dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_6857 | In what type of climate might one find deciduous trees? | [
"Dry Continental",
"moist continental",
"humid continental",
"thick continental"
] | Deciduous trees are common in humid continental climates. Conifer forests grow in the subarctic. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8249 | The purpose of any cooling system is to transfer what type of energy in order to keep things cool? | [
"physical",
"thermal",
"atmospheric",
"radiation"
] | A refrigerator is an example of a cooling system. Another example is an air conditioner. The purpose of any cooling system is to transfer thermal energy in order to keep things cool. A refrigerator, for example, transfers thermal energy from the cool air inside the refrigerator to the warm air in the kitchen. If you’ve... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9414 | What is the term for a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. | [
"symbiosis",
"extosis",
"endosymbiosis",
"candiasis"
] | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. Types of symbiosis include mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5235 | What are the "building blocks" of proteins? | [
"enzymes",
"amino acids",
"nucleic acids",
"hormones"
] | Amino acids are the "building blocks" of proteins. There are 20 different common amino acids. The structural formula of the simplest amino acid, called glycine, is shown in Figure below . Other amino acids have a similar structure. The sequence of amino acids and the number of amino acid chains in a protein determine t... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5977 | What type of behavioral rhythms are linked to the yearly cycle of seasons? | [
"biannual",
"circannual",
"monthly",
"annual"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_6201 | What term describes the amount of solute in a given amount of solution? | [
"density",
"concentration",
"cloudiness",
"temperature"
] | The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solution. A dilute solution has a low concentration of solute. A concentrated solution has a high concentration of solute. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10023 | Meiosis and what process are both preceded by one round of dna replication; however, they differ in producing haploid or diploid daughter cells? | [
"cloning",
"mitosis",
"photosynthesis",
"fertilization"
] | Figure 7.6 Meiosis and mitosis are both preceded by one round of DNA replication; however, meiosis includes two nuclear divisions. The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8538 | What bodily function do the triceps help perform? | [
"lift the leg",
"make a fist",
"extend the arm",
"perform crunches"
] | Pearson Scott Foresman. The biceps help contract the arm, while the triceps help extend the arm . Public Domain. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_995 | What type of cell has a singular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles? | [
"prokaryotic",
"trophic",
"monophyletic",
"graphic"
] | Cell division is simpler in prokaryotes than eukaryotes because prokaryotic cells themselves are simpler. Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles. Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have multiple chromosomes contained within a nucleus and many other organelles. All of these... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1405 | What is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated? | [
"conduction",
"dispersion",
"sterilization",
"distillation"
] | Distillation is an effective method to separate mixtures comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. In simple distillation, a mixture is heated and the most volatile component vaporizes at the lowe... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10973 | Reflection, refraction, and diffraction are examples of what type of interaction? | [
"Currents",
"waves",
"Oscillations",
"winds"
] | Waves interact with matter in several ways. The interactions occur when waves pass from one medium to another. The types of interactions are reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Each type of interaction is described in detail below. You can see animations of the three types at this URL: http://www. acoustics. salfo... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_815 | The small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus are called? | [
"lungs",
"ovaries",
"glands",
"kidneys"
] | The two ovaries are small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus. They produce eggs and secrete estrogen. Each egg is located inside a structure called a follicle . Cells in the follicle protect the egg and help it mature. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6236 | Has the average annual temperature on earth been rising or falling for the past 100 years? | [
"rising",
"fluctuating",
"unchanged",
"falling"
] | The average annual temperature on Earth has been rising for the past 100 years. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6152 | Evolution over a short period of time at the level of the population is called what? | [
"redistributions",
"grammaticalization",
"macroevolution",
"microevolution"
] | The time scale of evolution can vary. Evolution over a short period of time at the level of the population is called microevolution. Evolution over a long period of time above the level of the species is called macroevolution. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5342 | What links together to form long polymeric chains? | [
"peptides",
"lipids",
"nucleotides",
"genes"
] | (a) When pyrimidine or purine and a sugar react to form a glycosidic bond, a nucleoside is produced. Adding a phosphoric acid group to the sugar of a nucleoside produces a nucleotide. (b) Nucleotides link together to form long polymeric chains. A DNA molecule consists of two such chains held together by hydrogen bondin... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3468 | Which types of waves are used for cell phones and radar? | [
"sound waves",
"light waves",
"microwaves",
"thermal waves"
] | Microwaves are used for cell phones and radar. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3510 | During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble what into proteins? | [
"amino acids",
"rna acids",
"DNA Acids",
"polymer acids"
] | Figure 4.13 Ribosomes are made up of a large subunit (top) and a small subunit (bottom). During protein synthesis, ribosomes assemble amino acids into proteins. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10494 | Roundworms exemplify what type of organization, where two or more types of tissues work together to perform a particular function as an organ? | [
"land-level organization",
"organ-level organization",
"bone-level organization",
"delicate - level organization"
] | Roundworms have organ-level organization, in which two or more types of tissues work together to perform a particular function as an organ. For example, a roundworm has a primitive brain that controls how the organism responds to the environment. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_181 | What are variants of genes called? | [
"antigens",
"alleles",
"mutations",
"allergens"
] | Recall that our DNA is wound into chromosomes . Each of our chromosomes contains a long chain of DNA that encodes hundreds, if not thousands, of genes. Each of these genes can have slightly different versions from individual to individual. These variants of genes are called alleles . Each parent only donates one allele... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1860 | The body contains how many types of muscle tissue? | [
"four",
"three",
"seven",
"two"
] | 38.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeleton muscle tissue is composed of sarcomeres, the functional units of muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs when sarcomeres shorten, as thick and thin filaments slide past ea... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2649 | In chemical reactions, what substances can act like metals or nonmetals, depending on their number of electrons? | [
"minerals",
"synthetics",
"diacritics",
"metalloids"
] | How metalloids behave in chemical interactions with other elements depends mainly on the number of electrons in the outer energy level of their atoms. Metalloids may act either like metals or nonmetals in chemical reactions. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4797 | What heisenberg principle imposes ultimate limits on what is knowable in science? | [
"uncertainty principle",
"impossibility principle",
"vacuum principle",
"certainty principle"
] | The value of ħ is not large, so the uncertainty in the position or momentum of a macroscopic object like a baseball is too insignificant to observe. However, the mass of a microscopic object such as an electron is small enough that the uncertainty can be large and significant. It should be noted that Heisenberg’s uncer... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9147 | Visible light is part of what spectrum? | [
"mechanical spectrum",
"eclipse spectrum",
"electromagnetic spectrum",
"molecular spectrum"
] | Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7152 | The force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is called what? | [
"cooling force",
"magnetic force",
"power force",
"electric force"
] | When it comes to electric charges, opposites attract. In other words, positive and negative particles are attracted to each other. Like charges, on the other hand, repel each other, so two positive or two negative charges push apart from each other. The force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is call... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3481 | What collects fluid from a system of canals in the cytoplasm? | [
"placenta",
"chlorophyll",
"mitochondria",
"vacuole"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1909 | What causes lightning during a thunderstorm? | [
"difference in charge",
"difference in elevation",
"difference in temperature",
"difference in wind"
] | During a thunderstorm, some parts of a thunderhead become negatively charged. Other parts become positively charged. The difference in charge creates lightning. Lightning is a huge release of electricity. Lightning can jump between oppositely charged parts of the same cloud, between one cloud and another, or between a ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1087 | The muscles of the anterior neck assist in deglutition also known as what? | [
"breathing",
"swallowing",
"pulling",
"staring"
] | carbon atoms and the properties that result from that bonding. Hydrocarbons with only carbon-to-carbon single bonds (C–C) and existing as a continuous chain of carbon atoms also bonded to hydrogen atoms are called alkanes (or saturated hydrocarbons). Saturated, in this case, means that each carbon atom is bonded to fou... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10662 | What are the sporophytes in ferns? | [
"leaves",
"spores",
"leafy plants",
"cycles"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2880 | What type of rocks are very useful for determining the deformation history of an area? | [
"sedimentary",
"limestone",
"crystalline",
"igneous"
] | Sedimentary rocks are very useful for determining the deformation history of an area. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1762 | Saliva can carry the hiv virus, but it won't spread it, unless the saliva gets into what? | [
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"bloodstream",
"liver"
] | HIV spreads through contact between an infected person’s body fluids and another person's bloodstream or mucus membranes, which are found in the mouth, nose, and genital areas. Body fluids that may contain HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk. The virus can spread through sexual contact or shared drug n... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4742 | What is at the surface of a cell, arranged in similar bilayer? | [
"fats",
"eukaryotes",
"phospholipids",
"pigments"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4472 | What is the basic structure that holds plants upright, allowing plants to get the sunlight and air they need? | [
"twig",
"stem",
"root",
"stamen"
] | Stems are organs that hold plants upright. They allow plants to get the sunlight and air they need. Stems also bear leaves, flowers, cones, and smaller stems. These structures grow at points called nodes. The stem between nodes is called an internode. (See Figure below . ). | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10715 | Ordinary table salt is called what? | [
"ammonia chloride",
"sodium chloride",
"oxygen chloride",
"carbon chloride"
] | Ordinary table salt is called sodium chloride. It is considered a substance because it has a uniform and definite composition. All samples of sodium chloride are chemically identical. Water is also a pure substance. Salt easily dissolves in water, but salt water cannot be classified as a substance because its compositi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8013 | What is a form of mechanical energy that starts with a vibration in matter? | [
"electrical energy",
"industrial energy",
"solar energy",
"sound energy"
] | 6. Sound energy is a form of mechanical energy that starts with a vibration in matter. For example, the singer’s voice starts with vibrations of his vocal cords, which are folds of tissue in his throat. The vibrations pass to surrounding particles of matter and then from one particle to another in waves. Sound waves ca... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11285 | There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and what? | [
"manipulated",
"acidic",
"peptide",
"secreted"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 37.1 Types of Hormones There are three basic types of hormones: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide. Lipid-derived hormones are structurally similar to cholesterol and include steroid hormones such as estradiol and testosterone. Amino acid-derived hormones are relatively small molecules and i... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8321 | What carbohydrate from fruit juices is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making? | [
"gelatin",
"potassium",
"cellulose",
"pectin"
] | Pectin, a carbohydrate from fruit juices, is a gel-forming substance important in jelly making. Silica gel, a colloidal dispersion of hydrated silicon dioxide, is formed when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of sodium silicate. Canned Heat is a gel made by mixing alcohol and a saturated aqueous so... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9536 | Where does most of the earth's energy come from? | [
"sun",
"magnetic field",
"its core",
"its atmosphere"
] | Give an example of how matter cycles. While matter cycles round and round in the Earth System, ENERGY FLOWS through the Earth System. The vast majority of Earth’s energy comes from the sun, flows into the Earth’s System, and flows out of the Earth’s System into space. If all the energy that comes to Earth from the sun ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8191 | Each silicon atom shares how many valence electrons with other silicon atoms in a crystal? | [
"three",
"ten",
"four",
"five"
] | Each silicon atom has four valence electrons it shares with other silicon atoms in a crystal. A semiconductor is formed by replacing a few silicon atoms with other atoms that have more or less valence electrons than silicon. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6851 | Where does most water evaporate from? | [
"seas",
"lakes",
"oceans",
"rivers"
] | Evaporation changes liquid water to water vapor. Energy from the Sun causes water to evaporate. Most evaporation is from the oceans because they cover so much area. The water vapor rises into the atmosphere. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3051 | What does the ovule develop into after fertilization? | [
"germ",
"seed",
"pollen",
"zygote"
] | An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants. It contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8362 | Particles with what type of electric charges attract each other? | [
"simple",
"similar",
"same",
"opposite"
] | Particles with opposite electric charges attract each other. This explains why negative electrons orbit the positive nucleus. Particles with the same electric charge repel each other. This means that the positive protons in the nucleus push apart from one another. So why doesn’t the nucleus fly apart? An even stronger ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3327 | What is your body made up of? | [
"energy",
"millions of elements",
"skin",
"trillions of cells"
] | According to the cell theory , all living things are made up of cells, which is the structural unit of living organisms, and living cells always come from other living cells. In fact, each living thing begins life as a single cell. Some living things, such as bacteria, remain single-celled. Other living things, includi... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5696 | What causes cancer cells to avoid elimination and continue to multiply? | [
"continuous cell division",
"persistent cell division",
"chronic cell division",
"uncontrolled cell division"
] | When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated. The upper diagram depicts damaged cells being destroyed. Cancer cells avoid elimination and, because of uncontrolled cell division, continue to multiply in an unregulated manner. The lower diagram depicts damaged cells dividing in an uncontrolled fashion... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11324 | What is the largest level of organization? | [
"organism",
"protein",
"genome",
"organelle"
] | Levels of organization, from the atom (smallest) to the organism (largest). Notice that organelles are inside a cell, and organs are inside an organism. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5563 | Birds and insects perform what function for flowering plants? | [
"irrigation",
"condensation",
"vegetation",
"pollination"
] | Insects and birds pollinate flowering plants, including crop plants. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9718 | What is the term for a cross in which the inheritance of two characteristics are tracked at the same time? | [
"Mendelian",
"identical twin",
"dihybrid cross",
"fraternal"
] | After Mendel's first set of experiments, Mendel wanted to see if the inheritance of characteristics were dependent, or were they independent events. Mendel asked if the segregation of the heritable factors (allele) for one characteristic (gene) had any effect of the segregation of the factors for another characteristic... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6367 | In which stage do chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis? | [
"cyclohexane ii",
"metaphase ii",
"chromosome ii",
"hectase ii"
] | Metaphase II: The chromosomes line up one on top of each other along the middle of the cell, similar to how they line up in mitosis. The spindle is attached to the centromere of each chromosome. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4792 | What is the term for the force applied to a wheel and axle? | [
"momentum",
"input force",
"output force",
"velocity force"
] | In a wheel and axle, force may be applied either to the wheel or to the axle. This force is called the input force. A wheel and axle does not change the direction of the input force. However, the force put out by the machine, called the output force, is either greater than the input force or else applied over a greater... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9254 | Most gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled close to earth’s surface by what force? | [
"traction",
"gravity",
"light",
"weight"
] | Like water in the ocean, air in the atmosphere exerts pressure that increases with depth. Most gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled close to Earth’s surface by gravity. As a result, air pressure decreases quickly at lower altitudes and then more slowly at higher altitudes. This is illustrated in Figure below . Ai... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8595 | What molecule is used for most energy functions in organisms? | [
"atp or adenozine triphosphate",
"ADP or Adenosine Diphosphate",
"DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid",
"RNA or ribonucleic acid"
] | All chemical reactions involve energy. Energy is used to break bonds in reactants, and energy is released when new bonds form in products. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, and exothermic reactions release energy. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_752 | Cancer develops when what process is unregulated? | [
"cell division",
"metabolism",
"meiosis",
"cellular respiration"
] | In the Cell Cycle: Cancer (Advanced) concept, cancer is described as developing due to unregulated cell division. That is, cancer is a disease characterized by a population of cells that grow and divide without respect to normal limits. These cancerous cells invade and destroy adjacent tissues, and they may spread thro... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5716 | What is the functional unit of the kidney which actively filters blood and generates urine? | [
"sechron",
"mecrophron",
"epithelial",
"nephron"
] | 41.2 The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs The kidneys are the main osmoregulatory organs in mammalian systems; they function to filter blood and maintain the osmolarity of body fluids at 300 mOsm. They are surrounded by three layers and are made up internally of three distinct regions—the cortex, medulla, and pelvis. ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7127 | What is required for communication? | [
"lack and reception of signals",
"weight and reception of signals",
"transmission and weight of signals",
"transmission and reception of signals"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_5808 | If heat is released by the system into the surroundings, a chemical reaction or physical change is called what? | [
"static",
"biochemical",
"exothermic",
"endothermic"
] | In the study of thermochemical processes, things are viewed from the point of view of the system. A chemical reaction or physical change is endothermic if heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings. In the course of an endothermic process, the system gains heat from the surroundings and so the temperature of ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10118 | Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis are the three types of what? | [
"mitosis",
"nanoparticles",
"endocytosis",
"modulators"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_9560 | What runs through the penis and opens to the outside at the tip of the penis? | [
"the urethra",
"prostate gland",
"fallopian tube",
"vas deferens"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_6191 | What element once commonly used in paint and gasoline has now been found to have dangerous effects? | [
"plastic",
"lead",
"niacin",
"chromium"
] | lead: An element that was once commonly used in gasoline and paint, is now found to have dangerous effects, such as brain damage. Lead contamination has many harmful effects on the body. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6747 | What is the name of the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts? | [
"esophagus",
"fallopian tube",
"larynx",
"pharynx"
] | Pharyngeal slits : Pharyngeal slits are located in the pharynx. The pharynx is the tube that joins the mouth to the digestive and respiratory tracts. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3878 | What is above each leaf scar? | [
"lenticel",
"an axillary bud",
"chambered pitch",
"stipule scar"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_935 | What influences the types of plants and animals that inhabit a specific biome? | [
"Water",
"carbon",
"climate",
"cooling"
] | Climate influences the types of plants and animals that inhabit a specific biome. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6357 | What senses the movement of liquid in ear canals? | [
"hair cells",
"Brain Cells",
"muscle cells",
"Ear Drum"
] | This bottle of water models the semicircular canals in your ears. When you tip the bottle, the water moves up or down the sides of the bottle; when you tip your head, the liquid inside the semicircular canals moves up and down the sides of the canals. Tiny hair cells lining the canals sense the movement of liquid and s... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_719 | Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers all have functional groups containing what element? | [
"methane",
"silicon",
"oxygen",
"carbon"
] | Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and ethers h ave oxygencontaining functional groups. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3738 | The arid environment of a desert, for instance, can quickly deplete an animal of what? | [
"strength",
"protein",
"air",
"water"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_3272 | What type of hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms? | [
"catalytic",
"ionic",
"unsaturated",
"saturated"
] | Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. As a result, the carbon atoms are unable to bond with as many hydrogen atoms as they would if they were joined only by single bonds. This makes them unsaturated with hydrogen. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are classified on the basis o... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4090 | Heavier isotopes of plutonium are also produced when lighter plutonium nuclei capture what? | [
"electrons",
"neutrons",
"protons",
"molecules"
] | Heavier isotopes of plutonium—Pu-240, Pu-241, and Pu-242—are also produced when lighter plutonium nuclei capture neutrons. Some of this highly radioactive plutonium is used to produce military weapons, and the rest presents a serious storage problem because they have half-lives from thousands to hundreds of thousands o... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7954 | Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on? | [
"speed",
"weight",
"surface",
"gravity"
] | Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on a surface. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7382 | Which layer of soil experiences the most weathering? | [
"subsoil",
"bedrock",
"top layer",
"humus"
] | Soil develops over time and forms soil horizons. Soil horizons are different layers of soil with depth. The most weathering occurs in the top layer. This layer is most exposed to weather! It is where fresh water comes into contact with the soil. Each layer lower is weathered just a little bit less than the layer above.... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4752 | What is the series of changes in the reproductive system of a mature female that happens monthly? | [
"menstrual cycle",
"pregnancy",
"fetal cycle",
"urinary cycle"
] | The menstrual cycle is a series of changes in the reproductive system of mature females that repeats every month. While the egg and follicle are developing in the ovary, tissues are building up inside the uterus , the reproductive organ where the baby would develop. The uterus develops a thick lining covered in tiny bl... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4907 | What female flower structure, which is part of the pistil, receives the pollen grains and passes them to the ovary? | [
"sepal",
"style",
"stigma",
"ovary"
] | Flowers are the reproductive organs of plants. Each pea plant flower has both male and female parts. The anther is part of the stamen, the male structure that produces male gametes (pollen). The stigma is part of the pistil, the female structure that produces female gametes and guides the pollen grains to them. The sti... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1012 | Regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements to control what? | [
"growth",
"transcription",
"differentiation",
"mutation"
] | Regulation of Transcription. Regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements to control transcription. The regulatory elements are embedded within the DNA. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10722 | What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport? | [
"vacuoles",
"alleles",
"cells",
"tubules"
] | Vesicles and Vacuoles Vesicles and vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport. Vacuoles are somewhat larger than vesicles, and the membrane of a vacuole does not fuse with the membranes of other cellular components. Vesicles can fuse with other membranes within the cell system. Additionally... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7170 | What is the term for the average number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume? | [
"population structure",
"population density",
"population diameter",
"Density group"
] | Population density is the average number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume. For example, a population of 100 insects that live in an area of 100 square meters has a density of 1 insect per square meter. If the same population lives in an area of only 1 square meter, what is its density? Which po... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6793 | What is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer called? | [
"ditch",
"moat",
"well",
"canal"
] | Most groundwater does not flow out of an aquifer as a spring or geyser. So to use the water that's stored in an aquifer, people must go after it. How? They dig a well. A well ( Figure below ) is a hole that is dug or drilled through the ground down to an aquifer. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6675 | Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form what kind of bonds? | [
"mixed",
"carbon",
"helium",
"hydrogen"
] | Water is a polar compound, so its molecules are attracted to each other and form hydrogen bonds. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2516 | What are the two different types of vascular tissues called? | [
"biotic and abiotic",
"epidermis and dermis",
"acid and base",
"xylem and phloem"
] | The vascular tissues for which these plants are named are specialized to transport fluid. They consist of long, narrow cells arranged end-to-end, forming tubes. There are two different types of vascular tissues, called xylem and phloem. Both are shown in Figure below . | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4614 | What is the limiting factor for bacteria in a dish? | [
"material",
"space",
"speed",
"density"
] | The blades of simple leaves are not divided. This provides the maximum surface area for collecting sunlight. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8876 | An atom is the smallest unit of what that maintains the identity of the latter? | [
"organism",
"cell",
"mixture",
"element"
] | The smallest piece of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Individual atoms are extremely small. It would take about fifty million atoms in a row to make a line that is 1 cm long. The period at the end of a printed sentence has several million atoms in it. Atoms are so small that it... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10549 | Which infection of multicellular eukaryotes is usually limited to particular tissues? | [
"parasites",
"bacterial",
"digestive",
"viral"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_3923 | What are 3 types of light? | [
"complementary, incandescent, fluorescent",
"solar , visible , ultraviolet",
"diffuse, ambient, opaque",
"infrared, visible, ultraviolet"
] | Electromagnetic waves that are commonly called light fall roughly in the middle of the electromagnetic spectrum. Light includes infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6141 | Materials, such as iron, that exhibit strong magnetic effects are labeled what? | [
"superconducting",
"paramagnetic",
"ultramagnetic",
"ferromagnetic"
] | Magnetic poles always occur in pairs of north and south—it is not possible to isolate north and south poles. All magnetism is created by electric current. Ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, are those that exhibit strong magnetic effects. The atoms in ferromagnetic materials act like small magnets (due to currents w... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6095 | What does burning wood release into the atmosphere? | [
"helium",
"carbon dioxide",
"oxygen",
"hydrogen chloride"
] | Forests are also being destroyed. Trees may be cut down for their wood, or they may be burned to clear the land for farming. Burning wood releases more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. You can see how a tropical rainforest was cleared for farming in Figure below . With forests shrinking, there are fewer trees to rem... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3693 | What term means the time in which half of the original number of radioactive nuclei in a sample decay? | [
"quarter-life",
"half-life",
"reduced life",
"partial-life"
] | Half-Life Why use a term like half-life rather than lifetime? The answer can be found by examining Figure 31.21, which shows how the number of radioactive nuclei in a sample decreases with time. The time in which half of the original number of nuclei decay is defined as the half-life, t 1 / 2 . Half of the remaining nu... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10444 | The first photosynthetic organisms were not plants, but types of what that lived in the water? | [
"algae",
"pathogens",
"bacteria",
"fungi"
] | The first photosynthetic organisms were bacteria that lived in the water. So, where did plants come from? Evidence shows that plants evolved from freshwater green algae, a protist ( Figure below ). The similarities between green algae and plants is one piece of evidence. They both have cellulose in their cell walls, an... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3034 | Amoebas and paramecia are examples of what? | [
"protists",
"bacteria",
"protozoa",
"vertebrates"
] | Examples of protozoa include amoebas and paramecia. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11555 | In vertebrates, what tissue is a type of connective tissue that supports the entire body structure? | [
"cartilage",
"collagen",
"blood",
"bone"
] | Complex Tissue Structure As multicellular organisms, animals differ from plants and fungi because their cells don’t have cell walls, their cells may be embedded in an extracellular matrix (such as bone, skin, or connective tissue), and their cells have unique structures for intercellular communication (such as gap junc... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_411 | What are passed from one generation to the next so species can survive? | [
"selections",
"adaptatioins",
"fluctuations",
"mutations"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_7316 | The atoms of a compound are held together by what type of bonds? | [
"covalent",
"chemical",
"mineral",
"radiation"
] | The atoms of a compound are held together by chemical bonds. Chemical bonds form when atoms share electrons. There are different types of chemical bonds, and they vary in how strongly they hold together the atoms of a compound. Two of the strongest types of bonds are covalent and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds form betwee... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7583 | What is a homogeneous mixture also known as? | [
"structure",
"solution",
"element",
"mixture"
] | A solution is another name for a homogeneous mixture. http://catalog. flatworldknowledge. com/bookhub/reader/2547 - gob-ch01defined a mixture as a material composed of two or more substances. In a solution, the combination is so intimate that the different substances cannot be differentiated by sight, even with a micro... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6976 | What element is responsible for one-half of the osmotic pressure gradient that exists between the interior of cells and their surrounding environment? | [
"nitrogen",
"calcium",
"potassium",
"sodium"
] | Sodium Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid. It is responsible for one-half of the osmotic pressure gradient that exists between the interior of cells and their surrounding environment. People eating a typical Western diet, which is very high in NaCl, routinely take in 130 to 160 mmol/day of sodium, bu... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4314 | The flood of sodium ions through the symporter provides the energy that allows what to move through the symporter and into the cell? | [
"insulin",
"glucose",
"mitochondria",
"sucrose"
] | Active transport pumps can also work together with other active or passive transport systems to move substances across the membrane. For example, the sodium-potassium pump maintains a high concentration of sodium ions outside of the cell. Therefore, if the cell needs sodium ions, all it has to do is open a passive sodi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6923 | In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by what? | [
"an active metal",
"oxygen",
"water",
"gas"
] | In a hydrogen replacement reaction, the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by an active metal. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_57 | Whether the organism is a bacterium, plant, or animal, all living things access energy by breaking down these? | [
"lipid molecules",
"protein molecules",
"oxygen molecules",
"carbohydrate molecules"
] | The Energy Cycle Whether the organism is a bacterium, plant, or animal, all living things access energy by breaking down carbohydrate molecules. But if plants make carbohydrate molecules, why would they need to break them down, especially when it has been shown that the gas organisms release as a “waste product” (CO2) ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7533 | What is it called when two waves combine to create a larger wave? | [
"consistent interference",
"wave propagation",
"Destructive Interference",
"constructive interference"
] | Constructive interference occurs when two waves combine to create a larger wave. This occurs when the peaks of two waves line up. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3921 | The process in which animals use visual cues to communicate is known as what? | [
"peripheral communication",
"visual indication",
"visual communication",
"distinctive communication"
] | Visual Communication in Animals. Many animals use visual cues to communicate. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6262 | What is another term for nearsightedness? | [
"myopia",
"hypoxia",
"astigmatism",
"anemia"
] | Nearsightedness, or myopia, is the condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. The Figure below shows how it occurs. The eyeball is longer (from front to back) than normal. This causes images to be focused in front of the retina instead of on the retina. Myopia can be correcte... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2211 | What kind of rock's makeup is changed by heat and or pressure? | [
"igneous",
"tectonic",
"basaltic",
"metamorphic"
] | Metamorphic rocks start off as some kind of rock. The starting rock can be igneous, sedimentary or even another metamorphic rock. Heat and/or pressure then change the rock’s physical or chemical makeup. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5289 | What can be linked together to form disaccharides or polysaccharides? | [
"carbohydrates",
"monosaccharides",
"nitrates",
"amino acids"
] | Monosaccharides can be linked together to form disaccharides or polysaccharides. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4969 | If a gyroscope is not spinning, it acquires angular momentum in the direction of what? | [
"acceleration",
"velocity",
"gravity",
"torque"
] | This same logic explains the behavior of gyroscopes. Figure 10.31 shows the two forces acting on a spinning gyroscope. The torque produced is perpendicular to the angular momentum, thus the direction of the torque is changed, but not its magnitude. The gyroscope precesses around a vertical axis, since the torque is alw... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1620 | Birds have a relatively large heart and a rapid what? | [
"blink rate",
"digestive process",
"heart rate",
"lifespan"
] | To keep their flight muscles well supplied with oxygen, birds evolved specialized respiratory and circulatory systems. Birds have special air sacs for storing extra air and pumping it into the lungs. They also have a relatively large heart and a rapid heart rate. These adaptations keep plenty of oxygenated blood circul... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7776 | What paired organs together receive about 25 percent of cardiac output and are protected in the retroperitoneal space by the renal fat pad and overlying ribs and muscle? | [
"brain",
"kidneys",
"hands",
"lungs"
] | 25.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney As noted previously, the structure of the kidney is divided into two principle regions—the peripheral rim of cortex and the central medulla. The two kidneys receive about 25 percent of cardiac output. They are protected in the retroperitoneal space by the renal fat pad and overlying rib... | B | null |
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