REFERENCE_ID int64 273 7.3M | TITLE stringlengths 4 390 | AUTHORS stringlengths 5 1.43k ⌀ | YEAR int64 1.85k 2.02k ⌀ | ABSTRACT stringlengths 1 18.4k ⌀ | CITED int64 0 1 |
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43,637 | Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing | Janssens, JP; Pache, JC; Nicod, LP | 1,999 | Physiological ageing of the lung is associated with dilatation of alveoli, enlargement of airspaces, decrease in exchange surface area and loss of supporting tissue for peripheral airways ("senile emphysema"), changes resulting in decreased static elastic recoil of the lung and increased residual volume and functional ... | 0 |
17,269 | Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations | Burnett, RT; Smith-Doiron, M; Stieb, D; Cakmak, S; Brook, JR | 1,999 | We obtained data on daily numbers of admissions to hospital in Toronto, Canada, from 1980 to 1994 for respiratory, cardiac, cerebral vascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. We then linked the data to daily measures of particulate mass less than 10 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), particulate mass less than 2... | 0 |
896 | Daily mortality and air pollution in Santa Clara County, California: 1989-1996 | Fairley, D | 1,999 | Since the last revision of the national particulate standards, there has been a profusion of epidemiologic research showing associations between particulates and health effects--mortality in particular. Supported by this research, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency promulgated a national standard for particulate ... | 0 |
7,028 | Air pollution and bronchitic symptoms in southern California children with asthma | Mcconnell, R; Berhane, K; Gilliland, F; London, SJ; Vora, H; Avol, E; Gauderman, WJ; Margolis, HG; Lurmann, F; Thomas, DC; Peters, JM | 1,999 | California Air Resources Board; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. #The association of air pollution with the prevalence of chronic lower respiratory tract symptoms among children with a history of asthma or related symptoms was examined in a cross-sectional study... | 1 |
1,239 | Ozone-induced lung inflammation and mucosal barrier disruption: toxicology, mechanisms, and implications | Bhalla, DK | 1,999 | The airway epithelial lining serves as an efficient barrier against penetration of exogenous particles and macromolecules. Disruption of this barrier following O3 exposure represents a state of compromised epithelial defenses leading to increased transmucosal permeability. Although the barrier disruption following an ... | 0 |
895 | Reanalysis of the effects of air pollution on daily mortality in Seoul, Korea: a case-crossover design | Lee, JT; Schwartz, J | 1,999 | We used the case-crossover design to identify any increase in mortality in Seoul, Korea, when there were higher levels of ambient air pollution on case-days than would be expected solely as a result of chance. This empirical study showed that either unidirectional retrospective (selecting only control days prior to dea... | 0 |
40,705 | Overshoot bias and the national ozone standard | Fairley, D | 1,999 | null | 0 |
87,288 | Air pollution and infant mortality in Mexico City | Loomis, D; Castillejos, M; Gold, DR; Mcdonnell, W; Borja-Aburto, VH | 1,999 | U.S. Environemtnal Protection Agency; Mexico-US Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange; Edward and Amalie Kass Fellowship at Harvard Medical School. #Historic air pollution episodes of the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality, and some recent epidemiologic studies suggest that infant or child mort... | 1 |
36,376 | Ozone-induced cell death occurs via two distinct mechanisms in Arabidopsis: the role of salicylic acid | Rao, M; Davis, KR | 1,999 | Previous studies suggest that salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in influencing plant resistance to ozone (O3). To further define the role of SA in O3-induced responses, responses were compared in two Arabidopsis genotypes that accumulate different amounts of SA in response to O3 and a SA-deficient transgenic ... | 0 |
7,027 | Examining associations between childhood asthma and traffic flow using a geographic information system | English, P; Neutra, R; Scalf, R; Sullivan, M; Waller, L; Zhu, L | 1,999 | Using geographic information systems (GIS) and routinely collected data, we explored whether childhood residence near busy roads was associated with asthma in a low-income population in San Diego County, California. We examined the locations of residences of 5,996 children less than or equal to 14 years of age who were... | 0 |
35,337 | Foliar absorption and use of airborne oxidized nitrogen by terrestrial plants | Nussbaum, S; Ammann, M; Fuhrer, J | 1,999 | null | 0 |
1,217 | Capsaicin-sensitive C-fiber-mediated protective responses in ozone inhalation in rats | Vesely, KR; Hyde, DM; Stovall, MY; Harkema, JR; Green, JF; Schelegle, ES | 1,999 | To assess the role of lung sensory C fibers during and after inhalation of 1 part/million ozone for 8 h, we compared breathing pattern responses and epithelial injury-inflammation-repair in rats depleted of C fibers by systemic administration of capsaicin as neonates and in vehicle-treated control animals. Capsaicin-tr... | 0 |
1,248 | A preliminary statistical examination of the effects of uncertainty and variability on environmental regulatory criteria for ozone | Cox, LH; Guttorp, P; Sampson, PD; Caccia, DC; Thompson, ML | 1,999 | Basing the quantitative expression of environmental regulatory standards and associated compliance criteria on statistical principles has recently received attention in Europe, most visibly in a study by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. These issues are timely for consideration in the USA, where a re... | 0 |
1,210 | Airway inflammatory response to ozone in subjects with different asthma severity | Vagaggini, B; Carnevali, S; Macchioni, P; Taccola, M; Fornai, E; Bacci, E; Bartoli, ML; Cianchetti, S; Dente, FL; Di Franco, A; Giannini, D; PaggiaroPL | 1,999 | The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ozone exposure induces a similar airway inflammatory response in subjects with different degrees of asthma severity. Two groups of asthmatic subjects were studied: seven with intermittent mild asthma not requiring regular treatment (group A); and seven with persistent mild ... | 0 |
2,570 | Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and visits to accident and emergency departments in London for respiratory complaints | Atkinson, RW; Anderson, HR; Strachan, DP; Bland, JM; Bremner, SA; Ponce de Leon, A | 1,999 | Many epidemiological studies have shown positive short-term associations between health and current levels of outdoor air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between air pollution and the number of visits to accident and emergency (A&E) departments in London for respiratory complaints. A... | 0 |
3,466 | Fine particles and peak flow in children: Acidity versus mass | Neas, LM; Dockery, DW; Koutrakis, P; Speizer, FE | 1,999 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.#We assessed the impact of summertime haze episodes on twice daily peak flow measurements of children in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Height-adjusted peak flows were regressed on weather and air pollu... | 1 |
30,147 | Chlorophyll content of spring wheat flag leaves grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and other environmental stresses within the 'ESPACE-wheat' project | Ommen, OE; Donnelly, A; Vanhoutvin, S; Van Oijen, M; Manderscheid, R | 1,999 | #Spring wheat cv. Minaret was grown in open-top chambers at four sites across Europe. The effect of different treatments (CO2 enrichment, O3 fumigation, drought stress and temperature) on the chlorophyll content of the flag leaf was investigated using the MINOLTA SPAD-502 meter. Under optimum growth conditions the maxi... | 0 |
16,908 | Initial field evaluation of the Harvard active ozone sampler for personal ozone monitoring | Geyh, AS; Roberts, PT; Lurmann, FW; Schoell, BM; Avol, EL | 1,999 | Assessing personal exposure to ozone has only been feasible recently with the introduction of passive ozone samplers. These devices are easy to use, but changes in air velocity across their collection surfaces can affect performance. The Harvard active ozone sampler (AS) was developed in response to problems with the p... | 1 |
90,406 | The role of bromine and chlorine chemistry for arctic ozone depletion events in Ny-Alesund and comparison with model calculations | Martinez, M; Arnold, T; Perner, D | 1,999 | During the Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry (ARCTOC) campaigns at Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, the role of halogens in the depletion of boundary layer ozone was investigated. In spring 1995 and 1996 up to 30 ppt bromine monoxide were found whenever ozone decreased from normal levels of about 40 ppb. Those main trace gas... | 0 |
78,900 | Bacterial endotoxin is an active component of cigarette smoke | Hasday, JD; Bascom, R; Costa, JJ; Fitzgerald, T; Dubin, W | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis in cigarette smokers shares many clinical and histologic features with environmental lung diseases attributed to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) inhalation. Experimental LPS inhalation mimics many of the acute effects of cigarette smoke in the lower airway. Therefore, we re... | 0 |
36,381 | Differential sensitivity to ozone in two selected cell lines from grape leaf | Sgarbi, E; Bonatti, PM; Fornasiero, RB; Lins, A | 1,999 | Two cell populations with different phenol-phenotypes were selected from leaf explants of the ozone-sensitive Vitis vinifera L. cv. Lambrusco salamino. Experimental exposure of these cell lines to a 2 h fumigation with 300 ppb ozone caused a differential response. Peroxidative injuries, evaluated on the basis of malond... | 0 |
1,005,942 | Prediction of early-onset asthma in genetically at-risk children | Mrazek, DA; Klinnert, M; Mrazek, PJ; Brower, A; Mccormick, D; Rubin, B; Ikle, D; Kastner, W; Larsen, G; Harbeck, R; Jones, J | 1,999 | The W.T. Grant Foundation Asthma Risk Study was designed to prospectively examine children who were considered at a genetically increased risk for the development of asthma. The respective contributions of 11 potential risk factors, both environmental and biological, were assessed in order to determine their relative r... | 0 |
568 | Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: the Ahsmog study | McDonnell, WF; Abbey, DE; Nishino, N; Lebowitz, MD | 1,999 | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; California Air Resources Board. #We conducted a prospective study of a cohort of 3091 nonsmokers, ages 27 to 87 years, to evaluate the association between long-term ambient ozone exposure and development of adult-onset asthma. Over a 15-year period, 3.2% of males and 4.3% of femal... | 1 |
11,680 | The 21st century environment and air quality influences on asthma | Linn, WS; Gong, H, Jr | 1,999 | Electric Power Research Institute; California Air Resources Board; American Heart Association; Health Effects Institute; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #"Criteria" air pollutants are federally regulated pollutants that occur widely outdoors and have diverse sources, most often related to combustio... | 0 |
9,172 | Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong | Wong, TW; Lau, TS; Yu, TS; Neller, A; Wong, SL; Tam, W; Pang, SW | 1,999 | Objective-To investigate short term effects of concentrations of pollutants in ambient air on hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Hong Kong. Methods- Retrospective ecological study. A Poisson regression was performed of concentrations of daily air pollutant on daily counts of emergency ho... | 1 |
13,036 | Evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions | Powell, JJ; Van de Water, J; Gershwin, ME | 1,999 | #The concordance of autoimmune disease among identical twins is virtually always less than 50% and often in the 25-40% range. This observation, as well as epidemic clustering of some autoimmune diseases following xenobiotic exposure, reinforces the thesis that autoimmune disease is secondary to both genetic and environ... | 0 |
30,120 | Global change: state of the science | Weubbles, DJ; Jain, A; Edmonds, J; Harvey, D; Hayhoe, K | 1,999 | #Only recently, within a few decades, have we realized that humanity significantly influences the global environment. In the early 1980s, atmospheric measurements confirmed basic concepts developed a decade earlier. These basic concepts showed that human activities were affecting the ozone layer . Later measurements an... | 0 |
53,025 | Tropospheric ozone decreases biomass production in radish plants (Raphanus sativus) grown in rural south-west Sweden | Pleijel, H; Norberg, PA; Sellden, G; Skarby, L | 1,999 | #Potted plants of radish (Raphanus sativus L., cv. Cherry Belle) were grown in the ambient air for 5 weeks, with or without the application of a soil drench of the anti-ozonant ethylenediurea (EDU). The 24-h mean ozone concentration during the experimental period was 31 nl l-1. Towards the end of the experiment two ozo... | 0 |
52,777 | The effects of O3 fumigation during leaf development on photosynthesis of wheat and pea: An in vivo analysis | Farage, PK; Long, SP | 1,999 | Previous studies have shown that short exposure of plants to high doses of ozone decreases subsequent photosynthesis; initially by reducing carboxylation capacity. This study tests the hypothesis that this is also the primary cause of loss of photosynthetic capacity in leaves affected by development under a low level o... | 0 |
7,601 | Short term associations between outdoor air pollution and mortality in London 1992-4 | Bremner, SA; Anderson, HR; Atkinson, RW; Mcmichael, AJ; Strachan, DP; Bland, JM; Bower, JS | 1,999 | United Kingdom Department of Health. Objectives. A previous study of the short term effects of air pollution in London from April 1987 to March 1992 found associations between all cause mortality and black smoke and ozone, but no clear evidence of specificity for cardiorespiratory deaths. London data from 1992 to 1994... | 0 |
899 | The adverse effect of low levels of ambient air pollutants on lung function growth in preadolescent children | Jedrychowski, W; Flak, E; Mroz, E | 1,999 | U.S.-Polish Maria Sklodowska-Curie Foundation. #The main purpose of our study was to assess the effect of low concentrations of ambient air pollution on lung function growth in preadolescent children. We accounted for height velocity over the follow-up period and also for other possible confounders such as baseline an... | 0 |
15,330 | Ozone-induced respiratory illness during the repair of a portland cement kiln | Sanderson, WT; Almaguer, D; Kirk LH III | 1,999 | OBJECTIVES: Workers at a portland cement plant had experienced acute respiratory and eye irritation when performing maintenance inside a kiln. These episodes were associated with a bleach-like odor, which was only reported during maintenance operations. An industrial hygiene investigation was conducted to determine the... | 0 |
36,366 | Responses to ozone in 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): genotypic variation and chamber effects on photosynthesis and dry-matter partitioning | Paludan-Muller, G; Saxe, H; Leverenz, JW | 1,999 | Seedlings of 12 provenances of European beech (Fagus syivatica) were exposed to ambient, non-filtered air (NF) or NF + 50 nl 1-1 ozone (NF50) for S h d-1 in open-top chambers (OTCs), from 1 June to 4 October 1995. In 1996 exposure was continued from 31 May to 1 October at four levels: charcoal-filtered air (CF), NF, NF... | 0 |
11,601 | Ethical review of regulatory toxicology guidelines involving experiments on animals: the example of endocrine disrupters | Purchase, IFH | 1,999 | The safety assessment of new chemicals (including medicines, pesticides, food additives, and industrial chemicals) relies on the results of animal experiments. Because the safety of those exposed to these products and the welfare of the experimental animals used are considered critically important, both testing require... | 0 |
37,906 | UV absorption spectrum and self-reaction kinetics of the cyclohexadienyl radical, and stability of a series of cyclohexadienyl-type radicals | Berho, F; Rayez, MT; Lexclaux, R | 1,999 | The UV spectrum, self-reaction kinetics, and stability of the cyclohexadienyl radical (C6H7) were investigated by flash photolysis, using a novel method to generate the radical. The absolute UV spectrum was obtained for the first time. It exhibits an intense peak of absorption at 302 nm, similar to that of other cycloh... | 0 |
87,297 | The uptake of O3 by poplar leaves: the impact of a long-term exposure to low O3-concentrations | Van Hove, LWA; Bossen, ME; de Bok, FAM; Hooijmaijers, CAM | 1,999 | Poplar shoots were exposed for 3-4 weeks to filtered air, ambient (maximum values 50-60 nl l(-1)) or two times ambient O-3-concentrations under controlled environmental conditions in fumigation chambers. A sensitive (Populus nigra 'Brandaris') and a tolerant (P, euramericana 'Robusta') cultivar were used. At regular in... | 0 |
80,394 | Nitrogen and sulfur deposition and forest nutrient status in the valley of Mexico | Fenn, ME; De Bauer, LI; Quevedo-Nolasco, A; Rodriguez-Frausto, C | 1,999 | Mexico City experiences some of the most severe air pollution in the world. Ozone injury has been documented in sensitive tree species in urban and forested areas in the Valley of Mexico. However, little is known of the levels of other atmospheric pollutants and their ecological effects on forests in the Valley of Mexi... | 0 |
89,236 | The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME): mission concept and first scientific results | Burrows, JP; Weber, M; Buchwitz, M; Rozanov, V; Ladstatter-Weissenmayer, A; Richter, A; Debeek, R; Hoogen, R; Bramstedt, K; Eichmann, KU; Eisinger, M | 1,999 | The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) is a new instrument aboard the European Space Agency's (ESA) Second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2), which was launched in April 1995. The main scientific objective of the GOME mission is to determine the global distribution of ozone and several other trace gases,... | 0 |
4,137 | Managing earth's ecosystems: An interdisciplinary challenge | Daily, GC; Ehrlich, PR | 1,999 | null | 0 |
11,219 | Air pollution and respiratory disease in children: what is the clinically relevant impact? | Nicolai, T | 1,999 | Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with increased respiratory symptoms and decreases in lung function in children. Most of the respiratory symptoms are nonspecific and not severe. However, lower respiratory symptoms and extra use of bronchodilators may be increased by about one third with exposure to peak le... | 0 |
11,982 | Memory deterioration in an oxidative stress model and its correlation with cytological changes on rat hippocampus CA1 | Avila-Costa, MR; Colin-Barenque, L; Fortoul, TI; Machado-Salas, JP; Espinosa-Villanueva, J; Rugerio-Vargas, C; Rivas-Arancibia, S | 1,999 | Exposure to ozone results in an increased production of free radicals which causes oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ozone exposure on memory and its correlation with the cytology of the hippocampus. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were exposed to 1 ppm (parts per million) ozone f... | 0 |
49,133 | Observation and confirmation of foliar injury ozone symptoms of native plant species of Switzerland and southern Spain | Skelly, JM; Innes, JL; Savage, JS; Snyder, KR; Vanderheyden, DZ; Sanz, MJ | 1,999 | Tropospheric ozone is considered as the major pollutant of concern to the health and productivity of forests in the eastern United States and has more recently become of increasing concern within the forests of southern Europe. Recent observations have clearly demonstrated foliar injury symptoms to be occurring on many... | 0 |
11,514 | Ozone exposure and blood antioxidants: a study in a Periurban area in Southern France | Saintot, M; Bernard, N; Astre, C; Gerber, M | 1,999 | #Major carotenoids in plasma--especially beta-carotene--are affected by oxidative stress (e.g., tobacco smoking). Environmental ozone induced oxidative stress in experimental in vitro and in vivo studies, and it also increased the incidence of lung cancer in mice. We proposed to measure, after controlling for other det... | 0 |
30,279 | Climate change effects on plant growth, crop yield and livestock | Rotter, R; Van De Geijn, SC | 1,999 | #A review is given of the state of knowledge in the field of assessing climate change impacts on agricultural crops and livestock. Starting from the basic processes controlling plant growth and development, the possible impacts and interactions of climatic and other biophysical variables in different agro-environments ... | 0 |
94,185 | DOAS measurements of tropospheric bromine oxide in mid-latitudes | Hebestreit, K; Stutz, J; Rosen, D; Matveiv, V; Peleg, M; Luria, M; Platt, U | 1,999 | Episodes of elevated bromine oxide (BrO) concentration are known to occur at high latitudes in the Arctic boundary layer and to lead to catalytic destruction of ozone at those latitudes; these events have not been observed at lower latitudes. With the use of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), locally ... | 0 |
12,379 | Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1998 | null | 1,999 | The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer commemorated its 10th anniversary in September 1997. Among the provisions of the Protocol was the requirement that the Parties to the Protocol base their future decisions on the available scientific, environmental, technical, and economic information... | 0 |
597,542 | Transmission electron microscopy findings in the respiratory epithelium of guinea pigs exposed to the polluted air of southwest Mexico City | Villegas-Castrejon, H; Villalba-Caloca, J; Meneses-Flores, M; Haselbarth-Lopez, MM; Flores-Rivera, E; Perez-Neria, J | 1,999 | We evaluated the nature and the extent of the damage to the respiratory epithelium of guinea pigs after a 4-month exposure to the mixture of air pollutants in southwest Mexico City. Guinea pigs were placed outdoors on the roof of our facility, 8 hours daily, from February to May 1995. At the same time, control guinea p... | 0 |
15,259 | Air pollution and asthma | Koenig, JQ | 1,999 | Asthma is a disease syndrome that has captured a great deal of attention for several years. One of the perplexing aspects to asthma is that the prevalence is increasing in most Industrialized countries. The reasons for this widespread increase are largely unknown. Another aspect of industrialization is the persistence ... | 0 |
6,610 | Air pollution and daily mortality in the Coachella Valley, California: A study of PM10 dominated by coarse particles | Ostro, BD; Hurley, S; Lipsett, MJ | 1,999 | South Coast Air Quality Management District. #Many epidemiological studies provide evidence of an association between airborne particles, measured as PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 Am in diameter), and daily morbidity and mortality. Most of these studies have been conducted in urban areas where PM10 consists pri... | 0 |
78,127 | Adverse reproductive outcomes from exposure to environmental mutagens | Sram, RJ; Binkova, B; Rossner, P; Rubes, J; Topinka, J; Dejmek, J | 1,999 | The effect of environmental pollution on reproductive outcomes has been studied in the research project ?Teplice Program' analyzing the impact of air pollution on human health. Genotoxicity of urban air particles <10 Am (PM10) in in vitro system was determined by the analysis of DNA adducts. The highest DNA binding act... | 1 |
13,095 | Relative benefit assessment of fire protection system changes | Bennett, G | 1,999 | With the rapidly expanding variety of fire protection technologies competing for limited R&D budgets, facilities, and expertise, it has become necessary to develop a system benefit assessment methodology for use in R&D efforts. Such a methodology is necessary to compare, rate, and evaluate these competing technologies ... | 0 |
12,050 | Role of neutrophil elastase in ozone-induced airway responses in guinea-pigs | Matsumoto, K; Aizawa, H; Inoue, H; Koto, H; Nakano, H; Hara, N | 1,999 | Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness occurs concurrently with neutrophilic inflammation and epithelial injury in various species including humans. The mechanism of neutrophil-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, however, has not yet been fully clarified. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is a multipotent protease released fr... | 0 |
10,428 | PACAP reverses airway hyperresponsiveness induced by ozone exposure in guinea pigs | Aizawa, H; Shigyo, M; Matsumoto, K; Inoue, H; Koto, H; Hara, N | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) inhibits airway smooth muscle contraction and plasma extravasation. OBJECTIVE: We thus hypothesized that PACAP may regulate airway responsiveness through these effects and examined the effects of exogenously applied PACAP... | 0 |
54,303 | Morphometric analysis of alveolar responses of F344 rats to subchronic inhalation of nitric oxide | Mercer, RR | 1,999 | Health Effects Institute. N/A. Nitric oxide (NO)*, the principal airborne pollutant generated from combustion processes such as gas stoves, tobacco smoke, and burning of fossil fuels, is being tested as a therapeutic agent in clinical trials. A prior morphometric study of rats exposed for 9 weeks to 0.5 parts per milli... | 0 |
16,206 | Relative roles of convection and chemical reaction for the disposition of formaldehyde and ozone in nasal mucus | Schlosser, PM | 1,999 | The mucociliary apparatus is an important respiratory-tract defense system that may provide significant protection of the underlying epithelium from gases and vapors. Limiting-case calculations were performed to determine the significance of convective mucus transport and chemical reaction for formaldehyde (HCHO) and o... | 0 |
1,253 | Detection of ozone-induced DNA single strand breaks in murine bronchoalveolar lavage cells acutely exposed in vivo | Haney, JT, Jr; Connor, TH; Li, L | 1,999 | Single-strand breaks (SSBs) in DNA have been used a biomarker of oxidative damage. The comet assay, also known as single-cell gel electrophoresis, was used to investigate the ability of ozone (O(3)) to induce DNA SSBs in murine bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells. The comet assay is more sensitive than other techniques ... | 0 |
15,223 | Tackling multi-pollutant multi-effect problems -- an iterative approach | Simpson, D; Eliassen, A | 1,999 | Within both the UN ECE and the European Union, there has been a strong move towards the so-called multi-pollutant multi-effect approach to air pollution strategies. In this approach a number of pollutants are considered, and emission reductions are determined after looking at the effect of each of these pollutants on a... | 0 |
10,678 | The effect of exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the airway response of atopic asthmatics to inhaled allergen: Dose- and time-dependent effects | Jenkins, HS; Devalia, JL; Mister, RL; Bevan, AM; Rusznak, C; Davies, RJ | 1,999 | Eleven mild atopic asthmatic patients were exposed for 6 h, in randomized order, to air, 100 ppb O3, 200 ppb NO2, and 100 ppb O3 + 200 ppb NO2, followed immediately by bronchial allergen challenge. Subsequently 10 of these patients were exposed for 3 h to air, 200 ppb O3, 400 ppb NO2, and 200 ppb O3 + 400 ppb NO2, foll... | 0 |
5,606 | Modeling and continuous monitoring of indoor air pollutants for identification of sources and sinks | Kraenzmer, M | 1,999 | By comparing a calculated exhaust air concentration to a measured exhaust air concentration in a ventilated building, it is possible to determine whether the pollutant studied originates from the outdoor air or originates from a source indoors. This method was applied to measurements carried out in apartments, office b... | 0 |
47,421 | Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general US population | Hankinson, JL; Odencrantz, JR; Fedan, KB | 1,999 | Spirometric reference values for Caucasians, African-Americans, and Mexican-Americans 8 to 80 yr of age were developed from 7,429 asymptomatic, lifelong nonsmoking participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Spirometry examinations followed the 1987 American Thoracic Society... | 0 |
35,269 | Phenological development, leaf emergence, tillering and leaf area index, and duration of spring wheat across Europe in response to CO2 and ozone | Ewart, F; Pleijel, H | 1,999 | Phenological development, leaf emergence, tillering and leaf area index (LAI), and duration (LAD) of spring wheat cv. Minaret, grown in open-top chambers at different sites throughout Europe for up to 3 years at each site, were investigated in response to elevated CO2 (ambient CO2I2) and ozone (ambient ozone I1.5) conc... | 0 |
1,426 | Use of personal passive samplers for measurement of NO2, NO, and O3 levels in panel studies | Liard, R; Zureik, M; Le Moullec, Y; Soussan, D; Glorian, M; Grimfeld, A; Neukirch, F | 1,999 | We measured personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and ozone (O3), using personal passive samplers during three 4-day periods, in a panel study of asthmatics continuing the normal activities of everyday life. Fifty-five adults, mean age 42 years, 53% men, and 39 children, mean age 11 years... | 1 |
36,640 | Mutations in ras genes in experimental tumours of rodents | Sills, RC; Boorman, GA; Neal, JE; Hong, HL; Devereux, TR | 1,999 | Studies of carcinogenesis in rodents are valuable for examining mutagenesis in vivo. An advantage of evaluating the frequency and spectra of ras mutations in chemically induced neoplasms is that the additional data at the molecular level indicate whether the carcinogenic effect is due to the chemical and is not a spont... | 0 |
1,198 | Mast cell activation is not required for induction of airway hyperresponsiveness by ozone in mice | Noviski, N; Brewer, JP; Skornik, WA; Galli, SJ; Drazen, JM; Martin, TR | 1,999 | Exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is associated with increased exacerbations of asthma. We sought to determine whether mast cell degranulation is induced by in vivo exposure to O3 in mice and whether mast cells play an essential role in the development of pulmonary pathophysiological alterations induced by O3. For this we... | 1 |
1,252 | DNA strand breaks caused by exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide | Bermudez, E; Ferng, SF; Castro, CE; Mustafa, MG | 1,999 | The present study demonstrates that exposure to ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can cause DNA single-strand breaks in alveolar macrophages. Threemonth-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, specific pathogen free, were exposed to either 1.2 ppm NO2 or 0.3 ppm O3 alone or a combination of these two oxidants continuously fo... | 0 |
40,436 | Air pollution and pediatric respiratory hospital admissions in S?o Paulo, Brazil | Braga, ALF; Conceic?o, GMS; Pereira, LAA; Kishi, HS; Pereira, JCR; Andrade, MF; Goncalves, FLT; Saldiva, PHN; Latorre, MRDO | 1,999 | In order to investigate the relation between air pollution and child morbidity in S?o Paulo, a time-series study was carried out. Daily records of hospital admissions for children under 13 years old were obtained at the Health State Secretary, covering 112 hospitals in the period from October 1992 to October 1993. Dail... | 0 |
53,096 | Effects of ozone on understory vegetation in the mixed conifer forest | Temple, PJ | 1,999 | The mixed conifer forest ecosystem of the San Bernardino Mountains includes all the producers (plants and algae), consumers (animals and other heterotrophs), and decomposers (bacteria, fungi, and other single-celled organisms) found in the forest, all of which contribute to the complex processes of energy flow, storage... | 0 |
11,997 | Mechanism of oxidative damage to fish red blood cells by ozone | Fukunaga, K; Nakazono, N; Suzuki, T; Takama, K | 1,999 | The present study was conducted to elucidate the adverse effects of ozone exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) red blood cells (RBCs). We evaluated whether hemoglobin (Hb) or Hb-derived free iron could participate in the RBC damage using an in vitro ozone exposure system. Ozone exposure induced hemolysis, fo... | 0 |
92,021 | Nitrogen pollution: an assessment of its threat to amphibian survival | Rouse, JD; Bishop, CA; Struger, J | 1,999 | The potential for nitrate to affect amphibian survival was evaluated by examining the areas in North America where concentrations of nitrate in water occur above amphibian toxicity thresholds. Nitrogen pollution from anthropogenic sources enters bodies of water through agricultural runoff or percolation associated with... | 0 |
15,152 | Gaseous air pollution and atopy | Charpin, D; Pascal, L; Birnbaum, J; Armengaud, A; Sambuc, R; Lanteaume, A; Vervloet, D | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: Photochemical air pollutants are commonly thought to be implicated in the gradual increase in the prevalence of atopy. However, no epidemiological data are available. METHODS: To clarify this issue, we performed a cross-sectional epidemiological survey in 2604 primary school children, 10 and 11 years old, l... | 1 |
48,301 | Transport of ozone and pollutants from North America to the North Atlantic Ocean during the 1996 AEROCE intensive experiment | Prados, AI; Dickerson, RR; Doddridge, BG; Milne, PA; Moody, JL; Merrill, JT | 1,999 | Research flights were conducted to investigate the episodic occurrence of enhanced ozone mixing ratios over the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) during the spring as part of the Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE). We measured meteorological variables, trace gases, and aerosol light scattering from the University ... | 0 |
11,184 | Case study of the effects of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze on agriculture: an opportunity to enhance crop yields in China through emission controls? | Chameides, WL; Yu, H; Liu, SC; Bergin, M; Zhou, X; Mearns, L; Wang, G; Kiang, CS; Saylor, RD; Luo, C; Huang, Y; Steiner, A; Giorgi, F | 1,999 | The effect of atmospheric aerosols and regional haze from air pollution on the yields of rice and winter wheat grown in China is assessed. The assessment is based on estimates of aerosol optical depths over China, the effect of these optical depths on the solar irradiance reaching the earth's surface, and the response ... | 0 |
41,850 | Ozone threshold doses and exposure-response relationships for the development of ozone injury symptoms in wild plant species | Bergmann, E; Bender, J; Weigel, HJ | 1,999 | The relative ozone sensitivities of 25 German native herbaceous plant species, representative of arable field margins or disturbed habitats, were examined over three consecutive growing seasons. Plants were grown from seed, potted into natural soils and exposed in open-top chambers for the entire season to different oz... | 0 |
52,306 | Pacific exploratory mission in the tropical Pacific: PEM-Tropics A, August-September 1996 | Hoell, JM; Davis, DD; Jacob, DJ; Rodgers, MO; Newell, RE; Fuelberg, HE; Mcneal, RJ; Raper, JL; Bendura, RJ | 1,999 | The Pacific Exploratory Mission - Tropics B (PEM-Tropics B) was conducted by the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) over the tropical Pacific Ocean in March-April 1999. It used two NASA aircraft, a DC-8 and a P-3B. Its central objective was to improve knowledge of the factors controlling ozone, OH, aerosols, and... | 0 |
40,437 | Air pollution and respiratory illness of children in Sao Paulo, Brazil | Lin, CA; Martins, MA; Farhat, SCL; Pope CA III; Conceicao, GMS; Anastacio, VM; Hatanaka, M; Andrade, WC; Hamaue, WR; Bohm, GM; Saldiva, PHN | 1,999 | This investigation reports the association between air pollution and pediatric respiratory emergency visits in Sao Paulo, Brazil, the largest city in South America. Daily records of emergenoy visits were obtained from the Children's Institute of the University of Sao Paulo for the period ranging from May 1991 to April ... | 0 |
52,213 | C3-C14-alkyl nitrates in remote South Atlantic air | Schneider, M; Ballschmiter, K | 1,999 | Alkyl nitrates with chain lengths up to fourteen carbons have been detected in the remote troposphere of the South Atlantic Ocean. The concentrations of numerous iso- and n-alkyl nitrates in the range of C3-C12 have been measured. Tenax-GC analysis was applied to determine short chain alkyl nitrates (< C6), while the n... | 0 |
10,531 | Cigarette smoking and ozone-associated emergency department use for asthma by adults in New York City | Cassino, C; Ito, K; Bader, I; Ciotoli, C; Thurston, G; Reibman, J | 1,999 | National institutes of Health.#The association between ambient ozone (O3 ) and hospital use for asthma in children and adults is well documented. The question remains of whether there are susceptible subpopulations of asthmatic individuals who are particularly vulnerable to high O3 levels. Because tobacco use was preva... | 0 |
11,198 | Association of ambient air-pollution levels with acute asthma exacerbation among children in Singapore | Chew, FT; Goh, DYT; Ooi, BC; Saharom, R; Hui, JKS; Lee, BW | 1,999 | BACKGROUND: Air-pollution levels have been shown to be associated with increased morbidity of respiratory diseases. METHODS: Data for ambient air-pollutant levels, meteorologic factors, and hospitalization or emergency room (ER) visits for acute asthma in Singapore children over a 5-year period (1990-4) were obtained a... | 0 |
19,183 | Assessment of the effects of human-caused air pollution on resources within the interior Columbia River basin | Schoettle, AW; Tonnessen, K; Turk, J; Vimont, J; Amundson, R | 1,999 | An assessment of existing and potential impacts to vegetation, aquatics, and visibility within the Columbia River basin due to air pollution was conducted as part of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project. This assessment examined the current situation and potential trends due to pollutants such as am... | 0 |
86,976 | The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in southern California between 1989 and 1993 | Ritz, B; Yu, F | 1,999 | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. #We evaluated the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) exposures during the last trimester of pregnancy on the frequency of low birth weight among neonates born 1989-1993 to women living in the Los Angeles, California, area. Using birth certificate data for that period, we... | 1 |
11,149 | Short-term effect of ozone on the pulmonary function of children in primary school | Chen, PC; Lai, YM; Chan, CC; Hwang, JS; Yang, CY; Wang, JD | 1,999 | The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren. We sampled 941 children in primary school in three communities in Taiwan (Sanchun, Taihsi, and Linyuan). The nearby stations of the Taiwan air quality monitoring network provided the h... | 1 |
13,197 | Effect of inhaled ozone on exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, and induced sputum in normal and asthmatic subjects | Nightingale, JA; Rogers, DF; Barnes, PJ | 1,999 | Background - Nitric oxide (NO) may have a role in the pathophysiology of tissue injury in response to inhaled ozone in animals. Methods - A double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study was undertaken to investigate the effects of inhaled ozone in 10 normal and 10 atopic asthmatic volunteers. Subjects w... | 0 |
8,105 | Association between indoor and outdoor air pollution and adolescent asthma from 1995 to 1996 in Taiwan | Wang, TN; Ko, YC; Chao, YY; Huang, CC; Lin, RS | 1,999 | The study aim was to estimate the contribution of indoor and outdoor air pollution to the 1-year prevalence of adolescent asthma after personal susceptibility and other potential risk factors were taken into account. A large-scaled cross-sectional study was conducted among 165,173 high school students aged 11 to 16 yea... | 1 |
1,171 | Ambient air pollution and respiratory health in the east Baltic region | Jedrychowski, W | 1,999 | Air pollutants of primary concern to human health in the east Baltic region include particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Exposure to elevated levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone is also widespread. Coal-fired power and heavy industrial plants not fitted with efficient air treatment equipment constitute major sources... | 0 |
87,272 | Air pollution and health effects: a study of medical visits among children in Santiago, Chile | Ostro, BD; Eskeland, GS; Sanchez, JM; Feyzioglu, T | 1,999 | World Bank. #Many epidemiological studies conducted in the last several years have reported associations between exposure to airborne particulate matter, measured as PM10 (<10 m in diameter), and daily morbidity and mortality. However, much of the evidence involves effects on the elderly population; there is less evid... | 0 |
8,100 | Temperature and air pollution as risk factors for heat stroke in Tokyo, July and August 1980-1995 | Piver, WT; Ando, M; Ye, F; Portier, CJ | 1,999 | #Heat stroke is associated with prolonged exposures to high air temperatures that usually occur in the summer months of July and August in Tokyo, Japan. Also during July and August, residents of Tokyo are often exposed simultaneously to high concentrations of air pollutants. To assess the impacts of these combined expo... | 0 |
11,326 | Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory illness in Piraeus, Greece, 1987-1992: nonparametric stochastic dynamic analysis | Kontos, AS; Fassois, SD; Deli, MF | 1,999 | General Secretariat for Research and Technology (PENED 94 Program). #The short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory illness are analyzed for the city of Piraeus, Greece during the 1987-1992 period using a distinct, nonparametric, stochastic dynamical system approach. This approach accounts for the tim... | 0 |
10,892 | Dissection of the ozone-induced calcium signature | Clayton, H; Knight, MR; Knight, H; Mcainsh, MR; Hetherington, AM | 1,999 | null | 0 |
57,761 | Penetration of solar erythemal UV radiation in the shade of two common Australian trees | Parisi, AV; Willey, A; Kimlin, MG; Wong, JCF | 1,999 | The penetration of solar erythemal ultraviolet radiation has been measured in the shade of a gum (Eucalyptus sp.) and a she oak (Casaurina) tree, both on a horizontal plane and with polysulphone dosimeters to human anatomical sites. This has provided new data useful for protection strategies against harmful ultraviolet... | 0 |
8,087 | PM10 exposure, gaseous pollutants, and daily mortality in Inchon, South Korea | Hong, YC; Leem, JH; Ha, EH; Christiani, DC | 1,999 | To evaluate the relative importance of various measures of particulate and gaseous air pollution as predictors of daily mortality in Inchon, South Korea, the association between total daily mortality and air pollution was investigated for a 20-month period (January 1995 through August 1996). Poisson regression was used... | 0 |
924 | Association of air pollution with daily GP consultations for asthma and other lower respiratory conditions in London | Hajat, S; Haines, A; Goubet, SA; Atkinson, RW; Anderson, HR | 1,999 | Department of Health, United Kingdom. Background-Very few published studies have looked at the effects of air pollution on health in the primary care setting. As part of a large study to examine the association between air pollution and a number of health outcomes, the relationship between daily GP consultations for as... | 0 |
11,990 | Morphologic alteration of the olfactory bulb after acute ozone exposure in rats | Colin-Barenque, L; Avila-Costa, MR; Fortoul, T; Rugerio-Vargas, C; Machado-Salas, JP; Espinosa-Villanueva, J; Rivas-Arancibia, S | 1,999 | The interaction of ozone with some molecules results in an increased production of free radicals. The objective of this study was to identify whether acute ozone exposure to 1-1.5 ppm for 4 h, produced cytological and ultrastructural modifications in the olfactory bulb cells. The results showed that in rats exposed to ... | 0 |
15,182 | Evaluation of activated carbon filters for removal of ozone at the PPB level | Lee, P; Davidson, J | 1,999 | Performance of filters for the removal of ozone at ambient concentration is characterized. The removal efficiency and pressure drop of 10 commercial filters-including 8 made of granule or powdered activated carbon, 1 activated carbon fiber filter, and 1 packed bed made of an ozone catalyst-were measured for an influent... | 0 |
75,998 | Measuring and mdelling pollution for risk analysis | Zidek, JV; Le, ND | 1,999 | The great scale and complexity of environmental risk analysis offers major methodological challenges to those engaged in policymaking. In this paper we describe some of those challenges from the perspective gained through our work at the University of British Columbia (UBC). We describe some of our experiences with res... | 0 |
15,170 | Adhesion molecules of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and alveolar macrophages in rats: modulation by exposure to ozone | Hoffer, E; Baum, Y; Tabak, A; Frevert, C | 1,999 | Exposure to elevated levels of ozone results in an infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lungs. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ozone-induced inflammatory process is preceded by a change in the expression of adhesion molecules (integrins and selectins) in peripheral blood... | 0 |
51,292 | The mechanism of reactive NO3 uptake on dry NaX (X=Cl, Br) | Gershenzon, MY; Il'in, S; Fedotov, NG; Gershenzon, YM; Aparina, EV; Zelenov, VV | 1,999 | A simple kinetic mechanism of nitrate radicals uptake on dry sea-salt NaC1, NaBr surfaces is proposed. The mechanism includes adsorption/desorption equilibrium and unimolecular decomposition of the adsorbed complex:
NO3(g) + NaX(s) <-> (NO3-NaX)(s); (NO3-NaX)(s) -> NaNO3 + X(s)
Two techniques were used: the m... | 0 |
1,196 | Evaluation of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine, typical oxidative DNA damage, in lymphocytes of ozone-treated arteriosclerotic patients | Foksinski, M; Bialkowski, K; Skiba, M; Ponikowska, I; Szmurlo, W; Olinski, R | 1,999 | In the present study we measured the amount of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in DNA isolated from lymphocytes of arteriosclerotic patients undergoing ozonetherapy. Treatment of the patients with therapeutic concentration of ozone caused a significant increase over the control value in the amount of 8-oxo-dG of DNA... | 0 |
12,657 | Airway inflammation, exhaled nitric oxide, and severity of asthma in patients with Western red cedar asthma | Chan-Yeung, M; Obata, H; Dittrick, M; Chan, H; Abboud, R | 1,999 | Examination of induced sputum and measurement of exhaled NO have been advocated as noninvasive methods of assessing the degree of airway inflammation. In this study, we performed follow-up evaluation on 71 subjects with asthma caused by exposure to Western red cedar; 50 subjects had left exposure, whereas the rest cont... | 0 |
2,962 | Longitudinal distribution of chlorine absorption in human airways: Comparison of nasal and oral quiet breathing | Nodelman, V; Ultman, JS | 1,999 | The fraction of an inspired chlorine (Cl2) bolus absorbed during a single breath (Lambda) was measured as a function of bolus penetration (VP) into the respiratory system of five male and five female nonsmokers during both nasal and oral breathing at a quiet respiratory flow of 250 ml/s. The correspondence between VP a... | 0 |
10,614 | Ozone-forming potential of reformulated gasoline | null | 1,999 | null | 0 |
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