REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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10,893 | Stomata and plant water relations: does air pollution create problems? | Mansfield, TA | 1,998 | Small changes in the gaseous composition of the atmosphere have many different impacts on terrestrial plants. Some of the most important involve changes in stomatal control of leaf conductance. Evolution has provided highly complex mechanisms by which stomata respond to a wide range of environmental factors to balance ... | 0 |
12,053 | A new coculture-system of bronchial epithelial and endothelial cells as a model for studying ozone effects on airway tissue | Mogel, M; Kruger, E; Krug, HF; Seidel, A | 1,998 | In order to study the inflammatory potential of ozone on the airway tissue, we developed an in vitro model system in which human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS 2B) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV304) were able to communicate with each other. The BEAS 2B cells were grown on filter supports which were i... | 0 |
56,358 | Ozone-induced oxidative burst in the ozone biomonitor plant, tobacco Bel W3 | Schraudner, M; Moeder, W; Wiese, C; Van Camp, W; Inze, D; Langebartels, C; Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,998 | Ethylene is known to influence plant defense responses including cell death in response to both biotic and abiotic stress factors. However, whether ethylene acts alone or in conjunction with other signaling pathways is not clearly understood. Ethylene overproducer mutants, eto1 and eto3, produced high levels of ethylen... | 1 |
37,905 | Kinetics and thermochemistry of the reversible combination reaction of the phenoxy radical with NO | Berho, F; Caralp, F; Rayez, MT; Lesclaux, R; Ratajczak, E | 1,998 | The kinetics of the association reaction of the phenoxy radical with NO were investigated using a flash photolysis technique coupled to UV absorption spectrometry. This yielded k(C6H5O + NO) = (1.65 +/-0.10) x 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, with no significant temperature effect over the temperature range 280-328 K. Experim... | 0 |
766,337 | The atmospheric budget of oxidized nitrogen and its role in ozone formation and deposition | Fowler, D; Flechard, C; Skiba, U; Coyle, M; Cape, JN | 1,998 | Emissions of reactive oxidized nitrogen (NO and NO(2)), collectively known as NO(x), from human activities are c. 21 Tg N annually, or 70 % of global total emissions. They occur predominantly in industrialized regions, largely from fossil fuel combustion, but also from increased use of N fertilizers. Soil emissions of ... | 0 |
2,504 | Concentrations and decay rates of ozone in indoor air in dependence on building and surface materials | Moriske, HJ; Ebert, G; Konieczny, L; Menk, G; Schondube, M | 1,998 | The decay of ozone in indoor air was measured in a closed chamber after contact with different building materials and residential surfaces. The tested materials were: vinyl wall paper, woodchip paper, plywood, latex paint, fitted carpet, and plaster. In the summer of 1996, the entry of ozone from ambient air into indoo... | 0 |
15,855 | Application of a three-layer photochemical box model in an Athens street canyon | Proyou, AG; Ziomas, IC; Stathopoulos, A | 1,998 | European Commission. The aim of this paper is to show that a photochemical box model could describe the air pollution diurnal profiles within a typical street canyon in the city of Athens. As sophisticated three-dimensional dispersion models are computationally expensive and they cannot serve to simulate pollution leve... | 0 |
19,561 | Indoor nitrogen dioxide in homes along trunk roads with heavy traffic | Shima, M; Adachi, M | 1,998 | OBJECTIVES: To assess the distribution of indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in homes located in differing environments, and to investigate the influence of factors such as automobile exhaust on the indoor environment. METHODS: The concentrations of indoor NO2 over 24 hours were measured in both the heating a... | 0 |
40,839 | Evaluation of a test method for measuring indoor air emissions from dry-process photocopiers | Leovic, K; Whitaker, D; Northeim, C; Sheldon, L | 1,998 | A large chamber test method for measuring indoor air emissions from office equipment was developed, evaluated, and revised based on the initial testing of four dry-process photocopiers. Because all chambers may not necessarily produce similar results (e.g., due to differences in sink effects, temperature and humidity c... | 0 |
37,913 | Gas-phase oxidation products of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls | Brubaker, WW, Jr; Hites, RA | 1,998 | Our laboratory recently measured the gas-phase reaction rate constants of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with the hydroxyl radical (OH) and concluded that OH reactions are the primary removal pathway of PCBs from the atmosphere. With the reaction system previously employed for kinetics, we have now investigated the p... | 0 |
966 | Particles do not increase vapor deposition in human airways | Wexler, AS; Sarangapani, R | 1,998 | Electric Power Research Institute. Highly water-soluble vapors deposit in the upper airways of the respiratory tract because they are rapidly absorbed by the mucus lining and therefore it has been thought that the pulmonary region is not exposed to these pollutants. Yet these vapors also dissolve in the liquid-water po... | 0 |
47,159 | Rural ozone across the eastern United States: analysis of CASTNet data, 1988-1995 | Baumgardner, RE; Edgerton, ES | 1,998 | null | 0 |
46,956 | Modelling exposure of the Dutch population to air pollution | Freijer, JI; Bloemen, HJT; de Loos, S; Marra, M; Rombout, PJA; Steentjes, GM; Van Veen, MP | 1,998 | The AirPEx (air pollution exposure) model is a mathematical model to estimate the inhalatory exposure of humans to air pollution. The model quantifies individual and population exposures using data from air quality time series and activity pattern surveys. This paper presents the basic exposure concepts of the model, i... | 0 |
30,123 | The effects of nutrient limitation on the response of Plantago major to ozone | Whitfield, CP; Davison, AW; Ashenden, TW | 1,998 | Most natural and semi-natural communities are limited by major nutrients such as nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), but most experiments on the effects of ozone on wild plants have used nutrient-rich composts or soil. In order to investigate interactions between ozone and low nutrient supply, two artificially selected lin... | 0 |
42,452 | Reactions of Norway spruce and beech trees to 2 years of ozone exposure and episodic drought | Dixon, M; Le Thiec, D; Garrec, JP | 1,998 | Nine-year-old Norway spruce from two clones and beech grown in open-top chambers were exposed to both drought and elevated (ambient +0.05 Al l(-1)) ozone. Beech was less damaged from the effects of ozone by drought. Compared to trees exposed to elevated ozone and well watered, beech trees grown under elevated ozone and... | 0 |
30,006 | Ozone exposure and nitrogen deposition lowers root biomass of ponderosa pine in the San Bernardino Mountains, California | Grulke, NE; Andersen, CP; Fenn, ME; Miller, PR | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of Agriculture. | 0 |
47,143 | Ozone and its precursors in the atmosphere of Mexico City | Riveros, HG; Arriaga, JL; Tejada, J; Julian-Sanchez, A; Riveros-Rosas, H | 1,998 | The relative apportionment of hydrocarbons (HCs) coming from mobile, fixed, and other sources (not correlated either to carbon monoxide [CO] or sul-fur dioxide [SO2 ] emissions as solvent evaporation and biogenic sources) is calculated as previously proposed by Riveros et al.1 through the linear approximation [HC]total... | 0 |
13,094 | Diode laser measurements of HF concentrations produced from heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 plus APP, and FM-200 plus APP | Skaggs, RR; Daniel, RG; Miziolek, AW; Mcnesby, KL; Herud, C; Bolt, WR; Horton, D | 1,998 | Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is used to measure the time evolution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) concentrations produced from a series of enclosed heptane/air pan fires extinguished by FE-36, FM-200, FE-36 plus ammonium polyphosphate (APP), or FM-200 plus APP. For the fires studied, the change in HF ... | 0 |
54,216 | Development of an in vitro system for studying effects of native and photochemically transformed gaseous compounds using an air/liquid culture technique | Knebel, JW; Ritter, D; Aufderheide, M | 1,998 | An experimental in vitro model was established to study the effects of environmentally relevant gaseous compounds on lung cells. The technical unit consists of a gas reaction chamber (2400 l) with a sun-simulator to produce and photochemically transform gaseous mixtures and compounds at the upper limit of environmental... | 0 |
79,873 | Measurements of peroxides and related species during the 1995 summer intensive of the Southern Oxidants Study in Nashville, Tennessee | Weinstein-Lloyd, JB; Lee, JH; Daum, PH; Nunnermacker, LJ; Springston, SR; Newman, L | 1,998 | Hydroperoxide measurements are presented for 12 flights of the U.S. Department of Energy G-1 aircraft during the summer 1995 intensive of the Southern Oxidants/Middle Tennessee study. A three-channel analyzer, utilizing both peroxidase/p-hydroxy phenylacetic acid (pOHPAA) and ferrous sulfate/benzoic acid (FeBA) reagent... | 0 |
49,705 | Large-scale nitrogen oxide plumes in the tropopause region and implications for ozone | Brunner, D; Staehelin, J; Jeker, D | 1,998 | Continuous measurements of nitrogen oxide and ozone were performed from a commercial airliner during 1 year at cruising altitudes below and above the tropopause. The upper tropospheric nitrogen oxides distribution was found to be strongly influenced by large-scale plumes extending about 100 to 1300 kilometers along the... | 0 |
53,486 | Aerosol pH in the marine boundary layer: A review and model evaluation | Keene, WC; Sander, R; Pszenny, AAP; Vogt, R; Crutzen, PJ; Galloway, JN | 1,998 | Abstract Impacts of sea-salt-aerosol pH on oxidation processes, sulfur cycling, and surface-ocean fertilization are uncertain; estimates vary from pH <1 to >9 and the pH-dependence of some transformations is poorly characterized. We modeled these processes under clean and polluted conditions. At pH 8, S(iv) + O3 in se... | 0 |
85,099 | Who will be protected by EPA's new ozone and particulate matter standards? | Liu, F | 1,998 | null | 0 |
726 | Endotoxin potentiates ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia in rat nasal epithelium | Fanucchi, MV; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 1,998 | National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute.People are exposed to a combination of environmental pollutants throughout their lives. Repeated exposures of one common pollutant, ozone, have been reported to cause the development of mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) of rats. The present study ... | 0 |
42,325 | Responsiveness to Mannitol in asthmatic subjects with exercise- and hyperventiliation-induced asthma | Brannan, JD; Koskela, H; Anderson, SD; Chew, N | 1,998 | We investigated airway responsiveness to mannitol, a new hyperosmolar challenge, in persons hyperresponsive to airway drying. We studied 36 asthmatic subjects, 18 to 40 yr of age, responsive to exercise (n = 23) and eucapnic hyperventilation (n = 28) defined by a 10% fall in FEV1. Fifteen subjects performed both challe... | 0 |
13,262 | Experimental studies on immunosuppression: How do they predict for man? | Vos, JG; Van Loveren, H | 1,998 | The ultimate goal of any animal model in immunotoxicity testing is that it be a sensitive predictor of xenobiotic-induced immune dysfunction in humans. Such models should be capable of identifying the target(s) within the immune system affected by the xenobiotic. In particular the tier testing models have been successf... | 0 |
54,528 | Effect of air pollutants on the pulmonary surfactant system | Mueller, B; Seifart, C; Barth, PJ | 1,998 | #Air pollutants have been recognized to influence the structure and function of the surfactant system. Agents that have received the most attention include ozone, nitrogen dioxide, hyperoxia, diesel exhaust, tobacco smoke, silica and fibrous materials such as asbestos. The deleterious effects of air pollutants on the s... | 0 |
20,376 | Export of reactive nitrogen from North America during summertime: sensitivity to hydrocarbon chemistry | Horowitz, LW; Liang, J; Gardner, GM; Jacob, DJ | 1,998 | The global influence on tropospheric chemistry of nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) emitted by fossil fuel combustion may be strongly modulated by nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) chemistry taking place in the continental boundary layer. This effect is investigated using a three-dimensional, continental-scale model of troposph... | 0 |
52,835 | Superoxide dismutase in Arabidopsis: an eclectic enzyme family with disparate regulation and protein localization | Kliebenstein, DJ; Monde, RA; Last, RL | 1,998 | A number of environmental stresses can lead to enhanced production of superoxide within plant tissues, and plants are believed to rely on the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) to detoxify this reactive oxygen species. We have identified seven cDNAs and genes for SOD in Arabidopsis. These consist of three CuZnSODs (CSD1... | 0 |
40,880 | Evaluation of low-emitting products for use in the indoor environment | Leovic, KW; Whitaker, D; Brockmann, C; Bayer, CW; Sojka, PE | 1,998 | The paper gives an overview of recently completed research on the application of pollution prevention techniques to reduce indoor air emissions from aerosol consumer products: (1) measurement methods were developed that can be used by manufacturers to better understand aerosol behavior so that more efficacious and less... | 0 |
40,297 | Relationships of ozone exposure to pine injury in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California, USA | Arbaugh, MJ; Miller, PR; Carroll, JJ; Takemoto, BL; Proctor, T | 1,998 | Hourly ambient ozone exposure data and crown injury measurements were gathered in the Sierra Nevada and San Bernardino Mountains of California to develop relationships between the Ozone Injury Index (OII), the Forest Pest Management Index (FPM), chlorotic mottle, fascicle retention (OII index components) and cumulative... | 1 |
86,168 | Effects of low-level ozone exposure on reactivity and conductance in guinea pig airways | Johnson, A; Lewis, CA; Broadley, KJ | 1,998 | Previous studies have shown airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs induced by ozone concentrations from 1 to 4 ppm for periods of up to 4 h. Ambient ozone levels only rarely exceed 0.2 ppm in megacities such as Mexico City and normally lie below 0.1 ppm. Here we investigate the effects of an ozone concentration of betwe... | 0 |
53,433 | An ozone climatology based on ozonesonde and satellite measurements | Fortuin, JPF; Kelder, H | 1,998 | An ozone climatology is presented, based entirely on ozone observations over the target period 1980-1991. The climatology gives zonal mean ozone values, as well as the corresponding interannual standard deviation, for 17 zonal bands (80?S-80?N) at 19 pressure levels (1000-0.3 hPa), for each month of the year. It is int... | 0 |
52,853 | Ozone sensitivity in Triticum durum and T aestivum with respect to leaf injury, photosynthetic activity and free radical content | Reichenauer, TG; Goodman, BA; Kostecki, P; Soja, G | 1,998 | Sensitivity to ozone is highly variable in cultivars of different wheat species, leading to differences in leaf injury and yield. Not much is known about the physiological background of these differences. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ozone on photosynthetic parameters in Triticurn aestivuin... | 0 |
7,607 | Ecological effects of tropospheric ozone: a US perspective - past, present and future | Hogsett, WE; Andersen, CP | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR. | 0 |
927 | Effect of environmental air pollutants on wheezing airways respiratory infections in emergency room | Orazzo, F; Saulino, A; Rizzo, M; Paternoster, M; Guidetti, G | 1,998 | The authors plan to observe the effects of pollution TSP, Total Suspended Particulate, N02, bioxide of nitrogen and ozone on the paediatric admittances under two years of age who are suffering from wheezing and bronchiolitis between January '96 to March '97. The city have been divided by the authors into three main dis... | 0 |
13,266 | The role of prostanoids in ozone-induced changes in airway responsiveness: receptor activation-specific prostanoid release | Van Hoof, HJM; Zijlstra, FJ; Voss, HP; Tak, CJAM; Van Bree, L; Bast, A | 1,998 | #We studied the effect of in vivo ozone exposure (3 ppm, 2 h on methacholine- and histamine-induced guinea pig tracheal smooth musclecontractions in vitro and the role of cyclooxygenase products in this process. After exposure to ozone, methacholine stimulation showed a functional hyperreactivity, whereas after stimula... | 0 |
11,987 | A novel method for studying population health impacts of spatiotemporal ozone distribution | Christakos, G; Vyas, VM | 1,998 | This work is concerned with the development of a method to study the impact of ozone exposure on human health. The analysis is based on random field representations of exposure variation and health damage uncertainty in a composite space/time continuum, which previous studies did not allow. Ozone exposure-health damage... | 1 |
35,208 | Ocular oxidants and antioxidant protection | Rose, RC; Richer, SP; Bode, AM | 1,998 | #Oxidative damage and antioxidant protection in ocular tissues has not been reviewed recently. Metabolism in the eye is of increasing interest because the organ is highly susceptible to damage by sunlight, oxygen, various chemicals, and pollutants. Interest is expected to increase because of an aging Western world popu... | 0 |
91,509 | Commercial forestry benefits of alternative emission controls for the NOx SIP Call | Bentley, J; Horst, R | 1,998 | Elevated concentrations of ozone are believed to adversely affect the mortality, growth and leaf area of a variety of tree species found in the United States (e.g., Mann, et al. (1980) and Peterson and Arbaugh (1988)). Thus, a policy to reduce ozone concentrations may lead to an improvement in society's economic welfar... | 0 |
2,954 | Changes in biologically active ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth's surface | Madronich, S; Mckenzie, RL; Bjorn, LO; Caldwell, MM | 1,998 | Stratospheric ozone levels are near their lowest point since measurements began, so current ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation levels are thought to be close to their maximum. Total stratospheric content of ozone-depleting substances is expected to reach a maximum before the year 2000. All other things being equal, the cur... | 0 |
29,916 | Ambient concentrations, sources, emission rates, and photochemical reactivity of C2--C10 hydrocarbons in Porto Alegre, Brazil | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D; Rasmussen, RA | 1,998 | Petroleo Brasileiro S. A. (Petrobras). #The combination of vehicle fuels used in Porto Alegre, Brazil, is unique in the world (17%, 9%, and 74% of the vehicles run on ethanol, diesel, and a mixture of 85% gasoline and 15% MTBE, respectively). As a result, air pollution control strategies for Porto Alegre, where vehicle... | 0 |
38,012 | Atmospheric chemistry of the phenoxy radical, C6H5O(): UV spectrum and kinetics of its reaction with NO, NO2, and O2 | Platz, J; Nielsen, OJ; Wallington, TJ; Ball, JC; Hurley, MD; Straccia, AM; Schneider, WF; Sehested, J | 1,998 | Pulse radiolysis and FT-IR smog chamber experiments were used to investigate the atmospheric fate of C6H5O(.) radicals. Pulse radiolysis experiments gave (C6H5O(.))235 nm = (3.82 ? 0.48) I 10-17 cm2 molecule-1, k(C6H5O(.) + NO) = (1.88 ? 0.16) I 10-12, and k(C6H5O(.) + NO2) = (2.08 ? 0.15) I 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at... | 0 |
30,010 | Volatile organic compounds in Lake Tahoe, Nevada and California, July-September 1997 | Boughton, CJ; Lico, MS | 1,998 | Lake waters within Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada, were sampled for VOCs during the summer of 1997. Methyl tertbutyl ether was detected in all samples in concentrations of 0.18-4.2 mu g/l and to depths of 30 m. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, tert-amyl methyl ether, and xylene were measured in the range from n... | 0 |
29,915 | Long-term particulate and other air pollutants and lung function in nonsmokers | Abbey, DE; Burchette, RJ; Knutsen, SF; Mcdonnell, WF; Lebowitz, MD; Enright, PL | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; California Air Resources Board. #The associations between lung function measures (spirometry and peak expiratory flow lability) and estimated 20-yr ambient concentrations of respirable particles, suspended sulfates, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and indoor particles were studied in a samp... | 0 |
1,200 | Health risks | Longstreth, J; de Gruijl, FR; Kripke, ML; Abseck, S; Arnold, F; Slaper, HI; Velders, G; Takizawa, Y; van der Leun, JC | 1,998 | The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be those due to increased ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation in the environment, i.e., increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin. Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of alternatives to the ozone-depleting substanc... | 0 |
55,138 | Changes in tropospheric composition and air quality | Tang, X; Madronich, S; Wallington, T; Calamari, D | 1,998 | Reductions in stratospheric ozone (O3) cause increased penetration of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to the troposphere, and therefore increases in the chemical activity in the lower atmosphere (the troposphere). Tropospheric ozone levels are sensitive to local concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons. ... | 0 |
11,403 | The effects of smog on the health of Canadians | Labelle, C | 1,998 | null | 0 |
93,687 | Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: A review | Chappelka, AH; Samuelson, LJ | 1,998 | Tropospheric ozone can affect crop yield and has been reported to cause reductions in growth and biomass of forest tree species in laboratory and glasshouse studies. However, linkages between growth and ambient ozone concentrations in the field are not well established for forest trees. Ambient ozone concentrations hav... | 1 |
2,374 | Fine particulate N-nitroso and nitrite organic compounds in the atmosphere | Ding, Y; Cui, W; Lee, ML; Eatough, DJ | 1,998 | Mountain States Analytical, Salt Lake City, Utah.Photochemistry between gas phase organic compounds, oxides of nitrogen, and ozone is expected to result in the formation of nitrogen-containing compounds of potential toxicological importance. Classes of compounds which may form include nitro-, N-nitroso-, nitrate-,and n... | 0 |
7,263 | Adverse effect of air pollution on respiratory health of primary school children in Taiwan | Chen, PC; Lai, YM; Wang, JD; Yang, CY; Hwang, JS; Kuo, HW; Huang, SL; Chan, CC | 1,998 | National Science Council, The Executive Yuan, Taiwan. #This study is a part of the Study On Air Pollution and Health In Taiwan (SOAP&HIT), an ongoing research project involving cooperation of several universities in Taiwan. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory... | 0 |
36,364 | Physiological, stomatal and ultrastructural ozone responses in birch (Betula pendula Roth) are modified by water stress | Paakkonen, E; Vahala, J; Pohjola, M; Holopainen, T; Karenlampi, L | 1,998 | The physiological, stomatal and ultrastructural responses to ozone and drought of ozone-sensitive and more ozone-tolerant birch (Betula pendula) clones were studied singly and in combination, in a high-stress chamber experiment and in a low-stress open-field experiment. In the chamber experiment, well watered (WW), mod... | 0 |
12,016 | Ozone et systme immunitaire [Ozone and the immune system] | Lacroix, G; Lambre, C | 1,998 | This review focuses on the effect on health of changes in the immune system secondary to ozone exposure and on various mechanistic hypotheses put forward. Beyond the problems related to the variability of study criteria (e.g. age, sex, concentration and duration of different types of exposure, the slightly volatile nat... | 0 |
29,914 | Molecular markers of acute upper airway inflammation in workers exposed to fuel-oil ash | Woodin, MA; Hauser, R; Liu, Y; Smith, TJ; Siegel, PD; Lewis, DM; Tollerud, DJ; Christiani, DC | 1,998 | Biomarkers in nasal lavage (NL) fluid may be useful in determining the presence and severity of upper airway inflammation. We studied 18 boilermakers overhauling a large, oil-fired boiler and 11 utility workers who served as controls for 6 wk. NL was performed before (NL1), during (NL2), and after (NL3) the overhaul. W... | 0 |
29,505 | The effect of the urban ambient air pollution mix on daily mortality rates in 11 Canadian cities | Burnett, RT; Cakmak, S; Brook, JR | 1,998 | OBJECTIVE: Determine the risk of premature mortality due to the urban ambient air pollution mix in Canada. METHODS: The number of daily deaths for non-accidental causes were obtained in 11 cities from 1980 to 1991 and linked to concentrations of ambient gaseous air pollutants using relative risk regression models for l... | 0 |
15,428 | The use of a neural network for studying the relationship between air pollution and asthma-related emergency room visits | Nutman, A; Solomon, Y; Mendel, S; Nutman, J; Hines, E; Topilsky, M; Kivity, S | 1,998 | To establish the relationship between air pollution levels and bronchial asthma-associated emergency room (ER) visits, we adapted artificial network technology to conduct this study which focused on three different pollutants, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and ozone. The study population was comprised of adults prese... | 0 |
86,756 | Antioxidant supplementation and respiratory functions among workers exposed to high levels of ozone | Romieu, I; Meneses, F; Ramirez, M; Ruiz, S; Padilla, RP; Sienra, JJ; Gerber, M; Grievink, L; Dekker, R; Walda, I; Brunekreef, B | 1,998 | Mexico Secretary of Health; French Ministry of Environment; University of Wageningen, The Netherlands; Dutch Asthma Fund; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Pan American Health Organization.#Ozone exposure has been related to adverse respiratory effects, in particular to lung function decrements. Antioxid... | 1 |
52,206 | C1-C15 alkyl nitrates, benzyl nitrate, and bifunctional nitrates: Measurements in California and South Atlantic air and global comparison using C2Cl4 and CHBr3 as marker molecules | Schneider, M; Luxenhofer, O; Deissler, A; Ballschmiter, K | 1,998 | #Measurements of C1-C15 alkyl nitrates, perchloroethylene, and bromoform at two different sampling sites near Santa Cruz, CA, were conducted in 1995. The halocarbons were used as marker molecules to differentiate the air parcels collected into marine and continental groups. The average concentration of SIGMAn/i-C3-C12 ... | 0 |
46,955 | Spatiotemporal environmental health modelling: A tractatus stochasticus | Christakos, G; Hristopulos, DT | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,749 | Distinct inflammatory responses of adherent vascular lung neutrophils to pulmonary irritants | Lavnikova, N; Prokhorova, S; Lakhotia, AV; Gordon, R; Laskin, DL | 1,998 | The nature and the extent of the damage that occurs in the lung following exposure to pulmonary irritants vary with the pathogenic agent. In the present studies we determined if this was due to unique functional responses of adherent vascular neutrophils to different irritants. Because of their location within the lung... | 0 |
86,762 | A reanalysis of the ozone/asthma relationship [letter] | Wolff, GT | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
13,106 | Environment pollution and asthma | Rusznak, C; Devalia, JL; Lozewicz, S; Davies, RJ | 1,998 | Episodes of severe air pollution, particularly by acid aerosols and sulphur dioxide(SO2) resulting from excessive burning of coal, frequently resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality from respiratory disease during the first few decades of this century 11-31. Although this form of air pollution has gradually dec... | 0 |
49,666 | Eight-hour ozone trends at sites in Lake Michigan ozone nonattainment areas | Smith, BE; Adamski, WJ | 1,998 | null | 0 |
87,141 | Inflammatory cells and ferruginous bodies in bronchoalveolar lavage in urban dogs | Vanda, B; de Buen, N; Jasso, R; Valero, G; Vargas, MH; Olmos, R; Arreola, JL; Santillan, P; Alonso, P | 1,998 | Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; Mexican Institute of Respiratory Diseases. #Objective: To investigate whether high levels of atmospheric pollution modify the inflammatory cell count of the canine lung and to detect the presence of ferruginous bodies (FB) in the respiratory system. Study Design: Bronchoalveola... | 0 |
47,101 | Ambient levels of gas phase pollutants in Porto Alegre, Brazil | Grosjean, E; Rasmussen, RA; Grosjean, D | 1,998 | Air samples have been collected using electropolished canisters in downtown Porto Alegre, Brazil, where ethanol is used as a vehicle fuel and methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is used as a vehicle fuel additive. The 150 volatile organic compounds (VOC) identified by GC-FID and GC-MS included 46 alkanes, 30 alkenes, 22 aro... | 0 |
41,778 | The effects of acid precipitation and ozone on the ectomycorrhizae of red spruce saplings | Roth, DR; Fahey, TJ | 1,998 | The effects of acid precipitation and ozone on the composition of the ectomycorrhizal community of red spruce saplings were evaluated. In 1986, saplings were excavated from a site in Maine that had been clear-cut in 1979. Saplings were then potted in native soil and transported to Ithaca, New York. With the exception o... | 0 |
47,117 | Mortality risks of air pollution: the role of exposure-response functions | Rabl, A | 1,998 | A costubenefit analysis of air pollution control presupposes a policy decision about what is to be valued: number of premature deaths or years of life lost (YOLL)? The difference is more than an order of magnitude. We argue for a YOLL valuation on the grounds of economic rationality. For the implementation there is a d... | 0 |
87,648 | Topographic patterns of above and below ground production and nitrogen cycling in Alpine tundra | Fisk, MC; Schmidt, SK; Seastedt, TR | 1,998 | Topography controls snowpack accumulation and hence growing-season length, soil water availability, and the distribution of plant communities in the Colorado Front Range alpine. Nutrient cycles in such an environment are likely to be regulated by interactions between topographically determined climate and plant species... | 0 |
51,302 | Condensed-phase products in heterogeneous reactions: N2O5, ClONO2, and HNO3 reacting on ice films at 185 K | Zondlo, MA; Barone, SB; Tolbert, MA | 1,998 | Heterogeneous reactions are important in a wide variety of chemical processes. In many cases reactions on a surface will change both the physical and chemical characteristics of the surface, which in turn will change the surface reactivity toward further gas/surface collisions. As a case study of relevance to the atmos... | 0 |
35,135 | The role of introduced predators and competitors in the decline of kaka (Nestor meridionalis) populations in New Zealand | Wilson, PR; Karl, BJ; Toft, RJ; Beggs, JR; Taylor, RH | 1,998 | #We investigated the role of introduced predators and competitors in the population decline of kaka, Nestor meridionalis, a previously abundant forest parrot endemic to New Zealand. We provided supplementary food to test if a shortage of high energy food was limiting breeding in kaka. However, because most nesting atte... | 0 |
37,317 | Adsorption and adsorbate interaction at soot particle surfaces | Chughtai, AR; Atteya, MMO; Kim, J; Konowalchuk, BK; Smith, DM | 1,998 | Previously reported research, demonstrating a role of adsorbed molecular oxygen in the reaction of ozone with soot particles and in their hydration, has been extended to explore the interaction between O2 and SO2, O3, H2O, NH3, NO2 and NO at the soot surface as well as the effect of these adsorbates on each other. Elec... | 0 |
22,418 | Positive feedbacks to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition in Rocky Mountain alpine tundra | Bowman, WD; Steltzer, H | 1,998 | Increasing deposition of anthropogenic N may detrimentally impact terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Research on the impacts of N deposition has focused primarily on regions with rates > 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1, yet lower rates may substantially impact ecosystems with lower biological capacity to sequester the additional in... | 0 |
86,496 | Acid fog and hospital visits for asthma: an epidemiological study | Tanaka, H; Honma, S; Nishi, M; Igarashi, T; Teramoto, S; Nishio, F; Abe, S | 1,998 | #The aim of this study was to elucidate the adverse respiratory effects of naturally occurring acid fog. In total, 102 adult asthmatic patients (44 nonatopic and 58 atopic) were studied for a 2 yr period (January 1992 to December 1993) in Kushiro, a city with only a small industrial area, located in the northern-most i... | 0 |
86,745 | Effects of 02 ppm ozone on biomarkers of inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial mucosa of healthy subjects | Krishna, MT; Madden, J; Teran, LM; Biscione, GL; Lau, LCK; Withers, NJ; Sandstrom, T; Mudway, I; Kelly, FJ; Walls, A; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST | 1,998 | Short-term exposure to ozone at peak ambient levels induces neutrophil influx and impairs lung function in healthy humans. In order to investigate the mechanisms contributing to neutrophil recruitment and to examine the role of T-cells in the acute inflammatory response, we exposed 12 healthy humans to 0.2 parts per mi... | 0 |
43,733 | A suggestion of a simple transfer function for the use of ozone monitoring data in dose-response relationships obtained using open-top chambers | Pleijel, H | 1,998 | A simple relationship for transforming ozone monitoring data from different measurement heights to the level relevant to response functions obtained using open-top chambers is suggested. The transfer function was tested using measurements at different heights above the ground (1.1, 2 and 10 m) over a field crop of o... | 0 |
7,046 | Nonlinear dynamics of hourly ozone concentrations: nonparametric short term prediction | Chen, JL; Islam, S; Biswas, P | 1,998 | null | 0 |
12,044 | Nitrogen response of herbs and graminoids in experiments with simulated acid soil solution | Falkengren-Grerup, U | 1,998 | Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. #Sand-solution experiments involving 15 herbs and 13 graminoids were performed to study how biomass was effected by N concentrations of 50, 250 and 1250 "mu"M, respectively, in a simulated acid forest soil solution. The co... | 0 |
3,797 | MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers 2 model results and evaluation | Hauglustaine, DA; Brasseur, GP; Walters, S; Rasch, PJ; Muller, JF; Emmons, LK; Carroll, MA | 1,998 | In this second of two companion papers, we present results from a new global three-dimensional chemical transport model, called MOZART (model for ozone and related chemical tracers). MOZART is developed in the framework of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM) and includes a ... | 0 |
13,264 | Role of tachykinins in airway responses to ozone in rats | Takebayashi, T; Abraham, J; Murthy, GGK; Lilly, C; Rodger, I; Shore, SA | 1,998 | Previous studies that used neonatal capsaicin (Cap) treatment to ablate C fibers indicate that C fibers act to inhibit lung damage and airway hyperresponsiveness after ozone (O 3) exposure in rats. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) the role of tachykinins in these protective effects and 2) whether differenc... | 0 |
21,324 | The resistance of the moss Polytrichum commune to acute exposure of simulated acid rain or ozone compared to two fern species: spore germination | Bosley, A; Peterson, R; Rebbeck, J | 1,998 | This study was done 1) to determine the usefulness of spore germination of selected non-seed plants as a bioassay for simulated acid rain (SAR) and O3 effects and 2) to compare the results of spore germination with seed plant pollen exposure studies. Three taxa of common and wide occurrence in eastern North America wer... | 0 |
86,098 | The spectrum of irritant-induced asthma: sudden and not-so-sudden onset and the role of allergy | Brooks, SM; Hammad, Y; Richards, I; Giovinco-Barbas, J; Jenkins, K | 1,998 | A retrospective investigation of 86 asthmatic subjects defined clinical features of irritant-induced asthma and assessed the contributory role of an allergic predisposition. Three categories of asthma were evaluated: (1) occupational asthma due to a sensitizer (11 subjects, 13%); (2) irritant-induced asthma (54 persons... | 0 |
47,206 | Nitric acid uptake and decomposition on black carbon (soot) surfaces: its implications for the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere | Choi, W; Leu, MT | 1,998 | SUMMARY The uptake and decomposition of HNO3 on black carbon (soot) surfaces were investigated in order to evaluate the proposal that HNO3 decomposition on aircraft-generated soot aerosols may alter the NOx/NOy partitioning in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The experimental measurements were performed... | 0 |
42,671 | The global nitrogen cycle: Changes and consequences | Galloway, JN | 1,998 | In the absence of human activities, biological N fixation is the primary source of reactive N, providing about 90-130 Tg N year-1 (Tg = 1012 g) on the continents. Human activities have resulted in the fixation of an additional ~ 150 Tg N year-1 by energy production, fertilizer production, and cultivation of crops (e.g.... | 0 |
36,349 | Genetic control of responses to interacting O3 and CO2 in Populus tremuloides | Karnosky, DF; Podila, GK; Gagnon, Z; Pechter, P; Akkapeddi, A; Coleman, M; Dickson, RE; Isebrands, JG | 1,998 | We exposed trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in tropospheric ozone (O3) tolerance in various open-top chamber studies for three growing seasons, and examined the effects of O3, CO2, and O3 + CO2 on growth and physiological processes. Ozone in the range of 80 ppm hr (Sum 00) per growing seaso... | 0 |
86,737 | Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma | Folkerts, G; Busse, WW; Nijkamp, FP; Sorkness, R; Gern, JE | 1,998 | null | 0 |
43,685 | Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: II Biomass and development | Miller, JE; Heagle, AS; Pursley, WA | 1,998 | #Previous research has shown that elevated CO2 concentrations can increase plant growth, whereas the air pollutant O3 is phytotoxic. Because elevated concentrations of these gases will co-occur, the objective of our experiment was to determine if estimates of plant growth response to future levels of CO2 and O3 require... | 0 |
81,861 | Procedures for calculating benchmark doses for health risk assessment | Gaylor, D; Ryan, L; Krewski, D; Zhu, Y | 1,998 | Safety assessment for noncancer health effects generally has been based upon dividing a no observed adverse effect (NOAEL) by uncertainty (safety) factors to provide an acceptable daily intake (ADI) or reference dose (RfD). Since the NOAEL does not utilize all of the available dose-response data, allows higher ADI from... | 0 |
35,256 | Interactive effects of ozone and low UV-B radiation on antioxidants in spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) | Baumbusch, LO; Eiblmeier, M; Schnitzler, JP; Heller, W; Sandermann, H, Jr; Polle, A | 1,998 | To study the role of low UV-B radiation in modulating the response of antioxidants to ozone, 4-year-old pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) seedlings potted in natural soil, were exposed in phytochambers to fluctuating ozone concentrations between 9 and 113 nl l(-1) according to field data recorded ... | 0 |
86,748 | Lung collagen types are altered in rats chronically exposed to ozone | Last, JA; Gould, R; Grimmer, K; Duff, Z; Vanhoozen, B | 1,998 | A new method has been developed for the quantitative determination of collagen types I and III in the lung, using CNBr digestion to solubilize peptides from these collagens, followed by quantification by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a polyclonal goat antibody against the alpha 1(I)-CB3 peptide. Co... | 0 |
34,629 | Estimating regional forest productivity and water yield using an ecosystem model linked to a GIS | Ollinger, SV; Aber, JD; Federer, CA | 1,998 | We used the PnET-II model of forest carbon and water balances to estimate regional forest productivity and runoff for the northeastern United States. The model was run at 30 arc-second resolution (approximately 1 km) in conjunction with a Geographic Information System that contained monthly climate data and a satellite... | 0 |
30,231 | Effects of elevated [CO2] and/or ozone on limitations to CO2 assimilation in soybean (Glycine max) | Reid, CD; Fiscus, EL | 1,998 | Soybean (Glycine max) was grown in open-top field chambers at ambient (360 Amol mol-1) or doubled [CO2] either in charcoal-filtered air (20 nmol mol-1 [O3]) or in non-filtered air supplemented to 1.5 x ambient [O3] (70 nmol mol-1) to determine the major limitations to assimilation under conditions of elevated [CO2] and... | 0 |
57,764 | Estimates of radiative forcing due to modeled increases in tropospheric ozone | Haywood, JM; Schwarzkopf, MD; Ramaswamy, V | 1,998 | The GFDL R30 general circulation model (GCM) and a fixed dynamical heating model (FDHM) are used to assess the instantaneous and adjusted radiative forcing due to changes in tropospheric ozone caused by anthropogenic activity. Ozone perturbations from the GFDL global chemical transport model are alied to the GCM, and t... | 0 |
26,463 | Amelioration of ozone damage by elevated CO2 | Cardoso-Vilhena, J; Balaguer, L; Daymond, J; Barnes, JD | 1,998 | 1stPAR.As the levels of atmospheric 03 and CO2 are projected to increase into the next century, there is an urgent need to establish the way in which the impact of rising CO2 concentrations will be modified by elevated levels of photochemical oxidants, most importantly O3, and vice versa. Current ambient concentrations... | 0 |
84,610 | Urban air pollution and cardiopulmonary ill health: A 14.5 year time series study | Prescott, GJ; Cohen, GR; Elton, RA; Fowkes, FGR; Agius, RM | 1,998 | OBJECTIVES: To examine possible associations between daily concentrations of urban air pollutants and hospital emergency admissions and mortality due to cardiac and pulmonary disease.
METHODS: A time series study was conducted in the City of Edinburgh, which has a population of about 450,000. Poisson log linear regres... | 1 |
12,082 | Expression of the Bcl-2 protein in nasal epithelia of F344/N rats during mucous cell metaplasia and remodeling | Tesfaigzi, J; Hotchkiss, JA; Harkema, JR | 1,998 | Exposure to ozone induces mucous cell metaplasia in rat airway epithelia. During the regeneration process, apoptotic mechanisms may be responsible for eliminating metaplastic cells. Therefore, the present study investigated expression of Bcl-2, a regulator of apoptosis, in ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasias. Adjacen... | 0 |
7,571 | The submicron atmospheric aerosol as a carrier of reactive chemical species: case of peroxides | Friedlander, SK; Yeh, EK | 1,998 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The submicron atmospheric aerosol carries short-lived, reactive chemical species, including hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides, at concentrations as high as 1 mM in the associated water. This conclusion is based on equilibrium calculations and (limited) experimental data. Hydr... | 0 |
55,101 | Evidence for the seasonal variation of photochemical activity of tropospheric ozone: continuous observation of ozone and CO at Happo, Japan | Kajii, Y; Someno, K; Tanimoto, H; Hirokawa, J; Akimoto, H | 1,998 | Ground based measurements of ozone as well as carbon monoxide have been carried out at Happo station. Annual cycles of ozone and CO concentration were obtained. Monthly means of ozone show maximum of Ca. 65 ppbv in April or May and minimum of ca. 45 ppbv in December or January. The annual behaviour of CO is somewhat si... | 0 |
22,879 | Ecological risk of MTBE in surface waters | Johnson, ML | 1,998 | (Introduction) MTBE is rapidly becoming one of the most ubiquitous synthetic chemicals in our environment. Introduced as a gasoline additive to promote more complete combustion of hydrocarbons, it can be a major constituent of gasoline in locations that do not meet U.S. EPA ozone emission standards. Contamination of gr... | 0 |
26,967 | Influence of ammonia and ozone on growth and drought sensitivity of Pinus sylvestris | Dueck, TA; Zuin, A; Elderson, J | 1,998 | Dutch Priority Programme on Acidification; Commission of European Communities. | 0 |
12,083 | Effects of ozone on ovalbumin sensitization in guinea pigs | Tsai, JJ; Lin, YC; Kwan, ZH; Kao, HL | 1,998 | The effects of ozone on allergen sensitization is still controversial. This study is aimed to clarify the effect of ozone on airway hypersensitivity to ovalbumin (OVA) in guinea pigs, by exposing them to ozone (3 ppm 2 hours daily) and OVA (1 gm/dL 10 min weekly) for two weeks. OVA specific IgG and airway hypersensitiv... | 0 |
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