dataset
string
id
string
question
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subject
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medmcqa
medmcqa_368
All are true about the newer preparations of 5-ASA to treat inflammatory bowel disease, EXCEPT:
[ "Asacol is an enteric-coated form of mesalamine", "Pentasa uses ethylcellulose coating to allow water absorption", "5-ASA agents act within 1 week", "A once-a-day formulation of mesalamine [Multi-Matrix System is designed to release mesalamine in the colon" ]
Asacol is an enteric coated form of mesalamine. The disintegration of Asacol is variable, with complete breakup of the tablet occurring in many different pas of the gut ranging from the small intestine to the splenic flexure; it has increased gastric residence when taken with a meal. Also know: Pentasa is another mesal...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24857
A simple bacterial test for mutagenic carcinogens is -a) Ames testb) Redox testc) Bacteriophaged) Gene splicing
[ "ab", "a", "ad", "bc" ]
'Ames test is a simple test developed by Bruce Ames that measures the potential of a given chemical compound to promote mutations in a specialized bacterial strain (mutagenic carcinogenesis)'- Lehninger 4th/e p. 967
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17096
The transition from G2 to M phase is controlled by
[ "Rb gene product", "P53 protein", "Cyclin E", "Cyclin B" ]
The cell cycle is regulated by activators and inhibitors. Cell cycle progression is driven by proteins called cyclins. cyclin D-CDK4, cyclin D-CDK6, and cyclin E-CDK2 regulate the G1-to-S transition by phosphorylating the Rb protein (pRb). Cyclin A-CDK2 and cyclin A-CDK1 are active in the S phase. Cyclin B-CDK1 is esse...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20827
Etanercept used in rheumatoid arthritis act by -
[ "TNF alpha", "TFG beta", "IL-2", "IL-6" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13848
Sensory neuropathy is caused by all except-
[ "Lead", "Pyridoxine", "Cisplatin", "Paraneoplastic" ]
Harrison's principles of internal medicine * In case of lead ( ninpharmaceutucal toxins) motor involvement and CNS involvement is greater Ref Harrison20th edition pg 2345
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41856
HPV associated with Adenocarcinoma of cervix :
[ "Type 6", "Type 18", "Type 11", "Type 42" ]
HPV High oncogenic risk: Types 16,18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 56 Low oncogenic risk: Types 6,11, 42, 43 Ref: D.C.DUTTA&;S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY; 6th edition; Pg no:323
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41288
All are true regarding bleaching powder, except -
[ "Contains about 33% of available chlorine", "It is stable compound", "White amorphous compound", "Strong bleaching agent" ]
Bleaching powder (Chlorinated lime) CaOCl2 It is a white amorphous powder with a pungent smell which contains 33% of available chlorine. It is an UNSTABLE compound. It can be stabilised by mixing with an excess of lime. It should be stored in dark, cool and dry place in a closed container that is resistant to corrosion...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24643
Decreased T cell immunity is a feature of -
[ "Digeorge syndrome", "Hyper lgM syndrome", "Severe congenital neutropenia", "Chronic granulomatous diseas" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Di George syndrome Classification of Primary Immune Deficiency DiseasesDeficiencies of the Innate Immune Systemo Phagocytic cells# Impaired production severe congenital neutropenia (SCN)# Asplenia# Impaired adhesion leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)# Impaired killing; chronic granulomatous disease (...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43562
The stain used for demonstrating Auer rods in blasts is -
[ "Periodic Acid Schiff(PAS", "Myeloperoxidase", "Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase", "Non-specific esterase" ]
The cytochemical stain, Myeloperoxidase is positive in immature myeloid cells containing granules and Auer rods Reference textbook of Pathology 7th edition author Harsha Mohan page number 342
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35268
Which among the following is NOT a neuromuscular blocking agent?
[ "Neostigmine", "Pipecuronium", "Gantacurium", "d-TC" ]
d-Tubocurarine (d-TC), pipecuronium, and gantacurium are neuromuscular blocking agents. Neostigmine is a cholinesterase inhibitor which inactivate acetylcholinesterase by reversibly binding to the enzyme. The stability of the bond influences the duration of action. Neostigmine is used to treat myasthenia gravis, urinar...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9511
Red infarct is seen in?
[ "Small intestine", "Kidney", "Spleen", "Heart" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Small intestine * Infarcts are of two types:-a) Red infarcts (haemorrhagic infarcts) :- It has well defined hemorrhagic red margins which later becomes brown. It occurs in ovary (venous occlusion due to torsion), lung (loose tissue) and small intestine.b) Pale infarct/white infarct (anemic infarct):- ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_321
The best results in treatment of capillary nevus have been achieved by -
[ "Full thickness skin graft", "Dermabrasion", "Tatooing", "Argon laser treatment" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20735
Characteristic feature of carcinoma fallopian tube :
[ "Watery discharge P/N", "Hemorrhage", "Pain", "Sepsis" ]
Ans. is a i.e. Watery discharge PN Fallopian Tube Carcinoma accounts for 0.3% of all cancers of female genital tract. *Most common site is the ampulla of the tube Most common type is adenocarcinoma. The fallopian tube is frequently involved in secondary to carcinoma of ovary, endometrium, gastrointestinal tract, breast...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_6722
Initiator in developer solution is
[ "Acetic acid", "Sodium thiosulphate", "Hydroquinone", "Potassium bromide" ]
Developer converts exposed silver halide crystals into metallic silver grains. Two developing agents, usually phenidone and hydroquinone, are used in dental radiology. White and Pharoah, pg-69
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32885
A patient presents with bilateral proptosis, heat intolerance and palpitations. Most unlikely diagnosis here would be
[ "Hashismoto's thyropidittis", "Thyroid adenoma", "Diffuse thyroid goitre", "Reidel,s thyroiditis" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1262
A 48 year old woman was admitted with a history of weakness for two months. On examination, cervical lymph nodes were found enlarged and spleen was palpable 2 cm below the costal margin. Her hemoglobin was 10.5 g/dl, platelet count 2.7 X 1091 L and total leukocyte count 40 X 109/ L, which included 80% mature lymphoid c...
[ "A pseudofollicular pattern with proliferation centers", "A monomorphic lymphoid proliferation with a nodular pattern", "A predominantly follicular pattern", "A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rate" ]
Ans is 'd' i.e., A diffuse proliferation of medium to large lymphoid cells with high mitotic rate o Lymphocytes postive for CD 19, CD20, CD23, CD5 suggest the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphcytic lymphoma. o In CLL/SLL larger lymphocytes show high mitotic activity and form proliferation centre. Ch...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34649
Which of the following is not true of the following test:
[ "Induction of nystagmus by thermal stimulation", "Normally cold water induces nystagmus to opposite side and warm water to same side", "In canal paresis there is no nystagmus", "Stimulates posterior semicircular canal" ]
(d) Stimulates Posterior Semicircular Canal(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 2; page 796)It stimulates horizontal/lateral semicircular canal
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_32105
A child develops non-blanching macules and papules on lower extremities, mild abdominal pain and skin biopsy showed IgA deposition. Most appropriate diagnosis is
[ "Drug induced vasculitis", "HSP", "Wegener's granulomatosis", "Kawasaki disease" ]
Henoch schonlein purpura : It is one of the most common vasculitic disorder of childhood. Characterised by the presence of nonthrombocytopenic , palpable purpura, transient ahralgia and abdominal symptoms. The illness begins with a rash more prominent over the extensor aspects of lower extremities and buttocks. It may ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54044
Regarding the use of halothane in obsteric surgery,which is true –
[ "There is increased risk of PPH", "It has no effect on uterine musculature", "Best used in caesarean section", "None is true" ]
As halothane causes uterine relaxation, post-partum hemorrhage can occur.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_9449
Mailgnant otitis externa is due to -
[ "Wax impaction", "Hypertesion", "Diabetes", "None of above" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Diabetes Malignant otitis externao Malignant otitis externa, also called necrotizing external otitis. is a misnomer as it is not a neoplastic condition, rather it is an infectious condition. Malignant otitis externa is a disorder involving inflammation and damage of the bones and cartilage at the base...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11036
Mallampati score is done for assessing:
[ "Size of the airway", "Oral cavity of patient for intubation", "Mobility of neck", "Size of ET tube" ]
Ans. (b) Oral cavity of patient for intubation* Mallampati score, also known as Mallampati classification is used to assess the oral cavity of patient to predict the ease of intubation.* It is assessed by looking at the anatomy of the oral cavity; specifically, it is based on the visibility of the base of soft palate, ...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19263
Mucosa is involved in –
[ "Psoriasis", "Lichen planus", "Alopecia", "Scabies" ]
Diseases involving oral mucosa :- Lichen plaints, Pemphigus, Infections (Candida, Secondary syphilis, HSV), Leucoplakia, Erythema multiforme, Peutz Jegher syndrome, Aphthous ulcers, Bechet's disease, squamous cell carcinoma
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22362
Egg has all vitamins except –
[ "B1", "B6", "C", "E" ]
Egg Egg contains all nutrients except carbohydrate and vitamin C. Egg proteins have all essential ammo acids needed by the body in right proportions → Egg protein is the standard against which the quality of other proteins are compared. NPU of egg is 100. Egg contains very high amount of cholesterol.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_41056
The electrostatic precipitator are used in the prevention of -
[ "Radiation risks", "Air pollution emissions", "Mosquito nuisance", "Diffuse vibrations" ]
An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that removes fine paicles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing gas using the force of an induced electrostatic charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit. In contrast to wet scrubbers, which apply energy directly to the flowing fluid medium, a...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43216
Who is the principal advisor to the Union government in both medical and public health matter?
[ "The central council of Health & Family welfare", "Medical council of India", "The Directorate General Health & Family Welfare", "Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25164
In Alloimmune thrombocytopenia antigen against which antibody is found?
[ "HPA 1a", "HPA 1b", "HPA 2a", "HPA 2b" ]
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (NATP): - Caused by development of maternal antibodies against antigens present on fetal platelets that are shared from father & recognized as foreign by maternal immune system. - The most common cause is incompatibility for the platelet alloantigen HPA-1a.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43509
A 65 years old man presenting with complains of chest pain, fever and cough with sputum. On examination of sputum, pus cells with the gram-positive organisms seen. How will you differentiate this from other gram-positive cocci?
[ "Bacitracin", "Optochin sensitivity", "Bile solubility", "Coagulase positive" ]
The pathogen is likely to be streptococcus pneumoniae, which is alpha hemolytic ( greenish discoloration due to incomplete hemolysis ) and gram-positive. Streptococcus pneumoniae is optochin sensitive. Optochin sensitivity: the sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to optochin is useful in differentiating it from oth...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48611
During extraction of the upper first molar, the mesio buccal root is missing and is suspected to have been pushed into the maxillary sinus. To determine the antral perforation what to do from the following
[ "Blow air through the nose with nostrils closed", "Probe the socket to check for perforation", "Enlarge the orifice to retrieve the root piece", "All of the above" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13600
Anti GDla
[ "AIDP", "ASMAN", "AMAN", "Fisher syndrome" ]
Immunopathological studies suggest that the target of immune attack is different in the subtypes of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). In acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), the attack appears directed against the axolemma and nodes of Ranvier. In acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), the attack appears...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19201
Varocay bodies are present in
[ "Periapical granuloma", "Multiple myeloma", "Both", "None" ]
Verocay bodies Present only In Schwannoma Traumatic bone cyst (or) Haemorrhagic bone cyst lies above mandibular canal.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_40335
Bacteriophage was discovered by:
[ "Robert Koch", "Twort and d'herelle", "Menkin", "Metchinkoff" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25670
All of the following statements about Nasopharyngeal carcinoma are true, except -
[ "Bimodal age distribution", "Nasopharyngectomy with radical Neck dissection is the treatment of choice", "IgA antibody to EBV is observed", "Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histological subtype" ]
Treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiotherapy. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a bimodal age distribution. A small peak is observed in late childhood and a second peak occurs in people aged 50-60 years. IgA antibodies to different EBV antigens are characteristically elevated in patients with nasopharyng...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43142
Pancytopenia with Cellular marrow is seen in all except :
[ "Megaloblastic Anemia", "Myelodysplasia", "PNH", "G6PD Deficiency" ]
Answer is D (G6PD deficiency) PNH, megaloblastic anemia, and Myelodysplasia may all present with pancytopenia and cellular marrow. G6PD deficiency is not associated with Pancytopenia and cellular marrow.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49195
Gastrointestinal stromal malignancy arises from which of the following
[ "Smooth muscle", "Nerve cells", "Vascular endothelium", "Interstial cells of cajal" ]
Refer Robbins page no Pg P775 Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) may be malignant (cancer) or benign (not cancer). They are most common in the stomach and small intestine but may be found anywhere in or near the GI tract. Some scientists believe that GISTs begin in cells called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), i...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52120
Best Investigation to assess tubal patency :
[ "Rubin's test", "HSG", "Laparotomy", "Laparoscopic chromtubation" ]
Ans. is d i.e. Laparoscopic chromotubation The Gold standard / Best Investigation to assess tubal patency is Laparoscopic chromotubation. Laparoscopy enables to look at the external condition of uterus, tubes and pelvis and at the same time the patency of tubes can be seen . Methylene Blue/Indigo carmine dye is injecte...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25423
Not a treatment for phyllodes tumour
[ "Quadrantectomy", "Enucleation", "Wide local excision", "Simple mastectomy" ]
Treatment for Phyllodes tumour is enucleation in young women or wide local excision. Massive tumors, recurrent tumors will require mastectomy. Reference: Bailey & Love, 27th Edition, page no = 870.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_10946
All are true about NSV. except,
[ "Also know as 'key hole vasectomy'", "Painful procedure", "Less Invasive", "Surgical hook used" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44542
Double bubble sign in seen in –
[ "Duodenal atresia", "Jejunal atresia", "Pyloric stenosis", "Hirschprung disease" ]
Double bubble sign is seen in duodenal atresia, duodenal web, duodenal stenosis, Ladd's band, Annular pancreas, Malrotation of the gut, preduodenal vein.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30640
Wound contraction is mediated by
[ "Epithelial cells", "Myofibroblasts", "Collagen", "Elastin" ]
ref, Robbins 9/e p105 The chief physiological function of myofibroblasts in mammalian tissues has been in wound healing and specifically in contraction of the wound. Typically there are four overlapping phases of wound healing: Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_26529
All the following are features of premature ventricular complexes except
[ "Wide QRS complex", "Absent P wave", "Complete compensatory pause", "Prolonged PR interval" ]
PR interval does not characterize ventricular premature complexes because AV conduction is not involved Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1499
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_14538
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause additive anemia and neutropenia if administered to an AIDS patient taking zidovudine?
[ "Acyclovir", "Amantadine", "Ganciclovir", "Stavudine" ]
* Ganciclovir is the drug of choice for CMV infections. * It should not be combined with zidovudine because both have bone marrow suppressant propey. * It is an analogue of acyclovir which is most active against CMV. but also inhibits other herpes viruses viz. H.simplex, H. zoster and EBV.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_30480
All the following drugs action pseudomonas infection EXCEPT
[ "Carbenicilline", "Azlocilline", "Peperacilline", "Azithromycin" ]
(Azithromycin) (730-KDT 6th)Drugs which acts on Pseudomonas* Carbenicilline* Cefoperazone* Tobramycin* Acetic acid* Ticarcilline* Aztreonam* Sisomicin* Silver sulphadiazine* Azlacilline* Imipenem* Amikacin* Tetracyclines* Mezlocilline* Cefotaxime* Nitilmicin* Cefepime* Peperacilline* Ciprofloxacine* Gentamicin * Moxala...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8774
A specimen of the ovarian mass is showing a lesion which contains hair, dermal appendages, bone and teeth. Which of the following statement is not true?
[ "It is Rokitansky protuberance", "It is a common site for malignant transformation", "It is seen in embryonal carcinoma", "Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of malginant transformation" ]
Rokitansky protuberance is a hallmark finding in gross specimen of Benign cystic teratoma. (Mature Teratoma)
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16941
The current treatment of antrochoanal polyp in a 30-year-old man is:
[ "Intranasal polypectomy", "Caldwell-Luc operation", "Endoscopic sinus surgery", "Lateral rhinotomy and excision" ]
Antrochoanal polyp originates from within the maxillary antrum, comes out of its accessory ostium into the nose and then grows towards the nasopharynx.Earlier it was removed in adults by Caldwell-Luc operation to excise its antral origin to prevent recurrence. Caldwell-Luc operation is avoided in children so as not to ...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1213
All may be seen in deep burns except -
[ "Hypehermia", "Increase vascular permeability", "Fluid loss by evaporation", "Vasodilatation" ]
Ans is 'a' i.e., Hypehermia Burns may lead to hypothermia (not hypehermia). Schwaz writes - "Radiant heat loss is increased from the burn wound secondary to increased blood flow and integumentary loss." Heat loss also occurs because of evaporation of water from the burn wounds. This evaporation from wounds cause a sign...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22965
Cardiovascular causes of digital clubbing include all of the following Except:
[ "Infective Endocarditis", "Aeriovenous Fistulos", "Tricuspid Atresia", "Aoic Dissection" ]
Answer is D (Aoic Dissection) Aoic Dissection is not a known cause for digital clubbing: Digital clubbing results from long standing conditions that take months to develop. It is not associated with acute event like aoic dissection Cardiovascular causes of Digital clubbing (Ultra medicine (2005)/285) Subacute Bacterial...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24510
All are dihydropyradines except
[ "Nifedipine", "Nimodipine", "Verapamil", "Felodipine" ]
Refer kDT 6/e p530 Dihydropyridine (DHP) is a molecule based upon pyridine, and the parent of a class of molecules that have been semi-saturated with two substituents replacing one double bond. They are paicularly well known in pharmacology as L-type calcium channel blockers, used in the treatment of hypeension. Verapa...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29868
Prolactin secretion will be inhibited by:
[ "haloperidol", "GAB A( Gama aminobutyric acid)", "Neurophysin", "Dopamine" ]
Ans. is 'd' i.e. dopamine Prolactin is a hormone secreted by anterior pituitary. It is under the inhibitory control of hypothalamus through Prolactin releasing inhibitory hormone (PRIH)PRIH is actually dopamine which acts on pituitary lactotrope D2 receptor.Therefore Dopaminergic agonists decrease plasma prolactin leve...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22617
All are chest X-Ray features suggestive of VSD in a child, EXCEPT:
[ "Large aoic knob", "Increased splaying of the carina", "Cadiomegaly", "Pulmonary plethora" ]
Chest X-Ray are typically normal in small VSD. In case of large VSD the findings are: 1. Cardiomegaly 2. Pulmonary plethora 3. Increased splaying of the carina with an anlge more than 90 with left main bronchi. 4. Small aoic knob 5. Increased left atrium Ref: Essentials of Pediatric Radiology, Page - 44
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8885
Fungi with no sexual stage:
[ "Imperfect fungi", "Phycomycetes", "Basidiomycetes", "Ascomycetes" ]
Fungi imperfecti also called as Deuteromycetes or Hyphomycetes is a provisional group of fungi whose sexual stages have not been identified.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1295
Somatic passivity is a feature of
[ "Depressive illness", "Paranoid Schizophrenia", "Hypochondriasis", "Panic disorder" ]
Somatic Passivity: The patient believes that sensation are being imposed upon his body by an outside force. Pa of Schizophrenia - First-Rank SymptomsSchizophrenia - First-Rank SymptomsDELUSIONAL PERCEPTIONAUDITORY HALLUCINATIONSDELUSIONS OF THOUGHT INTERFERENCEThought inseion (put into your head)Thought withdrawal (tak...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_54345
Changes in middle ear after bih are observed in?
[ "Werdin's test", "Ploucquet's test", "Fodere's test", "Breslau's test" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Werdin's test Werdin's test: Before bih middle ear contains gelatinous embryonic tissue which is replaced by air after respiration.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50328
The angle former is a special type of
[ "Chisel", "Excavator", "Hatchet", "Rotary instrument" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_49793
Angle between FH plane & occlusal plane is
[ "1°", "10°", "27°", "Parallel to each other" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_51752
pegloticase is used for treatment of:-
[ "Ankylosing spondylosis", "CPPD", "Chronic tophaceous gout", "Refractory Rheumatoid ahritis" ]
Drugs used inchronic goutby increasing uric acid metabolism arePEGLOTICASEand RASBURICASE. Pseudogout is caused by calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals (CPPD). And though the two have similar symptoms, treatment is somewhat different. Drugs to treat pseudogout include: Anti-inflammatory painkiller drugs, also calle...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_43351
All except one are true regarding Barret's esophagus?
[ "More incidence of sq. cell ca", "Metaplasia", "Columnar epithelium", "Involves lower oesophagus" ]
Ans. is 'a' ie More incidence of sq.cell ca There is increased incidence of adenocarcinoma in Barret's esophagus. o Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant condition with increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of esophagus. o Also remember Barrett's esophgus is the single most impoant risk factor for adenocarcinoma of eso...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_21313
Boerhaave&;s syndrome is due to
[ "Drug induced esophagus perforation", "Corrosive injury", "Spontaneous perforation", "Gastro-esophageal reflux disease" ]
BOERHAAVE&;S syndrome is a tear in the lower third of oesophagus which occurs when a person vomits against a closed glottis, causing leaks into the mediastinum, pleural cavity, and peritoneum.site of perforation is about 2-10 cm of posterolateral pa of the lower oesophagus.investigations include chest Xray, MRI/CT, and...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11910
The commonest intrabronchial cause of haemopysis is
[ "Carcinoma lung", "Adenoma lung", "Emphysema", "Bronchiectasis" ]
Answer is A (Carcinoma lung): The two most common causes for hemoptysis are bronchitis and bronchogenic carcinoma. Bronchitis is not provided amongst the options and hence bronchogenic carcinoma is the single best answer of choice. Although the relative frequency of the different etiologies of hemoptysis varies from se...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_35355
Methemoglobinemia may be caused by following agents, EXCEPT:
[ "Sulfonamides", "Phenytoin", "Phenacetin", "Phenazopyridine" ]
Drugs Commonly Implicated in Patients with Methemoglobinemia: Analgesics Phenazopyridine Phenacetin Antimicrobials Antimalarials Dapsone Local anesthetics Benzocaine Lidocaine Prilocaine Dibucaine Nitrates/nitrites Amyl nitrite Isobutyl nitrite Sodium nitrite Ammonium nitrate Silver nitrate Sulfonamides Ref: Farmer B.M...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48756
All of the following aeries are branches of the splenic aery, EXCEPT?
[ "Right gastric aery", "Sho gastric aery", "Pancreatic branches", "Left gastroepiploic aery" ]
Right gastric aery is a branch of hepatic aery not splenic aery. Branches of splenic aery are sho gastric aery, pancreatic branches and left gastroepiploic aery. Branches of the hepatic aery are:Right gastric aeryGastroduodenal aery gives rise to right gastroepiploic aery and superior pancreaticoduodenal aery.Right and...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_50354
Treatment for parathyroid hyperplasia is
[ "Removal of 3 1/2 glands", "Removal of all four glands", "Calcium", "Enlarged glands to be removed" ]
Treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism Initial correction of hypercalcemia (Rapid IV NaCl with Furosemide)* Neck exploration is done and t/t done accordingly
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_1972
Which of the following is not a feature of tuberculous pleural effusion?
[ "LDH > 60% serum LDH", "Adenosine deaminase", "WBC count 5000 - 10000", "Increased mesothelial cells" ]
The effusion caused by post primary tuberculosis (TB) represents a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to spillage of organisms into the pleural space. The pleural fluid has the qualities of an exudates. The glucose concentration may be low (<60 mg/dL). pH of tuberculous effusion is below 7.2. Lymphocytes predominate and...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_29098
Surgical treatment of parotid tuimor nvolving the deep lobe is ?
[ "Total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation", "Total parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise", "Sub total parotidectomy", "Subtotal parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifise" ]
Surgical treatment of Salivary malignancies The primary treatment of salivary malignancies is surgical excision. In this setting, basic surgical principles include the en bloc removal of the involved gland with preservation of all nerves unless directly invaded by tumor. For parotid tumors that arise in the lateral lob...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_20598
Immediate transient type of increase vascular permeability in acute inflammation -
[ "Venules", "Capillaries", "Aerioles", "None" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Venules Formation of endothelial gaps in venules is the most common mechanism of vascular lekage
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_36726
The above milestone comes at approximately:-
[ "6 months", "8 months", "9 months", "12 months" ]
The given picture shows sitting with suppo at 6 months. (Tripod position) Sitting without suppo comes at 8 month ross Motor Visual Motor Language Social adaptive 4 mo SSHolds head steadily* SS Suppos on forearms in prone SSRollsfromprone to supine* SS Reaches with both arms together SS Hands to midline SSBidextrous gra...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22151
Side effects of phenytoin are all except :
[ "Osteomalacia", "Maculopapular rash", "Sedation", "Megaloblastic anaemia" ]
null
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3898
Eustachian tube opens due to contraction of which of the following muscles
[ "Buccinator", "Levator palati", "Stylohyoid", "Stylopharyngeus" ]
Three muscles are related to the eustachian tube: tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini and salpingopharyngeus. The medial fibres of the tensor veli palatini are attached to the lateral lamina of the tube and when they contract help to open the tubal lumen. These fibres have also been called dilator tubae muscle....
B
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medmcqa
medmcqa_47614
Blackening of urine on exposure to atmosphere is observed in:
[ "Phenylketonuria", "Maple syrup urine disease", "Hanup disease", "Alkaptonuria" ]
Alkaptonuria/Black urine disease/AlcaptonuriaIt is a rare inherited genetic disorder of phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism.This is an autosomal recessive condition that is due to a defect in the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, which paicipates in the degradation of tyrosine.As a result, homogentisic acid and i...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17228
All of the following are associated with insulin resistance except -
[ "Acanthosis nigricans", "Lipodystrophy", "Gout", "Calcific aoic valve disease" ]
Ref - semantischolar.org
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3829
Malignant tumour of skeletal muscle is
[ "Rhabdomyoma", "Rhabdomyosarcoma", "Leiomyoma", "Leiomyosarcoma" ]
null
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_725
Treatment of choice for annular pancreas is -
[ "Division of pancreas", "Duodeno-duodenostomy", "Duodeno-jejunostomy", "Roux-en-Y loop" ]
Ans B Reference Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 20th edition. Annular pancreas results from aberrant migration of the ventral pancreas bud which leads to circumferential or near-circumferential pancreas tissue surrounding the second portion of the duodenum This abnormality may be associated with other congenital defects,...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_12183
The process of removal of supporting bone to produce a positive gingival or osseous architecture is called as:
[ "Spheroidizing", "Scribing", "Osteoplasty", "None" ]
Scribing: It is an osseous resection technique, where high speed rotary instruments outline the radicular bone, which has to be removed by hand instrumentation. Spheroidizing (or parabolizing): It is the removal of supporting bone to produce a positive gingival or osseous architecture.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5916
Bone pearl appearance is seen in ?
[ "Electrical burns", "Hydrocution", "Strangulation", "Throttling" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Electrical burns Electric burns Electric burns are at times, also referred to as joule burns. Technically, joule burn is an endogenous burn, i.e. burns produced due to release of heat from the body, on application of electric current. Electric burns may be of following types :? 1) Contact burns : Due ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24611
Antidote for oxalic acid poisoning:
[ "BAL", "Animal charcoal", "Calcium gluconate", "Magnesium" ]
C i.e. Calcium gluconate
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_46474
A 50 year old diabetic patient had Labarotary and clinical findings indicating liver cirrhosis. He also developed hyper - pigmentation of the skin. Which of the following can be the probable diagnosis
[ "Wilson's disease", "Hemochromatosis", "PBC", "PSC" ]
Hemochromatosis can present as "Bronze Diabetes". A classic triad of Cirrhosis, Diabetes mellitus and hyperpigmentation.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34660
The best alternative storage medium for avulsed teeth in case culture media are not available is
[ "Milk", "Water", "Saline", "Blood" ]
null
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_48520
"Potter's syndrome" is associated with
[ "Renal anomalies", "Severe oligohydramnio's", "Flattened nose", "All of the above" ]
JCDR - Potter's Syndrome, oligohydramnios, Potter's facies, pulmonary hypoplasia. Potter's Syndrome is a rare congenital disorder which is diagnosed at birth. It refers to a group of findings which are associated with the lack of amniotic fluid due to renal failure in an unborn infant.
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_38992
Allantoin is the end product of metabolism of ?
[ "Glycogen", "Purine", "Pyrimidine", "Histidine" ]
In non-primate mammals, end product of purine metabolism is allantoin due to presence of enzyme uricase. Uricase convees uric acid to allantoin. Humans lack the enzyme uricase. Therefore, end product of purine catabolism in humans is uric acid REF: Lippincott book of biochemistry 6th ed.
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_11543
Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of :
[ "Neural tube defect", "Toxaemia of pregnancy", "Down's syndrome", "Placenta pre" ]
Ans. is a i.e. Neural tube defect
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_28526
All of the following are features of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), except:
[ "Fever", "Splenomegaly", "Hyperferritinemia", "Hyperfibrinogenemia" ]
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a reactive condition marked by cytopenias and signs and symptoms of systemic inflammation related to macrophage activation. For this reason, it is also sometimes referred to as macrophage activation syndrome. Some forms are familial and may appear early in life, even in infan...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_31005
Leber cells are most commonly seen in
[ "Vernal keratoconjunctivitis", "Phlyctenular conjunctivitis", "Ophthalmianeonatorum", "Trachoma" ]
Leber cells are mainly seen in trachoma Follicles: * Conjunctival follicles multiple discrete resembling grains of rice , blood vessels run across or around. * Subepithelial lymphoid germinal centres with histiocytes, monocytes and large nucleated cells called leber cells with immature lymphocytes centrally and mature ...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8847
If the head of the femur is dislocated postero-medially, compression of which nerve is likely to be a result?
[ "Femoral", "Lumbosacral trunk", "Obturator", "Sciatic" ]
The sciatic nerve is closely related to the posterior hip joint, which makes this nerve very vulnerable in cases where the femur is dislocated postero-medially. If the sciatic nerve was completely paralyzed, the compaments innervated by its two branches: the common fibular and tibial nerves, would lose function. This w...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25551
Dapoxetine is specifically developed for?
[ "Depression", "Psychosis", "Premature ejaculation", "Anxiety disorder" ]
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Premature ejaculation Dapoxetine Dapoxetine is the first compound developed specially for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) in men 18-64 years old. Dapoxetine works by inhibiting the serotonin transpoer, increasing serotonin's action at the post synaptic cleft, and as a consequence promoting...
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17737
Hypercalcemia is seen in all, except-
[ "Acute pancreatitis", "Hypervitaminosis D", "Addison's disease", "Hyperparathyroidism" ]
<p>Primary hyperparathyroidism is a generalized disorder of calcium, phosphate, and bone metabolism due to an increased secretion of PTH. The elevation of circulating hormone usually leads to hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. There is great variation in the manifestations. Patients may present with multiple signs and...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_25892
PCR is used in:
[ "Medicolegal cases", "Amplification of gene", "Identification of organism", "All of the above" ]
Ans: d (All the above) Ref: Vasudevan, 4th ed, p. 443; 5th ed, p. 458Clinical applications of PCR-->> Diagnosis of bacterial and viral diaseases, medico-legal cases, diagnosis of genetic diseases, cancer detection, paleontological studies.Polymorphic markers and linkage analysis:* A pre requisite for successful linkage...
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53693
Which of the following is not evaluated using 99mm Tc- DMSA scintigraphy?
[ "Renal anomalies", "Renal pseudomass", "Renal scarring", "Renal artery stenosis" ]
Ans DDMSA scan is used to study renal morphology thus out of given options only renal artery stenosis is not a renal morphological defect. Renal artery stenosis is studied by Captopril-DTPA scan
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_8746
Gold Standard investigation for pulmonary Thromboembolism?
[ "V/Q SCAN", "CECT", "Angiography", "MRI" ]
*Gold standard is Pulmonary Angiography. *IOC - CT Angio. CE pulmonary angiogram showing hypodense thrombus in left main pulmonary aery.
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_24171
Frig causing maximum peripheral neuropathy is
[ "Zidovudine", "Lamivudine", "Stavudine", "Didanosine" ]
Refer WHO recommendations to treat adult and adolescent HIV/76 Stavudine b has maximum incidence of peripheral neuropathy whereas didanosine is associated with maximum risk of acute pancreatitis
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_13112
Fetus was found to have a congenital hea block (CHB), what should be evaluated in the mother?
[ "SLE", "APLA", "Diabetes mellitus", "Haemolytic anemia" ]
SLE is Pregnancy- SLE - causes - multi organ damage in the mother and antibodies against the antigens blood circulation enter the fetus causing multiple problems to the fetus mainly congenital hea block CHB is the most serious complication of neonatal lupus erythematosus. Transplacental transfer of maternal anti - SSA/...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_7322
Which of the following Angiotensin II receptor blocker shows Antiplatelet action?
[ "Losartan", "Valsartan", "Irbesartan", "Candesartan" ]
ANSWER: (A) LosartanREF: KDT 6th edition page 488Losartan It is a competitive antagonist and inverse agonist of A-II, 10,000 times more selective for ATI than AT2 receptor does not block any other receptor or ion channel, except thromboxane A2 receptor (has some platelet antiaggregatory property). It blocks all overt a...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_16823
A six year old child is posted for elective urology surgery under general anesthesia. He refuses to allow the anaesthesiologist an I.V. access. The best inhalational agent of choice for induction of anesthesia is:
[ "Sevoflurane", "Methoxyflurane", "Desflurane", "Isoflurane" ]
A i.e. Sevoflurane
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_53562
True about multiple myeloma except -
[ "↑ Uric acid", "↑ Urea", "↑ Ca++", "↑ Alkaline phosphatase" ]
null
D
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_19134
Adverse effect of tocolytic agonist in pregnancy:a) HTNb) ↓ glucosec)↓K+d) Arrythmiae) Pulmonary edema
[ "cde", "acd", "bde", "ade" ]
Friends I am listing down the side effect of various tocolytics, just go through them. Amongst them, most important are side effects of betamimetics. Commonly used tocolytics
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_34334
Which of the following statement is true about NetProtein Utilization?
[ "It is the ratio of energy from protein to total energy in diet", "It is the ratio of total nitrogen retained by total nitrogen intake multiplied by 100", "It is the amount of one amino acid per gram of a protein divided by the amount of same amino acid per gram of egg protein", "If the NPU is high the amount...
It is the ratio of total nitrogen retained by total nitrogen intake multiplied by 100/Ref. Park 20/e, p 549 (19/e p503)1 Repeat from Nov 08 Net Protein Utilization (NPU): NPU is a method of assessing protein quality. It is the ratio of amino acid conveed to proteins to the ratio of amino acids supplied. Experimentally,...
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_52306
A patient with a pheochromocytoma is secreting large amounts of norepinephrine into the bloodstream. In a normal individual, this compound is usually released from the adrenal medulla in response to which of the following?
[ "Acetylcholine", "Epinephrine", "Metanephrine", "Normetanephrine" ]
In the normal individual, release of the catecholamine norepinephrine is under neuroendocrine control, with acetylcholine serving as the local neurotransmitter that triggers its release. This normal control is disrupted in patients with pheochromocytoma. The catecholamine epinephrine is also secreted by the adrenal med...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_22402
Cryptomenorrhoea is most commonly seen with:
[ "Imperforate hymen", "Asherman syndrome", "PCOD", "Vaginal agenesis" ]
Ans: a (Imperforate hymen) Ref: Shaw, 13th ed,p.280In women with cryptomenorrhoea presenting as primary amenorrhoea the commonest cause is a intact hymen.Imperforate hymenClinical features1deg amenorrhoeaUrinary retentionPeriodic lower abdominal painSign: Visualization of tense bluish bulging membrane on separation of ...
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_17500
Minimum Alveolar concentration of halothane is
[ "0.74%", "1-2%", "6%", "2%" ]
Halothane is a potent anesthetic with a MAC of 0.74%. Its blood/gas partition coefficient of 2.4 makes it an agent with moderate induction and recovery time. It is not a good analgesic and its muscle relaxation effect is moderate.
A
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_3201
Basic Pathophysiology in Potter syndrome:
[ "Maternal diabetes", "Pulmonary hypoplasia", "Bilateral renal agenesis", "Oligohydramnios" ]
Potter syndrome- Primary defect- B/L renal agenesis Features- Pulmonary hypoplasia (MCC of death) Oligohydramnios Wrinkled skin Potter Facies- Widely separated eyes with epicanthic folds, low set ears, flat nose & receding chin
C
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_44966
Cocket & Dodd's operation is performed for which one of the following ?
[ "Sapheno femoral flush ligation", "Subfascial ligation", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Diabetic foot" ]
Ref: BMJ 97 p314 Cockett and Dodd operation : Sub-fascial ligation of perforators Ref: www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/4855162
B
null
medmcqa
medmcqa_5057
Most common cause of acute compament syndrome in children is ?
[ "Fracture supracondylar humerus", "Transphysealhumerus fracture", "Fracture radius /ulna", "Fracture shaft humerus" ]
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fracture supracondylar humerus Compament syndrome is most commonly caused by extremity fractures :- Supracondylar fracture of humerus is the most common cause is children. Crush injuries to forearm are the most common cause in adults. Other injuries are fracture both bones forearm, elbow dislocation.
A
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