dataset
string
id
string
question
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choices
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rationale
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answer
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subject
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medmcqa
medmcqa_47910
'Macewan sign' is seen in:
[ "Alcoholic intoxication", "Organophosphorus poisoning", "Barbiturate poisoning", "Dhatura poisoning" ]
A i.e. Alcohol intoxication - Loss of judgment (ie poor judgment), loss of capacity for self criticism and decreased skilled motor movements are seen at 80 to 150 mg% of blood alcoholQ. - Mac Ewan's signQ, Morbid jealousyQ, Micturation syncope & Munich beer hea and alcohol gaze nystagmusare found in alcohol intoxicatio...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48200
Characteristic location of Ewings sarcoma is?
[ "Epiphysis", "Metaphysis", "Diaphysis", "Any of the above" ]
Diaphysis is the characteristic location of Ewings sarcoma.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34293
Study design of choice for finding out Diurnal variation of fat in Expressed breast milk (EBM) for preterm babies
[ "Prospective coho", "Ambispective coho", "Case control", "Cross sectional" ]
Diurnal variation- fat in Expressed Breast Milk- more in the evening as compared to the morning. To perform this study, we only need to take 2-3 samples in 1-2 days in an adequate sample size. Since this study is being performed at a paicular point in time, it is a CROSS SECTIONAL study. - CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY: Done a...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20098
The best method of curtailing the second stage of labour in heart disease is by:
[ "Prophylactic forceps", "Prophylactic ventouse", "Spontaneous delivery with episiotomy", "Caesarean section" ]
Management of heart disease patient in 2nd stage: No maternal pushing and the tendency to delay in the second stage of labor is to be curtailed by forceps or ventouse under pudendal and/or perineal block anesthesia. Ventouse is preferable to forceps as it can be applied without putting the patient in lithotomy position...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52534
A patient with malabsorption who develops a deficiency of vitamin A is most likely to subsequently develop:
[ "Acute leukemia", "Intestinal metaplasia", "Megaloblastic anemia", "Night blindness" ]
The symptoms of vitamin A deficiency result from abnormalities involving the normal functions of vitamin A. These normal functions include maintaining mucus-secreting epithelium, restoring levels of the visual pigment rhodopsin, increasing immunity to infections, and acting as an antioxidant.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46779
What is the material of choice for a fresh furcation perforation of the size of 2 mm?
[ "Geristore", "MTA", "GIC", "Amalgam" ]
Perforation in the furcation area has the poor prognosis. Perforation occurring in mid root and apical part of root does not have communication with oral cavity and thus has good prognosis. Commonly used materials for perforation repair include amalgam, calcium hydroxide, IRM, Super EBA, gutta-percha,MTA, and other mat...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8575
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of allopurinol?
[ "Inhibits the synthesis of uric acid", "Inhibits tubular reabsorption of uric acid", "Anti-inflammatory action", "Increases phagocytosis of urate crystals" ]
Allopurinol (hypoxanthine analog) and recently approved drug, febuxostat (a non-purine drug) decrease the production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is metabolized by the same enzyme to alloxanthine which is a long acting inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. These are indicated as drug of ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51265
Preferred time for cleft lip repair surgery is
[ "5 - 6 months", "6 - 12 months", "12 - 18 months", "12 - 24 months" ]
U/L cleft lip : 5 - 6 months. Bilateral cleft lip : 4 - 5 months.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30440
A patient on cisplatin therapy develops intractable vomiting on the third day of treatment. The agent of choice for controlling this vomiting is :
[ "Aprepitant", "Ondansetron", "Metoclopramide", "Prochlorperazine" ]
Cisplatin-induced vomiting has two phases. EarlyPhase: It occurs within the first 24 hours. 5 HT3 antagonists like ondansetron are the agents of choice for this condition. Delayed Phase: Vomiting occurring after 24 hours is less responsive to ondansetron and other drugs. It is best controlled by substance P antagonist...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18793
A patient with amenorrhea had bleeding after giving a trial of progesterone. This implies:a) Sufficient estrogenb) Sufficient progesteronec) Normal ovarian functiond) Intact endometriume) Intact pituitary axis
[ "ade", "bde", "abd", "ad" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4124
The daily extra colorie requirement is first trimester of pregnancy is
[ "50", "350", "150", "450" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29370
A 45-year-old man with a complaint of ear pain and difficulty hearing is diagnosed with tonsillitis. Otoscopic examination reveals fluid in the middle ear cavity. Hypertrophy of which of the following structures would be most likely to compromise the drainage of the auditory tube?
[ "Lingual tonsil", "Palatine tonsil", "Pharyngeal tonsil", "Superior constrictor muscle" ]
The pharyngeal tonsil is situated in a slit-like space, the pharyngeal recess, in the nasopharynx behind the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube, and a pharyngeal tonsil in this location can lead to blockage of the drainage of the auditory tube. The lingual tonsil is located in the posterior aspect of the tongue,...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47621
Hallucination are
[ "Feeling of familiarity with unfamiliar thing", "Alteration of perception of ones reality", "Misinterpretation of stimuli", "Perception occurring without external stimulation 7" ]
D i.e. Perception occuring without external stimulation
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6433
“3-D” means in hospital waste management is
[ "Destruction, deep burial, drainage", "Discard, disinfection, drainage", "Disinfection, disposal, drainage", "Destruction, deep burial, disposal" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44539
Zinc is not required for: March 2011
[ "Embryonic development", "Coagulation pathway", "DNA synthesis", "Spermatogenesis" ]
Ans. B: Coagulation Pathway Severe maternal zinc deficiency has been associated with congenital malformations or spontaneous aboions Zinc deficiency has been repoed to result in sexual infantilism (zinc is required for proper reproduction) Zinc is required for wound healing. Zinc enhances cell growth and division. Zinc...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38977
Not an experimental study
[ "RCT", "Ecological study", "Pre - post clinical study", "Meta - Analysis" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37042
Not absorbed from the PCT
[ "Na+", "Phosphate", "HCO3-", "H+" ]
PCT is the convoluted poion of the veebrate nephron lying between Bowman&;s capsule and the loop of Henle; functions in the resorption of sugar, sodium and chloride ions, and water.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no; 685
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14867
Because of an inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease) and a small bowel obstruction leading to bowel ischemia, an elderly woman requires bypass of her ileum and jejunum and is scheduled for a gastrocolostomy. The surgeon will ligate all aeries that send branches to the stomach. Which of the following aeries may be...
[ "Splenic aery", "Gastroduodenal aery", "Inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery", "Left gastroepiploic aery" ]
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal aery does not supply the stomach. All the other aeries supply the stomach.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4604
If patient has acute salpingitis and peritonitis, then what is the stage of PID?
[ "Stage 1", "Stage 2", "Stage 3", "Stage 4" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Stage 2Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) implies inflammation of upper genital tract involving the fallopian tubes as well as the ovaries.The spectrum ranges from mild to moderate and severe PID. Depending upon the severity of tubal damage, Gainesville has described five stages of PID :Stage I - Acute...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31515
A severe blow to a permanent anterior tooth, not causing fracture frequently leads to
[ "Permanent looseness", "Immediate pulpal death", "Pulpal death, but only if treatment is delayed too long", "Pulpal death regardless of treatment" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23977
The following drugs are useful in the treatment of isoniazid poisoning :
[ "Pyridoxine", "Diazepam", "Bicarbonate", "All of the above" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20786
Atherosclerosis in the coronary circulation most commonly affects -
[ "Left anterior descending artery", "Left circumflex", "Right coronary", "All of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54384
A patient present for her first antenatal visit after performing a home pregnancy test and gives a last menstrual period of about 8 weeks ago. She says she is not entirely sure of her dates, however because she has a long history of irregular menses. Which of the following is the most accurate way of dating the pregnan...
[ "Determination of uterine size on pelvic examination", "Quantitative serum hCG levels", "Crown rump length on transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasonography", "Determination of progesterone level along with serum hCG level" ]
Dating of pregnancy crown rump length is measured from the top of the head to the bottom of the buttocks excluding limbs CRL between 9 and 11 weeks is the most accurate method of dating CRL in cm + 6.5 gives a rough estimate of gestational age in weeks refer pgno:476 Sheila textbook of obstetrics 2 nd edition
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_45552
Nerves are not involved in -
[ "Tuberculoid leprosy", "Lepromatous leprosy", "Indeterminate leprosy", "Borderline tuberculoid leprosy" ]
indeterminate leprosy - Single skin lesion- ill defined non itchy macule ,hypopigmented or slightly erythematous. Sensation slightly impaired over it. Sweating and hair growth are usually unaffected. Peripheral nerves or feeding nerves are clinically not thickened. Page no.95. Reference IADVL's concise textbook of derm...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54228
What is the most common cause of perinatal moality in twins ?
[ "Single fetal demise", "Twin to twin transfusion syndrome", "Prematurity", "Intra uterine growth restriction" ]
Perinatal moality in multifetal pregnancyis raised mainly because of prematurity. It is extremely high in monoamniotic monozygotic twins due to cord entanglement. Incidence of twins in India - 1 in 80 Increasing incidence of twins in India because of drugs like clomiphene and gonadotrophins Most common lie in twins at ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52889
Supine hypotension is a characteristic feature of:
[ "First trimester of pregnancy", "2nd trimester of pregnancy", "3rd trimester of pregnancy", "Twin pregnancy" ]
Supine Hypotension syndrome: During late pregnancy, the gravid uterus produces a compression effect on the inferior vena cava when the patient is in supine position. This however results in the opening up of the collateral circulation by means of paraveebral and azygos veins. In some cases when collateral circulation f...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_37983
Which of the following is TRUE about "terminal cardiotocogram"?
[ "Baseline oscillation of less than 5 bpm", "Absent accelerations", "Late decelerations with spontaneous uterine contractions", "All of the above" ]
Terminal cardiotocogram" is an abnormal nonstress test pattern that reliably forecast severe fetal jeopardy. It includes: Baseline oscillation of less than 5 bpm Absent accelerations Late decelerations with spontaneous uterine contractions Ref: Cunningham F.G., Leveno K.J., Bloom S.L., Hauth J.C., Rouse D.J., Spong C.Y...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36413
Organisms associated with fish consumption and also causes carcinoma Gallbladder
[ "Gnathostoma", "Anglostrongyloidosis cantonensis", "Clonorchis sinensis", "H.dimunata" ]
Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchis sinensis is a liver fluke, acquired by Ingestion of raw or inadequate cooked freshwater fishes In human body, it lives within bile ducts and causes Inflammatory reaction leading to cholangiohepatitis and biliary obstruction. It is well known risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma It is a rare...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44834
All are seen in stage 3 Trachoma except
[ "Tarsal epitheliofibrosis", "Herbe pits", "Disappearance of Bowman's membrane", "Trichiasis" ]
Stage 3 is scarring stage characterized by Tarsal epitheliofibrosis Herbe pits Disaaperance of Bowman's membrane Refer: Khurana 6th edition page number 65
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9322
Lower motor neuron signs are all EXCEPT:
[ "Normal reflexes", "Flaccid type of paralysis", "Fasciculations", "Wastage of muscle" ]
(Normal reflexes): Ref: 134-H, 685- SL (148-H17th) (862-CMDT-09)SignUpper motor neuronLower motor neuron* Muscle atrophy* Fasciculations* Tone* Distribution of weakness* Tendon reflexes* Babinski's sign* Superficial reflexes* Clonus* Electrical activity* Muscle affected* Fascicular twitch in EMGNoneNoneSpastic (hyperto...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_39992
Clay Shoveller's fracture involves
[ "Spinous process", "Lamina", "Pedicle", "Body" ]
Clay shoveller's fracture' is an avulsion of the spinous process of C6, C7 or T1 caused either by rotation of the upper trunk when the cervical spine is relatively fixed or, less commonly, as the result of a direct blow. Ref: Internet sources - Wikipedia src=" alt="" width="200" height="200" />
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23145
Cholecystocaval line separates:
[ "Right & Left liver lobe", "Liver with Gall Bladder", "Right Lobe of Liver with Gall Bladder", "Left Lobe of Liver with Gall Bladder" ]
Functional lobes and segments of the liver The functional right and left lobes of the liver are separated by an imaginary plane passing along the floor of fossa for gall bladder and the groove for inferior vena cava (cholecysto-caval line). On the anterosuperior surface of the liver the plane passes little right to the...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31252
Which neck swelling moves on swallowing
[ "Submandibular salivary gland", "Thyroid gland", "Supraclavicular lymph gland", "Sternomastoid tumour" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thyroid gland
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53199
Urgent reversal of warfarin induced bleeding can be done by the administration of
[ "Cryoprecipitate", "Platelet concentrates", "Fresh frozen plasma", "Packed red blood cells" ]
Fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors . Hence given immediately in warfarin induced bleeding. From essential of medical pharmacology K D Tripati 7th edition Page no 620
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24799
Which one of the following drugs is used for fetal therapy of congenital adrenal hyperplasia?
[ "Hydrocortisone", "Prednisolone", "Fludrocortisone", "Dexamethasone" ]
Recommendations for pregnancy at risk consists of administration of dexamethasome a steroid that readily crosses the placenta'
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48022
FESS means -
[ "Factual endoscopic sinus surgery", "Functional endonasal sinus surgery", "Factual endonasal sinus surgery", "Functional endoscopic sinus surgery" ]
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) FESS is a minimally invasive technique in which sinus air cells and sinus ostia are opened under direct vision. It is called functional because it aims to return the working of the sinus to normal. FESS is based on the hypothesis that the osteomeatal complex (maxillary sinus ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_27221
Delayed prolonged leakage following tissue injury is due to:
[ "Cytokine mediated vasodilation", "Histamine", "Endothelial retraction", "Direct effect of the injuring agent" ]
Delayed prolonged leakage is believed to be caused either by the direct effect of injurious agent or by cytokine mediated endothelial retraction. It is not caused by cytokine mediated vasodilatation and cytokine mediated endothelial retraction is not provided in the options. Direct effect of injuring agent is therefore...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51982
Herpes zoster infection can lead to
[ "Frontal lobe infarction", "Parietal lobe infarction", "Temporal lobe infarction", "Occipital neuralgia" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Occipital neuralgia Herpes simplex infection has a prediliction for the involvement of Temporal lobe. The lesions in HSV encephalitis are intense hemorrhagic necrosis of the inferior and medial temporal lobe and the mediorbital pa of frontal lobes. The temporal lobe lesions are usually b/L but not sym...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12948
The process which occurs over cytidine residuces and often results in gene inactivation is
[ "Gene rearrangement", "Pseudogene formation", "Histone acetylation", "DNA Methylation" ]
Mnemonic: DNA Methylation mates the DNA Mute. Refer the byte " Post transcriptional modification"
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53772
Osteochondritis of the epiphysis of the head of the femur is
[ "Panner's disease", "Kienbock's disease", "Pehes' disease", "Osgood Shlatter's disease" ]
Pehes&; disease, the osteochondritis of the epiphysis of the head of the femur is the commonest osteochondritis.Maheswari 5e pg: 318
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_33707
What is true statement of the following?
[ "Synaptic transmission is unidirectional", "Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system", "GABA and glycine are the major inhibitory neurotransmitters", "All of above" ]
synaptic transmission is always a unidirectional flow.Glutamate is considered as an excitaroty neurotrasmitter and GABA and glycine inhibitory. Ref: KD Tripathi 8th ed, central nervous system.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54667
Which of the following is not administered by intradermal route
[ "BCG", "Insulin", "Mantoux", "Drug sensitivity injection" ]
Refer KDT 6/e p259 Insulin is admistered by s,.c route Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3103
For chest X–ray best view is –
[ "P.A. view", "A.P. view", "Lateral view", "None" ]
"The best view of the chest is the postero-anterior view with the patient standing and lung fully expanded".
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50596
ESI act was Made in –
[ "1946", "1948", "1952", "1954" ]
The Employees State Insurance (ESI) Act The ESI act passed in 1948 (amended in 1975, 1984 and 1989) is an important measure of social security and health insurance in this country. It provides for certain cash and medical benefits to industrial employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury. With effec...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28370
Hepatic encephalopathy is aggravated by all except?
[ "Hyperkalemia", "Anemia", "Hypothyroidism", "Barbiturates" ]
Hypokalemia is seen with overzealous use of diuretics and this will lead to dehydration and increased hepatic encephalopathy. Anemia associated with Gl bleeding worsens hepatic encephalopathy Constipation in hypothyroidism will worsen hepatic encephalopathy by increasing bacterial load. Drugs like barbiturates and anti...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9667
FLT3-TKD gene is located at?
[ "13q12", "11q23", "11p13", "4q24" ]
FLT3-TKD- present in approx. 30% of cases of AML. It is located on long arm of Chromosome 13. AML: Good prognosis t (15;17) t (8;21) inv 16 Poor prognosis t (6;9) inv 3 7 deletion
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1410
Which of the following is the most potent 2nd generation antihistamine?
[ "Astemizole", "Desloratadine", "Promethozine", "Fexofenadine" ]
Desloratidine, metabolite of loratadine is the most potent 2nd generation antihistamine.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24337
Muscle not having dual nerve supply
[ "Digastric", "Thyrohyoid", "Trapezius", "Adductor magnus" ]
Anterior belly of digastric is supplied by the trigeminal nerve and posterior belly by facial nerve Spinal accesory nerve and c3,c4 nerves supply Trapezius Ischial pa of sciatic nerve and the obturator nerve supply adductor magnus Ref: Gray's 39e/p112-127
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_23884
Epiphora and lagophthalmos following VII nerve injury is due to
[ "Failure of lacrimal pump", "Increased lacrimal secretion", "Nasolacrimal duct obstruction", "None of the above" ]
(Refer: AK Khurana Comprehensive Ophthalmology, 6th edition, pg no. 390) *Symptomatic epiphora following facial paralysis is most often associated with one or more of the following: Impairment of eyelid closure A compromised lacrimal pump Lower lid laxity True epiphora is secondary to either an anatomical obstruction o...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24830
Broca's area situated in
[ "Superior temporal gyrus", "Inferior temporal gyrus", "Superior temporal gyrus", "Inferior frontal gyrus" ]
Broca's motor speech area or area 44and 45 is a special region of premotor coex situated in the inferior frontal gyrus. This area is present, especially in dominated hemisphere (left hemisphere in right-handed person). Broca's area is concerned with the movements of those structures, which are responsible for the produ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50110
Cardiac output depends on all of the following except: September 2005
[ "Cardiac rate", "Body surface area", "Stroke volume", "Cardiac contractility" ]
Ans. B: Body surface area Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume x Hea Rate Normal SV is 70 mL and hence in a supine, resting man CO is 5.0 L/ min. (70 mLX 72 beats/min.) Cardiac Index (CI) = CO/ Body Surface Area (BSA) = SV x HR/BSA CI averages 3.2L
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46391
EITor vibrio may be differentiated from classical vibrio by fact that EITor vibrio -
[ "Agglutinate chicken and sheep erythrocytess", "Resistant to classical phage IV", "Resistant to polymyxin B-5 unit disc", "All of the above" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above El Tor vibrio o It is much hardier than classical vibrios, capable of surviving in the environment much longer. o The severity of illness is much less, with a large propoion of mild and asymptomatic infections. o Moality is low and the carrier rate is high. o Fewer secondary cases in ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43537
Under passive surveillance for tuberculosis, indication for sputum microscopy cough is for weeks or more
[ "8 weeks", "4 weeks", "6 weeks", "3 weeks" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22537
A healthy 36-year-old corporate executive has an ECG performed as part of annual health check-up. He is asymptomatic. ECG shows?
[ "Early repolarization variant", "ST segment depression in chest leads", "Delta wave", "J wave" ]
Ans. (a) Early repolarization variant.There is sinus rhythm at 60 beats/min, normal axis and intervals, and no evidence of chamber enlargement. There is ST-segment elevation most prominent in the precordial leads V4 through V6 with a "notched" J-point. The differential diagnosis of ST-segment elevation includes ischemi...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49988
Which of the following prostaglandin analogue is used for treatment of primary open angle glaucoma?
[ "PG12", "PG D2", "PGE2", "PG F2alpha" ]
DRUG ANALOGUE OF USE AND ROUTE Misoprostol PGE1 Aboion (oral) NSAID induced ulcer (oral) Cervical ripening (intravaginal) Alprostadil PGE1 Impotence (intrapenile) To maintain patency of ductus aeriosus (i.v.) Dinoprostone PGE2 Induction of labour (intravaginal) Carboprost PGF2a Post paum hemorrhage (i.m.) Dinoprost PGF...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29739
The triad of diveiculosis, gall stones and hiatus hernia is termed as:
[ "Beck's triad", "Saint's triad", "Whipple's triad", "Murphy's triad" ]
Saint's Triad Diveiculosis Gail stones Hiatus hernia Whipple's Triad Seen in insulinoma ( most common functioning tumor of the endocrine pancreas). Fasting-induced neuroglyopenic symptoms of hypoglycemia (diaphoresis, shaking, mental confusion, obtundation and seizures). Low blood glucose levels (40 to 50 mg/dl). Relie...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53002
Papilloedema is characterised by all EXCEPT
[ "Sudden loss of vision", "Blurred vision", "Hyperaemic disc", "Venous engorgement marked" ]
(Sudden loss of vision) (301- Khurana 4th)Differentiating features of Papilloedema, Papillitis and PseudopapillitisFeaturesPapilloedemaPapillitisPseudopapillitis1. LaterallyUsually bilateralU/L or B/LMay be U/L2. Symptoms (i) visual acquityTransient attacks of blurred vision** Later vision decreases due to optic atroph...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44030
A patient of depression is getting chlorpromazine, but his auditory hallucination are not controlled. The next drug is given
[ "Haloperidol", "Clozapine", "Suipride", "Tianeptin" ]
B i.e. Clozapine Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug with least extrapyramidal side effectsQ, i.e. it has least chances of producing muscular dystonia, akathisia, malignant neuroleptic syndrome, & tardive dyskinesiaQ. The patient who has depression & auditory hallucinations & is being treated with CPZ i.e. the patient i...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3025
The length of the fallopian tube is:
[ "8 - 10 cm", "10 - 12 cm", "15 - 18 cm", "18 - 20 cm" ]
Important Facts about Fallopian Tube: Length = 4 inches or 10-12 cm. Parts are : Interstitium (Intramural): 1.8 cm long and 1 mm diameter (narrowest partQ). It has no longitudinal muscles, only circular muscles are present.Q Isthmus: 3.5 cm long and 2 mm in diameter.Q (Second narrowest partQ). Ampulla: widestQ and lon...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52141
The following is usually the first sign of puberty in girls –
[ "Onset of menstruation", "Appearance of pubic hair", "Change in voice", "Increase in breast size" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6163
Most impoant hormone for gallbladder contraction to release bile
[ "Secretion", "CCK", "VIP", "Gastrin" ]
This peptide hormone induces gallbladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut. Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition page number:421,422,423
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5725
Plasma half life of insulin is:March 2013
[ "1 minute", "10 minutes", "1 hour", "2 hours" ]
Ans. B i.e. 10 minutesDegradation of insulinOnce an insulin molecule has docked onto the receptor and effected its action, it may be released back into the extracellular environment, or it may be degraded by the cell.The two primary sites for insulin clearance are the liver and the kidney.The liver clears most insulin ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16446
A 59-year-old woman has discomfort in the posterior part of her tongue. A biopsy confirms that the lesion is a carcinoma. What is true in carcinoma of the posterior third of the tongue?
[ "Lymphoid tissue is absent.", "Lymph gland spread is often encountered.", "There is an excellent prognosis.", "The tissue is well differentiated." ]
Carcinoma of the posterior third of the tongue is often detected late and carries a worse prognosis. Posterior-third tongue tumors are also called lymphoepitheliomas. These lesions can be poorly differentiated.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4744
Which nerve passes over the neck of fibula?
[ "Common peroneal nerve", "Sural nerve", "Saphanous nerve", "Sciatic nerve" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Common peroneal nerve * Common peroneal nerve winds around neck of fibula to enter peroneus longus muscle. Because of its subcutaneous position it can be easily palpated here and is very prone to injury. So fracture neck of fibula may cause foot drop.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29480
Hearing loss of 65dB, what is the grade of deafness-
[ "Mild", "Moderate", "Severe", "Moderately severe" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Moderately severe o WHO recommended the following classification on the basis of pure tone audiogram.Hearing threshold in better ear (average of 500,1000,2000Hz)Degree of impairment (WHO classification)Ability to understand speech0-25Not significantNo significant difficulty with faint speech2640MildDi...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8094
Stapedius muscle is upplied by …..Nerve
[ "Facial", "Vagus", "Glossopharyngeal", "Trochlear" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26275
NK cells express -
[ "CD 15,CD55", "CD16,CD56", "CD 16,CD 57", "CD21 CD 66" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e., CD16, CD56 Null cells (Large granular lymphocytes)o Null cells are called so because they lack features of surface markers of both B and T lymphocytes,o The account for 5 to 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.o They are also called "'largegranular lymphocytes (LGL) " as they contain large azurophilic...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6121
Full dispersion is seen in which of the following
[ "Full chocked", "Half chocked", "Unchocked", "All of the above" ]
Choking Reduction of diameter at the muzzle end of the barrel of a shotgun is called choking Choking reduces the dispersion of pellets and holds the pellets together for a longer distance. Choking is done by adjustable and replaceable extensions. Barrel may choke bore or non-choke bore Choke-bore means the diameter of ...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_5946
The nerve impulse which leads to initiation of muscle contraction ?
[ "Causes opening of the calcium channels which leads to increase in calcium ion concentration with use of sarcomere", "Causes both the plasma membrane and the T tubules to undergo hyperpolarization", "Inhibits Sodium entry in sarcomere", "Is inhibited by binding of acetylcholine to receptors in the sarcoplasmi...
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35090
H pylori is associated with of the following except?
[ "Increased risk of peptic ulcer disease", "Increased risk of gastric lymphoma", "Increased risk of antral gastric carcinoma", "Increased risk of adenocarcinoma of esophagus" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Increased risk of adenocarcinoma of esophagus Diseases associated with H. Pylori infection Duodenal ulcer Gastric ulcer Chronic superficial gastritis Chronic atrophic gastritis Gastric adenocarcinoma Lymphoproliferative disease (MALT) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46356
All are B cell lymphomas except -
[ "Burkitt's lymphoma", "Mycosis fungoides", "Mantle cell lymphoma", "Follicular cell lymphoma" ]
Mycosis fungoides is a slowly evolving cutaneous T cell lymphoma occuring in middle aged adult males. Burkitt lymphoma is a mature B cell malignancy Mantle cell lymphoma arise from the B cells of mantle zone of normal lymphoid follicle . Reference : Harsh Mohan textbook of pathology, 7th edition.Pg no.348,356,357,358,3...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30904
Gold standard investigation for chronic pancreatitis
[ "MRI", "ERCP", "Pancreatic function tests", "Faecal fat estimation" ]
ERCP(Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is the most accurate way of elucidating the anatomy of duct and, in conjunction with the whole organ morphology, can help to determine the type of operation required. Reference : Bailey & Love, 27th Edition, page no = 1231
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_41903
Example of slow speed rotary stainless steel instruments:
[ "GG drill and Peeso reamer", "Nickel-titanium rotary instruments", "Reciprocating handpiece", "Vertical stroke handpiece" ]
Rotary Endodontic instrument used with a Handpiece  They can be further subdivided into: Slow-speed rotary stainless steel instruments  eg. Gates gliden drill, peeso reamer Nickel-titanium rotary instrument. Textbook of Endodontics Nisha GARG 3rd ED
A
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medmcqa
medmcqa_50998
All of the following indicate Fetal distress except:
[ "Thick (pea-soup) meconium", "Fetal hea rate 100/minute", "Loss of beat-to-beat variation", "Fetal skull blood pH>7.32" ]
Fetal skull blood pH>7.32
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_18223
A neonate following BCG vaccination developed a side effect. Which of the following side effect would the neonate most likely develop after vaccination?
[ "Fever", "Ulceration", "Osteomyelitis", "Regional lymphadenitis" ]
Ulceration is the most common side effect post BCG vaccination. Following vaccination, the local tissue response begins in 2-3 weeks, with scar formation and healing within 3 months. Side effects most commonly are ulceration at the vaccination site and regional lymphadenitis. Some vaccine strains also rarely cause oste...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_46966
All are true regarding epigenetics mechanism except:
[ "Non-heritable", "Acetylation of Histone", "Hereditary", "Methylation of DNA" ]
Ans. (A) Non-heritableEpigenetics is defined as the study of heritable chemical modification of DNA or chromatin that does not alter the DNA sequence itself. Example of such modification include methylation of DNA & the methylation er acetylation of histones.Epigenetic modification is critical for normal development in...
A
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medmcqa
medmcqa_52420
Ketamine is useful as an anesthetic agent in -
[ "Ischemic heart disease", "Intracranial hemorrhage", "Hyperactive airways", "Glaucoma" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Hyperactive airways o Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator and relieves bronchospasm - Intravenous anaesthetic agent of choice in asthmatico Ketamine increases ICT, IOP and cardiac oxygen demand, therefore contraindicated in other three conditions.o Note - Inhalation anaesthetic agent of choice in asth...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_51679
Skin cancer which can occur due to exposure to light is -
[ "Melanoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma", "Kaposis sarcoma", "None" ]
Exposure to sunlight (UV rays) is the most significant predisposing factor for. Basal cell carcinoma of skin. Squamous cell carcinoma of skin.
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_16051
UV radiation has which of the following effects on the cells
[ "UV radiation has which of the following effects on the cells", "Stimulates formation of pyrimidine dimers", "Prevents formation of purine dimers", "All of the above" ]
Direct quote from Robbins.. “The carcinogenicity of UV-B light is attributed to its formation of pyrimidine dimers in DNA”. This type of DNA damage is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway. The importance of the nucleotide excision repair pathway of DNA repair is illustrated by the high frequency of cancer...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46536
Black gun powder composition ?
[ "Charcoal 60% + Potassium nitrate 20% + sulphur 20%", "Charcoal 25% + Potassium nitrate 70% + sulphur 05%", "Charcoal 15%+ Potassium nitrate 75% + sulphur 10%", "Charcoal 65% + Potassium nitrate 20% + sulphur 15%" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Charcoal 15% + Potassium nitrate 75% + sulphur 10% The classical gun powder is known as black powder, consists of charcol (15%), Sulphur (10%), and potassium nitrate (75%). Depending on fineness, the black gun powder is designated as FG, FFG, FFFG. etc. (F = fineness). Pyrodex is another gun powder wi...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_3754
Contrast material used in the diagnosis of esophageal atresia is:
[ "Barium swallow", "Gastrograffin", "Conray", "Dianosil" ]
Ans. Dianosil
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54432
A feature of Renal vasculitis in children is -
[ "IgA raised", "Antinuclear antibody in serum", "Low complement level", "Cytoplasmic antinuclear Ab in serum" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48450
The compiication that can occur with internal podalic version for transverse lie:
[ "Uterine rupture", "Uterine atony", "Cervical laceration", "Vaginal alceration" ]
Complications of internal podalic version rupture uterus if done without adequate liquor and in obstructed labour Anaesthetic risks Atonic postpaum haemorrhage due to the use of uterine relaxants like halothane Bih asphyxia and bih trauma (refer pgno:453 Sheila textbook of obstetrics 2 nd edition)
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_4319
A 50-YEAR-old male presented with blurring of vision. Urine examination showed proteinuria. fundus examination showed dot n blot hemorrhages, microaneurysm and cotton wool spots. Histopath is given below. What is the most probable diagnosis?
[ "Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions", "Crescents", "Amyloid", "Segmental sclerosis" ]
Ans. A. Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesionsa. The given history is suggestive of diabetic retinopathy (dot n blot hemorrhages, microaneurysm and cotton wool spots) along with lesion in the kidney (proteinuria)b. Three lesions are encountered: (1) glomerular lesions; (2) Renal vascular lesions, principally arteriolosclerosis and...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24153
An anganwadi worker is trained for-
[ "3 months", "4 months", "5 months", "6 months" ]
Ans. is 'b' i.e.. 4 months
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_14496
A study to evaluate the relationship between smoking exposures taken during PNC visit and the child bih weight after delivery. This type of study is-
[ "Case control", "Prospective coho", "Cross sectional", "Clinical trial" ]
.a prospective coho study is one in which the outcome has not yet occurred at the time when investigation began.begin in the present and continue into the future.examples of this type of study,includes Framingham&;s hea study, DOLL AND HILLS prospective study on smoking and lung cancer. study of oral contraceptives and...
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_3213
Duret's hemorrhages are seen in which of the following organ?
[ "Left Lungs", "Liver", "Spleen", "Brainstem" ]
Duret hemorrhages are seen in subjects who have suffered brain herniation for several hours before death usually at least 12 - 24 hours, and are attributed to the stretching of and tearing of midline veins as the brainstem is progressively elongated under the force of the herniating cerebrum. Duret hemorrhage is the mo...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44454
Features of alcohol withdrawal are all except-
[ "Epileptic seizure", "Restlessness", "Hypersomnolence", "Hallucination" ]
Insomnia occurs (not hypersomnolence).
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_963
Local anesthetics depress transmission first in
[ "Group A alpha-fibers", "Group A bita-fibers", "Group B fibers", "Group C fibers" ]
Local anesthetics depress transmission in the group C fibre before they affect group A touch fibres. Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology;25th edition; pg: 95.
D
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medmcqa
medmcqa_4879
Toxic megacolon is seen in:
[ "Carcinoma colon", "Gastrocolic fistula", "Ulcerative colitis", "Amoebic colitis" ]
Toxic Megacolon Toxic megacolon is a serious life-threatening condition that can occur in patients with ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis, and infectious colitides such as pseudomembranous colitis This decompensation results in a necrotic thin-walled bowel in which pneumatosis can often be seen radiographically Total...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17913
Down's syndrome is due to:
[ "5/12 translocation", "18 trisomy", "21trisomy", "14/21 trisomy" ]
Ans: c (21 trisomy)Ref: Nelson Pediatrics, 19th ed., Pg. 384Trisomy 21, Down's syndrome seen in 1/600-800 births. Please note the clinical features which are often asked Hypotonia Dysplasia of the pelvis Flat face, cardiac malformations Speckled irises Simian crease (Brushfield spots) Varying degrees of mental Short, b...
C
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medmcqa
medmcqa_3176
A critical factor in the regulation of craniofacial development
[ "Sonic hedgehog (SHH)", "Fibroblast Growth factor (FGFz)", "Wingless Drosophila melanogaster segment — Polarity gene (Wnt)", "Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP)" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28094
Naltrexone is used in opioid dependence to:
[ "Prevent respiratory depression", "Treat withdrawal symptoms", "Prevent relapse", "Treatment of opioid overdose" ]
Naltrexone a long acting opioid antagonist competitively block the opioid receptor and blocks the effects of opioids. Regular dosing of naltrexone prevents patients from experiencing the effect of opioids thereby preventing relapse. Opioid antagonists are used in the treatment of opioid dependence in 3 ways: To reverse...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52220
Early exfoliation of deciduous teeth is seen in
[ "Papillon lefevre syndrome", "Peter-Kelly syndrome", "Pierre robin syndrome", "None of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48994
All except one is true regarding hyoid bone
[ "Hyoid bone lies at level of 3rd cervical vertebra", "It develops from 3rd and 4rd branchial arches", "Fracture of hyoid bone strongly suggest strangulation", "Lesser cornea provides attachment to stylohyoid ligament" ]
Hyoid bone develops from 2nd and 3rd branchial arches.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13555
Prosopagnosia is-
[ "Inability to recognise faces", "Inability to know time", "Inability to recognise places", "None of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_47053
The resting membrane potential of a cell is due to permeability of
[ "K+", "Na+", "Ca++", "Cl-" ]
K+ permeability is greater than Na+ permeability, therefore, K+channels maintain the RMP.(Ref: Textbook of physiology AK Jain 5th edition page no.35)
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5636
Estrogen receptor studies in carcinoma breast is done on-
[ "Blood", "Urine", "Tumour tissue", "Ovary" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_233
Which MRI sequence is used to detect brain edema?
[ "T1WI", "FLAIR", "SWI", "DWI" ]
FLAIR stands for Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery Sequence This sequence is similar to T2 with suppression of CSF/Fluid signal so the Brain Edema can be seen better. Figure: FLAIR image showing edema in bilateral occipital lobe in a case of PRES(posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome).
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_42451
Metastatic calcification is most often seen in:
[ "Lymph nodes", "Lungs", "Spleen", "Liver" ]
Lungs
B
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