REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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2,094 | Speciated fine-particle (<25 "mu"m aerodynamic diameter) and vapor-phase acid concentrations in southern California | Taylor, CA, Jr; Stover, CA; Westerdahl, FD | 1,998 | California Air Resources Board. A fine-particle (<2.5 "mu"m aerodynamic diameter) and vapor-phase acid sampling network has been in operation among 12 communities in southern California since late 1993. The data from this network consists of concentrations of particulate matter <10 "mu"m in aerodynamic diameter (PM10),... | 0 |
16,913 | Lipid ozonation products activate phospholipases A2, C, and D | Kafoury, RM; Pryor, WA; Squadrito, GL; Salgo, MG; Zou, X; Friedman, M | 1,998 | Public Health Service; Tulane/Xavier Cernter for Bioenvironmental Research.Ozone exposure, in vitro, has been shown to activate phospholipases A2 (PLA2), C (PLC), and D (PLD) in airway epithelial cells. However, because of its high reactivity, ozone cannot penetrate far into the airl lung tissue interface. It has been ... | 1 |
49,834 | Evaluation of indoor ozone concentration and predictors of indoor-outdoor ratio in Mexico City | Romieu, I; Lugo, MC; Colome, S; Garcia, AM; Avila, MH; Geyh, A; Velasco, SR; Rendon, EP | 1,998 | Mexican Health Ministry; National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. As part of a study on the potential adverse health effects of ozone exposure on the respiratory health of young children residing in Mexico City, we used passive ozone monitoring devices to dete... | 1 |
47,336 | Energetics of mechanism of OH-propene reaction at low pressures in inert atmosphere | Alvarez-Idaboy, JR; Diaz-Acosta, I; Vivier-Bunge, A | 1,998 | MP2 calculations with full geometry optimizations were performed with a double- and a triple-zeta basis set to obtain the energy profile for reactions of propene+OH and ethene+OH at low pressures. In these conditions, the -hydroxyalkyl radicals formed after OH addition to the alkene double bond may go through a rearran... | 0 |
1,544 | Kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic destruction of methyl tert-butyl ether by ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of ozone | Kang, JW; Hoffmann, MR | 1,998 | The kinetics and mechanism of the sonolytic degradation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) have been investigated at an ultrasonic frequency of 205 kHz and power of 200 W L-1. The observed first order degradation rate constant for the loss of MTBE increased from 4.1 x 10-4 s-1 to 8.5 x 10-4 s-1 as the concentration of M... | 0 |
86,212 | Ozone alters the expression of tenascin-C in cultured primate nasal epithelial cells | Potter-Perigo, S; Kaplan, ED; Luchtel, DL; Baker, C; Altman, LC; Wight, TN | 1,998 | Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix component which is transiently expressed in association with epithelial cell detachment, proliferation, and migration. This molecule has been identified in respiratory tissue, but little is known about the cellular source of tenascin-C or the factors that regulate its production. S... | 0 |
48,308 | Measurements of reactive nitrogen and ozone to 5-km altitude in June 1990 over the southeastern United States | Ridley, BA; Walega, JG; Lamarque, JF; Grahek, FE; Trainer, M; Hubler, G; Lin, X; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,998 | Aircraft flights made in June 1990 substantiate the expected variability of ozone and reactive nitrogen constituents in the lower atmosphere over Mississippi and Alabama due to the variety and proximity of sources and the photochemical production and loss of ozone. Urban, biomass burn, electrical power plant, and paper... | 0 |
57,499 | Canadian National Survey on Sun Exposure & Protective Behaviours: parent's reports on children | Lovato, CY; Shoveller, JA; Peters, L; Rivers, JK | 1,998 | null | 0 |
86,468 | Associations between lung function and estimated average exposure to NO2 in eight areas of Switzerland | Schindler, C; Ackermann-Liebrich, U; Leuenberger, P; Monn, C; Rapp, R; Bolognini, G; Bongard, JP; Brandli, O; Domenighetti, G; Karrer, W; Keller, R; Medici, TG; Perruchoud, AP; Schoni, MH; Tschopp, JM; Villiger, B; Zellweger, JP; SAPALDIA Team | 1,998 | Swiss National Science Foundation; Federal Office of Education and Science; Federal Office for Environmental Protection, Forest and Land; Swiss Society of Pulmonology; Lega Ticinese contro la tubercolosi e le malattie polmonari. #In this paper, we present results from the SAPALDIA study (Swiss Study on Air Pollution an... | 0 |
2,933 | Investigating biological response in the UVB as a function of ozone variation using perturbation theory | Loughlin, PE; Box, MA | 1,998 | In order to determine a biological response to ultraviolet radiation, calculations of biologically weighted dose rates are required, which in turn involve the integral over wavelength of an action spectrum multiplied by appropriate surface flux data. To determine a biologically weighted dose rate accurately, a reasonab... | 0 |
13,201 | Outdoor air pollution and pollen-induced respiratory allergy | D'Amato, G | 1,998 | Evidence suggests that urbanization, with its high levels of vehicle emissions, and a westernized lifestyle are linked to the rising incidence of pollen-induced respiratory allergy seen in most industrialized countries. Moreover, the increase in respiratory allergy parallels an increase in outdoor and indoor air pollut... | 0 |
53,079 | Mature ponderosa pine nutrient use and allocation responses to air pollution | Poth, MA; Fenn, ME | 1,998 | Current-year needles from mature ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws.) were sampled at four sites across the air pollution gradient in the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California. The sites, in order of decreasing air pollution exposure, included. Sky Forest (SF), Conference Center (CC), Camp Angelu... | 0 |
88,941 | Acid deposition and its ecological effects: a brief history of research | Gorham, E | 1,998 | Research on acid deposition can be traced to the mid-19th century, but has expanded greatly in the last 50 yr, focussing in particular upon the eCects on ecosystems of acid deposition caused by the combustion of fossil fuels. Observational studies first associated such acidification with its chemical and biological eff... | 0 |
90,369 | Non-sea-salt-sulphate formation in sea-salt aerosol | Clegg, NA; Toumi, R | 1,998 | By comparing the observed non-sea-salt-sulphate: sodium (nss-SO-:Na+) ratios with model calculations the main sources of nss-SO- observed in sea-salt aerosol could be determined. As heterogeneous production appears to be responsible for at most half of the measured nss-SO-[Clegg and Toumi, 1997; Chameides and Stelson, ... | 0 |
15,779 | Comparison of ozone-induced effects on lung mechanics and hemodynamics in the rabbit | Delaunois, A; Segura, P; Montano, LM; Vargas, MH; Ansay, M; Gustin, P | 1,998 | National Funds for Scientific Research and the European Communities. The effects of rabbit exposure to ozone (O3) (0.4 ppm for 4 h) on pulmonary mechanical properties and hemodynamics have been investigated on the isolated perfused lung model. Tracheal pressure, airflow, and tidal volume were measured in order to calcu... | 1 |
48,333 | Primary product distribution from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with toluene at ppb NOx mixing ratios | Smith, DF; Mciver, CD; Kleindienst, TE | 1,998 | A study has been conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of toluene in the presence of sub part-per-million levels of NO sub(x) . The experiments were conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds while allowing a sufficient mass of products to be collected for a... | 0 |
79,860 | Ozone | Krupa, SV; Tonneijck, AEG; Manning, WJ | 1,998 | null | 0 |
15,513 | Chronic bronchitis, work related respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary function in welders in New Zealand | Bradshaw, LM; Fishwick, D; Slater, T; Pearce, N | 1,998 | Objectives-A cross sectional study of respiratory symptoms and lung function in welders was performed at eight New Zealand welding sites: 62 current welders and 75 non-welders participated. Methods-A questionnaire was administered to record demographic data, smoking habit, and current respiratory symptoms. Current and ... | 0 |
35,388 | Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective | Skarby, L; Ro-Poulsen, H; Wellburn, FAM; Sheppard, LJ | 1,998 | In comparison with the effects of extended drought periods or severe nutrient stress, those of ozone are generally much milder, at least with respect to growth. However, there is substantial evidence from experiments, in the main using young saplings, that O3 does impose a stress on forest trees under European conditio... | 0 |
54,028 | Urea in rainwater and atmospheric aerosols | Cornell, SE; Jickells, TD; Thornton, CA | 1,998 | The measurement of urea (CO(NH2)2) in rainwater samples from predominantly marine-influenced locations in Bermuda, and Ireland, and in rains and aqueous aerosol extracts from a rural site at UEA, Norwich indicates that urea is not generally a major contributor to atmospheric water-soluble organic nitrogen. At UEA, wher... | 0 |
41,455 | Emergency room visits of asthmatic children, relation to air pollution, weather, and airborne allergens | Garty, BZ; Kosman, E; Ganor, E; Berger, V; Garty, L; Wietzen, T; Waisman, Y; Mimouni, M; Waisel, Y | 1,998 | BACKGROUND: The worldwide increase in the incidence, prevalence, and severity of asthma may suggest that environmental factors play a role in these epidemiologic changes. OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlations between air pollutants, weather conditions, airborne allergens, and the incidence of emergency room (ER) visit... | 0 |
26,350 | Identifying factors which modify the effects of ambient ozone on white clover (Trifolium repens) in Europe | Ball, GR; Benton, J; Palmer-Brown, D; Fuhrer, J; Skarby, L; Gimeno, BS; Mills, G | 1,998 | This paper describes results of experiments carried out by participants of the UN/ECE ICP-Crops to investigate the dose response of plants to long-term ozone exposure. The data were analysed to determine the influences of climatic and geographical factors upon this dose response. Members of the ICP-Crops carried out ex... | 0 |
52,010 | The use of ozone and associated oxidation processes in drinking water treatment | Camel, V; Bermond, A | 1,998 | This paper summarizes the main applications of ozonation and associated oxidation processes in the treatment of natural waters (surface and ground waters) for drinking water production. In fact, oxidants may be added at
several points throughout the treatment: pre-oxidation, intermediate oxidation or final disinfection... | 0 |
47,976 | Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmosphric methane | Lelieveld, J; Crutzen, PJ; Dentener, FJ | 1,998 | ABSTRACT Previous studies on ice core analyses and recent in situ measurements have shown that CH4 has increased from about 0.75 to 1.73 mol/mol during the past 150 years. Here, we review sources and sink estimates and we present global 3D model calculations, showing that the main features of the global CH4 distribu... | 0 |
36,358 | Effects of low ozone exposure of spring wheat on net CO2 uptake, Rubisco, leaf senescence and grain filling | Ojanpera, K; Patsikka, E; Ylaranta, T | 1,998 | Effects of ozone on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Satu) were studied in an open-top chamber experiment during two growing seasons (1992-1993) at Jokioinen in south-west Finland. The wheat was exposed to filtered air (CF), non-filtered air (NF), non-filtered air+35 n1 1-1 ozone for 8 h d' (NP) and ambient air (... | 0 |
29,961 | Predisposition of trees to drought stress by ozone | Maier-Maercker, U | 1,998 | This paper reviews research on the effects of ozone on stomatal behavior, and draws attention to the direct link between stomatal function and air pollution. Contradictory results concerning the effects of air pollutants on stomatal activity are attributed to the use of univariate statistical treatments of data. Altern... | 1 |
53,021 | Growth stage dependence of the grain yield response to ozone in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Pleijel, H; Danielsson, H; Gelang, J; Sild, E; Sellden, G | 1,998 | Field grown spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was exposed to three different ozone treatments in open-top chambers: non-filtered air (NF), non-filtered air with the same ozone dose (2500 nl l-1 h above 40 nl l-1) during 38 days before anthesis (NF+pre), and during 26 days after onset of anthesis (NF+post). In additio... | 1 |
13,107 | Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs | Matsubara, S; Kikkawa, H; Kaminuma, O; Ikezawa, K | 1,998 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are known to cause a dry cough, while imidapril is less potent on the response (Takahama, K. et al., J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48, -1027-33 (1996)). In this study, we investigated the effects of imidapril, enalapril and captopril on ozone (03)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness... | 0 |
29,938 | Cardiovascular effects of ozone exposure in human volunteers | Gong, H, Jr; Wong, R; Sarma, RJ; Linn, WS; Sullivan, ED; Shamoo, DA; Anderson, KR; Prasad, SB | 1,998 | California Air Resources Board. #We hypothesized that ozone (O3) exposure acutely affects cardiovascular hemodynamics in humans and, in particular, in subjects with essential hypertension. We studied 10 nonmedicated hypertensive and six healthy male adults. Each subject, after catheterization of the right heart and a r... | 1 |
51,592 | Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: Predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies | Fenn, ME; Poth, MA; Aber, JD; Baron, JS; Bormann, BT; Johnson, DW; Lemly, AD; McNulty, SG; Ryan, DF; Stottlemyer, R | 1,998 | Most forests in North America remain nitrogen limited, although recent studies have identified forested areas that exhibit symptoms of N excess, analogous to overfertilization of arable land. Nitrogen excess in watersheds is detrimental because of disruptions in plant/soil nutrient relations, increased soil acidificati... | 0 |
12,424 | Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1998 assessment, Executive summary | null | 1,998 | Decreased quantities of total-column ozone are now observed over large parts of the globe, permitting increased penetration of solar UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) to the Earth?s surface. The present assessment deals with the possible consequences. The Atmospheric Science Panel predicts that the ozone layer will be in its... | 0 |
46,985 | Guideline on ozone monitoring site selection | null | 1,998 | N/A. | 0 |
11,835 | Susceptibilities of plasma antioxidants and erythrocyte constituents to low levels of ozone | Shinriki, N; Suzuki, T; Takama, K; Fukunaga, K; Ohgiya, S; Kubota, K; Miura, T | 1,998 | null | 0 |
84,985 | Observation and interpretation of the seasonal cycles in the surface concentrations of ozone and carbon monoxide at Mace Head, Ireland from 1990 to 1994 | Derwent, RG; Simmonds, PG; Seuring, S; Dimmer, C | 1,998 | Department of the Environment Global Atmosphere Division; Commission of the European Communities. | 0 |
35,310 | Biomass, reproductive output, and physiological responses of rapid-cycling Brassica (Brassica rapa) to ozone and modified root temperature | Kleier, C; Farnsworth, B; Winner, W | 1,998 | Brassica rapa L. (rapid-cycling Brassica), was grown in environmentally controlled chambers to determine the interactive effects of ozone (O3) and increased root temperature (RT) on biomass, reproductive output, and photosynthesis. Plants were grown with or without an average treatment of 63 ppb O3. RT treatments were ... | 0 |
86,738 | Estimation of the effect of increasing UVB exposure on the human immune system and related resistance to infectious diseases and tumours | Garssen, J; Norval, M; El-Ghorr, A; Gibbs, NK; Jones, CD; Cerimele, D; De Simone, C; Caffieri, S; Dall'Acqua, F; De Gruijl, FR; Sontag, Y; Van Loveren, H | 1,998 | Exposure to UV light has, besides some beneficial effects (vitamin D production), many harmful effects on human health. UVB irradiation has been shown to suppress both systemic and local immune responses to a variety of antigens, including some microorganisms. However, it is still not known whether such immunomodulatin... | 0 |
15,427 | Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on materials | Andrady, AL; Hamid, SH; Hu, X; Torikai, A | 1,998 | Synthetic polymers such as plastics, as well as naturally occurring polymer materials such as wood, are extensively used in building construction and other outdoor applications where they are routinely exposed to sunlight. The UV-B content in sunlight is well known to affect adversely the mechanical properties of these... | 0 |
30,136 | Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on the rate and duration of grain growth and harvest index in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) | Mulholland, BJ; Craigon, J; Black, CR; Colls, JJ; Atherton, J; Landon, G | 1,998 | #Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Minaret was grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) in 1995 and 1996 under three carbon dioxide (CO2) and two ozone (O3) levels. Plants were harvested regularly between anthesis and maturity to examine the rate of grain growth (dG/dt; mg d1) and the rate of increase in harvest index (dHI/dt;... | 0 |
10,226 | Impacts of tropospheric ozone and airborne nitrogenous pollutants on natural and semi-natural ecosystems: a commentary | Bobbink, R | 1,998 | Man's activities pose a number of threats to the functioning, structure and diversity of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. One of the main threats is the increase in concentrations in air pollutants in this century (Wellburn, 1988; Tamm, 1991). This paper is a commentary on the effects of tropospheric ozone (O3) and... | 0 |
41,699 | Biodiversity in soil ecosystems: the role of energy flow and community stability | De Ruiter, PC; Neutel, AM; Moore, JC | 1,998 | In a series of community food webs from native and agricultural soils, we modeled energetics and stability, and evaluated the role of the various groups of organisms and their interactions in energy flow and community stability. Species were aggregated into functional groups based on their trophic position in the food ... | 0 |
81,410 | Excess mortality in England and Wales, and in greater London, during the 1995 heatwave | Rooney, C; Mcmichael, AJ; Kovats, RS; Coleman, MP | 1,998 | STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact on mortality of the heatwave in England and Wales during July and August 1995 and to describe any difference in mortality impact between the Greater London urban population and the national population. DESIGN: Analysis of variation in daily mortality in England and Wales and in Gre... | 0 |
40,884 | Indoor ozone/terpene reactions as a source of indoor particles | Weschler, CJ; Shields, HC | 1,998 | null | 0 |
36,323 | The impact of ozone on seed yield and quality and seedling vigour in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) | Bosac, C; Black, VJ; Roberts, JA; Black, CR | 1,998 | The effects of a single 6-h exposure of the inflorescences of Brassica napus cvs. Libravo and Tapidor to100 nLL(-1) ozone on seed yield, yield parameters, seed quality and seedling vigour were examined using purpose-designed chambers that enabled the inflorescences to be exposed separately from the vegetative organs. E... | 0 |
51,245 | Toxicological mechanisms underlying oxidant pollutant-induced airway injury | Krishna, MT; Chauhan, AJ; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST | 1,998 | The health effect of atmospheric pollution is causing increasing public concern. Several controlled human-exposure studies have dearly shown that oxidant pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust, induce an acute inflammatory response in human airways. The main component of this response involve... | 0 |
15,013 | Effects of low concentration ozone on the respiratory system of mice | Li, D; Yu, G; Song, H; Lian, X | 1,998 | Effects of low concentration of O3 on the respiratory system in mice were studied in the present study. Mice were exposed to 0.1, 0.25 and 1.0 mg/m3 of O3, respectively for 8h per day for 3 days. Cilia in brochia, lipid peroxide (LPO) in lung tissue and phagocytic function of macrophage in mice were examined. The resul... | 0 |
32,369 | Forest fire enhanced photochemical air pollution A case study | Cheng, L; Mcdonald, KM; Angle, RP; Sandhu, HS | 1,998 | A large forest fire occurred about 300 km to the northeast of the Edmonton area in early summer 1995. The forest fire produced nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and ozone which were transported downwind. Continuous monitoring of O-3, NO and NO2 and integrated measurements of volatile organic compounds, together with air tr... | 0 |
37,999 | Atmospheric oxidation of toluene in a large-volume outdoor photoreactor: in situ determination of ring-retaining product yields | Klotz, B; Sorensen, S; Barnes, I; Becker, KH; Etzkorn, T; Volkamer, R; Platt, U; Wirtz, K; Martin-Reviejo, M | 1,998 | Experiments on the photooxidation of toluene/NOx/air mixtures were performed in the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE), a large-scale outdoor reaction chamber located in Valencia/Spain. The objective of the study was the in situ determination of the yields of ring-retaining products by differential optical absorption spec... | 0 |
29,015 | Plant responses to global change: Temperature and drought stress | Lawlor, DW | 1,998 | null | 1 |
35,655 | Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems | Girotti, AW | 1,998 | Lipid peroxidation is a well known example of oxidative damage in cell membranes, lipoproteins, and other
lipid-containing structures. Peroxidative modification of unsaturated phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol can occur in reactions triggered by i) free radical species such as oxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals,... | 0 |
48,297 | Vertical distributions of lightning NOx for use in regional and global chemical transport models | Pickering, KE; Wang, Y; Tao, WK; Price, C; Muller, JF | 1,998 | We have constructed profiles of lightning NOx mass distribution for use in specifying the effective lightning NOx source in global and regional chemical transport models. The profiles have been estimated for midlatitude continental, tropical continental, and tropical marine regimes based on profiles computed for indivi... | 0 |
87,287 | Mortality and air pollution in Helsinki | Ponka, A; Savela, M; Virtanen, M | 1,998 | #In Helsinki, Finland, from 1987 to 1993, the authors studied the associations between daily concentrations of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, total suspended particulates, and particulates with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 Am (PM10), and the daily number of deaths from all causes and from cardiovascula... | 0 |
44,195 | Unexpectedly high concentrations of molecular chlorine in coastal air (letter) | Spicer, CW; Chapman, EG; Finlayson-Pitts, BJ; Plastridge, RA; Hubbe, JM; Fast, JD; Berkowitz, CM | 1,998 | The fate of many atmospheric trace species, including pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and some volatile organic compounds, is controlled by oxidation reactions. In the daytline troposphere, these reactions are dominated by photochemically produced OH radicals; at night and in polluted environments, NO3 radicals are ... | 0 |
15,486 | Chronic exposure to ozone and nitric acid vapor results in increased levels of rat pulmonary putrescine | Sindhu, RK; Mautz, WJ; Kikkawa, Y | 1,998 | #In the past decade, there has been growing public concern for the human health effects of exposure to environmental pollutants. Ozone (O3) is one of the most reactive components of photochemical air pollution. Despite extensive investigations by many laboratories on the functional, biochemical, and cellular effects of... | 0 |
47,134 | The concept of species age in photochemical modeling | Venkatram, A; Du, S; Hariharan, R; Carter, W; Goldstein, R | 1,998 | Electric Power Research Institute. | 0 |
29,599 | The production of CO by biomass burning | Levine, JS; Pinto, JP | 1,998 | Estimates for the annual global production of carbon dioxide (CO) and carbon monoxide (CO) by biomass burning are presented. The calculations are based on a new estimate for burning in the wodd?s boreal forests. The new estimate is about a factor of five greater than earlier estimates. The calculations for CO productio... | 0 |
52,503 | Fast time response measurements of HNO3 in air with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer | Huey, LG; Dunlea, EJ; Lovejoy, ER; Hanson, DR; Norton, RB; Fehsenfeld, FC; Howard, CJ | 1,998 | A chemical ionization mass spectrometer has been developed for fast time response measurements of HNO3 in ambient air. The apparatus was characterized in an informal intercomparison campaign at Green Mountain Mesa in Boulder, Colorado. Nitric acid was measured over a wide range of meteorological conditions. Detection l... | 0 |
52,318 | On the indicator-based approach to assess ozone sensitivities and emissions features | Lu, CH; Chang, JS | 1,998 | Previous model studies suggested that ambient measurements of key chemical species and ratios of species could be used to assess the sensitivities of ozone formation to reductions in precursor emissions. Threshold values of these indicator species and ratios, delineating the transition between VOC and NOx sensitivity, ... | 0 |
29,831 | Alternative fuel motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions composition and ozone potential | Black, F; Tejada, S; Gurevich, M | 1,998 | The 1988 Alternative Motor Fuels Act and the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require examination of the potential to favorably influence air quality by changing the composition of motor vehicle fuels. Motor vehicle tailpipe and evaporative emissions were characterized using laboratory simulations of roadway driving condi... | 0 |
29,728 | A composite space/time approach to studying ozone distribution over eastern United States | Christakos, G; Vyas, VM | 1,998 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Army. #This work is concerned with the composite space/time analysis of ozone concentrations over Eastern U.S. A novel method is used, which introduces a mode of reasoning that is a fundamental combination of inductive and deductive processes. The method is base... | 1 |
5,549,843 | Measurements and numerical simulations of indoor O3 and NOx in two different cases | Drakou, G; Zerefos, C; Ziomas, I; Voyatzaki, M | 1,998 | Simultaneous indoor and outdoor measurements of O-3, NO, NO2* (NOx-NO) that lasted a lot of days, took place in two buildings and were also accompanied by other environmental measurements. The two buildings have bright natural sunlight, similar dimensions but many differences in their design and operation, as well as a... | 0 |
766,324 | Consequences of high loads of nitrogen for spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests | Rennenberg, H; Kreutzer, K; Papen, H; Weber, P | 1,998 | High loads of nitrogen to spruce and beech forests can result in a complete inhibition of NO3- uptake by the roots of the trees. This conclusion is based on (a) a comparison of a held site continuously exposed to high loads of N and a N-limited site, (b) the results of N fertilization of a N-limited field site, and (c)... | 0 |
18,270 | Modeling ozone levels in and around southern California homes | Avol, EL; Navidi, WC; Colome, SD | 1,998 | California Air Resources Board. #To investigate residential ozone (O3) concentrations and their relationship to regional monitoring data, we studied 126 southern California homes between February and December 1994. Using a controlled flow sampler, 481 samples were collected over 24 h sampling periods, both inside (n = ... | 1 |
52,858 | Ozone: an air pollutant acting as a plant-signaling molecule | Sandermann, H, Jr | 1,998 | The air pollutant ozone has recently been found to trigger plant signal transduction chains resembling those induced by fungal and viral pathogens. Chloroplast-related functions are generally inhibited, while genes of antioxidative and pathogen defense are activated. The resulting perturbation of plant metabolism leads... | 0 |
36,354 | Influence of plant age on ozone resistance in Plantago major | Lyons, TM; Barnes, JD | 1,998 | The impact of O3 at different stages of plant development was investigated in growth-chamber-cultivated Plantago major L. Six-d-old plants of an O3-sensitive population ('Valsain') were exposed to one of the following six treatments; 56 d charcoal/Purafll-filtered air (CFA): 56 d CFA plus 70 nmol mol-1 O3 for 7 h d-1; ... | 1 |
86,755 | The influence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on altered pulmonary epithelial permeability during ozone exposure | Reinhart, PG; Bassett, DJP; Bhalla, DK | 1,998 | Ozone (O3), a pulmonary irritant, and a major toxic component of photochemical smog, is capable of inducing pulmonary inflammation characterized by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung. The recruited PMNs, in turn, can release toxic mediators and produce lung injury. The mechanism of ozone-... | 0 |
29,796 | Spatial and temporal variations of particulate precursor gases and photochemical reaction products during SJVAQS/AUSPEX ozone episodes | Chow, JC; Watson, JG; Lowenthal, DH; Egami, RT; Solomon, PA; Thuillier, RH; Magliano, K; Ranzieri, A | 1,998 | Pacific Gas and Electric Company; San Joaquin Valley Joint Power Agency; California Air Resources Board. | 0 |
47,192 | Nitric acid scavenging by mineral and biomass burning aerosols | Tabazadeh, A; Jacobson, MZ; Singh, HB; Toon, OB; Lin, JS; Chatfield, RB; Thakur, AN; Talbot, RW; Dibb, JE | 1,998 | #The abundance of gas phase nitric acid in the upper troposphere is overestimated by global chemistry-transport models, especially during the spring and summer seasons. Recent aircraft data obtained over the central US show that mineral aerosols were abundant in the upper troposphere during spring. Chemical reactions o... | 0 |
47,587 | Daytime buildup and nighttime transport of urban ozone in the boundary layer during a stagnation episode | Banta, RM; Senff, CJ; White, AB; Trainer, M; Mcnider, RT; Valente, RJ; Mayor, SD; Alvarez, RJ; Hardesty, RM; Parrish, D; Fehsenfeld, FC | 1,998 | null | 0 |
52,506 | A new chemical ionization mass spectrometer technique for the fast measurement of gas phase nitric acid in the atmosphere | Mauldin RL III; Tanner, DJ; Eisele, FL | 1,998 | A new chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) technique has been developed for the measurement of HNO3. The technique has been field tested and informally intercompared with a standard filter pack method, and a new CIMS technique developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aeronomy Laboratory.... | 0 |
86,471 | Table Z-1: Limits for air contaminants, carbon monoxide and ozone | null | 1,998 | null | 0 |
40,317 | A model of air-tree-soil system for ozone impact analysis | Chen, CW; Tsai, WT; Lucier, AA | 1,998 | PGSM is a model of air-tree-soil system, that simulates plant growth subject to the combine influence of stress and stimulus factors from air and soil. The input parameters of tree, soil, and air allow the model to be adapted to any tree, planted at a specific location. Previously, the model was developed to simulate p... | 1 |
2,934 | Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on terrestrial ecosystems | Caldwell, MM; Bjorn, LO; Bornman, JF; Flint, SD; Kulandaivelu, G; Teramura, AH; Tevini, M | 1,998 | Elevated solar UV-B radiation associated with stratospheric ozone reduction may exert effects on terrestrial ecosystems through actions on plants, microbes, and perhaps on some animals. At the ecosystem level, the effects are less well understood than at the molecular and organismal levels. Many of the most important, ... | 0 |
28,148 | Interactive effects of ozone and powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) on bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) | Khan, MR; Khan, MW | 1,998 | Interacting effects of ozone at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppm and powdery mildew infection were studied with respect to the growth, flowering and fruit-setting of bottle gourd, and ozone injury, fungal colonization, conidia size and germination. Intermittent exposure in closed-top chambers to ozone at 0.1 or 0.2 ppm, and infec... | 0 |
55,097 | Changes in ultraviolet radiation due to stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes since preindustrial times | Sabziparvar, AA; Forster PMde, F; Shine, EP | 1,998 | This paper estimates global changes in ultraviolet radiation since preindustrial times, resulting from anthropogenic stratospheric and tropospheric ozone changes. A sophisticated radiative transfer scheme is employed to calculate changes in the diurnally integrated UVB (defined here as 280-320 nm) and erythemally weigh... | 0 |
15,490 | Enhancement of fibronectin expression in rat lung by ozone and an inflammatory stimulus | Gupta, SK; Reinhart, PG; Bhalla, DK | 1,998 | This study investigated the relationship of fibronectin expression and induction of pulmonary inflammation by ozone (O3). Rats were exposed to 0.8 parts/million O3 to induce lung inflammation. A second inflammatory stimulus, rabbit serum, was applied intratracheally to augment O3-induced inflammation. Bronchoalveola... | 0 |
770,374 | Temporal development of visual ozone injury on the foliage of Prunus serotina?a statistical evaluation | Ghosh, S; Skelly, JM; Innes, JL; Skelly, L | 1,998 | Ozone-induced visible injury to plants is relatively common in North America but has rarely been reported in Europe. The south of Switzerland (canton Ticino) has been identified as having high ambient ozone exposures relative to other parts of Switzerland, with accumulated annual exposures over a threshold of 40 ppb (4... | 0 |
15,488 | Clara cell secretory protein deficiency increases oxidant stress response in conducting airways | Mango, GW; Johnston, CJ; Reynolds, SD; Finkelstein, JN; Plopper, CG; Stripp, BR | 1,998 | Little is known about the molecular basis for differential pulmonary oxidant sensitivity observed between genetically disparate members of the same species. We have generated mice that are deficient in Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP -/-) and that exhibit an oxidant-sensitive phenotype. We characterized the kinetics... | 0 |
86,193 | Health impacts of climate change and ozone depletion: an ecoepidemiologic modeling approach | Martens, WJM | 1,998 | null | 0 |
30,111 | Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: Collaborative studies: Part XIII. A comparison of changes in the tracheobronchial epithelium and pulmonary acinus in male rats at 3 and 20 months | Pinkerton, KE; Weller, BL; Menache, MG; Plopper, CG | 1,998 | A limitation of the NTP/HEI Collaborative Ozone Project conducted with F344/N rats at the Battelle Pacific North-west Laboratories in Richland, WA (1991-1993) was that the study used only one time point (20 months) to examine the chronic effects of exposure to ozone. Issues the design of that study could not address we... | 1 |
52,276 | Eastern US transport climatology during average, high and low ozone days | Schichtel, BA; Husar, RB | 1,998 | The ozone transport climatology over the Eastern US was established by relating high and low ozone concentrations to their respective regional scale transport conditions during five summers (June, July, and August) from 1991-1995. The transport conditions were established by determining regional source impact areas fro... | 0 |
42,653 | Influence of ozone stress on soybean response to carbon dioxide enrichment: III Yield and seed quality | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Pursley, WA | 1,998 | ABSTRACT Ozone in the troposphere can cause plant stress, whereas elevated CO2 generally causes positive responses. Little is known of how these gases interact to affect plant response. Interactive effects on yield and seed quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown in 14-L pots were measured in open-top field... | 0 |
29,925 | Ozone-induced inflammation is attenuated with multiday exposure | Christian, DL; Chen, LL; Scannell, CH; Ferrando, RE; Welch, BS; Balmes, JR | 1,998 | California Air Resources Board; General Clinical Research Center at San Fransisco General Hospital.#It is well known that ozone (O3 ) causes acute lung inflammation. What is not known is whether there is progression of the inflammatory response in humans with repeated short-term exposures. Our study was designed to tes... | 1 |
47,138 | The gas-phase reaction of alkenes with ozone: formation yields of carbonyls from biradicals in ozone-alkene-cyclohexane experiments | Grosjean, E; Grosjean, D | 1,998 | DGA, Incorporated, Ventura, CA. #Data from ozone-alkene-cyclohexane experiments are analyzed with focus on carbonyls other than the primary carbonyls R1COR1 and R3COR4. Formation of these carbonyls is consistent with O-3 + R1R2C = CR3R4 --> alpha(R1COR2 + R3R4COO) + (1 - alpha) (R3COR4 + R1R2COO) followed by reactions ... | 0 |
53,965 | Comparison of modeled ozone distributions with sonde and satellite observations | Wauben, WMF; Fortuin, JPF; van Velthoven, PFJ; Kelder, HM | 1,998 | The global distribution of ozone in the troposphere and lower stratosphere calculated with a three-dimensional chemistry transport model driven by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF)-analyzed meteorological fields has been compared with observed ozonesonde profiles. This comparison is presented i... | 0 |
55,070 | Role of urban and suburban aerosols on solar UV radiation over Athens, Greece | Papayannis, A; Balis, D; Bais, A; Van Der Bergh, H; Calpini, B; Durieux, E; Fiorani, L; Jaquet, L; Ziomas, I; Zerefos, CS | 1,998 | #The scope of this paper is to provide an experimental and modelling contribution on the role of suspended lower tropospheric particles to the UV spectral irradiance reaching the ground in urban environments. The UV spectral irradiance was measured with a UV spectrophotometer, while the aerosol data were obtained simul... | 0 |
657,215 | The effects of UV exclusion on the soluble phenolics of young Scots pine seedlings in the subarctic | Turunen, M; Heller, W; Stich, S; Sandermann, H; Sutinen, ML; Norokorpi, Y | 1,999 | The characteristics of UV-absorbing compounds, particularly soluble phenolics, were studied in needles of 63-day-old seed-grown Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings of two provenances in a UV exclusion field experiment at Pallas-Ounastunturi National Park in Finnish Lapland (68 degrees N, 270 m a.s.l.). The exper... | 0 |
36,317 | Gene structure and expression of the aspen cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (PtSodCcl) | Akkapeddi, AS; Noormets, A; Deo, BK; Karnosky, DF; Podila, GK | 1,999 | Genomic and cDNA clones, corresponding to an ozone-induced cytosolic copperuzinc superoxide dismutase, were isolated from quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD) appears to be part of a multi-gene family in aspen and is interrupted by five introns in the coding region. North... | 0 |
1,257 | Efectos a corto plazo de la contaminacion atmosferica sobre la mortalidad Resultados del proyecto EMECAM en la ciudad de Barcelona, 1991-1995 [The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality The results of the EMECAM project in the city of Barcelona, 1991-1995]. | Saurina, C; Barcelo, MA; Saez, M; Tobias, A | 1,999 | Background: Most of the studies which demonstrate the existence of a short-term relationship between air pollution and morbidity and the death rate analyze the impact of "classic" pollutants which are by-products of combustion. However, the changes in the sources of these emissions, shifting basically toward road traff... | 0 |
16,240 | Critical health issues of criteria air pollutants | Graham, JA; Folinsbee, LJ; Davis, JM; Raub, J; Grant, LD | 1,999 | This chapter summarizes the key health information on ubiquitous outdoor air pollutants with the ability to cause adverse health effects at current or historical ambient levels in the United States. Of the thousands of air pollutants, very few meet this definition. The Clean Air Act of the United States requires that t... | 0 |
11,344 | Environmentally constrained mutation and adaptive evolution in Salmonella | Massey, RC; Rainey, PB; Sheehan, BJ; Keane, OM; Dorman, CJ | 1,999 | null | 0 |
11,213 | Contaminantes atmosfericos y su vigilancia (Air pollutants and the monitoring thereof) | Aranguez, E; Ordonez, JM; Serrano, J; Aragones, N; Fernandez-Patier, R; Gandarillas, A; Galan, I | 1,999 | Some basic concepts regarding air pollution are set out. Although, from a health care standpoint, our interest revolves around the impact which pollution has on human health, it being important to ascertain the main pollutants, the sources of emissions, the physicochemical properties thereof, the sampling and analysis ... | 0 |
26,298 | On the search for the correct economic assessment method | Adams, RM | 1,999 | #In an article appearing in this issue, Darwin (1999) describes and critiques an assessment method (the ?Ricardian' method) for measuring the economic effects of climate change on agriculture. He also presents an empirical model (the Future Agricultural Resources Model or FARM) embedding features of that approach. The ... | 0 |
53,978 | Short-lived alkyl iodides and bromides at Mace Head, Ireland: links to biogenic sources and halogen oxide production | Carpenter, LJ; Sturges, WT; Penkett, SA; Liss, PS; Alicke, B; Hebestreit, K; Platt, U | 1,999 | Automated in situ gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) measurements of a range of predominantly biogenic alkyl halides in air, including CHBr3, CHBr2Cl, CH3Br, C2H5Br, CH3I, C2H51, CH2ICl, CH2I2, and the hitherto unreported CH2IBr were made at Mace Head during a 3-week period in May 1997. C3H7I and CH3CHICH3 wer... | 0 |
1,215 | Neutrophils injure bronchial epithelium after ozone exposure | Mcdonald, RJ; Usachencko, J | 1,999 | Neutrophil (PMN) influx is an early, prominent finding in the airways of humans after experimental inhalation of ozone (O3), however the potential for PMN to contribute to epithelial injury in this setting is unknown. Bronchial epithelial cells of the human BEAS 2B R1.4 cell line or primary human bronchial epithelial c... | 0 |
53,024 | Grain protein accumulation in relation to grain yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grown in open-top chambers with different concentrations of ozone, carbon dioxide and water availability | Pleijel, H; Mortensen, L; Fuhrer, J; Ojanpera, K; Danielsson, H | 1,999 | The present investigation was undertaken in order to study the influence of ozone, carbon dioxide and water availability on the relationship between grain protein and grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results were combined from spring wheat, field grown in 16 different open-top chamber experiments, from four... | 0 |
53,404 | A general circulation model based calculation of HCl and CINO2 production from sea-salt dechlorination: reactive chlorine emissions inventory | Erickson DJ III; Seuzaret, C; Keene, WC; Gong, SL | 1,999 | As part of the Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory, a global model of chemical processes in the marine boundary layer (MBL), Marine Aerosol and Gas Phase Interactions (MAGPI), was developed to calculate direct monthly production of HCl and ClNO2 from sea salt dechlorination on a 2.8 x 2.8 latitude-longitude grid. Sea... | 0 |
48,338 | Primary product distributions from the reaction of OH with m-, p-xylene, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene | Smith, DF; Kleindienst, TE; Mciver, CD | 1,999 | A study was conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of the four title compounds in the presence of sub-part-per-million levels of NO sub(x) . The oxidation was conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds. The experiments were designed to represent reaction path... | 0 |
42,358 | Emission of volatile organic compounds from ozone-exposed plants | Heiden, AC; Hoffmann, T; Kahl, J; Kley, D; Klockow, D; Langebartels, C; Mehlhorn, H; Sandermann H J; Schraudner, M; Schuh, G; Wildt, J | 1,999 | Plants produce a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and this release plays a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. Although certain factors controlling the emission rates of VOCs from plants are reasonably well understood, the influence of abiotic stress, such as elevated ozone concentrations, is unknown... | 0 |
29,709 | Interactive effects of ozone and elevated carbon dioxide on the growth and physiology of black cherry, green ash, and yellow poplar seedlings | Loats, KV; Rebbeck, J | 1,999 | Potted seedlings of black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) (BC), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) (GA), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) (YP) were exposed to one of the four treatments: (1) charcoal-filtered air (CF) at ambient CO2 (control); (2) twice ambient O3 (2IO3); (3) twice ambient CO2 (650 ... | 1 |
51,293 | Deliquescence, efflorescence, and supercooling of ammonium sulfate aerosols at low temperature: implications for cirrus cloud formation and aerosol phase in the atmosphere | Cziczo, DJ; Abbatt, JPD | 1,999 | Motivated by the roles which tropospheric aerosols play in cloud formation processes and heterogeneous chemistry, low-temperature phase transitions of submicron-sized (NH4)2 SO4 aerosols have been directly observed using Fourier transform infrared extinction spectroscopy. In particular, deliquescence relative humiditie... | 0 |
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