REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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13,228 | Secondary organic aerosol formation vs primary organic aerosol emission: in situ evidence for the chemical coupling between monoterpene acidic photooxidation products and new particle formation over forests | Kavouras, IG; Mihalopoulus, N; Stephanou, EG | 1,999 | European Commission. #In a Eucalyptus forest in Portugal were investigated (a) the formation of secondary organic aerosol formed through the condensation of low vapor pressure products of monoterpenes ("alpha"- and "beta"-pinene) photooxidation and (b) the chemical structure of these products related to their ability t... | 0 |
1,136 | Use of immunotoxicity data in health risk assessments: uncertainties and research to improve the process | Selgrade, MK | 1,999 | A number of environmental contaminants can suppress immune responses and enhance susceptibility to infectious and/or neoplastic disease. Most of the evidence for immunotoxicity of such contaminants has been obtained from laboratory animal studies and risk assessors must make decisions about risk to the human population... | 0 |
42,662 | Climatic conditions and concentrations of carbon dioxide and air pollutants during 'ESPACE--wheat' experiments | Hertstein, U; Coils, J; Ewert, F; Van Oijen, M | 1,999 | A major objective of the ESPACE-wheat programme was to perform by means of open-top chambers (OTCs) `standardised' experimental investigations of spring wheat responses to increased atmospheric CO2 and O3 concentrations and to other environmental stresses at different locations in Europe, representing a broad range of ... | 0 |
36,089 | UV-induced changes in the immune response to microbial infections in human subjects and animal models | Norval, M; Garssen, J; Van Loveren, H; El-Ghorr, AA | 1,999 | Exposure to UV is a recognised risk factor for skin cancer and it also induces immunosuppression to a variety of antigens encountered following the irradiation. The latter property has been demonstrated in rodent models of infections with the microbial agents including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. In the ... | 0 |
27,980 | The influence of elevated CO2 and O3 on fine roots and mycorrihizas of naturally growing young Scots pine trees during three exposure years | Kasurinen, AE; Helmisaari, HS; Holopainen, T | 1,999 | null | 0 |
51,287 | Nitrate effect in the heterogeneous hydrolysis of dinitrogen pentoxide on aqueous aerosols | Mentel, TF; Sohn, M; Wahner, A | 1,999 | The heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 was investigated on NaHSO4, Na2SO4, and NaNO3 aerosols. The experiments were performed in the large Aerosol Chamber at FZ Julich at room temperature and ambient pressure for several relative humidities. These salts are components of aerosols in the marine and coastal boundary layer.... | 0 |
47,594 | Spatial and temporal variation in the mixing depth over the northeastern United States during the summer of 1995 | Berman, S; Ku, JY; Rao, ST | 1,999 | A study of the temporal and spatial variations of mixing layer height over the Ozone Transport Region of the northeastern United States for the summer of 1995 is presented using meteorological data obtained from the North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone-Northeast (NARSTO-NE) 1995 field program. Rawins... | 0 |
74,321 | Effetti a breve termine prodotti dalla esposizione ad inquinamento atmosferico urbano sulla salute umana in Europa I Progetti APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) [Short-term effects on human health due to urban air pollution in Europe The APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: a European Approach) projects]... | Vigotti, MA | 1,999 | #During the '80s, evidence was collected that air pollutants concentrations close to, or lower than, air quality standards could negatively influence public health at short term, i.e. within a few days. The European Union financed, between 1993 and 1995, the study "Short term effects of Air Pollution on Health: a Europ... | 0 |
52,384 | On the background photochemistry of tropospheric ozone | Crutzen, PJ; Lawrence, MG; Poschl, U | 1,999 | We present a largely tutorial overview of the main processes that influence the photochemistry of the background troposphere. This is mostly driven by the photolysis of ozone by solar ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths shorter than about 340 nm, resulting in production of excited O(1D) atoms, whose reaction with wate... | 0 |
39,069 | A statistical model for FEV1 response to arbitrary dynamic ozone exposure conditions | Smith, MV; Mcdonnell, WF | 1,999 | Lung function response to inhaled ozone at ambient air pollution levels is known to be a function of ozone concentration, exposure duration, and minute ventilation. Most data-driven exposure-response models address exposures under static condition (i.e., with a constant ozone concentration and exercise pattern). Such m... | 0 |
30,291 | Effects of rainfall acidity and ozone on foliar leaching in red spruce Picea rubens | Sayre, RG; Fahey, TJ | 1,999 | #The effects of acid rain and ozone on the leaching of chemicals from the canopy of red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) saplings was measured over a 4-year treatment period. The saplings were exposed to various levels of ozone and to acid rain (pH 3.1, 4.1, and 5.1) using open-top chambers. No effects of ozone treatments o... | 0 |
2,620 | Semiparametric regression approach to adjusting for meteorological variables in air pollution trends | Shively, TS; Sager, TW | 1,999 | Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission. #A semiparametric regression model is used to analyze relationships between ambient ozone, related meteorological predictor variables, and time trends. This model enjoys a number of advantages over alternatives. The model produces outputs that parallel the outputs of li... | 0 |
29,713 | Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and environmental stress on plants and ecosystems: a synthesis | Luo, Y; Canadell, J; Mooney, HA | 1,999 | null | 0 |
27,283 | The European Stress Physiology and Climate Experiment - Project 1: wheat (ESPACE-wheat); introduction, aims and methodology | Jager, HJ; Herstein, U; Fangmeier, A | 1,999 | The response of crops to CO2 enrichment represents an issue of major concern both for scientists and for policy-makers. In a concerted programme funded by the Commission of the European Communities, a Europe-wide experimental and modeling study was carried out to investigate the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 co... | 0 |
47,332 | OH yields in the gas-phase reactions of ozone with alkenes | Rickard, AR; Johnson, D; Mcgill, CD; Marston, G | 1,999 | Hydroxyl radical yields are reported for the gas-phase ozonolyses of a range of alkenes. 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was employed as an OH tracer, and the diminution in its concentration was used to calculate OH yields by both a simple analytical kinetic expression and a numerically integrated model. The following OH yields... | 0 |
47,771 | An evaluation of chemistry's role in winter-spring ozone maximum found in the northern midlatitude free troposphere | Yienger, JJ; Klonecki, AA; Levy H, II; Moxim, WJ; Carmichael, GR | 1,999 | We employ the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory global chemical transport model to investigate the contribution of photochemistry to the winter-spring ozone maximum in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) midlatitude free troposphere (770-240 mbar; 30 degrees N-60 degrees N). Free tropospheric ozone mass slowly builds up i... | 0 |
1,242 | Ozone-induced release of histamine in human nasal mucosa of smokers and nonsmokers in organ culture | Schierhorn, K; Zhang, M; Matthias, C; Kunkel, G | 1,999 | N/A. | 0 |
37,972 | Sensitivity of photolysis rates and ozone production in the troposphere to aerosol properties | He, S; Carmichael, GR | 1,999 | Aerosol impacts on NO sub(2) photolysis rates and ozone production in the troposphere are studied by applying a modern sensitivity analysis technique ``ADIFOR' on a coupled transport/chemistry /radiative transfer model. Four representative types of tropospheric aerosol (rural, urban, maritime, and desert) are evaluated... | 0 |
13,226 | Partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the presence of a secondary organic aerosol in a controlled atmosphere | Leach, KB; Kamens, RM; Strommen, MR; Jang, M | 1,999 | National Science Foundation. The gas-particle partitioning of select semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) was studied by injecting the SOCs into a 190 m3 Teflon film chamber containing a secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated by volatilizing liquid ?alpha'-pinene into an ozone-concentrated atmosphere. The concentra... | 0 |
36,332 | Ozone sensitivity, growth and flower development in Phleum genotypes of different geographic origin in the Nordic countries | Danielsson, H; Gelang, J; Pleijel, H | 1,999 | Nine genotypes of Phleum pratense, with origins ranging from the southernmost part of Denmark to the Scandian mountains and the coast of the Barents sea, and three genotypes of Phleum alpinum, all from the boreal region of north Sweden, were exposed to four treatments: charcoal and purafil filtered air with or without ... | 0 |
12,517 | Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet light absorption | Jacobson, MZ | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Science Foundation; the David and Lucile Packard Foundation; the Hewlett-Packard Company.
Measurements in 1973 and 1987 showed that downward ultraviolet (UV) irradiances within the boundary layer in Los Angeles were up to 50% less than those above the boundary layer. Down... | 0 |
9,779 | The heterogeneous reaction of ozone with soot aerosol | Kamm, S; Mohler, O; Naumann, KH; Saathoff, H; Schurath, U | 1,999 | The loss of ozone on carbon soot aerosol was investigated in the temperature range 238-330 K for reaction times up to 72 h: 200 mu g m(-3) ozone in dry synthetic air is depleted with an initial reaction probability gamma = 1.2 x 10(-6) at 296 K. The reaction probability decreases with a characteristic time tau of about... | 0 |
37,899 | Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry, organic species: supplement VII | Atkinson, R; Baulch, DL; Cox, RA; Hampson, RF, Jr; Kerr, JA; Rossi, MJ; Troe, J | 1,999 | null | 0 |
15,138 | Aktivnost' perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov i antioksidantov u rabochikj ekologicheski neblagopriiatnogo proizvodstva [Indices of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in workers of ecologically unfavorable productions] | Abrashitova, NF | 1,999 | Studied was the antioxidant-lipid peroxidation balance in erythrocytes of workers from the shop of plasticizers cleared with ozone, known as a strong oxidizer. Dynamics of the dependence of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products including diene conjugates, coupled ketotriene, and Schiff bases on length of service ... | 0 |
44,124 | Seasonal ozone uptake of mature evergreen conifers at different altitudes | Wieser, G; Hasler, R; Gotz, B; Koch, W; Havranek, WM | 1,999 | Seasonal patterns of ozone (O(3)) uptake in mature Norway spruce and cembran pine trees were estimated at six rural sites between 580 m and 1950 m a.s.I. Seasonal variations in O(3) uptake reflect variation in both ambient O(3) concentration and stomatal conductance. At all the study sites the annual course in the O(3)... | 0 |
11,975 | Antioxidative defense and photoprotection in Pinus halepenis induced by Mediterranean conditions and ozone exposure | Alonso, R; Elvira, S; Castillo, FJ; Gimeno, BS | 1,999 | Pigment levels and antioxidative stress-related metabolites were determined over a period of two years in Pinus halepensis to characterize the response of some plant protective processes to both environmental stresses and 03 exposure. Two-year-old-Aleppo pine seedlings were grown in open-top chambers under optimal nutr... | 0 |
57,109 | Skin cancer and solar UV radiation | De Gruijl, FR | 1,999 | Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is the most prominent and ubiquitous physical carcinogen in our natural environment. It is highly genotoxic but does not penetrate the body any deeper than the skin. Like all organisms regularly exposed to sunlight, the human skin is extremely well adapted to continuous UV stress.... | 0 |
47,333 | A structure-activity relationship (SAR) for predicting rate constants for the reaction of NO3, OH and O3 with monoalkenes and conjugated dienes | King, MD; Canosa-Mas, CE; Wayne, RP | 1,999 | A simple method of predicting rate constants for the reaction between NO3, OH or O3 and substituted alkenes (monoalkenes and conjugated dienes) has been demonstrated using a simple structure-activity relationship (SAR) based on the structure of the alkene. The SAR is useful in providing an initial estimate of an unknow... | 0 |
42,539 | Effects on nutrients and on grain quality in spring wheat crops grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and stress conditions in the European, multiple-site experiment 'ESPACE-wheat' | Fangmeier, A; De Temmerman, L; Mortensen, L; Kemp, K; Burke, J; Mitchell, R; van Oijen, M; Weigel, HJ | 1,999 | Nutrient element concentrations and grain quality were assessed in spring wheat grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and contrasting levels of tropospheric ozone at different nitrogen supply rates at several European sites. Carbon dioxide enrichment proved to affect nutrient concentrations in a complex manner. In gr... | 0 |
57,511 | Effects of altitude and latitude on ambient UVB radiation | Rigel, DS; Rigel, EG; Rigel, AC | 1,999 | null | 0 |
55,142 | Impact of tropospheric aerosol absorption on ozone retrieval from backscattered ultraviolet measurements | Torres, O; Bhartia, PK | 1,999 | The impact of tropospheric aerosols on the retrieval of column ozone amounts using space-borne measurements of backscattered ultraviolet radiation is examined. Using radiative transfer calculations, we show that the radiative effects of UV-absorbing aerosols produce spurious ozone column reductions. The magnitude of th... | 0 |
30,108 | Temperature dependency of acid-rain effect on photosynthesis of Pinus ponderosa | Momen, B; Anderson, PD; Helms, JA | 1,999 | #We measured the effects of acid rain and elevated ozone on net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gl), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) in 1-year-old and current-year foliage of field-grown trees of a single clone of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) under varying, controlled temperature and l... | 0 |
18,175 | The nemesis effect | Bright, C | 1,999 | null | 0 |
10,640 | First-order sensitivity analysis of models with time-dependent parameters: an application to PAN and ozone | Seefeld, S; Stockwell, WR | 1,999 | German Bundesministerium fur Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie; Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology. | 0 |
30,294 | Ameliorating effect of UV-B radiation on the response of Norway spruce and Scots pine to ambient ozone concentrations | Schnitzler, JP; Langebartels, C; Heller, W; Liu, J; Lippert, M; Dohring, T; Bahnweg, G; Sandermann, H | 1,999 | #Elevated levels of both ozone and UV-B radiation are typical for high-altitude sites. Few studies have investigated their possible interaction on plants. This study reports interactive effects of O3 and UV-B radiation in four-year-old Norway spruce and Scots pine trees. The trees were cultivated in controlled environm... | 0 |
57,292 | Tropospheric hydroxyl and atomic chlorine concentrations, and mixing timescales determined from hydrocarbon and halocarbon measurements made over the Southern Ocean | Wingenter, OW; Blake, DR; Blake, NJ; Sive, BC; Rowland, FS; Atlas, E; Flocke, F | 1,999 | During the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1) field campaign, 1419 whole air samples were collected over the Southern Ocean, of which approximately 700 samples were collected in the marine boundary layer (MBL), 300 samples were taken in the free troposphere (FT), and the remainder were collected in the b... | 0 |
52,396 | Sources of upper tropospheric HOx: a three-dimensional study | Muller, JF; Brasseur, G | 1,999 | The sources of odd hydrogen radicals (HOx=OH+HO2) in the upper troposj~here are investigated and quantified using a three-dimensional model. While the reaction of O(1D) with water vapor constitutes the single major source of HOx in the lower and middle troposphere, the model calculations suggest that acetone photooxida... | 0 |
46,979 | Integrating photochemical modeling, geostatistical techniques and geographical information systems for ozone exposure assessment | Purushothaman, V; Georgopoulos, PG | 1,999 | null | 0 |
90,413 | Sunrise ozone destruction found in the sub-tropical marine boundary layer | Nagao, I; Matsumoto, K; Tanaka, H | 1,999 | #A new mechanism of ozone loss is found in the sub-tropical marine boundary layer over the north Pacific. This ozone destruction occurs just after sunrise (hereafter Sunrise Ozone Destruction, SOD) and is commonly found throughout the year. SOD is a predominant ozone loss mechanism in winter, which takes place after su... | 0 |
64,793 | The use of ambient data to corroborate analyses of ozone control strategies | Blanchard, CL; Lurmann, FW; Roth, PM; Jeffries, HE; Korc, M | 1,999 | Data from environmental-chamber studies and photochemical box-model simulations were used to evaluate andrevise a method for developing a qualitative understanding of the sensitivity of ozone formation at a particular time and place to changes in concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen... | 0 |
1,265 | Ozone-induced acute lung injury: Genetic analysis of F2 mice generated from A/J and C57BL/6J strains | Prows, DR; Daly, MJ; Shertzer, HG; Leikauf, GD | 1,999 | Acute lung injury (or acute respiratory distress syndrome) is a devastating and often lethal condition. This complex disease (trait) may be associated with numerous candidate genes. To discern the major gene(s) controlling mortality from acute lung injury, two inbred mouse strains displaying contrasting survival times ... | 0 |
12,196 | Progress report for the cooperative agreement with EPA OAQPS CX 825834 year 1, 5/98 - 5/99 ozone and PM analysis | Husar, RB; Schichtel, B; Falke, S; Husar, J | 1,999 | This is a Progress Report for year 01 of the three year Cooperative Agreement (CX 825834-01, 5/01/1998-4/30/2001, $300K/yr). The Coop is on "Ozone and PM Air Quality Analysis in Support of Public Needs" This Report will be presented verbally at EPA to the Project Officer and other interested parties in September 1999. ... | 0 |
92,483 | Spatial and temporal variability of nutrient limitation in 6 North Shore tributaries to Lake Superior | Wold, AP; Hershey, AE | 1,999 | Nutrient availability varies both spatially and temporally in temperate systems because of timing of seasonal and hydrological events (e.g., spring snowmelt). Most studies have found either N or P to be primarily limiting. A nutrient-diffusing bioassay was used to determine if N, P, neither nutrient, or both nutrients ... | 0 |
81,859 | Newly characterized products and composition of secondary aerosols from the reaction of "alpha"-pinene with ozone | Jang, M; Kamens, RM | 1,999 | National Science Foundation.#Secondary aerosols from the reaction of "alpha"-pinene with ozone were generated in a 190 m3 outdoor Teflon chamber, and products of these aerosols were characterized. Products were separated by gas chromatography and detected with electron-impact mass spectrometry, chemical-impact mass spe... | 0 |
43,699 | Ozone exposure results in various carry-over effects and prolonged reduction in biomass in birch (Betula pendula Roth) | Oksanen, E; Saleem, A | 1,999 | In the first experiment, saplings of ozone-sensitive and a more tolerant clone of Betula pendula Roth were exposed to ambient ozone (control treatment, accumulated exposure over a threshold 40 nmol mol1 (AOT40) exposure of 1A0 mol mol1 h) and 1A5 ambient ozone (elevated-ozone treatment, AOT40 of 17A3 mol mol1 h) over o... | 0 |
36,388 | Ozone-responsive proteins in a tolerant and sensitive clone of white clover (Trifolium repens) | Tang, Y; Chevone, BI; Hess, JL | 1,999 | #Two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Regal), NC-R (O3-resistant) and NC-S (O3-sensitive), were used to investigate biochemical responses associated with O3 tolerance. Plants were exposed in CSTR chambers to a step-function O3 profile (minimum concentration of 50 nl liter-1, maximum concentration of 150 ... | 0 |
28,748 | Elevated CO2 does not ameliorate effects of ozone on carbon allocation in Pinus halapensis and Betula pendula in symbiosis with Paxillus involutus | Kytoviita, MM; Pelloux, J; Fontaine, V; Botton, B; Dizengremel, P | 1,999 | The effect of 700 Amol CO2 mol-1, 200 nmol ozone mol- 1 and a combination of the two on carbon allocation was examined in Pinus halepensis co-cultured with Betula pendula in symbiosis with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. The results show that under low nutrient and ozone levels, elevated CO2 has no effec... | 0 |
81,212 | Urban air quality | Fenger, J | 1,999 | Since 1950 the world population has more than doubled, and the global number of cars has increased by a factor of 10. In the same period the fraction of people living in urban areas has increased by a factor of 4. In year 2000 this will amount to nearly half of the world population. About 20 urban regions will each hav... | 0 |
57,459 | Sunscreen use and duration of sun exposure: A double-blind, randomized trial | Autier, P; Dore, JF; Negrier, S; Lienard, D; Panizzon, R; Lejeune, FJ; Guggisberg, D; Eggermont, AM | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: In epidemiologic studies, sunscreen use is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma, basal cell skin cancer, and higher numbers of nevi. It has been proposed that sunscreens may encourage prolonged sun exposure because they delay sunburn occurrence. We examined whether, under habitual conditions... | 0 |
87,280 | Contribution of nitrate and carbonaceous species to PM2.5 observed in Canadian cities | Brook, JR; Dann, TF | 1,999 | At a variety of Canadian monitoring sites, carbonaceous compounds were estimated to account for an average of 50% of fine particle mass. These estimates were determined by subtracting the total fine particle mass associ-
ated with inorganic compounds from the total fine mass determined gravimetrically. This approach, w... | 0 |
54,099 | Iodine chemistry and its role in halogen activation and ozone loss in the marine boundary layer: a model study | Vogt, R; Sander, R; Von Glasow, R; Crutzen, PJ | 1,999 | A detailed set of reactions treating the gas and aqueous phase chemistry of the most important iodine species in the marine boundary layer (MBL) has been added to a box model which describes Br and Cl chemistry in the MBL. While Br and Cl originate from seasalt, the I compounds are largely derived photochemically from ... | 0 |
674,763 | The effect of urban compared to rural environments on plant growth in the vicinity of New York City : The net response and the relative importance of the different pollutants | Gregg, JW | 1,999 | null | 0 |
2,691 | American Trucking Associations, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency | null | 1,999 | Introduction. The Clean Air Act requires EPA to promulgate and periodically revise national ambient air quality standards. ("NAAQS") for each air pollutant identified by the agency as meeting certain statutory criteria. See Clean Air Act ss 108-09, 42 U.S.C. ss 7408-09. For each pollutant, EPA sets a "primary standard"... | 0 |
1,087 | Exhaled nitric oxide, sensitization, and exposure to allergens in patients with asthma who are not taking inhaled steroids | Simpson, A; Custovic, A; Pipis, S; Adisesh, A; Faragher, B; Woodcock, A | 1,999 | null | 0 |
29,717 | Geo-2000: global environmental outlook 2000 | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
17,683 | Estimation of carbon monoxide exposures and associated carboxyhemoglobin levels in Denver residents using pNEM/CO (version 2.0) [draft] | Johnson, T; Mihlan, G; Lapointe, J; Fletcher, K; Capel, J | 1,999 | null | 0 |
12,496 | Spatial prediction of sulfur dioxide in the eastern United States | Holland, DM; Saltzman, N; Cox, LH; Nychka, D | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Institute of Statistical Sciences. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated the development of the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) to determine the status and trends of selected air pollutants in rural areas of the U.S. Large-scale monitoring networ... | 0 |
52,721 | The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons | Asada, K | 1,999 | Photoreduction of dioxygen in photosystem I (PSI) of chloroplasts generates superoxide radicals as the primary product. In intact chloroplasts, the superoxide and the hydrogen peroxide produced via the disproportionation of superoxide are so rapidly scavenged at the site of their generation that the active oxygens do n... | 0 |
5,389 | Human exposure following indoor insecticide use | Bernard, CE; Dinoff, TM; Nguyen, H; Truong, D; Krieger, RI | 1,999 | N/A. | 0 |
47,051 | The pulmonary effects of outdoor ozone and particle air pollution | Kinney, PL | 1,999 | Over the past three decades, considerable progress has been made in controlling levels of several outdoor air pollutants with well-established effects on human health (e.g., sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead). However, concern remains about the potential human health impacts of two air pollutants, ozone (Oinf 3... | 0 |
28,241 | Effects of intermittent ozone exposures on powdery mildew of cucumber | Khan, MR; Khan, MW | 1,999 | Exposure of plants to O3 may influence foliar diseases caused by fungi. It is hypothesized that concentrations of O3 at or below economic threshold may enhance severity of the fungal disease, whereas higher levels may decrease the severity. To test this hypothesis, effects of intermittent exposures at 50, 100 and 200 p... | 0 |
47,106 | Heteorgeneous conversion of NO2 on carbonaceous surfaces | Kleffmann, J; Becker, KH; Lackhoff, M; Wiesen, P | 1,999 | In the present study the heterogeneous conversion of NO2 on commercial soot, freshly prepared flame soot and commercial soot treated with sulfuric acid has been investigated. The experimental results indicate a complex reaction mechanism in which the soot has to be treated as a reactant leading to deactivation of activ... | 0 |
2,615 | Tansley review no. 104: Calcium physiology and terrestrial ecosystem processes | McLaughlin, SB; Wimmer, R | 1,999 | Calcium occupies a unique position among plant nutrients both chemically and functionally. Its chemical properties allow it to exist in a wide range of binding states and to serve in both structural and messenger roles. Despite its importance in many plant processes, Ca mobility is low, making Ca uptake and distributio... | 0 |
57,766 | Effects of lightning and convection on changes in tropospheric ozone due to NOx emissions from aircraft | Berntsen, TK; Isaksen, ISA | 1,999 | A global 3-dimensional chemical tracer model (CTM) has been used to calculate the impact on tropospheric ozone caused by NOx emissions from today's fleet of subsonic aircraft (0.52 Tg(N)/yr). Uncertainties in the magnitude and distribution in the ozone perturbation due to uncertainties in lightning and deep convection ... | 0 |
57,487 | UV damage to the eye lens: further results from animal model studies: a review | Hockwin, O; Kojima, M; Sakamoto, Y; Wegener, A; Shui, YB; Sasaki, K | 1,999 | null | 0 |
35,514 | Carbonaceous particle hydration III | Chughtai, AR; Miller, NJ; Smith, DM; Pitts, JR | 1,999 | Previous soot hydration studies have been extended to compare the water uptake properties of soots from selected fuels (JP-8 Jet fuel, kerosene, diesel, and metal containing and S-containing synthetics) prepared under varying conditions with corresponding n-hexane model soots. Adsorption and desorption isotherms have y... | 0 |
36,379 | The decay of O3 through direct reaction with cell wall ascorbate is not sufficient to explain the different degrees of O3-sensitivity in two poplar clones | Ranieri, A; Castagna, A; Padu, E; Moldau, H; Rahi, M; Soldatini, GF | 1,999 | Ozone O(3) flux to the mesophyll cell walls and its decay in the direct reaction with cell wall-ascorbate were quantified by measuring stomatal conductance, cell wall ozone-exposed area, cell wall thickness and cell wall-ascorbate concentration in two differently-sensitive poplar clones exposed to O(3) (0.150 Al L(-1) ... | 0 |
48,038 | The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: a review of recent developments | Shine, KP; Forster PMde, F | 1,999 | #Human activity has perturbed the Earth's energy balance by altering the properties of the atmosphere and the surface. This perturbation is of a size that would be expected to lead to significant changes in climate. In recent years, an increasing number of possible human-related climate change mechanisms have begun to ... | 0 |
55,146 | Surface UV radiation over Australia, 1979-1992: effects of ozone and cloud cover changes on variations of UV radiation | Udelhofen, PM; Gies, P; Roy, C; Randel, WJ | 1,999 | Time series of daily erythemal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, ozone, and cloud cover were analyzed over the Australian continent using data sets from the NASA Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) from 1979-1992, The TOMS UVR exposures showed good agreement with data from surface observations. Using a relation... | 0 |
26,402 | Effects of Melampsora leaf rust disease and chronic ozone exposure on poplar | Beare, JA; Archer, SA; Bell, JNB | 1,999 | The combined and separate impacts of Melampsora sp. infection and chronic O3 (100 nl l-1, 8 h per day, for 17 days) on poplar health (Populus trichocarpa T&GIPopulus balsamifera Duroi non L.), were assessed in a closed chamber fumigation experiment. Incidence and severity of Melampsora infection was increased significa... | 0 |
42,636 | Adverse effects of ambient ozone on watermelon yield and physiology at a rural site in eastern Spain | Gimeno, BS; Bermejo, V; Reinert, RA; Zheng, Y; Barnes, JD | 1,999 | The study reported was conducted to establish the impacts of photochemical oxidants (primarily ambient ozone, O3) on the yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) at a site on the east coast of Spain. Fruit yield and quality were monitored in plots established in a commercial watermelon field exposed, in open-top chamber... | 0 |
32,252 | Modeling the long-term frequency distribution of regional ozone concentrations | Winner, DA; Cass, GR | 1,999 | Efficient methods are developed for modeling emissions - air quality relationships that govern ozone and NO2 concentrations over very long periods of time. A baseline model evaluation study is conducted to assess the accuracy and speed with which the relationship between pollutant emissions and the frequency distributi... | 0 |
87,266 | Stability of ozone attainment designations | Fairley, D; Perardi, T; De Mandel, R | 1,999 | null | 0 |
90,183 | Overestimation of urban nitrogen dioxide by passive diffusion tubes: a comparative exposure and model study | Heal, MR; O'Donoghue, MA; Cape, JN | 1,999 | A detailed comparative trial of passive diffusion tubes (PDT) for measurement of NO2 in urban air has been undertaken in Edinburgh, UK. Acrylic, foil-wrapped and quartz tubes were exposed in parallel for 1-week and 4-week periods at three urban sites equipped with continuous analysers for NO, NOx and O3. Standard acryl... | 0 |
36,359 | Impacts of ozone on the growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat | Ollerenshaw, JH; Lyons, T | 1,999 | #Seed of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Riband) was sown on 29 August 1992 in eight field plots. Four plots were exposed to elevated ozone (O3) concentrations on 16 days between 29 August and 2 October 1992, for 6 h day-1, and on 27 days between 29 March and 24 August 1993, for 7 h day-1. Mean daily O3 concentra... | 0 |
26,412 | Growth and yield responses of spring wheat to increasing carbon dioxide, ozone and physiological stresses: a statistical analysis of 'ESPACE-wheat' results | Bender, J; Herstein, U; Black, CR | 1,999 | One of the major goals of the European Stress Physiology and Climate Experiment (ESPACE-wheat) was to investigate the sensitivity of wheat growth and productivity to the combined effects of changes in CO2 concentration, ozone and other physiological stresses. Experiments were performed at different sites throughout Eur... | 0 |
10,940 | Upper airway inflammation in children exposed to ambient ozone and potential signs of adaptation | Kopp, MV; Ulmer, C; Ihorst, G; Seydewitz, HH; Frischer, T; Forster, J; Kuehr, J | 1,999 | In order to investigate nasal inflammation and subsequent adaptation after ambient ozone exposure, nasal lavage (NL) fluid was collected from 170 school children on 11 occasions (time points) between March and October.
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), albumin and leukocytes were quantified as markers of nasal inflamm... | 0 |
3,532 | Modeling of air pollution and its relationship with mortality and morbidity in Madrid, Spain | Diaz, J; Garcia, R; Ribera, P; Alberdi, JC; Hernandez, E; Pajares, MS; Otero, A | 1,999 | Madrid Regional Authority Board of Education and Culture. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the association between air pollution and mortality and morbidity is becoming ever more complex owing to changes in innercity air pollution, marked by decreasing values for all main pollutants save those associated with traffic. This has... | 0 |
13,027 | Association between levels of fine particulate and emergency visits for pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses among children in Santiago, Chile | Ilabaca, M; Olaeta, I; Campos, E; Villaire, J; Tellez-Rojo, MM; Romieu, I | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Chilean Ministry of Health; Pan American Health Organization. Recent evidence has implicated the fine fraction of particulate as the major contributor to the increase in mortality and morbidity related to particulate ambient levels. We th... | 0 |
1,209 | Long-lasting effects of chronic ozone exposure on rat nasal epithelium | Harkema, JR; Hotchkiss, JA; Barr, EB; Bennett, CB; Gallup, M; Lee, JK; Basbaum, C | 1,999 | Ozone, the principal oxidant pollutant in photochemical smog, causes airway epithelial injury in the upper and lower respiratory tract of laboratory animals. We have recently reported that long-term inhalation exposure to ozone causes mucous-cell metaplasia (MCM) in the surface epithelium lining the nasal airways of F3... | 1 |
39,070 | Study of atmospheric ozone formation by means of a neural network-based model | Guardani, R; Nascimento, CAO; Guardani, MLG; Martins, MHRB; Romano, J | 1,999 | null | 0 |
80,078 | A case-control study of melanomas of the soles and palms (Australia and Scotland) | Green, A; Mccredie, M; Mackie, R; Giles, G; Young, P; Morton, C; Jackman, L; Thursfield, V | 1,999 | OBJECTIVES: Because the factors that influence risk of acral melanomas on the soles and palms in White populations are unknown, we investigated these in a multi-center case-control study. METHODS: Cases of melanoma of the feet and hands diagnosed from 1987-93 in persons aged over 18 years were ascertained in eastern Au... | 0 |
47,187 | On the NO2 + soot reaction in the atmosphere | Aumont, B; Madronich, S; Ammann, M; Kalberer, M; Baltensperger, U; Hauglustaine, D; Brocheton, F | 1,999 | Recent modeling studies have suggested that soot is a key component of tropospheric chemistry in remote regions, acting to reduce HNO3 to NO2 and possibly NO2 to NO. It may be expected then that soot also affects the chemistry of rural and urban areas, where soot concentrations are typically several orders of magnitude... | 0 |
1,263 | In vivo and in vitro effect of ozone and formaldehyde on human nasal mucociliary transport system | Schafer, D; Brommer, C; Riechelmann, H; Mann, JW | 1,999 | The effect of ozone and formaldehyde on the nasal mucociliary transport system after short-term exposure was comparatively evaluated in human by using in vivo and In vitro test systems. Concentrations of ozone used were 10, 100, 500 and 1000 "mu"g/rn3 of ozone and of formaldehyde 100, 500 and 5000 "mu"g/m3. The in vivo... | 0 |
36,600 | Ventilation of greenhouses increases honey bee foraging activity on melon, Cucumis melo | Dag, A; Eisikowitch, D | 1,999 | Melons are grown in Israel in 'walk-through' tunnel greenhouses. We compared honey bee (Apis mellifera) foraging activity and melon nectar characteristics in well-ventilated and in closed greenhouses. Foraging activity in the open greenhouses was two- to five-fold greater than that in the closed greenhouses. This highe... | 0 |
13,200 | 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution | Calderon-Garciduenas, L; Wen-Wang, L; Zhang, YJ; Rodriguez-Alcaraz, A; Osnaya, N; Villarreal-Calderon, A; Santella, RM | 1,999 | Southwest metropolitan Mexico City children are repeatedly exposed to high levels of a complex mixture of air pollutants, including ozone, particulate matter, aldehydes, metals, and nitrogen oxides. We explored nasal cell 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a major mutagenic lesion producing G<rt arrow>T transversion... | 0 |
17,883 | Traditional reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses in epidemiology | Blettner, M; Sauerbrei, W; Schlehofer, B; Scheuchenpflug, T; Friedenreich, C | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: The use of review articles and meta-analysis has become an important part of epidemiological research, mainly for reconciling previously conducted studies that have inconsistent results. Numerous methodologic issues particularly with respect to biases and the use of meta-analysis are still controversial. ME... | 0 |
1,262 | Acute airway effects of formaldehyde and ozone in BALB/c mice | Nielsen, GD; Hougaard, KS; Larsen, ST; Hammer, M; Wolkoff, P; Clausen, PA; Wilkins, CK; Alarie, Y | 1,999 | #1. Concentration and time-effect relationships of formaldehyde and ozone on the airways were investigated in BALB/c mice. The effects were obtained by continuous monitoring of the respiratory rate, tidal volume: expiratory flow rate, time of inspiration, time of expiration, and respiratory patterns. 2. With concentrat... | 0 |
23,215 | Atmospheric particle size distributions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their implications for wet and dry deposition | Kaupp, H; Mclachlan, MS | 1,999 | Concurrent measurements of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in different size fractions of atmospheric particulate matter are presented for a winter and a summer sampling period. The PCDD/Fs and PAHs were primarily associated with particles of <1.... | 0 |
47,105 | Reactions of tropospheric condensed matter Plenary lecture | Ravishankara, AR; Longfellow, CA | 1,999 | Reactions on/in condensed media play important roles in the chemistry of the troposphere. These reactions can be classified as heterogeneous reactions, those occurring on the surfaces of solids, and multiphase reactions, those occurring inside a liquid droplet. A few general considerations in the treatment of heterogen... | 0 |
1,261 | Mechanisms of ozone-induced inhibitory effect of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid on alveolar macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity in rats | Koike, E; Kobayashi, T; Murakami, M; Mcwilliam, AS; Holt, PG | 1,999 | Resident alveolar macrophages (AM) play an important immunomodulatory role via suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, and nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in tbis immunosuppression of AM. Our previous report suggested that during ozone (03)-induced lung inflammation, bron- choalveolar lavage fluid (HALF) inhibi... | 0 |
1,208 | Inflammatory and antioxidant gene expression in C57BL/6J mice after lethal and sublethal ozone exposures | Johnston, CJ; Stripp, BR; Reynolds, SD; Avissar, NE; Reed, CK; Finkelstein, JN | 1,999 | Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive and toxic oxidant pollutant. The objective of this study is to compare cytokine, chemokine, and metallothionein (Mt) changes elicited by lethal and sublethal exposure to ozone in a genetically sensitive strain of mice. Eight-week-old C57BL/6F mice were exposed to 0.3 ppm ozone for 0, 2... | 0 |
2,433 | Back to the drawing board Now that the Court of Appeals has remanded its air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter, what next for the EPA? | Langworthy, LM | 1,999 | INTRODUCTION: In July 1997, after a highly contentious rule-making, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated stringent new National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for both ozone and particulate matter. The new standards included primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) eight-hour NA... | 0 |
53,094 | Changes in free-radical scavengers describe the susceptibility of Pinus ponderosa to ozone in southern Californian forests | Tausz, M; Bytnerowicz, A; Weidner, W; Arbaugh, MJ; Padgett, P; Grill, D | 1,999 | Damage of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex P. and C. Laws, in the San Bernardino Mountains in Southern California is a well-known example for ozone-phytotoxic effects in forests. In October 1997. needles were collected at the severely impacted Dogwood plot where pines showing severe crown shinning ('symptomatic') and asymptos... | 0 |
13,031 | Characteristics of urban ground-level ozone in Korea | Jo, WK; Nam, CW | 1,999 | This study considers the characteristics of ground-level ozone (O3) in five Korean cities over a time period of 6-8 years. The focus of this study is daily maximum 1-hr and 8-hr concentrations. For all the study cities in the period examined, the mean and most of the percentiles (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95) for the ... | 0 |
87,243 | A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution: I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity | Peters, JM; Avol, E; Navidi, W; London, SJ; Gauderman, WJ; Lurmann, F; Linn, WS; Margolis, H; Rappaport, E; Gong, H, Jr; Thomas, DC | 1,999 | California Air Resources Board; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Hastings Foundation. #To study possible chronic respiratory effects of air pollutants, we initiated a 10-yr prospective cohortstudy of Southern California children, with a study design focused on f... | 1 |
37,946 | Kinetics and mechanism of the acetylperoxy + HO2 reaction | Crawford, MA; Wallington, TJ; Szente, JJ; Maricq, MM; Francisco, JS | 1,999 | The reaction of HO2 with CH3C(O)O-2 is examined using flash photolysis and FTIR smog chamber techniques. Time-resolved UV spectroscopy is used to follow the transient peroxy species. It yields reasonable concentration versus time profiles for CH3C(O)O-2 and HO2, but indicates anomalously high levels of secondary CH3O2 ... | 0 |
9,765 | Ozone indices based on simple meterorological parameters: potentials and limitations of regression and neural network models | Soja, G; Soja, AM | 1,999 | null | 0 |
35,264 | Net primary production of a forest ecosystem with experimental CO2 enrichment | Delucia, EH; Hamilton, JG; Naidu, SL; Thomas, RB; Andrews, JA; Finzi, A; Lavine, M; Matamala, R; Mohan, JE; Hendrey, GR; Schlesinger, WH | 1,999 | The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide was increased by 200 microliters per liter in a forest plantation, where competition between organisms, resource limitations, and environmental stresses may modulate biotic responses. After 2 years the growth rate of the dominant pine trees increased by about 26 percent r... | 0 |
87,237 | A study of twelve southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution: II. Effects on pulmonary function | Peters, JM; Avol, E; Gauderman, WJ; Linn, WS; Navidi, W; London, SJ; Margolis, H; Rappaport, E; Vora, H; Gong, H, Jr; Thomas, DC | 1,999 | To study the possible chronic respiratory effects of air pollutants, we designed and initiated a 10-yr prospective study of Southern California public schoolchildren living in 12 communities with different levels and profiles of air pollution. The design of the study, exposure assessment methods, and survey methods and... | 1 |
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