query stringlengths 19 300 | pos list | neg list | task stringclasses 1
value | instruction dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What is the point of inflation? | [
"Growth in the economy is characterized as an increase in demand across the country. By supply and demand, an increase in demand means an increase in price. This is called demand-pull inflation. So that's one source of it; it's an inevitable product of economic growth. If your economy grows, it'll have inflation. ... | [
"It's a big system. It also carries a bit from state to state. Are you interested in the application process? Policy? Logistics?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
When do you refer to gigabyte and when to gigabit? | [
"You usually refer to gigabytes when you store things and gigabit when you transfer things. You could, I guess, refer to gigabytes when you transfer things too, but there are a few things that ruin the calculations. Among them are that the transfer of data also has a lot of overlay information. Packet addressing. C... | [
"It's different definitions of GB. Hard drive manufacturers say that a gigabyte is 1000x1000x1000 bytes, while Windows says that it's 1024x1023x1024 bytes. 750GB by the first definition is about 700GB by the second, so that's what Windows shows. We're now supposed to use gigabyte and GB only to mean the first defin... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why is it, the more alcohol you drink; the quicker it passes through you? | [
"**Alcohol** inhibits the pituitary secretion of anti-**diuretic** hormone (ADH), which acts on the kidney to reabsorb water. **Alcohol** acts on the hypothalamus/pituitary to reduce the circulating levels of ADH. When ADH levels drop, the kidneys do not reabsorb as much water; consequently, the kidneys produce mor... | [
"This is pretty much a myth. The total amount of alcohol that you drink has a far greater impact on making you sick than how many different types of alcohol you mix together."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Science:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Science:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the raising prices of goods seen as justified by many per inflation, but the raising of wages for anyone other than the upperclass is not? | [
"The premise of your question is incorrect in two ways. First, overall wage growth *is* sought by economists. Second, mild to moderate inflation is tolerated (and, in some ways, good), but high inflation is bad and runaway inflation is an economy that’s about to die. In the US, the main job of the Federal Reserve ... | [
"passions run high on reddit when it comes to this. but no its not of sign that the economy is getting better or worse. it is in its entirety a political (and sometimes emotional) issue. however the outcome is usually bad. the government is not predicting that things will get more expensive, things get more expens... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
who owns the internet or how does it work? | [
"It depends on what you mean by \"the internet\". The internet is really just the means that we connect and share data. If we where to make an analogy to a city then it would look something like this. The buildings would be your data centers and websites. They are owned by people, but you can stop by and see whats ... | [
"There are still forced ads on facebook, etc Theyre still worth a lot just because they hold a lot of data on a lot of people. Information is currency."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Technology:"
} |
How does adderal make people with ADD focused, but makes unafflicted people hyperactive? | [
"So you’ve got two people with chicken nuggets. One has dipping sauce, the other doesn’t. The one who has sauce can eat their nuggets. The one who doesn’t has a hard time. Their nuggets are dry and tasteless. If you give some sauce to the one who doesn’t have any they can eat their nuggets just fine, like the othe... | [
"I've had ADHD my whole life and wondered why I was yawning and drowsy after my daily espresso. My little sister was actually prescribed Mountain Dew before she went to school since, like ADHD meds, its a stimulant and has proven effects to actually calm the hyper active brain. Even upwards of 15 shots of espresso ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What are the shadows we see for a split second out the corner of our eyes? | [
"Your peripheral vision is useful, but also pretty low quality. It's out of focus and doesn't receive quite the same attention in our minds - it's more of a subconscious image processing meant to alert us to nearby predators or other danger lurking out of your main field of vision. Your brain may be picking up on a... | [
"For the same reason the birds and kites soar. The smoke floats on the air. Given enough time, the smoke will fall to the floor. Check out the carpeting in a smokers house compared to a non smoker. Look at dust particles floating in sunlight. Then check the dust that has settled on the surfaces in a room."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do supercomputers use GPU instead of CPU ? | [
"The kinds of problems you use supercomputers for tend to be things that do lots of math with lots of numbers without thinking too much about it. GPUs are great at applying fairly simple logic to lots of numbers at once because they're able to run the same instructions across a thousand sets of numbers at once (and... | [
"When they need to they do. There are some reasons it may not though: 1. CPU speed isn't the bottleneck: if the program needs to pull a lot of data from its code, usually the limiting factor is the speed of the storage drive, (aka hard drive or SSD). The CPU can't do much if its waiting to receive data. 2. The pro... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How do vinyls work? How do the little grooves actually produce a variety of sounds and voices rather that simple monotones? | [
"Ask yourself \"How does sound work?\". NO matter how complex teh sound - an entire orchestra say - it's still just waves of air hitting your ear-drum. Just a single wave-form. And that's all the grooves have to reproduce. Sound is amazing."
] | [
"Imagine a clear piece of paper with a line drawn on it. Take a few more of those, each with different lines drawn in different colors in different directions. Now, put those pieces of paper on top of each other. You can still see most of the lines. Some may cross each other or overlap a bit. In fact, you can make ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do QR codes work? | [
"They are like a barcode and translate into a link that shows you the information at the end"
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
Why does milk help soothe a spicy mouth better than other drinks? Is it specific to animal milk, or would nut milk have the same effect? | [
"It is specific to animal milk. Animal milk contains casein which binds to the spicy thing neutralising it. Nutmilk doesnt have it because nuts themselves do not have casein and the process of milkifying a nut does not add or cause it to have any either."
] | [
"Not directly, as it contains no calories -- in that sense it's like drinking water. Maybe indirectly, as it can increase your habit of liking sweets -- some of which *do* have calories."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
What do integration and differentiation do and why are they useful? | [
"Differentiation is rate of change, its how much something is going to change in the next second. Thats all it is, a measure of slope, or velocity (distance/second). It doesnt need to be time, its just change of something per change of something else. Integration is the area under that curve, and is basically diffe... | [
"Statistics is a branch of mathematics. The math does not change, but how you apply it does, and that is what tailor made classes do, teach you how to apply the math."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Mathematics:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence about Mathematics:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
How is rock removed to expose a fossil without damaging the fossil? | [
"I picked a couple of fossilized leaves this summer. The leaf was very different to the rock around it, and several of the rocks i found split apart at the leaf when i tried cracking them open. The leaf surface is smooth and hard, while the rock around it is porous, letting cracks easily form in the plane of the le... | [
"The teeth you find on the beach are fossilized > Shark teeth are made up of calcium phosphate, which is the mineral apatite. Although shark teeth are sturdier than the cartilage that makes up their skeleton, the teeth still disintegrate over time unless they are fossilized. > > This is why you rarely find white ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why would a well-stablished service/company still need rounds of huge fundings? | [
"Just because you’re well established, and going forward doesn’t mean you’re actually making money, even if you are, you may not be making enough to continue to grow, expand, and adapt. In fact most established companies need more funding, however this is generally achieved through loans rather than selling equity... | [
"Somethings need to be touched or experienced. They can also do onsite repair and warranty work for value add Value add is the key. The appeal to niche markets or do something that email and returns isn't quite comfortable Would you buy a house online?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
Why is it so difficult to make reflections in video games? | [
"Doing a reflection essentially means drawing the scene twice, once from the camera's point of view and once from \"within\" the mirror. Drawing the scene takes a lot of processing power. If the game runs at say 60 fps normally, having to draw the scene twice will make that framerate drop significantly. That said i... | [
"It's a lot easier to make something small very strong."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Government Business Hours | [
"It means 24 hours but they didn't know how to fill out the form to show that."
] | [
"Be sure to check out our Booklist! _URL_0_"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
how can there be freezing rain if outside temperatures are well above freezing? | [
"Air temperature and ground temperature do not always (or even often) align evenly. While the air might be 36, the ground could be colder or warmer. As rain falls, it becomes chilled by the air, and can form hail or snow above 32. If it lands on a surface that is below 32, it will freeze. If it became super cooled ... | [
"Like most physical problems the funnest way to deal with them is the extremes. When it comes to not raining yes it is absolutely possible for there to be a moment in which it is not raining anywhere in the world. However the follow up question is different... If literally cannot be raining everywhere on the world ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How people with face transplants regain sensation and the ability to smile and talk. | [
"Yes, nerves do grow, but very slowly. And the surgeons need to attach the donor’s nerve endings to the recipient’s nerve endings so that there is a neural pathway."
] | [
"Because, believe it or not, your sense of smell has a lot to do with how we *taste* food. When you can't smell, your taste diminishes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Why are patients given general anesthesia directed to count backwards by 7s? Why not just talk? | [
"They make you do sevens? Last time they made me just count backward from 100. I think the counting is a marker, last time I got to a certain number and they said I needed more."
] | [
"Are you talking and moving at the same time? Drunks tend to do one or the other. Are you speaking more clearly answering simple questions than thinking ones (count by three or alphabet backwards)."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does the UNIX tool grep work so quickly? | [
"It implements the Boyer-Moore algorithm. You begin by preprocessing the pattern to generate a rule table, which I'll mention again in just a moment. You match the pattern by it's last character and work in reverse. If the pattern doesn't match, then the principle key to the speed of this algorithm is that you skip... | [
"Is there a revealed hash I don't know about to maintain integrity?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are certain calories more satiating than others ? | [
"I'm not a nutricionist but calories are not food. Calories are a measure of energy. Your question is equivalent to \"why are some kilograms heavier than others\". When it comes to food, how much a certain food sates your hunger is determined by a lot of things, like caloric density: the amount of energy for a give... | [
"Fat isn't bad. We need to unlearn that bit of mid-90's wisdom. Natural fats, in moderation, are very good for you. Peanuts in particular contain many fats that are considered good for cardiovascular health. So what is about fats? Eating too many calories are bad, and fat has a lot of calories. Eating too much fat ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does bleach kill microbes? Is it effective against viruses/fungi/algae/bacteria/everything? | [
"Chlorine present in the bleach reacts very easily with organic molecules, such as those found in the outer walls of cells and viruses, and thus prevents those molecules from behaving as expected, and thus interrupting the processes necessary for the cell/virus to keep living/being viable. So yes, it poisons them. ... | [
"No, most soaps are just \"release agents\" which just help remove particulates without actually killing bacteria. Antibacterial soaps actually contain an antibiotic that kills the bacteria. Also you shouldn't use antibacterial soap all the time, it's bad for your immune system."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment about Science:"
} |
How do grep's algorithms work, and what optimizations were made to it? | [
"Take a look at the very thorough post from RipGrep’s author. _URL_0_"
] | [
"A decoder takes a code and undoes it. Without any more context there isn't any way to answer your question as decoders mean different things in various fields and applications."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How do contact lenses automatically gravitate towards your iris? | [
"They are specifically shaped to go over your cornea which is raised just a little bit over the eye itself."
] | [
"It's not the eyes straining when looking up, but your upper eyelid trying to stay above your pupil."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
How come you can lock your car from further distances when you place your key fob against your head? | [
"When you raise your fob you're getting better line of site. The waves don't have to bounce around as much to get to its destination. It doesn't need to be against your head."
] | [
"You don't need the key in the ignition for all of them, just the older ones. Newer push-button starters only need the key fob in range of the sensor in the car."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
What happens to the dead bodies of bacteria after killing them in boiling water? | [
"They stay in the water some cells will remain in one piece and some will be pulled apart by the boiling. When you drink it you can use use if like any animal or plant cell you eat there is not fundamental difference. Products like Spirulina is dried cyanobacteria so we can use dead bacteria as food as long as they... | [
"It is so high in sugar that organisms don't have enough moisture to live. The sugar is hydrophilic and will suck the water out of bacteria that encounter it. Basically the same idea behind salting meat, except that uses salt of course."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How does China rationalize it's claim to the South China Sea? | [
"Well the short answer is “poorly”, but here goes nothing. Modern China sees herself as heir to imperial China’s possessions. They argue that, before the intervention of western imperial powers, China had de facto control over the South China Sea, and many of the powers in it. When western imperialism asserted it... | [
"China is not especially hostile to the United States. Their economy is heavily dependent on exports to the US and investment from American companies. They have policy disputes on a number of issues (human rights in China, China's claim to Taiwan, China's claim to the entire South China Sea), but no real hostility.... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
What is the chaos theory? | [
"Many things in the world are governed by differential equations. That is, some force will be proportional to some rate of change. Some problems are complex enough that the differential equations are *non-linear*. Non-linear differential equations can often be solved, but the solutions are often **extremely sensiti... | [
"Maybe let's start with: what is ring tone rap?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
What reactions happen to our body that it is very important not to EAT before surgery? | [
"One of the major dangers in out-patient surgery is that the patient will vomit while unconscious and inhale that vomit into their lungs. This is very dangerous, potentially lethal, and difficult to recover from. By not eating prior to surgery the amount of stomach contents available for vomiting is reduced and the... | [
"Because the body stores fat and will only use it for emergencies, so it doesn't really feel pleasant. Your stomach tightens up, immune system weakens, and other rough shit happens to your body. It's better to just eat less instead of not eat at all."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How come noise cancelling headphones don't increase hearing loss when there is actually more sound being produced around your ears? | [
"That's the whole point of the opposite amplitude, the two waves cancel each other out and the eardrum doesn't move at all as a result. So the additional sounds actually result in less movement of the eardrums, and thus are easier on your ears. People who work in noisy environments (like a data center), even if the... | [
"Not at our current technology levels. Noise-cancelling headphones work by analyzing the noise around you and then emitting the same noise but out of phase in order to cancel out the sound waves. This works when the noise is a constant, predictable pattern as the analyze-and-emit part of the headphones needs a few ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
Why do fighters get "cauliflower" ear? | [
"When your ear is hit you can get pockets of blood that build up and also cartilage can die and blood flow can be cut off. Tissue can grow over itself as well. So basically it's blunt force trauma that damages the ear tissue."
] | [
"There's a theory that the mechanoreceptors (pressure receptors) can overpower the nociceptors (pain receptors) in your skin. Hence the scientific fact that we all want someone to give kissy kissies our boo boos wah wahs."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Biology:"
} |
Why do your muscles and joints ache so bad when you get the flu? | [
"A few reasons. Your immune system uses white blood cells to fight off infections, and to repair your muscle fibers. When you have the flu, the white blood cells that had been repairing muscles are diverted to fighting the flu. So some muscle fibers are not being repaired as usual, so they're sore. & #x200B; More ... | [
"I don't want to alarm you but this was one of the symptoms I had before getting severely ill. Do you get quickly tired ? For example, after running for a bit ? Does your face seem a little fatter than before ? Do you cough without any apparent reason ?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
What stops our stomach acid from coming out of the stomach | [
"You have a butthole on the top and bottom of your stomach that opens to let food and liquids in (top) then closes, and one that pushes the waste out (bottom). Occasionally your body will go \"oops this isnt right\" and release what's in your stomach, which is a mixture of acid and whatever you were digesting (vomi... | [
"Your body would still be digesting the food in your stomach with the stomach acid working its way around the contents to create Chyme. Not a big deal if you're sitting up, because gravity keeps it all down; But if you lie down, it increases the possibility of stomach acid go up your esophagus and burn you. (i.e., ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
How do spot-on flea treatments work? | [
"You put one done on the back of the neck, and it is absorbed through the skin. The animals body then circulates the poison through the animals bloodstream. When fleas bite, the blood/skin itself is toxic for them."
] | [
"There are two basic functions of flea and tick collars. Repelling: One type emits a gas that repels pests. Treating: The other type has medication that seeps into the fat layer on dogs’ skin or active ingredients that spread using the dog's natural skin oils. When the first type is used, a pest must bite the dog f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why is the sky full of stars and other stuff without light pollution, but pictures and videos of astronauts in space show space as just pure black. | [
"Its the same reason why that when you take a picture of a friend close up at night with the flash on, that the entire background is black. there subjects are so bright that the camera doesnt collect enough light from the surrounding stuff so it doesnt show up. Think of it like when you are on a highway at night an... | [
"You can definitely see man made structures from space. On a clear day below you can certainly pick out very large structures unaided. During Earth night anything brightly lit may be visible as well. The reason the ISS is visible to the unaided eye is because it is a highly reflective object on a very dark field. I... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage about Physics:"
} |
How does gasoline itself make a cars engine work? | [
"A jet sprays the dinosaur juice into a chamber in the engine where it **KERPLODES** like **BOOM BOOM BOOM**. Inside that chamber is the top of something called a piston, like a choo choo train has at the front. When the **KABOOM** goes off, it shoves that piston down real fast. The piston is connected to somethi... | [
"It's kind of like asking \"if our cars run on gas, why doesn't filling the entire car with gas make it go faster\". You just need enough fuel, excess doesn't help and may actually hurt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
in today’s internet age, why do car manufacturers still rely on dealers rather than selling cars on their website and cut out the middle man? | [
"When it comes to new cars, the concept of \"direct-to-consumer sales\" is illegal in many US states. Some states are even adding provisions to ban them: This past March, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie signed into law a bill that specifically makes direct-to-consumer car sales illegal."
] | [
"Typically, products straight from the manufacturer are going to be marked up. They do this because they're also selling their products to other vendors. They'd rather the vendors do the actual selling instead of themselves because it creates more market saturation having more sellers. Plus, if something goes wrong... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
how exactly is pi calculated? | [
"The old method that Archimedes used was to find upper and lower bounds based on polygons. You can inscribe, say, a decagon in a circle and calculate its perimeter. Then you can circumscribe a decagon outside a circle and calculate its perimeter. The circle’s circumference falls somewhere in between. You can increa... | [
"I could not find that idiom anywhere so I gotta ask: what do you mean with run hot or cold? Something biological?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why are sperm count in men decreasing? | [
"From _URL_0_: > The analysis did not explore reasons for the decline, but researchers said falling sperm counts have previously been linked to various factors such as exposure to certain chemicals and pesticides, smoking, stress and obesity. > In contrast, no significant decline was seen in South America, Asia a... | [
"Men have testicles, women have ovaries. Normal function is reduced by alcohol consumption, and abnormal function is increased."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
With as many architects as there are, how come most buildings look like nothing out of the ordinary? | [
"The lack of interesting building designs isn't due to a lack of available architects. It mostly comes down to preference and cost. A lot of people don't want a crazy looking building. Homeowners will be concerned with the resale value of their home and a non-standard design could limit the number of people who wo... | [
"Different, but not too different. That's the golden rule. That's why you aren't attracted to trees, for example."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer about biology:"
} |
Why is it so easy to watch several episodes of a show when watching a whole movie often bores people quickly? | [
"TV series are episodic, meaning each episode tends to have a starting point, a mid, then a conclusion all withing a shorter space of time, they also tend to end with cliffhangers to keep people coming back for more. They get to have new developments in every episode as well as more time to develop the longer runni... | [
"What do you mean, you tried but got lost? Do you mean you watched some episodes of the [current] third season of a show and had no idea what was going on or who any of the characters were? Well yeah, obviously, try starting with season 1. Or do you mean you started watching the first few episodes and didn't unders... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can we see black spots sometimes when we push ourselves too far during exercise? | [
"Generally it's due to low blood pressure caused by the blood vessels dilating (becoming more open) so your brain isn't getting enough oxygen."
] | [
"Partly because this helps reduce distractions so your brain can relax more easily and partly because of protection so our eyes don't dry out if we are in deep sleep or accidently brush our had across our face and scratch then when we are in light sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post about Biology:"
} |
How can I purchase a product from China for $2 including shipping, yet to send the the same size package domestically would cost $8? | [
"The Chinese government subsidizes shipping costs to promote manufacturing growth. Also large shippers get drastically cheaper rates than individuals do shipping one-off packages."
] | [
"Yes, the \"shipping and handling\" is usually more expensive than the cost of the item. $19.99 for S & H for an item that cost $2 to make, and the actual cost of the shipping an handling is $8. That's $12 profit on the shipping, Less the cost of the item = $10. Sell 20,000 of those and you've just made $200k."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What exactly is in blood and how come some animals are able to survive without it? | [
"Very, very few complex animals do not have circulation. Flatworms, nematodes, jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals are among the species that do not have a circulatory system and thus do not have blood. Their body cavity has no lining or fluid within it. They obtain nutrients and oxygen directly from the environmen... | [
"The red blood cell does not have a nucleus, which is the part that contains DNA which is required for cloning. These unusual cells are manufactured inside the *bone marrow,* so that's what you need more of if you want to create blood cells."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why can't we engineer or or artificially increase the amount of T-Cells a person has to combat cancer? | [
"We can. And we did. It's called CAR-T cell therapy."
] | [
"In theory, yes. Are we that advanced? I'm not sure but I'm pretty confident we aren't there yet However, instead of altering their genetic code to naturally grow one I do believe we have the power to implant a horn 'seed' of sorts and make one grow that way"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit sentence:"
} |
Why are rainbows shaped like U? Wouldn't the dispersion of light just scatter the colors randomly in an area? | [
"Some other posts here have revealed that the rainbow is part of a complete circle refraction, so you're seeing a portion of that circle."
] | [
"Follow up question: if every band of visible light is combined to form \"white\" light, what about when every band of light (gamma rays to long radio waves) is combined? Like, if you show each of those into a prism at appropriate angles for their wavelength, as opposed to scattering white light out of a prism to f... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query about Physics:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Physics:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Physics:"
} |
When doing body weight exercises like lunges, why does putting my hands on my knee make it easier to stand up? My legs are still lifting my body weight, so I’m confused as to why such a drastic difference. | [
"Leverage. Try holding a heavy object in one hand, like a book. Hold it at the very edge of the object. Now Hold it from directly below the object's center. Holding it closer to the center is easier, right? This is because you are trying to keep it from rotating **and** supporting it's weight. Same principle for ... | [
"If you are carrying on the lower side than you're body is generally in a strong position: hips aligned over feet with most of the weight being passed down and held up by your legs. Carrying on the lower side usually puts you in an awkward position with your hips thrust back and your arms extended, forcing you to u... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does a distant light on a very cold night appear to shimmer or flicker? | [
"Shimmer or flicker in distant lights is actually the same sort of phenomenon which causes mirages or the “heat waves” seen above fires. Light passing between mediums of different refractive indexes are bent, such as when light moves between air and water, and air of a different density has a slightly different ref... | [
"The air is refracting the light somewhat. You can see an example of this during a very hot day when it looks like the air above a hot surface is shimmering."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
why are American competition shows (i.e. American Idol, America's Got Talent, American Ninja Warrior) so full of "sob stories"? | [
"Because it makes viewers have a connection with the character. Or at least some sort of pittance, so they can root for the \"underdog\" to win/succeed. Just drama to get people hooked."
] | [
"The same reason British television tries to adapt American tv shows. For example: In With The Flynn's(Grounded For life), Brighton Belle's(Golden Girls), Love By You(Mad About You), Nobody's Perfect(Maude), Upper Hand(Who's The Boss), Days like These(That 70's Show), Married for Life(Married with Children) and so ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why does sun dried fruit does not rot? | [
"Rotting generally happens because of the actions of microbes. Microbes, particularly the kinds that like fruit, like moist conditions. They are not adapted to surviving in dry conditions, such as those in dried fruit."
] | [
"Baking it dries it out, any water left is tied up with sugars, starches and salts so bacteria can't use it. This is not the case if you fry an egg."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the comment:",
"neg": "Represent the comment:"
} |
How come it can snow when it’s 34 degrees out, but have freezing rain at 30 degrees. | [
"Snow forms up in the clouds where the temperature is generally much lower than the temperature of the ground and air. It might be 34 on the ground but it can be 28 up in the clouds. & #x200B; Freezing ice is when the opposite happens - the air up in the clouds isn't cold enough to cause water to freeze but the te... | [
"For the exact reason that you might expect. You've been cold all winter, and gotten used to zero degree weather. Oh look, it's now 65? Holy shit that's warm! Likewise, it's been 110 all summer. Holy shit, it's 65?? That's so cold!"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
why do eggs sometimes “explode” when you boil them? | [
"A raw egg, is made up of liquid egg yolk and white on the inside and a soft shell protecting its contents. When you boil an egg, the yolk and white solidifies(just like a hard boiled egg). Well, heat causes an object to expand. When the solidified yolk and white on the inside expands, it impinges on the soft outer... | [
"Think about eggs like concrete. Eggs start out liquid, and then when you cook them they become solid. If you make bread without eggs, it crumbles really easy. Same with hamburgers. Often eggs are used to bind the stuff together so it doesn't fall apart while you're eating it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit post:"
} |
How do armed services like CIA and DEA operate in other countries with firearms, and are there foreign operations doing the same in the United States? | [
"The DEA will work in cooperation with the host government. The CIA is normally involved in covert operations and doesn't ask for the host government's permission. If there were foreign spy operations going on in the US you wouldn't know about it since they'd be covert operations."
] | [
"The first one would mean the US is invading Mexico. You can't just take an army and go into another country and blow shit up and kill people. Mexico has their own police that should do that, and they partner with Americans and get support from Americans all the time. Similar thing with the second situation. State... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why is it illegal for women to participate in bullriding and similar rodeo events? | [
"It... isn't? Just take a look at the [Women's Professional Rodeo Association](_URL_0_), formed in 1948, surely you don't think they are all lawbreakers? I'm not sure where you are getting your information but in the US at least bull riding and rodeo are open to both genders."
] | [
"> Why does the international community condemn Japan for shark fin soup, but not Spain for killing bulls for sport incredibly inhumanely? They do, at least as far as I can tell."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
If someone travels to and from another planet, will they age differently than Earth comparatively? | [
"Yes, but unless they're traveling at a significant fraction of the speed of light or going somewhere inside a massive gravitational well, it'll be such a tiny difference that for in every practical sense it's doesn't matter. For example, if an astronaut synchronized 2 clocks and went on a 2 year mission to Mars wh... | [
"If you are traveling at exactly the speed of light, then time does not pass for you. If you travel at the speed of light to another planet, it might take thousands of years from the perspective of someone on Earth, but you would feel like it was instantaneous."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph about Physics:"
} |
how does a propane fridge get cooled by propane | [
"The propane makes a small flame that heats a refrigerant/water mixture, causing the refrigerant to boil out as a gas. That refrigerant cools in the condenser and becomes liquid again. From there the liquid can run through the evaporator. In the evaporator, the refrigerant mixes with hydrogen gas, and as it absorbs... | [
"ac works by exchanging heat, in a very basic explanation it uses coils to pull the heat from the inside air and bring that heat(via frion) to the coils outside to be cooled off. if that part of the unit was inside you wouldn't be doing anything but moving the heat around."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does odour work? Is there any change in the effect when the substance with the said odour comes in contact with a foreign material like water? | [
"Smell is a hard ELI5, it can get into molecular bonding and evaporation, and the receptors that pick up odor molecules and the signals they send. Basically, odors are molecules that have evaporated or became airborne and set of certain receptors in the nose who’s signals formed what you perceive as the smell. Some... | [
"Some metals produce volatile compounds when binding with oils from the human body, such as when they are handled. These can produce a taste or smell (the familiar taste of pennies for instance) even if the metal itself does not have much of either on its own."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
why do people have to brush their teeth to maintain them but animals don't and still have a really good teeth health | [
"Animals with fucked up teeth just die because they can't eat. Ones with fucked up teeth don't usually get to breed so most animals born have like super teeth meant to withstand their simple diets. We have toothbrushes and eat all kinds of different stuff so bad teeth humans still breed and make more fucked up teet... | [
"We technically can survive our entire natural lives with no dental care, if any animal lived as long as we do they wouldn’t have teeth like we do. Plus animals typically don’t eat any acidic, sugary or extremely hard food items that they aren’t adapted to eat Basically if without dental care you can have teeth unt... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Dentistry:",
"pos": "Represent the post about Dentistry:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Dentistry:"
} |
what causes the earth to rotate? | [
"Not the big bang, at least certainly not directly. It is something known as the conservation of angular momentum. Basically when particles clump together they don't join perfectly instead they hit each other off-centre which causes them to rotate this initial rotation is enhanced by each new particle joining. Howe... | [
"a day is how long it takes to spin in one spot. a year is how long it takes to go in a circle around a star if the planet takes longer to spin than it does to circle around its star, then it's day is longer than its year"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
why are CPUs designed to be so small compared to the overall size of a computer? | [
"The CPU size is generaly limited due to data transfer speeds. If the CPU is bigger the data has to travel farther, which takes more time. Chips have been getting faster due to increased transistor density, not over all size."
] | [
"Because they use more power. Your cell phone isn't plugged into a wall and can't draw hundreds of watts, so the instruction set and processor is designed to be ultra power efficient. That comes at the cost of speed. With that in mind, clock rate is a terrible metric of processing power. It meant something ten yea... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
How/Why do effervescent tablets, 'effervesce'? | [
"tablets are made up of an active ingredient- like your ibuprofen which acts as a painkiller, and other \"filler\" ingredients. The fillers are used to bulk up the tablets to a size you can manage, or to make the processing of the tablet easier, or sometimes to amend the way the tablet is absorbed (eg make it long ... | [
"Because it's more expensive to mass-produce hydrophobic(water resistant) clothes."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post about Textile technology:"
} |
How did scientists find out that the universe is 13.7 billion years old | [
"Put very simply; we know the distance between us and some objects in the universe (big and very distant objects like clusters of galaxies), we know how fast they are “moving away” from us because of the expansion of the universe. When you trace those two back, you realize everything had to be “together” approximat... | [
"The universe is expanding in size. Light from those distant objects started traveling long ago and then space expanded in the meantime, so while the light traveled for only 13.7 billion years the objects are now 46.5 billion light years away."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Astronomy:",
"pos": "Represent the comment about Astronomy:",
"neg": "Represent the comment about astronomy:"
} |
What are baby boomers? | [
"Right after WW2, when all the soldiers, sailors, etc got home they...made up for lost time, if ya know what I mean. So over the next couple years or so, there was a huge Boom in the number of babies borne. The baby boomers are around 70 now."
] | [
"What do you want to know about them exactly?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why do two almost neutral components (salt and ice) suddenly start being corrosive when the salt touches the ice? | [
"I think you're referring to people putting both salt and ice on their body, leaving a scar behind. Basically, the salt lowers the melting point of the ice substantially. When the ice starts to melt, it withdraws heat from its surroundings (also from the skin), thus lowering the temperature of the skin and leaving ... | [
"To begin with, let me lay down a few basic things about heat/temperature. Temperature is essentially a measure of how much energy a substance has. The lower the temperature, the lower the energy, and vice versa. Phase changes (going between solid, liquid, and gas) usually have a large energy change associated with... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit answer:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit answer:"
} |
Why do projectors project on white surfaces and not black? | [
"Projections only look faded when the room is not completely dark and there is some other light source bouncing light off the screen, a black screen wouldn't show anything as black doesn't reflect light, hence why it is black."
] | [
"Digital cameras are more sensitive to green, so green screens are best used with them. Otherwise there's no difference, except that you'd prefer to use an uncommon color. For example if your set has many green things you would prefer blue over green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why do animals grow up so much faster than humans? | [
"Humans are incredibly complex things so there has to be a compromise in how developed we are when we're born. Other species are not nearly as complex so they can be born more developed than we are and therefore mature faster. Our brains take a ton of energy, more so than any other organ. So when a child is develo... | [
"Because they have a better chance of not being eaten by birds, most of which sleep at night."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about biology:",
"pos": "Represent the document about biology:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why did old internet modems make all those noises and did they serve any purpose? | [
"[They absolutely have a purpose](_URL_0_). & #x200B; And modems play them back to give you the possibility to find problems in the connection by listening to it: Is the line busy? Did a person (instead of a modem/fax) accidentally pick up at the other end?"
] | [
"The ringtone? You're gonna have to be a little more descriptive. The only thing i can think of would be interference with other devices. My parents computer speakers used to buzz right before the phone rang."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How cheetahs can run so fast? | [
"Lightweight (little fat) Lots of fast twitch muscles (no stamina) Tail balancing out the sprint."
] | [
"Because dogs and cats need super quick reflexes when their prey is inches from their mouth. the whiskers great sense of touch lets them know exactly when to chomp down."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How are major secrets in the entertainment industry (pre-release Marvel movie details, production on Beyonce's surprise album "Lemonade", etc.) kept from getting out and going viral every time? | [
"Non disclosure agreements are pretty much it along with good security. Breaking an NDA can fuck you really badly. Not just financially, but also career wise, it would be very hard to get a job in any field where confidentiality matters if you're known to have broken an NDA before. Basically if you don't want to de... | [
"In this case I believe it is because they have not released the movie to critics so as to avoid leaking plot details. Current rumor is there is some big reveal regarding Luke they don't want to give away in advance."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit argument:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit argument:"
} |
We get Internet from ISP. From where does ISP get Internet and how? | [
"Your ISP likely gets its internet connection from another ISP. That ISP may also get its internet connection from another ISP. ISPs are generally considered Tier 1, 2, or 3. Your ISP is likely what is considered a Tier 3 ISP meaning they focus on providing the last mile to internet users. They then likely connect ... | [
"GPS is operated by the government. WiFi needs a internet provider which needs money to maintain the network."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about Technology:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit comment about Technology:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit comment:"
} |
What's stress? I mean, nowadays it looks like stress is cause for almost everything, but how does stress affect the health? | [
"Stress makes body release stress hormones (fight or flight reaction), like epinephrine (adrenaline), noradrenaline, cortisone etc. They raise your heart rate, blood pressure, blood sugar levels etc, and those things do bad stuff to your blood vessels if prolonged or are happening too often. Body also use more ener... | [
"They don't know yet and they don't yet. They have kind of worked out brain chemicals causing it sometimes and pills to regulate the brain chemistry, but clearly it's not as easy as it sounds and it's different for different people."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title about Health and Wellness:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Health and Wellness:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Did thousands of people die trying 'food' that we now know is poisonous? | [
"Probably. And more than a few avoided food that we know is fine. Many people in Europe in the 1400s thought fruit was slightly poisonous and shouldn't be given to young children. Many people used to think tomatoes were toxic."
] | [
"Made up bullshit. That's what they are. There's nothing else to explain. It's all bullshit. They take substances which make their poop funny and that's apparently the toxins. Or they get massages, etc that cause bruises and the bruises are said to be the toxins coming out of the skin. Or they go on special liquid... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How do insurance companies justify charging more for living in a riskier area then increase your premium when that risk is realized? | [
"Two statistical reasons and one that has little to do with probabilities. If I smoke, I am at higher risk for a costly heart attack. If I actually have the heart attack, I'm at even higher risk for all manner of other costs. You're paying more in the first place to account for the expected value of a crime (the p... | [
"Pricing is based on statistical data gathered for each ZIP code (postal areas). It includes (and I'm sure I'll forget some things) the current value of vehicles involved, the statistics of that specific vehicle being involved in collisions (My Mini was cheaper to insure than my Mazda, even though the mini was a mo... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the paragraph:"
} |
How does a smartphone know the time after being switched on again without internet connection? | [
"There's a small chip somewhere in the phone that keeps running even when the phone is off. It's just a clock, so it used an incredibly tiny amount of power."
] | [
"It's still doing things even if you're not using it .. connecting to cell towers, searching for new towers if the current one is going out of range, searching for WiFi if you have it enabled, downloading updates, etc etc. It has a mind of it's own and does things even if it's just sitting in your pocket."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the passage:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
Why it is important to get more than 6 hours of sleeps? | [
"Because your body and brain are built to work with between 7-9 hours of sleep. See it like how much sustenance your body needs to fuel its engines. Giving them less than that will cause you to perform suboptimally. Think less creativity, reduced logical thinking, slower reflexes, body growth slows down. Oh, and yo... | [
"If you're not tired, and you feel refreshed when you wake up, you are probably OK. Not everyone needs the same amount of sleep."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text about Health:"
} |
how the strong nuclear force works? Why are neutrons needed in the core to keep the protons in place? | [
"As most probably know protons are positively charged and repell eachother. And neutrons have no charge and are therefore not repelled by protons. The strong nuclear force causes particles to attract eachother e.g. protons and neutons regardless of charge. At short distances the strong nuclear force ist stronger th... | [
"> What distinguishes whether a star will becomes a black hole or a neutron star? Mass. A small star will cease fusion and become a white dwarf. One that is large enough to overcome electron degeneracy pressure will become a neutron star. One that is large enough to have its Schwartzschild radius outside itself wi... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the post:",
"neg": "Represent the post:"
} |
If you put air in a jar, would it separate out all the different gasses in layers (steady state) | [
"Air is a mixture of gases. Mostly nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of water, carbon dioxide, and argon. At typical earth temperatures, there's enough energy present to keep these gases more or less perfectly mixed indefinitely. Gas molecules move fast and mix quickly if they're similar in size, and nitrogen... | [
"Nope. Water vapor occupies space between gaseous molecules like carbon dioxide and oxogyen. You could have an area of 100%water vapor if it occupied a space that didn't have any other gasses in it before but if not the gasses would mix almost evenly."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does our own voice sound different when recorded? | [
"You've got it backwards. Your voice sounds different to you, because of sound conduction through your head. Everybody else has always heard the \"recorded voice\" version as your voice."
] | [
"Keep listening to recordings of yourself to desensitize to the way it sounds. You hear a much richer version of your voice as it vibrates bones in the head, but this is how others hear you. Just get used to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Language and Communication:",
"pos": "Represent the document about Language and Communication:",
"neg": "Represent the document about Language and Communication:"
} |
Why do batteries leak that white powdery stuff and how can it be prevented? | [
"Batteries leak when they are over discharged. You can prevent this by changing them when they are below their listed minimum voltage, when they stop working. If you continue to drain them, the electrolyte can expand and force itself past the seal. When it dries, you see that white residue. It's quite corrosive bef... | [
"Here are two extra questions: 1.What would happen if you jammed the door catch and started microwaving with the door open? 2. When I microwave olives (delicious), they sometimes spark, does that mean the seeds have metal in them and should I not be doing this without parental supervision?"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the sentence:",
"neg": "Represent the sentence:"
} |
why do air conditioners need to pull air from the outside while fridges don’t, being that essentially what both do is bring the temperature of the air inside of a room? | [
"A fridge and AC work in the same way: they cool one side and heat another. They both move heat, but actually do not move any air. That is, air is never exchanged between the outside and inside spaces. A fridge cools its internal space and heats your home. If the radiator were not insulated from the inside of the f... | [
"> I'm planning on making a homemade AC. Basically you blow a fan over the ice. That will work in the sense that the melting of the ice will essentially take heat from the ambient room into the ice and melt it, but that'll happen fairly quickly and not actually lower the temperature a great deal. Even if you swapp... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What actually causes stuffy noses? | [
"There are many causes. Your nose is lined by mucous membranes that produces secretion, which is important to give humidity to inhaled air. For instance, have you ever walked out in a cold winter morning and your nose immediately starts to get runny? Dry air causes your skin to dry up which can cause nasal bleeds. ... | [
"What symptoms are you talking about? Many things can cause symptoms similar to a chest cold. Allergies, dry air, dusty environments etc"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument about Medical:"
} |
how come one hand/arm/leg is stronger and easier to use than the other? | [
"The left side of your brain controls the movement of your right hand, and is also responsible for speech and language. This is a trait that humans have developed over time. Since the left side is responsible for communication, the human body has naturally evolved to use the right hand for writing, therefore making... | [
"I don't think this is true for everyone, I can move both sides of my face equally. Maybe you had a stroke! Jokes aside, you probably have more dominant facial muscles, just like you can probably squeeze tighter with one hand than the other. You can look up facial muscle exercises if you want to expand your facial ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post about science:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document about science:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
If we can simulate 3-dimensional objects on a 2-dimensional computer screen, why can’t we simulate what a 4-dimensional object would look like? | [
"_URL_1_ Matt Parker, a stand up mathematician does some very entertaining but very simple, as a former maths teacher, explanations and simulations of 4D space and objects"
] | [
"We feel everything in 3D, our eyes both see 2D images and the brain puts that together to create a 3D image. We smell and hear in 3D. We technically live in a world with more than 3 dimensions, for instance time. However we have very limited control over time so we can't really say we live in a 4D world"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
When in a pc game, how can I tell the sound I hear is from behind with a stereo headset? | [
"While there are some ways your ear/brain can tell a sound is behind you (slightly muffled sound for instance), I don't think games simulate this. More likely, when you are playing a game you are constantly moving the camera, looking around. When you do so, the sound will get louder/appear sooner to one ear or the ... | [
"> I mean whether you put your left earphone on your right ear or vice versa. I still hear the same thing. Not at all. If you have stereo sound on, and a train is coming from left of your screen to the right, the left earphone will play the sound louder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
why does pouring wine a certain way make it taste better ? | [
"It doesn't. All the fancy things about drinking vine are mostly false. There has been study and they gave sommeliers exactly the same vine three times in a row without they knowing and they rated each differently although it was the same. And also they were presented the same vine but once they were told it's some... | [
"Some glasses help create bubbles. Some glasses allow a greater surface volume so the wine can oxidize or breathe. A good wine takes a lot of care to make and the right glass helps not ruin that. However I am guilty of drinking wine out of a plastic glass many a time."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit passage:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit passage:"
} |
Why don’t lakes and reservoirs freeze at 32F or 0C? | [
"Large volumes of water are great at holding heat. Even if the air above is below freezing, the water can hold enough heat to stay at just a few degrees above freezing temp"
] | [
"Water without impurities boils at 100degrees c at sea level"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
Why is "booing" a crowd's way of expressing disapproval? | [
"We had to figure out a way that was harsher than just words, but they won't let us beat the person up and not everyone can afford tomatoes, unfortunately. The boo is a sort of compromise."
] | [
"Whistling is hard. Collective screaming is chaotic. Clapping seems to be the best option for compliments. Or sarcasm if you do it in slo-mo."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the answer:",
"neg": "Represent the answer:"
} |
How come all digital screens use RBG (red, green and blue) pixels to make up images by creating different colours but when mixing paints to make different colours the primary colours are red, yellow and blue? Why is there a difference? | [
"Red, Green, and Blue are the primary colors of light. Light is additive -- no light is black and all light is white. Magenta, Yellow, and Cyan are the primary colors of pigment. Pigment is subtractive - no pigment is white and all pigment is black. This is because pigment absorbs light (subtracts from available li... | [
"Brown isn't a color in its own right. It's a phenomenon of our brain interpreting a certain mix of colors. Edit: brown can be made from mixing any two colors on opposite ends of the color wheel: yellow and purple, blue and orange, red and green."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post about Computer Science:",
"pos": "Represent the passage about Computer Science:",
"neg": "Represent the passage:"
} |
How can massive computer files that contain terabytes of data be compressed to a tiny percentage of their size? | [
"They don't really contain terabytes of data. Each of the files in that zip bomb contains something that compresses really easily, i.e. every character in those files is the same. So after compression such a file would essentially become a tiny zip file that says \"44 294 967 295 'X' characters\". In that way they ... | [
"It is desirable to have compression no matter how much speed you have, since this allows more photos to be sent in less time and stored in less space forever. A popular website may send out the same photo millions of times. It adds up for them. The amount of compression in a JPEG is adjustable, so it doesn't have ... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the query:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
How does a zip file take gigabytes worth of information and compress it down to megabytes? | [
"As it says in the second comment on the thread that prompted you to ask this question: > It's exploiting how compression works. Imagine you had data that was something like this: > 11999999855555555199999019995555555 > You could compress this down by just writing how many of each digit there are: > 21 69 18 85... | [
"Compression takes time and resources. If space is not a problem it is more convenient to simply store the data in an easy to access file format, especially if speed is important. Have you seen those space saver bags that that you put your clothes in and use a vacuum cleaner to suck the air out? They allow you to s... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
why does it seem like cars move in packs? | [
"Slowness Waves. It turns out that it only takes one slow car to generate a traffic pack. They effect even cars in the adjacent lanes, because people don't like to go too fast past another car. Even if the slow car speeds up, the slowness wave (or sometimes called a [Traffic Snake](_URL_0_ )) remains, moving slowly... | [
"yeah and why is it that this never happens for advertisements and they load perfectly"
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title about Automotive industry:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph about Automotive industry:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
How can Minecraft generate a world that can be reproduced down to every exact block based on an 8-16 digit seed number? | [
"The topic you're looking for is \"procedural generation\". It's bit too deep of a topic to explain the details of in an ELI5, but the gist of it is that a seed gets plugged into mathematical equations that spit out all the other numbers required to create complex worlds, yet because it's math, you get the same exa... | [
"Randomness is either \"pseudorandom\" where we take an element of the computer like miliseconds to the next hour, plug that into a function adding, multiplying, dividing, etcing that number. And then use that number as a basis for the randomness requires 65032 (mod 10) + 1 for a random number between 1 and 10. For... | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the title:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why do people (or even do they) but those infomercial collectible coins? like the Morgan silver coins? Are they worth their value or something else I am missing? | [
"I think it's mostly because of the deceptive way the commercials are worded. Those lying motherfuckers at the \"National Collectors Mint\" start out talking about the historic coin. Then they subtly morph into discussing their \"tribute\" to that coin, stressing how many nines are in the grading, \"point nine nine... | [
"They are replicas that are coated in gold (not made of gold), they aren't worth thousands, $10 is probably a lot more than what they are really worth, maybe 25¢."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the text:",
"neg": "Represent the text:"
} |
How does a fridge produce cold? | [
"It removes heat be circulating air over cooling tubes. These tubes are full of refrigerant and draw heat from the circulated air. The sealed compartment prevents the introduction of outside air."
] | [
"No. It's not that the AC is a certain temperature. It uses gas expansion to make air colder."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit post:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
How does debt consolidation work? | [
"Basically, debt consolidation is where a single entity will loan you the amounts owed to pay off your debts via paying them for you, and then you make a single payment monthly to the entity that has paid off your debts. I got one, and it's a lifesaver."
] | [
"Bankruptcy will not protect you from student loan debt."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit text:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit text:"
} |
in FPS shooter games, and it lags to the point you can’t move, how come you can still look around? | [
"Looking around is client-side. Moving is mostly server-side. Typically when you move in an online game, your game sends the request to the server, which verifies your movement is valid and sends back your new location to the client. There's more advanced systems that allow the client to predict your next location... | [
"To make the game more tense. They could easily add pause, but but bring able to gets some people more immersed. Dark Souls did that to me."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the question:",
"pos": "Represent the document:",
"neg": "Represent the document:"
} |
Why does the range of remote controls and car keys increase when you hold them to your head? | [
"Because it increases the line of sight the for the RF signals. Down low in a crowded parking lot the waves are bouncing off of everything. That’s a layman’s terms explanation."
] | [
"There will be a small proximity sensor that when it detects the inside of your ear will start a command to play music, the opposite will happen when you take them out. Someone can correct me if I am wrong but I think that's the answer."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit query:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
Why does it appear lighter longer at night when there’s snow on the ground? | [
"Light from the sky is reflected off of the snow. The light comes from the sun reflecting off of the moon."
] | [
"They have more density due to the water which blocks out the light, causing a shadow on the underside. If you were looking down onto the same cloud it’ll still be white."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit title:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit paragraph:"
} |
Of the various multiple early type humanoids science has discovered, why did only type survive? | [
"All the different branches of hominids going extinct isn’t the right way to think about it. Some branches did die out, but new evidence suggests a lot of mating occurred. It was long thought early man wiped out Neanderthals with war and competition for food. But in the past few decades we’ve learned that the two g... | [
"The actual reason for this phenomenon is roughly understood. One of the leading theories for this behavior is that it imitates their spaceships. The ones they used over 2000 years ago to make contact with the ancient Egyptians and enslaved them to create beautiful statues."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the post:",
"pos": "Represent the argument:",
"neg": "Represent the argument:"
} |
What happens to your body when you are electrocuted? | [
"A few things. Your muscles are normally controlled by electrical signals from your nervous system. External electricity will cause muscles to contract, violently. And that's pretty bad when it happens to your heart and the muscles controlling your lungs. Additionally, high current flow can burn tissue. Burn it ... | [
"Your body is telling you to quit smoking. Listen to it."
] | eli5_question_answer | {
"query": "Represent the Reddit question:",
"pos": "Represent the Reddit document:",
"neg": "Represent the Reddit document:"
} |
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