REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
53,508 | The role of BrNO3 in marine tropospheric chemistry: a model study | Sander, R; Rudich, Y; Von Glasow, R; Crutzen, PJ | 1,999 | Laboratory studies have shown that bromine nitrate (BrNO3) reacts on sulfuric acid and on ice particles. Here we investigate the potential role of BrNO3 in the marine boundary layer (mbl) assuming that it reacts on sea-sal tparticles as well. Using the chemical box model MOCCA we find that heterogeneous reactions of Br... | 0 |
51,288 | Production and removal of aerosol in a polluted fog layer: Model evaluation and fog effect on PM | Lillis, D; Cruz, CN; Collett, J, Jr; Richards, LW; Pandis, SN | 1,999 | A radiation fog physics, gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry model is evaluated against measurements in three sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California (SJV) during the winter of 1995. The measurements include for the first time vertically resolved fog chemical composition measurements. Overall the model is successful... | 0 |
30,138 | Elevated CO2 does not provide protection against ozone considering the activity of several antioxidant enzymes in the leaves of sugar maple | Niewiadomska, E; Gaucher-Veilleux, C; Chevrier, N; Mauffette, Y; Dizengremel, P | 1,999 | Seedlings of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsch.) were exposed for 46 days to 700 ppm of CO2, 200 ppb of ozone, and 700 ppm of CO2 + 200 ppb of ozone. A significant increase in the activity of H2O2 scavenging enzymes, i.e. ascorbate peroxidase [EC 1.11.1.11] and catalase [EC 1.11.1.6], was measured due to the action of... | 0 |
1,260 | Efectos a corto plazo de la contaminacion atmosferica sobre la mortalidad resultados del proyecto EMECAM en la ciudad de Valencia, 1994-1996 [The short-term impact of air pollution on the mortality results of the EMECAM project in the city of Valencia, 1994-1996]. | Tenias Burillo, JM; Perez-Hoyos, S; Molina Quilis, R; Gonzalez-Aracil, J; Ballester Diez, F | 1,999 | null | 0 |
897 | Relationship between ozone and respiratory health in college students: a 10-year study | Koenig, JQ | 1,999 | Ozone is the most persistent, intractable air pollutant in urban air. In 1995, over 70 million people in the United States lived in areas not meeting the 1-hr U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ozone standard (1). In 1997 the EPA tightened the standards for ozone to 0.08 ppm averaged over 8 hr. It is well known... | 0 |
90,551 | The relative importance of various pathways for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in sunlit continental fair weather clouds | Warneck, P | 1,999 | A simple box model of a sunlit small cumulus cloud has been used to explore the efficiency of various chemical reactions contributing to the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in clouds. The principal aqueous-phase processes of sulfur(IV) oxidation are reactions with ozone, with hydroperoxides, with OH ra... | 0 |
633,867 | Tutorial in biostatistics. An introduction to hierarchical linear modelling | Sullivan, LM; Dukes, KA; Losina, E | 1,999 | Hierarchical linear models are useful for understanding relationships in hierarchical data structures, such as patients within hospitals or physicians within hospitals. In this tutorial we provide an introduction to the technique in general terms, and then specify model notation and assumptions in detail. We describe e... | 0 |
7,619 | Air pollution in cities | Mayer, H | 1,999 | Air quality in cities is the result of a complex interaction between natural and anthropogenic environmental conditions. Air pollution in cities is a serious environmental problem - especially in the developing countries. The air pollution path of the urban atmosphere consists of emission and transmission of air pollut... | 0 |
11,640 | Biological and clinical effects of ozone Has ozone therapy a future in medicine? | Bocci, V | 1,999 | Although ozone therapy has been used as an alternative medical approach for four decades, it has encountered scepticism, if not outright objection, by orthodox medicine. This prejudice is not unjustified because ozone therapy often has been used without rational basis or appropriate controls. With the advent of precise... | 0 |
893 | Mortality and air pollution: Associations persist with continued advances in research methodology | Pope, CA III | 1,999 | #In this issue of Environmental Health Perspectives there are papers by Fairley, Neas et al., and Lee and Schwartz. Although these papers present different approaches, they provide a reasonable representation of state-of-the-art epidemiologic research that evaluates daily changes in mortality and air pollution. The aut... | 0 |
11,833 | Compromised concentrations of ascorbate in fluid lining the respiratory tract in human subjects after exposure to ozone | Mudway, IS; Krishna, MT; Frew, AJ; Macleod, D; Sandstrom, T; Holgate, ST; Kelly, FJ | 1,999 | OBJECTIVES: Ozone (O3) imposes an oxidative burden on the lung in two ways. Firstly, directly as a consequence of its oxidising character during exposure, and secondly, indirectly by engendering inflammation. In this study the second pathway was considered by ascertaining the impact of O3 on the redox state of the flui... | 1 |
46,949 | Ozone decay rates in residences | Lee, K; Vallarino, J; Dumyahn T; Ozkaynak, H; Spengler, J | 1,999 | In urban and suburban settings, indoor ozone exposures can represent a significant fraction of an individual's total exposure. The decay rate, one of the factors determining indoor ozone concentrations, is inadequately understood in residences. Decay rates were calculated by introducing outdoor air containing 80-160 pa... | 0 |
13,202 | Air pollution and allergic and nonallergic airway disease | Kunkel, G; Schierhorn, K | 1,999 | There is evidence that the incidence of allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, and eczema has increased. A number of epidemiological and laboratory-based studies have suggested that air pollution (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and diesel exhaust particles) may play an important role in the clinical manifestation of all... | 0 |
36,320 | Natural and man-made selection for air pollution resistance | Barnes, J; Bender, J; Lyons, T; Borland, A | 1,999 | All manner of domestic and industrial activities lead to the injection of potentially toxic contaminants in to the air. Most have little or no discernible impact on the environment, because the resulting concentrations in the atmosphere fall well below the threshold for effects. Others attain levels that are known to e... | 0 |
625,952 | Outcomes of children of extremely low birth weight and gestational age in the 1990s | Hack, M; Fanaroff, AA | 1,999 | Advances in perinatal care have improved the chances for survival of extremely low birthweight (<800 g) and gestational age (<26 weeks) infants. A review of the world literature and our own experience reveals that at 23 weeks gestation survival ranges from 2% to 35%. At 24 weeks gestation the range is 17% to 58%, and a... | 1 |
1,206 | Clara cell secretory protein-deficient mice differ from wild-type mice in inflammatory chemokine expression to oxygen and ozone, but not to endotoxin | Johnston, CJ; Finkelstein, JN; Oberdorster, G; Reynolds, SD; Stripp, BR | 1,999 | The in vivo function of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is unknown. Biologic and biochemical properties associated with CCSP have led to speculation that it participates in pulmonary inflammatory control. Our earlier studies have demonstrated that CCSP-deficient mice are more sensitive to either hyperoxia or ozone ... | 0 |
11,281 | Critical levels for ozone ? Level II | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
1,204 | Double-blind intervention trial on modulation of ozone effects on pulmonary function by antioxidant supplements | Grievink, L; Zijlstra, AG; Ke, X; Brunekreef, B | 1,999 | The aim of this study was to investigate whether the acute effects of ozone on lung function could be modulated by antioxidant vitamin supplementation in a placebo-controlled study. Lung function was measured in Dutch bicyclists (n = 38) before and after each training session on a number of occasions (n = 380) during t... | 0 |
47,596 | On the formation of benzene oxide/oxepin in the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with benzene | Berndt, T; Boge, O; Herrmann, H | 1,999 | Product formation in the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with benzene was studied under flow-tube conditions at 13 and 100 mbar at 298 K in O2/He mixtures using direct MS, on-line FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS/FID detection. Benzene was used in a large excess, preventing consecutive reactions of products. Under all ex... | 0 |
7,591 | The environment and asthma in US inner cities | Eggleston, PA; Buckley, TJ; Breysse, PN; Wills-Karp, M; Kleeberger, SR; Jaakkola, JJK | 1,999 | The prevalence and severity of asthma has increased in the last 20 years, and the greatest increase has been seen among children and young adults living in U.S. inner cities. The reasons for this increase are obviously complex, but include environmental exposures to allergens and pollutants, changing patterns of medica... | 0 |
1,251 | Mechanisms of response to ozone exposure: the role of mast cells in mice | Kleeberger, SR; Longphre, M; Tankersley, CG | 1,999 | Acute and subacute exposure to ozone (O3) induces lung inflammation and hyperpermeability and causes epithelial injury of both upper (nasal) and lower airways. Mast cells are important regulatory cells in mice for each of these effects. Subacute and chronic O3 exposures cause epithelial injury and inflammation in termi... | 0 |
11,995 | Ambient ozone concentrations induce airway hyperresponsiveness in some rat strains | Depuydt, P; Joos, GF; Pauwels, RA | 1,999 | Ozone is known to induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in humans and animals. Previous studies in animals used high exposure levels and reported inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single low-level ozone exposure on different inbred rat strains. Nine rat strains were expose... | 1 |
12,003 | Early detection of ozone-induced hydroperoxides in epithelial cells by a novel infrared spectroscopic method | Hemmingsen, A; Allen, JT; Zhang, S; Mortensen, J; Spiteri, MA | 1,999 | In the lower atmosphere ozone is a toxic and an unwanted oxidising pollutant causing injury to the airway epithelial cells by lipid peroxidation to yield products such as phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLHP). Measurements of PLHP, which are primary oxidation products, may reflect an early susceptibility of the target cel... | 0 |
89,728 | Environmental air pollution and lung disease in children | Nicolai, T | 1,999 | #Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function in children. Respiratory symptoms in healthy children are usually nonspecific and not severe. Lower respiratory symptoms and extra use of bronchodilators will increase by about one-third with exposure to pe... | 0 |
55,212 | Relationships between synoptic climatology and atmospheric pollution of 4 US cities | Greene, JS; Kalkstein, LS; Smoyer, K | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. An evaluation of the impacts of weather on pollution, specifically, ozone and total suspended particulates concentration for Summer, is examined in four cities in the U.S.: Birmingham, Cleveland, Philadelphia, and Seattle. These cities were selected because of their different clim... | 0 |
12,086 | Vitamin C, uric acid, and glutathione gradients in murine stratum corneum and their susceptibility to ozone exposure | Weber, SU; Thiele, JJ; Cross, CE; Packer, L | 1,999 | The stratum corneum has been recognized as the main cutaneous oxidation target of atmospheric ozone (O3), a major part of photochemical smog. This study reports the presence and distribution of vitamin C, glutathione, and uric acid in murine stratum corneum, and evaluates their susceptibility to acute environmental exp... | 0 |
12,067 | Attenuation of ozone-induced lung injury by interleukin-10 | Reinhart, PG; Gupta, SK; Bhalla, DK | 1,999 | Ozone (O3), an oxidant air pollutant, is capable of producing pulmonary inflammation and injury. Exposure to O3 results in the release of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) by alveolar macrophages. In addition, O3 exposure results in an increased expression... | 0 |
950 | Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: an ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-8 | Bobak, M; Leon, DA | 1,999 | Objectives-Outdoor air pollution has consistently been shown to predict mortality. The finding that this association is stronger in infants than in children or adults raises the question whether air pollution could also be related to pregnancy outcomes-such as birthweight and stillbirth. The association between outdoor... | 0 |
52,514 | The Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (NOMHICE): task 3 | Apel, EC; Calvert, JG; Gilpin, TM; Fehsenfeld, FC; Parrish, DD; Lonneman, WA | 1,999 | The Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Intercomparison Experiment (NOMHICE) was designed to evaluate current analytical methods used to determine mixing ratios of atmospheric nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), A series of planned experiments, or tasks, were implemented to test the analytical methods in a graduated fashion. Tasks 1 a... | 0 |
47,107 | Transmission FT-IR and Knudsen cell study of the heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitrogen dioxide on mineral oxide particles | Underwood, GM; Miller, TM; Grassian, VH | 1,999 | SUMMARY The heterogeneous reactivity of gaseous nitrogen dioxide on mineral oxide particles was investigated. In particular, spectroscopic and kinetic measurements have been made to investigate surface reactions of NO2 on A1203, Fe2O3, and TiO2 at 298 K. Both gas-phase and surface-bound products are formed from the ... | 0 |
11,195 | Air pollution and daily mortality in Inchon, Korea | Hong, YC; Leem, JH; Ha, EH | 1,999 | The association between total daily mortality and air pollution was investigated for a 1-year period (January 1995 to December 1995) in Inchon, Korea. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of particulate and gaseous air pollution as predictors of daily mortality. Concentration of total suspe... | 0 |
22,101 | Increased specific airway reactivity of persons with mild allergic asthma after 7.6 hours of exposure to 0.16 ppm ozone | Kehrl, HR; Peden, DB; Ball, B; Folinsbee, LJ; Horstman, D | 1,999 | Background: Exposure to ozone causes decrements in lung function, increased airway reactivity to nonspecific bronchoconstrictors, and lung inflammation. Epidemiology studies show an association between ambient oxidant levels and increased asthma attacks and hospital admissions. Objective: The purpose of our study was t... | 1 |
58,293 | Persistent airway inflammation but accomodated antioxidant and lung function responses after repeated daily exposure to nitrogen dioxide | Blomberg, A; Krishna, MT; Helleday, R; Soderberg, M; Ledin, MC; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST; Sandstrom, T | 1,999 | Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a common indoor and outdoor air pollutant that may induce deterioration of respiratory health. In this study the effects of repeated daily exposure to NO2 on airway antioxidant status, inflammatory cell and mediator responses, and lung function were examined. Healthy nonsmoking subjects were e... | 0 |
47,559 | Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in nonsmokers | Abbey, DE; Nishino, N; McDonnell, WF; Burchette, RJ; Knutsen, SF; Beeson, WL; Yang, JX | 1,999 | Long-term ambient concentrations of inhalable particles less than 10 mum in diameter (PM10) (1973-1992) and other air pollutants-total suspended sulfates, sulfur dioxide, ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide-were related to 1977-1992 mortality in a cohort of 6,338 nonsmoking California Seventh-day Adventists. In both sexes... | 1 |
78,591 | Air pollution and daily mortality in Seoul and Ulsan, Korea | Lee, JT; Shin, D; Chung, Y | 1,999 | The relationship between air pollution and daily mortality for the period 1991-1995 was examined in two Korean cities, Seoul and Ulsan. The observed concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2; mean = 28.7 ppb), ozone (O3; mean = 29.2 ppb), and total suspended particulates (TSP; mean = 82.3 "mu"g/m3) during the study period ... | 0 |
155,792 | A theoretical basis for investigating ambient air pollution and children's respiratory health | Gilliland, FD; Mcconnell, R; Peters, J; Gong, , Jr | 1,999 | Acute respiratory health effects in children from exposure at current ambient levels of ozone are well documented; however, evidence for acute effects from other criteria pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and respirable particles is inconsistent. Whether chronic effects result from long-term exposure to any of these ... | 1 |
58,731 | Ozone-induced airway inflammatory changes differ between individuals and are reproducible | Holz, O; Jorres, RA; Timm, P; Mucke, M; Richter, K; Koschyk, S; Magnussen, H | 1,999 | To study whether the individual inflammatory response to ozone was reproducible, dose-dependent,and time-dependent, we performed two exposures to 250 ppb ozone, one to 125 ppb and one to filtered air, each for 3 h of intermittent exercise and separated by at least 1 wk. Twenty-one healthy and 15 asthmatic subjects part... | 1 |
1,254 | Alteration of epithelial integrity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and fibronectin expression in lungs of rats exposed to ozone | Bhalla, DK; Gupta, SK; Reinhart, PG | 1,999 | The deleterious effects of ozone (O3), an oxidant air pollutant, in the lung are dependent on dose and exposure duration and generally evolve with time post exposure. This study characterized the time sequence of epithelial injury and fibronectin expression in the lungs of rats exposed to O3. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BA... | 0 |
1,202 | Regional clearance of solute from peripheral airway epithelia: Recovery after sublobar exposure to ozone | Foster, WM; Freed, AN | 1,999 | The influence of local exposure to ozone (O3) on respiratory epithelial permeability of sublobar lung segments was studied by using aerosolized 99m Tc-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA; mol wt, 492). Two bronchoscopes were inserted through an endotracheal tube in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, mixed bre... | 1 |
15,135 | Modelling asthma epidemics on the relationship between air pollution and asthma emergency visits in Barcelona, Spain | Tobias, A; Campbell, MJ; Saez, M | 1,999 | #We have investigated different methods of controlling for asthma epidemics in the time series regression of the relationship between air pollution and asthma emergency visits in Barcelona, Spain. The relationship between air pollution and asthma emergency room visits was modelled using autoregressive Poisson models. W... | 0 |
15,121 | Identification of acrolein from the ozone oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids | Medina-Navarro, R; Mercado-Pichardo, E; Hernandez-Perez, O; Hicks, JJ | 1,999 | By-products of lipoperoxidation reactions may be associated with the genesis or the progression of several diseases as arteriosclerosis, diabetes and cancer, among many others. Acrolein, at first a widely distributed environmental pollutant, is currently known as a compound capable of being generated as a result of met... | 0 |
15,112 | Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: A comparison to ozone absorption | Nodelman, V; Ultman, JS | 1,999 | The bolus inhalation method was used to measure the fraction of inhaled chlorine (Cl(2)) and ozone (O(3)) absorbed during a single breath as a function of longitudinal position in the respiratory system of 10 healthy nonsmokers during oral and nasal breathing at respired flows of 150, 250, and 1,000 ml/s. At all experi... | 1 |
979 | Adsorption of NO2 on carbon aerosol particles in the low ppb range | Kalberer, M; Ammann, M; Gaggeler, HW; Baltensperger, U | 1,999 | The interaction of NO2 on carbonaceous aerosol particles in an NO2 concentration range relevant for the troposphere was studied. The adsorption as a function of NO2 concentration (2.5-65ppb) was investigated along with the dependence on time (1-600s) and particle concentration. The results exhibit a zero-order process ... | 0 |
12,049 | A comparison of biomarkers of ozone exposure in human plasma, nasal lavage, and sputum | Liu, L; Leech, JA; Urch, RB; Poon, R; Zimmerman, B; Kubay, JM; Silverman, FS | 1,999 | Health Canada (project K281218). We examined ozone-induced upper and lower airway inflammatory responses and the concentrations of hydroxylated salicylate metabolites using nasal lavage fluid and induced sputum, in order to identify noninvasive and sensitive biomarkers for ozone exposure and effects. A time course for ... | 1 |
87,204 | O3-induced inflammation in prepregnant, pregnant, and lactating rats correlates with O3 dose estimated by 18O | Gunnison, AF; Hatch, GE | 1,999 | Previous studies have shown that rats late in pregnancy and throughout lactation are more susceptible to ozone (O3)-induced pulmonary inflammation than are prepregnant (virgin) or postlactating rats. The major aim of the present study was to determine whether these differences in response intensity could be accounted f... | 1 |
15,326 | Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss | McKenzie, R; Connor, B; Bodeker, G | 1,999 | Long-term decreases in summertime ozone over Lauder, New Zealand (45'degrees'S), are shown to have led to substantial increases in peak ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensities. In the summer of 1998-99, the peak sunburning UV radiation was about 12 percent more than in the first years of the decade. Larger increases wer... | 0 |
57,516 | The molecular pathways of ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis | Sarasin, A | 1,999 | #Cancer development requires the accumulation of numerous genetic changes which are usually believed to occur through the presence of unrepaired DNA lesions. Exogenous or endogenous DNA-damaging agents can lead to mutations in the absence of efficient error-free repair, via replication of DNA damage. Several DNA repair... | 0 |
41,488 | Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy | Dejmek, J; Selevan, SG; Benes, I; Solansky, I; Sram, RJ | 1,999 | Czech Ministry of Environment; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; CEC. #Prior studies reported an association between ambient air concentrations of total suspended particles and SO2 during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We examined the possible impact of particulate matter up to 10 Am (PM10) and up to 2.5... | 0 |
1,255 | Effects of pre-existing rhinitis on ozone-induced mucous cell metaplasia in rat nasal epithelium | Cho, HY; Hotchkiss, JA; Bennett, CB; Harkema, JR | 1,999 | Ozone causes rhinitis and nasal epithelial alterations. The toxicity of ozone on nasal airways with pre-existing rhinitis has not been investigated. The present study was designed to determine the effect of endotoxin-induced rhinitis on ozone-induced epithelial alterations, especially mucous cell metaplasia (MCM), in t... | 0 |
12,089 | Differential expression of stress proteins in nonhuman primate lung and conducting airway after ozone exposure | Wu, R; Zhao, YH; Plopper, CG; Chang, MM; , | 1,999 | The presence of seven stress proteins including various heat shock proteins [27-kDa (HSP27), 60-kDa (HSP60), 70-kDa (HSP70) and its constitutive form HSC70, and 90-kDa (HSP90) HSPs] and two glucose-regulated proteins [75-kDa (GRP75) and 78-kDa (GRP78) GRPs] in ozone-exposed lungs of nonhuman primates and in cultured tr... | 0 |
1,203 | Determination of low-molecular-mass antioxidant concentrations in human respiratory tract lining fluids | van der Vliet, A; O'Neill, CA; Cross, CE; Koostra, JM; Volz, WG; Halliwell, B; Louie, S | 1,999 | Antioxidants present within lung epithelial lining fluids (ELFs) constitute an initial line of defense against inhaled environmental oxidants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and tobacco smoke, but the antioxidant composition of human ELFs is still incompletely characterized. We analyzed ELF concentrations of the low-mo... | 0 |
17,012 | Operational atmospheric correction of landsat TM data | Ouaidrari, H; Vermote, E | 1,999 | The recent algorithms developed for biophysical variables assessment require accurate surface reflectance measurements. This article describes algorithms used for atmospheric correction of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Atmospheric corrections include Rayleigh scattering, gaseous absorption, and aerosol scattering ... | 0 |
3,424 | A study of the spatiotemporal health impacts of ozone exposure | Christakos, G; Kolovos, A | 1,999 | Exposure analysis and mapping of spatiotemporal pollutants in relation to their health effects are important challenges facing environmental health scientists and integrated assessment modellers. In this work, a methodological framework is discussed to study the impact of spatiotemporal ozone (03) exposure distribution... | 0 |
1,147 | Ozone effects on the immediate-phase response to allergen in the nasal airways of allergic asthmatic subjects | Michelson, PH; Dailey, L; Devlin, RB; Peden, DB | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Epidemiologic and clinical trials have suggested that exposure to ozone increases airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory response to inhaled nasal allergen challenge in allergic asthmatic subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated ... | 0 |
52,393 | A model for studies of tropospheric photochemistry: description, global distributions and evaluation | Lawrence, MG; Crutzen, PJ; Rasch, PJ; Eaton, BE; Mahowald, NM | 1,999 | A model of atmospheric photochemistry and transport has been developed and applied toward investigating global tropospheric chemistry. The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry - Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry version (MATCH-MPIC) is described and key characteristics of its global simulation are presented an... | 0 |
15,124 | Neutrophils enhance clearance of necrotic epithelial cells in ozone-induced lung injury in rhesus monkeys | Hyde, DM; Miller, LA; Mcdonald, RJ; Stovall, MY; Wong, V; Pinkerton, KE; Wegner, CD; Rothlein, R; Plopper, CG | 1,999 | To test the hypothesis that neutrophil influx is important for the removal of necrotic airway epithelial cells, rhesus monkeys were treated with a function-blocking monoclonal antibody (MAb) against CD18 followed by exposure to ozone or filtered air. CD18 MAb-treated, ozone-exposed monkeys showed a significant inhibiti... | 0 |
37,974 | Toluene emissions from plants | Heiden, AC; Kobel, K; Komenda, M; Koppmann, R; Shao, M; Wildt, J | 1,999 | The emission of toluene from different plants was observed in continuously stirred tank reactors and in field measurements. For plants growing without stress, emission rates were low and ranged from the detection limit up to 2.10-16 mol.cm-2 .s-1. Under conditions of stress, the emission rates exceeded 10-14 mol.cm-2.s... | 0 |
13,098 | Spectroscopic studies of inhibited opposed flow propane/air flames | Skaggs, RR; Daniel, RG; Miziolek, AW; McNesby, KL | 1,999 | Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) is used to measure OH concentration profiles in an atmospheric pressure, opposed flow, propane (C3H8)/air flame. Flame inhibiting agents CF3Br, N2, Fe(CO)5, C3F7H, C3F6H2,CH3P(O)(OCH3)2, and P3N3F6 were added to the flame and relative OH concentration profiles were measured as e... | 0 |
35,209 | Protein oxidation in human stratum corneum: susceptibility of keratins to oxidation in vitro and presence of a keratin oxidation gradient in vivo | Thiele, JJ; Hsieh, SN; Briviba, K; Sies, H | 1,999 | The stratum corneum is located at the interface between body and environment and thus is constantly exposed to a pro-oxidative environment. Previously, we have demonstrated that stratum corneum lipids are targets of oxidative stress induced by ozone and by ultraviolet A and B exposure. Here, we employed an immunoblotti... | 0 |
90,816 | Effect of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray on allergen-induced inflammatory changes in the nasal airways of allergic rhinitics following exposure to nitrogen dioxide | Wang, JH; Devalia, JL; Rusznak, C; Bagnall, A; Sapsford, RJ; Davies, RJ | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: The authors have recently demonstrated that prior exposure for 6 h to 400 p.p.b. nitrogen dioxide significantly enhances the early phase response of eosinophils in the nasal airways of allergic rhinitics to subsequent allergen provocation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether treatment with fluticasone propi... | 0 |
15,209 | Diurnal variation in lung function in subgroups from two Dutch populations Consequences for longitudinal analysis | Borsboom, GJJM; Van Pelt, W; Van Houwelingen, HC; Van Vianen, BG; Schouten, JP; Quanjer, PH | 1,999 | We studied circadian variation in FVC, FEV1, PEF, TLC, VC, and RV between 9:00 A.M. and 9:00 P.M. and analyzed how this variation affected estimated longitudinal change. Data from 876 adults were obtained in a longitudinal survey of samples from two Dutch areas. Subjects participated in four surveys held at 3-yr interv... | 0 |
47,110 | The environmental influence on childhood asthma | Bjorksten, B | 1,999 | The pathogenesis of allergy depends on the interaction between the time and amount of allergen exposure and the presence of nonspecific "adjuvant" factors in genetically susceptible individuals. There seems to be a period in early life during which the individual is particularly susceptible to sensitization, and there ... | 0 |
69,967 | Bayesian model averaging and model search strategies | Clyde, MA | 1,999 | SUMMARY: In regression models, such as generalized linear models, there is often substantial prior uncertainty about the choice of covariates to include. Conceptually, the Bayesian paradigm can easily incorporate this form of model uncertainty by building | 0 |
13,196 | Ozone-induced inflammation assessed in sputum and bronchial lavage fluid from asthmatics: A new noninvasive tool in epidemiologic studies on air pollution and asthma | Hiltermann, JTN; Lapperre, TS; Van Bree, L; Steerenberg, PA; Brahim, JJ; Sont, JK; Sterk, PJ; Hiemstra, PS; Stolk, J | 1,999 | Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning, and the Environment. #We investigated correlations between ozone-induced increases in inflammatory markers in induced sputum and in bronchial lavage fluid. Sixteen volunteers with intermittent asthma participated in a placebo-controlled parallel study with two exposures. Si... | 1 |
2,249 | Ozone emissions from a "personal air purifier" | Phillips, TJ; Bloudoff, DP; Jenkins, PL; Stroud, KR | 1,999 | Ozone emissions were measured above a "personal air purifier" (PAP) designed to be worn on a lapel, shirt pocket, or neck strap. The device is being marketed as a negative ion generator that purifies the air. However, it also produces ozone within the person's immediate breathing zone. In order to assess worst-case pot... | 0 |
898 | Long-term residence in areas of high ozone: associations with respiratory health in a nationwide sample of nonsmoking young adults | Galizia, A; Kinney, PL | 1,999 | National Heart Lung and Blood Institute; Health Effects Institute. #Few studies have examined the respiratory effects of multiyear ozone exposures in human populations. We examined associations between current respiratory health status and long-term ozone exposure histories in 520 Yale College (New Haven, CT) students... | 0 |
40,757 | Ozone exposure increases aldehydes in epithelial lining fluid in human lung | Frampton, MW; Pryor, WA; Cueto, R; Cox, C; Morrow, PE; Utell, MJ | 1,999 | We hypothesized that exposure of healthy humans to ozone causes both ozonation and peroxidation of lipids in lung epithelial lining fluid. Twelve smokers and 15 nonsmokers (eight lung function "responders"and seven "nonresponders") were exposed once to air and twice to 0.22 ppm ozone for 4 h with exercise in an environ... | 1 |
7,882 | Short-term associations between emergency hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular disease and outdoor air pollution in London | Atkinson, RW; Bremner, SA; Anderson, HR; Strachan, DP; Bland, JM; Ponce de Leon, A | 1,999 | There are concerns about the possible short-term effects of outdoor air pollution on health in the United Kingdom. In a study conducted during the time period between 1987 and 1992, investigators determined that ozone had small, but significant effects on emergency respiratory admissions. In the current study, the auth... | 1 |
80,050 | Senescence-associated gene expression during ozone-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis | Miller, JD; Arteca, RN; Pell, EJ | 1,999 | The expression patterns of senescence-related genes were determined during ozone (O3) exposure in Arabidopsis. Rosettes were treated with 0.15 AL L1 O3 for 6 h d1 for 14 d. O3-treated leaves began to yellow after 10 d of exposure, whereas yellowing was not apparent in control leaves until d 14. Transcript levels for ei... | 0 |
1,240 | Lung epithelial damage at low concentrations of ambient ozone | Broeckaert, F; Arsalane, K; Hermans, C; Bergamaschi, E; Brustolin, A; Mutti, A; Bernard, A | 1,999 | null | 0 |
1,267 | Ozone-induced lung function decrements do not correlate with early airway inflammatory or antioxidant responses | Blomberg, A; Mudway, IS; Nordenhall, C; Hedenstrom, H; Kelly, FJ; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST; Sandstrom, T | 1,999 | Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association; Swedish Work Environmental Fund; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Medical Research Council (UK). #This study sought to clarify the early events occurring within the airways of healthy human subjects performing moderate intermittent exercise following ozone challenge. Thirteen h... | 1 |
1,270 | Antioxidant consumption and repletion kinetics in nasal lavage fluid following exposure of healthy human volunteers to ozone | Mudway, IS; Blomberg, A; Frew, AJ; Holgate, ST; Sandstrom, T; Kelly, FJ | 1,999 | Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association; Swedish Work Environmental Fund; Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation; Medical Research Council (UK). #To obtain information on the real-time events occurring within human respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs) during ozone exposure, sequential nasal lavage was performed on 13 huma... | 1 |
2,473 | A theoretical basis for investigation ambient air pollution and children's respiratory health | Gilliland, FD; McConnell, R; Peters, J; Gong, H, Jr | 1,999 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; Hastings Foundation. #Acute respiratory health effects in children from exposure at current ambient levels of ozone are well documented; however, evidence for acute effects from other criteria pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide ... | 0 |
51,045 | Breathing pattern response and epithelial labeling in ozone-induced airway injury in neutrophil-depleted rats | Vesely, KR; Schelegle, ES; Stovall, MY; Harkema, JR; Green, JF; Hyde, DM | 1,999 | To test the hypothesis that neutrophils enhance the repair of ozone (O3)-injured airway epithelium, we investigated breathing pattern responses and airway epithelial injury and repair in rats depleted of neutrophils using rabbit antirat neutrophil serum (ANS) and control rats treated with normal rabbit serum (NRS). Thi... | 1 |
90,829 | Effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure on Clara cell proliferation and morphology | Barth, PJ; Muller, B | 1,999 | The present study was performed to relate Clara cell proliferation and Clara cell morphology to duration and intensity of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure as a model of lung injury in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 5, 10 and 20 ppm NO2 for three (short term exposure) and 25 days (long term exposure). Epi... | 0 |
11,418 | Production of boundary layer ozone from tropical American Savannah biomass burning emissions | Sanhueza, E; Crutzen, PJ; Fernandez, E | 1,999 | Boundary layer ozone and carbon monoxide were measured at a savannah site in the Orinoco river basin, during the dry and wet seasons. CO and O-3 concentrations recorded around noontime show a good linear correlation, suggesting that the higher ozone levels observed during the dry season are photochemically produced dur... | 0 |
36,599 | Oxygen consumption at different activity levels and ambient temperatures in isolated honeybees (Hymenoptera: apidae) | Crailsheim, K; Stabentheiner, A; Hrassnigg, N; Leonhard, B | 1,999 | Energy metabolism was measured in isolated honeybee foragers [Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann 1879] and compared with their level of activity at two ambient temperatures. Artificially immobilised bees consumed more oxygen (averages: 7.4 and 6.9 Al O(2).min(-1) at 25 "degrees" and 35 "degrees" C, respectively) than spon... | 0 |
39,020 | Animal models to study for pollutant effects | Kodavanti, UP; Costa, DL | 1,999 | I. Understanding of human pathobiology can be gained using laboratory animal models that have been developed to reflect human conditions. Studies involving animal models provide important information on biological mechanisms of initiation, progression, and resolution of toxicant-induced tissue injury. In the context of... | 0 |
11,602 | Ozone carcinogenesis revisited | Witschi, H; Espiritu, I; Pinkerton, KE; Murphy, K; Maronpot, RR | 1,999 | The question was asked whether ozone would act as a lung carcinogen in mice. To test the hypothesis, female strain A/J mice were exposed for 6 h/day, 5 days/week to 0.12 ppm, 0.5 ppm, or 1.0 ppm of ozone; control animals were kept in filtered air. No ozone-related deaths were observed at any time during the experiment.... | 0 |
52,988 | 'Free-air' ozone fumigation of mature forest trees: A concept for validitating AOT40 under stand conditions | Haberle, KH; Werner, H; Fabian, P; Pretzch, H; Reiter, I; Matyssek, R | 1,999 | The definition of exposure indices which may reflect, in a quantitative way, tree responses to ozone (O3) impact and risks of O3 injury under stand conditions has been an issue of debate for decades. During the early nineties, the concept of 'Critical Levels for Ozone' was re-defined by UN-ECE (Fuhrer & Achermann 1994;... | 0 |
13,038 | Childhood asthma | Clark, NM; Brown, RW; Parker, E; Robins, TG; Remick, DG, Jr; Philbert, MA; Keeler, GJ; Israel, BA | 1,999 | Asthma prevalence in children has increased 58% since 1980. Mortality has increased by 78%. The burden of the disease is most acute in urban areas and racial/ethnic minority populations. Hospitalization and morbidity rates for nonwhites are more than twice those for whites. Asthma is characterized by recurrent wheezin... | 0 |
37,988 | Kinetic study of the gas-phase photolysis and OH radical reaction of E,Z- and E,E-2,4-hexadienedial | Klotz, B; Barnes, I; Becker, KH | 1,999 | Unsaturated 1,6-dicarbonyls like 2,4-hexadienedial are ring opening products in the OH initiated photo-oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons. In the present study, the photolysis of E,Z- and E,E-2,4-hexadienedial has been investigated under natural sunlight conditions in a large volume outdoor reaction chamber. In the cas... | 0 |
14,135 | Estimating biologically active UV irradiance from satellite radiance measurements: a sensitivity study | Soulen, PE; Frederick, JE | 1,999 | National Aeronautics and Space Administration. An algorithm for estimating biologically active UV irradiance from satellite measurements of ozone and reflectivity is presented. In contrast to previous work, this technique treats bulk radiative properties of clouds explicitly, assuming that clouds are reflecting surface... | 0 |
1,241 | Effects of sulfhydryl compounds on the inhibition of erythrocyte membrane Na+(-)K+ ATPase by ozone | Bilgin, R; Gul, S; Tukel, SS | 1,999 | Exposure of human erythrocyte membranes to ozone (5 "mu"mol/10 min) resulted in the inhibition of erythrocyte membrane Na+(-)K+ ATPase (EC.3.6.1.39). It was determined that, the degree of enzyme inhibition in the directly ozone exposed membranes was greater than that of membranes obtained from ozone exposed intact ery... | 0 |
47,399 | Effect of emissions control strategies on the size and composition distribution of urban particulate air pollution | Kleeman, MJ; Cass, GR | 1,999 | Caltech Center for Air Quality Analysis. #The predicted behavior of the size- and chemical-composition distribution of airborne particles in the Los Angeles area is examined as it changes in response to specific emissions control strategies. Model calculations indicate that strategies currently envisioned to control th... | 0 |
37,976 | Aerosol effects on UV radiation in nonurban regions | Reuder, J; Schwander, H | 1,999 | The effect of variable tropospheric aerosol conditions on UV radiation is analyzed using both model simulations and UV radiation measurements. A sensitivity study of the aerosol effect on UV radiation is performed by numerical modeling with a focus on the dependence on wavelength, solar zenith angle, and detector geome... | 0 |
1,037 | Lung function growth and ambient ozone: A three-year population study in school children | Frischer, T; Studnicka, M; Gartner, C; Tauber, E; Horak, F; Veiter, A; Spengler, J; Kuhr, J; Urbanek, R | 1,999 | Government of Lower Austria; Austrian Science Foundation. #We followed a cohort of 1,150 children for 3 yr to investigate long-term effects of ambient ozone. Nine study sites were selected on the basis of air-quality data to represent a broad range of ozone exposure. In 1994, 1995, and 1996 lung function was recorded ... | 1 |
15,337 | Interleukin-5 production by human airway epithelial cells | Salvi, S; Semper, A; Blomberg, A; Holloway, J; Jaffar, Z; Papi, A; Teran, L; Polosa, R; Kelly, F; Sandstrom, T; Holgate, S; Frew, A | 1,999 | Interleukin (IL)-5 is a pleiotropic cytokine that exhibits biologic activity on cells of diverse hemopoieitic lineages. IL-5 enhances mediator release from human basophils and plays a pivotal role in the chemoattraction, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and activation of eosinophils. Th2- and Tc2-like T cells,... | 0 |
1,246 | Influence of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on histamine and interleukin formation in a human nasal mucosa culture system | Schierhorn, K; Zhang, M; Matthias, C; Kunkel, G | 1,999 | State of Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany [gr. # PUG L 94005]. #There is evidence that asthma and other allergic diseases are increasing and air pollution has been considered an important contributing factor to this observation. Using a specially designed organ culture system, we examined the influence of ozone (0.06 to 0.2 ... | 0 |
47,331 | OH radical formation from the gas-phase reaction of ozone with terminal alkenes and the relationship between structure and mechanism | Paulson, SE; Chung, MY; Hasson, AS | 1,999 | The reactions of ozone with alkenes have been shown recently to lead to the direct production of OH radicals in quantities that vary from 7 to 100% depending on the structure of the alkene. OH radicals are the most important oxidizing species in the lower atmosphere, and the OH-alkene reaction is a large source of new ... | 0 |
1,264 | Human isolated airway contraction: Interaction between air pollutants and passive sensitization | Roux, E; Hyvelin, JM; Savineau, JP; Marthan, R | 1,999 | Although there is epidemiological evidence that an increase in allergic diseases such as asthma maybe linked to air pollution, there is little experimental data to address this issue. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the interaction between passive sensitization and exposure to pollutants in human isolated... | 1 |
11,227 | Effect of insurance coverage on the relationship between asthma hospitalizations and exposure to air pollution | Nauenberg, E; Basu, K | 1,999 | American Lung Association of New York State. OBJECTIVE. Based on the assumption that people without health insurance have limited access to the primary care services needed to prevent unnecessary hospitalizations for asthma, the authors hypothesized that insurance is a factor in the strength of the association between ... | 0 |
47,348 | Perceived air quality, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity in an office with two different pollution loads | Wargocki, P; Wyon, DP; Baik, YK; Clausen, G; Fanger, PO | 1,999 | Perceived air quality, Sick Building Syndrome (b13S) symptoms and productivity were studied in an existing office in which the air pollution level could be modified by introducing or removing a pollution source. This reversible intervention allowed the space to be classified as either non-low-polluting or low-polluting... | 0 |
12,014 | Cutting edge: protective response to pulmonary injury requires "gamma" "delta" T lymphocytes | King, DP; Hyde, DM; Jackson, KA; Novosad, DM; Ellis, TN; Putney, L; Stovall, MY; Van Winkle, LS; Beaman, BL; Ferrick, DA | 1,999 | Gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes are thought to coordinate responses to pathogens that penetrate the epithelial barrier. To directly test this, mice were inoculated with Nocardia asteroides. At doses that were nonlethal for control mice, gamma delta-deficient mice became severely ill and died within 14 days. His... | 0 |
11,546 | Indoor air quality investigation on commercial aircraft | Lee, SC; Poon, CS; Li, XD; Luk, F | 1,999 | Sixteen flights had been investigated for indoor air quality (IAQ) on Cathay Pacific aircraft from June 1996 to August 1997. In general, the air quality on Cathay Pacific aircraft was within relevant air quality standards because the average age of aircraft was less than 2 years. Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on all flig... | 0 |
47,108 | A GEE moving average analysis of the relationship between air pollution and mortality for asthma in Barcelona, Spain | Saez, M; Tobias, A; Munoz, P; Campbell, MJ | 1,999 | Several studies have assessed the association between air pollution and hospital admissions or emergency room visits for asthma . Because of both the presence of missing data and the small number of observations, the relationship between air pollution and mortality for respiratory causes has been rarely analysed, and w... | 0 |
1,035 | Air pollution and lung function growth Is it ozone? | Tager, IB | 1,999 | The effects on lung function of exposure to ambient air pollution have been the focus of a great deal of epidemiologic and experimental research, especially over the last two decades (1). The vast majority of epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies have investigated the effects of acute exposure on short-term res... | 0 |
5,653 | Assessment of pollutant emissions from dry-process photocopiers | Brown, SK | 1,999 | Processes involved in pollutant emissions from a dry-process photocopier have been investigated in a controlled room dynamic environmental chamber. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions occurred at a constant rate dependent on copy speed. However, VOC emission rates per copy were increased by increases in chamber t... | 0 |
38,073 | Size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons--gas/particle partitioning to urban aerosols | Venkataraman, C; Thomas, S; Kulkarni, P | 1,999 | PAH size distributions were measured at Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India, to examine PAH partitioning to multimodal urban aerosols. Bimodal size distributions were obtained with a predominance of non-volatile PAH species in the fine mode and semi-volatile PAH species in the coarse mode. We develop size-resolved PAH gas/... | 0 |
1,201 | Centriacinar remodeling and sustained procollagen gene expression after exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide | Farman, CA; Watkins, K; Van Hoozen, B; Last, JA; Witschi, H; Pinkerton, KE | 1,999 | Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone (O3), to 14.4 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or to both gases simultaneously for 6 h per day for up to 90 d. The extent of histopathologic changes within the central acinus of the lungs was compared after 7 or 78 to 90 d of exposure using morphometric analysis by placement... | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.