dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_7903 | What hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism | [
"small world theory",
"Big Bang theory",
"the seager hypothesis",
"the gaia hypothesis"
] | The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5934 | What are the simplest hydrocarbons? | [
"complex carbohydrates",
"saturated hydrocarbons",
"fossil fuels",
"unsaturated hydrocarbons"
] | Saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. They are the simplest hydrocarbons. They are called saturated because each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. In other words, the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen. You can see an example of a saturated hydrocarbon i... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9142 | What is the process by which plants capture the energy of sunlight and use carbon dioxide from the air (and water) to make their own food called? | [
"photosynthesis",
"photochemistry",
"spermatogenesis",
"atherosclerosis"
] | Recall that eukaryotic organisms also include animals, protists, and fungi. Eukaryotes have cells with nuclei that contain DNA, and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture the energy of sunlight and use carbon dioxide from the air (and water) to make their ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5060 | Enzymes in saliva help bread down and digest what? | [
"starches and fats",
"fiber and minerals",
"starches and water",
"water and fiber"
] | Figure 16.5 (a) Digestion of food begins in the mouth. (b) Food is masticated by teeth and moistened by saliva secreted from the salivary glands. Enzymes in the saliva begin to digest starches and fats. With the help of the tongue, the resulting bolus is moved into the esophagus by swallowing. (credit: modification of ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3465 | What are the three ways to classify matter based on how light interacts with it? | [
"transitive, opaque, translucent",
"extensive , opaque , translucent",
"opaque, invisible, visible",
"transparent, opaque, translucent"
] | Light may interact with matter in several ways, including reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption. Matter can be classified on the basis of how light interacts with it as transparent, translucent, or opaque. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4500 | Energy is lost as heat between each trophic level due to the second law of what? | [
"particles",
"thermodynamics",
"reactions",
"chemistry"
] | One major factor that limits the length of food chains is energy. Energy is lost as heat between each trophic level due to the second law of thermodynamics. Thus, after a limited number of trophic energy transfers, the amount of energy remaining in the food chain may not be great enough to support viable populations at... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1658 | The phase transition of a substance changing from a liquid state to a gaseous state is an example of what? | [
"trichina",
"catostrophy",
"spirogyra",
"entropoy"
] | There are many examples in the chemical world of changes in entropy. Phase transitions are one obvious example. When a substance makes a transition from the liquid state to the gaseous state, the particles have many more possible arrangements, because they are no longer confined to a specified volume in which they are ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7201 | Lampreys use their sucker to feed on what part of other fish species? | [
"blood",
"heart",
"brain",
"liver"
] | Viruses are classified on the basis of several traits. For example, they may be classified by capsid shape, presence or absence of an envelope, and type of nucleic acid. Most systems of classifying viruses identify at least 20 virus families. Table below shows four examples of virus families and their traits. Have any ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6607 | Parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism are instances of what type of interaction? | [
"enzymatic",
"antibiotic",
"semantic",
"symbiotic"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7576 | The characteristic sound of a motorcycle buzzing by is an example of which effect? | [
"warp effect",
"doppler effect",
"polar effect",
"coreolis effect"
] | 17.4 Doppler Effect and Sonic Booms The characteristic sound of a motorcycle buzzing by is an example of the Doppler effect. The high-pitch scream shifts dramatically to a lower-pitch roar as the motorcycle passes by a stationary observer. The closer the motorcycle brushes by, the more abrupt the shift. The faster the ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1992 | After cell division what are the two new cells called? | [
"step cells",
"offspring cells",
"daughter cells",
"production cells"
] | Cell division is the process in which a cell divides to form two new cells. The original cell is called the parent cell. The two new cells are called daughter cells. All cells contain DNA. DNA is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information. Before a cell divides its DNA must be copied. That way, each daughter cell... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1164 | What do animals observe in others to help solve problems? | [
"patterns",
"function",
"communication",
"behavior"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10386 | Which radiations helps sterilize medical supplies? | [
"ions radiation",
"gamma radiation",
"ionizing radiation",
"beta radiation"
] | 32.4 Food Irradiation Ionizing radiation is widely used to sterilize medical supplies, such as bandages, and consumer products, such as tampons. Worldwide, it is also used to irradiate food, an application that promises to grow in the future. Food irradiation is the treatment of food with ionizing radiation. It is used... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11577 | What is the name of an element with a different number of neutrons? | [
"mineral",
"solution",
"isotope",
"reaction"
] | All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons, but some may have different numbers of neutrons. For example, all carbon atoms have six protons, and most have six neutrons as well. But some carbon atoms have seven or eight neutrons instead of the usual six. Atoms of the same element that differ in their ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5869 | What's the name for a cluster of genes, where one promoter serves adjacent genes? | [
"plasma",
"opteron",
"proton",
"nucleus"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_5688 | Hormones often regulate what through antagonistic functions? | [
"hypothesis",
"breathing",
"homeostasis",
"consciousness"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5847 | What are the most successful organisms on earth? | [
"pests",
"bacteria",
"humans",
"trees"
] | Bacteria are the most successful organisms on the planet. They lived on this planet for two billion years before the first eukaryotes and, during that time, evolved into millions of different species. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2569 | How does a cell's membrane keep extracellular materials from mixing with it's internal components? | [
"repels extracellular materials",
"provides a barrier",
"destroys extracellular materials",
"absorbs extracellular materials"
] | CHAPTER REVIEW 3.1 The Cell Membrane The cell membrane provides a barrier around the cell, separating its internal components from the extracellular environment. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, with hydrophobic internal lipid “tails” and hydrophilic external phosphate “heads. ” Various membrane proteins are s... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10941 | Where does visible light fall in between on the electromagnetic spectrum? | [
"infrared light and specific light",
"radio and infrared",
"infrared light and ultraviolet light",
"infrared light and gamma ray"
] | The only light that people can see is called visible light . It refers to a very narrow range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum that falls between infrared light and ultraviolet light. Within the visible range, we see light of different wavelengths as different colors of light, from red light, which has th... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3366 | Most hormones are controlled by what type of feedback, which causes the hormone to decrease its own production? | [
"positive",
"unusual",
"neutral",
"negative"
] | Most hormones are controlled by negative feedback in which the hormone feeds back to decrease its own production. This type of feedback brings things back to normal whenever they start to become too extreme. Positive feedback is much less common because it causes conditions to become increasingly extreme. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11260 | How do cancer cells typically spread from one part of the body to another? | [
"liver",
"kidneys",
"plasma",
"bloodstream"
] | Sometimes cancer cells break away from a tumor. If they enter the bloodstream, they are carried throughout the body. Then, the cells may start growing in other tissues. This is usually how cancer spreads from one part of the body to another. Once this happens, cancer is very hard to stop or control. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5374 | Which type of cell can carry out more functions, eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells? | [
"Prokaryotic Cells",
"chromosomal cells",
"eukaryotic cells",
"both"
] | In addition to having a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, a nucleus and ribosomes, eukaryotic cells also contain membrane-bound organelles . Each organelle in a eukaryote has a distinct function. Because of their complex level of organization, eukaryotic cells can carry out many more functions than prokaryotic cells. The mai... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5944 | How is sediment transported? | [
"winds",
"storms",
"currents",
"landslides"
] | The shore may have a lot of sediment washed from land or eroded from cliffs. The sediment is transported by currents. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_356 | What's another term for egg-laying mammals? | [
"monotremes",
"amphibians",
"viviparus",
"herbivores"
] | There are very few living species of monotremes, or egg-laying mammals. They include the echidna and platypus, both pictured in Figure below . Monotremes are found only in Australia and the nearby island of New Guinea. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4274 | The galápagos islands are a group of 16 volcanic islands 600 miles off the west coast of what continent? | [
"europe",
"south america",
"north america",
"asia"
] | The Galápagos Islands are a group of 16 volcanic islands 600 miles off the west coast of South America. The islands are famous for their many species found nowhere else. It was on these islands where Darwin began to develop his theory of evolution. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2154 | The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces what? | [
"blood",
"an alcohol",
"yeast",
"methane"
] | The reaction of an alkyl halide with an inorganic hydroxide base at elevated temperature produces an alcohol. The molecular reaction to produce methanol from iodomethane and sodium hydroxide is shown below. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1096 | The effects of which kind of selection are larger than the effects of direct natural selection on individuals? | [
"stranger selection",
"unnatural selection",
"kin selection",
"topical selection"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9174 | What is the standard unit for mass? | [
"meter",
"pound",
"ounce",
"kilogram"
] | The standard unit for mass is the kilogram . The kilogram's standard is a block of platinum-iridium metal kept near Paris, France. Other countries, of course, keep copies. A kilogram is denoted "kg" and is a multiple of the smaller unit of mass, the gram ("g"). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10942 | Having polar bonds may make a covalent compound what? | [
"polar",
"ionic",
"neutral",
"negatively charged"
] | Having polar bonds may make a covalent compound polar. A polar compound is one in which there is a slight difference in charge between opposite ends of the molecule. All polar compounds contain polar bonds. But having polar bonds does not necessarily result in a polar compound. It depends on how the atoms are arranged.... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1386 | What muscle is imperative to breathing in helping the air move in and out of the lungs? | [
"kidneys",
"uterus",
"spleen",
"diaphragm"
] | Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs. It depends on the muscle called the diaphragm. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7377 | What are natural resources which can be replaced in a relatively short period called? | [
"replaceable resources",
"materials resources",
"renewable resources",
"solvent resources"
] | Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time or are virtually limitless in supply. Renewable energy resources include sunlight, moving water, wind, biomass, and geothermal energy. Each of these energy resources is described in Table below . Resources such as sunlig... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8276 | Birds adapted wings and weathers for flight during what process? | [
"migration",
"evolution",
"variation",
"emergence"
] | Wings and feathers are two adaptations for flight that evolved in birds. Both are clearly displayed in the flying gull in Figure below . Wings evolved from the front limbs of a four-legged ancestor. The wings are controlled by large flight muscles in the chest. Feathers also help birds fly. They provide air resistance ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3437 | Besides increasing the potential, how else can you increase current in a circuit? | [
"increasing the heat",
"increasing the resistance",
"decreasing the resistance",
"decreasing the heat"
] | There are two ways to control the current in a circuit. Since the current is directly proportional to the potential difference and inversely proportional to the resistance, you can increase the current in a circuit by increasing the potential or by decreasing the resistance. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4780 | Glucagon and insulin are produced in what organ? | [
"thymus",
"hypothalamus",
"thyroid",
"pancreas"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4632 | At the earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of what above you? | [
"humidity",
"water",
"air",
"magnetic force"
] | 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid If your ears have ever popped on a plane flight or ached during a deep dive in a swimming pool, you have experienced the effect of depth on pressure in a fluid. At the Earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of air above you. This press... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4033 | What are the male gametes called? | [
"pollen",
"urea",
"cytoplasm",
"sperm"
] | Gametogenesis may differ between males and females. Male gametes are called sperm . Female gametes are called eggs . In human males, for example, the process that produces mature sperm cells is called spermatogenesis . During this process, sperm cells grow a tail and gain the ability to “swim,” like the human sperm cel... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11456 | The ocean is the largest marine biome. it is a continuous body of salt water that is relatively uniform in chemical composition; it is a weak solution of mineral salts and decayed what? | [
"uranium atoms",
"rock shards",
"biological matter",
"metal ores"
] | Marine Biomes The ocean is the largest marine biome. It is a continuous body of salt water that is relatively uniform in chemical composition; it is a weak solution of mineral salts and decayed biological matter. Within the ocean, coral reefs are a second kind of marine biome. Estuaries, coastal areas where salt water ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8520 | What type of scientists study the effects people have on their environment? | [
"integrated scientists",
"biological scientists",
"ecological scientists",
"environmental scientists"
] | Environmental scientists study the effects people have on their environment. This includes the landscape, atmosphere, water, and living things. These scientists ask all sorts of questions about how Earth systems are changing as a result of human actions. They try to predict what changes will come in the future. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_673 | What state is achieved when the body's internal environment is kept more-or-less constant? | [
"cancerous",
"consciousness",
"homeostasis",
"hypothesis"
] | The organ systems of the body work together to carry out life processes and maintain homeostasis. The body is in homeostasis when its internal environment is kept more-or-less constant. For example, levels of sugar, carbon dioxide, and water in the blood must be kept within narrow ranges. This requires continuous adjus... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_364 | What process is at work when warm air or water rises, and cool air or water sinks? | [
"evaporation",
"radiation",
"convection",
"moisture"
] | Warmer, lighter air is more buoyant than the cooler air above it. So the warm air rises. The cooler air is denser than the air beneath it. So it sinks down. This is convection: warm air rises, and cool air sinks. Warm fluids can undergo convection as well. This is described in the chapter Plate Tectonics . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11392 | When orders are sent from your brain to your legs, these signals pass through what type of cells? | [
"molecules",
"nerve cells",
"skin cells",
"mobility cells"
] | Cells, like these nerve cells, do not work in isolation. To send orders from your brain to your legs, for example, signals pass through many nerve cells. These cells work together to perform a similar function. Just as muscle cells work together, bone cells and many other cells do as well. A group of similar cells that... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3983 | What traits do the sponge and tarantula share? | [
"lifespan",
"lack of backbone",
"number of eyes",
"number of legs"
] | One trait invertebrates like the sponge and tarantula share is lack of a backbone. In fact, they don’t have any bones at all. These are defining traits of all invertebrates. Some invertebrates have a skeleton, but it isn’t made of bone. Many other traits of invertebrates show considerable diversity. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3381 | Bacteria are what kind of cell? | [
"prokaryotes",
"eukaryotes",
"protists",
"blood"
] | The rod-shaped organisms in Figure below are bacteria called Salmonella . Bacteria (bacterium, singular) are prokaryotes in the Bacteria Domain. The word Salmonella may sound familiar. That's because Salmonella is a common cause of food poisoning. Many other types of bacteria also cause human diseases. But not all bact... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5877 | In his work with pea plants, mendel performed what, which involves mating two true-breeding individuals that have different traits? | [
"hybridization",
"assimilation",
"mutations",
"cross-breeding"
] | These are plants that always produce offspring that look like the parent. By experimenting with true-breeding pea plants, Mendel avoided the appearance of unexpected traits in offspring that might occur if the plants were not true breeding. The garden pea also grows to maturity within one season, meaning that several g... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9761 | Many protists form what kind of beneficial association with other species? | [
"symbiotic",
"evolved",
"Facultative",
"Opportunistic"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_10281 | Mammals may either be herbivores, omnivores or what else? | [
"polyvores",
"neither",
"herbivores",
"carnivores"
] | Mammals may be herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores. They have four types of teeth, so they can eat a wide range of foods. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7288 | What is the term for the decayed remains of living organisms? | [
"necrosis",
"waste",
"intermediate material",
"humus"
] | Humus is the decayed remains of living organisms. Humus makes soil fertile. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4018 | Overproduction of offspring, combined with limited resources, results in what? | [
"contention",
"concentration",
"competition",
"continuation"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_1981 | Digestion and respiration are both facilitated by the pharynx, more commonly called the what? | [
"sinus",
"esophagus",
"nose",
"throat"
] | The Pharynx The pharynx (throat) is involved in both digestion and respiration. It receives food and air from the mouth, and air from the nasal cavities. When food enters the pharynx, involuntary muscle contractions close off the air passageways. A short tube of skeletal muscle lined with a mucous membrane, the pharynx... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5051 | Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid what? | [
"sunlight",
"exposure",
"human contact",
"detection by predators"
] | Many species use their body shape and coloration to avoid being detected by predators. The tropical walking stick is an insect with the coloration and body shape of a twig which makes it very hard to see when stationary against a background of real twigs (Figure 45.20a). In another example, the chameleon can change its... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7836 | Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord but not a? | [
"brain",
"nervous system",
"digestive system",
"backbone"
] | Cephalochordata: Cephalochordates include the lancelets ( Figure below ), fish-like marine animals often found half-buried in the sand. Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord but no backbone. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8533 | What are the pores in plants that keep certain gases and liquids in and out called? | [
"lesions",
"chloroplasts",
"stigmata",
"stomata"
] | Additional Land Plant Adaptations As plants adapted to dry land and became independent of the constant presence of water in damp habitats, new organs and structures made their appearance. Early land plants did not grow above a few inches off the ground, and on these low mats, they competed for light. By evolving a shoo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_212 | What are the most common seedless vascular plants? | [
"trees",
"ferns",
"grasses",
"weeds"
] | Ferns are the most common seedless vascular plants ( Figure below ). They usually have large divided leaves called fronds. In most ferns, fronds develop from a curled-up formation called a fiddlehead ( Figure below ). The fiddlehead looks like the curled decoration on the end of a stringed instrument, such as a fiddle.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8680 | Sickle cell anemia is what type of disorder? | [
"autosomal dominant disorder",
"spontaneous mutation",
"autosomal recessive disorder",
"nongenetic disorder"
] | Sickle-Shaped and Normal Red Blood Cells. Sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder. The mutation that causes the disorder affects just one amino acid in a single protein, but it has serious consequences for the affected person. This photo shows the sickle shape of red blood cells in people with sickle cell... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2940 | The rising and sinking of these can cause precipitation? | [
"underwater currents",
"temporary air currents",
"global air currents",
"circular air currents"
] | Global air currents affect precipitation. How they affect it varies with latitude ( Figure below ). Where air rises, it cools and there is precipitation. Where air sinks, it warms and causes evaporation. These patterns are part of the global wind belts. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10777 | Layers of placental transfer cells help transport nutrients to the embryos as they develop into what? | [
"fibroblasts",
"kinesins",
"keratinocytes",
"sporophytes"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10802 | The frequency of sound waves is measured in what unit? | [
"hertz",
"rads",
"decibel",
"watt"
] | The frequency of sound waves is measured in hertz (Hz), or the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a second. Human beings can normally hear sounds with a frequency between about 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Sounds with frequencies below 20 hertz are called infrasound . Infrasound is too low-pitched for humans to hear. S... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1594 | Roots grow in length and width from the primary and secondary what? | [
"pistil",
"meristem",
"frill",
"leaf"
] | Roots grow in length and width from primary and secondary meristem. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5309 | What does interspecific competition between species often lead to? | [
"symbiosis",
"immigration",
"evolution",
"extinction"
] | Interspecific competition often leads to extinction . The species that is less well adapted may get fewer of the resources that both species need. As a result, members of that species are less likely to survive, and the species may go extinct. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10849 | What is needed by all known forms of life? | [
"nitrogen",
"warmth",
"air",
"water"
] | Water is needed by all known forms of life. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11634 | Which system carries out long-distance transport of materials between the root and shoot systems? | [
"reproductive tissue system",
"vascular tissue system",
"circulatory tissue system",
"perceptual tissue system"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8336 | What is the term for the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves? | [
"bandwidth",
"arc wave",
"variation",
"wavelength"
] | Wavelength is one way of measuring the size of waves. It is the distance between two corresponding points on adjacent waves, usually measured in meters. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_28 | What is defined as a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time? | [
"generation",
"variation",
"evolution",
"divergence"
] | One idea is that evolution happens. Evolution is a change in the inherited traits of organisms over time. Living things have changed as descendants diverged from common ancestors in the past. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11439 | What is the term for a sac filled with fluid or other material? | [
"cyst",
"blister",
"lesion",
"tumor"
] | A common disorder of the ovaries is an ovarian cyst . A cyst is a sac filled with fluid or other material. An ovarian cyst is usually harmless, but it may cause pain. Most cysts slowly disappear and do not need treatment. Very large or painful cysts can be removed with surgery. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4793 | Magnetic resonance imaging devices use what to cool the superconducting magnets? | [
"fluorocarbons",
"liquid nitrogen",
"dry ice",
"antifreeze"
] | Magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) devices use liquid nitrogen to cool the superconducting magnets. Nitrogen is a gas at room temperature and liquefies at -195.8°C. Its neighbor on the periodic table (oxygen) boils at -182.95°C. The interactions between nitrogen molecules (N 2 ) are weaker, so the boiling point is lower.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3932 | What organ breaks down excess amino acids and toxins in the blood? | [
"liver",
"kidney",
"lungs",
"heart"
] | Salamanders can breathe with the help of gills, lungs, or their skin surface. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6674 | What theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases? | [
"mutated theory",
"germ theory",
"malignant theory",
"evolution theory"
] | The germ theory proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10788 | One crystalline form of calcium carbonate is the mineral sold as what? | [
"quartz",
"calcite",
"salt",
"basalt"
] | In our calculation, we have ignored the reaction of the weakly basic anion with water, which tends to make the actual solubility of many salts greater than the calculated value. Exercise One crystalline form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is the mineral sold as “calcite” in mineral and gem shops. The solubility of calcit... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9464 | A colloid is a homogeneous mixture with medium-sized what? | [
"atoms",
"molecules",
"particles",
"solutions"
] | A colloid is a homogeneous mixture with medium-sized particles. Examples include homogenized milk and gelatin. The particles of a colloid are large enough to reflect light, so you can see them. But they are too small to settle or filter out of the mixture. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7450 | What are the cone-like structures that contain sporangia called? | [
"medulla",
"contrail",
"gametes",
"strobili"
] | Leaves, Sporophylls, and Strobili A third innovation marks the seedless vascular plants. Accompanying the prominence of the sporophyte and the development of vascular tissue, the appearance of true leaves improved their photosynthetic efficiency. Leaves capture more sunlight with their increased surface area by employi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11064 | Normal body temperature is ideal for most of what type of reactions? | [
"theoretical",
"biochemical",
"plasma",
"gas"
] | Biochemical reactions are optimal at physiological temperatures. For example, most biochemical reactions work best at the normal body temperature of 98.6˚F. Many enzymes lose function at lower and higher temperatures. At higher temperatures, an enzyme’s shape deteriorates. Only when the temperature comes back to normal... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5426 | What is the term for the dark brown or black coating found on exposed desert rocks, which is formed of iron and manganese oxides? | [
"desert shadow",
"desert rust",
"desert varnish",
"desert patina"
] | Exposed rocks in desert areas often develop a dark brown or black coating called desert varnish ( Figure below ). Wind transports clay-sized particles that chemically react with other substances at high temperatures. The coating is formed of iron and manganese oxides. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11401 | The scientific revolution took place where starting in the 1500s? | [
"africa",
"north america",
"europe",
"south america"
] | People have probably wondered about the natural world for as long as there have been people. So it’s no surprise that science has roots that go back thousands of years. Some of the earliest contributions to science were made by Greek philosophers more than two thousand years ago. It wasn’t until many centuries later, h... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1166 | Where is the only place an electric charge can be found? | [
"neuron",
"translator",
"ion",
"conductor"
] | Electric charge is found only in a conductor. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5443 | What term means an area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce? | [
"heterozone",
"homozone",
"hybrid zone",
"common zone"
] | Reconnection After speciation, two species may recombine or even continue interacting indefinitely. Individual organisms will mate with any nearby individual who they are capable of breeding with. An area where two closely related species continue to interact and reproduce, forming hybrids, is called a hybrid zone. Ove... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_469 | An action potential that starts at the axon hillock moves along the axon only toward what? | [
"ionic pathways",
"the synaptic terminals",
"nerve endings",
"polar synapses"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8687 | Which system consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system? | [
"peripheral nervous system",
"spinal cord",
"auxiliary nervous system",
"cerebral cortex"
] | The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nervous tissue that lies outside the central nervous system. It is connected to the central nervous system by nerves. It has several divisions and subdivisions that transmit nerve impulses between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2980 | What is the term for the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain? | [
"thorax",
"pelvis",
"cranium (skull)",
"ribcage"
] | 7.2 | The Skull By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List and identify the bones of the brain case and face • Locate the major suture lines of the skull and name the bones associated with each • Locate and define the boundaries of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae, the temporal fossa, and... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_424 | What kind of mountainous formation can often be found near trenches? | [
"earthquakes",
"craters",
"caves",
"volcanoes"
] | deep sea trenches : Trenches are found in the sea. Some are near the edges of continents. Trenches are found near chains of active volcanoes. An example is the line of the very deepest blue, off of western South America. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8308 | How long does membrane depoloriazation typically last for? | [
"5 minutes",
"3 seconds",
"one minute",
"1 hour"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9623 | What type of young do scorpions produce? | [
"twins",
"guppies",
"identical",
"live"
] | Unlike the majority of arachnids, scorpions produce live young. The young are carried about on the mother’s back until they have molted at least once. They reach an age of between four to 25 years. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9529 | What is the reaction called when an acid and a base react? | [
"neutralization",
"oxidation",
"activation",
"decomposition"
] | When an acid and a base react, the reaction is called a neutralization reaction . That’s because the reaction produces neutral products. Water is always one product, and a salt is also produced. A salt is a neutral ionic compound. You can learn more about salts and how they form at this URL: http://www. youtube. com/wa... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3775 | What type of chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water? | [
"lead chloride",
"pink chloride",
"silver chloride",
"yellow chloride"
] | Silver chloride is a non-volatile material, but does not dissolve in water. What effect will it have on the vapor pressure of water?. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_609 | What is defined as the change of water from its liquid phase to its gaseous phase? | [
"evaporation",
"absorption",
"transpiration",
"condensation"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_9011 | Exposure to what causes skin color to darken? | [
"sunlight",
"hormones",
"pressure",
"heat"
] | Skin color darkens when exposed to the sun. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10818 | What is the process by which plants and animals increase in size? | [
"reproduction",
"grafting",
"splicing",
"growth"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_7448 | A pacemaker uses electrical shocks to stimulate the what to beat properly? | [
"pancreas",
"heart",
"liver",
"brain"
] | Shock Hazards Electrical currents through people produce tremendously varied effects. An electrical current can be used to block back pain. The possibility of using electrical current to stimulate muscle action in paralyzed limbs, perhaps allowing paraplegics to walk, is under study. TV dramatizations in which electric... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8055 | Are cnidarians typically found in ocean or fresh water habitats? | [
"rivers",
"freshwater",
"lakes",
"ocean"
] | Cnidarians can be found in almost all ocean habitats. A few species live in fresh water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_48 | What substances serve as catalysts in most of the biochemical reactions that take place in organisms? | [
"iseotrops",
"enzymes",
"hormones",
"carbohydrates"
] | Enzymes are involved in most of the biochemical reactions that take place in organisms. About 4,000 such reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes, but the number may be even higher. Enzymes allow reactions to occur at the rate necessary for life. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2857 | Proteins include 20 common types of what compounds? | [
"mitochondria",
"amino acids",
"dna",
"rna acids"
] | There are 20 common amino acids in proteins. There are 64 possible codons, more than enough to code for the 20 amino acids. The genetic code is shown in Figure below . To see how scientists cracked the genetic code, go to this link: http://www. dnalc. org/view/16494-Animation-22-DNA-words-are-three-letters-long-. html ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8614 | Which phylum is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms? | [
"annelida",
"nematoda",
"arthropod",
"chordata"
] | The phylum Annelida is made up of segmented worms such as earthworms. Segmented worms are divided into many repeating segments. There are roughly 15,000 species of annelids. Most belong to one of three classes. A species in each class is pictured in Figure below . | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5814 | What is the measure of the change in velocity of a moving object called? | [
"acceleration",
"stimulation",
"force",
"inclination"
] | Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which the change is occurring. It may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Like velocity, acceleration is a vector. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_89 | The activation of what kind of buds induces branching? | [
"leafy buds",
"axillary buds",
"arterial buds",
"lymphatic buds"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10164 | What type of plants grow on other plants? | [
"bryophytes",
"legumes",
"epiphytes",
"parasites"
] | Plants called epiphytes grow on other plants. They obtain moisture from the air and make food by photosynthesis. Most epiphytes are ferns or orchids that live in tropical or temperate rainforests (see Figure below ). Host trees provide support, allowing epiphyte plants to obtain air and sunlight high above the forest f... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9520 | What takes place in the organelle known as the chloroplast, which distinguishes animal from plant cells? | [
"photosynthesis",
"perspiration",
"digestion",
"reproduction"
] | Photosynthesis takes place in the organelle of the plant cell known as the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are one of the main differences between plant and animal cells. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts, so they cannot photosynthesize. Photosynthesis occurs in two stages. During the first stage, the energy from sunlig... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5194 | An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes what? | [
"actuator",
"electromagnet",
"inductive",
"radioactive"
] | An electric transformer connects two circuits with an iron core that becomes an electromagnet. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_710 | Osteoclasts break down bone to maintain mineral what? | [
"fluctuations",
"polarity",
"homeostatis",
"density"
] | Under the direction of osteocytes, osteoblasts continuously build up bone, while osteoclasts continuously break down bone to maintain mineral homeostasis. Bone tissues include compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and periosteum. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8373 | What can be calculated by solving the average speed formula? | [
"distance or mass",
"distance or time",
"accelaration",
"mass or time"
] | Competition is a relationship between organisms that depend on the same resources. Competition can occur between members of the same species or between members of different species. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9790 | Thylakoid membranes contain molecules of what green pigment used in photosynthesis? | [
"carbonate",
"sodium",
"copper",
"chlorophyll"
] | The structure of a chloroplast shows how membrane and molecular architecture helps life processes. A chloroplast consists of thylakoid membranes surrounded by stroma. The thylakoids stack on top of each other, like a stack of pancakes. The thylakoid stacks arrange chlorophyll, accessory pigment molecules, and photosynt... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8339 | Gain or loss of what causes an atom to become a negatively or positively charged ion? | [
"electrons",
"neutrons",
"nucleus",
"protons"
] | The girl pictured above became negatively charged because electrons flowed from the van de Graaff generator to her. Whenever electrons are transferred between objects, neutral matter becomes charged. This occurs even with individual atoms. Atoms are neutral in electric charge because they have the same number of negati... | A | null |
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