dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_6110 | What occurs when there is a sudden and large falling of rocks down a slope? | [
"earthquake",
"landslide",
"tsunami",
"avalanche"
] | Landslides are sudden and massive falls of rock down a slope. Landslides may be very destructive or even deadly. Slump and creep are slower types of mass wasting. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11600 | Food chewed evenly during mastication moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and this? | [
"pharynx",
"larynx",
"esophagus",
"trachea"
] | Food is chewed evenly during mastication Moisten and lubricate the lining of the mouth and pharynx. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7510 | The direction of prevailing winds determines the type of what that usually moves over an area? | [
"water mass",
"weather",
"air mass",
"storm"
] | The direction of prevailing winds determines which type of air mass usually moves over an area. For example, a west wind might bring warm moist air from over an ocean. An east wind might bring cold dry air from over a mountain range. Which wind prevails has a big effect on the climate. What if the prevailing winds are ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4599 | Chloroplasts, leucoplasts and chromoplasts are found in what type of cells? | [
"man-made cells",
"nitrogen cells",
"animal cells",
"plant cells"
] | A third difference between plant and animal cells is that plants have several kinds of organelles called plastids . And there are several different kinds of plastids in plant cells. For example, Chloroplasts are needed for photosynthesis, leucoplasts can store starch or oil, and brightly colored chromoplasts give some ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1737 | What type of energy is used when a roller coaster runs downhill? | [
"vibrational energy",
"kinetic energy",
"proportional energy",
"residual energy"
] | For some, the exciting part of a roller coaster is speeding down; for others it is the anticipation of climbing up. While the coaster is being towed up, it is having work done on it. The work done towing it to the top of the hill becomes potential energy stored in the coaster and that potential energy is converted to k... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2296 | An atom can be classified as a particular element based solely on its what? | [
"spectrum",
"ability",
"atomic number",
"light number"
] | The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element. An atom can be classified as a particular element based solely on its atomic number. For example, any atom with an atomic number of 8 (its nucleus contains 8 protons) is an oxygen atom, and any atom with a different nu... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9289 | What is a solid particle that is indestructible? | [
"nucleus",
"neutron",
"atom",
"quark"
] | Atoms are solid particles that are indestructible. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9609 | What is the only planet that rotates clockwise as viewed from its north pole? | [
"uranus",
"earth",
"mars",
"venus"
] | Venus is the only planet that rotates clockwise as viewed from its North Pole. All of the other planets rotate counterclockwise. Venus turns slowly, making only one turn every 243 days. This is longer than a year on Venus! It takes Venus only 225 days to orbit the Sun. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10650 | In which specific organs are hormonal cells located? | [
"mammary glands",
"endocrine glands",
"lymph nodes",
"spinal cord"
] | Hormones Maintaining homeostasis within the body requires the coordination of many different systems and organs. One mechanism of communication between neighboring cells, and between cells and tissues in distant parts of the body, occurs through the release of chemicals called hormones. Hormones are released into body ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3592 | What device is an electrochemical cell or series of cells that produces an electric current? | [
"generator",
"magnet",
"reactor",
"battery"
] | A battery is an electrochemical cell or series of cells that produces an electric current. In principle, any galvanic cell could be used as a battery. An ideal battery would never run down, produce an unchanging voltage, and be capable of withstanding environmental extremes of heat and humidity. Real batteries strike a... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5985 | The major classes of living members of this phylum include gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods? | [
"insects",
"mollusks",
"crustaceans",
"invertebrates"
] | There are approximately 160,000 living species and probably 70,000 extinct species of mollusks. They are typically divided into ten classes, of which two are extinct. The major classes of living mollusks include gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods ( Figure below ). | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8121 | What kind of energy does pyruvate have a lot of? | [
"chemical",
"thermal",
"nuclear",
"gravitational"
] | Pyruvate still contains a great deal of chemical energy. In fact, two pyruvate molecules contain most of the chemical energy from the original glucose molecule. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondria for complete breakdown by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain. If oxygen is not present, cells ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4215 | What is is a measurement of the force amplification of a machine? | [
"mechanical advantage",
"mechanical push",
"force multiplier",
"mechanical pull"
] | We use simple machines because they give us a mechanical advantage . Mechanical advantage is a measurement of the force amplification of a machine. In ideal machines, where there is no friction and the input work and output work are the same,. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8596 | Which part of the nephron collects wastes in the blood? | [
"tubule",
"waste sac",
"filter",
"vesicle"
] | The part of each nephron called the glomerulus is where blood in the capillaries is filtered. Excess water and wastes are filtered out of the blood. The tubule of the nephron collects these substances. Some of the water is reabsorbed. The remaining fluid is urine. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9928 | Glucose, fructose, and other sugars that have six carbons are called what? | [
"alcohols",
"fluxes",
"catalysts",
"hexoses"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10490 | What happens to volume as the temperature increases? | [
"volume increases",
"volume is unchanged",
"volume fluctuates",
"volume decreases"
] | The volume increases as the temperature increases. The result has three significant figures. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2000 | What is the name of the hollow nerve cord along the back of chordates? | [
"phloem",
"notochord",
"mesoderm",
"zetacord"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_2242 | What can be thought of as the fundamental unit of life? | [
"cell",
"atom",
"electron",
"ion"
] | It could easily be said that a cell is the fundamental unit of life, the smallest unit capable of life or the structural and functional unit necessary for life. But whatever it is, a cell is necessary for life. The Cell Biology chapter will discuss some of the fundamental properties of the cell, with lessons that inclu... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9951 | What are the rod-like structures made of short microtubules that play an important part in cellular division? | [
"mitochondria",
"cilia",
"centrioles",
"fibrils"
] | Centrioles are rod-like structures made of short microtubules. Nine groups of three microtubules make up each centriole. Two perpendicular centrioles make up the centrosome . Centrioles are very important in cellular division, where they arrange the mitotic spindles that pull the chromosome apart during mitosis. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_190 | Bacteria can be chemotrophs, which obtain what by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment? | [
"food",
"waste",
"energy",
"chemials"
] | Bacteria can also be chemotrophs. Chemosynthetic bacteria, or chemotrophs , obtain energy by breaking down chemical compounds in their environment. An example of one of these chemicals broken down by bacteria is nitrogen-containing ammonia. These bacteria are important because they help cycle nitrogen through the envir... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9568 | How do you test a hypothesis? | [
"conduct experiments",
"think of how they would work",
"write things on paper",
"ask a co-worker about it"
] | Conduct experiments or make observations to test the hypothesis. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11034 | Where do ectotherms get most of their heat? | [
"internally",
"metabolism",
"external sources",
"food"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_7418 | The core of a star collapses during what event, forming a neutron star? | [
"supernova",
"spark",
"gravitational",
"blast"
] | The average particle energy needed to observe 19 GeV . (a) What unification of forces is estimated to be 10 is the rest mass in kilograms of a particle that has a rest mass 19 of 10 GeV/c 2 ? (b) How many times the mass of a hydrogen atom is this? 14. The peak intensity of the CMBR occurs at a wavelength of 1.1 mm. (a)... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9796 | What type of gas is produced by alcoholic fermentation of the glucose in corn or other plants? | [
"ethyl",
"methanol",
"ethanol",
"isopropyl"
] | Have your parents ever put corn in the gas tank of their car? They did if they used gas containing ethanol. Ethanol is produced by alcoholic fermentation of the glucose in corn or other plants. This type of fermentation also explains why bread dough rises. Yeasts in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce ca... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3186 | Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur are basic elements that form what type of compounds, which are vital to life? | [
"amino acids",
"inorganic compounds",
"organic compounds",
"hydrocarbons"
] | In just the right combinations, you get life. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur. Some of the most basic of elements, but some of the most important. Together they can form countless combinations of organic compounds. And in just the right combinations, anything can happen. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2144 | Learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while is associated with what kind of learning? | [
"association",
"dissociation",
"habituation",
"assimilation"
] | Habituation is learning to get used to something after being exposed to it for a while. Habituation usually involves getting used to something that is annoying or frightening, but not dangerous. Habituation is one of the simplest ways of learning. It occurs in just about every species of animal. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6574 | Programmed cell death is also known as? | [
"suicide",
"apoptosis",
"necrosis",
"sepsis"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_11604 | What's the best way humans can conserve water? | [
"boil it",
"use more",
"salt it",
"use less"
] | The water supply can be harmed in two major ways. The water can be polluted, and it can be overused. Protecting the water supply must address both problems. We need to reduce how much pollution ends up in the water supply—keeping water from being polluted is easier and cheaper than cleaning it. We need to treat water t... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5492 | What do we call a device used to store electric charge? | [
"capacitor",
"battery",
"amplifier",
"charger"
] | 19.5 Capacitors and Dielectrics A capacitor is a device used to store electric charge. Capacitors have applications ranging from filtering static out of radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators. Typically, commercial capacitors have two conducting parts close to one another, but not touching, such as t... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11538 | What three rs represent the steps that you personally can take to conserve our natural resources and minimize waste? | [
"remove, reduce, reuse",
"reduce, reuse, recycle",
"reduce, reuse, re-educate",
"rinse, reuse, recycle"
] | Reduce, reuse, and recycle. There are steps that you personally can take to conserve our natural resources and reduce waste. The waste that an individual creates is small in proportion to all the waste produced by society. Yet all small contributions, when added up, make a difference. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7135 | What happens to the reaction rate over the course of a reaction? | [
"stays the same",
"slows down",
"speeds up",
"reverses"
] | At the beginning of the reaction, only the reactants A and B are present. Recall that over the course of a reaction, the reaction rate slows down. This is because the rate depends on the concentrations of one or more reactants. As the reactants are used up, their concentrations drop, thus decreasing the reaction rate. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2815 | What is the term for the movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion? | [
"diffusion",
"convection",
"Transfusion",
"condensation"
] | 12.7 Molecular Transport Phenomena: Diffusion, Osmosis, and Related Processes Diffusion There is something fishy about the ice cube from your freezer—how did it pick up those food odors? How does soaking a sprained ankle in Epsom salt reduce swelling? The answer to these questions are related to atomic and molecular tr... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_223 | What are the two types of vesicle transport called? | [
"epithelium and exocytosis",
"dielectric and exocytosis",
"eptocytosis and exocytosis",
"endocytosis and exocytosis"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_9717 | What is the term for a pure substance that possesses unique properties and cannot be broken down into other substances? | [
"alloy",
"plastic",
"light",
"element"
] | An element is pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. Each element has a particular set of properties that, taken together, distinguish it from all other elements. Table below lists the major elements in the human body. As you can see, you consist mainly of the elements oxygen, carbon, and hydr... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10021 | Objects moving at different speeds, in different directions have different what? | [
"electrons",
"protons",
"velocities",
"vibrations"
] | Objects have the same velocity only if they are moving at the same speed and in the same direction. Objects moving at different speeds, in different directions, or both have different velocities. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4306 | What is the ring of hooks tapeworms use to attach themselves? | [
"flagella",
"dewlap",
"scolex",
"cilia"
] | Tapeworms and flukes have suckers and other structures for feeding on a host. Tapeworms also have a scolex , a ring of hooks on their head to attach themselves to the host (see Figure below ). Unlike other invertebrates, tapeworms lack a mouth and digestive system. Instead, they absorb nutrients directly from the host’... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2190 | Fishes were the earliest example of what subphylum, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these? | [
"mammals",
"ferns",
"vertebrates",
"grasses"
] | Fishes Modern fishes include an estimated 31,000 species. Fishes were the earliest vertebrates, and jawless fishes were the earliest of these. Jawless fishes—the present day hagfishes and lampreys—have a distinct cranium and complex sense organs including eyes, distinguishing them from the invertebrate chordates. The j... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9664 | Platelets play a role in what cascade of reactions that converts plasma fibrinogen to fibrin? | [
"sickle cell anemia",
"blood clotting",
"hemophilia",
"bleeding"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_9272 | What function does the longer flagellae perform in dinoflagellates? | [
"defends",
"attacks",
"grasps",
"propels"
] | 22.11.5 Pyrrophytes Pyrrophytes are unicellular, photosynthetic, and mostly aquatic. They have protective coats composed of stiff cellulose. They are more easily identifiable, due to the presence of two flagellae. The longer flagellae propels the dinoflagellate, while the second shorter, flatter flagellae functions as ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5232 | The eardrum is part of what part of the ear? | [
"outer",
"thin",
"main",
"inner"
] | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_795 | The periodic table is one of the cornerstones of chemistry because it organizes all the known elements on the basis of their what? | [
"acid properties",
"liquid properties",
"chemical properties",
"size properties"
] | The periodic table is one of the cornerstones of chemistry because it organizes all the known elements on the basis of their chemical properties. A modern version is shown in Figure 2.7 "A Modern Periodic Table". Most periodic tables provide additional data (such as atomic mass) in a box that contains each element’s sy... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4363 | The a in atp is short for what? | [
"acetic",
"amino",
"adenosine",
"acid"
] | Let’s take a closer look at a molecule of ATP. Although it carries less energy than glucose, its structure is more complex. “A” in ATP refers to the majority of the molecule – adenosine – a combination of a nitrogenous base and a five-carbon sugar. “T” and “P” indicate the three phosphates, linked by bonds which hold t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6722 | What are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan? | [
"amoeba",
"protozoa",
"bacteria",
"viruses"
] | Bacteria are surrounded by a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan . This complex molecule consists of sugars and amino acids. The cell wall is important for protecting bacteria. The cell wall is so important that some antibiotics, such as penicillin, kill bacteria by preventing the cell wall from forming. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2008 | What is the condition called where pimples form on the skin? | [
"dermatitis",
"blushing",
"cramping",
"acne"
] | About 85 percent of teens develop acne, like the boy in Figure below . Acne is a condition in which pimples form on the skin. It is caused by a bacterial infection. It happens when the sebaceous glands secrete too much sebum. The excess oil provides a good place for bacteria to grow. Keeping the skin clean helps preven... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5592 | Mammals generally lack a cloaca and have a separate opening for the what? | [
"physical tract",
"digestive tract",
"tissues tract",
"urinary tract"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8463 | Phospholipids and some proteins move laterally within what? | [
"membrane",
"liquids",
"nuclei",
"particles"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8610 | Ash that enters the air naturally as a result of a volcano eruption is classified as what kind of pollutant? | [
"secondary pollutant",
"natural pollutant",
"thick pollutant",
"primary pollutant"
] | Primary pollutants enter the air directly. Some are released by natural processes, like ash from volcanoes. Most are released by human activities. They pour into the air from vehicles and smokestacks. Several of these pollutants are described below. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1517 | The sternum and 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages make up what? | [
"heart cage",
"chest cage",
"thoracic cage",
"the core"
] | Figure 7.32 Thoracic Cage The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The ribs are classified as true ribs (1–7) and false ribs (8–1... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10460 | In science, what process produces evidence that helps answer questions and solve problems? | [
"information",
"investigation",
"suspension",
"manipulation"
] | Investigation is at the heart of science. It is how scientists do research. Scientific investigations produce evidence that helps answer questions and solve problems. If the evidence cannot provide answers or solutions, it may still be useful. It may lead to new questions or problems for investigation. As more knowledg... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11164 | What structure is the site of all of the basic biochemical processes that keep organisms alive? | [
"cell",
"Element",
"particle",
"Atom"
] | The cell is the site of all of the basic biochemical processes that keep organisms alive. To do its work, the cell needs substances such as oxygen, water, and glucose. The cell also must get rid of substances, including wastes such as carbon dioxide. In addition, harmful substances must be kept out of the cell. Control... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9304 | What basic plant structures generally have large surface areas and high surface-to-volume ratios? | [
"leaves",
"stems",
"roots",
"flowers"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11195 | What is another name for mother of pearl? | [
"enamel",
"pigment",
"nacre",
"calcium"
] | Mother of pearl is also known as nacre. Nacre is the iridescent inner shell layer. It can be found in buttons, watch faces, knives, guns, and jewelry. It is also used to decorate various musical instruments. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_740 | What should you let liquid waste do before placing the container in the trash? | [
"melt",
"expand",
"generate",
"evaporate"
] | Always properly dispose of hazardous waste. For example, let liquid waste evaporate before placing the container in the trash. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1325 | Which process or force pulls rocks apart? | [
"tactile stress",
"friction stress",
"tension stress",
"composition stress"
] | Tension stress pulls rocks apart. Tension causes rocks to lengthen or break apart. Tension is the major type of stress found at divergent plate boundaries. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4351 | What is another term for the parabolic motion of a thrown object? | [
"simple motion",
"newtonian motion",
"regular motion",
"projectile motion"
] | In this chapter, we aim to understand and explain the parabolic motion of a thrown object, known as projectile motion. Motion in one direction is unrelated to motion in other perpendicular directions. Once the object has been thrown, the only acceleration is in the (up/down) direction. The (right/left) direction veloci... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8720 | On top of the otolithic membrane is a layer of calcium carbonate crystals, called what? | [
"otoliths",
"gonads",
"cones",
"calcites"
] | Equilibrium (Balance) Along with audition, the inner ear is responsible for encoding information about equilibrium, the sense of balance. A similar mechanoreceptor—a hair cell with stereocilia—senses head position, head movement, and whether our bodies are in motion. These cells are located within the vestibule of the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2900 | Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of what in the blood? | [
"protein",
"plasma",
"sugar",
"water"
] | Diabetes is a non-infectious disease in which the body is unable to control the amount of sugar in the blood. People with diabetes have high blood sugar, either because their bodies do not produce enough insulin, or because their cells do not respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells take up sugar from ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5637 | What does the distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between? | [
"production and precision",
"Aim and precision",
"equilibrium and precision",
"accuracy and precision"
] | The distribution of darts on a dartboard shows the difference between accuracy and precision. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9689 | After the amino acid molecule has been bound to its what, protein synthesis can take place? | [
"dna molecule",
"base",
"RNA receptor",
"trna carrier"
] | How can a molecule containing just 4 different nucleotides specify the sequence of the 20 amino acids that occur in proteins? If each nucleotide coded for 1 amino acid, then obviously the nucleic acids could code for only 4 amino acids. What if amino acids were coded for by groups of 2 nucleotides? There are 42, or 16,... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3228 | When waves are reflected at the same angle, what is it called? | [
"angle of reflection",
"phenomenon of reflection",
"field of view",
"refraction"
] | Reflected waves have the same speed and frequency as the original waves before they were reflected. However, the direction of the reflected waves is different. When waves strike an obstacle head on, the reflected waves bounce straight back in the direction they came from. When waves strike an obstacle at any other angl... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11562 | A unique type of organism is also known as what? | [
"parasites",
"taxonomy",
"element",
"species"
] | A species is a unique type of organism. Members of a species can interbreed and produce offspring that can breed (they are fertile). Organisms that are not in the same species cannot do this. Examples of species include humans, lions, and redwood trees. Can you name other examples?. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11007 | Like sharks, nearly the entire human skeleton during a specific pre-birth developmental stage is made of what connective tissue? | [
"cartilage",
"collagen",
"phloem",
"chloroplasm"
] | Cartilage Cartilage is a connective tissue with a large amount of the matrix and variable amounts of fibers. The cells, called chondrocytes, make the matrix and fibers of the tissue. Chondrocytes are found in spaces within the tissue called lacunae. A cartilage with few collagen and elastic fibers is hyaline cartilage,... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11647 | Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more what? | [
"abundant",
"active",
"inactive",
"dense"
] | The density of air varies from place to place. Air density depends on several factors. One is temperature. Like other materials, warm air is less dense than cool air. Since warmer molecules have more energy, they are more active. The molecules bounce off each other and spread apart. Another factor that affects the dens... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5531 | What color light is actually the absence of electromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum, for humans? | [
"ultraviolet light",
"infrared light",
"black light",
"blue light"
] | The visible range of light (i. e. the range of wavelengths that our eyes can detect) is a very narrow piece of the full EM spectrum. In the visible range our eyes differentiate between the different wavelengths by producing ‘color’ for them. When we observe something that is green, it is green to us, because the wavele... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1895 | What is used to prevent some infectious diseases? | [
"pathogens",
"pesticides",
"vaccines",
"radiation"
] | Vaccines are available for some infectious diseases. For example, there are vaccines to prevent measles, mumps, whooping cough, and chicken pox. These vaccines are recommended for infants and young children. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5075 | How are protists traditionally classified? | [
"sponges, fungi and bacteria",
"carnivorous or herbivorous",
"animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like",
"organic and inorganic"
] | Protists are traditionally classified as animal-like, plant-like, or fungi-like. You will read more about each of these types of protists in the next lesson. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5569 | The kidneys work with the urinary system to remove what? | [
"water",
"ions",
"wastes",
"nutrients"
] | The kidneys play many vital roles in homeostasis . They work with many other organ systems to do this. For example, they work with the circulatory system to filter blood, and with the urinary system to remove wastes. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4828 | In which way do vertebrates reproduce? | [
"sexually",
"unisexually",
"bisexually",
"asexually"
] | Vertebrates reproduce sexually, and almost all of them have separate male and female sexes. Generally, aquatic species have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species have internal fertilization. Can you think of a reason why aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates differ in this way?. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5186 | The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for? | [
"movement",
"childbirth",
"breathing",
"adulthood"
] | cells. The ovaries produce estradiol and progesterone, which cause secondary sex characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3567 | Within a bud, what is spaced close together because the internodes are very short? | [
"leaves",
"stems",
"roots",
"chordae"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_4577 | What usually causes fractures on a bone? | [
"shear stress",
"compressive stress",
"excessive bending stress",
"extra weight"
] | Even though they are very strong, bones can fracture , or break. Fractures can happen at different places on a bone. They are usually caused by excess bending stress on the bone. Bending stress is what causes a pencil to break if you bend it too far. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10342 | Most people can survive only a few days without what essential substance? | [
"food",
"carbon",
"air",
"water"
] | Water is essential to life because biochemical reactions take place in water. Most people can survive only a few days without water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4522 | What is the study of structure, properties, and interactions of matter? | [
"geology",
"biology",
"petrology",
"chemistry"
] | Chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, and interactions of matter. Important concepts in chemistry include physical changes, such as water freezing, and chemical reactions, such as fireworks exploding. Chemistry concepts can answer all the questions on the left page of the notebook in Figure below . Do yo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6694 | The distance of stars is measured in what terms, meaning the light takes many thousands of years to reach us? | [
"light years",
"light decades",
"light hours",
"light months"
] | Viewing distant stars is looking back in time. The stars we see are many thousands of light years away, which means the light takes many thousands of years to reach us. Thus the stars we see in the sky are how they looked thousands of years ago. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4659 | Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of? | [
"infection",
"contagion",
"disease",
"children being affected"
] | A genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation can be inherited. Therefore, people with a genetic disorder in their family may be concerned about having children with the disorder. Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of their children being affected. If they decide to have chil... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11524 | What happens when turgid cells in a nonwoody tissue push against each other? | [
"the tissue stiffens",
"the tissue dies",
"the tissue melts",
"the tissues merge"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_4101 | Light reactions occur during which stage of photosynthesis? | [
"first stage",
"intermediate stage",
"third stage",
"final stage"
] | The light reactions occur in the first stage of photosynthesis. This stage takes place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. In the light reactions, energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll. This energy is temporarily transferred to two molecules: ATP and NADPH. These molecules are used to store the ene... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2832 | Many cancers, as well as autism, are thought to have what component, which is certainly a factor in asthma? | [
"emotional",
"critical",
"environmental",
"ecological"
] | Does everyone who smokes develop lung cancer? No, of course not. Is it possible to get lung cancer without smoking? Sadly, yes it is. That's not to say there is no relationship between the two: smoking is still the leading cause of lung cancer. But it does suggest that a person's genetic background has a role in this p... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1855 | What kind of muscle is responsible for hollow organs contracting? | [
"smooth muscle",
"rough muscle",
"micro muscle",
"tough muscle"
] | Smooth muscles and cardiac muscles are not attached to bone. Recall that these types of muscles are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, or the uterus. Like skeletal muscles, smooth muscle fibers d... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3333 | Commensalism, mutualism, and parasitism are known as what type of relationships? | [
"simple",
"symbiotic",
"peculiar",
"various"
] | 19.4 Community Ecology Communities include all the different species living in a given area. The variety of these species is referred to as biodiversity. Many organisms have developed defenses against predation and herbivory, including mechanical defenses, warning coloration, and mimicry. Two species cannot exist indef... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11 | What is controlled by both genes and experiences in a given envionment? | [
"learned behaviors",
"instincts",
"reflexes",
"animal behaviors"
] | Most animal behaviors are controlled by both genes and experiences in a given environment. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10143 | Said to go hand-in-hand with science, what evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented? | [
"technology",
"biology",
"invention",
"industry"
] | Technology evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7042 | What type of orbitals do electrons in successive atoms on the periodic table tend to fill first? | [
"low-energy",
"orbital lobes",
"outer orbitals",
"high energy"
] | Electrons in successive atoms on the periodic table tend to fill low-energy orbitals first. Thus, many students find it confusing that, for example, the 5p orbitals fill immediately after the 4d, and immediately before the 6s. The filling order is based on observed experimental results, and has been confirmed by theore... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2123 | Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to? | [
"the sun",
"saturn",
"mars",
"the moon"
] | Earth goes through regular changes in its position relative to the Sun. Its orbit changes slightly. Earth also wobbles on its axis of rotation. The planet also changes the tilt on its axis. These changes can affect Earth’s temperature. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1645 | What is the smallest unit of matter that still maintains it's properties of being an element? | [
"an atom",
"an electron",
"a proton",
"a cell"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_1773 | Cellulose is the main structural component of what part of the plant cell, and makes up over thirty percent of plant matter? | [
"roots",
"cell wall",
"proteins wall",
"flowers"
] | Figure 31.3 Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over thirty percent of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Plants are able to make their own cellulose, but need carbon from the soil to do so. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_185 | What is the minimum mass capable of supporting sustained fission called? | [
"baseline mass",
"critical mass",
"particular mass",
"concentrated mass"
] | U92235 + n01® B56141a + K3692r + 3n01 This hypothesis was confirmed by detecting the krypton-92 fission product. As discussed in Section 20.2 "Nuclear Reactions", the nucleus usually divides asymmetrically rather than into two equal parts, and the fission of a given nuclide does not give the same products every time. I... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8505 | Surface tension forces between moleculse cause the surface of liquid to contract to what? | [
"Weak Surface area",
"typically surface area",
"strongest surface area",
"smallest surface area"
] | Surface Tension Cohesive forces between molecules cause the surface of a liquid to contract to the smallest possible surface area. This general effect is called surface tension. Molecules on the surface are pulled inward by cohesive forces, reducing the surface area. Molecules inside the liquid experience zero net forc... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3762 | What can be combined with an amine to form an amide? | [
"carbon dioxide",
"carboxylic acid",
"ketones",
"acetic acid"
] | An amide can be formed by combining a carboxylic acid and an amine. Only primary and secondary amines can be used to form amides, since they have a hydrogen that can be replaced with the carbonyl carbon; tertiary amines will not form amides. The amide shown in the Figure above was formed from a carboxylic acid and a pr... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10411 | Differences in fitness among different members of a population can lead to what kind of selection? | [
"subliminal selection",
"fluid selection",
"natural selection",
"origin selection"
] | Natural selection occurs when there are differences in fitness among members of a population. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11363 | What diagram is used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms? | [
"conceptual tree",
"relationships tree",
"phylogenetic tree",
"biodiversity tree"
] | Classification and Phylogeny Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and relationships between organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organisms. The hierarchical classification of groups nested within... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9803 | What is found in abundance in the polar ice caps and under the surface of mars? | [
"fossils",
"bacteria",
"carbon",
"water"
] | There is a lot of water ice in the polar ice caps and under the surface of Mars. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10211 | What is an involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave called? | [
"esophagus",
"apoptosis",
"peristalsis",
"ruptured nerve"
] | The organs of the GI tract are lined with mucous membranes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients. The organs are also covered by layers of muscle that enable peristalsis. Peristalsis is an involuntary muscle contraction that moves rapidly along an organ like a wave (see Figure below ). You can watch an an... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10292 | Peroxisomes perform a couple of different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. in contrast to the digestive enzymes found in lysosomes, the enzymes within peroxisomes serve to transfer hydrogen atoms from various molecules to oxygen, producing what? | [
"hydrogen",
"hydrogen peroxide",
"water",
"calcium"
] | Peroxisomes Like lysosomes, a peroxisome is a membrane-bound cellular organelle that contains mostly enzymes (Figure 3.17). Peroxisomes perform a couple of different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. In contrast to the digestive enzymes found in lysosomes, the enzymes within peroxisomes... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_375 | Animals require air, water, and what in order to live and survive? | [
"mates",
"shade",
"food?",
"time"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4020 | Digestive enzymes, including which enzyme, start breaking down starches into sugars? | [
"amylase",
"cortisol",
"melatonin",
"triglyceride"
] | Once you start eating, saliva wets the food, which makes it easier to break up and swallow. Digestive enzymes, including the enzyme amylase, start breaking down starches into sugars. Your tongue helps mix the food with the saliva and enzymes. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_802 | What change the physical properties of solvents? | [
"solutes",
"cells",
"molecules",
"chemical reactions"
] | Solutes change the physical properties of solvents. They lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of solvents. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1615 | Glutathione is a low-molecular-weight compound found in living cells that is produced naturally by what? | [
"liver",
"amino acids",
"blood",
"brain"
] | Glutathione is a low-molecular-weight compound found in living cells that is produced naturally by the liver. Healthcare providers give glutathione intravenously to prevent side effects of chemotherapy and to prevent kidney problems. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8054 | Focused on evolution, the studies of what man have reshaped and influenced all aspects of biology? | [
"Linnaeus",
"charles darwin",
"Albert Einstein",
"scopes"
] | Evolution focuses on past life forms and how they turned into present life forms. The history of life on Earth demonstrates how the first cells formed, turned into simple life forms, and then became more complex plants and animals. The studies of Charles Darwin have reshaped and influenced all aspects of biology. The m... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4025 | Tropical, temperate, continental, and polar are all examples of what? | [
"land formations",
"deserts",
"lakes",
"climates"
] | Climate types are based on temperature and precipitation. A major climate type and its living things make up a biome. Climate types include tropical, temperate, continental, and polar climates. | D | null |
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