; Hirokawa, J; Kajii, Y; Akimoto, H | 1,998 | #Laboratory measurements of heterogeneous reactions of Cl2 (g) on solid sea salts at ambient temperature and low relative humidity have been carried out using a Knudsen cell reactor. Synthetic sea salt and commercial natural sea salt are used to represent sea salt particles. The uptake probabilities for synthetic sea s... | 0 |
52,015 | Bacterial effects of high airborne ozone concentrations on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus | Kowalski, WJ; Bahnfleth, WP; Whittam, TS | 1,998 | null | 0 |
52,482 | The interference and cross sensitivity for an UV ozone monitor | Narita, S; Uchiyama, S; Takemi, K | 1,998 | The interference effect of co-existing gases other than ozone is examined when ozone is measured by means of an UV ozone monitor. Interference of non-measured organic chemical compounds can be estimated depending upon the quantities of physical function radicals. Also, for inorganic chemical compounds, some interferenc... | 0 |
47,156 | Heterogeneous production of nitrous acid on soot in polluted air masses | Ammann, M; Kalberer, M; Jost, DT; Tobler, L; Rossler, E; Piguet, D; Gaggeler, HW; Baltensperger, U | 1,998 | Polluted air masses are characterized by high concentrations of oxidized nitrogen compounds which are involved in photochemical smog and ozone formation. The OH radical is a key species in these oxidation processes. The photolysis of nitrous acid (HNO2), in the morning, leads to the direct formation of the OH radical a... | 0 |
770,056 | Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide | Scherzer, A | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,751 | Cytokine mediation of ozone-induced pulmonary adaptation | Mckinney, WJ; Jaskot, RH; Richards, JH; Costa, DL; Dreher, KL | 1,998 | Previous studies have shown that a single exposure of animals to ozone (O3) can induce protection or adaptation to the acute injurious effects of a subsequent O3 challenge. Although a number of mechanisms have been proposed to account for this response, none appear to be fully explanatory. We examined the role interleu... | 1 |
86,752 | Adaptation of rat type II pneumocytes to NO2: effects of NO2 application mode on phosphatidylcholine metabolism | Muller, B; Seifart, C; Vonwichert, P; Barth, PJ | 1,998 | Previous studies have shown that nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhalation affects the extracellular surfactant as well as the structure and function of type II pneumocytes. Since in these studies there were great variabilities in oxidant concentration, duration of exposure, and mode of NO2 application, we evaluated the influe... | 0 |
24,966 | Guideline on speciated particulate monitoring (Draft 3) | Chow, JC; Watson, JG | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. INTRO. Chemical speciation of suspended particulate matter (PM) is needed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) PM2.5 (mass fraction of particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 Am) monitoring program as set forth in 40 CFR part 58, "Ambient Air Quality Surve... | 0 |
13,203 | Epidemiology studies in immunotoxicity evaluations | Biagini, RE | 1,998 | Studies in humans designed to detect immunomodulation from exposure toxenobiotics present challenging problems to epidemiologists and immunotoxicologists. Exposed and control groups must be carefully selected, exposure to the xenobiotic must be sufficiently high and well-documented, and the referent group should be as ... | 0 |
53,494 | Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels | Lindinger, W; Hansel, A; Jordan, A | 1,998 | A system for on-line measurements of trace components with concentrations as low as a few pptv has been developed on the basis of proton transfer reactions. Medical applications by means of breath analysis allow the monitoring of metabolic processes in the human body, and examples of food research include investigation... | 0 |
30,015 | Seasonal influences on ozone uptake and foliar injury to Ponderosa and Jeffrey pines at a southern California site | Temple, PJ; Miller, PR | 1,998 | Ambient ozone was monitored from 1992 to 1994 near a forested site dominated by mature Jeffrey and ponderosa
pines (Pinus jeffrey Grev. & Balf. and Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) at 2,000 m in the San Bernardino Mountains
of southern California. Ozone injury symptoms, including percent chlorotic mottle and foliage re... | 0 |
47,141 | Spatial patterns of tropospheric ozone in the Mount Rainier region of the Cascade Mountains, USA | Brace, S; Peterson, DL | 1,998 | National Park Service; USDA Forest Service. | 0 |
11,222 | Effect of atmospheric pollution on the respiratory system | Oyarzun, M; Pino, P; Ortiz, J; Olaeta, I | 1,998 | #Santiago de Chile has a high level of air pollution with ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and particles equal or smaller than 10 mum (PM10) usually exceedingthe accepted standards. This situation should be noxious for the exposed population and particularly - in the case of O3 and PM10- for the respiratory system. How... | 0 |
90,800 | Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure on human host defense | Azadniv, M; Utell, MJ; Morrow, PE; Gibb, FR; Nichols, J; Roberts, NJ, Jr; Speers, DM; Torres, A; Tsai, Y; Abraham, MK; Voter, KZ; Frampton, MW | 1,998 | Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure has been linked with increased respiratory illness and infection. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure at peak indoor levels causes airway inflammation or impairs local or systemic host defense in humans either immediately or 18 h after exposure. In an initial ph... | 0 |
37,979 | Benzene oxidation in the troposphere Theoretical investigation on the possible competition of three postulated reaction channels | Ghico, G; Tonachini, G | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,761 | Cytochrome P450 2E1 in rat tracheobronchial airways: response to ozone exposure | Watt, KC; Plopper, CG; Weir, AJ; Tarkington, B; Buckpitt, AR | 1,998 | The distal trachea and centriacinus of the lung are primary sites of acute injury during short-term ozone exposure; long-term ex- posure yields cells in these areas that are resistant to high doses of oxidant gases. Epithelial cells located in primary sites for ozone injury are also targets for chemicals that undergo c... | 0 |
74,365 | Speciation of organometal and organohalogen compounds in relation to global environmental pollution | Adams, FC; Heisterkamp, M; Candelone, JP; Laturnus, F; Van De Velde, K; Boutron, CF | 1,998 | #Speciation of the elements emitted into the atmosphere plays an important role in their long range transport over the globe and their eventual pollution of remote environments. This paper describes recent results of our laboratory in: (1) organolead determinations in archives of snow and ice in Greenland and the Mont ... | 0 |
54,473 | Site-selective differences in cytochrome P450 isoform activities: comparison of expression in rat and rhesus monkey lung and induction in rats | Lee, C; Watt, KC; Chang, AM; Plopper, CG; Buckpitt, AR; Pinkerton, KE | 1,998 | The distribution of pulmonary cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) isoforms has been investigated primarily in immunohistochemical studies, which are neither quantitative nor reflective of the functions of these enzymes. Studies of enzyme activities have been performed using whole-lung homogenates or isolated cells, but there... | 0 |
54,033 | Meteorological factors associated with inhomogeneous ozone concentrations within the Mexico City basin | Fast, JD; Zhong, SY | 1,998 | Meteorological processes associated with inhomogeneous ozone concentrations over Mexico City are examined by using observations from a recent field campaign and a mesoscale dynamics and dispersion modeling system. During this 4-week field campaign, meteorological measurements of the spatial flow structure within the Me... | 0 |
657,213 | Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control | Noctor, G; Foyer, CH | 1,998 | To cope with environmental fluctuations and to prevent invasion by pathogens, plant metabolism must be flexible and dynamic. Active oxygen species, whose formation is accelerated under stress conditions, must be rapidly processed if oxidative damage is to be averted. The lifetime of active oxygen species within the cel... | 1 |
37,917 | OH reaction kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans | Brubaker, WW, Jr; Hites, RA | 1,998 | Rate constants were measured for gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and four polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). These OH reaction rate constants were determined in helium at about 1 atm over various temperature ranges between 306 a... | 0 |
1,643,588 | Short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions of respiratory diseases in Europe: a quantitative summary of APHEA study results. Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach | Spix, C; Anderson, HR; Schwartz, J; Vigotti, MA; Letertre, A; Vonk, JM; Touloumi, G; Balducci, F; Piekarski, T; Bacharova, L; Tobias, A; Ponka, A; Katsouyanni, K | 1,998 | The Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach (APHEA) project is a coordinated study of the short-term effects of air pollution on mortality and hospital admissions. Five West European cities (i.e., London, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Paris, Milano) contributed several years of hospital admissions data for all respirator... | 0 |
52,382 | MOZART, a global transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 1. Model description | Brasseur, GP; Hauglustaine, DA; Walters, S; Rasch, PJ; Muller, JF; Granier, C; Tie, XX | 1,998 | We present a new global three-dimensional chemical-transport model (called MOZART) developed in the framework of the NCAR Community Climate Model (C CM) and aimed at studying the* distribution and budget of tropospheric ozone and its precursors. The model, developed with a horizontal resolution of 2.80 in longitude and... | 0 |
55,075 | Effect of aircraft on ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground | Plumb, IC; Ryan, KR | 1,998 | Changes in ozone levels for a range of scenarios, including those for present and projected future aircraft emissions and for present and future halogen loadings, are calculated using the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization two-dimensional chemical transport model, These changes are applied to ... | 0 |
25,454 | Validation and applications protocol for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds and fine particles | Fujita, EM; Watson, JG | 1,998 | The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) receptor model has been applied to volatile organic compound data from Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations in several urban areas in the United States. These applications differ in terms of the source profiles applied, the chemical compounds used in the calculations and the tota... | 0 |
202,211 | Environmental endocrine disruption: An effects assessment and analysis | Crisp, TM; Clegg, ED; Cooper, RL; Wood, WP; Anderson, DG; Baetcke, KP; Hoffmann, JL; Morrow, MS; Rodier, DJ; Schaeffer, JE; Touart, LW; Zeeman, MG; Patel, YM | 1,998 | This report is an overview of the current state of the science relative to environmental endocrine disruption in humans, laboratory testing, and wildlife species. Background information is presented on the field of endocrinology, the nature of hormones, and potential sites for endocrine disruption, with specific exampl... | 0 |
26,753 | An economic analysis of ozone control in California's San Joaquin Valley | Kim, HJ; Helfand, GE; Howitt, RE | 1,998 | This study estimates the benefits to agriculture and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on o... | 0 |
86,251 | Macromolecular carbonyls in human stratum corneum: a biomarker for environmental oxidant exposure? | Thiele, JJ; Traber, MG; Re, R; Espuno, N; Yan, LJ; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 1,998 | #The presence of stratum corneum carbonyls may serve as an intrinsic dosimeter for environmental oxidative damage to skin. To investigate the accumulation of carbonyls in human stratum corneum, skin was tape-stripped, then tapes were sequentially incubated with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNPH), rat anti-DNP, mouse an... | 0 |
48,060 | An overview of the airborne activities during the Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee ozone study | Hubler, G; Alvarez R, II; Daum, P; Dennis, R; Gillani, N; Kleinman, L; Luke, W; Meagher, J; Rider, D; Trainer, M; Valente, R | 1,998 | The cause and extent of elevated ozone levels which are often found during summer in the southeastern United States were the focus of the intensive Southern Oxidants Study (SOS) 1995 Nashville/Middle Tennessee Ozone Study. Six aircraft were extensively instrumented and were deployed in concert during the summer of 1995... | 0 |
26,484 | The interactive effects of CO2, O3 and nitrogen on the photosynthetic response of juvenile wheat plants | Donnelly, A; Jones, MB; Schneiders, BJ; Burke, JI | 1,998 | null | 0 |
29,718 | Growth and yield responses of Pakistan rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars to O3 and NO2 | Maggs, R; Ashmore, MR | 1,998 | Two separate experiments were undertaken to determine Pakistan rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar responses to air pollution, and specifically to test whether O3 was the pollutant likely to have caused the large effects of filtration on rice yield found in earlier field experiments in Pakistan. In the first experiment (Ex... | 0 |
20,449 | Phenylpropanoid metabolism and phenolic composition of soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr] leaves following exposure to ozone | Booker, FL; Miller, JE | 1,998 | Plants treated with the air pollutant, ozone (O3), often respond with increased transcript levels and activities of enzymes in the general phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways. This suggests that increased biosynthesis of lignin and related products also occurs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether O3 stim... | 0 |
86,190 | A respiratory ozone analyzer optimized for high resolution and swift dynamic response during exercise conditions | Macdougal, CS; Rigas, ML; Ben-Jebria, A; Ultman, JS | 1,998 | The breath-to-breath determination of total respiratory ozone (O3) uptake requires the monitoring of O3 concentration at the airway opening with an instrument that responds rapidly relative to the frequency of respiration. Originally, the authors developed an analyzer that used the homogeneous chemiluminescent reaction... | 0 |
86,345 | Effect of ozone exposure on alveolar macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity in rats | Koike, E; Kobayashi, T; Nelson, DJ; Mcwilliam, AS; Holt, PG | 1,998 | Ozone (O3), a major component of photochemical air pollution, is a strong oxidizing agent and highly toxic. Resident alveolar macrophages (AM) play an important immunomodulatory role in the lung via suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, thus limiting the magnitude and duration of local immune responses. Nitric oxide... | 0 |
51,581 | Nitrogen saturation in temperate forest ecosystems | Aber, J; Mcdowell, W; Nadelhoffer, K; Magill, A; Berntson, G; Kamakea, M; Mcnulty, S; Currie, W; Rustad, L; Fernandez, I | 1,998 | National Science Foundation; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #1st PARAGRAPH: Nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere due to human activity remain elevated in industrialized regions of the world and are accelerating in many developing regions (Galloway 1995). Although the deposition of sulfur has been reduced over m... | 0 |
27,048 | Proliferation of airway epithelium after ozone exposure: effect of apocynin and dexamethasone | Salmon, M; Koto, H; Lynch, OT; Haddad, EB; Lamb, NJ; Quinlan, GJ; Barnes, PJ; Chung, KF | 1,998 | Smithkline-Beecham, Inc.; British Lung Foundation.#Ozone is an environmental pollutant with potent oxidizing properties. We investigated whether exposure to ozone-induced cell proliferation in the lungs of rats, and determined the effect of an antioxidant and of a glucocorticosteroid in Brown-Norway (BN) rats. Followin... | 0 |
27,285 | Exposing guinea pigs to ozone for 1 wk enhances responsiveness of rapidly adapting receptors | Joad, JP; Kott, KS; Bonham, AC | 1,998 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.Acute exposure to ozone causes changes in breathing pattern and lung function which may be caused in part by stimulation of rapidly adapting receptors (RARs). The consequences of repeated daily ozone exposure on RAR responsiveness are unknown, although ozone-induced c... | 0 |
84,601 | Air pollution and mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: an examination of effects of PM10 dominated by coarse particles | Ostro, B; Lipsett, M | 1,998 | Many studies provide evidence of an association between airborne particles, measured as PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter) and mortality. Most of these studies have been conducted in urban areas where PM10 consists primarily of fine particles (< 2.5 "mu" in diameter). Few studies have investigat... | 0 |
41,221 | Design for smoking areas: part 1-fundamentals | Nelson, PR; Bohanon, HR, Jr; Walker, JC | 1,998 | null | 0 |
51,235 | Seasonal budgets of reactive nitrogen species and ozone over the United States, and export fluxes to the global atmosphere | Liang, J; Horowitz, LW; Jacob, DJ; Wang, Y; Fiore, AM; Logan, JA; Gardner, GM; Munger, JW | 1,998 | A three-dimensional, continental-scale photochemical model is used to investigate seasonal budgets of O3 and NOy species (including NOx and its oxidation products) in the boundary layer over the United States and to estimate the export of these species from the U.S. boundary layer to the global atmosphere. Model result... | 0 |
93,624 | Emergency room visits for respiratory illnesses among the elderly in Montreal: association with low level ozone exposure | Delfino, RJ; Murphy-Moulton, AM; Becklake, MR | 1,998 | National Institutes of Health. #Population-based studies of hospital usage have been used to identify the ongoing adverse impacts of photochemical air pollutants on respiratory health. In this study we examined the relationship between the number of daily emergency room (ER) visits for respiratory illnesses (25 hospita... | 0 |
47,925 | Evolution of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing | Stevenson, DS; Johnson, CE; Collins, WJ; Derwent, RG; Shine, KP; Edwards, JM | 1,998 | #We present the first estimate of the evolution of tropospheric ozone (O(T)) radiative forcing since 1860 and into the future. The UKMO 3-D chemistry-transport model (STOCHEM) was used to simulate the tropospheric composition in 1860, 1950, 1970, 1990 and 2100, by changing trace gas emissions. The future scenario used ... | 0 |
36,096 | UV-induced immunosuppression in virus infections | Norval, M; el-Ghorr, AA | 1,998 | null | 0 |
29,942 | Correlations between CO, NOy, O3 and non-methane hydrocarbons and their relationships with meteorology during winter 1993 on the north Norfolk coast, UK | Cardenas, LM; Austin, JF; Burgess, RA; Clemitshaw, KC; Dorling, S; Penkett, SA; Harrison, RM | 1,998 | NERC TIGER project; Department of Energy (United Kingdom); Fundacion Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho, Venezuela. | 0 |
81,412 | A comparison of the association between air pollution and mortality or hospital admissions in Prague, Czech Republic with the effects of particulate matter in Birmingham and Philadelphia, USA | Roth, HD; Li, Y; Zhang, J; Kamberska, Z; Holub, J; Kubinova, R; Kazmarova, H; Coufal, L | 1,998 | The impact of PM10 or total suspended particulate (TSP) levels on mortality and hospital admissions was examined in Philadelphia, U.S.A. (only mortality), Birmingham, U.S.A. and Prague. the Czech Republic and the findings were compared in these three communities. In addition to PM10 (or TSP), other pollutants considere... | 0 |
50,452 | Increased nitric oxide synthase in the lung after ozone inhalation is associated with activation of NF-kB | Laskin, DL; Sunil, V; Guo, Y; Heck, DE; Laskin, JD | 1,998 | Acute inhalation of ozone is associated with a inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of macrophages at sites of tissue injury. These cells, along with resident alveolar epithelial cells, become activated and release cytotoxic and proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (.NO), that we speculat... | 0 |
15,333 | Risk assessment for the harmful effects of UVB radiation on the immunological resistance to infectious diseases | Goettsch, W; Garssen, J; Slob, W; De Gruijl, FR; Van Loveren, H | 1,998 | Risk assessment comprises four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. In this study, the effects of increased ultraviolet B (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation on immune functions and the immunological resistance to infectious diseases in rats were analyzed accor... | 0 |
12,046 | Interactions between human bronchoepithelial cells and lung fibroblasts after ozone exposure in vitro | Lang, DS; Jorres, RA; Mucke, M; Siegfried, W; Magnussen, H | 1,998 | Projekt Umwelt und Gesundheit, Karlsruhe (PUG L93009); Marohn-Stiftung, Erlangen; Landesversicherungsanstalt (LVA) Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg. Long-term exposure to ozone has been shown to cause lung fibrosis and increased collagen synthesis by fibroblasts in experimental animals. As the bronchial epithelium appears ... | 0 |
16,971 | Boreal forest plants take up organic nitrogen | Nasholm, T; Ekblad, A; Nordin, A; Giesler, R; Hogberg, M; Hogberg, P | 1,998 | Plant growth in the boreal forest, the largest terrestrial biome, is generally limited by the availability of nitrogen. The presumed cause of this limitation is slow mineralization of soil organic nitrogen,. Here we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, the uptake of organic nitrogen in the field by the tre... | 0 |
7,033 | Reduced gas-phase kinetic mechanism for atmospheric plume chemistry | Karamchandani, P; Koo, A; Seigneur, C | 1,998 | Electric Power Research Institute. #The subgrid-scale simulation of plume chemistry in three-dimensional air quality models can be computationally demanding. To minimize this computational burden, a reduced kinetic mechanism for the gas-phase chemistry of power plant plumes is developed and validated against a full che... | 0 |
80,409 | Functional aspects of animal diversity in soil: introduction and overview | Wolters, V | 1,998 | null | 0 |
53,946 | Measurements comparison of oxygenated volatile organic compounds at a rural site during the 1995 SOS Nashville Intensive | Apel, EC; Calvert, JG; Riemer, D; Pos, W; Zika, R; Kleindienst, TE; Lonneman, WA; Fung, K; Fujita, E; Shepson, PB; Starn, TK; Roberts, PT | 1,998 | Simultaneous measurements of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) by four independent research groups at the Youth Incorporated (YI) site during the 1995 Southern Oxidants Study Nashville Intensive, between July 4 and 30, 1995, provided a unique opportunity to compare results from different techniques. 2,4-Din... | 0 |
86,156 | Acute effects of ozone on pulmonary function of cyclists receiving antioxidant supplements | Grievink, L; Jansen, SMA; Van't Veer, P; Brunekreef, B | 1,998 | To identify whether acute lung function effects of ozone can be modulated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation. METHODS: Amateur cyclists (n = 26) were studied in the summer of 1994 in The Netherlands. Repeated lung function measurements were performed with a rolling seal spirometer after training sessions or competi... | 0 |
47,218 | Constraining the heterogeneous loss of O3 on soot particles with observations in jet engine exhaust plumes | Gao, RS; Karcher, B; Keim, ER; Fahey, DW | 1,998 | In situ measurements in the engine exhaust of a Concorde supersonic aircraft in the lower stratosphere are used to constrain heterogeneous reaction rates on soot particles in a plume model. Upper limit values are obtained for the product of the reactive uptake coefficients of O3 and NO2 and the mean surface area of ind... | 0 |
1,197 | Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 8 Effects on the total antioxidant status and on interleukin-8 production | Bocci, V; Valacchi, G; Corradeschi, F; Fannetti, G | 1,998 | Ozone (O3) is a controversial gas because, owing to its potent oxidant properties, it exerts damaging effects on the respiratory tract and yet it has been used for four decades as a therapy. While the disinfectant activity of O3 is understandable, it is less clear how other biological effects can be elicited in human b... | 0 |
458,869 | Lead--the toxic metal to stay with human | Srianujata, S | 1,998 | Lead has been known to be toxic to most living things at high dose. It is found naturally in earth and present in almost all parts of the environment, such as foods, air, water, dust, soil, paint, and tissues of living organisms including human. This metal is being used in various aspects including the manufacturing of... | 0 |
30,253 | Disturbance in stomatal behaviour caused by air pollutants | Robinson, MF; Heath, J; Mansfield, TA | 1,998 | Many atmospheric pollutants, even when present at relatively low concentrations, may interfere with the control of stomatal aperture, and they thus have the potential to upset the water balance of the leaf or the whole plant. Although at high concentrations pollutants such as SO2 and O3 usually cause stomatal closure, ... | 0 |
55,065 | Effects of aerosols on the wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible 2 Continental and urban aerosols in clear skies | Erlick, C; Frederick, JE | 1,998 | In this study we model the effects of continental and urban aerosols and their variation with humidity on the transmission of ultraviolet and visible radiation to the Earth's surface. Normalizing the transmission to that of an aerosol-free atmosphere, we examine the mechanisms behind two wavelength-dependent aerosol ef... | 0 |
29,922 | Weekly cycles of air pollutants, precipitation and tropical cyclones in the coastal NW Atlantic region | Cerveny, RS; Balling, RC, Jr | 1,998 | Direct human influences on climate have been detected at local scales, such as urban temperature increases and precipitation enhancement, and at global scales,. A possible indication of an anthropogenic effect on regional climate is by identification of equivalent weekly cycles in climate and pollution variables. Weekl... | 0 |
52,444 | An urban air quality simulation with community multi-scale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system | Byun, D; Young, J; Gipson, G; Schere, K; Godowitch, J; Pleim, J; Binkowski, F; Roselle, S; Benjey, B; Ching, J; Novak, J; Leduc, S | 1,998 | In an effort to provide a state-of-the-science air quality modeling capability, US EPA has developed a new comprehensive and flexible Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The authors demonstrate CMAQ simulations for a high ozone episode in the northeastern US during 12-15 July 1995 and dis... | 0 |
12,078 | Guinea pig lung resistance shows circadian rhythmicity not influenced by ozone | Sommer, B; Montano, LM; Chavez, J; Gustin, P; Vargas, MH | 1,998 | Increased circadian variability of airway caliber is a key feature of asthmatic patients, but it has not been addressed in animal models of asthma. Furthermore, animal studies on circadian rhythmicity of airway resistance are very scanty. We used a plethysmographic method for unrestrained guinea pigs to monitor a lung ... | 0 |
36,333 | Effects of ozone on wild plants | Davison, AW; Barnes, JD | 1,998 | Although there is a great deal of concern about the effects of human activities on biodiversity, until recently there has been very little interest in the effects of ozone on the species that constitute the major part of the flora, the diverse herbaceous and shrubby species of natural and semi-natural communities. Howe... | 0 |
86,758 | A reanalysis of the ozone/asthma relationship [author's response] | Thurston, GD | 1,998 | null | 0 |
41,747 | Decomposition of blackberry and broomsedge bluestem as influenced by ozone | Kim, JS; Chappelka, AH; Miller-Goodman, MS | 1,998 | Many researchers have reported on individual plant responses to O3, but few have investigated the effects of this pollutant on ecosystem function. Our investigation examined the influence of O3 on short-term (Phase I) litter decomposition of blackberry (Rubus cuneifolus Pursh.) and broomsedge bluestem (Andropogon virgi... | 0 |
670,457 | Dose-response effect of varied equivalent minute ventilation rates on pulmonary function responses during exposure to ozone | Adams, WC | 1,998 | null | 1 |
41,450 | Experimental assessment of the influence of atmospheric pollutants on respiratory disease | Koren, H; O'Neill, M | 1,998 | Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by inflammation, episodes of usually reversible airways obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The disease has significant health, societal and economic consequences. Experimental assessment methods, including controlled human exposure studies, human and an... | 0 |
47,588 | Altered alveolar macrophage function in calorie-restricted rats | Dong, W; Selgrade, MK; GilmourMI; Lange, RW; Park, P; Luster, MI; Kari, FW | 1,998 | Alveolar macrophage functions associated with clearance of bacteria from the lung were assessed in male Fischer 344 rats maintained on a 25% calorie-restricted diet. Calorie-restricted and ad libitum-fed (control) rats were exposed to concentrations of ozone known to compromise phagocytic function of alveolar macrophag... | 0 |
48,901 | Mortality and ambient fine particles in southwest Mexico City, 1993-1995 | Borja-Aburto, VH; Castillejos, M; Gold, DR; Bierzwinski, S; Loomis, D | 1,998 | U.S. Environemtnal Protection Agency; University of North Carolina; Harvard University; Mexico-U.S. Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange; Edward and Amalie Kass Fellowship at the Harvard Medical School; CONSERVA.#Epidemiologic studies have focused attention on the health effects of fine particulate air poll... | 0 |
86,216 | Parallel airways inhomogeneity and lung tissue mechanics in transition to constricted state in rabbits | Romero, PV; Rodriguez, B; Lopez-Aguilar, J; Manresa, F | 1,998 | null | 0 |
79,938 | Fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease | Neas, LM | 1,998 | The 1996 EPA Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter relied in large part upon epidemiologic studies of the short-term (acute) effects of inhalable particulate matter (PM) exposures on all-cause mortality and hospitalizations with very limited experimental evidence from toxicology or clinical studies. Recent resea... | 0 |
7,037 | The difficult challenge of attaining EPA's new ozone standard | Lefohn, AS; Shadwick, DS; Ziman, SD | 1,998 | On Sept. 16, 1997, the new 8-hour ozone standard replaced the previous 1-hour primary ozone standard. EPA set the new standard at 0.08 parts per million (ppm) and defined it as a concentration-based form that averages the annual fourth highest daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations over three years (1). For control ... | 0 |
47,928 | Direct measurement of tropospheric ozone distributions from space | Munro, R; Siddans, R; Reburn, WJ; Kerridge, BJ | 1,998 | The role of ozone in absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation is well known. Ozone also makes a significant contribution to the radiative balance of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, such that changes in the distribution of ozone in these atmospheric regions will affect the radiative forcing of climate,. Furth... | 0 |
29,214 | Responses of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L cv Pros) to chronic ozone exposure at two levels of atmospheric ammonia | Tonneijck, AEG; Van Dijk, CJ | 1,998 | #Plants of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Pros) were exposed to a range of O3 concentrations up to 70 nl litre-1 for 9 h day-1 in the presence (45 nl litre-1) and absence (21 nl litre-1) of enhanced NH3 in 12 open-top chambers. Treatment effects on visible injury, growth and yield were assessed after 49 (intermediate har... | 0 |
81,471 | Tropospheric ozone production and transport in the springtime in east Asia | Carmichael, GR; Uno, I; Phadnis, MJ; Zhang, Y; Sunwoo, Y | 1,998 | Ozone transport and chemistry in the springtime in east Asia are studied by use of the STEM-IT (Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model) regional-scale transport/chemistry model. Three-dimensional simulations are performed for the period May 1-15, 1987. This was a period of strong downward transport of ozone in east Asia, asso... | 0 |
29,945 | Investigation and evaluation of the NOx/O3 photochemical steady state | Carpenter, LJ; Clemitshaw, KC; Burgess, RA; Penkett, SA; Cape, JN; Mcfadyen, GG | 1,998 | NERC TIGER (Terrestrial Initiative in global Environmental Research); LOIS (Land Ocean Interaction Study) Community Research Projects. | 0 |
11,280 | Ontario Medical Association position paper on health effects of ground-level ozone, acid aerosols and particulate matter | Boadway, BT; Macphail, J; Jacobson, C | 1,998 | This review of the evidence of the health effects of air pollutants focuses on research conducted in Ontario. Seven key Ontario studies are cited. These findings are highly significant for people living in the Great Lakes basin (and particularly the Windsor-Quebec corridor), where high levels of certain air pollutants ... | 0 |
52,987 | Effect of ozone exposure on seasonal gas exchange of five western conifers | Grulke, NE; Miller, PR; Leininger, TD | 1,998 | Five species of western conifers (Pinus ponderosa, Abies concolor, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies lasiocarpa, and Picea engelmannii) were exposed, in two standard open-top exposure chambers per treatment, to charcoal-filtered air and a simulated diurnal ozone exposure profile (120 d sum of 136 ppm-h) to test their relati... | 0 |
684,190 | Meta-analysis of multiple outcomes by regression with random effects | Berkey, CS; Hoaglin, DC; Antczak-Bouckoms, A; Mosteller, F; Colditz, GA | 1,998 | Earlier work showed how to perform fixed-effects meta-analysis of studies or trials when each provides results on more than one outcome per patient and these multiple outcomes are correlated. That fixed-effects generalized-least-squares approach analyzes the multiple outcomes jointly within a single model, and it can i... | 0 |
15,856 | Temporal and spatial distribitions of ozone in Atlanta: regulatory and epidemiologic implications | Mulholland, JA; Butler, AJ; Wilkinson, JG; Russell, AG | 1,998 | Electric Power Research Institute; National Science Foundation. Relationships between ambient levels of selected air pollutants and pediatric asthma exacerbation in Atlanta were studied retrospectively. As a part of this study, temporal and spatial distributions of ambient ozone concentrations in the 20-county Atlanta ... | 0 |
25,525 | Recognition of air pollution injury to vegetation: A pictorial atlas | null | 1,998 | null | 1 |
57,536 | Oral psoralen and ultraviolet-A light (PUVA) treatment of psoriasis and persistent risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer | Stern, RS; Liebman, EJ; Vakeva, L; the PUVA Follow-up Study | 1,998 | BACKGROUND/METHODS: The treatment of psoriasis with high-dose exposure to oral psoralen and ultraviolet-A light (i.e., PUVA) substantially increases the risk of cutaneous squamous cell cancer, but not of basal cell cancer, within a decade of beginning treatment. To assess the persistence of cancer risk among individual... | 0 |
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