query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Could an organism living in the ocean at a pressure of 5 tons/in^2 survive a hit from a sledge hammer? | [
"You have to remember that organisms living at the bottom of the ocean are filled with water. They aren't resisting 5 tons of pressure like a submarine would. The water inside their bodies is at the same pressure as the water outside their body. So, they don't feel the pressure at all."
] | [
"remember in space material only needs to stand up to 1 atmosphere of pressure. That really isn't much 14.7 psi. Steel can easily withstand that. An astronaut would be able to apply more then 1 atm of pressure by poking a wall."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why are Bonsai trees so hard to care for? What makes them any different from a regular tree? | [
"Bonsai trees are regular trees or shrubs that have been carefully sculpted to be teensy fun-size trees. They're unique and fragile works of art. They need to be carefully cared for; their root systems suck because you have to put them in a really cramped pot to stunt their growth, and you have to constantly prune ... | [
"Most likely grafting and cloning. Taking a green cutting from a plant, you can root it and grow another identical plant. That's how a lot of commercially grown fruits are made. Apples come to mind."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How are we able to create images in our minds that aren't there? | [
"The things you see aren't \"there\" either. Images are ideas, and ideas are a mental constructs. Vision doesn't \"process\" images into some form you can think about. Rather ideas are recognized in the sensory signals. Only ideas are \"really there\" in your mind."
] | [
"The camera and photography occurred. Most art before the invention of the camera was for duplicating and capturing life-like images. Why hire a painter to paint a portrait when a photo will do? Now that we can capture images perfectly, art has to focus on things that aren't so easily captured: emotions and ideas."... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Psychology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Psychology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why was Peron's Argentina so welcoming to Nazi war criminals? | [
"Argentina had a lot of German immigrants and Peron was sort of fascist himself so he was somewhat sympathetic. He also though Argentina could benefit from taking in skilled Nazi members who didn't have the option to go anywhere else or be tried for their crimes."
] | [
"A related question were there public figures at the time who were apologists that tried to justify for the actions of the Japanese military at Pearl Harbor?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do cancers work in general, are they like bacteria, virus or some kind of genetic mutation gone wrong? | [
"Ultimately, cancer cells are cells that divide relentlessly. Normally, healthy cells stop dividing once there's no more use for daughter cells, but cancer cells will not stop dividing. This is generally because of damage to the genes that governs cell division being damaged in some way, and means cancer cells will... | [
"Viruses are dependent on other organisms to survive, so my guess is bacteria or some other microorganism came first."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
why wet tissues wipe stains on tables/walls better than dry tissues | [
"Because water is a solvent, and most of those are water soluble so they come out with water. Dry is just like sanding, no solvent. If it doesn't come off with water, then alcohol might, then acetone, then xylene, etc. Most stains are soluble in something, unfortunately so is the paint or finish they're on."
] | [
"the dishwater does a water cycle to wash off those chemicals. same with your laundry thing"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do plants grow and move towards sunlight? | [
"Plants grow by the creation of new cells. When you have a bunch of new cells, they can expand to their full size and the plant then has grown a little. Move towards the sunlight is the same: The cells which receive the least sunlight expand the most and thus the flower orients itself towards the sun."
] | [
"Because that is where there aren't any trees to get in their way (as there are on each side of them) and trees try to maximize how much sunlight their leaves can get. This is because sunlight is how plants get their energy. So tree branches will grow more where there is more light for them to access."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Can US political candidates make campaign promises in the form of legally binding contracts? If not, why not? | [
"No. In order for a contract to be valid there must be \"consideration\" on both sides. You cannot be contractually bound to do something for free, there needs to be some sort of exchange of value (and additionally it needs to be \"conscionable\" so absurdly one-sided contracts can also be thrown out). Furthermore ... | [
"> Do these companies and their employees get special exemptions? If so, how? Yes, and by asking the governments that employ them."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
Why does your heart rate improve the more you work out? | [
"Your heart is a muscle and cardio helps your heart becoming stronger. It doesn’t have to beat as many times to pump the blood because it has become more efficient"
] | [
"For starters, you need to specify what kind of workout. That is, Weightlifting, or Cardio. Weights are used to build strength and muscle mass, while cardio is exercise that involves maintaining a high heart rate to burn calories, get in shape, and (depending on what kind of cardio you do) tone muscles. You need to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the use of a breathalyser calculate your blood-alcohol concentration? | [
"Some of the alcohol in blood is released into the lungs, just like how CO2 in the blood is released into the lungs as well. As long your blood has a higher alcohol concentration than the air you're breathing, some of the alcohol will basically evaporate out of your lungs and into the air. Breathalyzers can measure... | [
"A field sobriety test is administered in order to establish probable cause before testing your blood alcohol level."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does File Transfer work over Remote Desktop Connections? | [
"the rdp listening server on the target pc and the rdp client on the host pc establish communications. then when this connection is established it opens up another port for file transfers. as long as you are connected to the RDP server from a RDP client, it can do file transfers regardless of where the pc's are loc... | [
"SSH - Secure Shell SSH is a method of remotely managing computers or electronic equipment such as routers and switches using a command line interface. All data sent using SSH is encrypted ensuring that data cannot be eavesdropped. Prior to the development of SSH management for similar devices was (and still is to ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How can you tell if the wine you’re drinking is “good” or “bad”? | [
"Does it taste good? There is your answer"
] | [
"Alcohol doesn't necessarily get better with age. Many wines are aged in a process involving very specific environmental conditions before they are bottled, but once they are bottled the aging stops for the most part. The taste can still be changed through light, heat, etc, but at the end of the day if you had a $2... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does Intel Optane store data that is frequently used to speed loading times up? | [
"the optane memory is used for caching. so things that you frequently use will be stored into this cache and be faster since it's optane. what makes optane faster is it's specific type of memory that is much faster than hdd/ssd's and reaching ram speeds."
] | [
"It's a different type of memory. Although they can be faster than a hard drive, SD cards are actually quite slow. RAM, on the other hand, is very fast memory - it needs to be as the CPU is constantly reading and writing data to and from the RAM. Using something the speed of an SD card would significantly slow the ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does anesthesia (like morphine) make people act all loopy? | [
"Morphine is not an anesthetic. It is a narcotic pain reliever. It does not cause amnesia (inability to make memories), or affect the conduction of nerve signals like pain. It simply makes you not care as much about pain by releasing chemicals that make you feel good. It does affect your brain in a way that makes i... | [
"From what I've witnessed, it just knocks you out. Makes you lethargic, sleep for hours, a bit disoriented when you wake up, sluggish, etc. One of my friends who is psychologically healthy took an antipsychotic because he thought it might help him sleep. It did, but not in a healthy, restful way."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
When we completely close our eyes, are we actually seeing the inside of our eyelids, or is our sight just "turned off" somehow? | [
"Shine a light at your eyes while they’re closed. What do you see? That’s your answer."
] | [
"Next time you go outside and look at the moon, keep looking at it but take a second to become aware of your peripheral vision. Look how much of the sky and the ground your eyes are actually taking in. When you go look at the moon, you're focusing on it and ignoring all of the sights in your periphery. That's a tri... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How is machine learning being used in business? | [
"As Dan Ariely said: \"Machine learning is like teenage sex. Everybody talks about it. Only some really know how to do it. Everyone thinks everyone else is doing it. So, everyone claims they’re doing it.\" The truth is to get to the state of using machine learning effectively, a sophisticated data infrastructure is... | [
"Big Data is the term used to define massive data sets that are too large or complex to handle using standard database/information management software. Rapid analysis and management of data sets of that magnitude require specialised software that is usually distributed over multiple servers. In short it already has... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Photography shutter speed, iso and aperture. | [
"Pretty much everyone has given a good explanation of what the different parts mean, so just going to add this in as an extra tip. One of the biggest changing points of my photography was learning about exposure. It took me way to long to learn that there’s a little meter that tells you how exposed a photo is goin... | [
"Because frames of film are rectangles. Nowadays the digital sensors are rectangles. Also, use the search bar in the future."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
Are there exceptions for leaving home while under house arrest? What about for grocery shopping or church? | [
"It depends entirely on your local government, and sometimes on the judge. Some allow *many* exceptions even going to work every day. Some allow *none* except in emergency."
] | [
"Arrested/detained/escorted home during the curfew on the discretion of responding police officer as long as the individual is not breaking curfew for work or a medical emergency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do certain states not have sales tax? | [
"They prefer to tax other things, because sales tax hits poor people especially hard (there is no exemption for the poor), unlike say income tax."
] | [
"This is done on a state-by-state basis. Some states will tax groceries while others will not. All states have a tax on prepared food."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How is Solar Power becoming cheaper? | [
"Several reasons. First is simply technological advancements in the field. solar panels are getting more efficient meaning you can get the same amount of power with less panels. Second is the economic of scale. As any market increases in scale, the cost to produce things will decrease. 20 years ago how many solar p... | [
"1. Solar panels are expensive 2. Solar panels are very inefficient 3. It is not sunny 100% of the time"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How can someone get six life sentences if they only have one life? Why isn’t there just one life sentence? | [
"The accused is tried and sentenced to each crime individually. This means if they do six crimes that deserve a life sentence they get six life sentences. It also means if they are later found to be innocent from one of the charges they don't need to be re-sentenced, they stay in prison."
] | [
"Because you can't undo it, so they want to make sure to give the convicted plenty of time to appeal in case the original decision was wrong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Law and Justice:"
} |
Asian Flush syndrome | [
"Are you asking what causes it? It's caused by the buildup of a chemical called acetaldehyde, which is a natural product of the metabolism of alcohol. It's genetic, and fairly common among people of Asian decent. There are a couple of genes responsible. One gene is responsible for producing a chemical called alcoho... | [
"It could be tied to biology. Reddening and swell of female reproductive organs in primates is fairly common. _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does coffee taste different first thing in the morning vs. afternoon? | [
"In the morning coffee taste like the will to live..in the afternoon it tastes like the will to let others live."
] | [
"Because generally your food/drink intake is fairly regular as well. You have coffee every day at 8am. Lunch at noon, dinner at 7 etc."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why it feels like you dont have any force in your muscles when newly woken from sleep? | [
"When you are in REM sleep, the brain is very active and you experience this as dreams. During this phase the motor neurons (that normally send signals to your muscles) sort of switch off to stop you from kicking and thrashing. The chemical that blocks the motor neurons can take a while to wear off so the signals g... | [
"Why do they randomly twitch just once? I dunno. Why do you get a twitch that won't go away? Potassium deficiency. I used to get eye twitches all the time before I figured it out."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post about Sleep and its effects on the body:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Economic wizez! Why is the profit of a company maximized when the marginal cost (MC) equals the marginal revenue (MR)? | [
"If I remwmber correctly: The key word is 'marginal'. Pretend you make millions of *widgets*. When the cost of making one more *widget* is equal to the **revenue** from that last *widget*, that means your profit for that last unit is ZERO. Its not worth it to keep going beyond that point."
] | [
"> But it's unclear what and how much to consider when examining the relationship of price and quantity supplied when looking at the Law of Supply in isolation I think this is your problem! It seems like you understand the law of supply perfectly well. The trouble is that you *can't* use the law of supply in isolat... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
coils in electrical circuits | [
"Coils and capacitors are very similar but kind of the opposite of each other. While capacitors will store charge and will keep the voltage across it stable a coil will store current and will keep the current across it stable. So the same way that you smooth voltage by adding a capacitor in parallel you can smooth ... | [
"small scale food and resources compared to large scale industrial whaling"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How did we decide the time value of a second? | [
"There was an old definition, made by dividing the rotational period of the Earth into 24 * 60 * 60 units. However, the Earth isn't precise enough for most science applications. The new definition, based on Cesium oscillations, was selected to give the same answer as the old definition, but more precisely."
] | [
"In the real world why would anyone want to be a politician?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do ZIP files work and what are they best suited for? | [
"Say you have a book, and you want to compress it. Now look for repeated words or phrases, and replace them with a code, and store a dictionary of codes. So if the book says \"hello world\" 10 times, instead replace it with \"XYZ\" and make a note of it. So you now have a book with way less letters, and a list of ... | [
"What do you mean? Your question needs to be a bit more specific. Are you asking what it is? Or how it's set? Or how the payments are made?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Is skin attached to anything or is it effectively a glued down giant sock? | [
"The epithelium of skin is made up of 5 layers(google if u want details). The outermost layer is made up of dead keratinized cells. This cells forms a barrier between you and the external environment. They are shed and replaced, just like how you have calluses on your sole. The inner layer of the skin is held by co... | [
"Your shirt rubbing your belly, and in the process shedding a bit of it's fabric. The belly button is a just a convenient little place the fabric bits can get stuck and build up."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why (scientifically) do cooking oils have differing ‘smoke-points?’ | [
"The smoke point of an oil is the temperature at which it starts to burn. All flammable substances have a temperature at which they'll start to burn, and this is dependent on how much energy it takes to break the bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms. In cooking oils, you have the fatty acids that are characteris... | [
"The differences boil down to the flavor, the kinds of fats, and the smoke point (the point at which it starts to separate and start smoking, producing bad flavors). Olive oil has a high amount of monounsaturated fats, and a low smoke point, making it quite healthy, but less suitable for frying at hot temperatures,... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
How Going Vegan Will Save The Environment | [
"Farming animals on the scales we do uses a vast amount of resources - feed, water, electricity, fuel. Livestock also excrete a massive amount of methane."
] | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
How negatives are converted to colored pictures? | [
"Are you asking about negative or about black & white? [Negative](_URL_0_) is the image with the colors inverted, for example black becomes white, red becomes cyan, and so on. No detail is lost, you just need to invert the colors to get the originals. If you're talking about colorization of black & white photos, th... | [
"They used to manually add color to each frame of a black and white film in order to \"colorize\" it. Today, computers can be used to automate much of the process, though it is still hard to get the colors so right that they look perfect 100% of the time. edit: the original film was in black and white."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why are earnings obtained actively through labor (wages) taxed at a significantly higher rate than earnings obtained passively through investments (capital gains)? | [
"Its to incentivise people to invest money in the economy and leave it there for a while letting it help the economy instead of jsut sitting in big scrooge McDuck bins. If income and capital gains were taxed at the same rate rich folk would want to invest in compaines that basically gave all thier earnings out as d... | [
"The way that the U.S. Tax code is structured, any compensation that you receive (wages, salary, bonuses, etc) above a certain threshold are taxed at a higher rate. But long term investment earnings are taxed different. If a person makes capital gains from buying low and selling high, those are taxed at a much lowe... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why are less developed countries called the 3rd world? And is there a second world? | [
"During the Cold War, First World countries were allied with the US, Second World were in the orbit of the USSR, and Third World were unaffiliated, and mostly too poor and isolated to be worth fighting over. During the war, Vietnam was dirt poor, but South Vietnam was a first world country, and North Vietnam (which... | [
"Educated guess that Worldwide colonization by uk caused many parts of the world to speak the language."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How the US government is able to rack up $22 trillion in debt? | [
"Article 1, section 8, point 2 of the constitution gives Congress power to borrow money. Elsewhere in the constitution gives people the right to vote for the representatives in Congress. People generally want to get stuff without paying for it. (don't you love free stuff?) Congress people have an incentive, there... | [
"You're only bankrupt if you can't make payments on your debts. Fortunately, $15 trillion in debt isn't that bad when your GDP is $15 trillion. Hell, I owe $100,000 on my house, and I only make $75,000. Does that mean I'm bankrupt, according to your logic?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
how do outside temperature readings in cars not be impacted by windchill, engine heat, or being baked by the sun? | [
"First, wind actually makes a thermometer more accurate. Windchill is something warm people feel because they want to be warm, and the wind makes the skin closer to air temperature, so we say wind chill because it makes our skin colder. But really wind makes things get closer to air temperature, and get to that tem... | [
"Humidity goes up with a bunch of warm bodies exhaling next to cold glass. Your cars defroster might not be able to defrost the windows even on max high settings unless you get the moisture out. This is why the ac will turn on automatically when using the defrost. Also, fresh air to breath is nice when in a full ca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does housing in England work? What are flats vs semis vs houses? What is a "council" and how does that work? | [
"Flats are usually single floored homes that are on top of each other, so numerous homes in one building. Semis are two houses joined together, then a space, for a drive etc, then two more houses A council is the local authority, providing local services eg bin collection, road surfacing, tax etc Council houses are... | [
"Freehold means you own the house and you own the land it's on. Leasehold means you own the house, but you're leasing the land it's on. The leases tend to be valid for very long times. You'd usually have a lease of 100+ years. If there is less than that left on the lease it will lower the value of the property beca... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
the difference between European and American weather models | [
"The european weather model, also known as the European Center for Medium Range Forecast (ECMWF) is different from the american model (GFS) simply because it uses different mathematical formulas to predict the physics behind weather. A weather person would most likely look at which model is most accurate when compa... | [
"What two types are you talking about? There are many ways to classify solar panels."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why can't we feel the earths speed? | [
"You don't feel speed, you feel acceleration. When you're in a car going 70 mph you don't feel it, you just feel yourself speeding up or slowing down, or the little bumps on the road, and you see the scenery outside moving. For comparison airplanes fly much faster than cars (around 500 mph) but you don't feel that ... | [
"do you mean the earth's rotation? or revolution? If rotation, the sun would rise from west to east, instead of east to west. Besides that, I don't think much would change."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why public advocacy for consumption of tobacco and drugs has been the opposite in the last decades? | [
"This isn’t true of all drugs. You still hear about how harmful opiates or meth are. Not all drugs cause the same amount of harm. There’s some evidence that telling horror stories about “drugs” (as if they’re all equally bad) is counterproductive in discouraging people from trying them. It’s a “boy who cried wolf” ... | [
"The same could be said for Marijuana or even ecstasy and LSD. In truth American drug laws haven't receive a serious restructuring on a national level in a very long time. That is why a lot of drugs with medical benefits or low risk of abuse are still classed as Schedule I."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The function of UNLESS. I don't know how to explain certain parts of this words uses. | [
"Unless basically means 'Except in the case/situation/event' So, I wouldn't be rude to my friend, except in the case where they didn't invite me to their party."
] | [
"I would really love to see a ELI5 of this, since knowing roughly how to explain it i can't really see how it can be simplified to that level."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What are the differences between RealD 3D, Imax 3D, and Dolby Cinema 3D? | [
"ah, brushing up before watching *Alita: Battle Angel*?"
] | [
"Gonna get a little technical: The movie has a digital equivalence of around 8192x2968 (assuming a 4K equivalence for regular 4-perf 35mm). I don't know of any theater that has a projector above 4K, many are even at 2K (2048x1080, almost the same as regular 1920x1080, as most movies are 2K). So, seeing it in a... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
how does not voting or voting for a small party affect the outcome of an election? | [
"Voting for a small party shows the ruling party that there are people out there that are **willing to vote**, but disagree with them. If say 5% of the vote went to a third party then one or both of the major parties will try to appeal to those voters. But if you dont vote then it shows them that they can literall... | [
"> Is it simply tallied and thrown out It's a winner-takes-all system where whoever gets the more than the other people wins. If the vote were split 34/33/33 it's the same as 51/48/1. Biggest number gets it and the losers get absolutely nothing real out of the election. The only real thing it does is try to make th... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does medication target a specific group of cells or organ in your body? | [
"Simply put they don't, at least not in the sense that they home in and concentrate themselves in certain areas of your body. The chemical enters your blood stream and circulates around your entire body. However these chemicals are like molecular keys that only unlock certain functions or cells. Something like a pa... | [
"Symptoms are not caused by the virus, but rather by your body's response to the virus. So, as long as the viruses are similar in nature to each other, your response will also be similar."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Medical:"
} |
What exactly is a truffle? | [
"It is a mushroom that grows in the forest floor. Pigs and sometimes dogs are used to track their scent and to dig them up. A truffle is also a delicious type of chocolate, so you were both correct."
] | [
"What the heck is a parcel pick up?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does looking at a screen keep me from feeling tired? | [
"I'm no expert, but I believe it has to do with the \"blue light\" screens emit. This blue light slows or completely stops melatonin production."
] | [
"And why does it end up hurting? I don't hurt my arms by crossing them, why does a little pressure on the eyes slowly hurt more over time?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about Science:"
} |
What exactly is a magnet pulling from the other metal? | [
"Moving electrons cause a magnetic field. That's because the underlying quantum field is electro-magnetic. The quantum fields are a part of the construct of the Universe. When an electron moves in a circle, it generates a dipole magnetic field through the center of the circle. Electrons also spin, but that property... | [
"You talking about all the oil mixing with water?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
How and why did we start eating cooked food? | [
"Burning food kills bugs and parasites that might be inside and reduces the likelihood of getting sick from eating it. Burning food also turns the proteins in food into a gel-like substance making it easier for the food item to keep said proteins allowing the consumer to get more calories from the food. This matter... | [
"Why do people in Western countries use forks?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Could a blimp filled with a vacuum (no air) float? | [
"Yes, it would be better than one filled with hydrogen. However, you need something to hold the bag in shape. Currently, blimps use the pressure of the helium to do that. If your \"something\" weighed more than the necessary volume of helium, then it would be a worse design than the current blimp approach."
] | [
"My understanding is that the (lighter than air) helium molecules are small enough to slowly leak through the rubber of the balloon like a sieve. Therefore, after a few days, the helium is not there to keep the balloon afloat!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
if every object attracts every other object it's then impossible to be perfectly standing still even in space ? | [
"Yes, things are attracted to each other by a tiny amount even over a nearly infinite distance. However you should also understand that all movement is relative and so being \"still\" is simply a point of view, not an objective state. You can be stationary relative to a field of reference but there is no universal ... | [
"Gravity itself is actually considered a fairly weak force, we are dragged to the surface by the force of gravity (Force=Mass * Acceleration, acceleration in the sense of gravity is 9.81m/s^2) but we have developed to be strong enough to over power it. The earth is actually moving away from the sun rather than towa... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
Why don’t people or companies use bamboo instead of normal wood from trees to make more products? | [
"Bamboo doesn't grow wide enough to make things like 2x4's or other structural beams used for house-sized construction. You can probably use bamboo after some processing (like you would pulp wood and compress it to make certain plywoods) but this would cost more time money equipment and effort than trimming down a ... | [
"The question is though... What's wrong with paper from wood? The paper industry plants as many trees as they cut down nowadays, to make sure they will be able to still make paper in the future. It's not like massive forests are disappearing because of paper."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
What is a SSL Certificate? | [
"In order to make a secure connection to your web page you need to encrypt that traffic. When you see this _URL_1_ that means the connection between client and server is encrypted and no one can sniff that traffic. In order to establish that connection your web server need a certificate that validate your domain a... | [
"Download RES. It allows you to. The link is at the bottom under tools."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
Why does the school bus driver get seatbelts but the students do not? | [
"They don't want the driver falling out of the seat, being thrown into the windshield and so on. Basically the close nature of the seats create little sub-compartments for the students \"NHTSA decided the best way to provide crash protection to passengers of large school buses is through a concept called “compartm... | [
"In order to get on the bus, you'd have run as fast as the bus. And if you're already as fast as the bus..then why do you need the bus?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
why does getting stabbed by a pencil leave a permanent mark? | [
"Sounds like you were getting tattooed. Graphite which is the \"lead\" in pencils is also used as a pigment in tattoos. Normally you would use a steel needle to get the pigments safely and reliably under the skin but a sharpened pencil might do the same job but less reliable. Tattooing is when you place pigments de... | [
"Adds extra stimulation to dull the senses, like rubbing your arm after getting punched and such. Why did you have an extremely hot bowl of milk?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document about Biology:"
} |
Ok so lets assume that RNA randomly arranged itself on early Earth, how was it able to copy itself? Why is this specific arrangement of atoms so special? | [
"If there's a whole soup of amino acids floating around, a chain of RNA will pick up extra amino acids to make pairs. Then if it separates, you have two strips with the same pattern and *those* can collect more free amino acids in the same pattern, and so on. Whatever pattern was better at making copies would have... | [
"Life as we know it requires several things, including the ability to use energy, replicate, grow, etc. DNA (and RNA) are the only information encoding molecules known to us, but some proteins can perform self replication directly without needing DNA/RNA and hypothetical cell *ancestors* could have existed long be... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does Google and other weather prediction applications calculate the "feels like" temperature? | [
"There are two publicly available \"feels like\" calculations for Wind Chill and Heat Index. They account for wind and humidity, respectively. You can look up a table that adjusts the apparent temperature for those two factors. For other calculations those are going to be trade secrets and not publicly disclosed."
... | [
"From The Weather Channel: > The 'Chance of Precip' describes the likelihood of precipitation (maybe not even measurable) in your forecast area. The chance is based upon a series of 100 instances of identical weather conditions. > For example, a 40% Chance of Precip means that precipitation occurred 40 out of 100... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage about weather:"
} |
Why does it rain more in the winter? Specifically, why does the cold or warm air make it rain more or less, not why do different regions have cold or warm air? | [
"Water condenses more easily at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, it remains vapor more easily. When water condenses in the air, it falls as rain. So, colder temperatures make more rain because the water in the air doesn't stay as vapor or smaller droplets that stay aloft."
] | [
"It has zero to do with solar flares. If you have a big swing like that and you don't live in a desert, then most likely a warm mass of air has moved in to replace a colder one, rather the air itself changing temperature. If you do live in a desert, then the sun alone can do that - things warm up in sunlight and c... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
What happens when you pull a muscle, and how does stretching it help? | [
"When you pull a muscle you actually tear the muscle fibers. Usually when you get a pulled muscle you rest the muscle, elevate it and place a cold compress on it. Slight massaging can help blood flow to the area and prompt healing. I think what you might be referring to is a muscle cramp. And this is caused by deh... | [
"Simple acute muscle spasm, basically when you spend prolonged time in one position the muscles in your neck can tighten up and cause significant pain. Nothing at all to worry about, just move your neck around a bit and wait for it to calm down. Source: licensed physical therapist"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Health and Wellness:"
} |
Why does bread go stale when exposed to air but stays fresh when it’s in a plastic bag that’s filled with bread and air? | [
"When bread goes stale/hard it has gotten dehydrated and all the water that was in it has evaporated out. The bag it stays in keeps moisture in(for the most part) and prevent it from going stale."
] | [
"Hey OP, this one is pretty straight forward. Even though the bag isn't sealed, rolling it up prevents the exchange of air across the cereal. When you 'close' the bag, whatever oxygen and moisture is in the space is quickly absorbed. This will cause a small amount of cereal to get a little stale, but it's not signi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
The phrase “Correlation does not equal causation” | [
"Just because two things happen together sometimes doesn’t mean that either one caused the other thing to happen."
] | [
"Consider the following phrase: \"Where there's smoke, there's fire. Smoke is made when things are on fire.\" Inductive reasoning is when you go: \"Since there is always smoke when something's on fire, when there's smoke, there's fire.\" Since every time you've seen A happen to B, C happens; C happens when A happen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How do they make weed killer that they can spray on grass and plants that only kill weeds without hurting the grass or plants? | [
"There are two major families of flowering plants, called dicots and monocots. There are a lot of subtle differences between them, but one of the easiest ways to tell is the [shape of the leaves](_URL_0_) EDIT: and the way the veins are arranged Grasses and almost all grain crops, like corn, wheat, and rice, are mo... | [
"Let's say your body is like the lawn in front of your house. You've got grass, and some bushes, maybe a tree or two. All of these are good things you want to keep around. But then some ugly weeds start growing in your yard and your dad wants to get rid of them. He goes to the store and buys some weed killer and s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a microphone work? | [
"There are a lot of different types of microphones, but the simplest kind is called a dynamic microphone--it's what you normally see on stage with a singer. They're basically just speakers wired backwards, and you can actually use speakers as microphones and vice versa if you switch the wiring up! (although they do... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do things that rotate (drills, vehicle wheels etc) continue spinning indefinitely? | [
"Drills are usually driven by electric motors, an inner magnetic piece spins within (but separate from) a charged coil, there is nothing to tangle as the power is being transmitted via electromagnetism. Wheels spin on lubricated bearings, round or cylindrical pieces of metal coated in lubricant arranged around the... | [
"Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Let's use a wheel as an example: It takes some energy to get the wheel spinning. For the wheel to continue spinning forever, it would have to lose no energy in the process of spinning. However, the wheel will always lose energy to friction with the air and with the axle that... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why does wasabi and horse radish kick you in the nose unlike other spicy stuff? | [
"The active chemical in hot peppers is capsaicin. Wasabi has allyl isothiocyanate, which, unlike capsaicin, is able to vaporize and get up your nose. Allyl isothiocyanate is also not oil based like capsaicin, so it doesn't linger as long in your body."
] | [
"Spicy things are measured in Scoville heat units or SHUS. When something is spicy to us our body tries to cool the internal heat the only way it knows how, mucus. Much like when hot wings make your nose run, so will Tabasco and water help loosen your sinus. The higher the SHU, the more intense the heat and the mor... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do auctioneers talk so fast that it pretty much makes their sentences incoherent? | [
"It’s called an “[auction chant](_URL_0_).” > Slurring filler words to make multi-part filler word phrases is a key element, giving the illusion that the auctioneer is talking fast, meant to create more excitement and bidding anxiety among the bidding crowd."
] | [
"It's not that it's hard it's because it's on purpose. Commercials come in louder because the advertisers want to ingrain their product in your mind and make sure you hear loud and clear what they are selling."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
How do animals who aren't parented know when they meet their own species? | [
"The ELI5 answer is that they just \"know.\" We lose a lot of intrinsic knowledge when we define things as humans. Parrotfish can distinguish itself in the same way an infant might distinguish a human parent from another primate for example. While the infant might react similarly, there is deep-rooted intrinsic kno... | [
"Most animals have the instinct to rely on larger creatures (usually their parents) to survive. Partially because they are not ready to defend themselves yet. Baby birds can't fly away, baby cats don't have the strength to attack, etc. If you raise the animal from birth, it will think of you as a family member, but... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes large objects like planes to seem like they’re going slower than they actually are? | [
"In general we know that things close to us move faster than objects far away. We use this as a visual clue to determine distance. This is known as motion parallax. Imagine sitting in a car and looking at distant hills. A line of fence posts near the road has the fence posts quickly snapping by. A line of fence pos... | [
"Stars don't move very fast, and these stars are millions of light years away. Even if they moved a great distance away, they would have to move really far for somebody with a normal telescope to notice. It's like when you see an airplane in the sky, it might be moving really fast, but it still looks slow. Stars, h... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Physics:"
} |
How can humid air be breathed in without getting water in the lungs? | [
"While humid air contains a lot of water already, unless a person is very ill, the lungs will not collect any water, and will in fact exhale more water than breathed in. The average adult male will exhale around 400ml of water each day. That's nearly a quarter of what the same person would lose by urinating each da... | [
"The point of sinuses is: To warm up cold air before it gets into your body, reducing the amount of damage it can do to your lungs. To filter the air of toxins, infectious agents, and allergens (at least to some degree) before it gets into the body. Locking them in mucus, and then expelling them from the body. To... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How does a diode work? | [
"There are different types and constructions of diodes, but the most common type are created with silicon that is doped in two different ways to create P-type (positively doped, short one electron) and N-type (negatively doped, plus one electron) material. They are then put together with a depletion layer, which is... | [
"Are you asking how a wheel works ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does the camera follow the bullet or tank shell in those videos of them in flight? | [
"Usually they use a rotating mirror that precisely matches the expected speed of the object. Because it sweeps out a large arc the mirror doesn't need to spin unreasonably fast."
] | [
"With other planes or helicopters, or with fast panning cameras on the ground. It's not really very difficult to film a flying plane at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How did Amazon pay $0 in federal income taxes on $11.2 billion in profit? | [
"Basically, they reduced their taxable income to zero. There are two main ways to do this. Tax credits and giving out stock as compensation to employees. We don't know exactly which tax credits Amazon claimed but common ones are research and development, domestic production, and equipment depreciation. The bigger p... | [
"Netflix has over 83 million subscribers. If each subscriber pays just $10 per month (= $120 per year), then they make nearly $10 billion a year, a lot more than $6 billion."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do blue LED holiday lights appear purple in reflections? | [
"Lots of paints and papers include fluorescent compounds. These are made to absorb UV light and output visible light to make the surface look brighter, but many of them are also activated by blue light. These fluorescent compounds are absorbing some of the blue and producing red and green light."
] | [
"The inside of your eye is not completely black as it would appear through your pupil. You can see the reflection if sufficiently illuminated (e.g. flash)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do ducks and geese walk across the road rather than fly? | [
"Flying requires a lot of energy and is most efficient for longer stretches. The largest burst of energy is required for takeoff so they would want to minimize how many times they take off from the ground. They're just not built for quick, frequent take offs and landings."
] | [
"We don't look or act like their predators. Its the same reason Penguins walk right up to us. They've also learned over time that we will go out of our way to not harm them. The same reason that birds in cities will often just hang around on sidewalks and not fly off when people approach."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is pizza so heavily marketed towards children in the USA? | [
"If children develop the taste for pizza, it is most likely that they're going to eat it their entire life, either if their parents bought it, either if they purchase it as they grown up; all resulting in great profit for the companies for an endless period of time because the cicle repeats when today's children ha... | [
"Why do you say that it's logical that breakfast be the heaviest meal of the day?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why are we scared after having nightmares or watching horror movies when we know that they are not real? | [
"From an evolutionary psychology perspective, screens/movies/intense entertainment such as these haven't been around for very long. Anytime an ancestor saw something scary or threatening it's because it was real. Our brains still aren't designed for anything different. Nightmares are different. I read somewhere tha... | [
"Actually we remember our nightmares more than we remember dreams, (because when we're having nightmares we're more likely to be woken up during the REM stage) That's why it seems that we tend to have more nightmares than dreams."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What is the difference mechanically between copying a file and moving it? | [
"Copy is to make a copy of the selected file or folder and place the duplicate in another drive or folder, while move is to move the original files from one place to another location. The move command deletes the original files, while copy retains them."
] | [
"Because all dragging them to the trash does is mark them for deletion. It doesn't actually copy them anywhere. When you drag items from your external HD to your desktop, you are copying the entirety of every file from the external hard drive to an internal drive."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Do Lagrangian points allow an object 'dropped' on that location (velocity = 0) to remain in the same spot relative to both bodies? | [
"Depends on your definition of \"relatively large\", but yes, and are sometimes referred to as Trojan asteroids. These can (and do) exist for almost all the planets (even earth has *some catalogued), but the majority of known, large ones share Jupiter's orbit easy rule of thumb for stability (although it's a bit o... | [
"Because the objects have enough speed to keep them from being pulled in. an object orbiting a star, if it came to a complete stop, would be pulled directly into the star."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How the water inside trees doesn't freeze in hard cold winters? | [
"Because it's a solution; there's a bunch of other stuff dissolved in that water. Just like salt on ice, these other chemicals reduce the freezing point far enough that temperatures rarely reach it. Somebody else will have to explain the capillary action. It's been a while since I read up on that stuff."
] | [
"Asphalt softens in high temperatures. Concrete cracks in cold temperatures. That should tell you everything you need to know."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
Why does snow in tire tracks/foot prints melt faster? | [
"Untrampled snow contains air pockets in its structure, which acts like insulation. That insulating effect helps to slow down heat transfer, which keeps the snow from melting. When you walk/drive it compresses the snow which allows the heat from the sun to better warm the snow and melt it"
] | [
"The black heaps are all the snow and road sludge and debris that the plows picked up and formed into giant piles. The black color *does* accelerate the melting of this pile, but it's so much deeper than the generic snow cover that it tends to last many days after the snow has melted everywhere else. The very last ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Who are states in debt to? | [
"The debt is mostly in the form of treasury bonds. Basically the U.S government will take out a loan from people and after X amount of years will pay back the money plus a predetermined amount of interest to whoever has the bond. These bonds can be bought by literally anyone. The majority of it is owned by private ... | [
"And to hijack this in a related way, what were the alternatives to \"America.\""
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is it that after taking gulps of water to quench thirst, stopping, and then drinking more, does your body hesitate to accept it-- almost as if your mouth is full of water already? | [
"I don't remember the exact name of it, but we have specialized nerves/brain functions that control things like appetite, swallowing reflex, and breath-holding reflex. For example, the \"myth\" that rabies makes you afraid of water is actually true. Since rabies affects the brain, one of the things it does is make ... | [
"It gives you the chance to hold something and breath without swallowing. Imagine if the substance was blood, poison, or saltwater: would you really want to swallow? By the same token, say your mouth is full of water and you try to breathe through your nose; do you want that water going into your lungs? It's all to... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What causes the gamey taste in meat? | [
"When you hunt an animal it is damn near hot (being the temperature of a living animal) and the meat will remain fresh as the blood continues to flow. As soon as you shoot it and the animal dies it becomes hot dead meat and starts to lose its hormonal and other balances (I’m not a scientist I’m a hunter I know how ... | [
"Related question: What color is human meat when it is cooked? Edit: cooked in the same manner as pork or beef or chicken or whatever"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why does the US not fix our broken school system? | [
"Short answer, money. Slightly longer answer: religion, anti-intellectual movement, funding, social issues, and things that are used to ‘measure’ performance. Tests are easy to use to see if a kid can produce the answer to a given question. Which is great if you are playing Jeopardy but generally useless day to day... | [
"Do you have any examples that show the administration is eager to get into a war?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Finding Distance Between Two Latitude And Longitude Points | [
"Do a Google search on the haversine formula. You're going to need to get comfy with some trig, and take into account the Earth radius. Since this is not a sphere, there are multiple formula for doing this more or less approximately. If you search for great-circle distance equations, you can find a flat surface app... | [
"Being Black Does Actually Have (Relatively Minor) Health Consequences, It's Just That They're Obviated By Modern Life. There's An Energy Cost To Have Extra Melanin, Even A Small One, So If You Don't Need It It Won't Be Selected For. Melanin Reduces Vitamin-D Uptake From The Sun If Sunlight Is Lower Than You're Ada... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How come whenever you think about being stabbed or impaled there is some sort of feeling in the exact area you were thinking about? | [
"Your body has many senses, like taste, touch, sight, blah blah. Well, one of the more obscure sense is called the kinesthetic sense. The brain can perceive information given by a stimulus by your own brain. It’s though that this sense is what dictates perception. A classic example is to close your eyes and to not ... | [
"I would guess because it's more relatable. Most of us are far more likely to have experience with something getting jammed up under our nail than getting shot. It's the same thing as watching a man getting nailed in the testicles makes men groan and curl up just at the sight of it, and a woman doesn't flinch. We d... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
How are glaciers constantly moving and what causes it? | [
"Ice is not perfectly solid, it can flow like very very thick molasses. But what's pushing it? Gravity. If snow packs up to form a thick pile of ice on the side of a mountain, it will flow downhill. Even without a mountain, a large enough pile of ice will sag and flow under its own weight."
] | [
"Erosion is just one method of changing the surface of the Earth. The material that is eroded from coastlines and mountains is deposited on planes and in the ocean. There is also subduction and obduction of the techtonic plates forming mountains ridges and oceans. All in all the material on Earth will not leave."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Normally kettles work with steam heating up a bimetal, how does this work on a variable temperature kettle that keeps specific temperatures? | [
"I'm no expert in kettles, but I'd assume it's something along these lines: In engineering terms: - There is a heating element that recieves electrical power from a relay. - There is a thermocouple attached to a small microcontroller, which switches the relay in a PWM-like fashion - By controlling the relay's duty ... | [
"Do you mean the JLC Atmos ? They use a sealed tube with ethyl chloride liquid and gas, the ratio of liquid to gass changes depending on atmospheric pressure and temperature which pushes a spring when exapnding that winds the clock. If you had it in a room where pressure and temperature remains constant the clock ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
What is the difference between Amnesia and Alzheimer's? | [
"Amnesia is usually a symptom of a bigger disorder or injury. Alzheimers patients suffer a form of amnesia called anterograde amnesia, the inability to form new memories after the onset of the disorder, the disorder itself causes the degradation of brain tissue. As the brain begins to slowly die it loses the pathwa... | [
"Do you have Diabetes? There is also something called Maple Syrup urine disease."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
Why does heat appear to warp the air? | [
"Light bends when it passes between mediums with different refractive indexes. This is how lenses work, and why when you put you hand under water it seems to be in a different place than it actually is. Air slightly changes its refractive index when it changes temperature, so hot air will bend light and appear to m... | [
"Why would the attraction of a black hole make anything travel faster than light?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
What kind of assets is a Student Loan Asset Backed Security backed with? | [
"It isn't backed with anything physical. Loans are liabilities to the borrower and are recorded as assets to the lender. So the \"asset\" that is described is just a bunch of student loans grouped together by a big lender (perhaps). The \"value\" of that asset is the cash flow that is forecasted as the loans are r... | [
"Stock: You own part of the company. If there are 100 stocks, and you own 1, you own 1% of the company. Bond: My company needs $100 loan to do a project. I don't want to get get the money from a bank, so I create bonds. If you buy my bond, I'll pay you back with interest. Securities: Any tradable financial asset. T... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do big whales get enough oxygen to stay under water for so long while remaining active? | [
"It's myoglobin, an oxygen storing protein in the blood, that whales and other aquatic mammals have large amounts of. [See](_URL_0_)"
] | [
"Geese are not sea creatures. Their nests are located on land, and they stay there during storms. Dolphins spend most of their time below the surface, where storms have little effect. They need to come to the surface to get air for just a few seconds every few minutes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If screen resolution of my phone is same as resolution used in most cinemas, how come movie isn't very bad and pixelated in cinema? | [
"Most movie projectors have 2K resolution, about the same as a \"Full HD\" TV set at 1920 & times;1080 pixels. This resolution is designed to match 20/20 vision when viewed at 3 screen heights which is roughly 1.5 screen diagonals. So, viewing your 5\" phone from 7.5\" away, or viewing a 50' cinema screen from 75' ... | [
"Most widespread format of monitors/screens at present is 16:9, if I'm correct, so most videos are made to look best on them as in this way that will appeal more people with less effort. But people who watch such videos on screens with other dimensions, e.g. 16:10, 4:3, etc. would see black bars due to their screen... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How the doctors decide where to cut people who get badly injured members, like legs or arms. Above or under an articulation? Is there any criteria to use in each case? | [
"> injured members The word you're looking for is _extremeties_ Working under the assumption that you're talking about amputation, the surgeons always try to preserve as much of the affected extremetie as possible. It depends on how much, and how exactly, the body part has been damaged, but they always try to amput... | [
"You have to take into account all these different factors: - What tissue/structure do you want to see? - At what resolution do I need to scan? (how detailed should the picture be?) - What does is cost to order that type of scan? - What is the effect of the scan on the patient and do I want this? (X-Ray/CAT is bad ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
Why do you not remember things that happened when you’re a child? | [
"Virtually nobody has memories from very early childhood but it's not because we don't retain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don't yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories"
] | [
"Because when you're a kid, a year is a larger portion of your lifespan than when you're, say, 50."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Carbonation. I understand why carbonated drinks release bubbles when they are opened, but why does shaking it make it bubble more vigorously when opened? | [
"For bubbles to form you need _nucleation points_ - something for bubble to 'get started' on. When you pour a carbonated drink into a glass and you see streams of bubbles originating from points inside the glass, you are seeing where small particles of food or scratches in the side of the glass are - these are nucl... | [
"Well it has to do with pressure. Wine is put into the bottle and sealed so that no air goes in or out. Now if the wine is sparkling wine then that means none of the bubbles can come out so there is a slightly higher pressure inside the sealed bottle. That pressure is enough to slightly change the freezing point of... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How is this possible and how can I replicate it? | [
"Waves make boat go up and down. You jump right before boat goes down, you and boat move in opposite directions. You stay in air longer"
] | [
"And more importantly how do I get one for myself?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument about biology:"
} |
Why does the body automatically make your eyes and nose leak when you are vomiting? | [
"Protection. Vomit is full of stomache acid that can hurt your sinuses and throat/mouth. So before, and as, you are vomiting your body ramps up saliva and mucus production. The muscle contractions then force it out as you vomit."
] | [
"Why do the glands in my neck burn like high hell when I'm holding back tears?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
What happens in your body when you have to go to the bathroom, but hold it for so long that you no longer need to go? | [
"Both the urethra and rectum has sphincters made of muscle cells that you can control voluntarily. But these cells also have an involuntary component controlled by a reflex. So when you need to go the reflex allows the muscles to relax and empty bladder and rectum. The voluntary control steps in when you are not ne... | [
"Wait until you need to pee. Then don't go. You will be able to ignore it at first, maybe even forget you needed to go. Eventually the urge will come back, stronger this time. Still, try to resist. Do not go. You may or may not be able to ignore it at this point. Keep at it. At some point, it will become the ONLY t... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Markov Chains and where people use them | [
"Markov Chains are used often in probabilistic modelling. For complex multi-step models they can be used to simulate how aggregate behavior interacts sequentially so that one may forecast from a null state to a final state, that may have multiple probabilistic steps."
] | [
"Because then we would also have to add * Communism/socialism/Marxism * The speed of light * Black holes * How computers work * Monty Hall problem"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does lack of sleep cause eye bags? | [
"So an explanation I've heard is that liver/kidney/adrenal stress is associated with eye bags. So if you're chronically low in sleep, then you hurt your adrenal/liver function. Here are some other reasons: * Other things that can contribute to dark circles under the eyes include: medication that causes blood vessel... | [
"They dry out your eyes and can lead to infection."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
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