dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_2859 | What can destroy living cells, produce mutations and cause cancer? | [
"plasma rays",
"stingrays",
"gamma rays",
"prismatic rays"
] | Gamma rays can destroy living cells, produce mutations, and cause cancer. They can be used to treat cancer by focusing the deadly rays on cancer cells. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_715 | The oxygen regions of the water molecules have what kind of charge? | [
"positive",
"certain",
"neutral",
"negative"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_8392 | Ice ages, continental drift, and giant meteorites striking earth have caused what phenomenon? | [
"depletion",
"waves",
"extinction",
"gravity"
] | The evolution of life on Earth wasn’t always smooth and steady—far from it. Living things had to cope with some astounding changes. Giant meteorites struck Earth’s surface. Continents drifted and shifted. Ice ages buried the planet in snow and ice for millions of years at a time. At least five times, many, if not most,... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_514 | What waves are the broad range of electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies? | [
"light",
"microwaves",
"radio",
"sound"
] | Radio waves are the broad range of electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. They are used for radio and television broadcasts, microwave ovens, cell phone transmissions, and radar. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10175 | Most vascular plants are seed plants, also known as? | [
"fungus",
"bacteria",
"sporozoans",
"spermatophytes"
] | Most vascular plants are seed plants, or spermatophytes. They reproduce with seeds and pollen. Some modern seed plants are gymnosperms that produce seeds in cones. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7860 | An elastic collision is one that conserves internal energy of what type? | [
"seismic",
"thermal",
"potential",
"kinetic"
] | 8.4 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension Let us consider various types of two-object collisions. These collisions are the easiest to analyze, and they illustrate many of the physical principles involved in collisions. The conservation of momentum principle is very useful here, and it can be used whenever the net externa... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3572 | What do you call the set of seventeen chemical elements possessing particular importance for a variety of industrial processes, used frequently in modern technology? | [
"reactive elements",
"rare earth metals",
"base chemicals",
"fossil fuel"
] | The rare earth metals are a set of seventeen chemical elements (the lanthanide series plus scandium and yttrium) that have particular importance for a variety of industrial processes and are used frequently in modern technology. Despite their name, rare earth metals are actually relatively abundant in the earth’s crust... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_585 | Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are what kind of organs? | [
"floral",
"animal",
"reproductive",
"marine"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_6158 | What is the hormone produced in high-stress situations? | [
"adrenalin",
"somatostatin",
"thyroxine",
"testosterone"
] | In the health sciences, the concentration of a solution is typically expressed asparts per thousand (ppt), indicated as a proportion. For example, adrenalin, the hormone produced in high-stress situations, is available in a 1:1000 solution, or one gram of adrenalin per 1000 g of solution. The labels on bottles of comme... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9200 | Like all tetrapods except birds and mammals, frogs possess a heart with what structure? | [
"three chambers",
"eight chambers",
"four chambers",
"One Chamber"
] | Adult frogs are characterized by long hind legs, a short body, webbed finger-like parts, and the lack of a tail. They also have a three-chambered heart, as do all tetrapods except birds and mammals. Most frogs live part of the time in water and part of the time on land. They move easily on land by jumping or climbing. ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5184 | What is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds? | [
"covalent network solid",
"covalent bond element",
"compound metal",
"covalent mixture"
] | One type of molecular compound behaves quite differently than that described so far. A covalent network solid is a compound in which all of the atoms are connected to one another by covalent bonds. Diamond is composed entirely of carbon atoms, each bonded to four other carbon atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. Melting a ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10422 | What term describes a disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own cells? | [
"acute",
"contagious",
"inflammatory",
"autoimmune"
] | An autoimmune disease is a disease in which the immune system attacks the body’s own cells. Why this happens is not known for certain, but a combination of genetic and environmental factors are likely to be responsible. Type 1 diabetes is an example of an autoimmune disease. In this case, the immune system attacks cell... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_969 | Which part of all mammals have the same basic bone structure? | [
"necks",
"forelimbs",
"knees",
"ankles"
] | The forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic bone structure. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10440 | What type of solid has atoms arranged in a repeating pattern? | [
"ions",
"metals",
"crystals",
"hydrocarbons"
] | Some solids are not crystals. Glass, or the rock obsidian, are solid. However, they are not crystals. In a crystal , the atoms are arranged in a pattern. This pattern is regular and it repeats. The image below shows how the atoms are arranged in halite (table salt) ( Figure below ). Halite contains atoms of sodium and ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2231 | What organism carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration? | [
"obligate anaerobes",
"metabolites",
"aerobicc enzymes",
"aldehydes"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_4221 | What substance, involved in most biochemical reactions, is essential to life? | [
"nitrogen",
"air",
"water",
"carbon"
] | Water is involved in most biochemical reactions. Therefore, water is essential to life. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9996 | What are animal fats and oils such as olive and vegetable oil classified as? | [
"amino acids",
"proteins",
"lipids",
"inorganic compounds"
] | A: Lipids that are fats include butter and the fats in meats. Lipids that are oils include olive oil and vegetable oil. Examples of both types of lipids are pictured in the Figure below . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4186 | After the film is developed, any unexposed silver bromide must be removed by a process called what? | [
"fixing",
"washing",
"sweeping",
"watering"
] | After the film is developed, any unexposed silver bromide must be removed by a process called “fixing”; otherwise, the entire film would turn black with additional exposure to light. Although silver bromide is insoluble in water, it is soluble in a dilute solution of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3; photographer’s hypo) be... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5738 | Most animals are in which clade? | [
"eutheria",
"synapsids",
"metazoa",
"bilateria"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_4491 | Which process breaks down glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism? | [
"mitosis",
"glycolysis",
"photosynthesis",
"meiosis"
] | Glycolysis You have read that nearly all of the energy used by living things comes to them in the bonds of the sugar, glucose. Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism. Many living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. Glycolysis takes place in... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9862 | What area beneath the earth's surface do magma collects? | [
"underneath chambers",
"erosion chambers",
"magma chambers",
"hot chambers"
] | Magma collects in magma chambers beneath Earth’s surface. Magma chambers are located where the heat and pressure are great enough to melt rock. These locations are at divergent or convergent plate boundaries or at hotpots. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1653 | The uranium series is a chain constituting one what, which encompass naturally occurring isotopes of the heaviest elements? | [
"radioactive decay family",
"gland decay family",
"fuel decay family",
"nuclear decay family"
] | Radioactive Decay Series The naturally occurring radioactive isotopes of the heaviest elements fall into chains of successive disintegrations, or decays, and all the species in one chain constitute a radioactive family, or radioactive decay series. Three of these series include most of the naturally radioactive element... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4723 | How do bees communicate to tell other bees where food is located? | [
"wing flapping",
"waggle dance",
"high pitch noise",
"mating dance"
] | Animals may communicate by sight with gestures, body postures, or facial expressions. Look at the cat in Figure below . There’s no mistaking the meaning of its arched back, standing hair, and exposed fangs. It’s clearly saying “stay away, or else!” Bees communicate with a waggle dance. They use it to tell other bees wh... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7551 | What distant and extraordinarily energetic objects now seem to be early stages of galactic evolution with a supermassive black-hole-devouring material? | [
"neutrinos",
"stars",
"pulsars",
"quasars"
] | the history of galactic evolution has been, and the nature of space in their vicinity. However, so many black holes are now known that correlations between black hole mass and galactic nuclei characteristics are being studied. What is the mechanism for the energy output of quasars? These distant and extraordinarily ene... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_208 | In most animals, what sense is related to balance or equilibrium? | [
"hearing",
"vision",
"feeling",
"tasting"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_5376 | Animals that do not have internal control of their body temperature are called what? | [
"photophores",
"cold-blooded",
"athermal",
"ectotherms"
] | Thermoregulation Animals can be divided into two groups: those that maintain a constant body temperature in the face of differing environmental temperatures, and those that have a body temperature that is the same as their environment and thus varies with the environmental temperature. Animals that do not have internal... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7657 | In many species, display behaviors, like a gorilla beating on its chest, are used instead of actual physical attacks to show what? | [
"dominance",
"friction",
"aggression",
"stress"
] | In many species, display behaviors—rather than actual physical attacks—are used to show aggression. This helps prevent injury and death. Male gorillas, for example, are more likely to put on a display of aggression than to attack another male. In fact, gorillas have a whole series of display behaviors that they use to ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5119 | In response to high blood osmolarity, which can occur during dehydration or following a very salty meal, the osmoreceptors signal the posterior pituitary to release this? | [
"salt",
"adrenaline",
"antidiuretic hormone (adh)",
"oxygen"
] | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) The solute concentration of the blood, or blood osmolarity, may change in response to the consumption of certain foods and fluids, as well as in response to disease, injury, medications, or other factors. Blood osmolarity is constantly monitored by osmoreceptors—specialized cells within the h... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8488 | Proteins are one of four classes of what type of compounds? | [
"synthesized",
"genetic",
"biochemical",
"hormonal"
] | Proteins are one of four classes of biochemical compounds. Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9299 | Which protein, that stores oxygen in muscle cells, has been purified from a number of organisms? | [
"potassium",
"myoglobin",
"melanin",
"iodine"
] | Myoglobin, a protein that stores oxygen in muscle cells, has been purified from a number of organisms. The protein from a sperm whale is composed of 153 amino acid units. What is the minimum number of nucleotides that must be present in the mRNA that codes for this protein?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8260 | Unlike a crystalline solid, an amorphous solid is a solid that lacks a what? | [
"atoms",
"color",
"weight",
"ordered internal structure"
] | Unlike a crystalline solid, an amorphous solid is a solid that lacks an ordered internal structure. Some examples of amorphous solids include rubber, plastic, and gels. Glass is a very important amorphous solid that is made by cooling a mixture of materials in such a way that it does not crystallize. Glass is sometimes... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6545 | Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that occurs mainly in what population? | [
"female adults",
"younger adults",
"older adults",
"white adults"
] | Alzheimer’s disease is another disease that occurs mainly in older adults. In Alzheimer’s disease, a person gradually loses most normal mental functions. The patient typically suffers from increasing memory loss, confusion, and mood swings. The cause of Alzheimer’s isn’t known for certain, but it appears to be associat... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9389 | Where are the somas of sensory neurons located in the spinal cord? | [
"frontal root ganglia",
"penetration root ganglia",
"dorsal root ganglia",
"frontal head ganglia"
] | Figure 35.29 Spinal nerves contain both sensory and motor axons. The somas of sensory neurons are located in dorsal root ganglia. The somas of motor neurons are found in the ventral portion of the gray matter of the spinal cord. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6515 | What is the term for a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected? | [
"mutualism",
"commensalism",
"parasitism",
"pollenation"
] | Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is not affected. An example is the relationship between birds called cattle egrets and cattle (see Figure below ). Cattle egrets feed on insects. They follow cattle herds around to take advantage of the insects stirred up by ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8188 | What direction are sediments deposited? | [
"vertically",
"diagonally",
"horizontally",
"magnetic poles"
] | Sediments are deposited horizontally so sedimentary rock layers are originally horizontal. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9855 | What consists mainly of parenchymal cells with chloroplasts? | [
"mitochondria",
"chlorophyll",
"mesophyll",
"periosteum"
] | Mesophyll makes up most of the leaf’s interior. This is where photosynthesis occurs. Mesophyll consists mainly of parenchymal cells with chloroplasts. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4533 | How is a reaction described when the given conditions favor formation of products? | [
"planned",
"instantaneous",
"fluctuations",
"spontaneous"
] | Chemists want to be able to predict the outcome of reactions. They would like it to be possible to predict what will happen when reactants are added together under a given set of conditions. The conditions of a reaction might include things like temperature, pressure, and concentrations of various reaction components. ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9837 | Alveoli can be found in which organ in the human body? | [
"lungs",
"Stomach",
"Heart",
"Liver"
] | Respiratory tree: terminates in alveolus, alveoli. Respiratory bronchioles branch into alveolar ducts and into alveoli. Alveolus: microscopic air sacs, 300 million of these in human lungs. Total surface area large. Gas diffuses micrometer, very tiny distance. Nervous System Composed of tissues designed to integrate sen... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5241 | What carries blood away from the heart? | [
"pores",
"veins",
"capillaries",
"arteries"
] | Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins return blood to the heart. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4955 | Which planet is closest to the sun? | [
"Venus",
"mercury",
"Earth",
"Jupiter"
] | The four planets closest to the Sun - Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars - are the inner planets . They are similar to Earth. All are solid, dense, and rocky. None of the inner planets has rings. Compared to the outer planets, the inner planets are small. They have shorter orbits around the Sun and they spin more slowly. ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9114 | When methane burns, what is produced along with carbon dioxide? | [
"nitrogen",
"hydrogen",
"water",
"oxygen"
] | Compounds can also react with oxygen, possibly creating oxides of more than one element. When methane burns, carbon dioxide and water are produced. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4747 | What is regulated to ensure that the correct proteins are made? | [
"variation expression",
"acids expression",
"gene expression",
"Fat expression"
] | Gene expression is regulated to ensure that the correct proteins are made when and where they are needed. Regulation may occur at any point in the expression of a gene, from the start of transcription to the processing of a protein after translation. The focus in this lesson is the regulation of transcription. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1580 | What occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles? | [
"ovulation",
"pregnancy",
"copulation",
"fertilization"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_9576 | In classical physics, momentum is a simple product of mass and this? | [
"direction",
"acceleration",
"velocity",
"speed"
] | In classical physics, momentum is a simple product of mass and velocity. However, we saw in the last section that when special relativity is taken into account, massive objects have a speed limit. What effect do you think mass and velocity have on the momentum of objects moving at relativistic speeds? Momentum is one o... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3435 | What is cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen known as? | [
"anaerobic respiration",
"kinetic respiration",
"digestive respiration",
"aerobic respiration"
] | Cellular respiration that proceeds in the presence of oxygen is aerobic respiration. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4254 | In vascular plants, what two basic structures are made of dermal, vascular, and ground tissues? | [
"fruits and nuts",
"roots and seed",
"stems and flowers",
"roots and stems"
] | Like roots, the stems of vascular plants are made of dermal, vascular, and ground tissues. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3137 | Because atoms are always electrically neutral, for each added proton, one of what is also added? | [
"electron",
"ion",
"neutron",
"quark"
] | From left to right across the periodic table, each element has one more proton than the element to its left. Because atoms are always electrically neutral, for each added proton, one electron is also added. Electrons are added first to the lowest energy level possible until that level is full. Only then are electrons a... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11158 | At certain times of year, a stream or river may overflow its banks. what is the area of land that is flooded called? | [
"floodplain",
"inlet",
"run off",
"lowland"
] | At certain times of year, a stream or river may overflow its banks. The area of land that is flooded is called the floodplain. The floodplain may be very wide where the river flows over a nearly flat surface. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6383 | Mass and volume are examples of what kind of properties? | [
"varied properties",
"exclusive properties",
"extensive properties",
"dynamic properties"
] | Mass and volume are examples of extensive properties. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6941 | What is an example of a disease that affects the blood? | [
"anemia",
"tuberculosis",
"scoliosis",
"rickets"
] | Many diseases affect the blood or its components. They include anemia, leukemia, hemophilia, and sickle-cell disease. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8582 | What do most organisms eat in the profundal zone of a lake? | [
"fish waste",
"fresh organisms",
"dead organisms",
"algae organism"
] | The deeper water of a lake makes up the profundal zone. There isn’t enough light for photosynthesis in this zone, so most organisms here eat dead organisms that drift down from the water above. Organisms in the profundal zone may include clams, snails, and some species of fish. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_897 | What is the ability to cause changes in matter? | [
"energy",
"force",
"hydrogen",
"pressure"
] | Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. For example, your body uses chemical energy when you lift your arm or take a step. In both cases, energy is used to move matter—you. Any matter that is moving has energy just because it’s moving. The energy of moving matter is called kinetic energy. Scientists think tha... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2959 | Many microorganisms are single celled and use what for perception and movement? | [
"mitochondria",
"organelles",
"nucleus",
"chloroplasts"
] | Chapter 12 1 MRI uses the relative amount of water in tissue to distinguish different areas, so gray and white matter in the nervous system can be seen clearly in these images. 3 Neurons enable thought, perception, and movement. Plants do not move, so they do not need this type of tissue. Microorganisms are too small t... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8781 | Plant viruses can seriously disrupt crop growth and development, significantly affecting our what? | [
"air supply",
"harvest supply",
"food supply",
"fuel supply"
] | Plant viruses can seriously disrupt crop growth and development, significantly affecting our food supply. They are responsible for poor crop quality and quantity globally, and can bring about huge economic losses annually. Others viruses may damage plants used in landscaping. Some viruses that infect agricultural food ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8770 | The maturing follicle, containing a fluid-filled cavity, enlarges, forming a bulge near the surface of what? | [
"the ovary",
"the pelvis",
"the vagina",
"the abdomen"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_10129 | The steropodon may have been an ancestor of which animal? | [
"lioness",
"geckos",
"platypus",
"wooly mammoth"
] | The first monotremes may have evolved about 150 million years ago. Early monotreme fossils have been found in Australia. An example is a genus called Steropodon , shown in Figure below . It may have been the ancestor of the platypus. Early monotremes retained some of the traits of their therapsid ancestors. For example... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_665 | Biotechnology is the use of biological agents for technological advancement. what two areas are the primary applications of this technology used? | [
"medicine and agriculture",
"medicine and psychology",
"medicine and architecture",
"medicine and philosophy"
] | Biotechnology is the use of biological agents for technological advancement. Biotechnology was used for breeding livestock and crops long before the scientific basis of these techniques was understood. Since the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, the field of biotechnology has grown rapidly through both academi... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8300 | What type of activity in the brain causes epilepsy? | [
"hormone imbalance",
"bleeding",
"abnormal electrical activity",
"toxic overload"
] | Epilepsy is a disease that causes seizures. A seizure is a period of lost consciousness that may include violent muscle contractions. It is caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The cause of epilepsy may be an infection, a brain injury, or a tumor. The seizures of epilepsy can often be controlled with me... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1145 | What is a strombolian eruption named for? | [
"mt. st. helens",
"an ice cleaner",
"a country",
"mt. stromboli"
] | This is a strombolian eruption. This type of eruption was named for Mt. Stromboli in Italy. Strombolian eruptions spew lava into the air. But these eruptions do not have a massive explosion. They create lava flows. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9924 | What factors consist of parts of the environment that are or were alive, and their remains? | [
"abiotic factors",
"decomposition factors",
"xerophytic factors",
"biotic factors"
] | Biotic factors are the parts of the environment that are alive, or were alive and then died, such as plants, animals, and their remains. Biotic factors also include bacteria, fungi and protists. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4931 | The last two stages of aerobic respiration require what? | [
"water",
"sulfur",
"oxygen",
"carbon"
] | The last two stages of aerobic respiration require oxygen. However, not all organisms live in places where there is a plentiful supply of oxygen. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6280 | What type of learning is done from past experiences and reasoning? | [
"transformation learning",
"insight learning",
"rational learning",
"consequence learning"
] | Insight learning is learning from past experiences and reasoning. It usually involves coming up with new ways to solve problems. Insight learning generally happens quickly. An animal has a sudden flash of insight. Insight learning requires relatively great intelligence. Human beings use insight learning more than any o... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2711 | What is it called when individual organisms work together with one another? | [
"dualism",
"competition",
"continuation",
"cooperation"
] | Bees and other social animals must cooperate to live together successfully. Cooperation means working together with others. Members of the group may cooperate by dividing up tasks, defending each other, and sharing food. The ants in Figure below are sharing food. One ant is transferring food directly from its mouth to ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3150 | When the hydrogen is nearly used up, the star can fuse which element into heavier elements? | [
"helium",
"oxygen",
"carbon",
"xenon"
] | Within a nebula, there are varying regions where gravity has caused the gas and dust to clump together. The gravitational attraction of these clumps pull more atoms into the clump. As this accretion continues, the gas pressure increases and the core of the protostar gets hotter and hotter. If the protostar gets dense e... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10158 | One gram of carbohydrates provides how many calories of energy? | [
"eight",
"two",
"one",
"four"
] | Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and fiber. Sugars and starches are used by the body for energy. One gram of carbohydrates provides 4 Calories of energy. Fiber, which is found in plant foods, cannot be digested but is needed for good health. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8368 | In humans, a zygote has how many chromosomes? | [
"46",
"36",
"42",
"23"
] | Upon fertilization a diploid zygote is formed. In humans, a zygote has 46 chromosomes, 23 inherited from each parent. The gametes, sperm and eggs, are haploid cells, with 23 chromosomes each. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3826 | Water is polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule, which is described by what term meaning "water-loving"? | [
"hydrophobic",
"aqueous",
"hydrophilic",
"cytosolic"
] | One end of each phospholipid molecule is polar, so it has a partial electric charge. Water is also polar and has electrically charged ends, so it is attracted to the oppositely charged end of a phospholipid molecule. This end of the phospholipid molecule is described as hydrophilic, which means “water loving. ”. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10056 | What do you call a mixture of two or more substances in which dissolved particles are distributed evenly throughout? | [
"water",
"liquid",
"concentrate",
"solution"
] | A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which dissolved particles are distributed evenly throughout the solution. The substance that dissolves in a solution is called the solute, and the substance that does the dissolving is called the solvent. The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in a g... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7888 | What are the smallest type of blood vessels? | [
"capillaries",
"arteries",
"neurons",
"viens"
] | Capillaries are the smallest type of blood vessels. They connect very small arteries and veins. The exchange of gases and other substances between cells and the blood takes place across the extremely thin walls of capillaries. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5810 | Sharks are an example of an animal with sharp vision that is nonetheless unable to distinguish what? | [
"depth",
"color",
"shapes",
"contrast"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_7212 | What type of sunlight inhibits vertical growth in a plant? | [
"infrared",
"reduced",
"direct",
"indirect"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5493 | Has this ever happened to you? you walk across a carpet, reach out to touch a metal doorknob, and get an unpleasant electric shock? .the reason you get a shock is because of what? | [
"temperature charge",
"solar charge",
"sunlight charge",
"electrical charge"
] | Has this ever happened to you? You walk across a carpet, reach out to touch a metal doorknob, and get an unpleasant electric shock (see Figure below ). The reason you get a shock is because of moving electric charges. Moving electric charges also create lightning bolts and the electric current that flows through cables... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7988 | What is the name for substances with a ph above 7? | [
"protein",
"acid",
"nutrient",
"bases"
] | Bases have a lower concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, and a pH higher than 7. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6609 | Which metal is not a solid even at room temperature? | [
"mercury",
"iron",
"copper",
"aluminum"
] | A metal is an element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity. Metals are also malleable, which means that they can be hammered into very thin sheets without breaking, and ductile, which means that they can be drawn into wires. When a fresh surface of any metal is exposed, it will be very shiny, because it ref... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5572 | Carbon-14 dating is a method of what kind of dating? | [
"metamorphic",
"radiometric",
"orbital",
"stratigraphy"
] | The best-known method of radiometric dating is carbon-14 dating . A living thing takes in carbon-14 (along with stable carbon-12). As the carbon-14 decays, it is replaced with more carbon-14. After the organism dies, it stops taking in carbon. That includes carbon-14. The carbon-14 that is in its body continues to deca... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7361 | Kinetic energy is energy of this? | [
"motion",
"speed",
"food",
"gravity"
] | Kinetic Energy and the Ultimate Speed Limit Kinetic energy is energy of motion. Classically, kinetic energy has the familiar expression. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10135 | Which acids provide the molecular blueprints for all proteins produced in living systems? | [
"nitrous acids",
"periodic acids",
"nucleic acids",
"amino acids"
] | The final type of biomolecules that we will be looking at are the nucleic acids. Like carbohydrates and proteins, nucleic acids are complex polymers of a few simple building blocks. Nucleic acids provide the molecular blueprints for all proteins produced in living systems. We will explore the process by which this info... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1642 | What is the shape of the thyroid gland? | [
"triangle-shaped",
"square-shaped",
"butterfly-shaped",
"snake - shaped"
] | Thyroid Gland The thyroid gland is located in the neck, just below the larynx and in front of the trachea, as shown in Figure 37.16. It is a butterfly-shaped gland with two lobes that are connected by the isthmus. It has a dark red color due to its extensive vascular system. When the thyroid swells due to dysfunction, ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4004 | A rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of what hormone? | [
"estrogen",
"testosterone",
"hemoglobin",
"insulin"
] | Humoral Stimuli The term “humoral” is derived from the term “humor,” which refers to bodily fluids such as blood. A humoral stimulus refers to the control of hormone release in response to changes in extracellular fluids such as blood or the ion concentration in the blood. For example, a rise in blood glucose levels tr... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8187 | What can exposure to chemical or biological agents cause later in life? | [
"adaptation",
"an acquired immunodeficiency",
"regression",
"spontaneous mutation"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_943 | Mutations that lead to cancer usually occur in genes that control the cell cycle. these include tumor-suppressor genes and what? | [
"apparition - oncogenes",
"proto-oncogenes",
"Darkness Oncogenes",
"extinction - oncogenes"
] | Mutations that lead to cancer usually occur in genes that control the cell cycle. These include tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5364 | Exposure to what can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker? | [
"nuclear radiation",
"ultraviolet radiation",
"gamma rays",
"sunlight"
] | Genes are a major determinant of human skin color. However, exposure to ultraviolet radiation can increase the amount of pigment in the skin and make it appear darker. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3470 | Methyl groups are found within what? | [
"amino acids",
"peptide chains",
"DNA molecules",
"rna acids"
] | Methyl groups are found within amino acids. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4091 | What parts of the cell does cell differentiation involve changes in? | [
"cytoplasm and cell wall",
"endoderm and epidermis",
"cystine and cell wall",
"cell membrane and nucleus"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8254 | What do scientists use to search other planets suitable for living? | [
"optics",
"telescopes",
"lasers",
"microscopes"
] | Scientists are using telescopes to search for other planets that may have conditions favorable for life. The places they can look are near our solar system in our galaxy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8896 | Cellular respiration in humans involves the combustion of what simple sugar? | [
"starch",
"insulin",
"glutamate",
"glucose"
] | Your own body cells burn fuel in combustion reactions. The fuel is glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ), a simple sugar. The process in which combustion of glucose occurs in body cells is called cellular respiration. This combustion reaction provides energy for life processes. Cellular respiration can be summed up by the equation:. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_298 | What kind of map can show the features of the bottom of a body of water? | [
"basic",
"bathymetric",
"country",
"topographic"
] | Oceanographers use bathymetric maps to show the features of the bottom of a body of water. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3515 | The relationships between groups of different species makes up a ___________. | [
"family",
"species",
"community",
"food chain"
] | A community is made up of the relationships between groups of different species. For example, the desert communities consist of rabbits, coyotes, snakes, birds, mice and such plants as sahuaro cactus, ocotillo, and creosote bush. Community structure can be disturbed by such dynamics as fire, human activity, and over-po... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3607 | In a hot water heater, burning fuel causes the water to get hot because combustion is what type of reaction? | [
"geothermal",
"endothermic",
"biochemical",
"exothermic"
] | A: A hot water heater increases the temperature of water in most homes. Many hot water heaters burn a fuel such as natural gas. The burning fuel causes the water to get hot because combustion is an exothermic reaction. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_541 | What reduces the need for pesticides and other toxic chemicals? | [
"helium",
"fungi",
"pollen",
"yeast"
] | Harmless fungi can be used to control pathogenic bacteria and insect pasts on crops. Fungi compete with bacteria for nutrients and space, and they parasitize insects that eat plants. Fungi reduce the need for pesticides and other toxic chemicals. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9935 | What type of experiment involves two identical experiments carried out side-by-side, with and without an independent variable? | [
"trial run",
"blind test",
"controlled experiment",
"defined experiment"
] | One way to test a cause and effect hypothesis is to perform a controlled experiment. In a controlled experiment, two identical experiments are carried out side-by-side. In one of the experiments, the independent variable being tested is used, and in the other experiment, the control, the independent variable is not use... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_782 | What occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore? | [
"sexual reproduction",
"internal reproduction",
"twins",
"asexual reproduction"
] | The majority of fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually. This allows them to adjust to conditions in the environment. Yeast reproduce asexually by budding. Other fungi reproduce asexually by producing spores. Sexual reproduction occurs when spores from two parents fuse and form a zygospore. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4790 | What is occurring at an alarming rate as a result of global climate change and the constant melting point of ice? | [
"glacial hardening",
"glacial formation",
"glacial movement",
"glacier melt"
] | Because of global climate change, temperatures all over Earth are rising. However, the melting points of Earth’s substances, including ice, are constant. The result? Glaciers are melting at an alarming rate. Melting glaciers cause rising sea levels and the risk of dangerous river flooding on land. You can learn more ab... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7126 | Lymphatic capillaries are interlaced with the arterioles and venules of which system? | [
"circulatory system",
"cardiovascular system",
"atmospheric system",
"skeletal systems"
] | Figure 21.3 Lymphatic Capillaries Lymphatic capillaries are interlaced with the arterioles and venules of the cardiovascular system. Collagen fibers anchor a lymphatic capillary in the tissue (inset). Interstitial fluid slips through spaces between the overlapping endothelial cells that compose the lymphatic capillary. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6100 | What process would be impossible without some variation in the inherited traits of organisms within a species? | [
"natural selection",
"characteristic selection",
"darwin's selection",
"environmental selection"
] | There is some variation in the inherited traits of organisms within a species. Without this variation, natural selection would not be possible. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10607 | What is a prerequisite for fertilization to take place in plants? | [
"mitosis",
"germination",
"photosynthesis",
"pollination"
] | Pollination must occur for fertilization to take place. Zygotes develop into embryos inside seeds, from which the next sporophyte generation grows. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6451 | What term is used to describe molecules that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds? | [
"amines",
"nitrites",
"ions",
"compounds"
] | Amines are molecules that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. The nitrogen atom in an amine has a lone pair of electrons and three bonds to other atoms, either carbon or hydrogen. Various nomenclatures are used to derive names for amines, but all involve the class-identifying suffix –ine as illustrated here for a few simple... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10369 | What forms at the boundary between two air masses? | [
"a rough",
"a cool",
"a front",
"hurricane"
] | A front forms at the boundary between two air masses. Types of fronts include cold, warm, occluded, and stationary fronts. Clouds, precipitation, and storms commonly occur along fronts. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5272 | A measure of the disorder of a system is called its what? | [
"spectral",
"lose",
"function",
"entropy"
] | Summary A measure of the disorder of a system is its entropy (S), a state function whose value increases with an increase in the number of available microstates. Areversible process is one for which all intermediate states between extremes are equilibrium states; it can change direction at any time. In contrast, anirre... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2759 | Where does most geological activity take place? | [
"plate boundaries",
"plate waves",
"plate medians",
"plate buildings"
] | Most geological activity takes place at plate boundaries. This activity includes volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building. The activity occurs as plates interact. Giant slabs of lithosphere moving around can create a lot of activity! The features seen at a plate boundary are determined by the direction of plate mo... | A | null |
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