dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_8120 | While normal light microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1,500 times, what advanced instruments can magnify objects up to 1,000,000 times? | [
"electron microscopes",
"electric microscopes",
"magnetic microscopes",
"micro microscopes"
] | Normal light microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1,500 times. Electron microscopes can magnify objects up to 1,000,000 times. Why can electron microscopes magnify images so much? A microscope’s resolution depends on the wavelength of light used. The smaller the wavelength, the more a microscope can magnify. Lig... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8889 | How does litmus paper indicate the ph value of a solution? | [
"by shape",
"by color",
"by smell",
"by texture"
] | There are two common ways to measure pH. When only an approximate pH value is needed, an inexpensive test involves the use of acid-base indicators , which change color based on the relative acidity of the solution. One type of common indicator is litmus paper. For example, if a piece of litmus paper is dipped into an a... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1482 | What is the name of the smallest planet in our solar system, which is also nearest to the sun? | [
"mercury",
"earth",
"jupitor",
"mars"
] | Mercury is the smallest planet. It has no moon. It is also the planet closest to the Sun. Pictured below is the surface of Mercury covered with craters ( Figure below ), like Earth’s Moon. Many of the impact craters are billions of years old. This means that Mercury hasn’t changed much geologically for billions of year... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5439 | Where does most of the sound we hear travel through? | [
"light",
"water",
"the ground",
"air"
] | Most of the sounds we hear reach our ears through the air, but sounds can also travel through liquids and solids. If you swim underwater—or even submerge your ears in bathwater—any sounds you hear have traveled to your ears through the water. Some solids, including glass and metals, are very good at transmitting sounds... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6525 | In what type of diabetes can the pancreas still make insulin, but the cells of the body cannot use it efficiently? | [
"type 2 diabetes",
"type A diabetes",
"type 3 diabetes",
"type 1 diabetes"
] | Type 2 diabetes occurs when body cells are no longer sensitive to insulin. The pancreas may still make insulin, but the cells of the body cannot use it efficiently. Being overweight and having high blood pressure increase the chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes usually develops in adulthood, but it i... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10339 | What is the scientific term for climates with the least moisture? | [
"arid",
"polar",
"tropical",
"mediterannean"
] | In terms of moisture, climates can be classified as arid (dry), semi-arid, humid (wet), or semi-humid. The amount of moisture depends on both precipitation and evaporation. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1082 | What characteristics of an organism help it survive? | [
"additions",
"Changes",
"systems",
"adaptations"
] | Some of the characteristics an organism has may help it survive. These characteristics are called adaptations . Some adaptations are better than others. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1106 | Bones are part of which body system? | [
"muscular system",
"hard system",
"skeletal system",
"circulation system"
] | The brain and spinal cord are protected within bones of the skeletal system, but injuries to these organs still occur. With mild injuries, there may be no lasting effects. With severe injuries, there may be permanent disability or even death. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4226 | Oscillations in the transcription of certain genes are at the heart of the molecular mechanisms underlying what biological rhythms? | [
"circadian rhythms",
"brain rhythms",
"reproductive rhythms",
"metastasis rhythms"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8089 | What instrument made it possible to study pressure quantitatively? | [
"seismograph",
"anemometer",
"thermometer",
"barometer"
] | The thermometer was developed a short time after the barometer made it possible to study pressure in a quantitative manner. Although crude thermometers had been available for quite some time, Daniel Fahrenheit constructed a more accurate thermometer in 1724 using mercury in glass. Because the height of the mercury in t... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4598 | What is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule? | [
"compound mass",
"atomic energy",
"mass effect",
"molecular mass"
] | Note: Atomic mass is given to three decimal places, if known. Now that we understand that atoms have mass, it is easy to extend the concept to the mass of molecules. The molecular mass is the sum of the masses of the atoms in a molecule. This may seem like a trivial extension of the concept, but it is important to coun... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2015 | Which type of glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys? | [
"alpine glaciers",
"altitude glaciers",
"rocky glaciers",
"seaside glaciers"
] | Continental glaciers form in a central location with ice moving outward in all directions. Alpine glaciers form in high mountains and travel through valleys. Ice caps cover large areas. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11546 | What are the two most common causes of diseases? | [
"nutritional deficiencies",
"viruses and protazoa",
"bacteria and viruses",
"bacteria and protazoa"
] | Today most people realize that microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, are the cause of disease. This concept is known as the germ theory of disease, one of the few scientific theories in the field of the life sciences. Although it seems obvious now, people did not always understand the cause of disease. How does ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3336 | What does the heat energy affect in the atmosphere? | [
"gravity and precipitation",
"winds and weather",
"erosion and condensation",
"density and humidity"
] | How do the differences in energy striking different latitudes affect Earth? The planet is much warmer at the equator than at the poles. In the atmosphere, the differences in heat energy cause winds and weather. On the surface, the differences cause ocean currents. Can you explain how?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8809 | What is a measure of how much energy is needed to change the temperature of a substance? | [
"momentum",
"thermal potential",
"specific heat",
"specific gravity"
] | where the mass, specific heat, and change in temperature are multiplied together. Specific heat is a measure of how much energy is needed to change the temperature of a substance; the larger the specific heat, the more energy is needed to change the temperature. The units for specific heat are depending on what the uni... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9462 | What process provides over 99 percent of the energy for life on earth? | [
"fracking",
"photosynthesis",
"farming",
"glycolysis"
] | Photosynthesis provides over 99 percent of the energy for life on earth. A much smaller group of autotrophs - mostly bacteria in dark or low-oxygen environments - produce food using the chemical energy stored in inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or methane. While photosynthesis transforms light ene... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3140 | What is the first stage of cellular respiration? | [
"glycolysis",
"electron transport",
"photosynthesis",
"Krebs cycle"
] | The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis . It takes place in the cytosol of the cytoplasm. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11548 | What drives the turbine in a thermonuclear reactor? | [
"heated water or steam",
"magnets",
"heated oil",
"wind energy"
] | Scientists are searching for ways to create controlled nuclear fusion reactions on Earth. Their goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to electricity. You can see how this might work in the Figure below . In the thermonuclear reactor, radiation from... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5655 | The energy that enters the chloroplasts as sunlight becomes stored as what type of energy in organic compounds? | [
"chemical energy",
"thermal energy",
"radiation energy",
"defect energy"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_2683 | What do you call the state in which a plant slows down cellular activities and may shed its leaves? | [
"hibernation",
"dormancy",
"recession",
"germination"
] | In biomes with cold climates, plants may adapt by becoming dormant during the coldest part of the year. Dormancy is a state in which a plant slows down cellular activities and may shed its leaves. Animals also adapt to cold temperatures. One way is with insulation in the form of fur and fat. This is how the polar bears... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4836 | What is caused when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels? | [
"aneurysm",
"blood pressure",
"atherosclerosis",
"high cholesterol"
] | Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_268 | What is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust? | [
"silicon",
"nitrogen",
"carbon",
"helium"
] | What is this intricate orb? It is the greatly magnified skeleton of single-celled ocean organisms call radiolarian. The skeleton is made of an element that is extremely common on Earth. In fact, it is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust. It is also one of the most common elements in the entire universe. W... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_165 | How metalloids behave in chemical interactions with other elements depends mainly on the number of what, in the outer energy level of their atoms? | [
"electrons",
"protons",
"positrons",
"neutrons"
] | How metalloids behave in chemical interactions with other elements depends mainly on the number of electrons in the outer energy level of their atoms. Metalloids have from three to six electrons in their outer energy level. Boron, pictured in the Figure below , is the only metalloid with just three electrons in its out... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8826 | Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and in what property, which is lower in waves of longer wavelengths? | [
"size",
"density",
"frequency",
"resonance"
] | Electromagnetic waves vary in wavelength and frequency. Longer wavelength electromagnetic waves have lower frequencies, and shorter wavelength waves have higher frequencies. Higher frequency waves have more energy. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4257 | What theory goes beyond classical mechanics to describe the behavior of near-light-speed objects? | [
"normal relativity",
"spacial relativity",
"simple relativity",
"special relativity"
] | A great many experiments have been performed to test the predictions of special relativity. No contradictions have been found. Scientists have therefore accepted special relativity as an accurate description of nature. When the relative velocities of objects are considerably less than the speed of light, the formulas f... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9285 | The air bubbles resulting from cavitation expand and block water channels of the what? | [
"ectoderm",
"heart",
"xylem",
"respiration"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2714 | What historical event taught people that soil could be lost by plowing and growing crops and encouraged new methods to prevent erosion? | [
"the flow bowl",
"the debris bowl",
"the land bowl",
"the dust bowl"
] | The Dust Bowl taught people that soil could be lost by plowing and growing crops. This led to the development of new ways of farming that help protect the soil. Some of the methods are described in Figure below . | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2628 | What does blood pickup from the lungs to be carried throughout the rest of the body? | [
"carbon",
"white blood cells",
"oxygen",
"platelets"
] | The blood picks up oxygen in the lungs and carries it to cells throughout the body. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8217 | Fractures and faults are terms you hear when talking about? | [
"volcanoes",
"magnets",
"earthquakes",
"storms"
] | Compare fractures and faults and define how they are related to earthquakes. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2462 | In humans, pharyngeal slits later develop into what? | [
"inner ear",
"outer ear",
"long ear",
"middle ear"
] | In some chordates, all four traits persist throughout life and serve important functions. However, in many chordates, including humans, all four traits are present only during the embryonic stage. After that, some of the traits disappear or develop into other organs. For example, in humans, pharyngeal slits are present... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5323 | What alloy is made from copper and zinc? | [
"stele",
"manganate",
"iron",
"brass"
] | Brass saxophone: Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is softer than bronze and easier to shape. It's also very shiny. Notice the curved pieces in this shiny brass saxophone. Brass is used for shaping many other curved objects, such as doorknobs and plumbing fixtures. Stainless steel sink: Stainless steel is a type... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8118 | What kind of energy is released when the thermochemical reaction of a campfire converts wood to carbon dioxide and water? | [
"light",
"smoke",
"ultraviolet",
"heat"
] | A camp fire is an example of basic thermochemistry. The reaction is initiated by the application of heat from a match. The reaction converting wood to carbon dioxide and water (among other things) continues, releasing heat energy in the process. This heat energy can then be used to cook food, roast marshmallows, or jus... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8006 | Bony fish can live in either of what type of aquatic biome? | [
"oceans or estuaries",
"coral reefs or freshwater",
"saltwater or freshwater",
"estuaries or saltwater"
] | Bony fish may live in salt water or freshwater. They consume a wide range of foods. For example, they may eat algae, smaller fish, detritus, or dead organisms, depending on the species of fish. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8777 | Class bivalvia (“two shells”) includes clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and these? | [
"octopuss",
"geoducks",
"grendels",
"crabs"
] | Class Bivalvia (“two shells”) includes clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and geoducks. Members of this class are found in marine as well as freshwater habitats. As the name suggests, bivalves are enclosed in a pair of shells (valves are commonly called “shells”) that are hinged at the dorsal end by shell ligaments as ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9895 | What "apparatus" is responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough endoplasmic reticulum? | [
"plasma apparatus",
"secretion apparatus",
"golgi apparatus",
"receptor apparatus"
] | The Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus is responsible for sorting, modifying, and shipping off the products that come from the rough ER, much like a post-office. The Golgi apparatus looks like stacked flattened discs, almost like stacks of oddly shaped pancakes. Like the ER, these discs are membranous. The Golgi appar... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_341 | What basic plant structure facilitates dispersal of pollen and fruit by raising reproductive structures? | [
"leaf",
"stem",
"root",
"flower"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_9971 | What is the name given to anything that has mass and takes up space? | [
"vacuum",
"organism",
"molecule",
"matter"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_1541 | The protist life cycle benefits by including what forms of reproduction? | [
"atypical and sexual",
"ideal and sexual",
"asexual and biological",
"asexual and sexual"
] | Most protists also have a complex life cycle. The life cycle of an organism is the cycle of phases it goes through until it returns to the starting phase. The protist life cycle includes both sexual and asexual reproduction. Why reproduce both ways? Each way has benefits. Asexual reproduction is fast. It allows rapid p... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3771 | What two cycles make up the female reproductive cycle? | [
"ovarian and cesarean",
"ovarian and menstrual",
"cervical and menstrual",
"digestive and menstrual"
] | Female Hormones The control of reproduction in females is more complex. The female reproductive cycle is divided into the ovarian cycle and the menstrual cycle. The ovarian cycle governs the preparation of endocrine tissues and release of eggs, while the menstrual cycle governs the preparation and maintenance of the ut... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8200 | What kind of systems use fluid to transmit pressure and increase force? | [
"plumbing systems",
"electromagnetic systems",
"hydraulic systems",
"thermal systems"
] | Hydraulic car lifts also use fluid to transmit pressure and increase force. The lifts are used to raise cars, which are very heavy, so mechanics can work on them from underneath. Controls in airplanes use fluids to transmit pressure and increase force so a flick of a switch can raise or lower heavy landing gear. To see... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2126 | Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust and have large what? | [
"pores",
"coal deposits",
"crystals",
"atoms"
] | Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust. They have large crystals. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5555 | Fluid-filled thylakoids are the site of glucose production in the second stage of what process? | [
"measurements",
"photosynthesis",
"glycolysis",
"birth"
] | The interior space that surrounds the thylakoids is filled with a fluid called stroma . This is where carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose, the second part of photosynthesis. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6412 | What are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis an example of? | [
"viral stis",
"bacterial stis",
"genetic diseases",
"metabolic disorders"
] | A sexually transmitted infection (STI) is a disease that spreads mainly through sexual contact. STIs are more common in teens and young adults than in older people. Bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Viral STIs include genital warts, genital herpes, and AIDS. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4080 | Dna transcription is controlled by what type of proteins? | [
"digested",
"regulatory",
"genetic",
"essential"
] | As shown in Figure below , transcription is controlled by regulatory proteins . The proteins bind to regions of DNA, called regulatory elements , which are located near promoters. After regulatory proteins bind to regulatory elements, they can interact with RNA polymerase, the enzyme that transcribes DNA to mRNA. Regul... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1387 | What third property is different if two boxes have the same volume but one has greater mass? | [
"output",
"oxygen",
"density",
"diameter"
] | A: Both boxes have the same volume because they are the same size. However, the books have greater mass than the feathers. Therefore, the box of books has greater density. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3551 | For an exothermic chemical reaction, energy is given off as reactants are converted to what? | [
"exports",
"products",
"forms",
"imports"
] | For an exothermic chemical reaction, energy is given off as reactants are converted to products. In chemical reactions where the products have a higher energy than the reactants, the reactants must absorb energy from their environment to react. These reactions are endothermic and can be represented by an energy-level d... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8846 | The primary nitrogenous waste material secreted by ureotelic animals is what substance? | [
"nitrate",
"ammonia",
"urea",
"carbon"
] | invertebrates produce uric acid. Animals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material are called ureotelic animals. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4320 | What term means the percentage by mass of each element in a compound? | [
"biomass",
"mass effect",
"percent composition",
"elemental percent"
] | Percent Composition The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most succinct way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of each of its constituent elements is often the first step in the process of determining ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2433 | Invertebrates make up what percentage of all animal species? | [
"50 percent",
"95 percent",
"90 percent",
"30 percent"
] | Invertebrates are animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. All the phyla in Table above , except the Phylum Chordata, consist only of invertebrates. Even the Phylum Chordata includes some invertebrate taxa. Invertebrates make up about 95 percent of all animal species. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6796 | The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________? | [
"liquid's mass",
"enough ’ s mass",
"solvent's mass",
"solution ’ s mass"
] | Mass Percentage Earlier in this chapter, we introduced percent composition as a measure of the relative amount of a given element in a compound. Percentages are also commonly used to express the composition of mixtures, including solutions. The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the comp... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3941 | What type of charge do electrons have? | [
"bipolar",
"neutral",
"positive",
"negative"
] | Electrons have negative charge and protons have positive charge. The magnitude of the charge is the same for both, . | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7297 | The fetus becoming relatively large and mature before birth increases the chances of what? | [
"disease",
"survival",
"intelligence",
"mutations"
] | The placenta permits a long period of fetal growth. As a result, the fetus can become relatively large and mature before birth. This increases its chances of survival. On the other hand, supporting a growing fetus may be difficult for the mother. She has to eat more while pregnant and may become less mobile as the fetu... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_745 | A mutation is a random change in an organism's what? | [
"structure",
"genes",
"power",
"babies"
] | At some point, the variation probably came from a mutation. A mutation is a random change in an organism's genes. Mutations are natural. Some are harmful, but many are neutral. If the trait from the mutation is beneficial, that organism may have a better chance to survive. An organism that survives is likely to have of... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8383 | Four electron groups orient themselves into what shape that has four faces? | [
"circular",
"spherical",
"multicellular",
"tetrahedron"
] | Four electron groups orient themselves in the shape of a tetrahedron. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3349 | What is term for the smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of said element? | [
"proton",
"atom",
"molecule",
"nucleus"
] | Atoms are the building blocks of matter. They are the smallest particles of an element that still have the element’s properties. Elements, in turn, are pure substances—such as nickel, hydrogen, and helium—that make up all kinds of matter. All the atoms of a given element are identical in that they have the same number ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5870 | The diversity of alleles and genotypes within a population is known as genetic what? | [
"density",
"variable",
"group",
"variance"
] | Before Darwinian evolution became the prevailing theory of the field, French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck theorized that acquired traits could, in fact, be inherited; while this hypothesis has largely been unsupported, scientists have recently begun to realize that Lamarck was not completely wrong. Visit this site ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5355 | What kind of interference is observed when the paths differ by a whole wavelength, and the waves arrive in phase? | [
"necessary interference",
"non-interference",
"spontaneous interference",
"constructive interference"
] | To understand the double slit interference pattern, we consider how two waves travel from the slits to the screen, as illustrated in Figure 27.13. Each slit is a different distance from a given point on the screen. Thus different numbers of wavelengths fit into each path. Waves start out from the slits in phase (crest ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10642 | What are mammals that lay eggs called? | [
"herbivores",
"amphibians",
"monotremes",
"kangaroos"
] | 29.4 | Reptiles By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the main characteristics of amniotes • Explain the difference between anapsids, synapsids, and diapsids, and give an example of each • Identify the characteristics of reptiles • Discuss the evolution of reptiles The amniotes —reptiles, birds, a... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11586 | What system disorders include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections? | [
"renal system",
"nervous system",
"digestive system",
"urinary system"
] | Disorders of the urinary system include kidney stones, kidney failure, and urinary tract infections. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8273 | Light is produced when charged particles do what, frequently in the form of oscillating? | [
"decelerate",
"offset",
"accelerate",
"increase"
] | Light is produced when charged particles accelerate . As a result changing electric and magnetic fields radiate outward. The traveling electric and magnetic fields of an accelerating (often oscillating) charged particle are known as electromagnetic radiation or light. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5450 | Which common oxidizing agent can be used to oxidize alcohols? | [
"hydrogen dichromate",
"hydrogen chloride",
"potassium dichromate",
"potassium chloride"
] | Oxidation-reduction reactions are of central importance in organic chemistry and biochemistry. The burning of fuels that provides the energy to maintain our civilization and the metabolism of foods that furnish the energy that keeps us alive both involve redox reactions. All combustion reactions are also redox reaction... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10474 | The primary output of the basal nuclei is to the thalamus, which relays that output to where? | [
"suffering cortex",
"Back cortex",
"cerebral cortex",
"effect cortex"
] | Thalamus The thalamus is a collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brain stem. All sensory information, except for the sense of smell, passes through the thalamus before processing by the cortex. Axons from the peripheral sensory organs, or intermediate... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4346 | What incredibly successful species has quickly colonized almost all of earth’s terrestrial habitats, but also impacted earth, its climate, and its environment? | [
"birds",
"fish",
"humans",
"chimpanzees"
] | The human species has been incredibly successful. In a relatively short period of time, it has colonized almost all of Earth’s terrestrial habitats. Unfortunately, human beings have also impacted Earth, its climate, and its environment. Human actions threaten Earth’s valuable biodiversity. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5975 | Which of newton's law shows that there is a direct relationship between force and acceleration? | [
"first",
"none of the above",
"third",
"second"
] | Newton’s second law shows that there is a direct relationship between force and acceleration. The greater the force that is applied to an object of a given mass, the more the object will accelerate. For example, doubling the force on the object doubles its acceleration. The relationship between mass and acceleration, o... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7976 | Bromine is much less abundant than fluorine or chlorine, but it is easily recovered from seawater, which contains about 65 mg of br− per what? | [
"pound",
"gallon",
"liter",
"foot"
] | electrolysis2NaOH ( aq ) + Cl2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g ) Bromine is much less abundant than fluorine or chlorine, but it is easily recovered from seawater, which contains about 65 mg of Br− per liter. Salt lakes and underground brines are even richer sources; for example, the Dead Sea contains 4 g of Br− per liter. Iodine is t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10089 | What are the two possible reduction products for brf3? | [
"brf2 and brf4",
"brg and brf",
"brf and br2",
"brf and brf4"
] | redox reaction will occur. The only question is whether lead will be oxidized to Pb(II) or Pb(IV). Because BrF3 is a powerful oxidant and fluorine is able to stabilize high oxidation states of other elements, it is likely that PbF4 will be the product. The two possible reduction products for BrF3 are BrF and Br2. The a... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5917 | The needle of a compass is made of what element? | [
"tin",
"aluminum",
"nickel",
"iron"
] | Calsidyrose. The needle of a compass is made of the element iron . CC BY 2.0. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2681 | What do obligate aerobes need to live? | [
"dioxide",
"acid",
"oxygen",
"blood"
] | Organisms that are obligate aerobes need oxygen to live. That is, they use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor while making ATP (see the “Cellular Respiration” concept). Humans are obligate aerobes, and so are Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. M. tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB). Obligate aerobes are found o... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2161 | Yolk is a very fragile substance found in the eggs of reptiles and needs protection. what serves as protection for the yolk? | [
"dish sac",
"yolk sac",
"eye sac",
"fish sac"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_5383 | What term refers to any method of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form? | [
"carbon sequestration",
"carbon transfer",
"carbon metamorphosis",
"carbon footprint"
] | Carbon sequestration is any way of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing it in another form. Carbon is sequestered naturally by forests. Trees take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Artificial methods of sequestering carbon underground are being researched. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5266 | Pakicetus and rodhocetus are considered to be ancestors of modern what? | [
"rodents",
"whales",
"hominins",
"primates"
] | Pakicetus and Rodhocetus are considered to be ancestors of modern whales. Scientists still argue about how aquatic Pakicetus was, but Rodhocetus is considered to be a largely aquatic animal. Where is the nostril located on Pakicetus ?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7067 | What instruments used in guidance systems to indicate directions in space must have an angular momentum that does not change in direction? | [
"magnets",
"gyroscopes",
"elevators",
"actuators"
] | Gyroscopes used in guidance systems to indicate directions in space must have an angular momentum that does not change in direction. Yet they are often subjected to large forces and accelerations. How can the direction of their angular momentum be constant when they are accelerated?. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4542 | A chain of what structures form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot? | [
"ridges",
"volcanoes",
"earthquakes",
"outcrops"
] | A chain of volcanoes form as an oceanic plate moves over a hotspot. This is how it happens. A volcano forms over the hotspot. Since the plate is moving, the volcano moves off of the hotspot. When the hotspot erupts again, a new volcano forms over it. This volcano is next to the first. Over time, there is a line of volc... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10396 | Net production efficiency allows ecologists to quantify how efficiently organisms of a particular what incorporate the energy they receive into biomass? | [
"hypothesized level",
"trophic level",
"sea level",
"neural level"
] | In Silver Springs, the TLTE between the first two trophic levels was approximately 14.8 percent. The low efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is usually the major factor that limits the length of food chains observed in a food web. The fact is, after four to six energy transfers, there is not enough ene... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_960 | What kind of gland produces an oily substance that waterproofs the hair and skin? | [
"nail gland",
"secretion gland",
"mucous gland",
"sebaceous gland"
] | oily substance produced in the dermis by a sebaceous gland that waterproofs the hair and skin. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6838 | What layer of skin is directly under the epidermis? | [
"sweat glands",
"the dermis",
"hypodermis",
"the aponeurosis"
] | The dermis is the layer of skin directly under the epidermis. It is made of a tough connective tissue. The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and blood vessels ( Figure above ). It also holds many nerve endings that give you your sense of touch, pressure, heat, and pain. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1490 | What organs have tiny tubes leading to and from elastic air sacs that improve airflow and oxygen uptake? | [
"apendix",
"ovaries",
"liver",
"lungs"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_5515 | What causes a lot of geological activity on the earth? | [
"landslides",
"plate tectonics",
"natural selection",
"weather"
] | Plate tectonic processes explain why we see many types of geological activity where we do. Stresses build up in some locations. These stresses may cause folding or faulting. Earthquakes strike along all three types of plate boundaries. The most damaging earthquakes are shallow focus. People in earthquake-prone regions ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9941 | A biofilm is a colony of what that is stuck to a surface such as a rock or a host’s tissues? | [
"eukaryotes",
"insects",
"prokaryotes",
"vacuoles"
] | Many prokaryotes have an extra layer, called a capsule, outside the cell wall. The capsule protects the cell from chemicals and drying out. It also allows the cell to stick to surfaces and to other cells. Because of this, many prokaryotes can form biofilms, like the one shown in Figure below . A biofilm is a colony of ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3968 | _________ are one-celled organisms with a nucleus which cause diseases such as malaria. | [
"fungi",
"mosquitos",
"larvae",
"protozoa"
] | Protozoa are one-celled organisms with a nucleus, making them eukaryotic organisms. They cause diseases such as malaria. Malaria is a serious disease that is common in warm climates. The protozoa infect people when they are bit by a mosquito. More than a million people die of malaria each year. Other protozoa cause dia... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_651 | The sun, stars, moon, planets and comets are all type of what objects? | [
"extraterrestrial",
"spacial",
"universal",
"celestrial"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_11504 | In headwater streams, what plant process is mostly attributed to algae that are growing on rocks? | [
"photosynthesis",
"mitosis",
"symbiosis",
"reproduction"
] | Abiotic features of rivers and streams vary along the length of the river or stream. Streams begin at a point of origin referred to as source water. The source water is usually cold, low in nutrients, and clear. The channel (the width of the river or stream) is narrower here than at any other place along the length of ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6310 | What kind of medical intervention seeks to eradicate diseases like polio and measles? | [
"surgical intervention",
"nutrition",
"vaccination",
"malnutrition"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_6879 | The sugar of one nucleotide binds to what group of the next nucleotide? | [
"the protein",
"the chloride",
"the alkaline",
"the phosphate"
] | The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate group of the next nucleotide. Alternating sugars and phosphate groups form the backbone of a nucleotide chain, as shown in Figure below . The bases, which are bound to the sugars, protrude from the backbone of the chain. In DNA, pairs of bases-one from each of two nucl... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1917 | How many centimeters are in a meter? | [
"100",
"50",
"1000",
"200"
] | 500. mm is equivalent to 0.5 m. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6263 | Because all animals require an external source of what, they are called heterotrophic? | [
"energy",
"water",
"fuel",
"food"
] | 27.1 | Features of the Animal Kingdom By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List the features that distinguish the kingdom Animalia from other kingdoms • Explain the processes of animal reproduction and embryonic development • Describe the roles that Hox genes play in development Even though members of the... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2978 | Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of what? | [
"solute",
"sodium",
"Water",
"vapor"
] | Often, a worker will need to change the concentration of a solution by changing the amount of solvent. Dilution is the addition of solvent, which decreases the concentration of the solute in the solution. Concentration is the removal of solvent, which increases the concentration of the solute in the solution. (Do not c... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_6058 | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through what? | [
"plasma",
"filtering",
"osmosis",
"matter"
] | Electromagnetic waves transfer energy across space as well as through matter. They vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, shown in the Figure below , is called the electromagnetic spectrum. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_340 | What is the color of the powder of a mineral? | [
"gray",
"blue",
"streak",
"organic"
] | Streak is the color of the powder of a mineral. To do a streak test, you scrape the mineral across an unglazed porcelain plate. The plate is harder than many minerals, causing the minerals to leave a streak of powder on the plate. The color of the streak often differs from the color of the larger mineral sample, as Fig... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6004 | Referring to low what, hypovolemia may be caused by bleeding, dehydration, vomiting, severe burns, or some medications used to treat hypertension? | [
"brain volume",
"heart volume",
"blood volume",
"Secretion Volume"
] | Blood Volume The relationship between blood volume, blood pressure, and blood flow is intuitively obvious. Water may merely trickle along a creek bed in a dry season, but rush quickly and under great pressure after a heavy rain. Similarly, as blood volume decreases, pressure and flow decrease. As blood volume increases... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9033 | What type of doctor specializes in the laboratory detection of disease? | [
"internist",
"infectious disease physician",
"diagnostician",
"pathologist"
] | Pathologist A pathologist is a medical doctor or veterinarian who has specialized in the laboratory detection of disease in animals, including humans. These professionals complete medical school education and follow it with an extensive post-graduate residency at a medical center. A pathologist may oversee clinical lab... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11666 | What amazing machines smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on? | [
"particle accelerators",
"observant accelerators",
"nitrogen accelerators",
"absorption accelerators"
] | Scientists have built machines called particle accelerators. These amazing tools smash particles that are smaller than atoms into each other head-on. This creates new particles. Scientists use particle accelerators to learn about nuclear fusion in stars. They can also learn about how atoms came together in the early un... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9458 | Population size influences the chances of a species surviving, with very small populations generally at greatest risk of what fate? | [
"adaptation",
"mutation",
"accumulation",
"extinction"
] | Population size is the number of individuals in a population. For example, a population of insects might consist of 100 individual insects, or many more. Population size influences the chances of a species surviving or going extinct. Generally, very small populations are at greatest risk of extinction. However, the siz... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9242 | In drosophila, gradients of morphogens encoded by maternal effect genes determine what? | [
"cells axes",
"body axes",
"body mass",
"cell mass"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8650 | What sac, which was sitting on top of the flat embryo, envelops the embryo as it folds? | [
"epithelial sac",
"amniotic sac",
"umbilical sac",
"uterus"
] | The embryo, which begins as a flat sheet of cells, begins to acquire a cylindrical shape through the process of embryonic folding (Figure 28.14). The embryo folds laterally and again at either end, forming a C-shape with distinct head and tail ends. The embryo envelops a portion of the yolk sac, which protrudes with th... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5663 | What kind of fibers are used to transport telephone and television signals? | [
"process fibers",
"touch fibers",
"hair fibers",
"optical fibers"
] | Total internal reflection allows the light to travel down the optical fiber and not pass through the sides of the tube. The light continuously reflects from the inside of the tube and eventually comes out the end. Optical fibers make interesting lamps but they are also used to transport telephone and television signals... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8678 | What is the organ in which gas exchanges take place between blood and air? | [
"skin",
"lungs",
"heart",
"kidney"
] | Respiration begins with ventilation. This is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs. The lungs are the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4450 | When you are walking on a sidewalk, what occurs between your shoes and the concrete each time you put down your foot? | [
"movement",
"progress",
"grip",
"static friction"
] | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on a surface. For example, if you are walking on a sidewalk, there is static friction between your shoes and the concrete each time you put down your foot (see Figure below ). Without this static friction, your feet would slip out from under you, making it difficult... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11428 | What is the small, dense region at the center of the atom that consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons? | [
"proton",
"nucleus",
"electron",
"photon"
] | The nucleus is a small, dense region at the center of the atom. It consists of positive protons and neutral neutrons, so it has an overall positive charge. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_510 | Modern members of what broad animal group live in many different habitats and are found on every continent except antarctica? | [
"reptiles",
"arachnids",
"amphibians",
"parasites"
] | Modern reptiles live in many different habitats. They can be found on every continent except Antarctica. | A | null |
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