dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_3399 | What type of friction is friction that acts on objects when they are sliding over a surface? | [
"static friction",
"sliding friction",
"spreading friction",
"rolling friction"
] | Sliding friction is friction that acts on objects when they are sliding over a surface. Sliding friction is weaker than static friction. That’s why it’s easier to slide a piece of furniture over the floor after you start it moving than it is to get it moving in the first place. Sliding friction can be useful. For examp... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9552 | What is the most commonly used source of energy in the world? | [
"oil",
"electricity",
"wind",
"water"
] | Oil is a thick, dark brown or black liquid. It is found in rock layers of the Earth's crust. Oil is currently the most commonly used source of energy in the world. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_983 | What is a bread mold and research organism that also grows in the wild on burned vegetation | [
"neurospora",
"penicillin",
"nemophora",
"whey"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_9069 | What celestial object has been visited by manned spacecraft and is easily seen from earth? | [
"moon",
"Jupiter",
"venus",
"the Sun"
] | The Moon is easily seen from Earth. Early astronomers used telescopes to study and map its surface. The Moon has also seen a great number of satellites, rovers, and orbiters. After all, it is relatively easy to get spacecraft to the satellite. Also, before humans could be safely sent to the Moon, many studies and exper... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10841 | Recrystallization is a process that can remove what, which result when compounds are synthesized? | [
"substances",
"minerals",
"contaminants",
"chemicals"
] | When compounds are synthesized, they often have contaminating materials mixed in with them. The process of recrystallization can be used to remove these impurities. The crystals are dissolved in a hot solvent, forming a solution. When the solvent is cooled the compound is no longer as soluble and will precipitate out o... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1563 | Which body system controls all the others by sending electrical messages? | [
"the endocrine system",
"the nervous system",
"the localized system",
"the specialized system"
] | The nervous system sends electrical messages throughout the body and controls all other body systems. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11274 | How many chambers are in a reptiles heart? | [
"five",
"three",
"ten",
"two"
] | Reptiles are a class of ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates. They have several adaptations for living on dry land, such as tough keratin scales and efficient lungs for breathing air. They also have a three-chambered heart and relatively well-developed brain. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8562 | Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by indigestion caused by this? | [
"pasteurized products",
"raw products",
"dairy products",
"fried products"
] | Small Intestine: Lactose Intolerance Lactose intolerance is a condition characterized by indigestion caused by dairy products. It occurs when the absorptive cells of the small intestine do not produce enough lactase, the enzyme that digests the milk sugar lactose. In most mammals, lactose intolerance increases with age... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1875 | Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to which kind of energy? | [
"thermal",
"evaporation",
"erosion",
"hydro"
] | Discussion for (a) This value is the net work done on the package. The person actually does more work than this, because friction opposes the motion. Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to thermal energy. The net work equals the sum of the work done by each indi... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3215 | Plant cells divide into two equal halves during what process? | [
"prokaryotes",
"mitosis",
"death",
"cytokinesis"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_4437 | The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by what means? | [
"atmospheric",
"thermal",
"physical",
"chemical"
] | The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by physical means. We will discuss separation techniques in the following lesson. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4755 | Which two gases make up the bulk of earth's atmosphere? | [
"nitrogen and argon",
"carbon and oxygen",
"phosphorus and oxygen",
"nitrogen and oxygen"
] | A: Air in the atmosphere is a gaseous solution. It is a mixture that contains mainly nitrogen and oxygen gases, with very small amounts of several other gases. The circle graph in the Figure below shows the composition of air. Because air is a solution, it is homogeneous. In other words, no matter where you go, the air... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10431 | What is another name for molecular compounds? | [
"phenotype compounds",
"oxidized compounds",
"covalent compounds",
"synthetic compounds"
] | The physical state and properties of a particular compound depend in large part on the type of chemical bonding it displays. Molecular compounds , sometimes called covalent compounds, display a wide range of physical properties due to the different types of intermolecular attractions such as different kinds of polar in... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3905 | Kidney stones are considered a disease that affects which system? | [
"reproductive system",
"digestive system",
"muscular system",
"urinary system"
] | Diseases of the urinary system include kidney stones and urinary tract infections. Untreated diabetes may cause kidney failure and the need for hemodialysis or a kidney transplant. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9369 | Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to what? | [
"shore",
"the deep",
"center-point",
"ocean base"
] | Seawalls and breakwaters are built parallel to the shore. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5278 | What is part of a cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time called? | [
"a ditch",
"homeostasis",
"a holding tank",
"a reservoir"
] | Part of a cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time is called a reservoir . The ocean is a reservoir for water. The deep ocean may hold water for thousands of years. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3974 | The rocks that are taken from a mine are full of valuable minerals plus rock that isn't valuable. what is this rock called? | [
"compost rock",
"empty rock",
"waste rock",
"garbage rock"
] | Most minerals are a combination of metal and other elements. The rocks that are taken from a mine are full of valuable minerals plus rock that isn't valuable. This is called waste rock. The valuable minerals must be separated from the waste rock. One way to do this is with a chemical reaction. Chemicals are added to th... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3827 | What is produced when a base is dissolved in water? | [
"ingredient ions",
"synthesis ions",
"alkaline ions",
"hydroxide ions"
] | Acids are ionic compounds that produce positively charged hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and react with metals. Bases are ionic compounds that produce negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH - ) when dissolved in water. Bases taste bitter and do not react with metals. Examples of acids are... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2868 | The bottom of the ocean is called what? | [
"Intertidal zone",
"the benthic zone",
"Final zone",
"Demersal zone"
] | The bottom of the ocean is called the benthic zone. It includes the sediments on the bottom of the ocean and the water just above it. Organisms living in this zone include clams and crabs. They may be few in number due to relatively scarce nutrients in this zone. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1784 | What have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge? | [
"reactions",
"electrons",
"neutrons",
"atoms"
] | Neutrons have approximately the same mass as protons but no charge. They are electrically neutral. The mass of a proton or a neutron is about 1836 times greater than the mass of an electron. Protons and neutrons constitute by far the bulk of the mass of atoms. The discovery of the electron and the proton was crucial to... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_866 | What kind of chain is formed by subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate? | [
"tsunami",
"mountain",
"chain reaction",
"volcano"
] | Subduction of oceanic crust beneath a continental or oceanic plate creates a chain of volcanoes. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9165 | What is continually released during childbirth through a positive feedback mechanism and prompts uterine contractions to fetal head toward the cervix? | [
"insulin",
"hemoglobin",
"oxytocin",
"vasopressin"
] | muscle cells of the uterus become more sensitive to its effects. Oxytocin is continually released throughout childbirth through a positive feedback mechanism. As noted earlier, oxytocin prompts uterine contractions that push the fetal head toward the cervix. In response, cervical stretching stimulates additional oxytoc... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2610 | What are the ice crystals that form on the ground called? | [
"frost",
"granules",
"sleet",
"snow"
] | Deposition as a change of state often occurs in nature. For example, when warm moist air comes into contact with very cold surfaces—such as the ground or objects on the ground—ice crystals are deposited on them. These ice crystals are commonly called frost. Look at the dead leaf and blades of grass in the Figure below ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2240 | What are ocean waves mainly caused by? | [
"gravity",
"humidity",
"tides",
"wind"
] | Ocean waves are energy traveling through water. They are caused mainly by wind blowing over the water. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10156 | What type of reaction is a transfer of a proton from one molecule or ion to another? | [
"ionization",
"thermal reaction",
"ionic bonding",
"acid-base"
] | An acid-base reaction according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition is a transfer of a proton from one molecule or ion to another. When ammonia is dissolved in water, it undergoes the following reversible reaction. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8042 | How many amino acids are arranged like "beads on a string" to form proteins? | [
"15",
"35",
"20",
"25"
] | Proteins are nutrients made up of smaller molecules called amino acids . Recall that there are 20 different amino acids arranged like "beads on a string" to form proteins. These amino acid chains then fold up into a three-dimensional molecule, giving the protein a specific function. Proteins have several important role... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6509 | How are valuable metabolites recovered? | [
"reabsorption",
"metabolism",
"osmosis",
"replication reaction"
] | Flame Cells of Planaria and Nephridia of Worms As multi-cellular systems evolved to have organ systems that divided the metabolic needs of the body, individual organs evolved to perform the excretory function. Planaria are flatworms that live in fresh water. Their excretory system consists of two tubules connected to a... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2703 | Some women experience cramping and pain before and during what monthly cycle? | [
"reproduction",
"menstruation",
"deformation",
"inflammation"
] | Some women experience cramping and pain before and during menstruation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2821 | In many polychaetes, the parapodia are richly supplied with blood vessels and also function as what? | [
"tails",
"gills",
"scales",
"pores"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8557 | What kind of waves consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields? | [
"hydraulic waves",
"electromagnetic waves",
"sound waves",
"gaseous waves"
] | Electromagnetic waves consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. They transfer energy across space as well as through matter. Electromagnetic waves vary in their wavelengths and frequencies, and higher-frequency waves have more energy. The full range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves is called the electro... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1755 | What do structures of the human eye collect and focus? | [
"air",
"light",
"electricity",
"sugars"
] | The structures of the human eye collect and focus light. They form a reduced, upside-down image on the retina at the back of the eye. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4032 | Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the what? | [
"respiratory system",
"kidneys",
"pulmonary circuit",
"bronchial circulation"
] | Figure 19.4 Dual System of the Human Blood Circulation Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped into the pulmonary circuit. The blood in the pulmonary artery branches is low in oxygen but relatively high in carbon dioxide. Gas exchange occurs in the pulmonary capillaries (oxygen into... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2259 | What is the region in the center back of the eye that is responsible for acute vision? | [
"fovea",
"lens",
"cornea",
"pupil"
] | The fovea is the region in the center back of the eye that is responsible for acute vision. The fovea has a high density of cones. When you bring your gaze to an object to examine it intently in bright light, the eyes orient so that the object’s image falls on the fovea. However, when looking at a star in the night sky... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8905 | A rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier is known as? | [
"a cirque",
"a cavern",
"a crater",
"a crest"
] | A cirque is a rounded hollow carved in the side of a mountain by a glacier. The highest cliff of a cirque is called the headwall. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_9534 | The single circular dna chromosome of bacteria is not enclosed in what, but instead occupies a specific location called the nucleoid within the cell? | [
"atom",
"molecules",
"protons",
"nucleus"
] | Binary Fission Due to the relative simplicity of the prokaryotes, the cell division process, called binary fission, is a less complicated and much more rapid process than cell division in eukaryotes. The single, circular DNA chromosome of bacteria is not enclosed in a nucleus, but instead occupies a specific location, ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7228 | What is the lowest level of organism that can perform all activities required for life? | [
"nucleus",
"system",
"cell",
"atom"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5807 | What major pigment in the photosynthetic system is based on a complex molecule and gives plants their green color? | [
"chloroplasm",
"cadmium",
"chlorophyll",
"melanin"
] | membrane gradients was known, Mitchell proposed that energy captured through the absorption of light (by phototrophs) or the breakdown of molecules into more stable molecules (by various types of chemotrophs) relied on the same basic (homologous) mechanism, namely the generation of H+ gradients across membranes (the pl... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1808 | What element has the atomic number 16? | [
"neon",
"sulfur",
"oxygen",
"helium"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_4521 | The complete combustion of alkanes to carbon dioxide is an extremely __________ reaction. | [
"reactive",
"hydrolic",
"geothermal",
"exothermic"
] | Each step in the process is either a gain of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen. Each step also releases energy, which explains why the complete combustion of alkanes to carbon dioxide is an extremely exothermic reaction. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5594 | What is produced during the light reactions in photosynthesis? | [
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"carbon",
"waste"
] | Photosynthesis begins with the light reactions. It is during these reactions that the energy from sunlight is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. The energy is then temporarily transferred to two molecules, ATP and NADPH, which are used in the second stage of photosynthesi... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_248 | Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel and are thought to be very similar to what part of the earth? | [
"shelf",
"mantel",
"core",
"crust"
] | Scientists study meteorites to learn about Earth’s interior. Meteorites formed in the early solar system. These objects represent early solar system materials. Some meteorites are made of iron and nickel. They are thought to be very similar to Earth's core ( Figure below ). An iron meteorite is the closest thing to a s... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10044 | Scientists goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to what? | [
"oil",
"gasoline",
"electricity",
"wind"
] | Scientists are searching for ways to create controlled nuclear fusion reactions on Earth. Their goal is develop nuclear fusion power plants, where the energy from fusion of hydrogen nuclei can be converted to electricity. How this might work is shown in Figure below . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1351 | When thinking of the rate at which two gases mix, it is inverse proportional to the density of what? | [
"gas",
"matter",
"the container",
"dioxide"
] | The rate at which two gases mix. Inversely proportional to the density of the gas. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5528 | What effect does tamiflu have on viruses and cells? | [
"reprograms viruses",
"inhibits spread of virus",
"destroys all viruses",
"enhances cells"
] | an enzyme (viral neuraminidase) that allows new virions to leave their infected cells. Thus, Tamiflu inhibits the spread of virus from infected to uninfected cells. Other antiviral drugs, such as Ribavirin, have been used to treat a variety of viral infections, although its mechanism of action against certain viruses r... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6707 | What type of radioactive decay is generally only dangerous when emitted inside the body? | [
"alpha decay",
"ionic decay",
"nucleus decay",
"variant decay"
] | All types of radioactive decay pose risks to living things, but alpha decay is the least dangerous. That’s because alpha particles are relatively heavy, so they can travel only a few centimeters through the air. They also are not very penetrating. For example, they can’t pass through a sheet of paper or thin layer of c... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3239 | What do you call different organs working together? | [
"organ systems",
"maturation systems",
"cellular system",
"endocrine system"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_4608 | The punnett square shows the possible what, and their most likely ratios? | [
"receptors",
"genotypes",
"chromosomes",
"phenotypes"
] | If the parents had four offspring, their most likely genotypes would be one BB, two Bb, and one bb. But the genotype ratios of their actual offspring may differ. That's because which gametes happen to unite is a matter of chance, like a coin toss. The Punnett square just shows the possible genotypes and their most like... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5372 | What do we call coiled structures made of dna and proteins? | [
"Organisms",
"Molecules",
"nodes",
"chromosomes"
] | Chromosomes are coiled structures made of DNA and proteins. They form after DNA replicates and are the form in which the genetic material goes through cell division. Chromosomes contain genes, which code for proteins. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3143 | What is an object that orbits a larger object called? | [
"meteorite",
"comet",
"satellite",
"asteroid"
] | One of the first uses of rockets in space was to launch satellites. A satellite is an object that orbits a larger object. An orbit is a circular or elliptical path around an object. Natural objects in orbit are called natural satellites. The Moon is a natural satellite. Human-made objects in orbit are called artificial... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10932 | Archaeans help break down sewage in waste treatment plants, so they fulfill what important role? | [
"pollenation",
"producers",
"consumers",
"decomposer"
] | Like bacteria, archaeans are important decomposers. For example, archaeans help break down sewage in waste treatment plants. As decomposers, they help recycle carbon and nitrogen. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8473 | What is the name of pluto's moon? | [
"Phobos",
"charon",
"Titania",
"Europa"
] | Pluto and its moon, Charon, are actually two objects. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4421 | At high pressures, how are the molecules of a gas crowded? | [
"further apart",
"closer together",
"small together",
"few together"
] | Particles of a hypothetical ideal gas have no significant volume and do not attract or repel each other. In general, real gases approximate this behavior at relatively low pressures and high temperatures. However, at high pressures, the molecules of a gas are crowded closer together, and the amount of empty space betwe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9161 | Metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species often occurs in surface-coating colonies. what are these colonies called? | [
"plankton",
"eukaryotes",
"lichens",
"biofilms"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_8400 | Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are considered what kind of nutrients? | [
"macronutrients",
"micronutrients",
"major nutrients",
"minor nutrients"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_1466 | What occurs where the water motion slows? | [
"vapor",
"deposition",
"erosion",
"diffusion"
] | Longshore drift continually moves sand along the shore. Deposition occurs where the water motion slows. The smallest particles, such as silt and clay, are deposited away from shore. This is where the water is calmer. Larger particles are deposited onshore. This is where waves and other motions are strongest. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3627 | What type of matter transmits light without scattering it? | [
"transparent",
"reflective",
"opaque",
"smooth"
] | Transparent matter is matter that transmits light without scattering it. Examples of transparent matter include air, pure water, and clear glass. You can see clearly through transparent objects, such as the top panes of the window below , because just about all of the light that strikes them passes through to the other... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_133 | By allowing blood levels of a hormone to be regulated within a narrow range, feedback loops contribute to maintaining what state? | [
"hibernation",
"hypothesis",
"consciousness",
"homeostasis"
] | Role of Feedback Loops The contribution of feedback loops to homeostasis will only be briefly reviewed here. Positive feedback loops are characterized by the release of additional hormone in response to an original hormone release. The release of oxytocin during childbirth is a positive feedback loop. The initial relea... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9455 | The appendicular skeleton includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the what? | [
"compressed skeleton",
"axial skeleton",
"literal skeleton",
"dynamic skeleton"
] | The Appendicular Skeleton The appendicular skeleton includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton. There are 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton of an adult. The bones of the appendicular skeleton are covered in a separate chapter. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9631 | What is the strength of an earthquake called? | [
"magnitude",
"waves",
"power",
"force"
] | Earthquake: What Does Magnitude Mean? at http://www. livescience. com/20538-earthquake-magnitude-video. html (2:00). | A | null |
sciq | sciq_427 | Felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic are types of composition of what rock group? | [
"igneous",
"Sedimentary",
"metamorphic",
"asteroids"
] | Igneous rocks are classified by composition and texture. The composition can be felsic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic. The composition depends on the minerals the rock includes. A felsic rock will contain felsic minerals. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8694 | What areas of the planet are most birds native to? | [
"tropical",
"desert",
"tundra",
"mountainous"
] | Birds live and breed in most terrestrial habitats on Earth. They can be found on all seven continents, from the Arctic to Antarctica. However, the majority of bird species are native to tropical areas of the planet. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11060 | What type of solvents is glucose insoluble in? | [
"acidic",
"nonpolar",
"polar",
"alkaline"
] | The same principles govern the solubilities of molecular solids in liquids. For example, elemental sulfur is a solid consisting of cyclic S8 molecules that have no dipole moment. Because the S8 rings in solid sulfur are held to other rings by London dispersion forces, elemental sulfur is insoluble in water. It is, howe... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6258 | What oily substance prevents the hair and skin of living things from drying out? | [
"sebum",
"pus",
"progesterone",
"pancreatic enzymes"
] | Sebaceous glands are commonly called oil glands. They produce an oily substance called sebum. Sebum is secreted into hair follicles. Then it makes its way along the hair shaft to the surface of the skin. Sebum waterproofs the hair and skin and helps prevent them from drying out. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3222 | What is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide and differentiate? | [
"meristem",
"cambium",
"ganglion",
"epidermis"
] | Most plants continue to grow as long as they live. They grow through a combination of cell growth and cell division (mitosis). The key to plant growth is meristem, a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells that can continue to divide and differentiate. Meristem allows plant stems and roots to grow lon... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3379 | What is given off from plants and taken in by animals? | [
"oxygen",
"nitrogen",
"sulfur",
"methane"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8503 | What do you call catalysts that are found inside of living things? | [
"fibres",
"hormones",
"proteins",
"enzymes"
] | Chemical reactions constantly occur inside living things, and many of them require catalysts to occur quickly enough to support life. Catalysts in living things are called enzymes. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1245 | Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward what? | [
"the north pole",
"trees",
"sunlight",
"the south pole"
] | Plant Responses to Gravity Whether or not they germinate in the light or in total darkness, shoots usually sprout up from the ground, and roots grow downward into the ground. A plant laid on its side in the dark will send shoots upward when given enough time. Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1612 | What units are typically used to measure heats of reaction? | [
"kilobytes",
"kilojoules",
"degrees Celsius",
"volts"
] | Heats of reaction are typically measured in kilojoules. It is important to include the physical states of the reactants and products in a thermochemical equation as the value of the depends on those states. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6444 | What do offsprings obtain from their parents in what is called, inheritance? | [
"variations",
"characteristics",
"attributes",
"mutations"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_10240 | What is the energy of motion called? | [
"harmonic energy",
"kinetic energy",
"stasis",
"inertia"
] | According to the kinetic theory, particles of matter are in constant motion. The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6888 | Some isotopes are stable indefinitely, while others are radioactive and do what through a characteristic form of emission? | [
"bond",
"replicate",
"expand",
"decay"
] | Whether or not a given isotope is radioactive is a characteristic of that particular isotope. Some isotopes are stable indefinitely, while others are radioactive and decay through a characteristic form of emission. As time passes, less and less of the radioactive isotope will be present, and the level of radioactivity ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_11321 | Via what process do substance move from one cell to another? | [
"plasmodesmata",
"downregulation",
"reverse transferase",
"autolysis"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_8528 | What basic structure holds plants upright, bears leaves and other structures, and transports fluids between roots and leaves? | [
"branches",
"stem",
"flowers",
"leaves"
] | Stems hold plants upright, bear leaves and other structures, and transport fluids between roots and leaves. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6627 | What class of animals includes the subgroups rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates? | [
"reptiles",
"amphibians",
"mammals",
"insects"
] | Subgroups of the mammals include rodents, carnivores, insectivores, bats, and primates. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6364 | What substance comes toward earth's crust through mantle plumes? | [
"rocks",
"water",
"gas",
"magma"
] | Some volcanoes form over active hot spots . Scientists count about 50 hot spots on the Earth. Hot spots may be in the middle of a tectonic plate. Hot spots lie directly above a column of hot rock called a mantle plume . Mantle plumes continuously bring magma up from the mantle towards the crust ( Figure below ). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6965 | What term is used to describe anything that takes up space and has mass? | [
"weight",
"size",
"opacity",
"matter"
] | If you look at your hand, what do you see? Of course, you see skin, which consists of cells. But what are skin cells made of? Like all living cells, they are made of matter. In fact, all things are made of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter, in turn, is made up of chemical substances. I... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5715 | What tool is useful for studying the ocean floor because the environment is remote and underwater? | [
"microscope",
"sonar",
"telescope",
"scale"
] | Studying the ocean floor is difficult because the environment is so hostile. The seafloor can be studied indirectly with tools such as sonar. It can be studied directly using special vehicles. Some vehicles carry scientists and their devices to the ocean floor. Other vehicles are operated remotely. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9032 | When performing anaerobic exercise, your muscles work against what? | [
"inertia",
"momentum",
"gravity",
"resistance"
] | Anaerobic exercises involve the muscles working against resistance. In this case the resistance is the weight of a barbell. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7839 | What has high surface tension because of extensive hydrogen bonding? | [
"water",
"air",
"gases",
"hydrocarbons"
] | Water has high surface tension because of extensive hydrogen bonding. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11673 | What is the major intracellular cation? | [
"magnesium",
"potassium",
"glucose",
"sodium"
] | Potassium Potassium is the major intracellular cation. It helps establish the resting membrane potential in neurons and muscle fibers after membrane depolarization and action potentials. In contrast to sodium, potassium has very little effect on osmotic. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_91 | All alkanes are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and have similar bonds, structures, and formulas; noncyclic alkanes all have a formula of cnh2n+2. the number of carbon atoms present in an alkane has what? | [
"such limit",
"crippling limit",
"done limit",
"no limit"
] | All alkanes are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and have similar bonds, structures, and formulas; noncyclic alkanes all have a formula of CnH2n+2. The number of carbon atoms present in an alkane has no limit. Greater numbers of atoms in the molecules will lead to stronger intermolecular attractions (dispersion f... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9899 | What is the attraction of a particular atom for the electrons of a covalent bond called? | [
"electromagnetism",
"electronegativity",
"ionization",
"conductivity"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_8855 | What is the process by which almost all plants make food? | [
"digestion",
"reactions",
"photosynthesis",
"melting"
] | Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. Only about 1 percent of the estimated 300,000 species of plants have lost the ability to photosynthesize. These other species are consumers, many of them predators. How do plants prey on other organisms? The Venus fly trap in Figure below shows one way this occurs. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1656 | What do you call chemical reactions that take place inside living things? | [
"biochemical reactions",
"autonomous reactions",
"physical reactions",
"contaminated reactions"
] | Chemical reactions that take place inside living things are called biochemical reactions . Living things depend on biochemical reactions for more than just energy. Every function and structure of a living organism depends on thousands of biochemical reactions taking place in each cell. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4063 | What are the tiny packets of energy the sun gives off called? | [
"electrons",
"ions",
"neutrons",
"photons"
] | The Sun gives off energy in tiny packets called photons . Photons travel in waves. Figure below models a wave of light. Notice the wavelength in the figure. Waves with shorter wavelengths have more energy. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10126 | This bodily defense function attacks pathogens and includes inflammatory response and phagocytosis? | [
"first line of defense",
"third line of defense",
"second line of defense",
"vomitting"
] | The second line of defense attacks pathogens that manage to enter the body. It includes the inflammatory response and phagocytosis by nonspecific leukocytes. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4059 | What is emitted by atoms that have been excited by thermal excitation, electron collision, or collisions with photons of exactly the right frequency? | [
"electricity",
"light",
"gravity",
"radioactivity"
] | Light is emitted by atoms that have been excited by thermal excitation, electron collision, or collisions with photons of exactly the right frequency. Light is emitted by an incandescent source at many different wavelengths and in all directions. Light produced by an atomic gas consists of only a few different waveleng... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10500 | The diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born is called? | [
"immature diagnosis",
"prenatal diagnosis",
"specialized diagnosis",
"specific diaganosis"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_2362 | What do scientists attach to aquatic animals to collect information? | [
"satellite tags",
"ultraviolet tags",
"fluorescent tags",
"radio tags"
] | Beginning in 2000, scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stanford University, and the University of California, Santa Cruz combined to form TOPP. As part of TOPP, researchers attach satellite tags to elephant seals, white sharks, giant leatherback turtles, bluefin tuna, swordfish, and oth... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_11275 | What is the opening in the front of the eye called? | [
"iris",
"cornea",
"pupil",
"lens"
] | The pupil is an opening in the front of the eye. It looks black because it doesn’t reflect any light. All the light passes through it instead. The pupil controls the amount of light that enters the eye. It automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6761 | Overharvesting is a serious threat particularly to which species? | [
"terrestrial species",
"aerial species",
"aquatic species",
"amphibious species"
] | Overharvesting Overharvesting is a serious threat to many species, but particularly to aquatic species. There are many examples of regulated fisheries (including hunting of marine mammals and harvesting of crustaceans and other species) monitored by fisheries. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10074 | How does the bacteria look when seen with the naked eye? | [
"dry smear",
"slimy smear",
"slippery smear",
"oily smear"
] | With the naked eye, bacteria just look like a slimy smear on a petri dish. How can we study them in more detail? The invention of the microscope has allowed us to see bacteria, cells, and other things too small to be seen with the naked eye. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8862 | What do we call the force of attraction or repulsion between electrically charged particles? | [
"chemical force",
"mechanical force",
"electromagnetic force",
"gravitational pull"
] | Electromagnetic force is a force of attraction or repulsion between all electrically charged particles. This force is transferred between charged particles of matter by fundamental force-carrying particles called photons. Because of electromagnetic force, particles with opposite charges attract each other and particles... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11077 | Meters, such as those in analog fuel gauges on a car, are a common application of magnetic torque on a current-carrying what? | [
"dial",
"loop",
"circuit",
"arc"
] | Meters, such as those in analog fuel gauges on a car, are another common application of magnetic torque on a current-carrying loop. Figure 22.37 shows that a meter is very similar in construction to a motor. The meter in the figure has its magnets shaped to limit the effect of θ by making B perpendicular to the loop ov... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9141 | Pressure and ________ are directly proportional at a constant volume? | [
"heating",
"speed",
"precipitation",
"temperature"
] | Pressure and temperature are directly proportional at a constant volume. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3462 | What is the term for how the air feels at its temperature and humidity | [
"atmospheric humidity",
"initial humidity",
"climate sensory index",
"relative humidity"
] | Relative humidity is how the air feels at its temperature and humidity. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_6 | What kind of a reaction occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen? | [
"Fluid Reaction",
"invention reaction",
"combustion reaction",
"nitrogen reaction"
] | A combustion reaction occurs when a substance reacts quickly with oxygen (O 2 ). For example, in the Figure below , charcoal is combining with oxygen. Combustion is commonly called burning, and the substance that burns is usually referred to as fuel. The products of a complete combustion reaction include carbon dioxide... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_659 | Motor vehicles account for almost half of the consumption of what? | [
"electricity",
"hydrocarbon",
"fossil fuel",
"greenhouse gases"
] | Motor vehicles account for almost half of fossil fuel use. Most vehicles run on gasoline, which comes from petroleum. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6470 | Because conifers carry both male and female sporophylls on the same mature sporophyte, they are considered what type of plant? | [
"monoecious",
"bioecious",
"siliceous",
"dioecious"
] | Life Cycle of a Conifer Pine trees are conifers (cone bearing) and carry both male and female sporophylls on the same mature sporophyte. Therefore, they are monoecious plants. Like all gymnosperms, pines are heterosporous and generate two different types of spores: male microspores and female megaspores. In the male co... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2935 | What property of certain states of matter can be given in units of millimeters of mercury? | [
"gravity",
"solvency",
"velocity",
"pressure"
] | Pressure is given in units of millimeters of mercury. We can either convert this to atmospheres or use the value of the ideal gas constant that includes the mmHg unit. We will take the second option. Substituting into the ideal gas law,. | D | null |
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