dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_9435 | What is the supply of water to land or crops to help growth called? | [
"precipitation",
"irrigation",
"drainage",
"absorbtion"
] | Some of the problems associated with intensive irrigation include all but. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3644 | Why do sodium and chloride ions attract each other? | [
"sulfides attract",
"opposites attract",
"magnetism",
"like attracts like"
] | Sodium and chloride ions have equal but opposite charges. Opposites attract, so sodium and chloride ions attract each other. They cling together in a strong ionic bond. You can see this in row 2 of Figure above . Brackets separate the ions in the diagram to show that the ions in the compound do not share electrons. You... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7971 | What connects the fetus to the placenta? | [
"fallopian tube",
"womb",
"amniotic sac",
"umbilical cord"
] | The placenta allows nutrients and wastes to be exchanged between the mother and fetus. The fetus is connected to the placenta through the umbilical cord. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4807 | What is the area where an electron is most likely to be found called? | [
"neucleus",
"neutron",
"proton",
"orbital"
] | wave functions can predict within a certain level of probability where an electron might be at any given time. The area where an electron is most likely to be found is called its orbital. Recall that the Bohr model depicts an atom’s electron shell configuration. Within each electron shell are subshells, and each subshe... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8989 | Many enzymes are simple proteins consisting entirely of one or more of these? | [
"amino acid chains",
"interaction acid chains",
"proteins acid chains",
"alkali acid chains"
] | Many enzymes are simple proteins consisting entirely of one or more amino acid chains. Other enzymes contain a nonprotein component called a cofactor that is necessary for the enzyme’s proper functioning. There are two types of cofactors: inorganic ions [e. , zinc or Cu(I) ions] and organic molecules known as coenzymes... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3427 | What function of the car is affected by the pedal that controls the amount of gas the engine gets? | [
"acceleration",
"shifting",
"braking",
"transmission"
] | The car pedal on the right controls the amount of gas the engine gets. How does this affect the car’s acceleration?. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5662 | What facilitates the diffusion of ions across a membrane? | [
"photon channels",
"ion channels",
"passive transport",
"ionic bonds"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_813 | What is the third male reprodutive structure after the penis and testes? | [
"anus",
"epididymis",
"scrotum",
"clitoris"
] | Male reproductive structures include the penis, testes, and epididymis. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6536 | Because they can cause diseases in plants, some parasitic fungi are considered what? | [
"pathogenic",
"viral",
"bacterial",
"toxic"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_7499 | The scientific process of collecting data outside the lab (in the "wild") is known as what kind of work? | [
"scientific investigation",
"track work",
"experimentation",
"field work"
] | Many Earth scientists collect data in the field, called field work . The data may be from observations or measurements. The scientists may create a geological map of the area. They might write detailed descriptions of the rocks and their relationships. They may collect samples to analyze in the lab. They may do a combi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9430 | What describes how much matter is in a certain amount of space? | [
"mass",
"volume",
"density",
"viscosity"
] | Density describes how much matter is in a certain amount of space. Substances that have more matter packed into a given space have higher densities. The water in a drinking glass has the same density as the water in a bathtub or swimming pool. All substances have characteristic densities, which does not depend on how m... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7024 | What theory explains most of the features of earth’s surface? | [
"plate tectonics",
"string theory",
"Big Bang theory",
"flat earth theory"
] | The theory of plate tectonics explains most of the features of Earth’s surface. Plate tectonics helps us to understand where and why mountains form. Using the theory, we know where new ocean floor will be created and where it will be destroyed. We know why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions happen where they do. We eve... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9488 | What do you call the transfer of thermal energy? | [
"humidity",
"formation",
"precipitation",
"heat"
] | Thermal energy is the total energy of moving particles of matter. The transfer of thermal energy is called heat. Therefore, a heating system is a system for the transfer of thermal energy. Regardless of the type of heating system in a home, the basic function is the same: to produce thermal energy and transfer it to ai... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11414 | What kind of energy comes from the position of a charged particle in an electric field? | [
"thermal energy",
"solar energy",
"potential energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | Electric potential energy comes from the position of a charged particle in an electric field. For example, when two negative charges are close together, they have potential energy because they repel each other and have the potential to push apart. If the charges actually move apart, their potential energy decreases. El... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8705 | The force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels or upon the chambers of the heart is known as blood what? | [
"pressure",
"push",
"vaccuum",
"squeeze"
] | 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance Blood flow is the movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ. The slowing or blocking of blood flow is called resistance. Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts upon the walls of the blood vessels or chambers of the heart. The components of blood pressure... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5197 | The thin scale-like or flat shape of what cells fits their primary function, to provide a smooth and protective surface? | [
"kind epithelium",
"technique epithelium",
"basic epithelium",
"simple epithelium"
] | Simple Epithelium The shape of the cells in the single cell layer of simple epithelium reflects the functioning of those cells. The cells in simple squamous epithelium have the appearance of thin scales. Squamous cell nuclei tend to be flat, horizontal, and elliptical, mirroring the form of the cell. The endothelium is... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7552 | Which gland is an extension of the hypothalamus? | [
"pineal gland",
"adrenal gland",
"salivary gland",
"posterior pituitary gland"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_2127 | What is the term used for the ability of salamanders to grow back lost limbs and other body parts? | [
"transformation",
"expansion",
"extraction",
"regeneration"
] | Salamanders are carnivorous , eating only other animals, not plants. They will eat almost any smaller animal, such as worms, centipedes, crickets, spiders, and slugs. Some will even eat small invertebrates. Finally, salamanders have the ability to grow back lost limbs, as well as other body parts. This process is known... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7735 | What type of generators use electromagnetic induction to change kinetic energy to electrical energy? | [
"radiators",
"conductors",
"electric generators",
"thermal generators"
] | Two important devices depend on electromagnetic induction: electric generators and electric transformers. Both devices play critical roles in producing and regulating the electric current we depend on in our daily lives. Electric generators use electromagnetic induction to change kinetic energy to electrical energy. Th... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9097 | Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in what kind of solution? | [
"solid",
"reactive",
"saline",
"aqueous"
] | In this reaction, and are positively-charged cations, while and are negatively-charged anions. Double-replacement reactions generally occur between substances in aqueous solution. In order for a reaction to occur, one of the products is usually a solid precipitate, a gas, or a molecular compound such as water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5257 | The duodenum is the first and the shortest part of what, and is where most chemical digestion takes place? | [
"small intestine",
"large intestine",
"rectum",
"stomach"
] | The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is also the shortest part. This is where most chemical digestion takes place. Many enzymes and other substances involved in digestion are secreted into the duodenum. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5341 | The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of what system? | [
"nervous",
"endocrine",
"hormonal",
"digestive"
] | The pea-sized pituitary gland is just below the hypothalamus and attached directly to it. The pituitary receives hormones from the hypothalamus. It also secretes its own hormones. Most pituitary hormones control other endocrine glands. That’s why the pituitary gland is called the “master gland” of the endocrine system.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3635 | How many millions of years ago did pangaea begin breaking apart? | [
"400",
"250",
"500",
"600"
] | Pangaea has been breaking apart since about 250 million years ago. Divergent plate boundaries formed within the continents to cause them to rift apart. The continents are still moving apart. The Pacific is shrinking as the Atlantic is growing. The Appalachians ( Figure below ) are now on a passive margin. The mighty mo... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2970 | The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from what? | [
"varied ancestors",
"rare tribes",
"recent ancestors",
"common ancestors"
] | Biochemical compounds are carbon-based compounds that are found in living things. The similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides evidence for the evolution of species from common ancestors. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5325 | What are terrestrial biomes determined by? | [
"temperature and moisture",
"time and temperature",
"pressure and temperature",
"moisture and elevation"
] | Terrestrial biomes are determined mainly by temperature and moisture. Plants are the primary producers. Examples of terrestrial biomes include tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, and tundra. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3410 | What are carbonated beverages pressurized with? | [
"co2",
"hydrogen",
"helium",
"dioxide"
] | NaN3 is 1.847 g/cm . What is the volume of the gas produced compared to the solid reactant? Suggest a plausible reason to explain why skin burns can result from the inflation of an airbag during an automobile accident. Under basic conditions, the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6625 | What plant products may be classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, or accessory, depending on their origin? | [
"leaves",
"pods",
"flowers",
"fruits"
] | Fruits may be classified as simple, aggregate, multiple, or accessory, depending on their origin (Figure 32.22). If the fruit develops from a single carpel or fused carpels of a single ovary, it is known as a simple fruit, as seen in nuts and beans. An aggregate fruit is one that develops from more than one carpel, but... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1910 | The human heart is located within what cavity? | [
"abdominal",
"thoracic",
"pelvic",
"spinal"
] | Location of the Heart The human heart is located within the thoracic cavity, medially between the lungs in the space known as the mediastinum. Figure 19.2 shows the position of the heart within the thoracic cavity. Within the mediastinum, the heart is separated from the other mediastinal structures by a tough membrane ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5961 | Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of what? | [
"ribosomes",
"prokaryotes",
"animals",
"chromosomes"
] | 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7567 | The magnet field of earth is called what? | [
"ionosphere",
"magnetosphere",
"atmosphere",
"troposphere"
] | Earth is a giant magnet with north and south magnetic poles and a magnetic field called the magnetosphere. Evidence in rocks shows that Earth’s magnetic poles switched positions hundreds of times in the past. Scientists think that Earth’s magnetic field is caused by the movement of charged particles through molten meta... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10681 | Where does the shoot system get the water and minerals that it depends on? | [
"the soil",
"the seeds",
"the air",
"surrounding plants"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_2133 | The fight or flight response and similar responses are controlled by what part of the nervous system? | [
"autonomous",
"central nervous system",
"spinal cord",
"cells"
] | Image copyright CREATISTA, 2014. The autonomous nervous system controls responses such as fight or flight . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3736 | What is the process of creating complementary strands of mrna called? | [
"mutation",
"transcription",
"division",
"differentiation"
] | Overview of Transcription. Transcription uses the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA to make a complementary strand of mRNA. Triplets are groups of three successive nucleotide bases in DNA. Codons are complementary groups of bases in mRNA. Every triplet, or codon, encodes for a unique amino acid. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1032 | Making ups about 50 percent of the modern american diet, what food group can be classified according to the number of monomers they contain of simple sugars and/or complex sugars? | [
"carbohydrates",
"proteins",
"fats",
"grains"
] | Carbohydrate Digestion The average American diet is about 50 percent carbohydrates, which may be classified according to the number of monomers they contain of simple sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) and/or complex sugars (polysaccharides). Glucose, galactose, and fructose are the three monosaccharides that a... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5437 | What is an organic compound that is made up of only carbon and hydrogen? | [
"a catalyst",
"a hydrocarbon",
"a component",
"an acid"
] | A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that is made up of only carbon and hydrogen. A hydrocarbon is the simplest kind of organic molecule and is the basis for all other more complex organic compounds. Hydrocarbons can be divided into two broad categories. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that do not contain the b... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8683 | What are these examples of: a person riding a carousel and a skydiver in free fall? | [
"vibration",
"acceleration",
"centrifugal force",
"centripetal force"
] | Examples of acceleration include a person riding a carousel and a skydiver in free fall. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5211 | Planting a row of trees around a field or erecting a fence on a sand dune helps prevent what form of erosion? | [
"water",
"fire",
"rain",
"wind"
] | Planting rows of trees around fields is another way to reduce wind erosion. The trees slow down the wind, so it doesn’t cause as much erosion. Fences like the one in Figure below serve the same purpose. The fence in the figure is preventing erosion and migration of sand dunes on a beach. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2036 | Many species in rhizaria are among the organisms referred to as what? | [
"fungi",
"protozoa",
"amoebas",
"prokaryotes"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6719 | Exchange occurs directly with the external environment in what type of organisms? | [
"multicellular organisms",
"hematopoietic organisms",
"unicellular organisms",
"cell clusters"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9701 | Silicon with an element that gives it extra electrons is which type of semiconductor? | [
"k. - type",
"m. Type",
"i.g - type",
"n-type"
] | An n-type (negative-type) semiconductor consists of silicon and an element such as phosphorus that gives the silicon crystal extra electrons. You can see this in the Figure above . An n-type semiconductor is like the negative terminal of a battery. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9169 | How many hydrogen atoms does a nitrogen atom of a primary amine have? | [
"four",
"six",
"two",
"ten"
] | The nitrogen atom of a primary amine is bonded to two hydrogen atoms and one carbon. The nitrogen atom of a secondary amine is bonded to one hydrogen and two carbons. The nitrogen atom of a tertiary amine is bonded to three carbon atoms. Amines are typically named by a common system rather than by IUPAC guidelines. The... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10789 | Human evolution shows that evolutionary changes typically occur at what pace? | [
"uneven",
"sudden",
"slow",
"rapid"
] | Usually evolutionary changes occur at a very slow pace. Human evolution took millions of years. However, sometimes evolution can also happen quite quickly. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3358 | What do opposite charges do to one another? | [
"attract",
"strengthen",
"repel",
"weaken"
] | Opposite charges attract, and like charges repel. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2988 | What process enables all living things to maintain a constant internal environment? | [
"consciousness",
"homeostasis",
"ketosis",
"peristalsis"
] | All living things are able to maintain a constant internal environment through homeostasis. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6661 | What type of cells are often the product of normal cells that have lost the ability to regulate the cell cycle? | [
"sick cells",
"uncontrolled cells",
"corrosive cells",
"cancerous cells"
] | Many cancerous cells are the products of normal cells that have lost the ability to regulate the cell cycle. The genes that encode the proteins involved in cell cycle regulation have mutations. One category of genes, called oncogenes, accelerate the cell cycle. Some cancers can be inherited, such as breast cancer (due ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7587 | In a model of an atom, the level with the least energy is the one closest to what? | [
"surface",
"nucleus",
"center",
"protons"
] | The model of an atom in Figure below has six energy levels. The level with the least energy is the one closest to the nucleus. As you go farther from the nucleus, the levels have more and more energy. Electrons can jump from one energy level to another. If an atom absorbs energy, some of its electrons can jump to a hig... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6463 | What are the two basic types of competition called? | [
"interference and interaction",
"instraspecifc and interspecific",
"weak and strong",
"exploitative and beneficial"
] | Aggressive behavior often occurs when individuals compete for the same resources. Animals may compete for territory, water, food, or mates. There are two basic types of competition: intraspecific and interspecific. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10287 | Where do streams often start? | [
"valleys",
"mountains",
"oceans",
"plains"
] | Streams often start in mountains, where the land is very steep. You can see an example in Figure below . A mountain stream flows very quickly because of the steep slope. This causes a lot of erosion and very little deposition. The rapidly falling water digs down into the stream bed and makes it deeper. It carves a narr... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6249 | What is the name for a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average? | [
"puberty",
"menstrual cycle",
"periodic table",
"urinary cycle"
] | Egg production in the ovary is part of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average. These changes include the development of an egg and follicle in the ovary. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11278 | What controls the shape of a developing zygote early in its development? | [
"gap genes",
"storage genes",
"DNA",
"chromosomes"
] | Gap genes control the shape of a developing zygote early in its development. Gap mutants are missing segments in their embryos. These genes are highly regulated. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9813 | Similarity that results from common ancestry is known as what? | [
"duality",
"heterogeny",
"homology",
"affinity"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4569 | Prokaryotes are successful because of the ________ of reproduction in favorable environments | [
"speed",
"order",
"cycle",
"volume"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_2468 | What do eukaryotic cells have that compartmentalize their functions? | [
"vacuoles",
"cell walls",
"cytoplasm",
"internal membranes"
] | 6.2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9058 | There are two basic body plans in cnidarians which are called the polyp and what else? | [
"spore",
"stoma",
"medusa",
"hydra"
] | There are two basic body plans in cnidarians. They are called the polyp and medusa. Both are shown in Figure below . The polyp has a tubular body and is usually sessile. The medusa (plural, medusae ) has a bell-shaped body and is typically motile. Some cnidarian species alternate between polyp and medusa forms. Other s... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11403 | What is the theoretical event that began the universe often called? | [
"dark matter",
"Coreolis effect",
"string theory",
"big bang"
] | The generation of an isolated but open system, which we might call a protocell, was a critical step in the origin of life. Such an isolated system has important properties that are likely to have facilitated the further development of life. For example, because of the membrane boundary, changes that occur within one su... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1606 | Substances that act as both weak acids and bases are said to be what? | [
"amphiphilic",
"hygroscopic",
"amphoteric",
"atmospheric"
] | Other applications of carbonates include glass making—where carbonate ions serve as a source of oxide ions—and synthesis of oxides. Hydrogen carbonates are amphoteric because they act as both weak acids and weak bases. Hydrogen carbonate ions act as acids and react with solutions of soluble hydroxides to form a carbona... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9514 | Physical science can be defined as the study of matter and what? | [
"time",
"energy",
"space",
"natural forces"
] | Physical science can be defined as the study of matter and energy. Matter refers to all the "stuff" that exists in the universe. It includes everything you can see and many things that you cannot see, including the air around you. Energy is what gives matter the ability to move and change. Energy can take many forms, s... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7820 | What is the generation of electricity using photovoltaic cells to split water molecules called? | [
"aqua-electricity",
"photoelectrolysis",
"hybrid electricity",
"photovoltaic cells"
] | With fossil fuels becoming more expensive and less available, scientists are looking for other energy sources. Hydrogen has long been considered an ideal source, since it does not pollute when it burns. The problem has been finding ways to generate hydrogen economically. One new approach that is being studied is photoe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2678 | What occurs at joints? | [
"body movements",
"nothing",
"digestion",
"respiration"
] | Movements of the body occur at joints. Describe how muscles are arranged around the joints of the body. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10714 | In what state of matter is butter at room temperature? | [
"liqued",
"solid",
"gas",
"gel"
] | 6. Butter is a fat that is a solid at room temperature. What type of fatty acids does butter contain? How do you know?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3015 | Solutions to schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called what? | [
"light numbers",
"quantum numbers",
"gravity numbers",
"linear numbers"
] | Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called quantum numbers . (Three of the numbers, , , and , come from Schrödinger’s equation, and the fourth one comes from an extension of the theory). These four numbers completely describe the energy of an electron. Each electron has exactly four quantum... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2661 | What is the layer above the mesophere called? | [
"troposphere",
"exosphere",
"thermosphere",
"stratosphere"
] | The mesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere. It rises to about 85 kilometers (53 miles) above the surface. Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6216 | What type of contamination causes almost 90% of diarrheal disease worldwide? | [
"food contamination",
"ground contamination",
"water supply contamination",
"air contamination"
] | Unsafe water supplies have drastic effects on human health. Waterborne diseases are diseases due to microscopic pathogens in fresh water. These diseases can be caused by protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and intestinal parasites. In many parts of the world there are no water treatment plants. If sewage or animal manure gets... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3914 | The fuel rods are made of a corrosion-resistant alloy that encases the partially enriched uranium fuel; controlled fission of 235u in the fuel produces heat. water surrounds the fuel rods and moderates this? | [
"kinetic energy",
"electromagnetism",
"half-life",
"thermal energy"
] | The fuel rods are made of a corrosion-resistant alloy that encases the partially enriched uranium fuel; controlled fission of 235U in the fuel produces heat. Water surrounds the fuel rods and moderates the kinetic energy of the. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1533 | What are the cells caused that parasites spread through their host? | [
"protists",
"fungi spores",
"sporozoites",
"prokaryotes"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_3355 | B cells and t cells are examples of what type of cells? | [
"skin cells",
"heart cells",
"cancer cells",
"white blood cells"
] | There are two different types of specific immune responses. One type involves B cells. The other type involves T cells. Recall that B cells and T cells are types of white blood cells that are key in the immune response. Whereas the immune system's first and second line of defense are more generalized or non-specific, t... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4646 | What term describes the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances? | [
"Diffusion",
"reactivity",
"permeability",
"oxidation"
] | Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances. For example, iron is highly reactive with oxygen. When it combines with oxygen, it forms the reddish powder called rust (see Figure below ). Rust is not iron but an entirely different substance that consists of both iron and oxygen. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_383 | Different forms, or allotropes, of carbon are diamond, graphite, and what? | [
"ligands",
"carbonite",
"fullerenes",
"vesicles"
] | Different forms, or allotropes, of carbon are diamond, graphite, and fullerenes. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5522 | Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous? | [
"carbon",
"potassium",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen"
] | Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. What are these three groups?. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9235 | What type of stratified deposit is formed where lakes are covered by ice in the winter? | [
"tangles",
"glacier",
"telomeres",
"varves"
] | Several types of stratified deposits form in glacial regions but are not formed directly by the ice. Varves form where lakes are covered by ice in the winter. Dark, fine-grained clays sink to the bottom of the lake in winter. Melting ice in the spring brings running water that deposits lighter colored sands. Each alter... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10079 | Polychaetes make up a large and diverse group. which category do the majority of these worms fall into? | [
"amphibian",
"marine",
"carnivorous",
"terrestrial"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_3448 | What is the term for the relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed? | [
"symbiotic relationship",
"commensal relationship",
"combative relationship",
"parasitic relationship"
] | symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2844 | A major source of primary pollutants is the burning of oil and coal, which are types of what? | [
"erosion fuels",
"renewable fuels",
"greenhouse gases",
"fossil fuels"
] | Outdoor air pollution is made of chemical particles. When smoke or other pollutants enter the air, the particles found in the pollution mix with the air. Air is polluted when it contains many large toxic particles. Outdoor air pollution changes the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Primary pollutants are added... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2505 | Molds, pollen, and pet dander are examples of air pollution with what type of source? | [
"ecological",
"physical",
"chemical",
"biological"
] | Biological sources of air pollution include molds, pollen, and pet dander. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6397 | Where do radio waves lie on the electromagnetic spectrum? | [
"far left",
"middle",
"far right",
"top"
] | Courtesy of NASA. Radio waves lie at the far left of the electromagnetic spectrum . Public Domain. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4198 | What is the top layer of water farther from shore called? | [
"Tidal Zone",
"semimetal zone",
"Beach Zone",
"limnetic zone"
] | The top layer of water farther from shore is called the limnetic zone. There is enough light for photosynthesis and plenty of dissolved oxygen. However, dissolved nutrients tend not to be as plentiful as they are in the littoral zone. Producers here are mainly phytoplankton. A variety of zooplankton and fish also occup... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4642 | What are the two types of photoreceptors in the retina? | [
"holes and cones",
"circles and cones",
"rods and cones",
"images and cones"
] | Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? a. Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11334 | What causes cumulus clouds to grow upward? | [
"mantle currents",
"gas currents",
"moisture currents",
"convection currents"
] | Cumulus clouds are white and puffy. Convection currents make them grow upward and they may grow very tall. When they produce rain, they are called cumulonimbus. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7329 | Metals, metalloids, and nonmetals are the different classes of what? | [
"ions",
"elements",
"compounds",
"structures"
] | The classes of elements are metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. They are color-coded in the table. Blue stands for metals, orange for metalloids, and green for nonmetals. You can read about each of these three classes of elements later in the chapter, in the lesson "Classes of Elements. ". | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1913 | Common forms of what include light, chemical and heat, along with kinetic and potential? | [
"reactions",
"fuel",
"pressure",
"energy"
] | Energy can take several different forms. Common forms of energy include light, chemical, and heat energy. Other common forms are kinetic and potential energy. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11503 | What is the force pushing a rocket called? | [
"thrust",
"momentum",
"direction",
"friction"
] | Most halogens have a variety of important uses. A few are described in the Table below . | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8032 | Compared to red light, blue light has a shorter what? | [
"wavelength",
"gravity",
"absorption",
"life span"
] | Blue light has a shorter wavelength than red light. Which color has the higher frequency? Which moves faster in a vacuum?. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9363 | When the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent, we say that the solution is what? | [
"blended",
"empty",
"used",
"saturated"
] | When the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent, we say that the solution is saturated with solute. When less than the maximum amount of solute is dissolved in a given amount of solute, the solution is unsaturated. These terms are also qualitative terms because each solute has its own ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5125 | What's the name for the point reached at a ph of 7? | [
"acidic point",
"constriction point",
"analogous point",
"equivalence point"
] | As base is added to acid at the beginning of a titration, the pH rises very slowly. Nearer to the equivalence point, the pH begins to rapidly increase. If the titration is a strong acid with a strong base, the pH at the equivalence point is equal to 7. A bit past the equivalence point, the rate of change of the pH agai... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_436 | Dalton's law and henry's law both describe aspects of what type of exchange? | [
"energy",
"gas",
"electron",
"liquid"
] | 22.4 Gas Exchange The behavior of gases can be explained by the principles of Dalton’s law and Henry’s law, both of which describe aspects of gas exchange. Dalton’s law states that each specific gas in a mixture of gases exerts force (its partial pressure) independently of the other gases in the mixture. Henry’s law st... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6776 | What does the base of a nucleotide within dna consist of? | [
"nitrogen",
"protein",
"hydrogen",
"ribosomes"
] | It was known that DNA is composed of nucleotides , each of which contains a nitrogen-containing base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a phosphate group. In these nucleotides, there is one of the four possible bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) ( Figure below ). Adenine and guanine are ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9626 | What is the body system that digests food mechanically and chemically and absorbs nutrients? | [
"ingestion system",
"digestive system",
"metabolism system",
"internal system"
] | The digestive system is the body system that digests food mechanically and chemically and absorbs nutrients. The digestive system also eliminates solid food waste. The major organs of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. These organs make up the long tube called th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8845 | Biomass is the mass of biological what? | [
"organisms",
"proteins",
"tissues",
"lipids"
] | Biomass is the mass of biological organisms. It is usually used to describe the amount of organic matter in a trophic level of an ecosystem. Biomass production involves using organic matter ("biomass") from plants to create electricity. Using corn to make ethanol fuel is an example of biomass generated energy. Biomass ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10122 | Animals that are endotherms or ectotherms are distinguished by the ability to maintain a constant what? | [
"step temperature",
"body temperature",
"bearing temperature",
"Moving Tempature"
] | Endotherms and Ectotherms Animals can be divided into two groups: some maintain a constant body temperature in the face of differing environmental temperatures, while others have a body temperature that is the same as their environment and thus varies with the environment. Animals that do not control their body tempera... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8916 | In celsius, what is the temperature at which water freezes? | [
"100 degrees",
"32 degrees",
"zero degrees",
"absolute zero"
] | A: If calcium chloride dissolves in water, it breaks down into its ions (Ca 2+ and Cl - ). When water has ions dissolved in it, it has a lower freezing point. Pure water freezes at 0°C. With calcium and chloride ions dissolved in it, it won’t freeze unless the temperature reaches -29°C or lower. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1257 | What occurs when there is a sudden discharge of static electricity between a cloud and the ground? | [
"updraft",
"wind",
"rain",
"lightning"
] | Lightning occurs when there is a sudden discharge of static electricity between a cloud and the ground. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9098 | What happens to the recessive traits in the offspring of a hybridization? | [
"remain recessive",
"they dominate",
"they replicate",
"they disappear"
] | Upon compiling his results for many thousands of plants, Mendel concluded that the characteristics could be divided into expressed and latent traits. He called these, respectively, dominant and recessive traits. Dominant traits are those that are inherited unchanged in a hybridization. Recessive traits become latent, o... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1491 | What is produced when sulfur and oxygen combine? | [
"Basic Oxides",
"sulfur oxide",
"hydrogen oxide",
"Acidic oxides"
] | Sulfur oxides are produced when sulfur and oxygen combine. This happens when coal that contains sulfur burns. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2421 | What type of reproduction do fungi engage in? | [
"microscopic",
"ephemeral",
"sexual",
"asexual"
] | Through asexual reproduction , new organisms are produced that are genetically identical to the parent. That is, they have exactly the same DNA. Fungi reproduce asexually through three methods:. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4832 | What hormone controls milk production in mammary glands? | [
"melanin",
"dopamine",
"prolactin",
"pepsin"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9494 | What makes luminous dials glow in the dark? | [
"polymer substances",
"phosphorescent substances",
"devil substances",
"eerie substances"
] | Once excited, an atom or molecule will usually spontaneously de-excite quickly. (The electrons raised to higher levels are attracted to lower ones by the positive charge of the nucleus. ) Spontaneous de-excitation has a very short mean lifetime of −8 typically about 10 s . However, some levels have significantly longer... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11342 | Hiv is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its rna genome into what? | [
"ribosomes",
"atp",
"amino acid chains",
"dna"
] | Figure 17.5 Viruses can be complex in shape or relatively simple. This figure shows three relatively complex virions: the bacteriophage T4, with its DNA-containing head group and tail fibers that attach to host cells; adenovirus, which uses spikes from its capsid to bind to the host cells; and HIV, which uses glycoprot... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3817 | Gene therapy is a type of what kind of engineering? | [
"chemical engineering",
"electrical engineering",
"genetic engineering",
"mechanical engineering"
] | Biotechnology in Medicine and Agriculture It is easy to see how biotechnology can be used for medicinal purposes. Knowledge of the genetic makeup of our species, the genetic basis of heritable diseases, and the invention of technology to manipulate and fix mutant genes provides methods to treat the disease. Biotechnolo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4353 | At equilibrium reactants and what are equally abundant? | [
"proactives",
"products",
"results",
"minerals"
] | Reactants and products are equally abundant at equilibrium. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6204 | Where does oxygen enter the blood? | [
"in the liver",
"in the heart",
"in the veins",
"in the lungs"
] | D | null |
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