dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_3484 | What is the term for a particle from outside the cell engulfing the cells membrane? | [
"mitosis",
"endometriosis",
"endocytosis",
"metastasis"
] | In endocytosis, a substance or particle from outside the cell is engulfed by the cell membrane. The membrane folds over the substance and it becomes completely enclosed by the membrane. There are two main kinds of endocytosis: pinocytosis and phagocytosis. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2822 | What is formed when plant bodies are lithified? | [
"copper",
"methane",
"coal",
"fossils"
] | The bodies of organisms can make a sedimentary rock. Plant bodies are lithified to become coal. When shells are cemented together they make a type of limestone. So limestone can be considered chemical or organic. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5647 | The four major classes of biological macromolecules include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and what else? | [
"structural acids",
"nucleic acids",
"fats",
"liquids"
] | 3.1 | Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Understand the synthesis of macromolecules • Explain dehydration (or condensation) and hydrolysis reactions As you’ve learned, biological macromolecules are large molecules, necessary for life, that are built from smaller or... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3275 | What types of drugs affect the brain and influence how a person can feel, think, or act? | [
"psychoactive",
"prescription",
"analgesics",
"antibiotics"
] | Many drugs affect the brain and influence how a person feels, thinks, or acts. Such drugs are called psychoactive drugs. They include legal drugs such as caffeine and alcohol, as well as illegal drugs such as cocaine and heroin. They also include certain medicines, such as antidepressant drugs and medical marijuana. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11002 | In binary fission how many times does a cell split? | [
"four",
"two",
"one",
"six"
] | In binary fission, a cell splits in two. First, the large circular chromosome is copied. Then the cell divides to form two new daughter cells. Each has a copy of the parent cell's chromosome. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8335 | The four moons of jupiter are collectively named after what 17th century astronomer, who discovered them? | [
"copernicus",
"galileo",
"darwin",
"Linnaeus"
] | Jupiter has lots of moons. As of 2012, we have discovered over 66 natural satellites of Jupiter. Four are big enough and bright enough to be seen from Earth using a pair of binoculars. These four moons were first discovered by Galileo in 1610. They are called the Galilean moons . The figure below shows the four Galilea... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4879 | The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of what? | [
"oxygen",
"acid",
"carbohydrates",
"sodium"
] | The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of acid. A strong acid is secreted into the stomach. It provides the acid that pepsin needs. You will learn about acids in the next chapter, "Chemistry of Solutions. " Vinegar and lemon juice are two common acids. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9702 | Cold sores, influenza, and the common cold are all? | [
"anal infections",
"digestive infections",
"viral infections",
"trend infections"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4703 | At the time of birth, bones of the brain case are separated by what wide areas of fibrous connective tissue, which later become sutures? | [
"sporozoans",
"cerebellum",
"fluctuations",
"fontanelles"
] | 7.5 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton Formation of the axial skeleton begins during early embryonic development with the appearance of the rod-like notochord along the dorsal length of the early embryo. Repeating, paired blocks of tissue called somites then appear along either side of notochord. As the somite... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11197 | Lavas that cool underwater are called what? | [
"sea lavas",
"water lavas",
"bed lavas",
"pillow lavas"
] | Different lava types create different rock types, such as pahoehoe and a'a. Lavas that cool underwater become pillow lavas. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1069 | Bog destruction in scotland is an example of the widespread loss of what kind of habitat? | [
"wetland",
"tundra",
"ocean",
"desert"
] | A habitat that is quickly being destroyed is the wetland . By the 1980s, over 80% of all wetlands in parts of the U. S. were destroyed. In Europe, many wetland species have gone extinct. For example, many bogs in Scotland have been lost because of human development. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4579 | What can ultimately result when species are introduced to a new place and prey on other species? | [
"elimination",
"depletion",
"extinction",
"over population"
] | Humans have caused many extinctions by introducing species to new places. For example, many of New Zealand’s birds have adapted to nesting on the ground. This was possible because there were no land mammals in New Zealand. Then Europeans arrived and brought cats, foxes, and other predators with them. Several of New Zea... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6567 | What is a primary source of the hormone melatonin? | [
"pituitary gland",
"thymus",
"pineal gland",
"thyroid gland"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_7196 | Small water bodies often fed by springs are called what? | [
"oceans",
"puddles",
"rivers",
"ponds"
] | Ponds are small water bodies often fed by springs. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1934 | Digestive enzymes secreted in the acidic environment (low ph) of the stomach help break down what? | [
"particles",
"proteins",
"molecules",
"cells"
] | Digestive enzymes secreted in the acidic environment (low pH) of the stomach help break down proteins into smaller molecules. The main digestive enzyme in the stomach is pepsin , which works best at a pH of about 1.5. These enzymes would not work optimally at other pHs. Trypsin is another enzyme in the digestive system... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11146 | A solute generally has what effect on the boiling point of a solvent? | [
"raises",
"randomizes",
"lowers",
"none"
] | In harmonic motion there is always a restorative force , which acts in the opposite direction of the velocity. The restorative force changes during oscillation and depends on the position of the object. In a pendulum it is the component of gravity along the path of motion. The force on the oscillating object is directl... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_518 | Beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium are classified as what type of metals? | [
"acid earth metals",
"alkaline support metals",
"alkaline earth metals",
"alkaline aligned metals"
] | The alkaline earth metals include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. Strontium and barium react with air and must be stored in oil. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9056 | The food particles are caught by the collar of the choanocyte and brought into the cell by what process? | [
"cellular respiration",
"phototropism",
"phagocytosis",
"hippocampus"
] | Chapter 15 1 Figure 15.3 B 3 Figure 15.33 A 4 B 6 D 8 B 10 A 12 B 14 C 16 C 18 A 20 Specialized tissues allow more efficient functioning because differentiated tissue types can perform unique functions and work together in tandem to allow the animal to perform more functions. For example, specialized muscle tissue allo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_147 | What type of reproduction usually occur during times of environmental stress? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"sexual reproduction",
"internal reproduction",
"hysterical reproduction"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_7348 | Electromagnetic waves are comprised of what two types of energy? | [
"electric and magnetic",
"solar and kinetic",
"kinetic and electric",
"magnetic and gravitational"
] | Gamma rays are electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are waves of electric and magnetic energy that travel through space at the speed of light. The energy travels in tiny “packets” of energy, called photons. Photons of gamma energy are called gamma particles. Other electromagnetic waves include microwaves, light... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2951 | What process of gradual change is the source of diversity of life on earth? | [
"creation",
"evolution",
"development",
"variation"
] | The Diversity of Life The fact that biology, as a science, has such a broad scope has to do with the tremendous diversity of life on earth. The source of this diversity is evolution, the process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species. Evolutionary biologists study the evolution of living th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5612 | Smaller sized galaxies are known as what? | [
"nebula",
"dwarf galaxies",
"black holes",
"constellations"
] | Dwarf galaxies are small galaxies containing “only” a few million to a few billion stars. Most dwarf galaxies are irregular in shape. However, there are also dwarf elliptical galaxies and dwarf spiral galaxies . Dwarf galaxies are the most common type in the Universe. However, because they are relatively small and dim,... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9193 | The age of a rock in years is its? | [
"geological age",
"absolute age",
"full age",
"chemical age"
] | The age of a rock in years is its absolute age . Absolute ages are much different from relative ages. The way of determining them is different, too. Absolute ages are determined by radiometric methods, such as carbon-14 dating. These methods depend on radioactive decay. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6299 | Bones consist of four types of tissue, compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow, and what? | [
"periosteum",
"collagen",
"plasma",
"epithelium"
] | Bones consist of four different types of tissue: periosteum, compact bone, spongy bone, and bone marrow. Ossification gradually changes the cartilage skeleton of the fetus to the bony skeleton of the adult. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4576 | What are animals that live with tiny zooxanthellae that also photosynthesize? | [
"bacteria",
"coral",
"worms",
"fungi"
] | What's at the bottom of the food chain? A bit of the food energy comes from above, where plankton photosynthesize. Most comes from the coral. Coral are animals that live with tiny zooxanthellae that also photosynthesize. Of course, you know what's at the top of this food chain!. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11382 | The conversion factor between solubility and molar solubility of a compound is known as what? | [
"molar mass",
"mass effect",
"molar value",
"stochastic mass"
] | Solubility is normally expressed in g/L of saturated solution. However, solubility can also be expressed as the moles per liter. Molar solubility is the number of moles of solute in one liter of saturated solution. In other words, the molar solubility of a given compound represents the highest molarity solution that is... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11633 | What type of diseases do antibiotics not affect? | [
"viruses",
"cancer",
"animal stings",
"autoimmune diseases"
] | Viruses are not affected by antibiotics. Several viral diseases can be treated with antiviral drugs or prevented with vaccines. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2270 | Gradual degradation of a material due to its exposure to the environment is known as what? | [
"erosion",
"metabolism",
"corrosion",
"destruction"
] | The driving force to combine with nonmetals to create ionic compounds varies quite a bit between different metals. Some pure metals, like cesium and potassium, are so eager to react that they must be stored under oil to avoid an immediate reaction with the oxygen present in air. Others, like platinum and gold, are stab... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8475 | What's the name for an atom that has gained or lost an electron? | [
"an photon",
"isotope",
"neutrino",
"an ion"
] | Atoms cannot only gain extra electrons. They can also lose electrons. In either case, they become ions . Ions are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons. If atoms lose electrons, they become positive ions, or cations. If atoms gain electrons, they become... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9753 | A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor is called? | [
"sea mounds",
"oceanic alps",
"blue ridge mountains",
"mid-ocean ridges"
] | mid-ocean ridges : A long chain of mountains that rises up high above the deep seafloor. An example is the light blue gash in middle of Atlantic Ocean. Light blue is higher elevation than dark blue. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9454 | Solvation involves surrounding ions with what? | [
"solvent particles",
"passive particles",
"molecules",
"proteins"
] | Solvation involves surrounding ions with solvent particles. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11539 | What is the process that allows organisms with better traits to survive and produce? | [
"spontaneous mutation",
"succession",
"adaptation",
"natural selection"
] | Evolution occurs by natural selection, the process by which organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers. Evolution is due to differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals within a population. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9950 | What force holds together both types of star clusters? | [
"gravity",
"weight",
"inertia",
"magnetism"
] | Star clusters are small groups of stars. A star cluster is smaller than a galaxy. There are two main types, open clusters and globular clusters. Both types are held together by gravity. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2349 | What is the world’s most serious resource problem? | [
"gas shortage",
"water scarcity",
"citrus blight",
"deforestation"
] | Most Americans have plenty of fresh, clean water. But many people around the world do not. In fact, water scarcity is the world’s most serious resource problem. How can that be? Water is almost everywhere. But much of it is unusable. What is usable is not always where it is needed. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8394 | What do we call use of electric current to encode information? | [
"metals",
"ferious",
"products",
"electronics"
] | The use of electric current to encode information is called electronics. Electronic signals may be digital or analog signals. Both types of signals encode information by changing the voltage of an electric current, but they do so in different ways. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6227 | Although they look like big rocks, what structures that serve as habitats for many different types of ocean life are actually alive? | [
"coral reefs",
"natural reefs",
"new forming reefs",
"southern reefs"
] | Coral reefs ( Figure below ) look like big rocks, but they are actually alive. They are built from cnidarians called corals. The corals are sessile (non-moving) polyps that can use their tentacles to feed on ocean creatures that pass by. Their skeletons are made up of calcium carbonate, which is also known as limestone... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10978 | What kind of fertilization do birds have? | [
"asexual",
"deep fertilization",
"sensitive fertilization",
"internal fertilization"
] | Birds reproduce sexually and have internal fertilization. Mating is generally preceded by courtship. Their amniotic eggs have hard shells and are laid in a nest. The eggs are usually incubated until they hatch. Most species have a relatively long period of parental care. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11423 | Osmotic pressure is important in biological systems because cell walls are what? | [
"semipermeable membranes",
"theonym membranes",
"variably membranes",
"impassable"
] | Osmotic pressure is important in biological systems because cell walls are semipermeable membranes. In particular, when a person is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids, the osmotic pressure of the fluid needs to be approximately the same as blood serum; otherwise bad things can happen. Figure 11.4 "Osmotic Pressure and R... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8524 | A form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere is known as? | [
"analyte",
"amines",
"chondrite",
"fullerene"
] | A fullerene (also called a Bucky ball) is a form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in a hollow sphere resembling a soccer ball (see Figure below ). Each sphere contains 60 carbon atoms, and each carbon atom is bonded to three others by single covalent bonds. The bonds are relatively weak, so fullerenes can d... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3727 | Scientists found that the youngest rocks on the seafloor were where? | [
"trenches.",
"mid - ocean sediments",
"mid-ocean ridges",
"mid - ocean glaciers"
] | The scientists used geologic dating techniques on seafloor rocks. They found that the youngest rocks on the seafloor were at the mid-ocean ridges. The rocks get older with distance from the ridge crest. The scientists were surprised to find that the oldest seafloor is less than 180 million years old. This may seem old,... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_394 | Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called what? | [
"variations",
"isotopes",
"radioactive",
"mutations"
] | Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1758 | Because plants lack what kind of system, their first line of defense is usually the death of cells surrounding infected tissue to prevent spread of infection? | [
"nervous system",
"hormones system",
"digestion system",
"immune system"
] | Plants don't have an immune system, but they do respond to disease. Typically, their first line of defense is the death of cells surrounding infected tissue. This prevents the infection from spreading. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8149 | What kind of cleavage do mammalian eggs exhibit? | [
"Meroblastic",
"spicule",
"holoblastic",
"cocklebur"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4189 | What are the two types of cells? | [
"mammal and plant",
"prokaryotes and eukaryotes",
"animal and bacteria",
"bacteria and eukaryotes"
] | There are two cell types: prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cells are usually single-celled and smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are usually found in multicellular organisms, but there are some single-celled eukaryotes. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2991 | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on what? | [
"a single point",
"their laurels",
"a pool of water",
"a surface"
] | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on a surface. For example, if you are hiking in the woods, there is static friction between your shoes and the trail each time you put down your foot (see Figure below ). Without this static friction, your feet would slip out from under you, making it difficult to w... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8675 | The brain develops from this early tube structure and gives rise to specific regions of the adult brain. as the neural tube grows and differentiates, it enlarges into three vesicles that correspond to the forebrain, midbrain, and this? | [
"anteriorbrain",
"astrobrain",
"hindbrain",
"rearbrain"
] | into the brain, and the posterior region becomes the spinal cord. Tissues at the edges of the neural groove, when it closes off, are called the neural crest and migrate through the embryo to give rise to PNS structures as well as some non-nervous tissues. The brain develops from this early tube structure and gives rise... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5670 | Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of what type of property? | [
"minimal",
"susceptible",
"severe",
"intensive"
] | Color, temperature, and solubility are examples of intensive properties. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4074 | Prosimians are thought to be more similar to the earliest of these? | [
"insects",
"primates",
"fish",
"rodents"
] | Primates called prosimians are generally smaller. There are also far fewer of them. Prosimians include lemurs, such as the mouse lemur in Figure above , and lorises. Prosimians are thought to be more similar to the earliest primates. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10542 | The three long muscles on the back of the knee are part of which group? | [
"hamstring group",
"patella",
"synovial joint",
"adductors"
] | of the proximal tibia. This versatile muscle flexes the leg at the knee and flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip. This muscle allows us to sit cross-legged. The posterior compartment of the thigh includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh. The three long muscles on the back of the knee... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2076 | What is a specific region in space within which a sensory receptor is responsive to stimuli? | [
"deceptive field",
"receptive field",
"amplify field",
"symmetrical field"
] | CHAPTER SUMMARY 36.1 Sensory Processes A sensory activation occurs when a physical or chemical stimulus is processed into a neural signal (sensory transduction) by a sensory receptor. Perception is an individual interpretation of a sensation and is a brain function. Humans have special senses: olfaction, gustation, equ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11315 | When an electron transitions from an excited state to a less excited state, or ground state, the difference in energy is emitted as a what? | [
"nucleus",
"photon",
"quark",
"neutron"
] | which is identical to the Rydberg equation for R ∞ = k . When Bohr calculated his theoretical value for the hc Rydberg constant, R ∞, and compared it with the experimentally accepted value, he got excellent agreement. Since the Rydberg constant was one of the most precisely measured constants at that time, this level o... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6012 | Because pathogenic bacteria typically cause disease by releasing exotoxins or endotoxins, they have potential use as what type of weapon? | [
"radioactive",
"nuclear missile",
"bioterrorism",
"pandemic"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5710 | Where does the development of a fetus take place? | [
"The kidney",
"The vagina",
"The bladder",
"the female reproductive system"
] | Earth has a tremendous amount of water. So why is water sometimes a scarce resource?. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2388 | In plants and algae where does photosynthesis takes place in? | [
"cytoplasm",
"nucleus",
"chloroplasts",
"cell wall"
] | In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. (Photosynthetic bacteria have other structures for this purpose. ) A chloroplast is a type of plastid, or plant organelle. It contains the green pigment known as chlorophyll . The presence of chloroplasts in plant cells is one of the major ways they diffe... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7479 | Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as what? | [
"influx",
"outflow",
"mid flow",
"inflow"
] | Ponds and lakes may get their water from several sources. Some falls directly into them as precipitation. Some enters as runoff and some from streams and rivers. Water leaves ponds and lakes through evaporation and also as outflow. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2346 | Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates? | [
"brains",
"kidneys",
"lungs",
"hearts"
] | Primates tend to have bigger brains for their body size than other mammals. This is reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9149 | The amount of power passed through transmission lines can be calculated by multiplying voltage by what? | [
"amplification",
"induction",
"current",
"resistance"
] | The amount of power passed through transmission lines can be calculated by multiplying voltage by current. The same power can be transmitted using a very high voltage and a very low current as with a low voltage and high current. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6209 | What type of lens and mirrors have a negative focal length? | [
"subverging",
"convexing",
"converging",
"diverging"
] | The focal length , , of a lens or mirror is the distance from the surface of the lens or mirror to the place where the light is focused. This is called the focal point or focus . For diverging lenses or mirrors, the focal length is negative. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2484 | Light has the properties of both a wave and what else? | [
"nucleus",
"atom",
"particle",
"electron"
] | Light has properties of both a wave and a particle. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6826 | What is the accelerating pattern of increasing population size called? | [
"limited growth",
"reproducing growth",
"induced growth",
"exponential growth"
] | Exponential Growth Charles Darwin, in his theory of natural selection, was greatly influenced by the English clergyman Thomas Malthus. Malthus published a book in 1798 stating that populations with unlimited natural resources grow very rapidly, and then population growth decreases as resources become depleted. This acc... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8756 | Elements are either metals, nonmetals, or what? | [
"reactive metals",
"partial metals",
"unstable metals",
"semimetals"
] | Elements are either metals, nonmetals, or semimetals. Each group is located in a different part of the periodic table. Another way to categorize the elements of the periodic table is shown in Figure 2.9 "Special Names for Sections of the Periodic Table". The first two columns on the left and the last six columns on the... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5677 | Protein chains containing 10 or fewer amino acids are usually referred to as what? | [
"peptides",
"carboxyl",
"protons",
"polypeptides"
] | the conditions, amino acids can act as either acids or bases, which means that proteins act as buffers. The pH at which an amino acid exists as the zwitterion is called theisoelectric point (pI). The amino acids in a protein are linked together by peptide bonds. Protein chains containing 10 or fewer amino acids are usu... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1802 | What science is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? | [
"astronomy",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"geology"
] | Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11306 | The amount of what entering the eyes helps control the biological clock? | [
"energy",
"air",
"light",
"heat"
] | In many species, including humans, circadian rhythms are controlled by a tiny structure called the biological clock . This structure is located in a gland at the base of the brain. The biological clock sends signals to the body. The signals cause regular changes in behavior and body processes. The amount of light enter... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7772 | The mild oxidation of thiols gives compounds called what? | [
"halides",
"disulfides",
"carbonates",
"dioxides"
] | Thiols (also called mercaptans), which are sulfur analogs of alcohols, have the general formula RSH. Methanethiol (also called methyl mercaptan), has the formula CH3SH. Ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan) is the most common odorant for liquid propane (LP) gas. The mild oxidation of thiols gives compounds called disulfides. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3206 | What in mammalian lungs, increases the surface area for gas exchange? | [
"bronchi",
"bronchioles",
"thorax",
"alveoli"
] | The lungs of mammals are unique in having alveoli. These are tiny, sac-like structures. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of very small blood vessels (see Figure below ). Because there are millions of alveoli in each lung, they greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream.... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1891 | What is found at the top of the stamen? | [
"pistil",
"fungi",
"petals",
"pollen"
] | The next structure is the stamen , consisting of the stalk-like filament that holds up the anther , or pollen sac. The pollen, which is found at the top of the stamen, is the male gametophyte. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_811 | Where is the pressure of gases in the atmosphere at its greatest? | [
"mountain ranges",
"sea level",
"core",
"stratosphere"
] | The pressure of gases in the atmosphere is greatest at sea level and decreases rapidly as altitude increases. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11488 | New land can be created when what happens to a volcano? | [
"it dies",
"it erupts",
"it evolves",
"it stays dormant"
] | New land can be created by volcanic eruptions. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3370 | Eukaryotic cells undergo what kinds of divisions that more primitive cells do not? | [
"budding",
"mitosis",
"meiosis",
"homologous"
] | Mitosis , or division of the nucleus, occurs only in eukaryotic cells. By the time mitosis occurs, the cell’s DNA has already replicated. Mitosis occurs in four phases, called prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. You can see what happens in each phase in Figure below . The phases are described below. You can a... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1781 | The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called what? | [
"chloroplasts",
"nucleus",
"mitochondria",
"fibroblasts"
] | Plants are a large and varied group of organisms. There are close to 300,000 species of catalogued plants. Of these, about 260,000 are plants that produce seeds. Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasiti... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9526 | What enthalpy change is observed in an exothermic reaction? | [
"negative",
"no change",
"positive",
"entropy"
] | The reaction is exothermic and thus the sign of the enthalpy change is negative. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8378 | Cancer of the testes is most common in males between what ages? | [
"10 and 20",
"15 and 35",
"70 and 90",
"50 and 60"
] | Another disorder of the testes is cancer . Cancer of the testes is most common in males aged 15 to 35. It occurs when cells in the testes grow out of control. The cells form a lump called a tumor. If found early, cancer of the testes usually can be easily cured with surgery. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1450 | Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or this? | [
"ice",
"gas",
"crystal",
"fluid"
] | Depending on the surrounding conditions, normal matter usually exists as one of three phases: solid, liquid, or gas. A phase change is a physical process in which a substance goes from one phase to another. Usually the change occurs when adding or removing heat at a particular temperature, known as the melting point or... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1029 | The variable is the speed of light. for the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in what? | [
"miles",
"centimeters",
"hertz",
"gigawatts"
] | The variable is the speed of light. For the relationship to hold mathematically, if the speed of light is used in m/s, the wavelength must be in meters and the frequency in Hertz. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2274 | What type of habitat do ferns need to grow? | [
"moist",
"dry",
"elevated",
"cold"
] | Ferns 11,000 They have large leaves in fronds. They have stiff stems, so they are tall growing; some are trees. They reproduce with spores. They need a moist habitat. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5367 | The conductive cells within the heart establish the heart rate and transmit it through the what? | [
"neurons",
"conduction",
"meiosis",
"myocardium"
] | 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity The heart is regulated by both neural and endocrine control, yet it is capable of initiating its own action potential followed by muscular contraction. The conductive cells within the heart establish the heart rate and transmit it through the myocardium. The contractile cells... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6671 | This process breaks rocks and other surface materials into much smaller pieces? | [
"chemical reaction",
"corrosion",
"weathering",
"leaching"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_1550 | Cancers derived from epithelial cells are referred to as what? | [
"nodules",
"carcinomas",
"caricatures",
"adenomas"
] | Tissues and Cancer Cancer is a generic term for many diseases in which cells escape regulatory signals. Uncontrolled growth, invasion into adjacent tissues, and colonization of other organs, if not treated early enough, are its hallmarks. Health suffers when tumors “rob” blood supply from the “normal” organs. A mutatio... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9150 | When a balloon is rubbed against hair, they attract each other because of a difference in what? | [
"actions",
"charges",
"Force",
"Friction"
] | Did you ever rub an inflated balloon against your hair? You can see what happens in Figure below . Friction between the rubber of the balloon and the baby’s hair results in electrons from the hair "rubbing off" onto the balloon. That’s because rubber attracts electrons more strongly than hair does. After the transfer o... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11515 | The golgi removes some sugar monomers and substitutes others, producing a large variety of what? | [
"fats",
"electrolytes",
"carbohydrates",
"proteins"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6067 | What determines whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or not? | [
"thickness of magma",
"lava temperature",
"curve of magma",
"magma velocity"
] | Volcanic eruptions can be non-explosive or explosive depending on the thickness of the magma. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11142 | In birds, lightweight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart are examples of adaptations for what purpose? | [
"speed",
"flight",
"long lifespan",
"mating"
] | Birds are endothermic tetrapod vertebrates. They are bipedal and have wings and feathers. Their organ systems are adapted for flight. For example, they have light-weight air-filled bones and a large four-chambered heart. Birds also have relatively large brains and a high level of intelligence. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_413 | Which type of ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves? | [
"Boston fern",
"Hothouse fern",
"Ostrich fern",
"whisk ferns"
] | Forest and Kim Starr/Starr Environmental. Whisk ferns have yellow sporangia and no leaves . CC BY 3.0. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1673 | What compound is formed when there are sparking electrical equipment? | [
"water",
"ozone",
"smog",
"carbon"
] | The sharp odor associated with sparking electrical equipment is due, in part, to ozone. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7940 | When using a generator, we are transforming what energy into what energy? | [
"mechanical into thermal",
"magnetic into kinetic",
"thermal into radioactive",
"kinetic into electrical"
] | Generators may be set up to produce either direct or alternating current. Generators in cars and most power plants produce alternating current. Regardless of the type of current, all generators change kinetic energy to electrical energy. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10960 | Which type of cell division halves the number of chromosomes? | [
"fragmentation",
"meiosis",
"budding",
"mitosis"
] | Meiosis is a type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3836 | The digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems of amphibians share a body cavity called what? | [
"stoma",
"urethra",
"cloaca",
"anus"
] | All amphibians have digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. All three systems share a body cavity called the cloaca. Wastes enter the cloaca from the digestive and excretory systems, and gametes enter the cloaca from the reproductive system. An opening in the cloaca allows the wastes and gametes to leave the bo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10772 | What does all matter consist of? | [
"helium",
"oxygen",
"carbon",
"atoms"
] | All matter consists of atoms, which cannot be further subdivided into smaller particles. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2611 | What is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell? | [
"vacuole",
"ribosome",
"mitochondria",
"nucleus"
] | The nucleus is the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell. It contains most of the cell’s DNA. DNA, in turn, contains the genetic code. This code “tells” the cell which proteins to make and when to make them. You can see a diagram of a cell nucleus in Figure below . Besides DNA, the nucleus contains a structure called ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9121 | What are chemical reactions represented by? | [
"nuclear equations",
"chemical equations",
"carbon equations",
"liquid equations"
] | A chemical reaction occurs when some substances change chemically to other substances. Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. Consider a simple chemical reaction, the burning of methane. In this reaction, methane (CH 4 ) combines with oxygen (O 2 ) in the air and produces carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and w... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10320 | A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel and? | [
"a rope",
"a lever",
"a wedge",
"a battery"
] | Another simple machine that uses a wheel is the pulley. A pulley is a simple machine that consists of a rope and grooved wheel. The rope fits into the groove in the wheel, and pulling on the rope turns the wheel. Figure below shows two common uses of pulleys. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_649 | When someone falls, the kinetic energy the person has upon reaching the floor is the amount of what energy lost by falling through height? | [
"potential energy",
"nuclear energy",
"thermal energy",
"gravitational energy"
] | with a minus sign because the displacement while stopping and the force from floor are in opposite directions (cos θ = cos 180º = − 1) . The floor removes energy from the system, so it does negative work. The kinetic energy the person has upon reaching the floor is the amount of potential energy lost by falling through... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2774 | Prostaglandins also help regulate the aggregation of platelets, one step in the formation of what? | [
"acne",
"bloats",
"blood clots",
"cysts"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_4686 | What are the dark areas of the moon called? | [
"maria",
"laura",
"hollow space",
"craters"
] | The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8413 | What is one trait that the sponge and tarantula share? | [
"lack of a cycle",
"lack of a backbone",
"lack of a emerge",
"lack of ogranic"
] | One trait the sponge and tarantula share is lack of a backbone. In fact, they don’t have any bones at all. These are defining traits of all invertebrates. Some invertebrates have a skeleton, but it isn’t made of bone. Many other traits of invertebrates show considerable diversity. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5290 | What were the first living things to evolve on earth? | [
"prokaryotes",
"eukaryotes",
"carbon",
"DNA"
] | Prokaryotes were the first living things to evolve on Earth, probably around 3.8 billion years ago. They were the only living things until the first eukaryotic cells evolved about 2 billion years ago. Prokaryotes are still the most numerous organisms on Earth. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2811 | What compounds, which serve as fuels and are used in manufacturing, are called the driving force of western civilization? | [
"fossils",
"gas",
"hydrocarbons",
"forests"
] | It is hard to overstate the importance of hydrocarbons to modern life. Hydrocarbons have even been called the driving force of western civilization. You saw some ways they are used in Figure above . Several other ways are illustrated in Figure below . Their most important use is as fuels. Gasoline, natural gas, fuel oi... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1806 | The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between what and the internal organs? | [
"peripheral nervous system",
"somatic system",
"central nervous system",
"hormones"
] | The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between the CNS and the internal organs. It controls the lungs, the heart, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands. The autonomic nervous system controls these organs largely without conscious control; it can continuously monitor the conditions of these differen... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10114 | What is composed of very long strands of glucose monomers, is largely indigestible and comprises the cell walls of plants? | [
"tree bark",
"cellulose",
"chlorophyll",
"vascular cambrium"
] | Cellulose is composed of very long strands of glucose monomers that are hydrogen bonded to one another. Cellulose is largely indigestible and comprises the cell walls of plants. | B | null |
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