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[ { "content": "the past decade has seen a series of anomalies emerge in short baseline ( sbl ) neutrino oscillation experiments which can not be explained within the three active neutrino framework of the standard model ( sm ) . here \n , sbl refers to experiments with the ratio of the oscillation distance over ...
[ { "content": "quantum entanglement plays a vital role in many practical quantum information system , such as quantum teleportation @xcite , quantum dense coding @xcite , and quantum cryptography @xcite . \n entangled states of higher - dimensional systems are of great interest owing to the extended possibilitie...
[ { "content": "electrical impedance tomography ( eit ) is a recently developed non - invasive imaging technique , where the inner structure of a reference object can be recovered from the current and voltage measurements on the object s surface . \n it is fast , inexpensive , portable and requires no ionizing ra...
[ { "content": "proton capture reactions at a very low temperature play an important role in nucleosynthesis process . \n most importantly , in explosive nucleosynthesis ( _ e.g. _ an x - ray burst ) , the rapid proton capture ( @xmath0 ) process is responsible for the production of proton - rich isotopes upto ma...
[ { "content": "the inflation theory is one of the most successful theories of modern cosmology . having a period of very rapidly accelerating expansion \n , it can not only solve many theoretical problems in cosmology , such as flatness , horizon , monopole and so on , but also gives the right amount of primordi...
[ { "content": "the study of stellar - forming regions ( sfr ) and young clusters is key for a complete understanding of cloud collapse and for evaluating star - formation mechanisms . \n one of the main aims is the search for patterns in the phase - space ( in the classical dynamical sense of the term ) and its ...
[ { "content": "the investigation of the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic ultrathin films is a field of intense current interest.@xcite among the different experimental methods the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility @xmath0 is a very powerful method for the analysis of such thin film systems.@xcite th...
[ { "content": "on the space @xmath5 consider the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets , the corresponding @xmath6-field of the borel sets , and @xmath7 the measure on @xmath8 under which the coordinate the processes @xmath9 are independent standard brownian motions . also let @xmath10 , and equip i...
[ { "content": "the analyses reported in this talk were performed using either a sample of @xmath9 @xmath7 events or a sample of @xmath10 @xmath8 events collected with the upgraded beijing spectrometer ( besii ) detector @xcite at the beijing electron - positron collider ( bepc ) . \n a new structure , denoted a...
[ { "content": "the following attributes all make an optimization problem more difficult : having an objective function with an unknown and possibly large number of local minima , being constrained , having nonlinear constraints , having inequality constraints , having both discrete and continuous variables . \n ...
[ { "content": "nmt would like thank hitesh changlani , cyrus umrigar , adam holmes , bryan ogorman , bryan clark , and jonathan moussa for useful discussions . \n this work was supported through the scientific discovery through advanced computing ( scidac ) program funded by the u.s . \n department of energy , o...
[ { "content": "the nuclear dynamics is a complex problem joining all the puzzling aspects of quantum mechanics to the difficulties of many - body systems . besides these factors \n , the strong interaction , which is up to date not completely understood , adds new challenges for calculations in the nonperturbati...
[ { "content": "core - collapse supernova remnants ( snrs ) are more or less aspherical in their morphology ( lopez et al . \n 2011 ) . the asymmetries could be caused by external shaping from non - uniform ambient medium ( tenorio - tagle et al . \n 1985 ) , the dense slow winds of progenitor stars ( blondin et ...
[ { "content": "magnetic fields on the sun exist in a large variety of phenomena and interact in various ways with the plasma and the radiation . in the convection zone \n large and small scale magnetic fields are generated . \n these magnetic fields are partially transported into the outer layers of the sun , i....
[ { "content": "j. a. noble is a royal commission for the exhibition of 1851 research fellow \n * corresponding author : s. coussan , stephane.coussan@univ-amu.fr", "role": "user" }, { "content": "in the quest to understand the formation of the building blocks of life , amorphous solid water ( asw ) ...
[ { "content": "superconductivity ( s ) and ferromagnetism ( f ) are two competing phenomena . on one hand \n a bulk superconductor expels the magnetic field ( meissner effect ) . on the other hand the magnetic field for @xmath4 \n destroys the superconductivity . \n this fact is due to the unequal symmetry in ti...
[ { "content": "dna microarrays allow the comparison of the expression levels of all genes in an organism in a single experiment , which often involve different conditions ( _ i.e. _ health - illness , normal - stress ) , or different discrete time points ( _ i.e. _ cell cycle ) @xcite . among other applications ...
[ { "content": "one of the assumptions underpinning the conventional navier - stokes - fourier set of equations is that of local thermodynamic equilibrium . this assumption allows the representation of thermodynamic variables ( e.g. temperature , density , pressure ) as locally constant at a given time and posit...
[ { "content": "a quantum finite automaton ( qfa ) is a model for a quantum computer with a finite memory . \n qfas can recognize the same languages as classical finite automata but they can be exponentially more space efficient than their classical counterparts @xcite . to recognize an arbitrary regular langu...
[ { "content": "in past decades , there have been tremendous efforts on designing high - order accurate numerical schemes for compressible fluid flows and great success has been achieved . \n high - order accurate numerical schemes were pioneered by lax and wendroff @xcite , and extended into the version of high ...
[ { "content": "considerable observational evidence has built up over the past few years that a substantial fraction of the massive galaxies around us today were already massive at very early epochs . \n this evidence comes primarily from three sources : * studies of local massive elliptical galaxies indicate ...
[ { "content": "the heavy - ion collision can be divided into several successive processes including formation of quark - gluon plasma ( qgp ) and hadronization , etc . \n some of such processes are believed to exist shortly after the big bang and explain the interior of compact stellar objects . on the other han...
[ { "content": "the paradigm of cosmic inflation @xcite is one of the main pillars of modern cosmology . \n not only does inflation account for the vast size of the observable universe and its high degree of homogeneity and isotropy on cosmological scales ; it also seeds the post - inflationary formation of stru...
[ { "content": "disorder - averaged observables , e.g. , the density of states or conductivity , calculated perturbatively in disorder strength using action in dimensions @xmath3 contain ultravioletly - divergent contributions that require an appropriate renormalisation - group treatment . in this paper \n we ...
[ { "content": "evolving random graphs have recently attracted attention , see e.g. refs @xcite and references therein . \n this interest is mainly motivated by concrete problems related to the structure of communication or biological networks . \n experimental data are now available in many contexts @xcite . ...
[ { "content": "extended nonlinear systems with broken phase invariance ( e.g. , systems with only two possible phase values for a given state ) , are common in nature . \n these systems may exhibit different types of patterns but , importantly , the broken phase invariance lies at the origin of the appearance , ...
[ { "content": "models with an extra u(1 ) are among the simplest and most natural extensions of the standard model ( sm ) . \n they enjoy both the top down and bottom up motivation . \n in particular , additional u(1 ) s appear in many string constructions . from the low energy perspective , the coupling betwe...
[ { "content": "in the last two decades , the phenomenon of chaos synchronization has been extensively studied in coupled nonlinear dynamical systems from both theoretical and application perspectives due to its significance in diverse natural and man - made systems @xcite . in particular , \n various types of sy...
[ { "content": "high velocity clouds are detected primarily in ; no resolved optical counterparts such as stars have been detected in hvcs , and the only distance upper limits are for two hvcs seen in absorption against background halo stars . \n the lack of distance constraints makes the nature of and models for...
[ { "content": "squeezed states as well as number states ( fock states ) are so - called nonclassical states . \n they allow the measurement , the communication and the processing of information in a way not possible with coherent states that are governed by vacuum fluctuations . \n squeezed states of light and c...
[ { "content": "several groups have worked for the past two decades on the generation of reliable models of low - mass stars , but it was nt until the late 1990s that they arrived to realistic models of these objects . \n the models of the group led by baraffe & chabrier are at present the most widely used ones ,...
[ { "content": "in spectral analysis , one of the most powerful tools is the method of the conjugate operator , also called mourre s commutator method after the seminal work of mourre in the early eighties . \n this approach has reached a very high degree of precision and abstraction in @xcite ; see also @xcite f...
[ { "content": "even though the set - sharing domain is , in a sense , remarkably precise , more precision is attainable by combining it with other domains . \n in particular , freeness and linearity information has received much attention by the literature on sharing analysis ( recall that a variable is said to ...
[ { "content": "the properties of a giant resonance in nuclei are commonly determined from the distorted wave born approximation ( dwba ) analysis of its excitation cross - section by inelastic scattering of a certain projectile . \n the transition potential required in actual implementation of dwba calculation i...
[ { "content": "in the human genome project ( from the year 1990 to 2003 ) sequences of chemical base pairs that make up human dna were intensively analyzed and determined , as it carries important genetic information . \n dna is a polymer made up of a large number of deoxyribonucleotides , each of which composed...
[ { "content": "the @xmath0 factories - the belle detector taking data at the kekb collider at kek @xcite and the babar detector @xcite at the pep ii at slac - have in more than a decade of data taking outreached the initial expectations on the physics results . \n they proved the validity of the cabibbo - kobaya...
[ { "content": "we consider stochastic particle systems which are probabilistic models describing transport of a conserved quantity on discrete geometries or lattices . \n many well known examples are introduced in @xcite , including zero - range processes and exclusion processes , which are both special cases of...
[ { "content": "we will consider the random matrix ensemble with an external source , @xmath8 defined on @xmath1 hermitian matrices @xmath9 . \n the number @xmath7 is a large parameter in the ensemble . \n the gaussian ensemble , @xmath10 , has been solved in the papers of pastur @xcite and brzin - hikami @xcite@...
[ { "content": "the cmb radiation in a wide frequency range has a planck spectrum with @xmath2 ( fixsen et al . \n the last dramatic event that could have influenced a part of the spectrum was the recombination of the primeval hydrogen , since after it the residual ionization was very low and the radiation field...
[ { "content": "the rapid proliferation of smart mobile devices has triggered an unprecedented growth of the global mobile data traffic . \n hetnets have been proposed as an effective way to meet the dramatic traffic growth by deploying short range small - bss together with traditional macro - bss , to provide be...
[ { "content": "charge balance functions were suggested as a means for addressing fundamental questions concerning hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions @xcite . \n the most pressing issue concerns whether hadronization is delayed in such reactions beyond the characteristic time scale of 1 fm / c , i...
[ { "content": "agent - based models represent an efficient way in exploring how individual ( microscopic ) behaviour may affect the global ( macroscopic ) behaviour in a competing population . \n this theme of relating macroscopic to microscopic behaviour has been the focus of many studies in physical systems , ...
[ { "content": "dendritic spines are small protrusions from many types of neurons located on the surface of a neuronal dendrite . \n they receive most of the excitatory inputs and their physiological role is still unclear although most spines are thought to be key elements in neuronal information processing and p...
[ { "content": "compact remnants of massive stars in star clusters , which are neutron stars ( ns ) and black holes ( bh ) , form a dynamically interesting sub - population due to their tendency of segregating towards the cluster s center and augmenting their population density therein . in this respect , \n the ...
[ { "content": "charged particle multiplicities measured in high - multiplicity ( hm ) @xmath0 collisions at cern large hadron collider ( lhc ) energies reach values that are of the same order as those measured in heavy - ion collisions at lower energies ( _ e.g. _ , well above those observed at rhic for cu + cu ...
[ { "content": "since the discovery of the fascinatingly robust transport properties of graphene @xcite , there has been an increasing interest in other two - dimensional systems with similar spectral properties , such as the surface of topological insulators @xcite . in all these systems the transport is dominat...
[ { "content": "the search for a scientific understanding of _ time _ has a wide scope in physics , ranging from classical mechanics to quantum field theory , from particle mechanics to cosmology , statistical physics and beyond . \n the research on time inevitably touches foundational issues and one can even sus...
[ { "content": "there exists a generic minimal tree - level diagram , with two external scalars and a heavy intermediate fermion , that can generate naturally suppressed standard model ( sm ) neutrino masses ; see figure [ fig : nu_tree_generic ] . \n the internal fermion line in this diagram has a single mass i...
[ { "content": "the temporal flux variability from active galactic nuclei ( agn ) , detectable in nearly all wavelength regimes , contains information on the underlying emission processes and source geometry that is otherwise difficult to probe @xcite . \n however , precise details of the physical mechanism gener...
[ { "content": "the observed bias in biopolymers composed from homochiral l - amino acids and d - sugars towards a single handedness or chirality is a remarkable feature of biological chemistry . \n nowadays , there is a firm consensus that the homochirality of biological compounds is a condition associated to li...
[ { "content": "clearly , the high energy @xmath0-ray emission is an important piece in the blazar puzzle because the @xmath0-ray observations of blazars provide a new probe of dense radiation field released through accretion onto a supermassive black hole in the central engine ( bregman 1990 ) . \n the energetic...
[ { "content": "in the mid 1980 s the jones polynomial of a link was introduced @xcite , @xcite . \n it was defined as the normalized trace of an element of a braid group , corresponding to the link , in a certain representation . \n although a topological invariant , the extrinsic nature of its computation made ...
[ { "content": "vacuum polarization and pair production have been issues of continuous concern since the early works by sauter , heisenberg and euler , and weisskopf @xcite , and then by schwinger @xcite ( for a review and references , see ref . \n the task of directly computing , without relying on the electroma...
[ { "content": "let @xmath2 be the undirected finite path with vertex set @xmath3 and edge set @xmath4 . given two positive measures @xmath5 on @xmath6 with @xmath7 , the dirichlet form and variance associated with @xmath8 and @xmath9 \n are defined by @xmath10[g(i)-g(i+1)]\\nu(i , i+1)\\ ] ] and @xmath11 where @...
[ { "content": "last years electron transport in molecular transistors became a hot topic of experimental and theoretical investigations in nanoelectronics ( see e.g. @xcite ) . from experimental point of view \n it is a real challenge to place a single molecule in a gap between electric leads and to repeatedly m...
[ { "content": "analysis of data collected by the fermi - lat experiment has revealed two large circular structures near the galactic centre , above and below the galactic plane the so - called fermi bubbles @xcite . \n the approximate edges of the fermi bubble regions are shown in figure [ fig : fb_shape ] ....
[ { "content": "throughout history , people have attempted to understand the universe by dividing matter into smaller and smaller pieces . \n this approach has proven extremely fruitful : successively smaller distance scales have revealed successively simpler and more fundamental structures . over the last centur...
[ { "content": "the nearest molecular cloud complex to the sun ( distance @xmath0 65 pc ) consists of clouds 11 , 12 , and 13 from the catalog of magnani et al . \n ( 1985 ) and is located at ( l , b ) @xmath0 ( 159.4,@xmath534.3 ) . \n this complex of clouds ( which we will refer to as mbm12 ) was first identif...
[ { "content": "estimation of covariance matrices is a crucial component of many signal processing algorithms [ 1 - 4 ] . in many applications , \n there is a limited number of snapshots and the sample covariance matrix can not yield the desired estimation accuracy . \n this covariance matrix estimation error sig...
[ { "content": "a number of studies have reported an anti - correlation between fractional linear polarization and total intensity flux density for extragalactic 1.4 ghz sources ; faint sources were found to be more highly polarized . as a result , the euclidean - normalised differential number - counts of polar...
[ { "content": "new accelerators like cebaf , mami - b and cosy will investigate hadron observables at a scale intermediate to the low - energy region where hadron phenomena mainly reflect the underlying principles of chiral symmetry and its dynamical breakdown and to the high momentum region where the `` strong ...
[ { "content": "different carbon - based structures are considered as promising electrode material for field emission ( fe ) cathodes . in particular , \n the field emission properties of single - walled ( swnt ) and multi - walled ( mwnt ) carbon nanotubes @xcite as well as graphite films @xcite are presently un...
[ { "content": "a particular interest has been devoted during the last decade to the quantum algebra @xmath2 @xcite . \n this algebra is generated by three operators @xmath3 and @xmath4 , also named the @xmath0-angular momentum components . \n they have the following commutation relations : @xmath5~=~\\pm~l_\\pm,...
[ { "content": "ferdinand magellan s expedition was the first that completed the circumnavigation of our globe during 1519 - 1522 , after discovering the _ strait of magellan _ between the atlantic and pacific ocean in search for a westward route to the `` spice islands '' ( indonesia ) , and thus gave us a first...
[ { "content": "serial double quantum dots are ideal systems to investigate various quantum mechanical effects such as molecular binding@xcite or coherent dynamics@xcite between the constituent dots . \n furthermore , they are considered as an implementation of a charge@xcite or spin qubit.@xcite elaborate experi...
[ { "content": "the search for the higgs boson and , hence , for the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking and fermion mass generation , remains one of the premier tasks of present and future high energy physics experiments . \n fits to precision electroweak ( ew ) data have for some time suggested a relatively...
[ { "content": "as usual , we will say that @xmath11 is a convex body if @xmath1 is a convex , compact subset of @xmath8 equal to the closure of its interior . \n we say that @xmath1 is origin - symmetric if @xmath12 , where @xmath13 for @xmath14 . for a set @xmath1 \n we denote by dim@xmath15 its dimension , tha...
[ { "content": "let @xmath1 be positive integers . \n we denote by @xmath2 the @xmath0-dimensional rectangle of sides @xmath3 , that is , @xmath4 . \n a @xmath0-dimensional rectangle @xmath5 is said to be _ tiled _ with _ bricks _ \n ( i.e. , small @xmath0-dimensional rectangles ) @xmath6 if @xmath5 can be filled...
[ { "content": "blazars form one of the most energetically extreme classes of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) . \n blazars can be observed in all wavelengths , ranging from radio all the way up to @xmath0-rays . \n their spectral energy distribution ( sed ) is characterized by two broad non - thermal components , ...
[ { "content": "many problems of stellar dynamics deal with self - gravitating systems which are in dynamical equilibrium , but slowly evolve due to two - body relaxation or some other factor , such as a massive black hole or the diffusion of chaotic orbits . \n the most general method of studying these systems i...
[ { "content": "the two dimensional o(n ) non - linear @xmath0 model is important for its asymptotic freedom and dynamical generation of a mass gap . \n classically the model is defined by the action @xmath1 where the real scalar fields satisfy the non - linear constraint @xmath2 . regarding the model as a classi...
[ { "content": "progress in trapping and cooling of atomic gases @xcite made it possible to coherently couple a bose - einstein condensate to a single cavity mode @xcite . \n these experiments pave the way to a new sub - field of amo physics ; _ many - body cavity quantum electrodynamics_. in the ultracold regime...
[ { "content": "control and optimization of quantum systems have been recognized as important issues for many years @xcite and control theory for quantum systems has been developed since the 1980s @xcite . \n there has been considerable recent progress in both theory and experiment @xcite . however , despite t...
[ { "content": "non - sequential double ionization ( nsdi ) in driven two - electron atoms is a prototype process for exploring the electron - electron interaction in systems driven by intense laser fields . as such \n , it has attracted a lot of interest @xcite . \n most theoretical studies on nsdi are formulate...
[ { "content": "a boundary between quantum and classical worlds is rather difficult to draw precisely , while the problem of their distinguishing is getting more important than it was hardly ever before . \n this problem is particularly important for the large - scale quantum computer to be constructed because it...
[ { "content": "entangled states are an essential resource for various quantum information processings@xcite . hence , it is required to generate maximally entangled states . \n however , for a practical use , it is more essential to guarantee the quality of generated entangled states . \n statistical hypothesis ...
[ { "content": "classical and quantum information processing network architectures utilize light ( optical photons ) for the transmission of information over extended distances , ranging from hundreds of meters to hundreds of kilometers @xcite . \n the utility of optical photons stems from their weak interaction...
[ { "content": "directional solidification of dilute alloys gives rise to complex out - of - equilibrium growth patterns . \n the control of these patterns is a central issue in materials science @xcite and raises fundamental problems in nonlinear physics . \n the basic phenomenon in the field is the bifurcation ...
[ { "content": "the confirmation of the temporal variation of the fundamental constants would be the first indication of the universe expansion influence on the micro physics @xcite . \n shlyakhter was the first who showed that the variation of the fundamental constants could lead to measurable consequences on t...
[ { "content": "variability of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) provides the clearest evidence for dynamic processes occurring in the central engines and in the jets of these objects . \n its study is therefore a powerful way to investigate the innermost regions of agn and the emission mechanisms responsible for th...
[ { "content": "complex decision making tasks over a distributed quantum network , a network including entangled nodes , can be analyzed with a quantum game theory approach . \n quantum games extend the applicability of classical games to quantum networks , which may soon be a reality . \n quantum game theory imp...
[ { "content": "ultracold samples of bi - alkali polar molecules have been created very recently in their ground electronic @xmath7 , vibrational @xmath8 , and rotational @xmath9 states @xcite . \n this is a promising step before achieving bose - einstein condensates or degenerate fermi gases of polar molecules ...
[ { "content": "as the downscaling of conventional cmos technology is bound to reach its fundamental limit new algorithms will be the answer to achieve increasingly higher performance and reduced power consumption . \n reconfigurable digital circuits provide a way to extend the functionalities of conventional cmo...
[ { "content": "contraction of thin liquid layers on solid surfaces due to dewetting or drying is a common phenomenon . \n it is observable for instance , on plants leafs as the water breaks up into small droplets , in non - sticking pans as the oil layer shrinks or on an outdoor oil - polluted surface after rain...
[ { "content": "suprathermal charged particles scattering back and forth across the surface of a shock wave gain energy . \n the concept of stochastic energization due to randomly moving inhomogeneities was first proposed by fermi @xcite . in that original version , \n the acceleration process is easily shown to ...
[ { "content": "topological insulators ( tis ) are novel materials in which even though the bulk system is insulating , the surface can support spin - polarized gapless states with dirac - cone - like linear energy dispersion.@xcite the topological surface states are unique in being robust against scattering from...
[ { "content": "numerical methods for approximating variational problems or partial differential equations ( pdes ) with solutions defined on surfaces or manifolds are of growing interests over the last decades . \n finite element methods , as one of the main streams in numerical simulations , are well establishe...
[ { "content": "at energies below the electroweak scale the weak interactions are described by local four - fermi operators multiplied by effective coupling constants , the wilson coefficients . the formal framework to achieve this is the operator product expansion ( ope ) which allows one to separate the calcula...
[ { "content": "an important breakthrough occurred in the early 2000 s after realizing a rich integrable structure of the laplacian growth problem @xcite . \n remarkable connections of the laplacian growth with integrable hierarchies and random matrices provide ample opportunities to address long - standing prob...
[ { "content": "the astrophysically ubiquitous keplerian accretion disks should be unstable and turbulent in order to explain observed data , but are remarkably rayleigh stable . \n they are found in active galactic nuclei ( agns ) , around a compact object in binary systems , around newly formed stars etc . \n (...
[ { "content": "microlensing is one of the promising techniques that can be used to search for extra - solar planets , especially located at large distances @xcite . \n planet detection via microlensing is possible because the lensing event caused by a lens system containing a planet can produce noticeable anomal...
[ { "content": "in the past years and decades , several models of nova shells have been presented in the literature . \n often they were adapted to describe the state and evolution of specific objects , and often remarkable agreement between model and observation was achieved . \n nevertheless it should be kept i...
[ { "content": "the goal of this paper is to establish ( graded ) affine cellularity in the sense of koenig and xi @xcite for the khovanov - lauda - rouquier algebras @xmath0 of finite lie type . \n in fact , we construct a chain of affine cell ideals in @xmath0 which are generated by idempotents . \n this strong...
[ { "content": "simulation studies of nambu - jona lasinio models have proven to be much more quantitative than those of other field theories @xcite . \n in particular , the logarithmic triviality of these models has been demonstrated , although determining logarithmic singularities decorating mean field scaling ...
[ { "content": "in hadron - hadron scattering , interactions are classified by the characteristics of the final states . in elastic scattering , \n both hadrons emerge unscathed and no other particles are produced . in diffractive dissociation , the energy transfer between the two interacting hadrons remains smal...
[ { "content": "the proposal of materials with simultaneous negative electric permittivity and magnetic permeability by veselago in 1967 @xcite has opened the door toward the design of novel and remarkable optical devices based on the use of metamaterials or photonic crystals , such as the perfect flat lens @xcit...
[ { "content": "lowered excitation energies of the first 1@xmath9 states , fast e1 transitions between the k@xmath10 and ground state bands and high @xmath11 values observed in the even - even @xmath12nd isotopes constitute an evidence that these nuclei belong to the octupole deformation region in lanthanides . \...
[ { "content": "materials placed in a close vicinity to each other modify the modes of the electromagnetic field . \n this results in a change of the vacuum energy , which eventually manifests itself as a net force known as the casimir force @xcite . \n the casimir force has been the subject of a number of experi...
[ { "content": "the lensed b0218 + 357 @xcite is one of the rapidly growing but still small number of gravitational lens systems with an accurately known time - delay @xcite . \n it is therefore a candidate to apply refsdal s method to determine the hubble constant @xmath4 @xcite . besides the time - delay and an...
[ { "content": "in the 1980 s , belavin and drinfeld classified solutions @xmath0 of the classical yang - baxter equation ( cybe ) for simple lie algebras @xmath3 satisfying @xmath4 @xcite . \n they proved that all such solutions fall into finitely many continuous families and introduced combinatorial objects to ...