id
int64
1
910
name
stringlengths
4
42
start_year
int64
-13,600
1.99k
end_year
int64
-9,200
2.02k
long_name
stringlengths
3
59
new_name
stringlengths
6
42
polity_tag
stringclasses
6 values
general_description
stringlengths
120
13.2k
shapefile_name
stringclasses
63 values
private_comment
stringclasses
34 values
created_date
stringclasses
128 values
modified_date
stringlengths
27
27
private_comment_n
stringclasses
96 values
home_nga_id
float64
1
35
home_nga_name
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_subregion
stringclasses
30 values
home_nga_longitude
float64
-155.92
152
home_nga_latitude
float64
-13.48
64.1
home_nga_capital_city
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_nga_code
stringclasses
35 values
home_nga_fao_country
stringclasses
28 values
home_nga_world_region
stringclasses
10 values
home_seshat_region_id
int64
1
64
home_seshat_region_name
stringclasses
45 values
home_seshat_region_subregions_list
stringclasses
45 values
home_seshat_region_mac_region
stringclasses
10 values
101
UsIroqE
1,566
1,713
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early
us_haudenosaunee_1
LEGACY
The Finger Lakes region of the modern-day state of New York was once part of Iroquois territory. On the eve of European contact, this territory stretched from Lake Champlain and Lake George west to the Genesee River and Lake Ontario and from the St. Lawrence River south to the Susquehanna River. Originally, the League ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
29
Finger Lakes
East Coast
-77.021375
42.70498
Seneca Falls
USNY
United States
North America
22
East Coast
East Coast of US
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
102
UsIroqL
1,714
1,848
Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late
us_haudenosaunee_2
LEGACY
The Finger Lakes region of the modern-day state of New York was once part of Iroquois territory. On the eve of European contact, this territory stretched from Lake Champlain and Lake George west to the Genesee River and Lake Ontario and from the St. Lawrence River south to the Susquehanna River. Originally, the League ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
29
Finger Lakes
East Coast
-77.021375
42.70498
Seneca Falls
USNY
United States
North America
22
East Coast
East Coast of US
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
669
ni_hausa_k
900
1,808
Hausa bakwai
ni_hausa_k
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
17
Hawaii1
1,000
1,200
Hawaii I
us_hawaii_1
LEGACY
Hawai'i, also known as the Big Island, is the largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. Recent estimates for the date of initial settlement by Polynesian voyagers have varied from 800 to 1250 CE, but the latest Bayesian model, based on palaeoenvironmental data and a carefully defined set of archaeological radiocarbon...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
33
Big Island Hawaii
Polynesia
-155.916989
19.528931
Kona
USHI
United States
Oceania-Australia
30
Polynesia
Polynesia
{'id': 8, 'name': 'Oceania-Australia'}
18
Hawaii2
1,200
1,580
Hawaii II
us_hawaii_2
LEGACY
Hawai'i, also known as the Big Island, is the largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. Our 'Hawaii 2' refers to the period from 1200 to 1580 CE. 1200 marks the beginning of archaeologist Patrick Kirch's 'expansion period', §REF§ (Kirch 2010, 127-28) Patrick V. Kirch. 2010. <i>How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingshi...
null
null
null
2024-08-14T12:47:39.957086Z
{'id': 81, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
33
Big Island Hawaii
Polynesia
-155.916989
19.528931
Kona
USHI
United States
Oceania-Australia
30
Polynesia
Polynesia
{'id': 8, 'name': 'Oceania-Australia'}
19
Hawaii3
1,580
1,778
Hawaii III
us_hawaii_3
LEGACY
Hawai'i, also known as the Big Island, is the largest island of the Hawaiian archipelago. Our 'Hawaii 3' refers to the period from 1580 to 1778 CE. 1580 is the approximate date of the formation of the first island-wide unitary kingdom, while 1778 is the date of first European contact ‒ the arrival of Captain Cook. §REF...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
33
Big Island Hawaii
Polynesia
-155.916989
19.528931
Kona
USHI
United States
Oceania-Australia
30
Polynesia
Polynesia
{'id': 8, 'name': 'Oceania-Australia'}
147
JpHeian
794
1,185
Heian
jp_heian
LEGACY
The Heian period (794-1185 CE) began when the Emperor Kammu (r. 781-806 CE) moved the capital from Nara to Heian (Kyoto) in 794 CE. The imperial court maintained centralized control over the main islands of Japan and was the centre of a vast, highly bureaucratic administration system. §REF§ (Deal 2005, 89) William E. D...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
69
GrCrHel
-323
-69
Hellenistic Crete
gr_crete_hellenistic
LEGACY
In the Greek world, the Hellenistic era goes from the death of Alexander in 323 BCE to the Roman conquest in 69 BCE. For much of this period, due to its enviable position in the Eastern Mediterranean, the island lay at the centre international conflicts between Alexander's successors, most notably the Ptolemies (who ma...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
4
Crete
Southeastern Europe
25.1442
35.3387
Heraklion
GR
Greece
Europe
19
Southeastern Europe
Frm. Yugoslavia, Romania-Moldova, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
129
AfHepht
408
561
Hephthalite Empire
af_hephthalite_emp
LEGACY
The Hepthalites were one group of a series of nomadic tribal confederations that are sometimes referred to as the White Huns. The evidence seems to indicate that they were a second wave of Hunnish migration. §REF§ <a class="external free" href="http://en.unesco.org/silkroad/sites/silkroad/files/knowledgebankarticle/vol...
null
null
null
2025-04-17T14:20:56.398412Z
{'id': 99, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
8
Afghanistan
Afghanistan
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
353
YeHmyr1
270
340
Himyar I
ye_himyar_1
LEGACY
In 115 BCE the Himyarites were a tribe from the southwestern highlands of Yemen. They formed, with Saba, the dual kingdom of Saba and Dhu-Raydan §REF§ (Burrows 2010, 140) Robert D Burrows. 2010. Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Second Edition. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham. §REF§ §REF§ (Bryce 2009, 602) Trevor Bryce...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
12
Yemeni Coastal Plain
Arabia
43.315739
14.850891
Sanaa
YE
Yemen
Southwest Asia
44
Arabia
Arabian Peninsula
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
354
YeHmyr2
378
525
Himyar II
ye_himyar_2
LEGACY
In 115 BCE the Himyarites were a tribe from the southwestern highlands of Yemen. They formed, with Saba, the dual kingdom of Saba and Dhu-Raydan §REF§ (Burrows 2010, 140) Robert D Burrows. 2010. Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Second Edition. The Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham. §REF§ §REF§ (Bryce 2009, 602) Trevor Bryce...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
12
Yemeni Coastal Plain
Arabia
43.315739
14.850891
Sanaa
YE
Yemen
Southwest Asia
44
Arabia
Arabian Peninsula
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
471
CnHChin
1,895
1,941
Hmong - Early Chinese
cn_hmong_2
LEGACY
The Hmong are an agricultural people who have inhabited southern China for about 2000 years. §REF§ (Diamond 2009, 3) Diamond, Norma. 2009. “Culture Summary: Miao.” eHRAF World Cultures. <a class="external free" href="http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ae05-000" rel="nofollow">http://ehrafworldcultures.yale....
null
null
null
2024-01-17T15:41:17.246418Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
22
Southern China Hills
South China
103.991731
27.538834
Guizhou
YUN
China
East Asia
59
South China
Yangtze Basin and South China
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
470
CnHQngL
1,701
1,895
Hmong - Late Qing
cn_hmong_1
LEGACY
The Hmong are an agricultural people who have inhabited southern China for about 2000 years. §REF§ (Diamond 2009, 3) Diamond, Norma. 2009. “Culture Summary: Miao.” eHRAF World Cultures. <a class="external free" href="http://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/document?id=ae05-000" rel="nofollow">http://ehrafworldcultures.yale....
null
null
null
2024-01-17T15:40:48.319562Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
22
Southern China Hills
South China
103.991731
27.538834
Guizhou
YUN
China
East Asia
59
South China
Yangtze Basin and South China
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
561
us_hohokam_culture
300
1,500
Hohokam Culture
us_hohokam_culture
LEGACY
<br>The term ‘Hohokam’ was applied to the culture group by archaeologists, and is borrowed from the Uto-Aztecan language, O'odham. However it does not refer to a tribe or peoples, but rather a site where there are “earthen buildings, red on buff pottery, and extensive canals”.§REF§”History & Culture - Casa Grande Ruins...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
25
Western North America
West Coast, the Rockies, and the American SouthWest
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
800
de_empire_3
1,255
1,453
Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period
de_empire_3
OTHER_TAG
The Holy Roman Empire from 1255 to 1453 was characterized by internal restructuring, the assertion of princely and municipal autonomy, and the ongoing negotiation of power between secular and ecclesiastical authorities. This period is marked by significant transitions and the interplay of imperial ambition, regional pr...
null
null
2024-01-26T14:16:47.880799Z
2024-02-28T14:43:34.181125Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
807
de_empire_2_sub
1,198
1,215
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction
de_empire_2_sub
OTHER_TAG
This period commenced with the death of Emperor Henry VI in 1197, precipitating a succession crisis due to the lack of a clear heir. In 1198, the empire's electors split, leading to the dual election of Philip of Swabia, of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, and Otto IV, affiliated with the Welf family. Philip's claim was bolst...
null
null
2024-02-19T11:22:09.856796Z
2024-02-25T09:35:52.979531Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
799
de_empire_2
1,126
1,254
Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties
de_empire_2
OTHER_TAG
The Holy Roman Empire during the Hohenstaufen and Welf dynasties (1126 to 1254) represented a period of both significant internal strife and expansion. Spanning regions that include modern-day Germany, Italy, and parts of Eastern and Central Europe. The period is defined by an ongoing competition between the House of W...
null
JR 14.03.24: changing start date from 1138 to 1126 based on discussion with Jakob Zsambok. Previously there was a gap between de_empire_1 and de_empire_2. Also updated the GD.
2024-01-26T14:15:08.249726Z
2024-04-15T14:59:04.617758Z
{'id': 21, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
857
de_empire_minor_1
1,454
1,648
Holy Roman Empire - Minor Imperial States I
de_empire_minor_1
OTHER_TAG
null
Holy Roman Empire Minor States
null
2024-04-10T10:18:20.620179Z
2024-04-10T10:18:20.620217Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
858
de_empire_minor_2
1,649
1,806
Holy Roman Empire - Minor Imperial States II
de_empire_minor_2
OTHER_TAG
null
Holy Roman Empire Minor States
null
2024-04-10T10:18:57.364554Z
2024-04-10T10:18:57.364567Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
797
de_empire_1
919
1,125
Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty
de_empire_1
OTHER_TAG
The Holy Roman Empire encompassed, at various times, the present-day countries of Germany, Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland and Switzerland. It had no central capital. The Emperor did not rule the individual nations in the coalition; thus, it was not a un...
null
null
2024-01-20T14:26:17.780985Z
2024-08-08T09:42:28.140806Z
{'id': 13, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
95
InHoysa
1,108
1,346
Hoysala Kingdom
in_hoysala_k
LEGACY
The Hoysala dynasty ruled over a territory roughly equivalent to the southern Indian state of Karnataka, plus the eastern and southeastern margins of Andhra Pradesh and the northwest corner of Tamil Nadu. §REF§ (Kamath 1980) Suryanath Kamath. 1980. <i>A Concise History of Karnataka: From Pre-historic Times to the Prese...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
15
Deccan
Central India
76.625407
15.386856
Kampli
DEC
India
South Asia
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
811
hu_later_dyn
1,302
1,526
Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties
hu_later_dyn
OTHER_TAG
Following the Árpád dynasty's end, Hungary entered a period marked by the Angevin and Jagiellonian dynasties, leading up to the significant Battle of Mohács in 1526.§REF§László Kontler, Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary (Budapest: Atlantisz, 1999).<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat...
null
null
2024-03-01T11:47:44.608679Z
2024-03-11T12:59:02.413834Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
810
hu_arpad_dyn
1,000
1,301
Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty
hu_arpad_dyn
OTHER_TAG
The Árpád dynasty played a key role in forming the Kingdom of Hungary into an important Christian state in medieval Europe. This period began with Saint Stephen I's coronation, signifying the transition from a collection of Magyar tribes to a unified Christian monarchy. The Magyars, who settled in the Carpathian Basin ...
null
null
2024-03-01T11:39:00.642109Z
2024-03-03T20:47:24.766769Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
154
IdBrokL
1,841
1,987
Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial
id_iban_2
LEGACY
The Kapuasi basin is located in Western Kalimantan, in Borneo, and has long been inhabited by the Iban or Dayak. These are a river people whose culture emphasizes individual resourcefulness, egalitarianism, personal mobility, and opening new land for settlement. §REF§ (Sandin 1980, xi) Sandin, Benedict. 1980. Iban Adat...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
19
Kapuasi Basin
Indonesia
112.405972
0.774121
Borneo
KAL
Indonesia
Southeast Asia
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
153
IdBrokE
1,650
1,841
Iban - Pre-Brooke
id_iban_1
LEGACY
The Kapuasi basin is located in Western Kalimantan, in Borneo, and has long been inhabited by the Iban or Dayak. These are a river people whose culture emphasizes individual resourcefulness, egalitarianism, personal mobility, and opening new land for settlement. §REF§ (Sandin 1980, xi) Sandin, Benedict. 1980. Iban Adat...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
19
Kapuasi Basin
Indonesia
112.405972
0.774121
Borneo
KAL
Indonesia
Southeast Asia
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
115
IsCommw
930
1,262
Icelandic Commonwealth
is_icelandic_commonwealth
LEGACY
Settlers arrived in Iceland in significant numbers starting from the late 9th century CE, mostly from Norway and the Norse colonies in Scotland and Ireland, bringing with them many people indigenous to the latter. However, language and culture were strongly Norse.<br>The Icelandic Commonwealth (Icel. <i>íslenska þjóðve...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
3
Iceland
Northern Europe
-21.891497
64.133088
Reykjavik
IS
Iceland
Europe
17
Northern Europe
Iceland, Scandinavia, Finland, Baltics
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
218
MaIdris
789
917
Idrisids
ma_idrisid_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-11-11T11:21:33.252126Z
{'id': 117, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
3
Maghreb
From Morocco to Libya
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
646
so_ifat_sultanate
1,280
1,375
Ifat Sultanate
so_ifat_sultanate
POL_AFR_EAST
The Ifat Sultanate was one of the earliest Sultanates to be established in the Shoan region of present-day Ethiopia. The Sultanate was founded by Umar Walasma in 1280. The subsequent leaders of this sultanate were thus part of the Walasma Dynasty §REF§ (Hassen 2016, Encyclopedia of Empire) Hassen, Mohammed, 2016. ‘Ifat...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
667
ni_igala_k
1,600
1,900
Igala
ni_igala_k
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
660
ni_igodomingodo
900
1,450
Igodomingodo
ni_igodomingodo
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
172
IrIlkhn
1,256
1,339
Ilkhanate
ir_il_khanate
LEGACY
The Ilkhanate was a state that began under Mongol commander Hulegu who founded the House of Hulegu. §REF§ (Marshall 1993, 229) Robert Marshall. 1993. Storm from the East: From Ghengis Khan to Khubilai Khan. University of California Press. §REF§ The nearly eighty years the dynasty lasted was a time of general economic ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
9
Susiana
Levant-Mesopotamia
48.235564
32.382851
Susa (Shush)
IR
Iran
Southwest Asia
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
661
ni_oyo_emp_2
1,601
1,835
Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́
ni_oyo_emp_2
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
680
se_futa_toro_imamate
1,776
1,860
Imamate of Futa Toro
se_futa_toro_imamate
POL_AFR_WEST
The Imamate of Futa Toro was situated along the Senegal River in present-day northern Senegal and southern Mauritania. The Futa Toro region is south of the Sahara Desert linking it to vital trade routes. §REF§ (Clark, 2005) Clark, Andrew F. 2005. ‘Futa Toro’ In Encyclopedia of African History Volume 1: A-G. Edited by K...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
711
om_busaidi_imamate_1
1,749
1,895
Imamate of Oman and Muscat
om_busaidi_imamate_1
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
2023-10-25T14:02:36.369281Z
2023-10-25T14:02:36.369294Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
44
Arabia
Arabian Peninsula
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
83
PeInca*
1,375
1,532
Inca Empire
pe_inca_emp
LEGACY
The Inkas or Incas were just one of the multiple chiefdoms competing for power after the collapse of the Wari and Tiwanaku polities of the Middle Horizon. §REF§ (D'Altroy 2002, 48) Terence D'Altroy. 2002. <i>The Incas</i>. Oxford: Blackwell. §REF§ And yet, they developed to become the largest indigenous empire in the...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
30
Cuzco
Andes
-72.067772
-13.47738
Cuzco
PE
Peru
South America
32
Andes
From Ecuador to Chile
{'id': 6, 'name': 'South America and Caribbean'}
126
PkIndGr
-180
-10
Indo-Greek Kingdom
pk_indo_greek_k
LEGACY
The Indo-Greek 'kingdom' was created after the Greco-Bactrians invaded northern India from 180 BCE. It consisted of a number of dynastic polities that ruled from regional capitals and formed a single entity only to the extent their rulers were able to collaborate. More than 30 kings are known, who were often in conflic...
null
null
null
2023-11-20T10:59:20.104782Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
352
PkIndPR
-12
100
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
pk_indo_parthian_k
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
7
MxInitl
-2,000
-1,201
Initial Formative Basin of Mexico
mx_basin_of_mexico_2
LEGACY
The Basin or Valley of Mexico is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly corresponding to modern-day Mexico City. Here, we are interested in the phase of its prehistory known as the Initial Formative period (c. 2000-1201 BCE). At the start of this period, maize, squash, and other food crops had been domesticated;...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
27
Basin of Mexico
Mexico
-99.13
19.43
Ciudad de Mexico
MX
Mexico
North America
23
Mexico
Mexico
{'id': 7, 'name': 'North America'}
594
at_interwar_austria
1,918
1,938
Interwar Austria
at_interwar_austria
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-03-12T11:14:57.668315Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
15
Central Europe
Germany, Switzerland, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
757
ir_pahlavi_dyn
1,926
1,979
Iran Pahlavi Dynasty
ir_pahlavi_dyn
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
36
KhMekIA
-500
224
Iron Age Cambodia
kh_cambodia_ia
LEGACY
Provide a descriptive paragraph detailing the key features of the polity, which will help understanding the codes below.
null
null
null
2025-04-17T14:02:19.011128Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
17
Cambodian Basin
Siam
103.8667
13.4125
Angkor Wat
KH
Cambodia
Southeast Asia
41
Mainland Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, south Vietnam
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
654
so_isaaq_sultanate
1,300
1,886
Isaaq Sultanate
so_isaaq_sultanate
POL_AFR_EAST
The Isaaq Sultanate or clan group originated roughly around the fourteenth century with the arrival of Sheikh Isaq, the founder of the Isaaq Somali people, from the Arabian Peninsula. Sheikh Isaq settled in the northeast coast of Somalia at the town of Mait. Today Shiekh Isaq’s domed tomb is still venerated. ref> (Lewi...
null
null
null
2024-11-19T11:19:16.124833Z
{'id': 136, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
478
IqIsinL
-2,004
-1,763
Isin-Larsa
iq_isin_larsa
LEGACY
There were four main settlement types during the Old Babylonian period: large cities, secondary provincial cities, smaller towns, and villages. §REF§ (Liverani 2014, 186) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. <i>The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy</i>. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: <a class=...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
62
Mesopotamia
Iraq, Kuwait
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
767
pk_pakistan_islamic_rep
1,947
2,020
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
pk_pakistan_islamic_rep
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
2023-10-27T10:35:38.492054Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
548
ItRomLA
476
489
Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity
it_italy_k
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
593
it_republic_restoration
1,309
1,378
Italian Republic Restoration Period
it_republic_restoration
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2024-07-16T10:08:12.369839Z
{'id': 74, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
1
Latium
Southern Europe
12.486948
41.890407
Rome
IT
Italy
Europe
18
Southern Europe
Iberia, Italy
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
634
sl_jaffa_k
1,310
1,591
Jaffna
sl_jaffa_k
POL_SA_SI
null
null
null
null
2025-04-15T09:41:14.733829Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
63
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
738
jp_japan_contemporary
1,952
2,020
Japan
jp_japan_contemporary
OTHER_TAG
null
null
null
null
2024-08-09T15:15:08.509261Z
{'id': 78, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
151
JpAzMom
1,568
1,603
Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama
jp_azuchi_momoyama
LEGACY
The Azuchi-Momoyama period (1568-1603 CE), also known as the Shokuho period, is named for the castles built by the warrior rulers Oda Nobunaga (Azuchi) and Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Momoyama). §REF§ (Deal 2005, 11) William E. Deal. 2005. <i>Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Pr...
null
null
null
2023-11-17T10:42:30.255657Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
140
JpJomo3
-5,300
-3,500
Japan - Early Jomon
jp_jomon_3
LEGACY
"Consistent warming and a rising sea level pushed the coastal population farther inland during the Early Jomon period, with the temperature peaking several degrees higher than today toward the end of this stage. Water flooded low valleys, and some Kanto sites are as much as fifty kilometers from the present shore. [......
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
143
JpJomo6
-1,200
-300
Japan - Final Jomon
jp_jomon_6
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
138
JpJomo1
-13,600
-9,200
Japan - Incipient Jomon
jp_jomon_1
LEGACY
"Following the discovery of 'pre-Jomon' pottery in Kyushu and elsewhere, Yamanouchi added an earlier stage that he called Soso-ki (the 'grass-roots' stage). It has been adopted by some and rejected by others on the ground that the pottery is not 'Jomon' and that the subsistence system of this phase was Paleolithic-styl...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
139
JpJomo2
-9,200
-5,300
Japan - Initial Jomon
jp_jomon_2
LEGACY
"Following the discovery of 'pre-Jomon' pottery in Kyushu and elsewhere, Yamanouchi added an earlier stage that he called Soso-ki (the 'grass-roots' stage). It has been adopted by some and rejected by others on the ground that the pottery is not 'Jomon' and that the subsistence system of this phase was Paleolithic-styl...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
142
JpJomo5
-2,500
-1,200
Japan - Late Jomon
jp_jomon_5
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
141
JpJomo4
-3,500
-2,500
Japan - Middle Jomon
jp_jomon_4
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
46
IdCJBun
-400
500
Java - Buni Culture
id_buni
LEGACY
The archaeological culture known as the Buni culture left material remains across the coastal plain of northwestern Java, some of them dating to the first or second century CE §REF§ (Miksic in Glover and Bellwood 2004, 237) §REF§ , though in all likelihood the Buni had existed since the third century BCE. §REF§ (Zahork...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
18
Central Java
Indonesia
110.403498
-6.985678
Semarang
JV
Indonesia
Southeast Asia
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
369
IrJalay
1,336
1,393
Jayarid Khanate
ir_jayarid_khanate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
45
Iran
Iran
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
427
MlJeJe1
-250
49
Jenne-jeno I
ml_jenne_jeno_1
LEGACY
The archaeological site of Jenne-jeno (or Djenné-djenno) is a mound located in the Niger Inland Delta, a region of West Africa just south of the Sahara and part of modern-day Mali, characterized by lakes and floodplains. It was continuously inhabited between 250 BCE and 1400 CE. 'Jenne-jeno I' refers to the period of e...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
428
MlJeJe2
50
399
Jenne-jeno II
ml_jenne_jeno_2
LEGACY
The archaeological site of Jenne-jeno (or Djenné-djenno) is a mound located in the Niger Inland Delta, a region of West Africa just south of the Sahara and part of modern-day Mali, characterized by lakes and floodplains. It was continuously inhabited between 250 BCE and 1400 CE. 'Jenne-jeno II' refers to the period fro...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
430
MlJeJe3
400
899
Jenne-jeno III
ml_jenne_jeno_3
LEGACY
The archaeological site of Jenne-jeno (or Djenné-djenno) is a mound located in the Niger Inland Delta, a region of West Africa just south of the Sahara and part of modern-day Mali, characterized by lakes and floodplains. It was continuously inhabited between 250 BCE and 1400 CE. 'Jenne-jeno III' refers to the period fr...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
431
MlJeJe4
900
1,300
Jenne-jeno IV
ml_jenne_jeno_4
LEGACY
The archaeological site of Jenne-jeno (or Djenné-djenno) is a mound located in the Niger Inland Delta, a region of West Africa just south of the Sahara and part of modern-day Mali, characterized by lakes and floodplains. It was continuously inhabited between 250 BCE and 1300 CE. 'Jenne-jeno IV' refers to the period fro...
null
null
null
2024-01-08T14:01:23.818586Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
6
Niger Inland Delta
Sahel
-3.041703
16.717549
Timbuctu
ML
Mali
Africa
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
245
CnJinSA
-780
-404
Jin
cn_jin_spring_and_autumn
LEGACY
The Spring and Autumn period was a period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty in which strong vassal states competed for dominance. §REF§ (Encyclopedia Britannica n.d.) “Spring and Autumn Period.” Encyclopedia Britannica. <a class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Spring-and-Autumn-Period" rel="nofollow">h...
null
null
null
2024-05-22T14:21:57.861969Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
20
Middle Yellow River Valley
North China
112.517587
34.701825
Luoyang
CN
China
East Asia
58
North China
North China without Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
266
CnLrJin
1,115
1,234
Jin Dynasty
cn_later_great_jin
LEGACY
The Jin Dynasty (also known as the Great Jin or Jurchen Dynasty) ruled north China from 1115 to 1234 CE. §REF§ (Perkins 1999, 246) Dorothy Perkins. 1999. <i>Encyclopedia of China</i>. New York: Routledge. §REF§ The dynasty was founded by a confederation of Jurchen tribes from around Manchuria that defeated the Liao in...
null
JR: this was previously called "Later Jin", but Ruth Mostern pointed out that "Later Jin" is used by Chinese historians to refer to a 17th-c dynasty https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Jin_(1616%E2%80%931636) Request for MB: change polID to cn_later_great_jin
null
2024-04-15T14:46:16.796074Z
{'id': 18, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
20
Middle Yellow River Valley
North China
112.517587
34.701825
Luoyang
CN
China
East Asia
58
North China
North China without Tibet, Inner Mongolia, and Xinjiang
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
679
se_jolof_emp
1,360
1,549
Jolof Empire
se_jolof_emp
POL_AFR_WEST
The Jolof Empire was a Wolof Kingdom that originated as early as the thirteenth century by the leader Ndiadiane N’Diaye. Ndiadine N’Diaye was also the founder of the other Wolof Kingdoms of Waalo and Cayor. Around 1360 CE, the Jolof Empire grew in influence out of the decline of the Mali Empire. The Jolof Empire create...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
270
KrJoseon
1,392
1,567
Joseon Dynasty
kr_joseon
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
608
gm_kaabu_emp
1,500
1,867
Kaabu
gm_kaabu_emp
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
117
PkAcerN
-7,500
-5,500
Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic
pk_kachi_enl
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jarrige, Jean-François, and Jean-François Enault. 1976. “Fouilles de Pirak - Baluchistan.” Arts Asiatiques 32 (...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
118
PkCeraN
-5,500
-4,000
Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic
pk_kachi_lnl
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jarrige, Jean-François, and Jean-François Enault. 1976. “Fouilles de Pirak - Baluchistan.” Arts Asiatiques 32 (...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
119
PkChalc
-4,000
-3,200
Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic
pk_kachi_ca
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jarrige, Jean-François, and Jean-François Enault. 1976. “Fouilles de Pirak - Baluchistan.” Arts Asiatiques 32 (...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
123
PkPostU
-1,800
-1,300
Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period
pk_kachi_post_urban
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. <i>Arts Asiatiques</i> 32: 29-70. §REF...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
120
PkPreUr
-3,200
-2,500
Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period
pk_kachi_pre_urban
LEGACY
The Pre-Urban period in the Indus Valley, also known as the Early Harappan or Early Indus, started around 3200 and ended around 2600 BCE. Here we extend it to include the transitional century or so between the Early and the Mature Harappan. This period was characterized by the spread of farming communities across the I...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
124
PkProto
-1,300
-500
Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period
pk_kachi_proto_historic
LEGACY
The Kachi Plain, in modern-day Pakistan, is hemmed in on two of its three sides by the mountains of Baluchistan, while its southeastern side opens up to the Indus Valley. §REF§ (Jarrige &amp; Enault 1976, 29) Jean-Francois Jarrige and Jean-Francois Enault. 1976. Fouilles de Pirak. <i>Arts Asiatiques</i> 32: 29-70. §REF...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
121
PkUrbn1
-2,500
-2,100
Kachi Plain - Urban Period I
pk_kachi_urban_1
LEGACY
The Mature Harappan culture, also known as the Indus Civilization, emerged around 2500 BCE and, from its core in the Indus and Saraswati Valleys, expanded to the Kachi plain and the Makran coast in the west, to Gujarat in the south, and to the foothills of the Himalayas and the northern borders of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
122
PkUrbn2
-2,100
-1,800
Kachi Plain - Urban Period II
pk_kachi_urban_2
LEGACY
The Mature Harappan culture, also known as the Indus Civilization, emerged around 2500 BCE and, from its core in the Indus and Saraswati Valleys, expanded to the Kachi plain and the Makran coast in the west, to Gujarat in the south, and to the foothills of the Himalayas and the northern borders of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab...
null
null
null
2024-11-21T15:04:18.717297Z
{'id': 116, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
13
Kachi Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain
67.628836
29.377664
Mehrgarh
PK
Pakistan
South Asia
38
Pakistan
Pakistan
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
91
InKadam
345
550
Kadamba Empire
in_kadamba_emp
LEGACY
The Kadamba dynasty ruled over a region that largely falls within the boundaries of the modern-day Indian states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. §REF§ (Moraes [1931] 1990, 47) George Moraes. 1990. <i>The Kadamba Kula</i>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. §REF§ An absolute start date could not be found in the speci...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
15
Deccan
Central India
76.625407
15.386856
Kampli
DEC
India
South Asia
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
407
InKakat
1,175
1,324
Kakatiya Dynasty
in_kakatiya_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2025-04-15T09:37:23.132198Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
703
in_kalabhra_dyn
200
600
Kalabhra Dynasty
in_kalabhra_dyn
POL_SA_SI
The Kalabhra Dynasty ruled from the 3rd century CE to the late 6th or early 7th centuries CE in the Tamil Nadu region of southern India. This period of Kalabhra rule is also known as the Kalabhra Interregnum and is considered the ‘Dark Age’ of Tamil history. §REF§ (Ganesh 2013, 26) Ganesh, K.N. 2013. ‘Transition in Ear...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
406
InKalch
1,157
1,184
Kalachuris of Kalyani
in_kalachuri_emp
LEGACY
null
null
Changing name from "Kalachuri Empire" to "Kalachuris of Kalyani" to distinguish from other Kalachuri dynasties
null
2025-04-08T15:47:53.046421Z
{'id': 68, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
47
IdKalin
500
732
Kalingga Kingdom
id_kalingga_k
LEGACY
Kalingga, or Ho-ling, is a rather enigmatic polity that seems to be mostly known through contemporary Chinese documents. According to these annals, Kalingga was one of two Javanese coastal centres that interacted with the T'ang court in the fifth century CE, the other one being Ho-lo-tan, in the Tarum basin. §REF§ (Tar...
null
null
null
2023-10-23T16:30:35.922541Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
18
Central Java
Indonesia
110.403498
-6.985678
Semarang
JV
Indonesia
Southeast Asia
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}
335
SeKalma
1,397
1,523
Kalmar Union
sv_kalmar_union
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
17
Northern Europe
Iceland, Scandinavia, Finland, Baltics
{'id': 5, 'name': 'Europe'}
148
JpKamak
1,185
1,333
Kamakura Shogunate
jp_kamakura
LEGACY
The Kamakura period (1185-1333 CE) begins with the victory of the Minamoto family over the Taira clan in the Gempei War. In 1192 CE, Minamoto military victory received official recognition when Minatomo no Yoritomo was appointed shogun (great general) by the emperor. §REF§ (Henshall 2012, 35) Kenneth Henshall. 2012. <i...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
389
InKamar
350
1,130
Kamarupa Kingdom
in_kamarupa_k
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-11-14T13:29:27.949671Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
37
Eastern South Asia
Bangladesh + Indian states of West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Sikkim
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
96
InKampi
1,280
1,327
Kampili Kingdom
in_kampili_k
LEGACY
The Kampili Kingdom was a small, short-lived polity founded along the northern shore of the Tunghabadra river. §REF§ (Sinopoli 2003, 74) Carla Sinopoli. 2003. <i>The Political Economy of Craft Production</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. §REF§ An absolute date for its founding could not be found in the speci...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
15
Deccan
Central India
76.625407
15.386856
Kampli
DEC
India
South Asia
40
Southern India
Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
614
cd_kanem
800
1,379
Kanem
cd_kanem
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
220
TdKanem
850
1,380
Kanem Empire
td_kanem
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
5
Sahel
Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad (Arid)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
670
ni_bornu_emp
1,380
1,893
Kanem-Borno
ni_bornu_emp
POL_AFR_WEST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
7
West Africa
From Senegal to Gabon (Tropical)
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
273
UzKangj
-150
350
Kangju
uz_kangju
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
417
in_kannauj_varman_dyn
650
780
Kannauj - Varman Dynasty
in_kannauj_varman_dyn
LEGACY
The Middle Ganga corresponds to the eastern portion of the Upper Ganga Plain, in the eastern part of the north-central modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the state of Bihar. Between c. 650 and 780 CE, it was under the control of the Kannauj polity.<br>Like many other Indian polities between the seventh and the el...
null
null
null
2024-07-19T07:49:51.139664Z
{'id': 56, 'text': 'a new_private_comment_text new approach for polity'}
14
Middle Ganga
Indo-Gangetic Plain
82.7
25.75
Jaunpur
UTPR
India
South Asia
64
North India
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
145
JpKofun
250
537
Kansai - Kofun Period
jp_kofun
LEGACY
The Kofun period is commonly defined by the emergence and spread of mounded tombs, from which derive the word <i>Kofun</i> meaning "old tumulus"(Ko (=ancient) + fun(=tumulus)). §REF§ Mizoguchi, K., 2009.Nodes and edges: A network approach to hierarchisation and state formation in Japan. Journal of Anthropological Archa...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
144
JpYayoi
-300
250
Kansai - Yayoi Period
jp_yayoi
LEGACY
The Yayoi period in the Kansai region (Yayoi period in the Kinki region) is an Iron Age period in Japan marked by the introduction of rice farming, metalworking, cloth making, and new forms of pottery from continental Asia. §REF§ (Mason 1997, 22) Mason, R,H.P and J.G. Caiger. 1997. A History of Japan. Vermont: Tuttle ...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
21
Kansai
Northeast Asia
135.7622
35.02528
Kyoto
JP
Japan
East Asia
14
Northeast Asia
Korea, Japan, forest part of Manchuria, Russian Far East
{'id': 4, 'name': 'East Asia'}
294
TmKarKh
1,137
1,218
Kara Khitai Khanate
tm_kara_khitai_khanate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-11-14T16:27:55.321565Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
289
KgKarKh
950
1,212
Kara-Khanids
kg_kara_khanid_dyn
LEGACY
Karakhanids were a Buddhist nomadic tribe from Kashgar who converted to Islam sometime in the 950s CE §REF§ (Starr 2013) Starr, S. Frederick. 2013. Lost Enlightenment: Central Asia's Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane. Princeton University Press. Princeton. §REF§ After their conversion, the Karakhanids "ac...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
23
Sogdiana
Turkestan
66.93817
39.631284
Samarkand
UZ
Uzbekistan
Central Eurasia
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
686
Karagwe
1,500
1,916
Karagwe
tz_karagwe_k
POL_AFR_EAST
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
2
East Africa
Tanzania, Burundi, Uganda, So Sudan, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea
{'id': 2, 'name': 'Africa'}
395
InKarkt
625
1,339
Karkota Dynasty
in_karkota_dyn
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-11-14T13:37:34.845893Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
64
North India
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
410
InKashm
1,346
1,580
Kashmiri Sultanate
in_kashmiri_sultanate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
2023-11-14T14:44:29.459436Z
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
64
North India
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal
{'id': 9, 'name': 'South Asia'}
342
IqBabKs
-1,595
-1,150
Kassite Babylonia
iq_babylonia_2
LEGACY
The Kassites invaded Babylon from the north-west after the Hittites ended the First Empire. The Hittites did not establish their presence in Babylonia and, instead, the Kassites took the throne and ruled over Babylonia, although it was a smaller empire than the First Empire. §REF§ Gill, A. 2008. Gateway of the Gods:...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
8
Southern Mesopotamia
Levant-Mesopotamia
44.42
32.47
Babylon (Hillah)
IQ
Iraq
Southwest Asia
62
Mesopotamia
Iraq, Kuwait
{'id': 11, 'name': 'Southwest Asia'}
892
kz_kazakh_khanate_1
1,465
1,718
Kazakh Khanate I
kz_kazakh_khanate_1
OTHER_TAG
null
Kazakh Khanate
1718 marks breakup of the Khanate after the death of Tauke Khan
2024-07-03T14:06:58.162856Z
2024-07-03T14:06:58.162868Z
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
893
kz_kazakh_khanate_2
1,719
1,847
Kazakh Khanate II
kz_kazakh_khanate_2
OTHER_TAG
null
Kazakh Khanate
null
2024-07-03T14:08:33.641357Z
2024-07-03T14:08:33.641373Z
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
13
Turkestan
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakstan, Xinjiang
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
298
RuKazan
1,438
1,552
Kazan Khanate
ru_kazan_khanate
LEGACY
null
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
null
10
Pontic-Caspian
The steppe belt of Ukraine and European Russia
{'id': 3, 'name': 'Central and Northern Eurasia'}
49
IdKedir
1,049
1,222
Kediri Kingdom
id_kediri_k
LEGACY
The kingdom of Kediri ruled over a territory roughly corresponding to the modern-day province of East Java, at least based on the locations where its rulers' inscriptions have been found. §REF§ (Sedwayati in Ooi 2004 (b), 707) §REF§ Midway through the eleventh century CE, the Javanese monarch Airlangga split his realm...
null
null
null
null
{'id': 1, 'text': 'NO_PRIVATE_COMMENTS'}
18
Central Java
Indonesia
110.403498
-6.985678
Semarang
JV
Indonesia
Southeast Asia
42
Maritime Southeast Asia
Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
{'id': 10, 'name': 'Southeast Asia'}