dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_406 | The great astronomer edwin hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our milky way galaxy with velocities proportional to their what? | [
"distances",
"masses",
"dimensions",
"paths"
] | (a) A jet airplane flying from Darwin, Australia, has an air speed of 260 m/s in a direction 5.0º south of west. It is in the jet stream, which is blowing at 35.0 m/s in a direction 15º south of east. What is the velocity of the airplane relative to the Earth? (b) Discuss whether your answers are consistent with your e... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1750 | What are major temperature zones primarily based on? | [
"longitude",
"altitude",
"gps",
"latitute"
] | Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. Therefore, major temperature zones are based on latitude . They include tropical, temperate, and arctic zones (see Figure below ). However, other factors besides latitude may also influence temperature. For example, land near the ocean may have cooler summers and warmer ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2727 | Chloroplasts are present only in cells of eukaryotes capable of what process? | [
"hydrolysis",
"digestion",
"photosynthesis",
"sexual reproduction"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4527 | Water that is lost through the skin through evaporation from the skin surface without overt sweating and from air expelled from the lungs is known as what? | [
"insensible water loss",
"dehydration",
"osmotic process",
"logical water loss"
] | 26.2 | Water Balance By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain how water levels in the body influence the thirst cycle • Identify the main route by which water leaves the body • Describe the role of ADH and its effect on body water levels • Define dehydration and identify common causes of dehydration O... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9906 | What type of cells are gametes? | [
"immune",
"cardiac",
"reproductive",
"proteins"
] | Sperm are male gametes, or reproductive cells. Sperm form when certain cells in the male reproductive system divide by meiosis to form haploid cells. Being haploid means they have half the number of chromosomes of other cells in the body. An adult male may produce millions of sperm each day!. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9005 | During grafting, the part of the plant that is grafted is called? | [
"stem",
"roots",
"stock",
"scion"
] | Artificial Methods of Asexual Reproduction These methods are frequently employed to give rise to new, and sometimes novel, plants. They include grafting, cutting, layering, and micropropagation. Grafting Grafting has long been used to produce novel varieties of roses, citrus species, and other plants. In grafting, two ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11371 | An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the most abundant component is what? | [
"blood",
"water",
"air",
"oxygen"
] | An aqueous solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the most abundant component is water. The other substance(s) are typically introduced in a solid or liquid form and mixed into the water until they are evenly distributed. For example, if we placed a sample of ethanol in water and mixed it homogeneously, we would ha... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8693 | All of the living things in an area and the nonliving environment together make up what? | [
"taiga",
"biome",
"ecosystem",
"biosphere"
] | An ecosystem consists of all the living things in a given area, together with the nonliving environment. The nonliving environment includes water, sunlight, and other physical factors. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9749 | Does the stream-lined body featured on most fish increase or decrease water resistance? | [
"quickens",
"precipitates",
"decrease",
"increases"
] | Fish typically have a stream-lined body. This reduces water resistance. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11628 | Large viruses began as what type of cells inside bigger host cells? | [
"parasitic",
"simple",
"symbiotic",
"static"
] | Large viruses were once parasitic cells inside bigger host cells. Over time, genes needed to survive and reproduce outside host cells were lost. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4191 | The pine tree is the sporophyte; its sporangia are located on scalelike structures packed densely where? | [
"in cones",
"in the bark",
"in the needles",
"in the limb tips"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8068 | In dioecious animals, females generally produce what contribution to reproduction? | [
"intelligence",
"eggs",
"warmth",
"milk"
] | During sexual reproduction, two parents are involved. Most animals are dioecious , meaning there is a separate male and female sex, with the male producing sperm and the female producing eggs. When a sperm and egg meet during fertilization , a zygote , the first cell of a new organism, is formed ( Figure below ). This ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9059 | In science, what is a bit of information that is true? | [
"falsehood",
"a fact",
"theory",
"lie"
] | Scientists usually begin an investigation with facts. A fact is a bit of information that is true. Facts come from data collected from observations. Facts can also come from experiments that have been run. Data is factual information that results from an investigation. Facts and data are not subject to opinion or bias.... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1136 | Find the overall magnification of what instrument by finding the magnification of the objective, then the magnification of the eyepiece? | [
"Fixing microscope",
"belt microscope",
"part microscope",
"compound microscope"
] | Example 26.5 Microscope Magnification Calculate the magnification of an object placed 6.20 mm from a compound microscope that has a 6.00 mm focal length objective and a 50.0 mm focal length eyepiece. The objective and eyepiece are separated by 23.0 cm. Strategy and Concept This situation is similar to that shown in Fig... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3707 | Some sea anemones establish what kind of relationship with hermit crabs by attaching to the crab’s shell? | [
"predatory",
"pathogenic",
"parasitic",
"mutualistic"
] | The mouth of a sea anemone is surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes. The slit-like mouth opening and pharynx are lined by a groove called a siphonophore. The pharynx is the muscular part of the digestive system that serves to ingest as well as egest food, and may extend for up to two-thirds the length of the bod... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8779 | The mass lost in mass defect has gone into energy called what? | [
"momentum",
"kinetic energy",
"binding energy",
"enthalpy"
] | The mass lost in mass defect has gone into energy that is called binding energy. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3447 | Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they what? | [
"distinct",
"interaction",
"interact",
"division"
] | Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and how they interact, mainly at the level of atoms and molecules. Basic concepts in chemistry include chemicals and chemical reactions. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2048 | Sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is acidic and soluble in what substance? | [
"salt",
"air",
"water",
"oxygen"
] | sulfate is used as a cleaning agent because it is water soluble and acidic. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_150 | What are alloys that are mostly composed of mercury known as? | [
"amalgams",
"compounds",
"fillings",
"halogens"
] | Alloys that are mostly composed of mercury are known as amalgams . Amalgams often have special properties that stem from the fact that mercury exists as a liquid at room temperature. As a result, metal amalgams are used for a variety of purposes, including dentistry and the extraction of other pure metals such as gold. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_807 | What is the term for environmental causes of mutations? | [
"catalysts",
"carcinogens",
"mutagens",
"pollutants"
] | A mutation is a change in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. Environmental causes of mutations are called mutagens. The effects of a mutation depend on the type of mutation and whether it occurs in a gamete or body cell. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11519 | What process refers to the changes that occur in populations of living organisms over time? | [
"spontaneous mutation",
"adaptation",
"variation",
"evolution"
] | The term evolution describes the changes that occur in populations of living organisms over time. Describing these changes does not address the origin of life. The two are commonly and mistakenly confused. Biological evolution likewise says nothing about cosmology, the Big Bang, or where the universe, galaxy, solar sys... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8510 | Although individuals of a given species are genetically similar, they are not identical; every individual has a unique set of these? | [
"chromosomes",
"traits",
"mutations",
"habits"
] | The generation of genetic maps requires markers, just as a road map requires landmarks (such as rivers and mountains). Early genetic maps were based on the use of known genes as markers. More sophisticated markers, including those based on non-coding DNA, are now used to compare the genomes of individuals in a populati... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9062 | What type of mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain? | [
"mammles",
"amphibians",
"primates",
"apes"
] | Primates include monkeys, apes and humans. These mammals are characterized by detailed development of the hands and feet, a shortened snout, and a large brain. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1436 | Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what? | [
"hexoses",
"fluxes",
"alucoxes",
"structoxes"
] | Figure 3.5 Glucose, galactose, and fructose are all hexoses. They are structural isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but a different arrangement of atoms. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_289 | A turbine that spins a generator will produce? | [
"electricity",
"light",
"magnetic fields",
"solar energy"
] | You can follow the operation of an electricity-generating fission reactor in the image above. The reactor core is submerged in a pool of water. The heat from the fission reaction heats the water, which is pumped into a heat exchange container. There the heated water boils the water in the heat exchanger. The produced s... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11645 | What scientist created the modern system for classifying organisms? | [
"Pasteur",
"Bohr",
"Newton",
"linnaeus"
] | Linnaeus published his classification system in the 1700s. Since then, many new species have been discovered. The biochemistry of many organisms has also become known. Eventually, scientists realized that Linnaeus’s system of classification needed revision. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3251 | The direct conversion of a solid to a gas, without an intervening liquid phase, is called what? | [
"insertion",
"sublimation",
"amplification",
"isolation"
] | The direct conversion of a solid to a gas, without an intervening liquid phase, is calledsublimation. The amount of energy required to sublime 1 mol of a pure solid is theenthalpy of sublimation (ΔHsub). Common substances that sublime at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0°C, 1 atm) include CO2 (dry ice); iodine ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6563 | The male and female reproductive system is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) produced by what gland? | [
"adrenal",
"pituitary",
"testes",
"thyroid"
] | 17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones The male and female reproductive system is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. In males, FSH stimulates sperm matu... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7100 | What is the top 200 meters of water in the ocean called? | [
"over zone",
"photic zone",
"organelle zone",
"thymic zone"
] | ocean zone in the top 200 meters of water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1152 | Apical dominance, seed germination, gravitropism, and resistance to freezing are all positively influenced by what type of chemicals in plants? | [
"photosynthesis",
"pesticides",
"enzymes",
"hormones"
] | Jasmonates play a major role in defense responses to herbivory. Their levels increase when a plant is wounded by a predator, resulting in an increase in toxic secondary metabolites. They contribute to the production of volatile compounds that attract natural enemies of predators. For example, chewing of tomato plants b... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5607 | When something is described as "hydrophilic", you can determine something about how it interacts with what? | [
"water",
"iron",
"air",
"hydrogen"
] | hydrophilic heads are directed outward, in contact with the water. Each micelle may contain thousands of lipid molecules. Polar lipids may also form a monolayer, a layer one molecule thick on the surface of the water. The polar heads face into water, and the nonpolar tails stick up into the air. Bilayers are double lay... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7053 | What is it called when feces move along the colon too slowly? | [
"diarrhea",
"constipation",
"relaxation",
"respiratory"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_986 | What do electric motors use to change electrical energy into kinetic? | [
"generators",
"resonances",
"fans",
"electromagnets"
] | Many common electric devices, such as doorbells, contain electromagnets. If they have moving parts, they are likely to have an electric motor. An electric motor is a device that uses an electromagnet to change electrical energy to kinetic energy. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_385 | What is the force of attraction between things that have mass | [
"momentum",
"friction",
"gravity",
"motion"
] | Gravity has traditionally been defined as a force of attraction between things that have mass. The strength of gravity between two objects depends on their mass and their distance apart. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_663 | Fossil fuel consumption is a major contributor to global emissions of what gas? | [
"methane",
"oxygen",
"carbon dioxide",
"carbon monoxide"
] | Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production. The black line represents all emission types combined. The colored lines show emissions from individual fossil fuels. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3046 | When a solute dissolves into a solvent what is that called? | [
"solubility",
"enthalpy",
"mixing",
"viscosity"
] | Enthalpy changes also occur when a solute undergoes the physical process of dissolving into a solvent. Hot packs and cold packs (see Figure below ) use this property. Many hot packs use calcium chloride, which releases heat when it dissolves according to the equation below. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10271 | The trade winds are nearest what? | [
"poles",
"equator",
"boundary plates",
"inland"
] | The wind belts have names. The Trade Winds are nearest the equator. The next belt is the westerlies. Finally are the polar easterlies. The names are the same in both hemispheres. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8114 | What is the name of the life stage when a child becomes sexually mature? | [
"adolescence",
"adulthood",
"maturity",
"puberty"
] | Puberty is the stage of life when a child becomes sexually mature. Puberty lasts from about 12 to 18 years of age in boys and from about 10 to 16 years of age in girls. The age when puberty begins is different from one child to another. Children that begin puberty much earlier or later than their peers may feel self-co... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10470 | What is the name of the organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids? | [
"plasma membrane",
"mitochondria",
"nucleus",
"endoplasmic reticulum"
] | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that helps make and transport proteins and lipids. It’s made of folded membranes. Bits of membrane can pinch off to form tiny sacs called vesicles. The vesicles carry proteins or lipids away from the ER. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11512 | What type of mammal gives birth to young that need to develop further in the mother's pouch after birth? | [
"humans",
"whales",
"marsupials",
"aborigines"
] | Marsupials give birth to a tiny, immature embryo. The embryo then continues to grow and develop in a pouch on the mother’s belly. This is less risky for the mother. However, the embryo is fragile, so it may be less likely to survive than the fetus of a placental mammal. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4498 | Amines are bases; they react with acids to form what? | [
"proteins",
"oils",
"salts",
"ions"
] | Amines are bases; they react with acids to form salts. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1734 | After dispersal of a seed, what next step may occur if environmental conditions are favorable? | [
"bloom",
"degradation",
"infection",
"germination"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_10487 | What are ingrowths on arthropod exoskeletons to which muscles attach? | [
"pores",
"joints",
"apodemes",
"rods"
] | Figure 33.3 Apodemes are ingrowths on arthropod exoskeletons to which muscles attach. The apodemes on this crab leg are located above and below the fulcrum of the claw. Contraction of muscles attached to the apodemes pulls the claw closed. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3650 | Gall bladder removal surgery does not seriously affect digestion because ______ is still being produced. | [
"plasma",
"blood",
"saliva",
"bile"
] | Note Surgical removal is often advised for a gallbladder that becomes infected, inflamed, or perforated. This surgery does not seriously affect digestion because bile is still produced. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5296 | What is the type of cell division that produces gametes? | [
"meiosis",
"mitosis",
"electrolysis",
"budding"
] | Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8531 | How do hydrogen bonds help ions and other polar molecules? | [
"activate in water",
"dissolve in water",
"change in water",
"solidify in water"
] | 2.2 Water Water has many properties that are critical to maintaining life. It is a polar molecule, allowing for the formation of hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water. Therefore, water is an. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_993 | What type of energy is clean and does not release greenhouse gases? | [
"geothermal energy",
"lithosphere energy",
"coal",
"natural gas"
] | Geothermal energy is clean and does not release greenhouse gases. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_896 | How do most fish reproduce with one another? | [
"sexually",
"on land",
"asexually",
"same sex"
] | Fish reproduce sexually. They lay eggs that can be fertilized either inside or outside of the body. In most fish, the eggs develop outside of the mother's body. In the majority of these species, fertilization also takes place outside the mother's body. The male and female fish release their gametes into the surrounding... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1866 | Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few of? | [
"organs",
"genes",
"lesions",
"blood cells"
] | Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2733 | What forms when cells start to grow out of control? | [
"moles",
"fat",
"tumor",
"inflammation"
] | Cancer of the testes is most common in males aged 15 to 35. It occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control and form a tumor. If found early, cancer of the testes usually can be cured with surgery. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7213 | Why does ice wedging occur? | [
"water freezes",
"water melts",
"water evaporates",
"water expands"
] | Ice wedging happens because water expands as it goes from liquid to solid. When the temperature is warm, water works its way into cracks in rock. When the temperature cools below freezing, the water turns to ice and expands. The ice takes up more space. Over time, this wedges the rock apart. Ice wedging is very effecti... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9704 | The majority of cells in blood are erythrocytes or? | [
"s.a blood cells",
"red blood cells",
"50.3 blood cells",
"Deep Blood Cells"
] | Primary Centers of the Immune System Although the immune system is characterized by circulating cells throughout the body, the regulation, maturation, and intercommunication of immune factors occur at specific sites. The blood circulates immune cells, proteins, and other factors through the body. Approximately 0.1 perc... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5336 | What structures sweep laterally, hugging the pelvic walls, then turn medially and pierce the bladder wall obliquely? | [
"tubules",
"catheters",
"ureters",
"fallopian tube"
] | Ureters The kidneys and ureters are completely retroperitoneal, and the bladder has a peritoneal covering only over the dome. As urine is formed, it drains into the calyces of the kidney, which merge to form the funnel-shaped renal pelvis in the hilum of each kidney. The hilum narrows to become the ureter of each kidne... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4433 | Where does most natural gas come from? | [
"recycled cooking oil",
"oceans",
"wells that produce petroleum",
"alchemy"
] | Most natural gas comes from the wells that produce petroleum. An increasing amount comes from a new method. Hydraulic fracturing, called fracking , is very much in the news lately. Fracking makes it easier and quicker to get natural gas from the rock ( Figure below ). | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1657 | What types of blood cells are required for aerobic respiration? | [
"large blood cells",
"red blood cells",
"white blood cells",
"grey blood cells"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_7284 | In which period of the periodic table is nickel found? | [
"fourth period",
"First Period",
"Third Period",
"Second Period"
] | The period to which a given element belongs can easily be determined from its electron configuration. For example, consider the element nickel (Ni). Its electron configuration is [Ar]3 d 8 4 s 2 . The highest occupied principal energy level is the fourth, indicated by the 4 in the 4 s 2 portion of the configuration. Th... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11188 | Comprised mainly of collagen and associated with long bones and the skull, hyaline is the most widespread type of what? | [
"enzymes",
"collagen",
"cytoplasm",
"tissue"
] | Cartilage: There are three cartilage types: 1. hyaline cartilage 2. fibrocartilage (fibrous cartilage) 3. elastic cartilage Hyaline cartilage: most widespread cartilage type, in adults forms articular surfaces of long bones, rib tips, rings of trachea, and parts of skull. Mostly collagen, name refers to glassy appearan... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1618 | What kind of reproduction is vegetative reproduction? | [
"asexual",
"sexual",
"meiosis",
"mitosis"
] | Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction found in plants. This type of reproduction occurs when new individuals are formed without the production of seeds or spores. The formation of new plants out of rhizomes or stolons is an example of vegetative reproductive, such as in the strawberry plant. Other p... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3907 | Within a group, the ionization energy decreases as the size of the atom gets what? | [
"brighter",
"larger",
"smaller",
"lighter"
] | Within a group, the ionization energy decreases as the size of the atom gets larger. On the graph, we see that the ionization energy increases as we go up the group to smaller atoms. In this situation, the first electron removed is farther from the nucleus as the atomic number (number of protons) increases. Being farth... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6297 | What is the evolutionary history of a group of related organisms called? | [
"phylogeny",
"superfamily",
"ancestry",
"lineage"
] | Linnaeus classified organisms based on obvious physical traits. Basically, organisms were grouped together if they looked alike. After Darwin published his theory of evolution in the 1800s, scientists looked for a way to classify organisms that showed phylogeny. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of relat... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11352 | The moon has a crust, mantle, and a? | [
"mountain range",
"magnetic field",
"ice cap",
"core"
] | The Moon has a crust, mantle, and core. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_74 | Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in what soil layer, allowing it to hold more water? | [
"topsoil",
"subsoil",
"silt",
"subsurface"
] | Below the topsoil is the “B” horizon. This is also called the subsoil . Soluble minerals and clays accumulate in the subsoil. Because it has less organic material, this layer is lighter brown in color than topsoil. It also holds more water due to the presence of iron and clay. There is less organic material in this lay... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10418 | Living organisms are affected by changes in ph which can include basic conditions and what other kinds of conditions? | [
"acidic",
"sodium",
"carbolic",
"complex"
] | 3.3 Acidic and basic conditions affect living organisms. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6487 | Plants can absorb inorganic nutrients and water through their root system, and what gas from the environment? | [
"chemical dioxide",
"hydrogen dioxide",
"nitrogen dioxide",
"carbon dioxide"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 31.1 Nutritional Requirements of Plants Plants can absorb inorganic nutrients and water through their root system, and carbon dioxide from the environment. The combination of organic compounds, along with water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight, produce the energy that allows plants to grow. Inorganic compo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_780 | The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called what? | [
"melanin",
"chloroplasm",
"chlorophyll",
"sodium"
] | The chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll, which captures the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Like plant cells, photosynthetic protists also have chloroplasts. Some bacteria also perform photosynthesis, but they do not have chloroplasts. Their photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoi... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_922 | What is the measurement for the amount of water vapor in the air? | [
"ambient",
"humidity",
"saturation",
"haze"
] | A: Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air. When humidity is high, sweat evaporates more slowly because there is already a lot of water vapor in the air. The slower evaporation rate reduces the potential for evaporative cooling. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3256 | Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is known as what? | [
"kinetic respiration",
"digestive respiration",
"aerobic respiration",
"anaerobic respiration"
] | Then, about 2 or 3 billion years ago, oxygen was gradually added to the atmosphere by early photosynthetic bacteria. After that, living things could use oxygen to break down glucose and make ATP. Today, most organisms make ATP with oxygen. They follow glycolysis with the Krebs cycle and electron transport to make more ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4333 | What do anglerfish use their glow-in-the-dark, rod-like structure for? | [
"to attract prey",
"to keep warm",
"to find a mate",
"for protection"
] | Anglerfish. This anglerfish lives between 1000 and 4000 meters below sea level. No sunlight penetrates to this depth. The rod-like structure on its face has a glow-in-the-dark tip. It is covered with microorganisms that give off their own light. The fish wiggles the structure like a worm to attract prey. In the darknes... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3295 | What is the name for birds that live on water like ducks? | [
"landfowl",
"guineafowl",
"waterfowl",
"gamefowl"
] | Waterfowl are birds that live on the water. These include ducks, geese, swans, and pelicans, to name a few. Landfowl are ground-feeding birds such as chickens and turkeys. Penguins are a group of flightless birds adapted for life in the water with flippers. Diurnal raptors are birds of prey that hunt during the day. Th... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9961 | Most members of what mammalian order possess opposable thumbs? | [
"marsupials",
"amphibians",
"rodents",
"primates"
] | Most primates have opposable thumbs. An opposable thumb can be brought into opposition with the other fingers of the same hand. This allows the hand to grasp and hold things. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3103 | What weather phenomenon can raise sea level as much as 25 feet when low pressure pulls water upward? | [
"earthquake surge",
"storm rise",
"storm surge",
"cloud formation"
] | Some of the damage done by storms is from storm surge . Low pressure in a storm pulls water upward. Water piles up at a shoreline as storm winds push waves into the coast. Storm surge may raise sea level as much as 7.5 m (25 ft). This can be devastating in a shallow land area when winds, waves, and rain are intense. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3097 | What is a popular treatment for kidney failure? | [
"metastasis",
"dialysis",
"electrolysis",
"psychotherapy"
] | Uncontrolled diabetes may damage capillaries of nephrons. As a result, the kidneys lose much of their ability to filter blood. This is called kidney failure . The only cure for kidney failure is a kidney transplant, but it can be treated with dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure in which blood is filtered through ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6538 | What is the term for the horizontal displacement of a projectile from its starting point? | [
"type",
"range",
"Distance",
"produce"
] | In projectile motion, the horizontal displacement of an object from its starting point is called its range. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11400 | The desire to understand how and why things happen is shared by all branches of what? | [
"science",
"population",
"government",
"society"
] | Scientists may focus on very different aspects of the natural world. For example, some scientists focus on the world of tiny objects, such as atoms and molecules. Other scientists devote their attention to huge objects, such as the sun and other stars. But all scientists have at least one thing in common. They want to ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1262 | In mammals what does the zona pellucida protect? | [
"testes",
"fetus",
"sperm",
"egg"
] | Fertilization Fertilization, pictured in Figure 43.23a is the process in which gametes (an egg and sperm) fuse to form a zygote. The egg and sperm each contain one set of chromosomes. To ensure that the offspring has only one complete diploid set of chromosomes, only one sperm must fuse with one egg. In mammals, the eg... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8689 | The third line of defense of the immune system is called? | [
"the asymptomatic response",
"the sudden response",
"the immune response",
"the malignant response"
] | Like the immune systems of other vertebrates, the human immune system is adaptive. If pathogens manage to get through the body’s first two lines of defense, the third line of defense takes over. The third line of defense is referred to as the immune response . This defense is specific to a particular pathogen, and it a... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9419 | Scrubbers and catalytic converters are examples of technologies that change what into harmless compounds? | [
"contaminants",
"mutations",
"pollutants",
"toxins"
] | Some of the pollutants from fossil fuels can be filtered out of exhaust before it is released into the air ( Figure below ). Other pollutants can be changed to harmless compounds before they are released. Two widely used technologies are scrubbers and catalytic converters. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1899 | Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are? | [
"blurry",
"darker",
"invisible",
"inverted"
] | Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal. This causes images to be focused in back of the retina. Hyperopia can be corrected with convex lenses. The lenses focus images farther forward in th... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2019 | Gene expression is regulated primarily at the what level? | [
"binding",
"translational",
"manufacturing",
"transcriptional"
] | Gene expression is regulated primarily at the transcriptional level. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2507 | What is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value? | [
"measurement",
"ambient",
"respiration",
"graduation"
] | Measurement is the process of making an observation in terms of a numerical scale and recording the value. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6454 | Cations are attracted to anions, which are ions with what charge? | [
"similar",
"positive",
"neutral",
"negative"
] | 2.2 Chemical Bonds Each moment of life, atoms of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and the other elements of the human body are making and breaking chemical bonds. Ions are charged atoms that form when an atom donates or accepts one or more negatively charged electrons. Cations (ions with a positive charge) are attracted to an... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6177 | What do erythrocytes carry and deliver to tissues in the body? | [
"oxide",
"carbon",
"oxygen",
"Helium"
] | The cell found in greatest abundance in blood is the erythrocyte. Erythrocytes are counted in millions in a blood sample: the average number of red blood cells in primates is 4.7 to 5.5 million cells per microliter. Erythrocytes are consistently the same size in a species, but vary in size between species. For example,... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1920 | Virtually all of the effects of pregnancy can be attributed in some way to the influence of what? | [
"enzymes",
"acids",
"proteins",
"hormones"
] | Effects of Hormones Virtually all of the effects of pregnancy can be attributed in some way to the influence of hormones—particularly estrogens, progesterone, and hCG. During weeks 7–12 from the LMP, the pregnancy hormones are primarily generated by the corpus luteum. Progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum stimulat... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6025 | Thomson’s plum pudding model shows the structure of what? | [
"atom",
"cell",
"DNA",
"nucleus"
] | Following the discovery of the electron, J. J. Thomson developed what became known as the “ plum pudding ” model in 1904. Plum pudding is an English dessert similar to a blueberry muffin. In Thomson’s plum pudding model of the atom, the electrons were embedded in a uniform sphere of positive charge like blueberries stu... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7864 | What begins when an oogonium with the diploid number of chromosomes undergoes mitosis? | [
"morphogenesis",
"gametogenesis",
"germination",
"oogenesis"
] | Oogenesis begins long before birth when an oogonium with the diploid number of chromosomes undergoes mitosis. It produces a diploid daughter cell called a primary oocyte. The primary oocyte, in turn, starts to go through the first cell division of meiosis (meiosis I). However, it does not complete meiosis until much la... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1626 | As ph increases what happens to a solution? | [
"depends on the solution",
"becomes more basic",
"becomes less basic",
"stays the same"
] | The deprotonated form of an acid is referred to as its conjugate base. Similarly, the protonated form of a base is referred to as its conjugate acid. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7320 | When electrons move from one atom to another, they become what? | [
"atoms",
"ions",
"neons",
"particles"
] | All compounds form when atoms of different elements share or transfer electrons. In water, the atoms share electrons. In some other compounds, called ionic compounds , atoms transfer electrons. The electrons actually move from one atom to another. When atoms transfer electrons in this way, they become charged particles... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2823 | What is the term for the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes? | [
"genetic testing",
"manual engineering",
"genetic cloning",
"genetic engineering"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4615 | Where are some of the greatest concentrations of species found? | [
"in the tropics",
"in mould colonies",
"at high altitudes",
"in the arctic"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_130 | In what way do all vertebrates reproduce? | [
"sexually",
"mitosis",
"asexually",
"biologically"
] | Vertebrates reproduce sexually, and almost all have separate male and female sexes. Aquatic species generally have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species usually have internal fertilization. Vertebrates have one of three reproductive strategies, known as ovipary, ovovivipary, or vivipary. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8342 | Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by which cells? | [
"leukocytes",
"interferons",
"platelets",
"phagocytic"
] | Antibodies also mark pathogens for destruction by phagocytic cells, such as macrophages or neutrophils, because phagocytic cells are highly attracted to macromolecules complexed with antibodies. Phagocytic enhancement by antibodies is called opsonization. In a process called complement fixation, IgM and IgG in serum bi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4779 | Carbon and what are the second and third most abundant elements in your body? | [
"calcium",
"helium",
"mercury",
"hydrogen"
] | 2.4 | Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Compare and contrast inorganic and organic compounds • Identify the properties of water that make it essential to life • Explain the role of salts in body functioning • Distinguish between acids and bases, and ex... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_902 | Are coral reefs found in warm or cold water? | [
"cold",
"warm",
"both",
"cool"
] | Coral reefs are found only in warm water. Coal swamps are also found in tropical and subtropical environments. Wegener discovered ancient coal seams and coral reef fossils in areas that are much too cold today. Wegener thought that the continents have moved since the time of Pangaea. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1149 | In mammals, the cells on the exterior form the trophectoderm, which goes on to form what? | [
"aeroponics tissues",
"extraembryonic tissues",
"protoplanetary tissues",
"cardiac tissues"
] | organism’s life cycle is as subject to the effects of evolutionary pressures as any other (although it is easy to concentrate our attentions on adult forms and behaviors). The study of these processes, known as embryology, is beyond our scope here, but we can outline a few common themes. If fertilized eggs develop outs... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6827 | Ions can be formed when atoms lose what other particles? | [
"shells",
"neutrons",
"electrons",
"protons"
] | By losing an electron, the sodium atom becomes a sodium ion. It now has more protons than electrons and a charge of +1. Positive ions such as sodium are given the same name as the element. The chemical symbol has a plus sign to distinguish the ion from an atom of the element. The symbol for a sodium ion is Na + . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_888 | What do skeletal muscles enable the body to do? | [
"look",
"eat",
"move",
"breathe"
] | Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal muscles enable the body to move. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1122 | Use of oil-consuming bacteria to clean up an oil spill is an example of what? | [
"bioremediation",
"coagulation",
"generation",
"biodegradation"
] | Using Prokaryotes to Clean up Our Planet: Bioremediation Microbial bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes (or microbial metabolism) to remove pollutants. Bioremediation has been used to remove agricultural chemicals (pesticides and fertilizers) that leach from soil into groundwater. Certain toxic metals, such as sele... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3940 | What impact can plaque in an artery have on the flow of blood? | [
"no effect",
"restriction",
"allergic reaction",
"increased flow"
] | Normally blood needs to flow freely through our arteries. Plaque in an artery can restrict the flow of blood. As you can probably imagine, this is not an ideal situation. And eating right, exercising, and not smoking can help keep your arteries healthy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3841 | What orbits an atoms' nucleus? | [
"neutrally charged ions",
"positively charged protons",
"negatively charged electrons",
"isotopes"
] | An atom has negatively-charged electrons in orbit around its nucleus. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9766 | What does the vertebral column , or backbone, protect? | [
"disks",
"spinal cord",
"neurons",
"axons"
] | The primary feature shared by all vertebrates is the vertebral column , or backbone. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord. | B | null |
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