dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_10819 | Which glands sit atop the kidneys and are composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla, all surrounded by a connective tissue capsule? | [
"adrenal",
"salivary",
"thyroid glands",
"gonads"
] | Figure 17.17 Adrenal Glands Both adrenal glands sit atop the kidneys and are composed of an outer cortex and an inner medulla, all surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. The cortex can be subdivided into additional zones, all of which produce different types of hormones. LM × 204. (Micrograph provided by the Regent... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7539 | The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and what else? | [
"resonance",
"density",
"frequency",
"height"
] | Electromagnetic waves differ in their wavelengths and frequencies. The higher the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, the greater its energy. The speed of an electromagnetic wave is the product of its wavelength and frequency, so a wave with a shorter wavelength has a higher frequency, and vice versa. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7156 | What is the lightest molecule? | [
"hydrogen",
"silicon",
"helium",
"oxygen"
] | Based on their molar masses, hydrogen is the lightest molecule, and oxygen is the heaviest. Because all three volumes are the same, each balloon contains the same number of gas molecules. Therefore, the hydrogen balloon will have the lowest mass, and the oxygen balloon will have the highest. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6874 | A few elements, called what, can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals? | [
"synthetics",
"gases",
"metalloids",
"halogens"
] | A few elements, called metalloids, can conduct electricity, but not as well as metals. Examples include silicon and germanium in group 14. Both become better conductors at higher temperatures. These elements are called semiconductors. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8391 | What term refers to change in position over time? | [
"Position Replacement",
"acceleration",
"velocity",
"Direction Replacement"
] | Velocity is defined as change in position over time. Can you see that would be the slope of this graph? (slope = rise over run and in this case the ‘rise’ is position and the ‘run’ is time). Find the instantaneous speed at sec. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10985 | The wrist and base of the hand are formed by what series of small bones arranged in distal and proximal rows? | [
"ribs",
"carpal",
"patella",
"cranial"
] | Carpal Bones The wrist and base of the hand are formed by a series of eight small carpal bones (see Figure 8.7). The carpal bones are arranged in two rows, forming a proximal row of four carpal bones and a distal row of four carpal bones. The bones in the proximal row, running from the lateral (thumb) side to the media... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1401 | How many different types of taste neurons does the tongue contain? | [
"five",
"three",
"ten",
"four"
] | Your sense of taste is controlled by sensory neurons , or nerve cells, on your tongue that sense the chemicals in food. The neurons are grouped in bundles within taste buds . Each taste bud actually has a pore that opens out to the surface of the tongue enabling molecules and ions taken into the mouth to reach the rece... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2460 | What term is used to describe the tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes? | [
"cleavage",
"erosion",
"porosis",
"tooth decay"
] | Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along certain planes. When a mineral breaks along a plane, it makes a smooth surface. Minerals with different crystal structures will break or cleave in different ways ( Figure below ). Halite tends to form cubes with smooth surfaces. Mica tends to form sheets. Fluorite ca... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6552 | What contains most of the structures found in skin? | [
"basal layer",
"subcutaneous layer",
"dermis",
"epidermis"
] | Structures of the Dermis. The dermis contains most of the structures found in skin. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5286 | What is the name of the science that studies matter and the changes material substances undergo? | [
"physics",
"biology",
"geology",
"chemistry"
] | Summary Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes material substances undergo. It is essential for understanding much of the natural world and central to many other scientific disciplines, including astronomy, geology, paleontology, biology, and medicine. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6599 | Dissolved oxygen in seawater is critical for sea creatures, but as the oceans warm, oxygen becomes less what? | [
"saturated",
"abundant",
"insoluble",
"soluble"
] | Introduction Coral reefs are home to about 25% of all marine species. They are being threatened by climate change, oceanic acidification, and water pollution, all of which change the composition of the solution we know as seawater. Dissolved oxygen in seawater is critical for sea creatures, but as the oceans warm, oxyg... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2202 | What is a branded polymer that serves as energy storage in animal? | [
"glycogen",
"pathogen",
"hydrocarbon",
"triglyceride"
] | Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose and serves as energy storage in animals. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8522 | Like bacteria, archaea can have what to assist with movement? | [
"antennae",
"cilia",
"flagella",
"sporangia"
] | Like bacteria, archaea can have flagella to assist with movement. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_363 | What are broad explanations that are widely accepted as true? | [
"informal theories",
"scientific experiments",
"scientific hypotheses",
"scientific theories"
] | Scientific theories are broad explanations that are widely accepted as true. This is because they are supported by a great deal of evidence. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4574 | Solid bedrock vibrates less and therefore does less of what to bedrock? | [
"butress",
"block",
"dampen",
"damage"
] | Ground type. Solid bedrock vibrates less than soft sediments, so there is less damage on bedrock. Sometimes sediments become saturated with water. They then undergo liquefaction and become like quicksand ( Figure below ). Soil on a hillside may become a landslide. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4995 | What do you call a reaction that consumes energy as it is carried out? | [
"autotrophic",
"endothermic",
"exothermic",
"unstable"
] | The exothermic reaction on the left releases energy. The endothermic reaction on the right consumes energy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8822 | What helps form the walls of internal organs such as the heart and stomach? | [
"blood",
"muscles",
"valves",
"tissues"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10194 | A catalyst can increase the rate of what, in general? | [
"mechanicl reaction",
"carbon reaction",
"chemical reaction",
"consumption reaction"
] | A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction. The presence of a catalyst is one of several factors that influence the rate of chemical reactions. (Other factors include the temperature, concentration, and surface area of reactants. ) A catalyst isn’t a reactant in the chemical reaction it sp... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9886 | Unevenness or asymmetry in the focus of the eye describes what visual defect? | [
"hyperopia",
"presbyopia",
"astigmatism",
"myopia"
] | Another common vision defect is astigmatism, an unevenness or asymmetry in the focus of the eye. For example, rays passing through a vertical region of the eye may focus closer than rays passing through a horizontal region, resulting in the image appearing elongated. This is mostly due to irregularities in the shape of... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3706 | Because trees add water vapor to air, cutting down forests leads to longer periods of what? | [
"harvest",
"ice",
"drought",
"flooding"
] | Water shortages are common in much of the world. People are most likely to run short of water during droughts. A drought is a period of unusually low rainfall. Human actions have increased how often droughts occur. One way people can help to bring on drought is by cutting down trees. Trees add a lot of water vapor to t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1452 | What carries small pollen grains farther than they otherwise would go? | [
"wind",
"birds",
"steam",
"humidity"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_6312 | What occurs when individuals of different species strive for a limited resource in the same area? | [
"vegetal competition",
"intraspecific competition",
"asexual competition",
"interspecific competition"
] | Interspecific competition happens when individuals of different species strive for a limited resource in the same area. Since any two species have different traits, one species will be able to out-compete the other. One species will be better adapted to its environment, and essentially "win" the competition. The other ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2746 | The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of what, which is called the maxwell-boltzmann distribution? | [
"molecular speeds",
"molecular rate",
"molecular size",
"molecular shape"
] | Distribution of Molecular Speeds The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This distribution is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, after its originators, who calculated it based ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3720 | What do you call the force a machine applies to an object? | [
"optimal force",
"premium force",
"output force",
"drop force"
] | When you use a machine, you apply force to the machine. This force is called the input force. The machine, in turn, applies force to an object. This force is called the output force. The output force may or may not be the same as the input force. The force you apply to the machine is applied over a given distance, call... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2324 | The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what? | [
"atoms",
"ions",
"molecules",
"quarks"
] | The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of atoms. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7506 | What important process takes place in specialized tissue inside plant leaves? | [
"photosynthesis",
"pollination",
"mitosis",
"reproduction"
] | specialized tissue inside plant leaves where photosynthesis takes place. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4984 | What type of scale is the richter scale? | [
"algorithmic",
"asymmetric",
"dimensional",
"logarithmic"
] | 7. Like the Richter scale, the moment magnitude scale is logarithmic. The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake in Japan was 9.0 and did tremendous damage. A few months earlier, an 8.8 struck Chile and did much less damage. Why?. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_879 | What type of generations do plants alternate between during a life cycle? | [
"haploid and clump",
"haploid and diploid",
"algal and diploid",
"vitro and diploid"
] | All plants have a life cycle that alternates between haploid and diploid generations. Plants vary in terms of which generation is dominant. Most modern plants have a dominant diploid generation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_296 | The ability to regulate what, which is possessed by mammals, was an advantage as earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes? | [
"body temperature",
"hair growth",
"mutations",
"reflex behaviors"
] | Mammals have the ability to regulate body temperature. This is an advantage, as Earth’s climate went through sudden and dramatic changes. Mastodons, saber tooth tigers, hoofed mammals, whales, primates and eventually humans all lived during the Cenozoic Era ( Figure below ). | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3730 | What type of energy travels through matter in wave form? | [
"magnetic",
"vibrational",
"light",
"sound"
] | Sound is a form of energy that travels in waves through matter. The ability to sense sound energy and perceive sound is called hearing . The organ that we use to sense sound energy is the ear. Almost all the structures in the ear are needed for this purpose. Together, they gather sound waves, amplify the waves, and cha... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_243 | What is a species that plays an especially important role in it's community called? | [
"keystone",
"Leader",
"complement",
"Invasive"
] | Some predator species are known as keystone species. A keystone species is one that plays an especially important role in its community. Major changes in the numbers of a keystone species affect the populations of many other species in the community. For example, some sea star species are keystone species in coral reef... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2651 | How did a vascular let plants grow? | [
"they could reproduce",
"they could conduct photosynthesis",
"they could bear fruit",
"they could grow taller"
] | The evolution of vascular tissue revolutionized the plant kingdom. Vascular tissue greatly improved the ability of plants to absorb and transfer water. This allowed plants to grow larger and taller. They could also liver in drier habitats and survive periods of drought. Early vascular plants probably resembled the fern... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5951 | Which chromosome is associated with cri du chat syndrome? | [
"collagen 5",
"chromosome 5",
"spore 5",
"genome 5"
] | Chromosomal disorders also occur when part of a chromosome becomes damaged. For example, if a tiny portion of chromosome 5 is missing, the individual will have cri du chat (cat’s cry) syndrome. These individuals have misshapen facial features, and the infant’s cry resembles a cat’s cry. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4360 | What is algae easier to covert into that corn is currently used for? | [
"oil",
"food",
"sugar",
"fuel"
] | Research is being done into alternative crops for biofuels. A very promising alternative is algae. Algae appears to be a better biofuel than corn. Algae is much easier to convert to a usable fuel. Growing algae requires much less land and energy than crops. Algae can be grown in locations that are not used for other th... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2583 | The actinides are all what type of elements? | [
"multiple",
"nuclear",
"radioactive",
"large"
] | actinide: The actinides are the 14 elements from thorium (atomic number 90) to lawrencium (atomic number 103). The sublevel is in the process of being filled. The actinides are all radioactive elements and only the first four have been found naturally on Earth. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_225 | Where does the embryo develop in a plant? | [
"inside the female plant after fertilization",
"outside the female plant after fertilization",
"inside the stem after fertilization",
"inside the male plant after fertilization"
] | In plants, the embryo develops inside of the female plant after fertilization. Algae do not keep the embryo inside of themselves but release it into water. This was the first feature to evolve that separated plants from green algae. This is also the only adaptation shared by all plants. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5419 | What changes the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction? | [
"carbon changes",
"Oxygen Changes",
"chemical changes",
"mineral changes"
] | Pure substances, such as compounds, can be separated through chemical changes. Chemical changes change the chemical composition of a substance and can only occur through a chemical reaction. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3780 | What are a class of tetrapod vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs called? | [
"mammals",
"amphibians",
"insects",
"reptiles"
] | Reptiles are a class of tetrapod vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs. They include crocodiles, alligators, lizards, snakes, and turtles. The reptile class is one of the largest classes of vertebrates. It consists of all amniotes except birds and mammals. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7293 | What elements do mafic minerals typically include? | [
"iron and magnesium",
"iodine and magnesium",
"xerophyte and magnesium",
"sodium and magnesium"
] | First, notice where carbon is fixed by the enzyme Rubisco. In C-3, C-4, and CAM plants, CO 2 enters the cycle by joining with 5-carbon ribulose bisphosphate to form a 6-carbon intermediate, which splits (so quickly that it isn’t even shown) into two 3-carbon 3-phosphoglycerate molecules. Now look for the points at whic... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4209 | As per the kinetic-molecular theory, in what direction do the molecules and ions of liquids move? | [
"alter directions",
"same direction",
"opposite direction",
"random directions"
] | We discussed earlier some basic principles about the behavior of gases called the kinetic-molecular theory. Among other things, this theory suggests that gas molecules are in constant motion, and the average speed of the individual gas particles is dependent upon temperature – the higher the temperature, the faster the... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1244 | Birds generally practice what kind of relationship, with both parents helping to care for the young? | [
"monogamous",
"synonomous",
"carnivorous",
"homologous"
] | Birds generally are monogamous, and both parents help to care for the young. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10531 | After infecting a host, what inactive state do some viruses enter? | [
"immunity",
"potency",
"latency",
"hibernation"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6294 | Sounds, chemicals, and visual cues are examples of what between animals? | [
"communication",
"procreation",
"circulation",
"migration"
] | For individuals to cooperate, they need to communicate . Animals can communicate with sounds, chemicals, or visual cues. For example, to communicate with sounds, birds sing and frogs croak. Both may be communicating that they are good mates. Ants communicate with chemicals called pheromones . For example, they use the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7141 | What is the term for individuals of a species that live in a particular habitat? | [
"population",
"biosphere",
"ecosystem",
"family"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 45.1 Population Demography Populations are individuals of a species that live in a particular habitat. Ecologists measure characteristics of populations: size, density, dispersion pattern, age structure, and sex ratio. Life tables are useful to calculate life expectancies of individual population member... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1066 | What type of eukaryotes are protists normally? | [
"photosynthetic",
"multicellular",
"immature",
"unicellular"
] | Most protists are so small that they can be seen only with a microscope. Protists are mostly unicellular (one-celled) eukaryotes. A few protists are multicellular (many-celled) and surprisingly large. For example, kelp is a multicellular protist that can grow to be over 100-meters long ( Figure below ). Multicellular p... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9370 | What is the term for the loss of one or more electrons by an atom? | [
"decomposition",
"half-life",
"oxidation",
"evaporation"
] | The reactants are two electrically neutral elements; they have the same number of electrons as protons. The product, however, is ionic; it is composed of Mg2+ and Cl−ions. Somehow, the individual Mg atoms lose two electrons to make the Mg2+ ion, while the Cl atoms gain an electron to become Cl− ions. This reaction invo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8430 | Why is the root cap continuously replaced in plants? | [
"damage through pushing",
"due to growth",
"due to pressure",
"due to rubbing"
] | Root Growth and Anatomy Root growth begins with seed germination. When the plant embryo emerges from the seed, the radicle of the embryo forms the root system. The tip of the root is protected by the root cap, a structure exclusive to roots and unlike any other plant structure. The root cap is continuously replaced bec... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_108 | How many different types of taste can be detected by taste buds? | [
"hundreds",
"three",
"two",
"five"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_6373 | What is a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely enclosed by mesoderm called? | [
"hymenium",
"choroid",
"pseudocoelom",
"coelom"
] | Later, a true coelom evolved. This is a fluid-filled body cavity that is completely enclosed by mesoderm. The coelom lies between the digestive cavity and body wall. You can see it in the invertebrate in Figure below . Modern invertebrates with a coelom include mollusks (Phylum Mollusca) and annelids (Phylum Annelida). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4291 | A refrigerator must do work to reverse the normal direction of what? | [
"visible energy flow",
"thermal energy flow",
"coolant energy flow",
"spectral energy flow"
] | A refrigerator must do work to reverse the normal direction of thermal energy flow. Work involves the use of force to move something, and doing work takes energy. In a refrigerator, the energy is usually provided by electricity. You can read in detail in the Figure below how a refrigerator does its work. For an animati... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_527 | In alcoholic fermentation , which acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide? | [
"lipoic",
"pyruvic",
"chloride",
"rain"
] | In alcoholic fermentation , pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide. This is shown in Figure below . NAD + also forms from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue making ATP. This type of fermentation is carried out by yeasts and some bacteria. It is used to make bread, wine, and biofuels. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1767 | What is the term for the basic contractile unit of the muscle? | [
"filament",
"bandimere",
"sarcomere",
"sphincter"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9329 | What are the three types of symbiosis? | [
"commensalism, osmosis, internalization",
"mutualism, parasitism, commensalism",
"internalization , parasitism , commensalism",
"connectionism , parasitism , commensalism"
] | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. For the other species, the relationship may be beneficial, harmful, or neutral. There are three types of symbiosis: mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9413 | What are the two most abundant elements in the universe? | [
"hydrogen and oxygen",
"hydrogen and helium",
"nitrogen and carbon",
"oxygen and carbon"
] | Hydrogen and helium are the most abundant elements in the universe. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1168 | When current flows in just one direction, what is it called? | [
"alternating current",
"direct current",
"reactant current",
"mono-current"
] | When current flows in just one direction, it is called direct current (DC) . The current that flows through a battery-powered flashlight is direct current. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7419 | What is the term used for a large body of air of the same temperature and moisture conditions? | [
"air pool",
"sky mass",
"air mass",
"air group"
] | An air mass is a large body of air that has about the same conditions throughout. For example, an air mass might have cold dry air. Another air mass might have warm moist air. The conditions in an air mass depend on where the air mass formed. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_869 | Females of what mammalian group have mammary glands but lack nipples? | [
"monotreme",
"Eutheria",
"prosauropod",
"Metatheria"
] | Monotreme eggs have a leathery shell, like the eggs of reptiles. The eggs are retained inside the mother’s body for at least a couple of weeks. During that time, the mother provides the eggs with nutrients. Platypus females lay their eggs in a burrow. Echidna females have a pouch in which they store their eggs. Female ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2146 | In the case of the thyroid hormone pathway, thyroid hormone itself carries out what kind of feedback? | [
"continued",
"positive",
"effective",
"negative"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10020 | What is the respiratory pigment of almost every vertebrate? | [
"plasma",
"hemoglobin",
"iron",
"insulin"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_3011 | How much electricity is generated by an average car battery? | [
"twelve volts",
"eight volts",
"ten volts",
"six volts"
] | The description given above describes the process that occurs in one cell of a lead-acid battery. Because cars require a battery with a higher voltage than can be obtained with a single cell, car batteries generally consist of several cells connected together to produce the desired voltage output. A typical car battery... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4375 | What is formed when a monomer of glucose and a monomer of fructose are joined in a dehydration reaction to form a glycosidic bond? | [
"fructose",
"sucrose",
"sulfate",
"chloride"
] | Figure 3.7 Sucrose is formed when a monomer of glucose and a monomer of fructose are joined in a dehydration reaction to form a glycosidic bond. In the process, a water molecule is lost. By convention, the carbon atoms in a monosaccharide are numbered from the terminal carbon closest to the carbonyl group. In sucrose, ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4734 | An electrical motor changes electrical energy into what? | [
"mechanical energy",
"solar energy",
"chemical energy",
"thermal energy"
] | Electrical motors change electrical energy into mechanical energy. The motor consists of an electrical circuit with part of the wires inside a magnetic field. This can be seen below. Positive charges move through the circuit in the direction of the light purple arrows. When the charges move up through the part of the c... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8163 | Evolution that occurs over a short period of time is known as what? | [
"microevolution",
"short term evolution",
"pseudoevolution",
"relatedness"
] | Evolution that occurs over a short period of time is known as microevolution . It might take place in just a couple of generations. This scale of evolution occurs at the level of the population. The Grants observed evolution at this scale in populations of Darwin’s finches. Beak size in finch populations changed in jus... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3696 | What is the connection between the two hemispheres of the brain called? | [
"corpus callosum",
"cerebral cortex",
"cranial septum",
"spinal cord"
] | Left Brain, Right Brain Popular media often refer to right-brained and left-brained people, as if the brain were two independent halves that work differently for different people. This is a popular misinterpretation of an important neurological phenomenon. As an extreme measure to deal with a debilitating condition, th... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1421 | In what energy industry process are fluids pumped through a borehole, creating fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas? | [
"grinding",
"strip mining",
"fracking",
"oil wells"
] | With fracking, fluids are pumped through a borehole. The fluids create fractures in the rock that contains the natural gas. Chemicals in the fluid prevent the fractures from closing. The natural gas can then be pumped to the surface. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6561 | What is the number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula that shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction? | [
"coefficient",
"note",
"requirement",
"frequency"
] | Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations. A coefficient is a number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula. It shows how many atoms or molecules of the substance are involved in the reaction. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8609 | What does the kelvin scale measure? | [
"oxygen",
"height",
"precipitation",
"temperature"
] | The SI scale for measuring temperature is the Kelvin scale . However, some scientists use the Celsius scale instead. If you live in the U. S. , you are probably more familiar with the Fahrenheit scale. Table below compares all three temperature scales. What is the difference between the boiling and freezing points of w... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11012 | Gasoline, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel fuel, jet fuel, coal, kerosene, and propane are examples of what type of fule? | [
"electrolysis fuel",
"nuclear fue",
"polymerization fuel",
"hydrocarbon fuel"
] | It is hard to overstate the importance of hydrocarbons to modern life. Hydrocarbons have even been called the “driving force of western civilization. ” You saw some ways they are used in the opening image. Several other ways are pictured in the Figure below . The most important use of hydrocarbons is for fuel. Gasoline... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_976 | The diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration is called? | [
"diffusion",
"absorption",
"hemostasis",
"osmosis"
] | The diffusion of water across a membrane because of a difference in concentration is called osmosis . Let's explore three different situations and analyze the flow of water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10451 | What is the term for a combination of substances in which there is no chemical reaction? | [
"a solution",
"a mixture",
"a combination",
"a solute"
] | Like a chemical compound, a mixture consists of more than one chemical substance. Unlike a compound, a mixture does not have a fixed chemical composition. The substances in a mixture can be combined in any proportions. A mixture also does not involve a chemical reaction. Therefore, the substances in a mixture are not c... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11550 | Where are temperatures the lowest? | [
"at the equator",
"at the poles",
"in asia",
"over the oceans"
] | At the poles, the Sun’s rays are least direct. Much of the area is covered with ice and snow, which reflect a lot of sunlight. Temperatures are lowest here. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11155 | Hypoxia is a condition of the reduced supply of what? | [
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"methane",
"food"
] | Figure 10.14 The role of normal p53 is to monitor DNA and the supply of oxygen (hypoxia is a condition of reduced oxygen supply). If damage is detected, p53 triggers repair mechanisms. If repairs are unsuccessful, p53 signals apoptosis. A cell with an abnormal p53 protein cannot repair damaged DNA and thus cannot signa... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5094 | Genetic equilibrium occurs when what process doesn't exist within the population? | [
"movement",
"reproduction",
"variation",
"evolution"
] | The Hardy-Weinberg model describes how a population can remain at genetic equilibrium , referred to as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium occurs when there is no evolution within the population. In other words, the frequency of alleles (variants of a gene) will be the same from one generation to anothe... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6115 | Plants need sunlight for what process? | [
"glycolysis",
"metamorphosis",
"photosynthesis",
"cyclogenesis"
] | The water in a large lake may be so deep that sunlight cannot penetrate all the way to the bottom. Without sunlight, water plants and algae cannot live on the bottom of the lake. That’s because plants need sunlight for photosynthesis. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6073 | Gas lines should be made of what so they do not rupture? | [
"flexible material",
"adjustment material",
"Hard material",
"typically material"
] | Check to see that gas lines are made of flexible material so they do not rupture. Any equipment that uses gas should be well secured. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4691 | The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules is called what? | [
"stored energy",
"internal energy",
"used energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | Internal energy—the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules. Can be divided into many subcategories, such as thermal and chemical energy. Depends only on the state of a system (such as its P , V , and T ), not on how the energy entered the system. Change in internal energy is path in... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11430 | What carry messages from our sensory organs and others to the central nervous system? | [
"blood vessels",
"nerves",
"fibers",
"valves"
] | 20.7 Nerve Conduction–Electrocardiograms Nerve Conduction Electric currents in the vastly complex system of billions of nerves in our body allow us to sense the world, control parts of our body, and think. These are representative of the three major functions of nerves. First, nerves carry messages from our sensory org... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9020 | What does the kyoto protocol focus on controlling? | [
"carbonate gas emissions",
"Ozone emissions",
"greenhouse gas emissions",
"Helium emissions"
] | The Kyoto Protocol is another worldwide agreement on air pollution. It was passed in 1997. The Protocol focuses on controlling greenhouse gas emissions. Its aim is to control global warming. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9647 | Initiation, elongation, and termination are the three steps of what? | [
"transcription",
"mutation",
"differentiation",
"respiration"
] | Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in Figure below . | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1548 | What determines which type of precipitation falls? | [
"air temperature",
"ground temperature",
"air currents",
"air pressure"
] | Why does it snow instead of rain? Air temperature determines which type of precipitation falls. Rain falls if the air temperature is above freezing (0° C or 32° F). Frozen precipitation falls if the air or ground is below freezing. Frozen precipitation may fall as snow, sleet, or freezing rain. You can see how the diff... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6223 | Einstein developed a theory about how electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and what else? | [
"energy",
"bacteria",
"sound",
"particle"
] | In 1905, the physicist Albert Einstein developed a new theory about electromagnetic radiation. The theory is often called the wave-particle theory . It explains how electromagnetic radiation can behave as both a wave and a particle. Einstein argued that when an electron returns to a lower energy level and gives off ele... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10951 | What term describes the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area? | [
"climate",
"hemosphere",
"wind patterns",
"solar activity"
] | Climate and Weather A common misconception about global climate change is that a specific weather event occurring in a particular region (for example, a very cool week in June in central Indiana) is evidence of global climate change. However, a cold week in June is a weather-related event and not a climate-related one.... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6488 | Giardia is an example of a protozoa that uses flagella for what purpose? | [
"reproduction",
"nutrients",
"movement",
"light"
] | type of protozoa, such as Giardia, that moves with flagella. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7981 | When light strikes the rods and cones, they hyperpolarize, shutting off their release of what? | [
"dopamine",
"glutamate",
"vitreous fluid",
"enzyme"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_2198 | A multiaxial ball-and-socket joint has much more mobility than a what hinge joint? | [
"biaxial",
"uniaxial",
"triaxial",
"quadaxial"
] | 9.6 | Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the bones that articulate together to form selected synovial joints • Discuss the movements available at each joint • Describe the structures that support and prevent excess movements at each joint Each synovial joint ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4132 | What is the term for learning by watching and copying the behavior of someone else? | [
"observational learning",
"consequential learning",
"associative learning",
"classical conditioning"
] | Observational learning is learning by watching and copying the behavior of someone else. Human children learn many behaviors this way. When you were a young child, you may have learned how to tie your shoes by watching your dad tie his shoes. More recently, you may have learned how to dance by watching a pop star danci... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10402 | What process refers to the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia? | [
"biological nutrient fixation",
"biological respiratory fixation",
"biological nitrogen fixation",
"biological ammonia fixation"
] | 31.3 Nutritional Adaptations of Plants Atmospheric nitrogen is the largest pool of available nitrogen in terrestrial ecosystems. However, plants cannot use this nitrogen because they do not have the necessary enzymes. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. The most impo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6261 | The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and which other barrier? | [
"independent",
"biological",
"physical",
"surgical"
] | The first line of defense includes mechanical, chemical, and biological barriers. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8626 | Skeletal muscles must work in pairs to move bones back and forth at a joint because they can only do what? | [
"contract",
"expand",
"vibrate",
"pull"
] | Muscles can only contract. They can’t actively lengthen. Therefore, to move bones back and forth at a joint, skeletal muscles must work in pairs. For example, the bicep and triceps muscles of the upper arm work as a pair. You can see how this pair of muscles works in Figure below . When the bicep muscle contracts, it b... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4242 | Through what do plants move enormous amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere? | [
"perspiration",
"respiration",
"transpiration",
"evaporation"
] | Plants recycle matter in biogeochemical cycles. For example, through transpiration, plants move enormous amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere. Plants such as peas host bacteria that fix nitrogen. This makes nitrogen available to all plants, which pass it on to consumers. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8183 | What is the star-like structure inside the paramecia? | [
"the contractile vacuole",
"the elongated vacuole",
"the reflex vacuole",
"the baré vacuole"
] | The contractile vacuole is the star-like structure within the paramecia. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6155 | Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the what? | [
"bacteria",
"cell wall",
"nucleus",
"plasma membrane"
] | Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the host cell alive?. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10836 | Behind a ship, what is the giant rectangular bucket that is dragged along from the behind called? | [
"dredge",
"trousers",
"prop",
"wig"
] | Scientists also collect rock and sediment samples from the seafloor. A dredge is a giant rectangular bucket that is dragged along behind a ship. The dredge picks up loose rocks lying on the seafloor. Gravity corers are metal tubes that fall to the seafloor. They slice into the sediments to collect a sample. The researc... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4204 | Each endocrine hormone affects only certain "target" cells, which have molecules of what on the surface that enable binding of a given hormone? | [
"protein",
"gas",
"lipids",
"rna"
] | Each endocrine hormone affects only certain cells, called target cells. A target cell has proteins on its surface to which a given hormone can bind. Most endocrine hormones are controlled by negative feedback loops. Negative feedback occurs when low levels of a hormone feed back to increase its secretion—and vice versa... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_644 | What are sugars broken down into in your digestive system? | [
"nicotine",
"glucose",
"starch",
"insulin"
] | Sugars are small, simple carbohydrates. They are found in foods such as milk and fruit. Sugars in foods such as these are broken down by your digestive system to glucose, the simplest of all sugars. Glucose is taken up by cells for energy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9071 | What is the common term for erythrocytesare, specialized cells that circulate delivering oxygen to cells and are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow? | [
"monocytes",
"plateletes",
"white blood cells",
"red blood cells"
] | Red Blood Cells Red blood cells, or erythrocytes (erythro- = “red”; -cyte = “cell”), are specialized cells that circulate through the body delivering oxygen to cells; they are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. In mammals, red blood cells are small biconcave cells that at maturity do not contain a nucleus or mi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1641 | What is the term for the average number of individuals in a population for a given area? | [
"population structure",
"Area Density",
"population density",
"result density"
] | Another sign of a species’ state of health is the density of its populations. Population density is the average number of individuals in a population for a given area. Density is a measure of how crowded or spread out the individuals in a population are on average. For example, a population of 100 deer that live in an ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10767 | What term describes all but the sex chromosomes? | [
"sporozoans",
"lysosomes",
"telomeres",
"autsomes"
] | Animals and most plants have two special chromosomes. They are called sex chromosomes . These are chromosomes that determine the sex of the organism. All of the other chromosomes are called autosomes . Genes on sex chromosomes may be inherited differently than genes on autosomes. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3235 | What are the primary producers in the ocean? | [
"phytoplankton",
"fish",
"algea",
"zooplankton"
] | Phytoplankton are the primary producers in the ocean. They form the base of most marine food chains. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9282 | What is the region known as the myelencephalon in the embryonic brain? | [
"Diencephalon",
"Telencephalon",
"Mesencephalon",
"medulla"
] | Medulla The medulla is the region known as the myelencephalon in the embryonic brain. The initial portion of the name, “myel,” refers to the significant white matter found in this region—especially on its exterior, which is continuous with the white. | D | null |
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