dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_2702 | What is a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone? | [
"amino acid",
"polymer",
"carbohydrate",
"phospholipid"
] | Figure 3.19 A phospholipid is a molecule with two fatty acids and a modified phosphate group attached to a glycerol backbone. The phosphate may be modified by the addition of charged or polar chemical groups. Two chemical groups that may modify the phosphate, choline and serine, are shown here. Both choline and serine ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2765 | What connects the two hemispheres of the brain? | [
"holy callosum",
"disruption callosum",
"The brain stem",
"corpus callosum"
] | The Brain The brain is the part of the central nervous system that is contained in the cranial cavity of the skull. It includes the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, and retinas. The outermost part of the brain is a thick piece of nervous system tissue called ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5774 | A system of glands secretes what chemical messenger molecules into the blood? | [
"hormones",
"metabolytes",
"enzymes",
"acids"
] | system of glands that secrete chemical messenger molecules called hormones into the blood. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_844 | Fog disappears when the water droplets change back to what? | [
"solid vapor",
"water vapor",
"cold vapor",
"ice vapor"
] | The water droplets of fog form from water vapor in the air. Fog disappears when the water droplets change back to water vapor. These changes are examples of changes of state. A change of state occurs whenever matter changes from one state to another. Common states of matter on Earth are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter m... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_591 | What is the base unit that frequency is typically measured in? | [
"watt",
"degrees",
"volume",
"hertz"
] | The frequency , , is the number of cycles an object goes through in 1 second. Frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hz = 1 cycle per sec. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_182 | Mushrooms are an example of what type of organism, which includes beneficial and toxic specimens? | [
"bacteria",
"spores",
"fungi",
"seeds"
] | Some of the best known types of fungi are mushrooms, which can be edible or poisonous ( Figure below ). Many species are grown commercially, but others are harvested from the wild. When you order a pizza with mushrooms or add them to your salad, you are most likely eating Agaricus bisporus , known as white or button mu... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2916 | What is the term for a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell? | [
"molecule",
"nucleolus",
"vacuole",
"organelle"
] | Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus. An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job in the cell. Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell. Organelles allow eukaryotic... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7398 | Warming conditions and, perhaps, human activities contributed to what fate of many organisms of the pleistocene era? | [
"overpopulation",
"evolution",
"extinction",
"accumulation"
] | Many of the organisms that made up the Pleistocene megafauna went extinct as conditions warmed. Some may have been driven to extinction by human activities. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8481 | Kangaroos, koala and opossums are part of what group? | [
"marsupials",
"cephalopods",
"monotremes",
"primates"
] | Marsupials. Marsupials include the kangaroo, koala, and opossum. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4926 | What do you call trees that lose their leaves in the fall and grow new ones in the spring? | [
"perennial",
"coniferous",
"fibrous",
"deciduous"
] | Humid continental climates are found between 40° and 60° north latitude. The northeastern U. S. has this type of climate. Summers are warm to hot, and winters are cold. Precipitation is moderate, and it falls year round. Deciduous trees grow in this climate ( Figure below ). They lose their leaves in the fall and grow ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4689 | What is the primary cause of air movement in the troposphere? | [
"asteroids",
"the ozone layer",
"solar winds",
"differences in heating"
] | Air movement takes place in the troposphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. The differences create convection currents and winds. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4420 | Darwin coined what term to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring? | [
"fitness",
"strength",
"momentum",
"metabolism"
] | Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the variations that are most useful. Therefore, he called this type of selection natural selection. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5368 | What is the opening in the front of the eye? | [
"the macula",
"the pupil",
"the iris",
"the cornea"
] | The pupil is an opening in the front of the eye. It looks black because it doesn’t reflect any light. It allows light to enter the eye. The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8792 | Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of what? | [
"much substances",
"different vapors",
"Different Liquids",
"different substances"
] | The properties of matter, both physical and chemical, depend on the substances that matter is made of. Matter can exist either as a pure substance or as a combination of different substances. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3284 | Which species in class insecta has three body segments, six jointed legs, and multiple head appendages? | [
"arachnid",
"sauropod",
"arthropod",
"mollusc"
] | arthropod in Class Insecta that has three body segments, six jointed legs, and multiple head appendages. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11395 | A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several what? | [
"centuries",
"generations",
"events",
"organisms"
] | A pedigree is a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations. A pedigree is commonly created for families, as it can be used to outlines the inheritance patterns of familial traits or genetic disorders. It can be used to demonstrate autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, or sex-linked inh... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10309 | What is the nervous tissue in the brain and in the rest of the nervous system made up of? | [
"neurons",
"plastic",
"ions",
"electrons"
] | Nervous tissue is made up of neurons , or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10243 | Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macroscopic particles—something we expect, because they are the smallest what? | [
"depth of matter",
"battalions of matter",
"regiments of matter",
"units of matter"
] | 29.4 Photon Momentum Measuring Photon Momentum The quantum of EM radiation we call a photon has properties analogous to those of particles we can see, such as grains of sand. A photon interacts as a unit in collisions or when absorbed, rather than as an extensive wave. Massive quanta, like electrons, also act like macr... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10918 | What can be looked at to see a record of how horses evolved? | [
"fossil records",
"pattern records",
"erosion records",
"carbon dating"
] | Evolution of the Horse. The fossil record reveals how horses evolved. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3007 | Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals? | [
"lifespans",
"pathogens",
"elements",
"genetics"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4217 | What is harmless water vapor, for a powerplant? | [
"plasma",
"wind",
"steam",
"fog"
] | Steam rises from the cooling towers of this nuclear power plant. The steam is only harmless water vapor. Unlike a power plant that burns fossil fuel, a nuclear power plant doesn’t release pollution into the air. That’s because a nuclear power plant produces power by nuclear fission, a type of nuclear reaction. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6149 | A mycorrhiza refers to what kind of relationship between a fungus and the roots of a plant? | [
"predator-prey",
"symbiotic",
"familial",
"semantic"
] | A mycorrhiza (Greek for "fungus roots") is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. In a mycorrhizal association, the fungus may colonize the roots of a host plant by either growing directly into the root cells, or by growing around the root cells. This association provides the fungus with rel... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9835 | In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion, while the energy of position is called what? | [
"mechanical energy",
"potential energy",
"thermal energy",
"magnetic energy"
] | The Role of Energy in Chemical Reactions Chemical reactions require a sufficient amount of energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine you ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8450 | What do ferns use in place of seeds to reproduce? | [
"atoms",
"toxins",
"spores",
"glands"
] | Seedless vascular plants include plants such as ferns. You can see a fern in Figure below . Ferns reproduce with spores instead of seeds. The black dots on the back of the fern leaf in Figure below are spores. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2532 | The distance between the crests of electromagnetic waves is called what? | [
"trough",
"wavelength",
"variation",
"crest"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_6396 | Through which artery does blood enter the kidneys? | [
"thoracic artery",
"cerebral artery",
"jugular",
"renal artery"
] | Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery, which branches into capillaries. When blood passes through capillaries of the glomerulus of a nephron, blood pressure forces some of the water and dissolved substances in the blood to cross the capillary walls into Bowman’s capsule. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8064 | The mars rover collected round clumps of crystals that, on earth, usually form in what? | [
"rocks",
"water",
"volcanoes",
"air"
] | The ice ages were very recent as Earth history goes. The animals are familiar, but they're still very different from modern ones. For one thing, most of them were huge. A small surface area-to-volume ratio is better for keeping warm (less surface to lose heat from). Although the dominant animals were mammals, the Pleis... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4772 | How do most reptiles produce? | [
"asexually",
"occasionally",
"sexually",
"biologically"
] | Most reptiles reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Males have one or two penises that pass sperm from their cloaca to the cloaca of a female. Fertilization occurs within the cloaca, and fertilized eggs leave the female’s body through the opening in the cloaca. In a minority of species, the eggs are retai... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11305 | What is the type of volcano with a tall cone shape that you picture when picturing a volcano? | [
"composite",
"active",
"advanced",
"inactive"
] | A composite volcano forms the tall cone shape you usually think of when you think of a volcano. Shield volcanoes are huge, gently sloping volcanoes. Cinder cones are small, cone-shaped volcanoes. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10922 | The wavelength of a what type of wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent compressions? | [
"lateral",
"vertical",
"horizontal",
"longitudinal"
] | The wavelength of a transverse wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent crests. The wavelength of a longitudinal wave can be measured as the distance between two adjacent compressions. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_123 | In a glass of sweet tea the sugar is known as the solute and the water is known as what? | [
"pigment",
"calcium",
"solvent",
"solid"
] | If you’re like Tanya in this picture, you prefer your iced tea sweetened with sugar. Sweetened iced tea is a solution in which solid sugar (the solute) is dissolved in cold liquid tea, which is mostly water (the solvent). When you add sugar to tea, particles of water pull apart particles of sugar. The particles of suga... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8778 | When does a caldera form? | [
"when faults form",
"before an eruption",
"after a hurricane",
"after an eruption"
] | A caldera forms after a massive eruption. The top of the volcano collapses, forming a basin. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1842 | When a plant has what deficiency, guard cells may lose turgor and close stomata? | [
"cold",
"water",
"light",
"air"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_9510 | If a sperm fertilizes an egg of a seed plant, the zygote grows into what? | [
"progeny embryo",
"homostatic embyro",
"sporophyte embryo",
"pulsation embryo"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5095 | During meiosis, each parent synthesizes gametes that contain only half of their complement of what? | [
"chromosomes",
"receptors",
"atoms",
"neutrons"
] | The Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance was consistent with Mendel’s laws and was supported by the following observations: • During meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs migrate as discrete structures that are independent of other chromosome pairs. • The sorting of chromosomes from each homologous pair into pre-gametes ap... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4006 | What is the study of viruses called? | [
"immunology",
"virology",
"biotechnology",
"microbiology"
] | The life sciences are so complex that most scientists focus on just one or two subspecialties. If you want to study insects, what would you be called? An entomologist. If you want to study the tiny things that give us the flu, then you need to enter the field of virology , the study of viruses. If you want to study the... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_275 | What is the resistance of a liquid to flow called? | [
"viscosity",
"permeability",
"elasticity",
"turbulence"
] | Viscosity (η) is the resistance of a liquid to flow. Some liquids, such as gasoline, ethanol, and water, flow very readily and hence have a low viscosity. Others, such as motor oil, molasses, and maple syrup, flow very slowly and have a high viscosity. The two most common methods for evaluating the viscosity of a liqui... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1961 | What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed? | [
"difference of energy",
"deposit of energy",
"conservation of force",
"conservation of energy"
] | In any chemical reaction, there is no overall change in the amount of energy. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the law of conservation of energy. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2984 | Structurally, diplomonads have two equal-sized what and multiple flagella? | [
"nuclei",
"neutrons",
"atoms",
"electrons"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8332 | What term describes the application of knowledge to real-world problems and is practiced by engineers? | [
"mechanisms",
"technology",
"invention",
"science"
] | Technology is the application of knowledge to real-world problems. Engineers are professionals in technology. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3338 | What is the chemical formula for a glucose molecule? | [
"d5 h12 o6",
"H2 C3 NA6",
"c6 h12 o6",
"a5 h12 o6"
] | The sugar glucose is a covalent compound. When sugar dissolves in water, it forms individual glucose molecules (C 6 H 12 O 6 ). You can see how this happens in the Figure below . Sugar is polar like water, so sugar molecules also have positive and negative ends. Forces of attraction between oppositely charged ends of w... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8004 | Root systems are mainly of two types. dicots have a tap root system, while monocots have a what? | [
"runner root system",
"fibrous root system",
"attaching root system",
"long root system"
] | Types of Root Systems Root systems are mainly of two types (Figure 30.15). Dicots have a tap root system, while monocots have a fibrous root system. A tap root system has a main root that grows down vertically, and from which many smaller lateral roots arise. Dandelions are a good example; their tap roots usually break... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2368 | Interneurons carry what back and forth between sensory and motor neurons? | [
"nerve impulses",
"electricity",
"sciatica",
"flux impulses"
] | Interneurons carry nerve impulses back and forth between sensory and motor neurons. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2054 | What bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions? | [
"Protonic",
"ionic",
"Electric",
"magnetic"
] | An ionic bond is the force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. Figure below shows how this happens. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2357 | What does urine leave the body through? | [
"urethra",
"uterus",
"vagina",
"colon"
] | Urine leaves the body through the urethra . | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4259 | Viroids are plant pathogens much simpler than what, but like them can reproduce only within a host cell? | [
"bacteria",
"parasites",
"viruses",
"pests"
] | Viroids Viroids are plant pathogens: small, single-stranded, circular RNA particles that are much simpler than a virus. They do not have a capsid or outer envelope, but like viruses can reproduce only within a host cell. Viroids do not, however, manufacture any proteins, and they only produce a single, specific RNA mol... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1801 | What is the ideal mechanical advantage in the single fixed pulley? | [
"4",
"2",
"1",
"zero"
] | In the single fixed pulley, only one rope segment pulls up on the load, so the ideal mechanical advantage is 1. In other words, this type of pulley doesn’t increase the force that is applied to it. However, it does change the direction of the force. This allows you to use your weight to pull on one end of the rope and ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9230 | What is the process of isolating a specific gene and then making a copy of it for use in gene therapy? | [
"gene copying",
"gene cloning",
"attribute cloning",
"gene treatment"
] | Gene cloning is the process of isolating and making copies of a gene. This is useful for many purposes. For example, gene cloning might be used to isolate and make copies of a normal gene for gene therapy. Gene cloning involves four steps: isolation, ligation, transformation, and selection. You can watch an interactive... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10046 | Van der waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve what? | [
"particles",
"dipoles",
"photons",
"atoms"
] | Van der Waals forces are weak interactions between molecules that involve dipoles. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_623 | Looking directly at what celestial object can cause blindness? | [
"earth",
"Moon",
"Haley's Comet",
"sun"
] | The Sun has many incredible surface features. Don't try to look at them, though! Looking directly at the Sun can cause blindness. Find the appropriate filters for a pair of binoculars or a telescope and enjoy!. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4216 | What branch of science is the study of the solid earth? | [
"ecology",
"palentology",
"geology",
"biology"
] | Geology is the study of the solid Earth. Geologists study how rocks and minerals form. The way mountains rise up is part of geology. The way mountains erode away is another part. Geologists also study fossils and Earth’s history. There are many other branches of geology. There is so much to know about our home planet t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10176 | Centrifuges use what to perform their task? | [
"magnetism",
"jets",
"inertia",
"absorption"
] | Figure 6.17 Centrifuges use inertia to perform their task. Particles in the fluid sediment come out because their inertia carries them away from the center of rotation. The large angular velocity of the centrifuge quickens the sedimentation. Ultimately, the particles will come into contact with the test tube walls, whi... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11072 | Most terrestrial vertebrates have what type of lungs? | [
"mechanical",
"extra",
"external",
"internal"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4292 | The bone matrix consists of tough protein fibers—mainly what? | [
"tissues",
"collagen",
"tendons",
"hemoglobin"
] | Many people think of bones as being dead, dry, and brittle. These adjectives correctly describe the bones of a preserved skeleton, but the bones in a living human being are very much alive. As shown in Figure below , the basic structure of bones is bone matrix , which forms the underlying rigid framework of bones, form... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1414 | Vertebrates differ from invertebrates because they lack this? | [
"backbone or a spinal column",
"legs",
"neck",
"head"
] | The first vertebrates evolved about 550 million years ago. The evolution of amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds occurred over the next 400 million years. The first vertebrates were ectotherms; endothermy evolved later. Modern fish, amphibians, and reptiles are ectotherms. Modern birds and mammals are endotherms. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_423 | The process of the cytoplasm splitting apart and the cell pinching in two is known as what? | [
"mitosis",
"electrolysis",
"budding",
"cytokinesis"
] | The cell wall grows toward the center of the cell. The cytoplasm splits apart, and the cell pinches in two. This is called cytokinesis . | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9227 | What are resources that don't run out? | [
"general resources",
"renewable resources",
"orbital resources",
"residual resources"
] | Renewable resources can be renewed as they are used. An example is timber , which comes from trees. New trees can be planted to replace those that are cut down. Sunlight is a renewable resource. It seems we will never run out of that! What are some other renewable resources?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6779 | Prior to ovulation, ovarian steroid hormones stimulate the uterus to prepare for support of what? | [
"fertilization",
"fetus",
"embryo",
"childbirth"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2432 | What type of reproduction produces offspring from a single parent that share the exact same genetic material as the parent? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"microscopic reproduction",
"sexual reproduction",
"mutation"
] | When humans reproduce, there are two parents involved. DNA must be passed from both the mother and father to the child. Humans cannot reproduce with just one parent; humans can only reproduce sexually. But having just one parent is possible in other eukaryotic organisms, including some insects, fish, and reptiles. Thes... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3561 | What is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water | [
"catalyst",
"isomer",
"base",
"acid"
] | A base is an ionic compound that produces negative hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and turn red litmus paper blue. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9027 | What do you call the regular changes in biology or behavior that occur in a 24-hour cycle? | [
"circadian rhythms",
"sleep rhythms",
"variable rhythms",
"cognitive rhythms"
] | Circadian rhythms are regular changes in biology or behavior that occur in a 24-hour cycle. In humans, for example, blood pressure and body temperature change in a regular way throughout each 24-hour day. Animals may eat and drink at certain times of day as well. Humans have daily cycles of behavior, too. Most people s... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5924 | What happens when alkanes are mixed with oxygen at room temperature? | [
"redox",
"combustion",
"single replacement",
"no reaction"
] | Neither positive ions nor negative ions are attracted to a nonpolar molecule. In fact, the alkanes undergo so few reactions that they are sometimes called paraffins, from the Latin parum affinis, meaning “little affinity. ” Two important reactions that the alkanes do undergo are combustion and halogenation. Nothing hap... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9301 | What is the term for the amount of space taken up by an object? | [
"volume",
"size",
"weight",
"mass"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_11227 | What is a thick, dark brown or black liquid found in rock layers of the earth's crust? | [
"propane",
"oil",
"fossil fuel",
"coal"
] | Oil is a thick, dark brown or black liquid. It is found in rock layers of Earth's crust. Oil is currently the most commonly used source of energy in the world. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5453 | Some animals prepare for the long winters by storing food and going dormant, a behavior called what? | [
"pollination",
"hibernation",
"gestation",
"resting"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_6891 | Which type of lava lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively? | [
"Felsic lava",
"Intermediate lava",
"mafic",
"Ultramafic lava"
] | Felsic lavas are more viscous and erupt explosively or do not erupt. Mafic lavas are less viscous and erupt effusively. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9944 | What organ lets us understand what we see, hear, or sense in other ways, and allows us to use language, learn, think, and remember? | [
"Kidneys",
"brain",
"bone",
"heart"
] | The brain is the organ that lets us understand what we see, hear, or sense in other ways. It also allows us to use language, learn, think, and remember. The brain controls the organs in our body and our movements as well. The brain consists of three main parts, the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem ( Figure ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1512 | In what do substances combine chemically to form a new substance? | [
"component",
"suspension",
"element",
"compound"
] | A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportion. This is different from a compound, which consists of substances in fixed proportions. The substances in a mixture also do not combine chemically to form a new substance, as they do in a compound. Instead, they just intermingle and keep their origin... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7803 | Muscle groups are controlled by what mechanism? | [
"motor cortex",
"cerebral cortex",
"activation energy",
"growth hormones"
] | Figure 35.22 Different parts of the motor cortex control different muscle groups. Muscle groups that are neighbors in the body are generally controlled by neighboring regions of the motor cortex as well. For example, the neurons that control finger movement are near the neurons that control hand movement. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5974 | Which types of compounds are more likely to burn easily? | [
"hydroxyl",
"covalent",
"salty",
"chlorophyll"
] | Many covalent compounds, especially those containing carbon and hydrogen, burn easily. In contrast, many ionic compounds do not burn. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6379 | What effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population? | [
"divergent",
"founder",
"pioneer",
"convergent"
] | Founder effect occurs when a few individuals start, or found, a new population. By chance, allele frequencies of the founders may be different from allele frequencies of the population they left. An example is described in the Figure below . | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3585 | What effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller, due to natural disaster or other cause? | [
"extinction effect",
"bottleneck effect",
"convergence effect",
"limitation effect"
] | Bottleneck effect occurs when a population suddenly gets much smaller. This might happen because of a natural disaster such as a forest fire. By chance, allele frequencies of the survivors may be different from those of the original population. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7814 | What type of metal is a good conductor of electricity? | [
"Aluminium",
"copper",
"zinc",
"Tin"
] | Copper is a good conductor of electricity. That's why electric wires are often made of copper. They are covered with a protective coating of plastic, which does not conduct electricity. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3761 | What do you call a simple machine consisting of a sloping surface that connects lower and higher elevations? | [
"wedge",
"jack",
"lever",
"inclined plane"
] | An inclined plane is a simple machine consisting of a sloping surface that connects lower and higher elevations. The ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane is always greater than 1. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5120 | The grasp reflex in humans is an example of what kind of behavior? | [
"inclination",
"trait",
"innate",
"habit"
] | One of the few innate behaviors in human beings is the grasp reflex. It occurs only in babies. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2738 | Duplicated chromosomes are composed of two sister what? | [
"nucleotides",
"eukaryotes",
"karyotypes",
"chromatids"
] | Duplicated chromosomes are composed of two sister chromatids. Chromosomes are compacted using a variety of mechanisms during certain stages of the cell cycle. Several classes of protein are involved in the organization and packing of the chromosomal DNA into a highly condensed structure. The condensing complex compacts... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7549 | What do herbivores eat? | [
"minerals",
"meat and plants",
"animals",
"plants"
] | Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat meat, and omnivores eat both. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8247 | Metals are elements that can conduct what? | [
"pollution",
"orchestras",
"cycle",
"electricity"
] | Metals are elements that can conduct electricity. Most elements are metals. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8878 | Liquefaction ccurs when the molecules of a gas are cooled to the point where they no longer possess sufficient kinetic energy to overcome what? | [
"bonding attractive forces",
"intermolecular attractive forces",
"gravitational attractive forces",
"intermolecular gravitational forces"
] | Liquefaction of Gases Liquefaction of gases is the condensation of gases into a liquid form, which is neither anticipated nor explained by the kinetic molecular theory of gases. Both the theory and the ideal gas law predict that gases compressed to very high pressures and cooled to very low temperatures should still be... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5454 | Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures because many what lose function at lower and higher temperatures? | [
"hormones",
"neurons",
"carbohydrates",
"enzymes"
] | Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures. For example, most biochemical reactions work best at the normal body temperature of 98.6˚F (37˚C). Many enzymes lose function at lower and higher temperatures. At higher temperatures, an enzyme’s shape deteriorates, and only when the temperature comes bac... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8190 | What do you call the metal elements listed below the periodic table? | [
"process metals",
"rare metals",
"transition metals",
"shift metals"
] | Transition metals include the elements that are placed below the periodic table. Those that follow lanthanum (La) are called lanthanides. They are all shiny, relatively reactive metals. Those that follow Actinium (Ac) are called actinides. They are all radioactive metals. This means they are unstable. They break down i... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_228 | Which branch of biology studies animal behavior? | [
"ethology",
"anthropology",
"embryology",
"microbiology"
] | The branch of biology that studies animal behavior is called ethology. Ethologists usually study how animals behave in their natural environment. They try to determine the cause of behaviors, how behaviors develop, and how and why behaviors evolve. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8699 | What do we call plants that shed their leaves seasonally each year? | [
"perennials",
"lush plants",
"annuals",
"deciduous plants"
] | After leaves turn color in the fall, they may all fall off the plant for the winter. Plants that shed their leaves seasonally each year are called deciduous plants . Shedding leaves is a strategy for reducing water loss during seasons of extreme dryness. On the downside, the plant must grow new leaves in the spring, an... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_167 | The spermatids are transported from the testes to where? | [
"Duodenum",
"epididymis",
"abdominis",
"vas"
] | The spermatids are transported from the testes to the epididymis. Involuntary muscular contraction moves the spermatids along. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7941 | What kind of resource is soil? | [
"nonrenewable",
"viable",
"finite",
"renewable"
] | Soil is a renewable resource. Sometimes it is lost faster than it can be replaced. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7070 | On the origin of species is a book by darwin that spells out what theory? | [
"theory of the universe",
"theory of reproduction",
"theory of the computation",
"theory of evolution"
] | Wallace’s paper on evolution confirmed Darwin’s ideas. It also pushed him to publish his book, On the Origin of Species. The book clearly spells out his theory. It also provides evidence and logic to support it. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4338 | When a lower energy level is ______ electrons are added to the next higher energy level. | [
"full",
"ready",
"empty",
"unbalanced"
] | Only when a lower energy level is full are electrons added to the next higher energy level. Electrons at higher energy levels, which are farther from the nucleus, have more energy. They also have more orbitals and greater possible numbers of electrons. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5020 | Cells that are divided by oncogenes contain damaged what? | [
"bacteria",
"cells",
"atoms",
"dna"
] | Proto-oncogenes normally help control cell division. Mutations in these genes turn them into oncogenes. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2303 | Eutherian mammals possess a specialized structure called the corpus callosum that links what hemispheres? | [
"cerebral",
"cortical",
"appendages",
"spatial"
] | possess a single, undivided lobe. Eutherian mammals also possess a specialized structure that links the two cerebral hemispheres, called the corpus callosum. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2023 | Mars appears red because of large amounts of which element in the soil? | [
"carbon",
"coal",
"mercury",
"iron"
] | Viewed from Earth, Mars is red. This is due to large amounts of iron in the soil. The ancient Greeks and Romans named the planet Mars after the god of war because the planet's red color reminded them of blood. Mars has only a very thin atmosphere made up mostly of carbon dioxide. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8251 | Which antibacterial protein is found in tears and saliva? | [
"human growth hormone",
"human lysozyme",
"dopamine",
"amino acid"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8790 | Clouds are formed from what? | [
"ice crystals",
"dust particles",
"water droplets",
"snow flakes"
] | Rising air currents carry water vapor into the atmosphere. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it cools and condenses. Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to tiny droplets of liquid water. The water droplets may form clouds. If the droplets get big enough, they fall as precipitation. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8938 | What is stacked in layers in "layer cake geology"? | [
"rock stata",
"soil",
"horizontal stata",
"sediment"
] | Geologists say that the Grand Canyon ( Figure above ) has "layer cake geology. " This is because the rock strata are in layers. They are extremely easy to see. Sedimentary rocks are like a book that tells the story of the environment in which they formed. Rock units can be traced across large expanses. Looking down int... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3891 | What element is the sun mostly made up of? | [
"mercury",
"hydrogen",
"manganese",
"helium"
] | The Sun is mostly hydrogen with smaller amounts of helium. The material is in the form of plasma. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9665 | What force includes forces of attraction and repulsion? | [
"magnetic force",
"molecular force",
"gravitational force",
"centripetal force"
] | The force that a magnet exerts is called magnetic force. The force is exerted over a distance and includes forces of attraction and repulsion. A magnet can exert force over a distance because the magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7190 | In plants, a high concentration of iaa inhibits what? | [
"cell elongation",
"Cell reproduction",
"same elongation",
"technology elongation"
] | the bottom of the cell. In roots, a high concentration of IAA inhibits cell elongation. The effect slows growth on the lower side of the root, while cells develop normally on the upper side. IAA has the opposite effect in shoots, where a higher concentration at the lower side of the shoot stimulates cell expansion, cau... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6786 | What is the process of larva becoming an adult called? | [
"evolution",
"synthesis",
"parthenogenesis",
"metamorphosis"
] | After hatching, most arthropods go through one or more larval stages before reaching adulthood. The larvae may look very different from the adults. They change into the adult form in a process called metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, the arthropod is called a pupa. It may or may not spend this stage inside a special... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10010 | What kind of bonding between alcohol molecules means that more energy is required to convert the liquid to vapor, and boiling points are therefore high? | [
"stronger diffusion bonding",
"stronger mineral bonding",
"stronger hydrogen bonding",
"weaker carbon bonding"
] | Only weak London dispersion forces hold molecules of nonpolar alkanes together in the liquid phase. Consequently, less energy is required to break these molecules away from the surface of the liquid and turn them into a vapor. The stronger hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules means that more energy is required to... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1986 | What are floods a source of on a floodplain? | [
"minerals",
"salt",
"acids",
"nutrients"
] | Floods are a source of nutrients on a floodplain. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3429 | What do you require to test a hypothesis? | [
"data",
"opinion",
"estimates",
"conclusion"
] | Testing a hypothesis requires data. Data can be gathered by observations or by experiments. | A | null |
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