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[ { "content": "let @xmath0 , where @xmath1 denotes the @xmath2th smallest prime . \n one variant of the prime number theorem states that @xmath8 that is , @xmath9 is approximately @xmath10 on average over @xmath11 . as to the finer questions pertaining to the distribution of primes \n , we have little more than ...
[ { "content": "ever since the reports of the detection of two cosmic ray showers of energy well above @xmath3 ev @xcite the origin and the nature of such events have been subjects of strong interest and intense discussion . \n it is not only very difficult @xcite to extend our understanding of particle acceler...
[ { "content": "any network found in the literature is inevitably just a sampled representative of its real - world analogue under study . \n for instance , many networks change quickly over time and in most cases merely incomplete data is available on the underlying system . \n additionally , network sampling te...
[ { "content": "cavity quantum electrodynamics ( cavity qed ) enables the study of the interaction between light and matter at the most elementary level , thanks to the achievement of a strong coupling between a single atom and a single photon trapped in a microwave or optical cavity@xcite . \n this paradigm has ...
[ { "content": "18.5pt in a recent article @xcite blte and nienhuis performed numerical investigations of what they termed the fully - packed loop ( fpl ) model . \n this is a statistical model where the ensemble is the set of all combinations of closed paths on the honeycomb lattice that visit every vertex a...
[ { "content": "an undirected graph is formed by a set of vertices and a set of undirected edges , with each edge connecting between two different vertices . a feedback vertex set ( fvs ) for such a graph is a set of vertices intersecting with every cycle of the graph . in other words , the subgraph induced by th...
[ { "content": "general relativity is commonly regarded as the correct approach to non - quantum gravitation @xcite . \n einstein s theory views gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of the @xmath0-d space - time @xcite . \n several authors have proposed to consider this physical curved @xmath0-d space - ti...
[ { "content": "photon - dominated regions ( or photodissociation regions , pdrs ) are regions of the neutral interstellar medium ( ism ) where far - ultraviolet ( fuv ) ( 6 ev @xmath2 ev ) photons control the heating and chemical processes . \n they are the interface between regions and cold molecular cores . \...
[ { "content": "consider a classical constrained theory @xcite , with configurations @xmath0 , conjugate momenta @xmath1 , classical brackets @xmath2|}$ ] and constraints @xmath3 . \n _ observables _ @xcite are then objects forming zero brackets with the constraints , _ o _ 0 . \n [ basic - obs ] there are multip...
[ { "content": "understanding how galaxies formed and evolved is a central challenge of modern astronomy . in the past decade , \n spectacular progress in instrumentation and observing techniques has enabled major advances as the high - redshift universe has been opened up for research . \n our current view has b...
[ { "content": "hot cores are compact ( 0.1 pc ) , warm ( @xmath5 100300 k ) , dense ( 10@xmath6 h nuclei ) clouds of gas and dust near or around sites of recent star formation ( see e.g. * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n the hot - core phase is thought to last about 10@xmath7 yr @xcite to 10@xmath8 y...
[ { "content": "cake cutting is one the most fundamental topics in fair division ( see * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n it concerns the setting in which a cake is represented by an interval @xmath0 $ ] and each of the @xmath1 agents has a value function over the cake . \n the main aim is to divide the ca...
[ { "content": "one of the most important tools in transformation groups is p. a. smith theory @xcite , ( * ? ? ? \n iii ) , which gives constraints on the homology of the fixed point set for actions of finite @xmath0-groups . for topological actions the fixed point sets may not be manifolds , but generalized ...
[ { "content": "stellar mass compact binaries consisting of double neutron stars ( ns ) , double black holes ( bh ) or a mixed binary consisting of a neutron star and a black hole , are the primary targets for a direct first detection of gravitational waves ( gw ) by interferometric detectors , ligo @xcite , virg...
[ { "content": "the way in which a galaxy has assembled its stars is reflected in the distribution of stellar orbits . \n for example , collisionless @xmath0-body collapse simulations predict a predominance of radial orbits in the final remnant @xcite . \n in contrast , collisionless galaxy merger simulations pre...
[ { "content": "co - line observations play an essential role in studying the kinematics and interstellar physics in the central regions of spiral galaxies , where the interstellar matter is mostly in the molecular - gas phase and is strongly concentrated ( sofue et al . \n 1995 ; honma et al . \n there have been...
[ { "content": "active galactic nuclei ( agns ) are believed to be highly obscured by dusty dense gas , and this contributes to huge radiative energy in some ultra - luminous infrared galaxies ( ulirg ) @xcite . \n the central engines of type-2 seyfert galaxies are also likely obscured by optically thick molecula...
[ { "content": "one of the most remarking properties of quantum mechanics is that the state of a quantum system changes not only via the deterministic evolution given by the schrdinger equation but also when it is measured . \n although the system can be measured directly , in many situations it is probed by an a...
[ { "content": "dirac invented his relativistic equation in order to explain the quantum properties of the electron ( spin @xmath4 ) in the relativistic framework : the equation had to ( _ a _ ) display the formula @xmath5 as the eigenenergy of a particle in free motion ( with @xmath6 ) ; ( _ b _ ) be covariant u...
[ { "content": "the study of stellar dynamics around massive black holes begins in 1970s in application to ( still hypothetical ) intermediate - mass black holes in globular clusters @xcite . \n the early studies established the importance of two - body relaxation which changes angular momenta of individual stars...
[ { "content": "determining distances by use of multiple methods has a long and distinguished history in astronomy from antiquity to the present day . \n aristarchus of samos first determined the moon - earth distance from the lunar eclipse . \n a century later , hipparchus checked aristarchus values using the in...
[ { "content": "the differential growth of thin elastic sheets can generate highly non - trivial configurations such as the multiple generation of waves along the edge of a torn elastic sheet @xcite and the wrinkled patterns on leaves @xcite . \n recently , environmentally responsive gel disks of uniform thicknes...
[ { "content": "as more extrasolar planets are discovered , we are increasingly pressed to describe how planets can form in such a variety of environments . until just recently , observational selection biases have resulted in the fact that all observed extrasolar planets have been found to orbit within a few au ...
[ { "content": "are structures ( sheets or filaments of vorticity ) a vital ingredient of intermittency in 3d - incompressible turbulence ? \n to date , this important question remains open @xcite , and an answer starting from first principle , i.e. , from a controlled approximation to the navier - stokes equatio...
[ { "content": "the _ howard s algorithm _ ( also called _ policy iteration algorithm _ ) is a classical method for solving a discrete hamilton - jacobi equation . \n this technique , developed by bellman and howard @xcite , is of large use in applications , thanks to its good proprieties of efficiency and simpli...
[ { "content": "since dorothy denning s seminal 1987 paper on intrusion detection @xcite , ml and data mining(dm ) have steadily gained attention in security applications . \n darpa s 1998 network intrusion detection evaluation @xcite , and kdd(conference on knowledge discovery and data mining ) cup s 1999 challe...
[ { "content": "the noise excess free ( phase - insensitive ) quantum record / upload of single - mode light into the atomic memory can be defined by the transformation @xmath1 of the light quadratures @xmath2 and @xmath3 to the atomic quadratures @xmath4 and @xmath5 in the heisenberg picture . here \n @xmath6 st...
[ { "content": "kondo effect in electronic transport through quantum dots ( qds ) strongly coupled to external leads is a many body phenomenon which occurs at temperatures @xmath1 lower than the so - called kondo temperature @xmath2 , @xmath3 . \n the kondo temperature is characteristic of a particular system and...
[ { "content": "a series of revolutionary technological advances , optical transmission systems have enabled the growth of internet traffic for decades @xcite . \n most of the huge bandwidth of fiber systems is in use @xcite and the capacity of the optical core network can not keep up with the traffic growth @xci...
[ { "content": "dark energy ( de ) seems to play an important role of an agent that drives the present acceleration of the universe with the help of large negative pressure . \n an effective viscous pressure can also play its role to develop the dynamical history of an expanding universe @xcite-@xcite . \n it is ...
[ { "content": "the problem of instantaneous wavefunction collapse ( reduction ) due to measurement @xcite has been a stumbling block for many physicists since the creation of quantum mechanics . \n the unavoidable `` spookiness '' @xcite of the quantum collapse is related to the impossibility to find a tradition...
[ { "content": "in many applications and implementations of quantum information processing , one has to compare two different quantum states . in this context , \n the quantum fidelity @xcite is a very useful tool to measure the `` closeness '' between two states in the hilbert space of a quantum system . for tw...
[ { "content": "research interest in the origins of the long - range bidirectional movement of particles ( organelles , vesicles , nutrients ) driven by molecular motors is motivated by fundamental questions concerning the nature of interactions between motors and their cargos as transport processes take place . ...
[ { "content": "classical supersymmetry sets out to extend the unified treatment of bosonic and fermionic quantities in the usual qft framework to the classical level . \n normally , in semiclassical treatments the fermionic variables are set to zero as soon as the supersymmetric theory has been constructed . \n ...
[ { "content": "in @xcite we studied the problem of complete controllability of finite - level quantum systems with nearest - neighbour interactions . \n we showed that many quantum systems of physical interest are indeed completely controllable but that there are nevertheless systems with certain symmetries that...
[ { "content": "to prove our main theorem , we need to maximize the bell expression @xmath93,\\,\\boldsymbol{b}\\in[\\boldsymbol{o}],\\,x\\in[m],\\,\\boldsymbol{y}\\in[\\boldsymbol{m } ] } \\beta_{a,\\boldsymbol{b},x,\\boldsymbol{y } } \\ , \\operatorname{tr}\\left[m^{(a)}_x\\,\\sigma_{\\boldsymbol{b}|\\boldsymbo...
[ { "content": "it has been known for the last ten years that the cosmological evolution of massive galaxies shows signs of ` down - sizing ' @xcite , i.e. of a progressive decrease of the typical mass of actively star forming galaxies . \n many pieces of evidence , brought forward also during this meeting ( see ...
[ { "content": "periodically - kicked quantum systems , such as the @xmath0-kicked particle ( @xmath0-kp ) , have long played a central role in studies of quantum chaos and the correspondence between quantum behavior and the underlying classical dynamics @xcite . \n advances in the manipulation of cold atoms have...
[ { "content": "the exploration of symmetries and their breaking have always been an active and interesting area of research in nuclear physics . \n one of the well known examples , that can be cited here , is the nuclear @xmath3 decay which violates parity that led to the discovery of the weak interaction . \n o...
[ { "content": "we begin this section by fixing the notation . \n let @xmath3 be monic polynomials of degree @xmath4 in @xmath5 and orthogonal , with respect to a weight , @xmath6 $ ] , @xmath7 where @xmath8 is the square of the weighted @xmath9 norm of @xmath10 also , @xmath11 for convenience we set @xmath12 . \...
[ { "content": "in the real world , one single object may have different representations in different domains . \n for example , the declaration of independence has versions translated into different languages . \n let @xmath0 denote the number of objects @xmath1 , and @xmath2 be the number of domains . \n then w...
[ { "content": "whispering - gallery mode ( wgm ) microcavities are at the frontier of research on subjects ranging from biosensing , nonlinear optics , and laser physics , to fundamental physics such as cavity quantum electrodynamics@xcite . \n contrary to its rapid experimental advances , numerical exploration ...
[ { "content": "the notion of lorentzian wormholes ( wh ) arose when morris and thorne explored the possibility of time travels for humans using the principles of general relativity ( gr ) @xcite . \n einstein s theory of gr predicts that the structure and geometry of spacetime in the presence of matter is not ri...
[ { "content": "cosmological observations , in particular the data from cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) , have been providing us knowledge of the history and constituents of the universe since the cosmic background explorer survey . over time \n we have been able to constrain our knowledge of the early univer...
[ { "content": "the annihilation line of positrons at 511 kev is the brightest gamma - ray line in the galaxy . \n first observed with a nai scintillator as a @xmath4 476 kev line coming from the galactic center ( gc ) region ( johnson , harnden & haymes , 1972 ; johnston & haymes , 1973 ) , it was subsequently u...
[ { "content": "the class of regular languages can be defined as the smallest class containing the finite languages and closed under union , concatenation and star . since \n regular languages are also closed under complementation , one can redefine them as the smallest class containing the finite languages and c...
[ { "content": "the space density of galaxy clusters as a function of cluster mass is a well - known cosmological probe ( see e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ; * ? ? ? \n * ) , and ranks among the best observational tools for constraining @xmath8 , the normalization of the matter power spectrum in th...
[ { "content": "ii pegasi is an sb1 binary system for which the primary component was determined to be of spectral class k2 - 3 iv - v by @xcite . \n it was classified as an rs cvn system by @xcite . \n the first photometric light curves were obtained by @xcite , who found variability with a period of approximate...
[ { "content": "the emergence of cooperation in evolving populations with exploitative individuals is still a challenging problem in biological and social sciences . \n most theories that explain cooperation are based on direct reciprocity , as the famous iterated prisoner s dilemma @xcite . \n cooperation can al...
[ { "content": "superconductivity was found in the sufficiently water - intercalated cobaltate compound , na@xmath0(h@xmath1o)@xmath2coo@xmath3h@xmath4o with the bilayer - hydrate ( blh ) structure@xcite . it is amazing that superconductivity is observed only in the hydrous phase with the blh structure . superc...
[ { "content": "a most general description of a planet is that it is a self - gravitating object composed of a heavy element core and an envelope of gas . \n terrestrial like planets are dominated by solid cores whereas giant gas planets are mainly hydrogen gas . \n given these observational facts , it should com...
[ { "content": "experimental @xcite and numerical @xcite studies of the dynamics of driven disordered media , such as vortex arrays in type - ii superconductors and charge density waves in metals , have clearly indicated that when the disorder is strong these systems exhibit a spatially inhomogeneous plastic resp...
[ { "content": "recent low - temperature transport experiments , utilizes the quantum hall based interferometers to investigate the quantum nature of particles . \n particularly , the aharonov - bohm ( ab ) interference experiments became a paradigm @xcite , which infers the ab phases of both the electrons and t...
[ { "content": "the qcd lattice calculations of the equation of state ( eos ) of deconfined matter have advanced to such a level that reliable results for the pure gluon plasma are available @xcite . \n for the two - flavor case an estimate of the continuum extrapolation is at disposal @xcite . \n the eos of four...
[ { "content": "the electron dephasing time @xmath0 is a very important quantity that governs the mesoscopic phenomena at low temperatures . \n particularly , the behavior of the dephasing time near zero temperature , @xmath2 , has recently attracted vigorous experimental @xcite and theoretical @xcite attention ....
[ { "content": "in broad terms , there are two very different ways in which galaxies could have formed . \n the first , which we shall refer to as the monolithic formation idea , is that a large cloud of primordial gas collapsed rapidly to produce either an elliptical or lenticular galaxy , or perhaps the spheroi...
[ { "content": "in this paper we study the dynamics of two different incompressible fluids with the same viscosity in a bounded porous medium . \n this is known as the confined muskat problem . for this problem \n we show that there are global in time lipschitz continuous solutions corresponding to initial data t...
[ { "content": "the lattice dimensionality is a key parameter in materials science . \n one dimensional ( 1d ) systems with half filled band undergo a structural distortion @xcite which increases the elastic energy and opens a gap at the fermi surface thus lowering the electronic energy . \n the competition betwe...
[ { "content": "for many years , observations of the diffuse interstellar medium ( ism ) have traced a whole hierarchy of structures on spatial scales @xmath2 pc ( cf . \n @xcite ) , often attributed to the ism turbulence . however , the extremely small - scale end of this spectrum , reaching down to scales of te...
[ { "content": "this supporting information contains : * details of the models described in the main text , and the methods used to identify locally - favored structures . \n * illustrative results of mutual information between propensity and particle type * discussion of the @xmath40-dependence of the results...
[ { "content": "there have been many generalizations of conway s `` game of life '' ( gol ) since its invention in 1970 @xcite . \n almost all attributes of the gol can be altered : the number of states , the grid , the number of neighbors , the rules . \n one feature of the original gol is the glider , a stable ...
[ { "content": "the exact solution of dirac s equation for an electron moving in the field of a plane electromagnetic wave was found by d. m. volkov in 1935 @xcite . \n the electron wave function , compared to the field - free case , changes due to a modification of its spinor structure and the appearance of a...
[ { "content": "large transverse momentum phenomena in deep inelastic scattering reactions have been extensively studied by the h1 and zeus collaborations at hera . \n large-@xmath7 particle and jet spectra have been measured and compared to next - to - leading order ( nlo ) qcd calculations . \n large-@xmath7 ph...
[ { "content": "recently , a large class of manganese oxides ( rmno@xmath7 , @xcite and rmn@xmath0o@xmath1 , @xcite with r = y , tb , dy , etc . ) has been discovered to be multiferroic , with strong magnetoelectric ( me ) coupling . \n the me coupling leads to various novel physical effects , such as the `` colo...
[ { "content": "the complex error function also widely known as the faddeeva function can be defined as @xcite @xmath2 where @xmath3 is the complex argument . \n it is a solution of the following differential equation @xcite @xmath4 where the initial condition is given by @xmath5 the complex error function is ...
[ { "content": "the recently discovered ring - like structure ( the monoceros / canis major ring ) in the anti - center direction of the galaxy ( e.g. newberg et al . \n 2002 , ibata et al . \n 2003 ) could be the consequence of accretion of dwarf galaxies by the milky way ( cf . \n martin et al . \n 2004 , bella...
[ { "content": "it is postulated in quantum physics that quantities we observe are eigenvalues of operators representing the dynamics of the quantities . \n therefore , the energy spectra , i.e. the eigenvalues , are required to be real and bounded from below so that the system has a stable lowest - energy state...
[ { "content": "the dynamics of any stellar system may be characterized by the following three dynamical time scales : ( i ) the crossing time @xmath0 , which is the time needed by a star to move across the system ; ( ii ) the two - body relaxation time @xmath1 , which is the time needed by the stellar encounters...
[ { "content": "let us consider fundamental hyperbolas along @xmath13 and @xmath14 in minkowski s space - time ( at one space dimension with the axis , @xmath15 @xmath16 of system k with light velocity @xmath17 . \n the two hyperbolas determining the units of measure ( @xmath18 are called hyperbolas of scale or c...
[ { "content": "the importance of the stem industry to the development of our nation can not be understated . \n as the world becomes more technology - oriented , there is a necessity for a continued increase in the stem workforce . \n however , the u.s . has been experiencing the opposite . in the united states ...
[ { "content": "at @xmath0 , a large fraction of all high mass stars form in dusty galaxies @xcite . most of the intrinsic uv emission from newly formed stars in these galaxies is obscured , or absorbed by dust grains that subsequently heat up and radiate at ir wavelengths . \n the ir luminosity resulting from th...
[ { "content": "the algorithm for the calculation of the ground states bases on a special genetic algorithm @xcite and on _ cluster - exact approximation _ ( cea ) @xcite which is a sophisticated optimization method . next a short sketch of these algorithms is given . \n the genetic algorithm starts with an initi...
[ { "content": "the laser interferometer space antenna ( lisa ) is a planned nasa \n esa gravitational - wave ( gw ) observatory sensitive in the @xmath3@xmath4 hz range @xcite . \n lisa s data will contain superposed signals from millions of sources , including all the binaries in the galaxies with orbital perio...
[ { "content": "radial abundance gradients in the milky way disk are among the main constraints of models of the chemical evolution of the galaxy . \n the study of the gradients comprises the determination of their magnitudes along the disk , space variations and their time evolution ( see for example henry & wor...
[ { "content": "the author thanks prof . \n j. katriel for helpful comments on the manuscript . \n j. katriel , through correspondence , showed that eqns [ eq : evenzeros ] and [ eq : oddzeros ] agree with the first asymptotic term from dominici for @xmath51 for low @xmath40 ( not for maximal @xmath40 ) . \n the...
[ { "content": "since cabibbo first noted the difference between the decays of neutron ( @xmath3 ) and muon ( @xmath4 ) and suggested there is a mixing angle between d and s quarks@xcite , and the mixing perfectly explained the data of the @xmath5decays of @xmath6 and @xmath7 @xcite . \n later the ckm matrix @xci...
[ { "content": "in this section , we justify remark 3 above and outline the derivation of a result analogous to theorem [ kesten - ipc-1 ] for the random walk on h. kesten s _ incipient infinite cluster _ ( iic ) . for cylinder events @xmath74 , the iic measure is defined by @xmath716 it was shown in @xcite that...
[ { "content": "there exists an open discussion on the validity of online interactions as indicators of real social activity @xcite . \n most of the online social networks incorporate several types of user - user interactions that satisfy the need for different level of involvement or relation intensity between ...
[ { "content": "the phenomenon of superconductivity remains one of the most interesting problems of condensed matter physics . \n in particular , in recent years the material science development has revealed several interesting systems where high transition temperature superconductivity was found , in particular ...
[ { "content": "the search for supersymmetry ( susy ) is one of the main goals at present and future colliders @xcite as susy is generally accepted as one of the most promising concepts for physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) @xcite . \n a special feature of susy theories is the existence of the neutralinos ...
[ { "content": "strange stars are astronomical compact objects which are entirely made of deconfined quarks ( for a review , see glendenning 1996 ; weber 1999 ) . \n the possible existence of strange stars is a direct consequence of the conjecture that strange quark matter ( sqm ) may be the absolute ground state...
[ { "content": "spintronics , which exploits electron spin rather than charge to develop a new generation of electronic devices , has emerged as an active field in condensed matters because of both the underlying fundamental physics and its potential impact on the information industry.prinz98science,wolf01science...
[ { "content": "the detection of compact signals ( sources ) embedded in a background is a recurrent problem in many fields of astronomy . \n some common examples are the separation of individual stars in a crowded optical image , the identification of local features ( lines ) in noisy one - dimensional spectra o...
[ { "content": "introduced by topologists @xcite , @xmath0-betti numbers have been generalized to various contexts like groups , groupoids etc . \n alain connes and dimitri shlyakhtenko @xcite introduced @xmath0-betti numbers for subalgebras of finite von neumann algebras , with the purpose to obtain a suitable n...
[ { "content": "testing the isotropy of the speed of light serves as a sensitive test of special relativity and lorentz invariance . \n the classic experiment to test the isotropy of the speed of light uses a michelson interferometer and was first performed by a.a . \n michelson in berlin ( 1880 ) and potsdam ( 1...
[ { "content": "searching and staying up - to - date with scholarly literature is an essential part of scientific research . with the advent of the world - wide web ( www ) and the evolution of electronic publishing , a powerful environment \n was created to open the vast universe of scientific literature on a wo...
[ { "content": "the first 500 myr after the big bang mark the current frontier in our exploration of cosmic history . \n understanding when and how the first galaxies started to form , how they grew their stellar mass and eventually turned into the diverse population of galaxies we see today is one of the most in...
[ { "content": "s. y. cheng and s .- t . \n yau proved in @xcite that a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in @xmath4 admits a complete negative scalar curvature khler - einstein metric . \n their arguments also extended to other types of domains , such as a pseudoconvex domain which is the intersection of pse...
[ { "content": "the insurgence of critical electric fields in the process of gravitational collapse leading to vacuum polarization process @xcite has convinced us of the necessity of critically reexamining the gravitational and electrodynamical properties in neutron stars . in this light \n we have recently gener...
[ { "content": "unlike pristine noble metal or graphite basal - plane electrodes used in classical electric double layer ( edl ) studies,@xcite lithium ion battery ( lib ) electrodes generally exhibit complex interfaces.@xcite both electron ( @xmath5 ) and li@xmath0 transport can occur inside lib electrodes . \n ...
[ { "content": "a meta - problem in the theory of hyperplane arrangements starts with an algebraic object @xmath7 derived from an arrangement @xmath8 and determines the extent to which the intersection lattice @xmath9 determines @xmath7 up to isomorphism . \n the prototypical example of this associates to an arra...
[ { "content": "the branch of atomic physics associated with ultracold atoms , ions , and molecules now provides a rich and exciting arena for investigations of strongly interacting , many - body quantum systems . trapping and cooling techniques , coherent laser or microwave interactions , and applied magnetic fi...
[ { "content": "the observation of the paleomagnetic data @xcite have shown that , unlike the solar magnetic field , where the polarity reversals are strictly periodic , geomagnetic measurements of the last @xmath0 million years present rather sudden and occasional polarity reversals . \n the reversal process is ...
[ { "content": "on many crystal surfaces step edge barriers are observed which prevent interlayer ( downward ) hopping of diffusing adatoms @xcite . in homoepitaxy from a molecular beam this leads to a growth instability which can be understood on a basic level : adatoms form islands on the initial substrate and ...
[ { "content": "au mic is a nearby ( @xmath4 pc , * ? ? ? \n * ) m1ve flare star @xcite with the young age of @xmath5 myr @xcite , a key epoch in the formation of planetary systems . \n the star is surrounded by a nearly edge - on circumstellar disk discovered in coronographic images of scattered starlight tha...
[ { "content": "the cooling of compact stars has been discussed mainly in the context of neutron stars for decades @xcite . \n it has been believed that some stars require exotic cooling to explain the observed effective temperature and others can be explained by the modified urca and bremsstrahlung processes , ...
[ { "content": "structural multi - factor _ economic capital _ ( ec ) models derived from the creditmetrics framework @xcite have become the most widely adopted tools for risk quantification in credit portfolios . \n an outcome of these models , a portfolio ec and its allocation down to individual facilities , is...
[ { "content": "for any missing notation or reference let us refer to @xcite . for a graph @xmath7 , \n let @xmath17 ( @xmath18 , respectively ) denote its vertex set ( edge set , respectively ) . \n for a subset @xmath19 , let @xmath20 @xmath21 is adjacent to some @xmath22 be the _ neighborhood of u in g _ , and...
[ { "content": "softened or `` low momentum '' interactions are widely used in contemporary nuclear structure calculations because they exhibit faster convergence for methods using basis expansions ( this includes coupled cluster , configuration interaction , in - medium similarity renormalization group , and sel...
[ { "content": "[ [ section ] ] the maximal number of rational points that a ( smooth , geometrically irreducible ) curve of genus @xmath4 over a finite field @xmath5 can have , is denoted by @xmath6 . \n one has the estimate ( see @xcite ) @xmath7\\ ] ] in which the notation @xmath8 $ ] for @xmath9 means the ...