REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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15,141 | Ozonation of blood during extracorporeal circulation I Rationale, methodology and preliminary studies | Bocci, V; Di Paolo, N; Garosi, G; Aldinucci, C; Borrelli, E; Valacchi, G; Cappelli, F; Guerri, L; Gavioli, G; Corradeschi, F; Rossi, R; Giannerini, F; Di Simplicio, P | 1,999 | We investigated whether exposure of blood ex-vivo to oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) through a gas exchanger is feasible and practical. We first evaluated the classical dialysis-type technique but we soon realized that semipermeable membranes are unsuitable because they are hydrophilic and vulnerable to O3. We therefore adopted a... | 0 |
30,104 | Do open-top chambers overestimate the effects of rising CO2 on plants? An analysis using spring wheat | Van Oijen, M; Schapendonk, AHCM; Jansen, MJH; Pot, CS; Maciorowski, R | 1,999 | #The microclimate in facilities for studying effects of elevated CO2 on crops differs from ambient conditions. Open-top chambers (OTCs) increase temperature by 1-3?C. If temperature and CO2 interact in their effect on crops, this would limit the value of OTC experiments. Furthermore, interaction of CO2 and temperature ... | 0 |
89,235 | Photofragmentation two-photon laser-induced fluorescence detection of NO2 and NO: comparison of measurements with model results based on airborne observations during PEM-Tropics A | Bradshaw, J; Davis, D; Crawford, J; Chen, G; Shetter, R; Muller, M; Gregory, G; Sachse, G; Blake, D; Heikes, B; Singh, H; Mastromarino, J; Sandholm, S | 1,999 | Measurements of NO and NO2 are reported using a highly modified photofragmentation two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (PF-TP-LIF) instrument. Available evidence suggests that the changes made substantially reduced wall decomposition of labile NOy species. In sharp contrast to the results reported from NASA's 1991 PE... | 0 |
36,426 | Atrial natriuretic peptides in the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure | Vesely, DL | 1,999 | #Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) consist of a family of peptides (atrial natriuretic factor [ANF], long acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide, urodilatin, brain natriuretic peptide [BNP], and C type natriuretic peptide [CNP]) which are synthesized within the heart, except for urodilatin. Of ... | 0 |
53,093 | Pigments and phytoprotection in needles of Pinus ponderosa trees with and without symptoms of ozone injury | Tausz, M; Bytnerowicz, A; Weidner, W; Arbaugh, MJ; Padgett, P; Grill, D | 1,999 | The best documented ozone-induced damages on forest trees are found on Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws, in the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California. The foliar injury to this species is characterized by specific visual symptoms ('chlorotic mottling'). In October 1997, ponderosa pine needles were colle... | 0 |
35,329 | Foliar injuries caused by ozone in Betula pubescens Ehrh and Phleum pratense L as influenced by climatic conditions before and during O3 exposure | Mortensen, LM | 1,999 | Seedlings of Betula pubescens Ehrh. (mountain birch) and Phleum pratense L. (timothy) were grown for 42 days under full light or 50% shade in the field at 12degreeC, and at comparable photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels in a greenhouse at 18degreeC. Plants from the four pretreatments were exposed to 78 nmol mo... | 0 |
3,421,571 | Air quality criteria for particulate matter, vol 2 [1st external review draft] | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
26,658 | Interactions of chronic exposure to elevated CO2 and O3 levels in the phytosynthetic light and dark reactions of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) | Grams, TEE; Anegg, S; Haberle, KH; Langebartels, C; Matyssek, R | 1,999 | Young trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica) acclimated for one growing season to ambient (c. 367 Al l-1) or elevated CO2 levels (c. 600 Al l-1) were exposed during the subsequent year to combinations of the same CO2 regimes and ambient or twice-ambient ozone (O3) levels (generated from the database of a rural site)... | 0 |
42,485 | Does elevated CO2 protect grain yield of wheat from the effects of ozone stress? | Donnelly, A; Jones, MB; Burke, JI; Schnieders, B | 1,999 | This study has investigated the effects of elevated CO(2) and elevated O(3), both singly and in combination, on the yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Minaret). Plants were grown in open-top chambers and exposed to three CO(2) concentrations (ambient, 510 and 680 ppmv) and two O(3) concentrations (ambient... | 0 |
186,944 | Multiple stresses from a single agent: Diverse responses to the experimental acidification of Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin | Frost, TM; Montz, PK; Kratz, TK; Badillo, T; Brezonik, P; Gonzalez, MJ; Rada, RG; Watras, CJ; Webster, KE; Wiener, JG; Williamson, CE; Morris, DP | 1,999 | A single stress, acidification with sulfuric acid, was applied to Little Rack Lake in a whole-ecosystem manipulation. We documented a wide range of responses to the acidification, including increases in the concentrations of various chemicals, shifts in microbial processes and a major increase in water clarity to UV-B ... | 0 |
91,542 | Characterizing the commercial timber benefits from tropospheric ozone reduction attributable to the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, 1990-2010 | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
52,379 | Decrease in natural marine hydrocarbon seepage near Coal Oil Point, California, associated with offshore oil production | Quigley, DC; Hornafius, JS; Luyendyk, BP; Francis, RD; Clark, J; Washburn, L | 1,999 | ABSTRACT Prolific natural hydrocarbon seepage occurs offshore of Coal Oil Point in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. Within the water column above submarine vents, plumes of hydrocarbon gas bubbles act as acoustic scattering targets. Using 3.5 kHz sonar data, seep distribution off shore of Coal Oil Point was map... | 0 |
47,162 | Reactive uptake on hydrocarbon soot: focus on NO2 | Longfellow, CA; Ravishankara, AR; Hanson, DR | 1,999 | The heterogeneous reactivity of NO2 with soot, two combustion products typically produced in close proximity, may have significant implications for the chemistry occurring in the atmosphere, especially the urban troposphere. As the soot produced in the environment is not well characterized, the interaction of NO2 with ... | 0 |
46,086 | The aging process of naturally emitted aerosol (sea-salt and mineral aerosol) during long range transport | Song, CH; Carmichael, GR | 1,999 | #The aging processes of two representative natural aerosol, sea-salt and mineral aerosol, are investigated by using a box model equipped with a thermodynamic module (SCAPE). The model is shown to successfully describe the aging processes between the gas-phase anthropogenic pollutants (SO2, NOx, and NH3) and primary aer... | 0 |
47,372 | Rural ozone: trends and exceedances at CASTNet sites | Holland, DM; Principe, PP; Vorburger, L | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #Emission reductions were mandated in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 with the expectation that they would result in major reductions in the concentrations of atmospherically transported pollutants. This paper uses generalized additive models to characterize the form and magni... | 0 |
53,517 | Chemistry of halogen ozides in the troposphere: comparison of model calculations with recent field data | Stutz, J; Hebestreit, K; Alicke, B; Platt, U | 1,999 | Reactive halogen species (RHS=X, XO, HOX, OXO; X= Cl, Br, 1) are known to have an important influence on the chemistry in the polar boundary layer (BL), where they are responsible for ozone depletion events in spring. Recent field campaigns at Mace Head, Ireland, and the Dead Sea, Israel, identified for the first time... | 0 |
53,330 | Energetics of hummingbird foraging at low ambient temperature | Gass, CL; Romich, MT; Suarez, RK | 1,999 | Because of their small size and the high energetic costs of hovering and forward flight, humrningbirds achieve the highest mass-specific metabolic rates known among vertebrates. Rufous hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) stop to refuel on floral nectar in subalpine meadows as they migrate south from British Columbia to Me... | 0 |
52,348 | The relation between ozone, NOx and hydrocarbons in urban and polluted rural environments | Sillman, S | 1,999 | #Research over the past ten years has created a more detailed and coherent view of the relation between O3 and its major anthropogenic precursors, volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This article presents a review of insights derived from photochemical models and field measurements. The ozone... | 0 |
13,097 | Screening methods for agent compatibility with people, materials, and the environment | Nyden, MR; Skaggs, SR | 1,999 | A workshop on fire suppressant agent compatibility with people, materials and the environment was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on November 14 and 15, 1997, which was attended by approximately 40 representatives from government, academia, and industry. The participants were asked to assess ... | 0 |
42,720 | Adverse health effects associated with ozone in the eastern United States | null | 1,999 | Ozone is a strong oxidant that, when present in the air we breathe, can alter the mechanical functions of the lungs, inflame them, and reduce their ability to expel foreign material. Exposure to ozone results in decreased lung capacity, sore throats, and more severe effects, such as asthma attacks, emergency room visi... | 0 |
73,905 | Evaluation of regression calibration and SIMEX methods in logistic regression when one of the predictors is subject to additive measurement error | Fung, KY; Krewski, D | 1,999 | null | 0 |
29,011 | Photosynthetic adjustment in field-grown ponderosa pine trees after six years of exposure to elevated CO2 | Tissue, DT; Griffin, KL; Ball, T | 1,999 | Photosynthesis of tree seedlings is generally enhanced during short-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO(2), but longer-term photosynthetic responses are often more variable because they are affected by morphological, biochemical and physiological feedback mechanisms that regulate carbon assimilation to meet sink d... | 1 |
767,677 | Effects of SO2 fumigations on photosynthetic CO2 gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence emission and antioxidant enzymes in the lichens Evernia prunastri and Ramalina farinacea | Deltoro, VI; Gimeno, C; Calatayud, A; Barreno, E | 1,999 | The effects of elevated gaseous SO2 concentrations in the lichens Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. and Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. were investigated by means of gas exchange, modulated chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and antioxidant enzyme assays. The response to SO2 of the studied species differed markedly. Net photosyn... | 0 |
37,959 | Gas-phase absorption cross sections of 24 monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the UV and IR spectral ranges | Etzkorn, T; Klotz, B; Sorensen, S; Patroescu, IV; Barnes, I; Becker, KH; Platt, U | 1,999 | Absorption cross sections of 24 volatile and non-volatile derivatives of benzene in the ultraviolet (UV) and the infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have been determined using a 1080 l quartz cell. For the UV a 0.5 m Czerny-Turner spectrometer coupled with a photodiode array detector (spectral resolut... | 0 |
52,214 | Formation of hydrogen peroxide in the ozonolysis of isoprene and simple alkenes | Sauer, F; Schaefer, C; Neeb, P; Horie, O; Moortgat, G | 1,999 | #The ozonolysis of isobutene and isoprene was performed in a 570 "cursive L" static reactor at 295 K and 730 Torr synthetic air in the presence and absence of water vapour, with the reactant concentration ranges of 1u6 ppmv. Products were analysed by a combination of FTIR spectroscopy, GC-FID, and HPLC. For both alkene... | 0 |
10,812 | Ozone inhibits guard cell K+ channels implicated in stomatal opening | Torsethaugen, G; Pell, EJ; Assmann, SM | 1,999 | Ozone (O3) deleteriously affects organisms ranging from humans to crop plants, yet little is understood regarding the underlying mechanisms. In plants, O3 decreases CO2 assimilation, but whether this could result from direct O3 action on guard cells remained unknown. Potassium flux causes osmotically driven changes in ... | 1 |
51,242 | An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: recommendations for testing 3-D models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone | Logan, JA | 1,999 | null | 0 |
35,319 | Validity of extrapolating field CO2 experiments to predict carbon sequestration in natural ecosystems | Luo, Y; Reynolds, JF | 1,999 | One of the ultimate goals of ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) experiments is to infer the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to sequester carbon (C) in a CO2-enriched world. This modeling study examines C sequestration (C(seq)) in natural ecosystems based on CO2 experiments. Most experiments are conducted by a step incre... | 1 |
47,431 | Climatic forcing of nitrogen oxides through changes in tropospheric ozone and methane: Global 3D model studies | Fuglestvedt, JS; Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, ISA; Mao, H; Liang, XZ; Wang, WC | 1,999 | A three-dimensional global chemical tracer model and a radiation transfer model have been used to study the role of NOx emissions for radiative forcing of climate. Through production of tropospheric O3, NOx emissions lead to positive radiative forcing and warming. But by affecting the concentration of OH radicals, NOx ... | 1 |
52,983 | Physiological responses of ponderosa pine to gradients of environmental stressors | Grulke, NE | 1,999 | The general physiological responses of forest trees to oxidant pollution are well documented and summarized (McLaughin 1985; Darrall 1989; Bytnerowicz and Grulke 1992; Matyssek et al. 1994; Gower et al. 1995; Heath and Taylor 1997). Most conifers have a higher threshold of tolerance to air pollutants relative to broad-... | 1 |
40,706 | Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards | Musselman, RC; Massman, WJ | 1,999 | #The National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is based on occurrences of the maximum 8 h average ambient ozone concentration. However, biologists have recommended a cumulative ozone exposure parameter to protect vegetation. In this paper we propose a third alternative which uses quantifiable flux-based n... | 1 |
12,185 | Public health consequences of global climate change in the United States--some regions may suffer disproportionately | Longstreth, J | 1,999 | Current risk assessments of the likely regional health impacts of global climate change (GCC) are hindered by two factors. First, dose-response relationships between weather parameters and many of the likely health effects have not been developed, and second, reliable estimates of future regional climates across the Un... | 0 |
14,517 | Oxidant air pollution impacts in the montane forests of southern California: A case study of the San Bernardino Mountains | Caldwell, MM; Heldmaier, G; Lange, OL; Mooney, HA; Schulze, E-D; Sommer, U | 1,999 | Since the 1950s, the pines native to the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California have shown symptoms of decline that have proven to result from exposure to ozone, a major plant-damaging gas in photochemical oxidant air pollution. Because of their proximity to major urban areas, the San Bernardino Mountains have... | 0 |
44,165 | The response of sensitive and tolerant clones of Populus tremuloides to dynamic ozone exposure under controlled environmental conditions | Yun, SC; Laurence, JA | 1,999 | Both sensitive and tolerant clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides) were exposed to ozone using four different exposure regimes under controlled environmental conditions. Based on data on ambient ozone from 10 cities in the USA, three treatments of 4-wk exposure to the same SUM06 (an accumulation of hourly O3 concentrati... | 1 |
42,641 | A free-air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2 | Hendrey, GR; Ellsworth, DS; Lewin, KF; Nagy, J | 1,999 | A free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system was designed to permit the experimental exposure of tall vegetation such as stands of forest trees to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2](a)) without enclosures that alter tree microenvironment. We describe a prototype FACE system currently in operation in forest plots... | 1 |
26,877 | Ovipositional response of tobacco hornworm moths (Lepidoptera: Sphyngidae) to tobacco plants grown under elevated levels of ozone | Jackson, DM; Heagle, AS; Eckel, RVW | 1,999 | Tropospheric ozone (O3) is an important air pollutant that can injure plants, and it may have direct or indirect effects on associated insects. Thus, tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum L, were exposed to 4 concentrations of O3 in open-top chambers at the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ai... | 1 |
16,266 | Ubiquity of quasi-horizontal layers in the troposphere | Newell, RE; Thouret, V; Cho, JYN; Stoller, P; Marenco, A; Smit, HG | 1,999 | Fine laminar structures in the atmosphere have been described previously but their characterization has been limited. The modern global coverage of aircraft flights offers an opportunity to provide such a characterization, and examine the ubiquity of such structures, in space and time. Research aircraft measuring verti... | 1 |
94,194 | Interactions between increasing CO2 concentration and temperature on plant growth | Morison, JIL; Lawlor, DW | 1,999 | The global environment is changing with increasing temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, [CO2]. Because these two factors are concomitant, and the global [CO2] rise will affect all biomes across the full global range of temperatures, it is essential to review the theory and observations on effects o... | 1 |
156,314 | Science algorithms of the EPA models-3 community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) modeling system | Byun, DW; Ching, JKS | 1,999 | null | 1 |
36,399 | The response of clones of Populus tremuloides differing in sensitivity to ozone in the field | Yun, SC; Laurence, JA | 1,999 | Ozone (O(3))-sensitive and tolerant clones of aspen (Populus tremuloides) were exposed to O(3) at 1, 1.7 and 3.0 times the concentration in ambient air at Ithaca, NY, USA (x 1, x 1.7 and x 3.0) for 3 months. Visible foliar injury occurred within a few days of the initiation of treatments and developed continuously in x... | 0 |
631,175 | Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: A comparison of two analyses of ozonesonde data | Logan, JA; Megretskaia, IA; Miller, AJ; Tiao, GC; Choi, D; Zhang, L; Stolarski, RS; Labow, GJ; Hollandsworth, SM; Bodeker, GE; Claude, H; De Muer, D; Kerr, JB; Tarasick, DW; Oltmans, SJ; Johnson, B; Schmidlin, F; Staehelin, J; Viatte, P; Uchino, O | 1,999 | We present the results of two independent analyses of trends in the vertical distribution of ozone. For most of the ozonesonde stations we use data that were recently reevaluated and reprocessed to improve their quality and internal consistency. The two analyses give similar results for trends in ozone. We attribute di... | 1 |
52,977 | Acute exposure to ozone inhibits rapid carbon translocation from source leaves of Pima cotton | Grantz, DA; Farrar, JF | 1,999 | Tropospheric ozone (O3) causes significant disruption of growth and yield in upland and Pima cottons. Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) was exposed to brief pulses (0.75 h) of a range of O3 concentrations (nominally 0, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 id 11) to investigate effects on phloem translocation of 14C-labelled recent ph... | 0 |
3,068 | Carbon monoxide in the US mid-Atlantic troposphere: Evidence for a decreasing trend | Hallock-Waters, KA; Doddridge, BG; Dickerson, RR; Spitzer, S; Ray, JD | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; U.S. Department of the Interior; Electric Power Research Institute; National Science Foundation. | 0 |
11,466 | The impact of California phase 2 reformulated gasoline on real-world vehicle emissions | Gertler, AW; Sagebiel, JC; Dippel, WA; O'Connor, CM | 1,999 | Coordinating Research Council. | 0 |
84,958 | The magnitude of bias in the measurement of PM2.5 arising from volatilization of particulate nitrate from Teflon filters | Hering, S; Cass, G | 1,999 | California Air Resources Board.Because the Federal Reference Method for PM2.5 specifies the collection of ambient particles on Teflon filters, we have examined the loss of a known volatile species, particulate nitrate, during sampling. Data are presented from two studies in southern California for which parallel sample... | 0 |
40,451 | Role of concentrations and time of day in developing ozone exposure indices for a secondary standard | Lee, EH; Hogsett, WE | 1,999 | Evidence from exposure-response studies and a turbulent transfer model demonstrate that plant response is differential to concentration, duration, temporal pat-tern, and time of day of exposure. Reductions in productivity of crops and trees as seedlings are greater when plants are exposed to higher daytime ozone (O3 ) ... | 1 |
47,533 | Diurnal variation of ozone due to chemical reactions on carbonaceous aerosols: measurements and simulations at a tropical site | Bhugwant, C; Cachier, H; Bremaud, P; Roumeau, S | 1,999 | null | 0 |
87,294 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate in Atlanta, Georgia: comparison and analysis of ambient data for suburban and downtown locations | Aneja, VP; Hartsell, BE; Kim, DS; Grosjean, D | 1,999 | Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) concentrations were measured at downtown and suburban locations in Atlanta, GA, in July and August 1992 as part of the SOS-SORP/ONA (Southern Oxidants Study-Southern Oxidants Research Program on Ozone Non-Attainment). PAN concentrations were generally higher at the downtown location than at t... | 0 |
87,296 | Evaluation of pre-industrial surface ozone measurements made using Schonbein's method | Pavelin, EG; Johnson, CE; Rughooputh, S; Toumi, R | 1,999 | Ozone measurements made using Schonbein?s method during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have been examined and converted to modern units using a method originally developed by Linvill et al. (1980). Monthly Weather Review 108, 1880?1891 and Anfossi et al. (1991). Journal of Geophysics Research 96, 17,... | 1 |
40,702 | Temporal changes in crown condition indices, needle litterfall, and collateral needle injuries of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines | Miller, PR; Rechel, J | 1,999 | The green leafy canopy of a pine is generally described as the crown of the tree. The health of tree crowns is essentially an estimate of the amount of foliage actually present in relation to the potential amount that could be present under ideal conditions. The second major feature is the presence or absence of injury... | 1 |
2,881 | Carbon monoxide | null | 1,999 | Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposure to carbon monoxide, a colourless, odourless gas produced by both natural and anthropogenic processes. Concerns about the potential health effects of exposure have been addressed in extensive studies with both humans and a range of animal species.... | 0 |
7,919 | A comparison of observations and model simulations of NOx/NOy in the lower stratosphere | Gao, RS; Fahey, DW; Del Negro, LA; Donnelly, SG; Keim, ER; Neuman, JA; Teverovskaia, E; Wennberg, PO; Hanisco, TF; Lanzendorf, EJ; Proffitt, MH; Margitan, JJ; Wilson, JC; Elkins, JW; Stimpfle, RM; Cohen, RC; Mcelroy, CT; Bui, TP; Salawitch, RJ; Brown, SS; Ravishankara, AR; Portmann, RW; Ko, MKW; Weisenstein, DK; Newman... | 1,999 | Extensive airborne measurements of the reactive nitrogen reservoir (NOy) and its component nitric oxide (NO) have been made in the lower stratosphere. Box model simulations that are constrained by observations of radical and long-lived species and which include heterogeneous chemistry systematically underpredict the N... | 0 |
80,106 | Effects of ozone depletion and increased ultraviolet-B radiation on northern vegetation | Bjorn, LO; Callaghan, TV; Gehrke, C; Gwynn-Jones, D; Lee, JA; Johanson, U; Sonesson, M; Buck, ND | 1,999 | null | 0 |
10,746 | Statistical methods for epidemiologic studies of the health effects of air pollution | Navidi, W; Thomas, D; Langholz, B; Stram, D | 1,999 | Health Effects Institute. We describe two statistical designs that can provide efficient estimates of the health effects of exposure to air pollutants in epidemiologic studies. We also evaluate the effects of measurement error in exposure assessment on the accuracy of estimated health effects. The bidirectional case-cr... | 0 |
41,536 | Forest growth responses to the pollution climate of the 21st century: proceedings of the 18th IUFRO workshop on air pollution stress; 1998; Edinburgh, Scotland | Sheppard, LJ; Cape, JN | 1,999 | null | 0 |
48,343 | NO signatures from lightning flashes | Stith, J; Dye, J; Ridley, B; Laroche, P; Defer, E; Baumann, K; Hubler, G; Zerr, R; Venticinque, M | 1,999 | In situ measurements of cloud properties, NO, and other trace gases were made in active thunderstorms by two research aircraft. Concurrent measurements from a three-dimensional (3-D) VHF interferometer and the 2-D National Lightning Detection Network were used to determine lightning frequency and location. The CHILL Do... | 0 |
11,175 | Empirical evaluation of ambient ozone interpolation procedures to support exposure models | Hopkins, LP; Ensor, KB; Rifai, HS | 1,999 | null | 0 |
2,251,961 | Ecoregions, watersheds, basins, and HUCs: How state and federal agencies frame water quality | Griffith, GE; Omernik, JM; Woods, AJ | 1,999 | Many state and federal agencies have adopted a ?watershed approach? for water quality assessment and management, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends using hydrologic units for this purpose. Watershed are important spatial units for studies of land-water relationships, but most hydrologic units... | 0 |
195,323 | Ozone detection by crack-induced opacity in rubber | Mott, PH; Roland, CM | 1,999 | initially transparent polybutadiene develops micron-sized surface cracks when stretched and exposed ro ozone. The consequent reduction in the transparency of the rubber provides a facile method for quantifying the ambient ozone concentration. The rate at which opacity develops is linearly dependent on the amount of ozo... | 0 |
9,758 | Impact of clouds on the tropospheric ozone budget: direct effect of multiphase photochemistry of soluble organic compounds | Monod, A; Carlier, P | 1,999 | A box model daytime study of the multiphase photochemistry (both gas and aqueous phases) of C-1 organic compounds within a non-precipitating cloud on a local scale was performed. In a situation where ozone accumulates in clear sky conditions, as soon as a cloud is formed, the tropospheric ozone budget changes drastical... | 0 |
51,107 | Lung diseases induced by indoor and outdoor pollutants | Viegi, G; Annesi-Maesano, I | 1,999 | null | 0 |
11,974 | Effect of the Chinese herbal medicine, Bakumondo-to, on airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in guinea-pigs | Aizawa, H; Shigyo, M; Nakano, H; Matsumoto, K; Inoue, H; Hara, N | 1,999 | OBJECTIVE: Bakumondo-to (Maimendong tang) is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been used as an anti-tussive agent. However, the effects of Bakumondo-to on airway hyperresponsiveness are unknown. We examine whether Bakumondo-to can inhibit airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone. METHODOLOGY: Measurements of airway... | 0 |
46,978 | Evaluation of regional emissions control strategies for ozone utilizing population exposure metrics: A new GIS-based approach applied to the July 1995 episode over the OTAG domain | Purushothaman, V; Georgopoulos, PG | 1,999 | Emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides are the primary precursors in the formation of ground-level ozone. Ground-level ozone is known to be detrimental in many ways to human health. For this reason, emissions control strategies are developed with the anticipation of improving air quality and thereb... | 0 |
80,191 | Responses of transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x P alba) overexpressing glutathione synthetase of glutathione reductase to acute ozone stress: visible injury and leaf gas exchange | Strohm, M; Eiblmeier, M; Langebartels, C; Jouanin, L; Polle, A; Sandermann, H; Rennenberg, H | 1,999 | Untransformed hybrid poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba) and transgenic lines overexpressing glutathione synthetase (GshS) in the cytosol (200-300-fold) or glutathione reductase (GR) either in the cytosol 5-fold) or in the chloroplast (150-200-fold) were exposed to 0 (control), 100, 200 or 300 nl l-1 ozone for 3 d for 7... | 0 |
86,511 | Epidemiological studies of ozone exposure effects | Thurston, GD; Ito, K | 1,999 | null | 0 |
26,684 | Deciduous conifers: High N deposition and O3 exposure effects on growth and biomass allocation in ponderosa pine | Grulke, NE; Balduman, L | 1,999 | Ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex. Laws) 21 to 60yr old were used to assess the relative importance of environmental Stressors (O3, drought) versus an enhancer (N deposition) on foliar retention, components of aboveground growth, and whole tree biomass allocation. Sites were chosen across a well-described grad... | 0 |
11,410 | Solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation: health effects and protective measures Position statement and overview | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
1,728 | Aerosol formation from the reaction of "alpha"-pinene and ozone using a gas-phase kinetics-aerosol partitioning model | Kamens, R; Jang, M; Chien, CJ; Leach, K | 1,999 | National Science Foundation; Fullbright Fellowship; Hewlett-Packard Corporation.#As a result of new aerosol compositional information, we have implemented an exploratory model for predicting aerosol yields from the reaction of "alpha"-pinene with ozone in the atmosphere. This new approach has the ability to embrace a r... | 0 |
51,885 | Mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of methacrolein | Orlando, JJ; Tyndall, GS; Paulson, SE | 1,999 | The OH-initiated oxidation of methacrolein, a major product of isoprene oxidation, has been studied in an environmental chamber using FT-IR spectroscopy. Products observed (which account for more than 90% of the reacted carbon) were CO, CO2, hydroxyacetone, formaldehyde, and methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN). It is ... | 0 |
52,295 | Photochemical production and aging of an urban air mass | Dommen, J; Prevot, ASH; Hering, AM; Staffelbach, T; Kok, GL; Schillawski, RD | 1,999 | Aircraft measurements of O3, NO, NO2, NOy, HCHO, and H2O2 over the Swiss Plateau during 4 days in July 1993 were analyzed. Special emphasis was put on the urban plume of Zurich. An effective photochemical age for an urban plume was introduced, which accounts for a background NOz concentration. Only the effective photoc... | 0 |
55,491 | Comment on Hoeting, J A; Madigan, D; Raftery, A E; Volinsky, C T 1999 "Bayesian model averaging: a tutorial" | George, EI | 1,999 | null | 0 |
55,427 | Effect of rising Asian emissions on surface ozone in the United States | Jacob, DL; Logan, JA; Murti, PP | 1,999 | The effect of increasing fossil fuel combustion in eastern Asia on surface O3 air pollution in the United States is examined with a global three-dimensional tropospheric chemistry model. Tripling of Asian anthropogenic emissions from 1985 to 2010 is expected to increase monthly mean O3 concentrations by 2-6 ppbv in the... | 0 |
26,429 | Environmental limitations to O3 uptake - some key results from young trees growing at elevated CO2 concentrations | Broadmeadow, MSJ; Heath, J; Randle, TJ | 1,999 | Results are presented of an investigation into the capacity of the indoor potted-plant/growth medium microcosm to remove air-borne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which contaminate the indoor environment, using three plant species, Howea forsteriana (Becc. (Kentia palm), Spathiphyllum wallisii Schott.'Petite' (Peace ... | 0 |
2,616 | Forest health in North America: Some perspectives on actual and potential roles of climate and air pollution | Mclaughlin, S; Percy, K | 1,999 | The perceived health of forest ecosystems over large temporal and spatial scales can be strongly influenced by the frames of reference chosen to evaluate both forest condition and the functional integrity of sustaining forest processes. North American forests are diverse in range, species composition, past disturbance ... | 0 |
92,060 | Responses of phytoplankton to varied resource availability in large lakes of the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem | Interlandi, SJ; Kilham, SS; Theriot, EC | 1,999 | We assessed phytoplankton dynamics in three lakes in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem to better understand the connections between changing environmental conditions and aquatic communities. This work primarily describes the connections between resource availability and phytoplankton seasonal succession in these lakes.... | 0 |
9,764 | Ozone stress, carbon dioxide enrichment, and nitrogen fertility interactions in cotton | Heagle, AS; Miller, JE; Booker FL: Pursley, WA | 1,999 | Ozone (O(3)) in the troposphere can cause plant stress leading to foliar injury and suppressed growth and yield, whereas elevated CO(2) generally enhances growth and yield. Numerous studies have been performed to determine effects of O(3) and CO(2) separately, but relatively few have been performed to determine if O(3)... | 0 |
80,399 | Simulated effects of N deposition, ozone injury, and climate change on a forest stand in the San Bernardino Mountains | Arbaugh, MJ; Johnson, DW; Pulliam, WM | 1,999 | Euro-American settlement, fire suppression, harvest, and grazing have altered forest development and distribution of many western forests including the San Bernardino Mountains (Veblen and Lorenz 1991; Minnich, this volume). In addition to these influences, southern California forests also have been affected by high le... | 0 |
38,030 | Gas-phase reaction of the OH-benzene adduct with O2: reversibility and secondary formation of HO2 | Bohn, B; Zetzsch, C | 1,999 | The reaction of OH radicals with benzene and consecutive reactions of benzene-OH adducts with O-2 were studied in the gas phase in N-2-O-2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. OH was produced by pulsed 248 nm photolysis of H2O2. Time-resolved detection of both OH and benzene-OH adducts was performed b... | 0 |
37,926 | Atmospheric chemistry of benzaldehyde: UV absorption spectrum and reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the C6H5C(O)O2 radical | Caralp, F; Foucher, V; Lesclaux, R; Wallington, TJ; Hurley, MD | 1,999 | Flash photolysis-UV absorption and long pathlength FTIR-smog chamber studies of several reactions involving C6H5C(O) and C6H5C(O)O-2 radicals have been performed. It was determined that reaction of Cl atoms with C6H5CHO proceeds via abstraction of the aldehydic hydrogen to give benzoyl radicals. The sole atmospheric fa... | 0 |
47,371 | Ozone-monitoring in Mendoza, Argentina: initial results | Schlink, U; Herbarth, O; Richter, M; Rehwagen, M; Puliafito, JL; Puliafito, E; Puliafito, C; Guerreiro, P; Quero, JL; Behler, JC | 1,999 | German Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Technology. A series of continuous ambient tropospheric ozone measurements were taken in Mendoza, Argentina, for a period of one year starting in November 1995. The data obtained were analyzed in terms of diurnal and annual variation. Indications were found of the str... | 0 |
55,439 | Developing a scientific basis for managing Earth's life support systems | Daily, GC | 1,999 | Here, I review the motivation and science behind efforts to characterize and manage ecosystems as capital assets. I then describe some recent work to evaluate the potential for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in human-dominated landscapes. | 0 |
92,916 | The effect of frozen soil on snowmelt runoff at Sleepers River, Vermont | Shanley, JB; Chalmers, A | 1,999 | Soil frost depth has been monitored at the Sleepers River Research Watershed in northeastern Vermont since 1984. Soil frost develops every winter, particularly in open fields, but its depth varies greatly from year to year in inverse relation to snow depth. During the 15 years of recording at a benchmark mid-elevation ... | 0 |
11,308 | Measurements of rural sulfur dioxide and particle sulfate: analysis of CASTNet data, 1987 through 1996 | Baumgardner RE Jr; Isil, SS; Bowser, JJ; Fitzgerald, KM | 1,999 | The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) was implemented by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1991 in response to Title IX of the Clean Air Amendments of 1990, which mandated the deployment of a national ambient air monitoring network to track progress of the implementation of emission reductio... | 0 |
5,810 | Subchronic and oral methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) exposure in male Sprague-Dawley rats and effects on health of MTBE exposed workers | Zhou, W; Ye, SH | 1,999 | Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is used to reduce carbon monoxide and ozone in urban air and to boost fuel octane. There are yet no data on the toxicity and health effects of MTBE in China. To evaluate the possible toxicity of domestic MTBE, 40 male, 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-200 g, were gavaged w... | 0 |
47,164 | The role of mineral aerosol in tropospheric chemistry in East Asia--a model study | Zhang, Y; Carmichael, GR | 1,999 | A detailed gas-phase chemistry mechanism is combined with dust surface uptake processes to explore possible impacts of mineral dust on tropospheric chemistry. The formations of sulfate and nitrate on dust are studied along with the dust effects on the photochemical oxidant cycle for the long-range-transported particles... | 0 |
57,482 | Update on the incidence and mortality from melanoma in the United States | Hall, HI; Miller, DR; Rogers, JD; Bewerse, B | 1,999 | null | 0 |
89,951 | Health impacts of biomass air pollution | Brauer, M | 1,999 | In 1997, uncontrolled forest fires burning in Indonesia resulted in a regional air pollution episode of smoke which impacted several Southeast Asian nations. Beginning in late July 1997, elevated levels of particulate matter air pollution were observed for a period of approximately 2 months in many areas, with a severe... | 0 |
55,507 | Passive ozone monitoring for forest health assessment | Cox, RM; Malcolm, JW | 1,999 | null | 0 |
41,832 | Simultaneous analyses of chromosomes in root meristems and of the biochemical status of needle tissues of three different clones of Norway spruce trees challenged with moderate ozone levels | Wonisch, A; Muller, M; Tausz, M; Soja, G; Grill, D | 1,999 | #Biochemical effects of both low and high ozone impact in long-term and short-term experiments are well investigated and documented; however, short-term treatments with moderate ozone levels have revealed divergent information concerning the biochemistry of needle tissues. Damage to the meristems of spruce trees have b... | 0 |
26,920 | A foliar rinse study of the dry deposition of nitric acid to a coniferous forest | Janson, R; Granat, L | 1,999 | The foliar rinse method was used to study the deposition of nitric acid to a coniferous forest at the NOPEX site (NOrthern hemisphere climate Processes land-surface EXperiment) in Sweden, (60 degrees 05'N, 17 degrees 30'E) in July and August 1994. Ambient concentrations of HNO3, NH3, NO3(p) and NH4(p) were measured con... | 0 |
47,447 | Intercomparison of the influence of tropospheric clouds on UV-visible absorptions detected during the NDSC intercomparison campaign at OHP in June 1996 | Pfeilsticker, K; Arlander, DW; Burrows, JP; Erle, F; Gil, M; Goutail, F; Hermans, C; Lambert, JC; Platt, U; Pommereau, JP; Richter, A; Sarkissian, A; Van Roozendael, M; Wagner, T; Winterrath, T | 1,999 | #The influence of tropospheric clouds on zenith sky light (or brief ZSL-DOAS) measurements of stratospheric gases is investigated. From a large set of intercomparison studies including six simultaneously operated UV/visible spectrometers, the zenith sky absorptions of O3, O4, NO2, and H2 O are found to increase conside... | 0 |
90,370 | Daily mortality by cause and socio-economic status in Santiago, Chile 1988-1996 | Vega, J; Cifuentes, L; Lave, L | 1,999 | Daily counts of cause-specific deaths for nine years from 1988 to 1996 were regressed using Poisson regression on respirable (PMw) and fine suspended particles (PM25), SO2, CO and ozone concentrations, on the same day and from lag 1 to 9, controlling for seasonal and meteorological conditions.
A significant positive as... | 0 |
28,987 | Vegetation changes in forests of the Krkonose Mountains over a period of air pollution stress (1980-1995) | Vacek, S; Bastl, M; Leps, J | 1,999 | Species composition of the understory of spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests subjected to intense air pollution stress in the Krkonose Mts., Czech Republic, showed directional changes over the last 15 years. The changes were documented with repeated observations of 29 permanent plot... | 0 |
80,411 | Epiphytic lichens in the San Bernardino Mountains in relation to oxidant gradients | Nash, TH, III; Sigal, LL | 1,999 | The use of lichens as indicators of air pollution, particularly in regions with high levels of SO2, is well established (Nieboer et al. 1976; Richardson and Nieboer 1983; Nash and Wirth 1988; Galun and Ronen 1990; Gries 1996). Near sources of SO2, lichen species show marked impoverishment, with species richness frequen... | 0 |
23,216 | Changes in soil inorganic nitrogen as related to atmospheric nitrogenous pollutants in southern California | Padgett, PE; Allen, EB; Bytnerowicz, A; Minich, RA | 1,999 | The deposition of nitrogenous pollutants has serious implications for ecosystem function and stability. Research in temperate ecosystems has indicated a wide range of ecological responses, yet very little is known about arid ecosystems. In this study, measurements of atmospheric and soil concentrations of the plant-ava... | 0 |
26,446 | Leaf injury characteristics of grassland species exposed to ozone in relation to soil moisture condition and vapour pressure deficit | Bungener, P; Balls, GR; Nussbaum, S; Geissmann, M; Grub, A; Fuhrer, J | 1,999 | SUMMARY.A range of plant species typical of semi-natural grasslands were tested for their sensitivity to short-term ozone injury under normal and reduced irrigation, and in relationship to air vapour pressure deficit. Potted specimens of 24 herbs, legumes and grasses were exposed during two seasons to four O3 treatment... | 0 |
40,703 | Lifting the veil of smog: why a regional ozone strategy is needed in the Eastern United States | Miller, PJ | 1,999 | null | 0 |
19,439 | Air pollution exposure monitoring and estimating Part I Integrated air quality monitoring system | Clench-Aas, J; Bartonova, A; Bohler, T; Gronskei, KE; Sivertsen, B; Larssen, S | 1,999 | This paper presents an integrated exposure monitoring system, based on an expansion of existing air quality monitoring systems using dispersion modelling. The system allows: (1) identifying geographical areas whose inhabitants are most exposed to ambient pollution; (2) identifying how many people in an area are exposed... | 0 |
19,436 | Air pollution exposure monitoring and estimation Part III Development of new types of air quality indicators | Guerreiro, C; Clench-Aas, J; Bartonova, A | 1,999 | The temporal pattern of exposure to a specific compound may affect health in several ways. Exposure to pollution can have short-term effects or long-term effects. For some compounds there is a threshold under which there is no presumed measurable effect, whereas for other compounds, there is no presumed threshold. For ... | 0 |
19,434 | Validation of a diffusive sampler for NO2 | Hagenbjork-Gustafsson, A; Lindahl, R; Levin, JO; Karlsson, D | 1,999 | A diffusive sampler for NO2, Willems badge, was validated in laboratory experiments and field tests. The collecting reagent for NO2 in the sampler is triethanolamine, and the analysis is based on a modified colorimetric method, the Saltzman method. The analysis was performed by a flow injection analysis (FIA) technique... | 0 |
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