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[ { "content": "the experimental evidence of the theoretically predicted skyrmions in non - centrosymmetric compounds with dzyloshinskii - moriya interaction has intrigued many scientists over the last years.@xcite recently , the preparation of thin films of b20 type mnsi on silicon substrates @xcite has offered ...
[ { "content": "piecewise isometries have rich dynamical phenomena and they sometimes produce fractal - like pictures . to define these maps , \n let @xmath5 be a subset of @xmath6 with a finite partition @xmath7 . \n a piecewise isometry @xmath8 is a map such that the restriction of @xmath9 to each @xmath10 is a...
[ { "content": "many complex systems in various areas of science exhibit a spatio - temporal dynamics that is inhomogeneous and can be effectively described by a superposition of several statistics on different scales , in short a superstatistics @xcite . \n the superstatistics notion was introduced in @xcite , i...
[ { "content": "the leading models for gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) , bursts of 0.1 - 1 mev photons typically lasting for 0.1 - 100 seconds ( fishman & meegan 1995 ) , involve a relativistic wind emanating from a compact central source . \n the ultimate energy source is rapid accretion onto a newly formed stellar m...
[ { "content": "in a typical instance of a combinatorial optimization problem the underlying constraints model a static application frozen in one time step . in many applications \n however , one needs to solve instances of the combinatorial optimization problem that changes over time . while this is naturally ha...
[ { "content": "our work is concerned with the kinetics of electrons in a stellar atmosphere , modelled as a parallel - plane slab irradiated on a face . \n our models of atmospheres start in the deep layers of stars , where the radiative field can be described in the diffusion approximation , and end with the la...
[ { "content": "in the textbooks of quantum mechanics the solution of schrdinger equation and the consequent results are illustrated through simple one - dimensional potentials . for discrete bound states the square well@xcite and double wells@xcite are studied . \n square well , square barrier and semi - infinit...
[ { "content": "core collapse of massive stars which lead to supernovae ( sne ) of type ib , c and ii are in some cases associated with long duration ( @xmath0-@xmath1 s ) gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) , as evidenced by observed correlations of grb 980425/sn 1998bw , grb 021211/sn 2002lt , grb 030329/sn 2003dh and ...
[ { "content": "the shape of the stellar body of a galaxy reflects its formation process . \n reconstructing the intrinsic , three - dimensional shapes of spiral galaxies from their shapes projected on the sky has a long tradition , and proved to be an exquisitely accurate and precise approach , especially once s...
[ { "content": "dependence logic @xcite is an extension of first - order logic which adds _ dependence atoms _ of the form @xmath0 to it , with the intended interpretation of `` the value of the term @xmath1 is a function of the values of the terms @xmath2 . '' \n the introduction of such atoms is roughly equival...
[ { "content": "this work was supported by the singapore - mit alliance under the hpces program . \n 10 c. cercignani , _ the boltzmann equation and its applications _ , springer - verlag , new york , 1988 . \n g. chen , _ nanoscale energy transport and conversion _ , oxford , new york , 2005 . v. \n l. gurevich ...
[ { "content": "if one combines today s standard model of particle physics ( sm ) and that of cosmology , one finds inevitably that particles and their antiparticles annihilate at a very early moment in the evolution of the universe , leaving just radiation behind . \n the absence of a sizable matter - antimatter...
[ { "content": "most biopolymers , such as rnas @xcite , proteins @xcite and genomic dna @xcite , are found in folded configurations . \n folding involves the formation of one or more intramolecular interactions , termed contacts . \n proper folding of these molecules is often necessary for their function . \n in...
[ { "content": "the identification of the physical mechanisms responsible for the dissipation of turbulence in the solar wind , and for the resulting heating of the solar wind plasma , remains an important and unsolved problem of heliospheric physics . \n an important clue to this problem is the observed non - ze...
[ { "content": "block copolymers , constructed by linking together chemically distinct subchains or blocks , spontaneously assemble into exquisitely ordered soft materials@xcite . the self - assembled order structures , spanning length scales from a few nanometers to several micrometers , offer a diverse and expa...
[ { "content": "the possibility of altering and controlling the spin - state of a single magnetic ion or of a small magnetic cluster with an external probe represents a unique opportunity towards the understanding and the exploitation of the magnetic interaction at the most microscopic level . \n possible areas o...
[ { "content": "recall a polynomial @xmath0 is _ postcritically finite _ if the forward orbits of its critical points are finite . \n then the filled julia set of @xmath1 contains a forward invariant , finite topological tree , called the _ hubbard tree _ @xcite . \n the _ core entropy _ of @xmath1 is the topolog...
[ { "content": "solving the motion of a system of @xmath0 particles interacting through their mutual gravitational forces has long been one of the important themes in physics @xcite . \n though an exact solution is known in the @xmath1 case in newtonian theory , in the context of the general theory of relativity ...
[ { "content": "a central open question in classical fluid dynamics is whether the incompressible three - dimensional euler equations with smooth initial conditions develop a singularity after a finite time . \n a key result was established in the late eighties by beale , kato and majda ( bkm ) . \n the bkm theor...
[ { "content": "most elementary treatments of reflecting surfaces restrict their attention to the spherical case . in this standard case , and assuming the paraxial approximation ( all angles are small and all rays are close to the optical axis ) , the resulting equation relating the _ axial _ object and image po...
[ { "content": "in spite of being iso - structural and iso - valent to the cubic perovskite @xmath8k superconductor @xmath5 @xcite , @xmath4 remains in the normal metal state down to @xmath9k @xcite . \n the specific heat measurements indicate that the absence of superconductivity in @xmath4 may be due to a subst...
[ { "content": "owing to typical astronomical timescales , a galaxy s spiral arms are often considered as a fixed pattern . \n so , too , for the numerous , tightly wound spiral waves detected in saturn s rings . \n in fact , both systems are dynamically active , with waves traveling away from resonant sites . \n...
[ { "content": "( anti-)strangeness enhancement was first observed at cern - sps energies by comparing anti - hyperons , multi - strange baryons , and kaons to @xmath10-data . \n it was considered a signature for quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) because , using binary strangeness production and exchange reactions , che...
[ { "content": "in the case of small antiferromagnetic correlation lengths @xmath48 , corresponding to the overdoped regime , the rpa should be a reasonable approximation for the spin susceptibility . the dashed line in fig . \n 1 shows the imaginary part of @xmath49 for @xmath50 using the parameters tb2 in table...
[ { "content": "consider supercritical bond - percolation on @xmath0 , @xmath1 , and the simple random walk on the ( unique ) infinite cluster . in @xcite \n sidoravicius and sznitman asked the following question : is it true that for a.e . \n configuration in which the origin belongs to the infinite cluster , ...
[ { "content": "the validity of the optically thin approximation for coronal plasma has been discussed in the literature since the beginnings of solar x - ray and euv spectroscopy ( pottasch 1963 , and references therein ) . \n resonance scattering of @xmath015.01 ( @xmath1 , known as `` 3c '' ) , in particular ...
[ { "content": "hadronic properties at finite temperature and baryon density are of great importance in the phenomenology of heavy ions collisions , star interior and the early universe . \n moreover , the theoretical expectation of transitions to a chirally symmetric phase and , perhaps , to a quark - gluon plas...
[ { "content": "the last decade brought a dynamic evolution of the computing capabilities of graphics processing units ( gpus ) . in that time , the performance of a single card increased from tens of gflops in nvxx to tflops in the newest kepler / maxwell nvidia chips @xcite . \n this raw processing power did n...
[ { "content": "galactic winds are observed to be ubiquitous in galaxies that have recently experienced significant amounts star formation ( see e.g. , * ? ? ? * for a review ) . \n these outflows represent a fundamental part of galaxy formation models , because the absence of outflows galaxy star formation rates...
[ { "content": "x - ray emission is a major contributor to the observed spectrum of seyfert galaxies , and yet the physics of the emitting region is still not well understood . \n the most common and ( thus far ) successful approach to this problem , to which we shall refer as the ` spectral approach ' ( sa ) , m...
[ { "content": "recent years have seen a great expansion of topological quantum materials beyond time - reversal - invariant topological insulators @xcite , driven by the search for symmetry - protected topological ( spt ) states of matter that are distinct from trivial states only in the presence of certain symm...
[ { "content": "the general solution for an asymptotically flat black hole in the einstein - maxwell theory is given by the kerr - newman solution . \n it describes an electrically charged rotating black hole with its three parameters : mass , charge and angular momentum . \n a systematic study of the fields dyna...
[ { "content": "distant powerful radio galaxies are important laboratories for studying the formation and evolution of massive galaxies , because they are among the most luminous and largest known galaxies in the early universe and likely progenitors of dominant cluster galaxies ( e.g. * ? ? ? \n they are general...
[ { "content": "_ real projective 3-space _ , @xmath2 , \n is defined to be the quotient @xmath3 , where @xmath4 is the antipodal relation @xmath5 and can be thought of as the disk , @xmath6 , with antipodal boundary points identified . \n projective space has a non - trivial first homology group , @xmath7 . \n t...
[ { "content": "bose - einstein condensates ( becs ) of trapped alkali atoms have internal degrees of freedom due to the hyperfine spin of the atoms . \n when a bec is trapped in a magnetic potential , these degrees of freedom are frozen and the state of the bec is described at a mean - field level by a scalar or...
[ { "content": "hydromagnetic dynamos can be understood as magnetic instabilities driven by a special flow pattern in fluid conductors . \n there are , however , strong restrictions on the characteristics of such flows ( see dudley & james 1989 ) as well as on the geometry of the resulting magnetic fields @xcite ...
[ { "content": "like the fundamental plane for early type galaxies @xcite the tully - fisher relation for disc galaxies embodies fundamental implications for the relationship between the mass of the galaxy , its star - formation history , specific angular momentum and dark matter content and distribution . bro...
[ { "content": "the nonlinear differential equation @xmath1 appears in the modeling of certain phenomena in plasma physics @xcite . in @xcite , mickens calculates the period of its periodic orbits and also uses the @xmath2-th order harmonic balance method ( hbm ) , for @xmath3 , to obtain approximations of these...
[ { "content": "disk galaxy mergers are believed to be responsible for triggering a variety of global _ and _ nuclear responses in galaxies . \n the global effects have been well documented , both with observations , starting with zwicky s extensive work ( 1950 , 1956 , 1964 ) , and with numerical simulations , f...
[ { "content": "in @xcite , a proof of a formula for the restriction of a discrete series representation ( see @xcite ) of a connected , linear , semisimple lie group to a maximal compact subgroup is given . \n this formula was first conjectured by blattner . \n we recall the formula and its context briefly , fro...
[ { "content": "after many years of pure academic research , the casimir effect @xcite is presently of much interest in connection with applications in nanomechanical devices @xcite , noncontact friction @xcite , carbon nanotubes @xcite , bose - einstein condensation @xcite and for constraining predictions of mod...
[ { "content": "a mapping @xmath1 , where the dependence on the continuous parameter is smooth , is called a _ semidiscrete surface_. let us connect @xmath2 with @xmath3 by segments for all possible pares @xmath4 . \n the resulting piecewise smooth surface is a _ piecewise ruled surface_. in this paper we study i...
[ { "content": "the effects of absorption and scattering by interstellar dust grains on the structural parameters of galaxies has been a long - standing and controversial issue . the only way to tackle \n this problem is to properly solve the continuum radiative transfer equation , taking into account realistic g...
[ { "content": "our title clearly alludes to the story of columbus landing in what he called the west indies \" , which later on turned out to be part of the new world \" . \n i have substituted antarctica in place of the new world \" , following a quip from frank paige after he realized that i was talking all...
[ { "content": "boutet de monvel s calculus @xcite is a pseudodifferential calculus on manifolds with boundary . \n it includes the classical differential boundary value problems as well as the parametrices to elliptic elements . \n many operator - algebraic aspects of this algebra ( spectral invariance , noncomm...
[ { "content": "the mixed volume is one of the fundamental notions in the theory of convex bodies . \n it plays a central role in the brunn \n minkowski theory and in the theory of sparse polynomial systems . \n the mixed volume is the polarization of the volume form on the space of convex bodies in @xmath2 . \n ...
[ { "content": "ultraluminous infrared galaxies ( ulirgs ) have quasar - like bolometric luminosities ( @xmath5 ) dominated by the far - infrared ( 81000@xmath6 m ) part of the spectrum ( sanders & mirabel , 1996 ) . almost all ulirgs are interacting or merging galaxies ( clements et al . \n 1996 ) , possibly lin...
[ { "content": "the multiobjective optimization problem ( moop ) is to optimize two or more objective functions simultaneously , subject to given constraints . \n the multiobjective optimization can be applied to problems where the final decision should be made considering two or more conflicting objectives . \n ...
[ { "content": "multipole radiofrequency ion traps @xcite , in particular the 22-pole ion trap @xcite , are versatile devices used in laser spectroscopy @xcite and investigations of chemical reaction processes @xcite of atomic and molecular ions . \n high order multipole traps offer a large field free region in t...
[ { "content": "experimental investigations of the rheology of concentrated suspensions often involve a vane - in - cup geometry ( see @xcite for a review ) . \n the vane tool offers two main advantages over other geometries . \n first , it allows the study of the properties of structured materials with minimal d...
[ { "content": "currently a number of intense mid - infrared light sources are being developed @xcite , spurred on by their uses in sub - attosecond pulse generation @xcite , strong - field holography @xcite and laser - induced electron diffraction @xcite . \n the low frequency and high intensity of these new sou...
[ { "content": "plasma oscillations in solids are possibly the simplest manifestation of collective effects in condensed matter , and their understanding in terms of _ plasmon _ modes one of the earliest triumphs of quantum many - body theory . \n @xcite on the experimental side , collective charge - density fluc...
[ { "content": "physical models often involve phenomenological parameters or auxiliary fields characterizing the background spacetime or the background media . in most cases , dynamics of the model depend smoothly ( continuously and differentiably ) on the values of the background parameter . \n a non - smooth fu...
[ { "content": ".the `` half - split '' @xmath3 magic square of lie algebras . [ cols=\"^,^,^,^,^\",options=\"header \" , ] an analogous problem has been analyzed for the @xmath4 magic square , which is shown in table [ 2x2 ] ; the interpretation of the first two rows was discussed in @xcite ; see also @xc...
[ { "content": "the interaction of intense laser pulses with overdense plasmas has attracted much interest for the fast ignitor concept in inertial fusion energy @xcite . \n the interaction of ultrashort intense laser pulses with thin solid targets have also been of great interest for the application to high ener...
[ { "content": "pairing correlations play an essential role in the determination of the ground - state structure of the vast majority of atomic nuclei . among its treatments , \n an easy but still enough accurate one is to consider only single - particle states near the fermi level while the effects of the other ...
[ { "content": "the detection of x - ray , optical and radio afterglows from some well - localized gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) definitely shows that at least most long grbs are of cosmological origin ( e.g. , costa et al . \n 1997 ; frail et al . 1997 ; galama et al . 1998 ; akerlof et al . 1999 ; zhu et al . 199...
[ { "content": "the interaction between a movable mirror and the radiation field of an optical cavity has recently been the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental investigations . these optomechanical systems couple the mechanical motion to an optical field directly via radiation pressure buildup in a ...
[ { "content": "the searches for the higgs boson and new phenomena beyond the standard model of fundumental interactions are important tasks for the new particle accelerator the large hadron collider . the most popular direction beyond the sm is low energy supersymmetry . \n however , it is not clear how supersy...
[ { "content": "the random - field ising model ( rfim ) @xcite has been extensively studied both because of its interest as a simple frustrated system and because of its relevance to experiments @xcite . \n the hamiltonian describing the model is @xmath4 where @xmath5 are ising spins , @xmath6 is the nearest - ...
[ { "content": "the kuiper belt is a long - lived region of the solar system just beyond neptune where the planetisimals have not coalesced into a planet . \n it contains about 80,000 objects with radii greater than 50 km ( trujillo , jewitt & luu 2001 ) which have been collisionally processed and gravitationally...
[ { "content": "the ising model is a prototype of a statistical mechanical model for studying order - disorder transitions . \n it is also the first statistical model which has led to exact solution in one and two dimensions . since its inception@xcite \n this model has triggered an intense effort in investigatio...
[ { "content": "the @xmath8-state potts model can be represented as the correlated site - bond percolation in terms of fortuin - kasteleyn clusters @xcite . at the critical point of the second order phase transition , \n the infinite cluster is formed . \n this cluster crosses the system connecting the opposite ...
[ { "content": "type ia supernovae ( sne ia ) have proven to be effective standardizable candles and their high peak luminosity has made them excellent cosmological probes . an empirically determined relation between light - curve properties and peak absolute magnitude @xcite has yielded improved estimates of th...
[ { "content": "the _ egret _ experiment aboard the _ compton gamma ray observatory _ has detected more than 50 blazars extending out to redshifts greater than 2 ( thompson , _ et al . _ \n it is expected that @xmath0-rays from blazars with energies above the threshold energy for electron - positron pair product...
[ { "content": "cosmic bursts of gamma - rays are some of the most elusive and mysterious events in the universe . typical burst lasts less than a minute and disappears thereafter . \n however , since the _ bepposax _ s first discovery on 1997 february 28 ( costa et al . 1997 ) it is known that gamma - ray bursts...
[ { "content": "the layered organic material 3 ( ai3 ) , which has been studied since the 1980s,@xcite has recently attracted renewed interest because it reveals low - energy massless dirac fermions under hyrdostatic pressure ( @xmath2 gpa).@xcite compared to graphene , certainly the most popular material with lo...
[ { "content": "the unwavering obsession to which the title refers applies only to the first author since the other co - authors are still too young to be obsessed by such a thing as the mass distribution of white dwarf stars . as early as 1976 \n , it was suggested that below @xmath0 k , convective mixing be...
[ { "content": "imagine a space craft travelling with constant speed along an unknown and possibly quite irregular closed path @xmath15 in an unexplored territory of the universe . \n after some time @xmath16 the loop is completed at least once , and the only data the astronauts can measure at time @xmath17 are t...
[ { "content": "diffusion in stationary states may be encountered either in equilibrium , where no macroscopic mass or energy fluxes are present in a system of many diffusing particles , or away from equilibrium , where diffusion is often driven by a density gradient between two open segments of the surface that ...
[ { "content": "microscopic _ ab - initio _ many - body approaches have significantly progressed in recent years @xcite . \n nowdays , due to increased computing power and novel techniques , _ ab - initio _ calculations are able to reproduce a large number of observables for atomic nuclei with mass up to a=14 . \...
[ { "content": "we will start by recalling from @xcite how to define intersection numbers in the algebraic setting . \n we will connect this with the natural topological idea of intersection number already discussed in the introduction . \n consider two simple closed curves @xmath1 and @xmath2 on a closed orienta...
[ { "content": "in this paper , the novel statistical problem of deriving asymptotic results for nested random sequences of statistical descriptors for data in a non - euclidean space is considered . \n it can be viewed as a generalization of classical pca s asymptotics , e.g. by @xcite , where , as a consequence...
[ { "content": "there is almost irrefutible evidence for an increase in the star formation density with redshift , as demonstrated by emission line and continuum star formations tracers in wavebands from the ultraviolet to the submillimeter and radio wavebands . \n this evolution appears to be stronger for tracer...
[ { "content": "_ steganography _ is a scientific discipline within the field known as _ data hiding _ , \n concerned with hiding information into a commonly used media , in such a way that no one apart from the sender and the intended recipient can detect the presence of embedded data . \n a comprehensive overvi...
[ { "content": "we present new measurements of the @xmath4 and @xmath5 absolute branching fractions , their ratio , and measurements of the semileptonic form factors controlling these decays.@xmath11 modes as @xmath12 decays , and use the clebsch - gordan factor 1.5 to correct for @xmath13 decays , which we do no...
[ { "content": "the theoretical treatment of the longstanding problem of turbulent flows @xcite has to relate dynamical systems theory with non - equilibrium statistical physics @xcite . \n the central notion of physical turbulence theory is the concept of the energy cascade , highlighting the fact that turbulent...
[ { "content": "the `` metallic - lined '' or am stars are a - type stars which have strong absorption lines of some metals such as zn , sr , zr and ba and weaker lines of other metals such as ca and/or sc relative to their spectral type as determined by the strength of the hydrogen lines @xcite . \n the strong m...
[ { "content": "fe - based superconductors ( febs ) represent a non - cuprate class of high-@xmath9 systems with the unconventional superconducting state . the origin of the latter is still debated . in general , \n febs can be divided into the two subclasses , pnictides and chalcogenides @xcite , with the squar...
[ { "content": "the presence of impurities usually deeply modify the nature of the spectrum of a quantum system , and thus its coherence and transport properties . in the absence of interactions , if the impurity distribution is completely random , all states of the spectrum are exponentially localized in dimensi...
[ { "content": "the scope of the growing field of complexity science `` ( or complex systems '' ) includes a broad variety of problems belonging to different scientific areas . \n examples for complex systems `` can be found in physics , biology , computer science , ecology , economy , sociology and other fields ...
[ { "content": "the first gravitationally lensed quasar @xcite has been discovered more than 30 years ago , turning gravitational lensing from an obscure theoretical field into a mainstream observational one . \n more than 100 strongly lensed quasars have been discovered to date , and it has convincingly been dem...
[ { "content": "neutrino masses , baryogenesis , dark matter and the acoustic peaks in the power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) radiation require an extension of the standard model of particle physics . the supersymmetric standard model with right - handed neutrinos and spontaneously broken @...
[ { "content": "because many natural systems are organized as networks , in which the nodes ( be they cells , individuals , populations or web servers ) interact in a time - dependent fashion the study of networks has been an important focus in recent research . \n one of the particular points of interest has be...
[ { "content": "all authors acknowledge funding from grants erc magreps 267 862 , fp7 grant infernos 308850 , icrea academia 2013 and fis2013 - 47796- p. all data used in this study are included in the main text and in the supplementary materials . \n j.c .- s . and a.a . \n equally contributed to this work . ...
[ { "content": "hadrons are the bound states of the strong interaction which is described by the quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) in the framework of yang - mills gauge theory \n . one of the main goals of the hadron physics is to understand the composition of hadrons in terms of quarks and gluons . \n the quark mo...
[ { "content": "frequently it is the case in the study of real - world complex networks that we observe essentially a sample from a larger network . \n there are many reasons why sampling in networks is often unavoidable and , in some cases , even desirable . \n sampling , for example , has long been a necessary...
[ { "content": "in a graph @xmath14 , an independent set @xmath15 is a subset of the vertices of @xmath0 such that no two vertices in @xmath15 are adjacent . \n the independence number @xmath2 is the cardinality of a largest set of independent vertices and an independent set of size @xmath2 is called an @xmath16-...
[ { "content": "macroscopic quantum systems such as superconductors and superfluids are the remarkable consequence of many of bosonic particles occupying the same lowest energy state , and thus forming a bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) . \n the design of closely spaced two dimensional electron systems ( 2des )...
[ { "content": "in recent years , renewable energy has gained much popularity and attention because of it s potential in economic and environmental advantages . some of the benefits include- high stainability , low carbon emission , reduction of environmental impact , saving fuel cost and so on . \n other advanta...
[ { "content": "in this paper we present a novel algorithm to parallelize the direct summation method for astrophysical @xmath1-body problems , either with and without the individual timestep algorithm . \n the proposed algorithm works also with the ahmad - cohen neighbor scheme @xcite , or with grape special - p...
[ { "content": "the purpose of this paper is to outline the fundamental role the mittag - leffler function in renewal processes that are relevant in the theories of anomalous diffusion . as a matter of fact the interest in this function in statistical physics and probability theory \n has recently increased as is...
[ { "content": "a gamma - ray burst ( grb ) event comprises two phases , prompt emission and afterglow . \n the prompt @xmath1-ray emission is usually highly variable , with many pulses overlapping within a short duration ( fishman & meegan 1995 ) . \n the power density spectra ( pdss ) of the light curves are ty...
[ { "content": "markov s principle has a special status in constructive mathematics . one way to formulate this principle \n is that if it is impossible that a given algorithm does not terminate , then it does terminate . \n it is equivalent to the fact that if a set of natural number and its complement are both ...
[ { "content": "quintessence ( caldwell et al . 1998 ) or dark energy is a new component of the cosmic medium that has been introduced in order to explain the dimming of distant snia ( riess et al . \n 1998 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) through an accelerated expansion while at the same time saving the inflationar...
[ { "content": "the production of heavy quarkonium offers a unique perspective into the process of hadronization , because the creation of the relevant valence partons , the heavy quarks , is essentially perturbative . \n quarkonium production and decay have been the subject of a vast theoretical literature and o...
[ { "content": "there are a few facts about the universe we live in that we have now become certain of . \n one such fact is that our universe is expanding . in 1929 \n edwin hubble discovered that distant galaxies appear to be receding from us with velocity proportional to their distance ( see fig . \n [ hubble ...
[ { "content": "to compile the sample , image fields from the vla - first survey ( becker et al . \n 1995 ) containing components bright and extended enough to judge the source morphologies were inspected by - eye . \n this gave an initial 100 candidates with extended winged emission ( fig . 1 ; cheung 2006 ) . ...
[ { "content": "nonlocal conserved charges play the central role in quantum integrability @xcite . for the superstring in @xmath0 \n their existence was proven in the classical sigma - model in @xcite using the green - schwarz - metsaev - tseytlin formalism , and in @xcite using the pure spinor formalism . \n the...
[ { "content": "owing to recent progress in nanotechnology and materials science , nano- and micro - mechanics @xcite have emerged as subjects of great interest due to their potential use in demonstrating macroscopic quantum phenomena , and possible applications in precision measurements , detecting gravitationa...