dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_4834 | What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system? | [
"crystallisation and sympathetic",
"empathetic and sympathetic",
"parasympathetic and sympathetic",
"neurons and sympathetic"
] | 31.3 Peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system is broken down into two sub-systems, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. ANS - Autonomic Nervous System The ANS has two components - parasympathetic and sympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" or fright re... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7370 | Frogs are amphibians that live part of the time in fresh water and rest of the time where? | [
"in stagnant water",
"on land",
"in salt water",
"underground"
] | Amphibians are vertebrates that live part of the time in fresh water and part of the time on land. They were the first vertebrates to evolve four legs and colonize the land. They most likely evolved from lobe-finned fish. Modern amphibians include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians. They are ectotherms, s... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6251 | What is the active ingredient in household bleach? | [
"iodine",
"magnesium",
"chlorine",
"oxygen"
] | Chlorine is the active ingredient in household bleach. It removes stains from clothes. It can also be used to disinfect countertops and other surfaces. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2734 | Organs, vessels, and lymph make up what system? | [
"circulatory",
"nervous",
"digestive",
"lymphatic"
] | The lymphatic system consists of organs, vessels, and lymph. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5599 | What are xylem and phloem responsible for transporting to the cells of leaves? | [
"light and gas",
"air and dirt",
"water and minerals",
"water and blood"
] | Veins are made primarily of xylem and phloem. They transport water and minerals to the cells of leaves and carry away dissolved sugar. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7352 | The direction of the force of gravity is in what direction? | [
"curved line",
"straight line",
"fragmented line",
"staggered line"
] | The direction of the force of gravity is in a straight line between two objects. It is always attractive. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1441 | In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for what? | [
"phosphate",
"chloride",
"oxygen",
"glucose"
] | 39.4 Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is comprised of two alpha and two beta subunits that surround an iron-containing heme group. Oxygen readily binds this heme group. The ability of oxygen to bind increases as more oxygen molecules are bound to heme. Dise... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_15 | Boron only occurs naturally in compounds with what element? | [
"carbon",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"helium"
] | Occurrence, Preparation, and Compounds of Boron and Silicon Boron constitutes less than 0.001% by weight of the earth’s crust. In nature, it only occurs in compounds with oxygen. Boron is widely distributed in volcanic regions as boric acid, B(OH)3, and in dry lake regions, including the desert areas of California, as ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6993 | What is a series of processes that remove unwanted substances from water called? | [
"water cleaning",
"water treatment",
"water filtration",
"water dilution"
] | Water treatment is a series of processes that remove unwanted substances from water. The goal of water treatment is to make the water safe to return to the natural environment or to the human water supply. Treating water for other purposes may not include all the same steps. That’s because water used in agriculture or ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8477 | What refers to the union of a male and female of the same species for reproduction? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"mating",
"behavior",
"dating"
] | Mating refers to the union of a male and female of the same species for reproduction. The relationship between mates varies by species. Adults may have many mates, or they may mate with just one individual. Mates may stay together only while mating. Or they may stay together for an entire breeding season or even for li... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_311 | The process of breaking down food into nutrients is known as __________ | [
"filtration",
"energy",
"absorption",
"digestion"
] | As food is pushed through the GI tract by peristalsis, it undergoes digestion. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients. There are two types of digestion: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9469 | What is a dip slip fault where the dip of the fault plane is vertical? | [
"strike - theory",
"incline slip",
"strike-slip",
"reverse slip"
] | A strike-slip fault is a dip-slip fault where the dip of the fault plane is vertical. Strike-slip faults result from shear stresses. If you stand with one foot on each side of a strike-slip fault, one side will be moving toward you while the other side moves away from you. If your right foot moves toward you, the fault... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4600 | Salt in seawater causes it to have greater what, which is also affected by temperature and pressure? | [
"mass",
"volume",
"area",
"density"
] | Seawater has lots of salts in it. This increases its density (mass per volume) over fresh water. Temperature and pressure also affect density. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7314 | Which gas is released by the group of archaea known as methanogens? | [
"methane",
"butane",
"sulfur",
"propane"
] | Archaea that produce methane are called methanogens. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10288 | Deletions remove one or more what from the dna? | [
"codons",
"nucleotides",
"genes",
"exons"
] | Similar to chromosomal alteration mutations, deletion or insertion mutations add or remove genetic information. Small deletions or insertions in the DNA will alter the reading frame. Deletions remove one or more nucleotides from the DNA, whereas insertions add one or more nucleotides into the DNA. These mutations in th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2695 | The presence of what makes soil hold together more tightly and enables it to hold more water? | [
"sand",
"salt",
"glass",
"clay"
] | Soils with lots of very small spaces are water-holding soils. When clay is present in a soil, the soil holds together more tightly. Clay-rich soil can hold more water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10919 | What natural destructive element cuts away at rock forming river valleys? | [
"air",
"sediment",
"water",
"lava"
] | Lactic acid fermentation converts the 3-carbon pyruvate to the 3-carbon lactic acid (C 3 H 6 O 3 ) (see Figure below ) and regenerates NAD + in the process, allowing glycolysis to continue to make ATP in low-oxygen conditions. Since there is a limited supply of NAD + available in any given cell, this electron acceptor ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_618 | The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and what? | [
"enamel",
"exoskeleton",
"cytoplasm",
"cerebellum"
] | The ostrich egg - unfertilized, of course. Yes, this egg, just like a human ovum, is just one cell. It is a gamete with a haploid number of chromosomes, formed through meiosis. The egg shell membrane encloses the nucleus containing the genetic material and the cytoplasm. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7688 | What happens when when the immune system does not work properly? | [
"diabetes",
"stroke",
"anemia",
"immunodeficiency"
] | Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is not working properly. As a result, it cannot fight off pathogens that a normal immune system would be able to resist. Most commonly, immunodeficiency diseases occur when T or B cells (or both) do not work as well as they should, or when your body doesn't produce enough ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7101 | Zinc is what kind of metal.? | [
"active move metal",
"active flow metal",
"passive stagnant metal",
"active transition metal"
] | Figure 18.7 Zinc is an active transition metal. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid, forming a solution of colorless Zn 2+ ions, Cl– ions, and hydrogen gas. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7697 | After citric acid forms, it goes through a series of reactions that release what, which is then captured in special molecules? | [
"metabolytes",
"energy",
"hydrogen",
"chlorophyll"
] | After citric acid forms, it goes through a series of reactions that release energy. The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH 2 , another energy-carrying compound. Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these reactions. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11450 | What property does coulomb electric force depend upon? | [
"electric charge",
"electric half",
"electric case",
"electric neutral"
] | Electromagnetism is associated with charge and is a fundamental force of nature, like gravity. If charges are static, the only manifestation of electromagnetism is the Coulomb electric force. In the same way that gravitational force depends on mass, the Coulomb electric force depends on the property known as electric c... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10112 | What is the term for a small organelle where proteins are made? | [
"capsule",
"ovary",
"atom",
"ribosome"
] | A ribosome is a small organelle where proteins are made. It’s like a factory in the cell. It gathers amino acids and joins them together into proteins. Unlike other organelles, the ribosome is not surrounded by a membrane. As a result, some scientists do not classify it as an organelle. Ribosomes may be found floating ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11523 | What causes the menstrual cycle to be repeated? | [
"uteris",
"ovaries",
"lack of fertilization",
"gravity"
] | The menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month on average. It includes changes in the uterus as well as development of an egg and ovulation. If fertilization does not occur, menstruation occurs and the cycle repeats. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4827 | Velocity affects what type of energy more than mass does? | [
"harmonic energy",
"mechanical energy",
"kinetic energy",
"magnetic energy"
] | This equation for kinetic energy shows that velocity affects kinetic energy more than mass does. For example, if mass doubles, kinetic energy also doubles. But if velocity doubles, kinetic energy increases by a factor of four. That’s because velocity is squared in the equation. You can see for yourself how mass and vel... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10608 | Water is allowed to flow downhill into a large turbine to harness power. what helps the turbine spin? | [
"kinetic energy",
"electrostatic energy",
"residual energy",
"polar energy"
] | To harness water power, a stream must be dammed. Narrow valleys are the best for dams. While sitting in the reservoir behind the dam, the water has potential energy. Water is allowed to flow downhill into a large turbine. While flowing downhill, the water has kinetic energy. Kinetic energy makes the turbine spin. The t... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_783 | Macrophages and dendritic cells are types of what" | [
"supercapacitor cells",
"amoena cells",
"phagocytic cells",
"mast cells"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_486 | How many different types of stresses are there? | [
"four",
"five",
"seven",
"three"
] | Stress is the force applied to a rock. There are four types of stresses:. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1395 | What large dwarf planet in our solar system was only discovered in 2005? | [
"artemis",
"Cerus",
"eris",
"zeus"
] | Eris is the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system. It is 27 percent larger than Pluto ( Figure above ). Like Pluto and Makemake, Eris is in the Kuiper belt. But Eris is about three times farther from the Sun than Pluto. Because of its distance, Eris was not discovered until 2005. Early on, it was thought that ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6615 | The values of which factors are controlled by the experimenter over the course of an experiment? | [
"independent approaches",
"independent elements",
"independent variables",
"other variables"
] | A variable is a factor that can change over the course of an experiment. Independent variables are factors whose values are controlled by the experimenter to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon (the dependent variable). Dependent variables change in response to the independent variable. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9423 | What happens when the blood cannot reach the heart because a blood vessel is blocked? | [
"heart attack",
"heart burn",
"pass out",
"fast heart beat"
] | A heart attack happens when the blood cannot reach the heart because a blood vessel is blocked. If cardiac muscle is starved of oxygen for more than roughly five minutes, it will die. Cardiac muscle cells cannot be replaced, so once they die, they are dead forever. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death o... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7003 | The number of protons in an atom is called what? | [
"isotope",
"metallic number",
"atomic number",
"mass number"
] | The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This number is unique for atoms of each kind of element. For example, the atomic number of all helium atoms is 2. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8518 | A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements is called? | [
"a cobalt",
"an alloy",
"a carbon",
"a hydrogen"
] | Steel is an example of an alloy. An alloy is a mixture of a metal with one or more other elements. The other elements may be metals, nonmetals, or both. An alloy is a solid solution. It is formed by melting a metal and dissolving the other elements in it. The molten solution is then allowed to cool and harden. Several ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9417 | In addition to glucose, what gas is used during cellular respiration? | [
"methane",
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"hydrogen"
] | Cellular respiration uses oxygen in addition to glucose. It releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Cellular respiration actually "burns" glucose for energy. However, it doesn't produce light or intense heat like burning a candle or log. Instead, it releases the energy slowly, in many small steps. The ener... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5007 | What kind of harm does a corrosive substance cause? | [
"Builds a crust",
"Rust objects",
"Attracts dust",
"eats through objects"
] | If a substance is corrosive, it can eat through objects. Many scientists have to work with chemicals that are corrosive or otherwise dangerous. That's one reason that following safety precautions in the laboratory or field is very important. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8219 | Alkenes with the same atoms but different shapes are called what? | [
"alcohols",
"isomers",
"monomers",
"isotopes"
] | Alkenes can have different shapes. They can form straight chains, branched chains, or rings. Alkenes with the same atoms but different shapes are called isomers. Smaller alkenes have relatively high boiling and melting points, so they are gases at room temperature. Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points, ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9845 | The amniotic sac is attached to what? | [
"uterus",
"placenta",
"Umbilical Cord",
"Stomach"
] | Attached to the placenta is the amniotic sac , an enclosed membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus (see Figure above ). It contains amniotic fluid, which consists of water and dissolved substances. The fluid allows the fetus to move freely until it grows to fill most of the available space. The fluid also cushio... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11268 | What type of force allows non-polar molecules to interact? | [
"london dispersion",
"graviitational force",
"experienced dispersion",
"centrifigal dispersion"
] | Non-polar molecules can interact by way of London dispersion forces. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10891 | The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive tissues and organs. in both sexes, the hypothalamus monitors and causes the release of hormones from this? | [
"pineal gland",
"anterior pituitary gland",
"hypothalamus gland",
"thyroid gland"
] | Hormonal Control of Reproduction The human male and female reproductive cycles are controlled by the interaction of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary with hormones from reproductive tissues and organs. In both sexes, the hypothalamus monitors and causes the release of hormones from the anterior pitu... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10726 | What is the small intestine lined with that helps with nutrient absorption? | [
"hilum",
"villi",
"cannula",
"bile"
] | Image copyright Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2013. The small intestine is lined with tiny villi that help absorb nutrients . Used under license from Shutterstock. com. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8667 | What is the term for stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape? | [
"vertical energy",
"potential energy",
"kinetic energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | A: Electric charges flow when they have electric potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6914 | What is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting? | [
"arithmya",
"hemophilia",
"hypertension",
"anemia"
] | Hemophilia is the name of a group of hereditary diseases that affect the body's ability to control blood clotting. Hemophilia is caused by a lack of clotting factors in the blood. Clotting factors are normally released by platelets. Since people with hemophilia cannot produce clots, any cut can put a person at risk of ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9203 | Unlike ionic compounds, covalent compounds do not have freely moving what? | [
"neutrons",
"atoms",
"Nuclei.",
"electrons"
] | Unlike ionic compounds, covalent compounds do not have freely moving electrons, so they cannot conduct electricity. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7404 | What do plasmodesmata connect to in the plant cell? | [
"sporozoans",
"nuclei",
"cytoplasms",
"pores"
] | Plasmodesmata are gaps between plant cells, connecting the cytoplasms of plant cells. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11420 | What do monarch butterfly larvae depend on for their food? | [
"honey",
"milkweeds",
"pollen",
"seaweed"
] | Another concern about biotechnology is how it may affect the environment. Negative effects on the environment have already occurred because of some GMOs. For example, corn has been created that has a gene for a pesticide. The corn plants have accidentally cross-pollinated nearby milkweeds. Monarch butterfly larvae depe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5378 | Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in what? | [
"vacuums",
"schools",
"organisms",
"fruits"
] | Genetics is the branch of biology that focuses on heredity in organisms. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2633 | What is the term for a solution that resists dramatic changes in ph? | [
"neutral",
"inert",
"stable",
"buffer"
] | As indicated in Section 12.4 "Strong and Weak Acids and Bases and Their Salts", weak acids are relatively common, even in the foods we eat. But we occasionally encounter a strong acid or base, such as stomach acid, which has a strongly acidic pH of 1.7. By definition, strong acids and bases can produce a relatively lar... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6080 | What type of change occurs when matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance with different chemical properties? | [
"physical",
"chemical",
"material",
"genetic"
] | Did you ever make a "volcano," like the one in Figure below , using baking soda and vinegar? What happens when the two substances combine? They produce an eruption of foamy bubbles. This happens because of a chemical change. A chemical change occurs when matter changes chemically into an entirely different substance wi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3647 | Macrophages, which can swallow and destroy old and dying cells, bacteria, or viruses, are large types of what cells? | [
"white brain cells",
"dendritic cells",
"red blood cells",
"white blood cells"
] | Macrophages are large WBCs that can also swallow and destroy old and dying cells, bacteria, or viruses. Below, a macrophage is attacking and swallowing two particles, possibly disease-causing pathogens ( Figure below ). Macrophages also release chemical messages that cause the number of WBCs to increase. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6010 | Energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products in what kind of chemical reaction? | [
"synthesis",
"endothermic",
"hydrostatic",
"anaphoric"
] | For an endothermic chemical reaction, energy is absorbed as reactants are converted to products. Exothermic and endothermic reactions can be thought of as having energy as either a product of the reaction or a reactant. Exothermic reactions give off energy, so energy is a product. Endothermic reactions require energy, ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7125 | Cirrus, stratus, and cumulus are the main types of what? | [
"storms",
"weather",
"clouds",
"climate"
] | Clouds are classified on the basis of where and how they form. Three main types of clouds are cirrus, stratus, and cumulus. Figure below shows these and other types of clouds. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_497 | What is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species? | [
"comparative embryology",
"example embryology",
"prenatal biology",
"diversified embryology"
] | Comparative embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species. Similarities in embryos are evidence of common ancestry. All vertebrate embryos, for example, have gill slits and tails. Most vertebrates, except for fish, lose their gill slits by adulthood. Some of them also l... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10603 | Name the three types of muscle tissue. | [
"smooth, long, tight",
"skeletal, cardiac, long",
"cardiac, smooth, long",
"skeletal, smooth, cardiac"
] | Figure 16.17 The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Notice that skeletal muscle cells are long and cylindrical, they have multiple nuclei, and the small, dark nuclei are pushed to the periphery of the cell. Smooth muscle cells are short, tapered at each end, ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7529 | In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the solution with the higher solute concentration is called what? | [
"hypertonic",
"hypothermic",
"acetic",
"hydrophilic"
] | Imagine now that you have a second cup with 100ml of water, and you add 45 grams of table sugar to the water. Just like the first cup, the sugar is the solute, and the water is the solvent. But now you have two mixtures of different solute concentrations. In comparing two solutions of unequal solute concentration, the ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1206 | What serves as a first responder to pathogenic threats that bypass natural physical and chemical barriers of the body? | [
"innate immune system",
"super immune system",
"cells immune system",
"immense immune system"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 42.1 Innate Immune Response The innate immune system serves as a first responder to pathogenic threats that bypass natural physical and chemical barriers of the body. Using a combination of cellular and molecular attacks, the innate immune system identifies the nature of a pathogen and responds with inf... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7689 | What is the beneficial function to the body of sweating? | [
"regulating body temperature",
"pheromone release",
"calorie loss",
"diuretic effect"
] | Sweating regulates body temperature. The composition of the sweat determines whether body odor is a byproduct of sweating. Visit this link (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sweating) to learn more about sweating and body odor. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1370 | What term is used to describe animals that excrete ammonia? | [
"ammonstand",
"xerophyte",
"spirogyra",
"ammonotelic"
] | 41.4 | Nitrogenous Wastes By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Compare and contrast the way in which aquatic animals and terrestrial animals can eliminate toxic ammonia from their systems • Compare the major byproduct of ammonia metabolism in vertebrate animals to that of birds, insects, and reptiles Of t... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11506 | The process of photosynthesis ultimately gets powered by what kind of energy? | [
"electricity",
"nonrenewable energy",
"light",
"biofuel"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_1884 | Muscles that move what long bone originate on the pelvic girdle? | [
"patella",
"femur",
"sacrum",
"tibia"
] | Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Femur Most muscles that insert on the femur (the thigh bone) and move it, originate on the pelvic girdle. The psoas major and iliacus make up the iliopsoas group. Some of the largest and most powerful muscles in the body are the gluteal muscles or gluteal group. The gluteus maximus ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3045 | Where do most ecosystems get their energy from? | [
"earth",
"heat",
"water",
"sun"
] | Most ecosystems get their energy from the Sun. Only producers can use sunlight to make usable energy. Producers convert the sunlight into chemical energy or food. Consumers get some of that energy when they eat producers. They also pass some of the energy on to other consumers when they are eaten. In this way, energy f... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6782 | What kind of organisms have many different types of specialized cells with particular jobs? | [
"intricate",
"multicellular",
"monocellular",
"crude"
] | All living cells have certain things in common. Besides having the basic parts described above, all cells can perform the same basic functions. For example, all cells can use energy, respond to their environment, and reproduce. However, cells may also have special functions. Multicellular organisms such as you have man... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1837 | Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into what type of energy inside their cells? | [
"chemical energy",
"mechanical energy",
"solar power",
"radiation energy"
] | Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy inside their cells. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_939 | Differences between organisms reflect differences between their nucleotide sequences rather than between their what? | [
"genetic codes",
"environments",
"molecular codes",
"amino acids"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_7051 | The distance that light can travel in a year is known as what? | [
"light year",
"solar year",
"beam year",
"earth year"
] | Most of the stars pictured in this view of the night sky are hundreds of light years from Earth. A light year is the distance that light can travel in a year, or about 6 trillion (6,000,000,000,000) miles. As this example shows, quantities in science may be very large. Many other quantities in science are very small. B... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5158 | What type of electrons are attracted to the positive nucleus? | [
"passive electrons",
"particular electrons",
"negative electrons",
"turbulent electrons"
] | Avoid close contact with people who are sick. This includes kissing, hugging, shaking hands, and sharing cups or eating utensils. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9940 | What is the smallest particle of an element that still has the element’s properties? | [
"an electron",
"an ion",
"an atom",
"a nucleus"
] | The smallest particle of an element that still has the element’s properties is an atom . All the atoms of an element are alike, and they are different from the atoms of all other elements. For example, atoms of gold are the same whether they are found in a gold nugget or a gold ring (see Figure below ). All gold atoms ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7585 | What classification system was developed by a swedish botanist trying to classify all known living things? | [
"taxonomical system",
"bionumerical system",
"linnaean system",
"plantological system"
] | All modern classification systems have their roots in the Linnaean classification system. It was developed by Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700s. He tried to classify all living things that were known at his time. He grouped together organisms that shared obvious physical traits, such as number of legs or s... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3130 | Latitude affects the amount of which radiation a place receives? | [
"molecular",
"thermal",
"surface",
"solar"
] | Latitude affects the amount of solar radiation a place receives. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3402 | What is a group of similar ecosystems with the same general abiotic factors and primary producers called? | [
"population",
"biome",
"ecological environment",
"ecoculture"
] | Sahara Desert in northern Africa (left). Rainforest in northeastern Australia (right). Two very different biomes are pictured here. A biome is a group of similar ecosystems with the same general abiotic factors and primary producers. Both are found at roughly the same distance from the equator. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11059 | What is made up of the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum? | [
"the inner ear",
"the epidermis",
"the nervous system",
"the outer ear"
] | The outer ear includes the pinna, ear canal, and eardrum. These structures gather sound waves, funnel them into the ear, and pass the vibrations to the middle ear. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7778 | In science, coefficients are used to balance what kind of equations? | [
"mineral",
"isolated",
"chemical",
"liquid"
] | Equations in chemistry must balance. There must be the same number of each type of atom in the products as there is in the reactants. Coefficients are used to balance chemical equations. They show how many atoms or molecules of a substance are involved in a reaction. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7953 | Which cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems? | [
"neurons",
"blood cells",
"epithelial cells",
"myocyte"
] | Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sintestine) that depicts the structure of the small intestine, and, in particular, the villi. Epithelial cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the small intestine, the produc... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1918 | What is the term of a phase change if solid water has it's average kinetic energy increased to change it to liquid water? | [
"boiling",
"freezing",
"evaporation",
"melting"
] | Problem-Solving Strategies for the Effects of Heat Transfer 1. Examine the situation to determine that there is a change in the temperature or phase. Is there heat transfer into or out of the system? When the presence or absence of a phase change is not obvious, you may wish to first solve the problem as if there were ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1648 | How many different ways can molecules pass through a phospholipid membrane? | [
"six",
"four",
"three",
"five"
] | There are three main ways that molecules can pass through a phospholipid membrane. The first way requires no energy input by the cell and is called passive transport. The second way requires that the cell uses energy to pull in or pump out certain molecules and ions and is called active transport. The third way is thro... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9138 | What are the largest known proteins called? | [
"titins",
"obscures",
"sporozoans",
"aminos"
] | A protein is an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids . There are 20 different amino acids commonly found in the proteins of living organisms. Small proteins may contain just a few hundred amino acids, whereas large proteins may contain thousands of amino acids. The largest known proteins are t... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10222 | What substance are physical objects are made of? | [
"friction",
"matter",
"gravity",
"energy"
] | To understand minerals, we must first understand matter. Matter is the substance that physical objects are made of. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2105 | The mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be hundreds of times the what of the molecule? | [
"variation",
"density",
"diameter",
"weight"
] | If you have ever been in a room when a piping hot pizza was delivered, you have been made aware of the fact that gaseous molecules can quickly spread throughout a room, as evidenced by the pleasant aroma that soon reaches your nose. Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second),... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3697 | Banging on a drum is an example of which type of energy? | [
"molecular",
"potential",
"solar.",
"mechanical"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1892 | What field of study is called the language of science? | [
"linguistics",
"physics",
"logic",
"mathematics"
] | The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interacti... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1220 | What are most fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains rich in? | [
"cholesterol",
"cellulose",
"magnesium",
"calcium"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10943 | Shortening of muscle fibers is called what?` | [
"shrinking",
"diffusion",
"contraction",
"diffusion"
] | Each muscle in the body is made up of cells called muscle fibers. Muscle fibers are long, thin cells that can do something that other cells cannot do—they are able to get shorter. Shortening of muscle fibers is called contraction . Muscle fibers can contract because they are made of proteins, called actin and myosin, t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4384 | Restoring nitrogen to the soil is one reason for what agricultural practice? | [
"sowing",
"crop rotation",
"irrigation",
"plowing"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_2580 | Evolution occurs because of changes in what over time? | [
"genomes",
"atoms",
"alleles",
"mitochondria"
] | We now know how variation in traits is inherited. Variation in traits is controlled by different alleles for genes. Alleles, in turn, are passed to gametes and then to offspring. Evolution occurs because of changes in alleles over time. How long a time? That depends on the time scale of evolution you consider. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8910 | What method do scientists use to answer questions? | [
"scientific method",
"inquisitive method",
"solutive method",
"regulatory method"
] | Scientists use the scientific method to answer questions. The scientific method is a series of steps. These steps help scientists (or even just people!) investigate a question. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4011 | What causes halide minerals to form? | [
"salt water evaporation",
"salt water ionization",
"fresh water ionization",
"salt water accumulation"
] | Halide minerals are salts. They form when salt water evaporates. This mineral class includes more than just table salt. Halide minerals may contain the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Some will combine with metal elements. Common table salt is a halide mineral that contains the elements chlorine and so... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4942 | What are reversible physical changes in matter called? | [
"chemical change",
"transformations",
"alterations",
"changes of state"
] | Changes of state are physical changes in matter. They are reversible changes that do not change matter’s chemical makeup or chemical properties. For example, when fog changes to water vapor, it is still water and can change back to liquid water again. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10151 | What paired organs that are part of the urinary system play the prime role in excretion? | [
"ovaries",
"liver",
"lungs",
"kidneys"
] | Each of the above organs of excretion is also part of another body system. For example, the large intestine and liver are part of the digestive system, and the lungs are part of the respiratory system. The kidneys are the main organs of excretion. They are part of the urinary system. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8165 | Atoms that have gained electrons and become negatively charged are called what? | [
"negative ions",
"anions",
"cations",
"negative atoms"
] | Changes to the nucleus of an atom require tremendous amounts of energy, so protons are not easily gained or lost by atoms. Electrons, on the other hand, are held fairly loosely and can often be removed quite easily. When an object loses some electrons, the remaining object is now positively charged because it has an ex... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4426 | What is the ability of an atom to emit, or give off, charged particles and energy from the nucleus? | [
"radioactivity",
"electromagnetism",
"magnetism",
"electrolysis"
] | Radioactivity is the ability of an atom to emit, or give off, charged particles and energy from the nucleus. The charged particles and energy are called by the general term radiation . Only unstable nuclei emit radiation. When they do, they gain or lose protons. Then the atoms become different elements. (Be careful not... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6098 | What system is involved in diseases that include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis? | [
"nervous system",
"circulatory system",
"immune system",
"digestion system"
] | One example is type 1 diabetes . In this disease, the immune system attacks cells of the pancreas. Other examples are multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In multiple sclerosis , the immune system attacks nerve cells. This causes weakness and pain. In rheumatoid arthritis , the immune system attacks the cells o... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_372 | Both diffusion and effusion are related to the speed at which what objects move? | [
"copper molecules",
"gas molecules",
"solids",
"electricity"
] | A related process to diffusion is the effusion. Effusion is the process of a confined gas escaping through a tiny hole in its container. Effusion can be observed by the fact that a helium-filled balloon will stop floating and sink to the floor after a day or so. This is because the helium gas effuses through tiny pores... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8821 | Photoreceptors in each ocellus receive light only through the opening where there are none of which cells? | [
"secreted",
"pigmented",
"clear",
"opqaue"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_4933 | What disease unique to humans and is caused by two variola viruses? | [
"ebola",
"diabetes",
"AIDS",
"smallpox"
] | A worldwide vaccination campaign by the World Health Organization led to the eradication of smallpox in 1979. Smallpox is a contagious disease unique to humans and is caused by two Variola viruses. The eradication of smallpox was possible because humans are the only carriers of the virus. To this day, smallpox is the o... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4606 | What chemical reaction is the opposite of oxidation? | [
"mutation",
"evaporation",
"reduction",
"condensation"
] | The chemical reaction that is the opposite of oxidation is called reduction. Following from the notion that oxidation was originally thought to mean only the addition of oxygen, reduction was thought to be only the removal of oxygen from a substance. Many naturally occurring metal ores are present as oxides. The pure m... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1665 | The measure of a substances entropy at 25 degrees celsius is known as it's? | [
"limited entropy",
"specific entropy",
"new entropy",
"standard entropy"
] | As the temperature of a perfect crystal increases, its particles start to vibrate slightly around their optimal positions, thus increasing the entropy of the system. The dependence of entropy on temperature varies by substance, so the only temperature at which all crystals have the same entropy is absolute zero. The st... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2647 | What state of matter has a definite volume, but takes the shape of the container? | [
"plasma",
"liquid",
"solid",
"gas"
] | Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of the container. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6677 | What is it called when rays focus at different distances from the lens? | [
"spherical aberration",
"carbon aberration",
"constant aberration",
"angular aberration"
] | Figure 26.30 Spherical aberration is caused by rays focusing at different distances from the lens. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9851 | Along with other functions, what do carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids provide for the body? | [
"muscle",
"carbon",
"energy",
"hydrogen"
] | Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids provide energy and have other important roles in the body. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4861 | Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and what? | [
"covalent double bonds",
"gravitational double bonds",
"wavefunction double bonds",
"trivalent bonds"
] | Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and covalent double bonds. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10203 | What do you call a device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color? | [
"laser",
"optical diffuser",
"fusion relay",
"light meter"
] | Did you ever see a cat chase after a laser light, like the one in Figure below ? A laser is a device that produces a very focused beam of visible light of just one wavelength and color. Waves of laser light are synchronized so the crests and troughs of the waves line up. The diagram in Figure below shows why a beam of ... | A | null |
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