dataset string | id string | question string | choices list | rationale string | answer string | subject string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq | sciq_5121 | Antibiotics can cure most infections that are caused by what? | [
"bacteria",
"bile",
"bacterium",
"algae"
] | Health care has been improving over the most recent centuries. Vaccines were developed that could prevent many diseases ( Figure below ). Antibiotics were discovered that could cure most infections caused by bacteria. Together, these two advances saved countless lives. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4706 | What is typical weather for chicago in winter? | [
"cold & snow",
"dry and windy",
"rain and wind",
"ice and humidity"
] | Cold and snow are typical for Chicago in the winter. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3104 | The action of sunlight on the skin triggers the body to produce what vitamin? | [
"tissue d",
"vitamin d",
"metabolic d",
"Vitamin A"
] | Milk and other dairy foods are not the only sources of calcium. This important nutrient is also found in green leafy vegetables, broccoli, and intact salmon and canned sardines with their soft bones. Nuts, beans, seeds, and shellfish provide calcium in smaller quantities. Except for fatty fish like salmon and tuna, or ... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3501 | A solute generally does what to the freezing point of a solvent? | [
"regulates it",
"lowers it",
"raises it",
"increases it"
] | A solute generally lowers the freezing point of a solvent, which is called freezing point depression. For example, spreading salt on an icy road melts the ice. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9256 | Gymnosperms and angiosperms are types of _________ seed plants. | [
"heritage",
"extinct",
"genetic",
"modern"
] | Modern seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7455 | Which artery enters the cranium through the carotid canal in the temporal bone? | [
"atrial artery",
"internal carotid artery",
"venal artery",
"external carotid"
] | The internal carotid artery enters the cranium through the carotid canal in the temporal bone. A second set of vessels that supply the CNS are the vertebral arteries, which are protected as they pass through the neck region by the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral arteries enter the cranium t... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6700 | What are the two types of vascular plants? | [
"seedless and seed",
"ants and seed",
"dahlias and seed",
"Water and spore"
] | Vascular plants are further divided into seedless and seed plants. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4529 | What occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments, or pieces, and each fragment develops into a new organism? | [
"absorption",
"fragmentation",
"erosion",
"sollution"
] | Fragmentation occurs when a parent organism breaks into fragments, or pieces, and each fragment develops into a new organism. Starfish, like the one in Figure below , reproduce this way. A new starfish can develop from a single ray, or arm. Starfish, however, are also capable of sexual reproduction. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8601 | What is the name of the project concerning genetics that is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years? | [
"blue beam project",
"human organism project",
"human genome project",
"manhattan project"
] | Beginning with Mendel's pea plants, genetics has become one of the most important fields of biology. Genetics discusses genetics, from Mendel's pea plants to current ethical issues associated with this field. The completion of The Human Genome Project is one of the landmark scientific events of the last 50 years. Human... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_219 | What is formed when an oxygen atom picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from a solution? | [
"ammonia",
"liquid",
"water",
"turpentine"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_2386 | What is the type of plant that has a single cotelydon in the seedling? | [
"monocot",
"moss",
"dicot",
"conifer"
] | Monocots Plants in the monocot group are primarily identified as such by the presence of a single cotyledon in the seedling. Other anatomical features shared by monocots include veins that run parallel to the length of the leaves, and flower parts that are arranged in a three- or six-fold symmetry. True woody tissue is... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8344 | What term is defined as the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them. | [
"morphology",
"thermodynamics",
"echolocation",
"night vision"
] | Whales and bats have the trait of echolocation. This is the ability to locate objects in the dark by bouncing sound waves off them. The most recent common ancestor of whales and bats did not have this trait. Apply lesson concepts to explain how the trait evolved in whales and bats. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3168 | In human females, the mammary glands are associated with, but not part of, what organ system that is used to create new humans? | [
"reproductive",
"digestive",
"immune",
"endocrine"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_3672 | What creates wet and dry zones at different latitudes? | [
"jet stream",
"trade winds",
"global air currents",
"horse latitudes"
] | Temperature falls from the equator to the poles. Global air currents create wet and dry zones at different latitudes. They also create global winds. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_7561 | Where do most red algae species live? | [
"seas",
"oceans",
"rivers",
"lakes"
] | Red algae are a very large group of protists making up about 5,000–6,000 species. They are mostly multicellular and live in the ocean. Many red algae are seaweeds and help create coral reefs. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11495 | Coxal glands collect liquid waste from what? | [
"plasma",
"lungs",
"blood",
"heart"
] | Some arthropods have special excretory structures. They are called coxal glands and Malpighian tubules . Coxal glands collect and concentrate liquid waste from blood. They excrete the waste from the body through a pore. Malphigian tubules carry waste from the digestive tract to the anus. The waste is excreted through t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3903 | A goiter is a visible indication of deficiency of what? | [
"water",
"chlorine",
"iodine",
"arsenic"
] | Endocrine System: Iodine Deficiency, Hypothyroidism, and Hyperthyroidism As discussed above, dietary iodine is required for the synthesis of T3 and T4. But for much of the world’s population, foods do not provide adequate levels of this mineral, because the amount varies according to the level in the soil in which the ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9490 | The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling, while the process of a solid becoming a gas is called what? | [
"vaporization",
"sublimation",
"Boiling",
"Melting"
] | Temperature does not change during a phase change. The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called boiling; the process of a solid becoming a gas is called sublimation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7491 | The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into what? | [
"petals",
"fiddleheads",
"volatiles",
"nanotubes"
] | The first leaves of most ferns appear curled up into fiddleheads. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_6952 | Liquids that mix with each other in all proportions are said to be miscible, maning they have infinite mutual what? | [
"insolubility",
"viscosity",
"solubility",
"salinity"
] | Solutions of Liquids in Liquids We know that some liquids mix with each other in all proportions; in other words, they have infinite mutual solubility and are said to be miscible. Ethanol, sulfuric acid, and ethylene glycol (popular for use as antifreeze, pictured in Figure 11.14) are examples of liquids that are compl... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_11485 | Nonflowering vascular plants have three basic types of leaves: microphylls, fronds, and what other type? | [
"tubes",
"stems",
"needles",
"molds"
] | Leaves may vary in size, shape, and their arrangement on stems. Nonflowering vascular plants have three basic types of leaves: microphylls (“tiny leaves”), fronds, and needles. Figure below describes each type. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6765 | What do extensive properties depend on the amount of? | [
"experimental controls",
"sample temperature",
"independent variables",
"matter in a sample"
] | Normally, electric charge is transferred when electrons leave the outer orbits of the atoms of one body (leaving it positively charged) and move to the surface of another body (causing the new surface to gain a negative net charge). In a plasma all electrons are stripped from the atoms, leaving positively charged ions ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_4312 | The tails of the hale-bopp comet point away from the sun, evidence that light has what property of motion? | [
"momentum",
"inertia",
"acceleration",
"velocity"
] | Figure 29.17 The tails of the Hale-Bopp comet point away from the Sun, evidence that light has momentum. Dust emanating from the body of the comet forms this tail. Particles of dust are pushed away from the Sun by light reflecting from them. The blue ionized gas tail is also produced by photons interacting with atoms i... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_10185 | Induced mutations are caused by environmental factors. what term is used to describe a mutation that has no environmental cause? | [
"cancerous mutation",
"evident mutation",
"spontaneous mutation",
"numerous mutation"
] | Mutagenesis may occur spontaneously or be induced. A spontaneous mutation can just happen. These mutations are not caused by an environmental factor, but occur during normal cellular processes. A spontaneous mutation may be due to a mistake during DNA replication or transcription. Mutations may also occur during mitosi... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6678 | Brass and bronze are examples of what type of mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal? | [
"alloy",
"compound",
"halloid",
"metalloid"
] | An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. You are probably familiar with some alloys such as brass and bronze. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. Alloys are commonly used in manufactured items because the properties of these metal ... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5002 | What is the hollow and muscular balloon-shaped organ that collects urine? | [
"urinary bladder",
"kidney",
"urethra",
"prostate"
] | The urinary bladder is a hollow and muscular organ. It is shaped a little like a balloon. It is the organ that collects urine. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5199 | What type of climates is malaria commonly found in? | [
"tropic and arctic",
"arid and arctic",
"tropical and subtropical",
"tropical and permafrost"
] | Malaria is common in tropical and subtropical climates throughout the world (see Figure below ). In fact, malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases on the planet. Malaria is also a very serious disease. It kills several million people each year, most of them children. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_226 | What is the method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards called? | [
"parallax",
"distortion",
"calibration",
"precision"
] | When using measuring devices, we often use a technique called calibration to increase the accuracy of our measurements. Calibration is a method of setting or correcting a measuring device by matching it to known measurement standards. To better understand calibration, we will look at the example of calibrating a thermo... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_6969 | What causes light to refract? | [
"blinking",
"speeding up",
"slowing down",
"bending"
] | Light slows down when it enters water from the air. This causes the wave to refract, or bend. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_4867 | The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of _________ and other lipids? | [
"phospholipids",
"liquids",
"antibodies",
"solids"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_10025 | What is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits called? | [
"symbiosis",
"competition",
"parasitic",
"morphogenesis"
] | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. For the other species, the relationship may be positive, negative, or neutral. There are three basic types of symbiosis: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8482 | What term refers to a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and is the unit of natural selection, adaptation, and microevolution? | [
"population",
"taxonomy",
"community",
"ecosystem"
] | A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area. The population is the unit of natural selection, adaptation, and microevolution. In ecology, how large a population is and how quickly it is growing are often used as measures of a species’ health. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2876 | What is the term for when the phenotype of offspring is partly determined by the phenotype of its mother, irrespective of genotype? | [
"oceanic effect",
"maternal effect",
"uterine effect",
"congenital effect"
] | Gap genes themselves are under the effect of maternal effect genes, such as bicoid and nanos. Gap genes also regulate each other to achieve their precise striped expression patterns. The maternal effect is when the phenotype of offspring is partly determined by the phenotype of its mother, irrespective of genotype. Thi... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10635 | Which model helps explain molecules with double or triple bonds? | [
"particle model",
"salinity model",
"hybridization model",
"reactivity model"
] | The hybridization model helps explain molecules with double or triple bonds. Consider the ethene molecule (C 2 H 4 ), which contains a double covalent bond between the two carbon atoms and single bonds between the carbon atoms and the hydrogen atoms. The entire molecule is planar. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3669 | Shark teeth likely evolved from the jagged scales that cover their skin, called what? | [
"placoid scales",
"heterotroph scales",
"pinworm scales",
"hook scales"
] | Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes The clade Chondrichthyes is diverse, consisting of sharks (Figure 29.11), rays, and skates, together with sawfishes and a few dozen species of fishes called chimaeras, or “ghost” sharks. ” Chondrichthyes are jawed fishes that possess paired fins and a skeleton made of cartilage. Thi... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7423 | What is occasional chest pain known as? | [
"angina pectoris",
"heart murmur",
"cardiac arrest",
"arrhythmia"
] | A | null | |
sciq | sciq_24 | Testing what usually requires making observations or performing experiments? | [
"conclusion",
"hypothesis",
"variables",
"homeostasis"
] | Usually, testing a hypothesis requires making observations or performing experiments. In this case, we will look into existing scientific literature to see if either of these hypotheses can be disproved, or if one or both can be supported by the data. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2410 | Where is food stored? | [
"The esophagus",
"The liver",
"The gall bladder",
"the stomach"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_3784 | Spindle fibers form between the centrioles during prophase i of what process? | [
"photosynthesis",
"mitosis",
"meiosis",
"hydrolysis"
] | Prophase I: Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell. Spindle fibers form between the centrioles. Here’s what’s special about meiosis : Homologous chromosomes pair up! You can see this in Figure below . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3955 | What causes genetic disorders? | [
"parasites",
"mutations",
"pollution",
"proteins"
] | Sequencing the human genome has increased our knowledge of genetic disorders. These are diseases caused by mutations. They may be caused by single gene mutations or the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly during meiosis. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_7171 | Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine what? | [
"equal lines",
"prime constants",
"equilibrium differentials",
"equilibrium constants"
] | Gibbs free energy values can be used to determine equilibrium constants. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9692 | Each proton has how many units of positive charge? | [
"two",
"three",
"one",
"zero"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_10644 | What part of the body controls the responses of hunger and satiety? | [
"heart",
"blood",
"small intestine",
"brain"
] | 34.4 Digestive System Regulation The brain and the endocrine system control digestive processes. The brain controls the responses of hunger and satiety. The endocrine system controls the release of hormones and enzymes required for digestion of food in the digestive tract. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_63 | What's the term for the gradual progression from simple plants to larger more complex ones in an area? | [
"primary succession",
"complex progression",
"primary pattern",
"pattern progression"
] | The pioneer species is soon replaced by other populations. Abiotic factors such as soil quality, water, and climate will determine the species that continue the process of succession. Mosses and grasses will be able to grow in the newly created soil. During early succession, plant species like grasses that grow and rep... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5360 | How do dogs lose body heat? | [
"eating",
"panting",
"barking",
"sweating"
] | One way mammals lose excess heat is by increasing blood flow to the skin. This warms the skin so heat can be given off to the environment. That’s why you may get flushed, or red in the face, when you exercise on a hot day. You are likely to sweat as well. Sweating also reduces body heat. Sweat wets the skin, and when i... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2227 | What layer high in the atmosphere protects living things from most of the sun’s harmful uv rays? | [
"Mesosphere",
"ozone layer",
"troposphere",
"stratosphere"
] | Earth’s atmosphere is vital to life. The atmosphere provides the oxygen and carbon dioxide living things need for photosynthesis and respiration. Living things also need the ozone layer high in the atmosphere. Upper level ozone protects them from most of the Sun’s harmful UV rays. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8457 | Which metalloids are found in the nitrogen group? | [
"sulfur and polonium",
"selenium and antimony",
"arsenic and antimony",
"polonium and antimony"
] | Group 15 is called the nitrogen group. The metalloids in this group are arsenic and antimony. Group 15 also contains two nonmetals and one metal. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9082 | Cancer involves what changes that modify cell-cycle control and alter the growth rate or progression of the cell through the cell cycle? | [
"enhancements",
"mutations",
"deletions",
"stabilization"
] | 16.7 | Cancer and Gene Regulation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe how changes to gene expression can cause cancer • Explain how changes to gene expression at different levels can disrupt the cell cycle • Discuss how understanding regulation of gene expression can lead to better drug design C... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9530 | What is the term for when clumped solids sink to the bottom of the water? | [
"Foundation",
"sediment",
"sedimentation",
"Clumping"
] | The water is moved to tanks. The clumped solids sink to the bottom of the water. This is called sedimentation . | C | null |
sciq | sciq_2537 | What type of pollution comes from sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, boats, and runoff from yards? | [
"social",
"urban",
"collective",
"municipal"
] | “Municipal” refers to the community. Households and businesses in a community can pollute the water supply. Municipal pollution comes from sewage, storm drains, septic tanks, boats, and runoff from yards. For example:. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_5239 | What are two ways cnidarians are able to reproduce? | [
"asexually and sexually",
"internally and externally",
"spawning and sexual",
"mitosis and meiosis"
] | General Cnidarian Life Cycle. Cnidarians may reproduce both asexually and sexually. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_2094 | Grasses such as wheat, rice, and corn are examples of fibrous root systems. fibrous root systems are found in monocots; tap root systems are found in these? | [
"dicots",
"gymnosperms",
"mosses",
"monocots"
] | has a single main root that grows down. A fibrous root system forms a dense network of roots that is closer to the soil surface. An example of a tap root system is a carrot. Grasses such as wheat, rice, and corn are examples of fibrous root systems. Fibrous root systems are found in monocots; tap root systems are found... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8750 | What do we call the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay? | [
"one quarter-life",
"one partial-life",
"one half-life",
"one full-life"
] | The measure of how quickly a nucleus decays is given by the half-life of the nucleus. One half-life is the amount of time it will take for half of the radioactive material to decay. | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1614 | Along with dna, what is the other main type of nucleic acid? | [
"protein",
"nucleotides",
"cytoplasm",
"rna"
] | Nucleic acids are biochemical molecules that contain oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus in addition to carbon and hydrogen. There are two main types of nucleic acids. They are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_3449 | Transport vesicles move what type of molecules from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi apparatus? | [
"hormones",
"proteins",
"lipids",
"acids"
] | Transport vesicles are part of the endomembrane system. They are able to move molecules such as proteins between locations inside the cell. For example, transport vesicles move proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4732 | What kind of a resource is soil, for human purposes? | [
"guarana resource",
"nonrenewable resource",
"emanates resource",
"renewable resource"
] | Although renewable, soil takes a very long time to form—up to hundreds of millions of years. So, for human purposes, soil is a nonrenewable resource. It is also constantly depleted of nutrients through careless use, and eroded by wind and water. For example, misuse of soil caused a huge amount of it to simply blow away... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8962 | What are metals and good electrical conductors that tend to lose their valence electrons in chemical reactions called? | [
"precious metals",
"conservants",
"stable metals",
"reductants"
] | Electronegativity Differences between Metals and Nonmetals An element’s electronegativity provides us with a single value that we can use to characterize the chemistry of an element. Elements with a high electronegativity (χ ≥ 2.2 in Figure 7.15 "Pauling Electronegativity Values of the ") have very negative affinities ... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8883 | Like a house, your body has what kind of mechanism that responds to changes in temperature? | [
"external thermostat",
"sensitive thermostat",
"mechanical thermostat",
"internal thermostat"
] | For example, your body has an internal thermostat. During a winter day, in your house a thermostat senses the temperature in a room and responds by turning on or off the heater. Your body acts in much the same way. When body temperature rises, receptors in the skin and the brain sense the temperature change. The temper... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7394 | Mineralocorticoids are hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex that affect what balance, by regulating sodium and water levels? | [
"homeostasis",
"blood pressure",
"osmotic",
"equilibrium"
] | Mineralocorticoids Mineralocorticoids are hormones synthesized by the adrenal cortex that affect osmotic balance. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium levels in the blood. Almost all of the sodium in the blood is reclaimed by the renal tubules under the influence of aldosterone. Because sodium is al... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_9920 | Met, asn, trp, and gln connect together like beads on a necklace and are an example of what type of acids? | [
"organism acids",
"amino acids",
"polymer acids",
"peptic acids"
] | Amino acids connect together like beads on a necklace. MET, ASN, TRP, and GLN refer to four different amino acids. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5720 | What is the name for spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity? | [
"elliptical clusters",
"globular clusters",
"dark matter",
"nebula"
] | Globular clusters are spherical groups of old stars held tightly together by gravity. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_5990 | What are particles that feel the strong nuclear force called? | [
"baryons",
"mesons",
"hadrons",
"bosons"
] | Hadrons and Leptons Particles can also be revealingly grouped according to what forces they feel between them. All particles (even those that are massless) are affected by gravity, since gravity affects the space and time in which particles exist. All charged particles are affected by the electromagnetic force, as are ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_8576 | What harmful substance must not be drained into s storm sewer? | [
"water runoff",
"alcohol",
"debris",
"motor oil"
] | People may dispose of harmful substances incorrectly. For example, motor oil must not be drained into a storm sewer. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_578 | Without the dominant disturbance, the fire-adapted species are usually outcompeted and biodiversity is what? | [
"increased",
"reduced",
"immaterial",
"unaffected"
] | B | null | |
sciq | sciq_779 | What are the three types of isomers? | [
"structural, Polypropylene , enatiomers",
"structural, cis-trans, Polystyrene",
"structural, cis-trans, enatiomers",
"structural , chromosome - trans , enatiomers"
] | C | null | |
sciq | sciq_5823 | What is a three dimensional snycline? | [
"a basin",
"a peak",
"a crust",
"a gorge"
] | In a syncline, rocks arch downward. A three-dimensional syncline is a basin. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_4539 | What property allows cut logs to float on water? | [
"polarity",
"precipitation",
"density",
"heat"
] | After trees are cut, logging companies often move these materials down a river to a sawmill where they can be shaped into building materials or other products. The logs float on the water because they are less dense than the water they are in. Knowledge of density is important in the characterization and separation of ... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10062 | What kind of variation does a rate measure? | [
"property to time",
"environment to time",
"value to time",
"construction to time"
] | A rate is a measure of how some property varies with time. Speed is a familiar rate that expresses the distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time. Wage is a rate that represents the amount of money earned by a person working for a given amount of time. Likewise, the rate of a chemical reaction is a measur... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8535 | E. histolytica causes what kind of dysentery? | [
"spicule",
"Spastic",
"cocklebur",
"amebic"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_5678 | The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is in the? | [
"stomach",
"large intestine",
"small intestine",
"mouth"
] | The primary site of carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine. The secretion of αamylase in the small intestine converts any remaining starch molecules, as well as the dextrins, to maltose. Maltose is then cleaved into two glucose molecules by maltase. Disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose are not digested unti... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_3119 | What causes continents to drift closer to the poles or the equator? | [
"tidal pull",
"plate movements",
"wind",
"sediment movements"
] | Plate movements cause continents to drift closer to the poles or the Equator. Ocean currents also shift when continents drift. All these changes can affect Earth’s temperature. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2027 | What are the two most common silicates? | [
"Analcime and Feldspar",
"Petalite and Quartz",
"Petalite and Analcime",
"feldspar and quartz"
] | Feldspar and quartz are the two most common silicates. In beryl, the silicate pyramids join together as rings. Biotite is mica. The silicate pyramids come together to create thin, flexible sheets. Compare the beryl and the biotite pictured below ( Figure below ). | D | null |
sciq | sciq_2158 | What is the first direct action of growth hormone? | [
"stimulation of triglyceride production",
"stimulation of triglyceride breakdown",
"stimulation of monoglyceride breakdown",
"stimulation of monoglyceride production"
] | Hormonal Regulation of Growth Hormonal regulation is required for the growth and replication of most cells in the body. Growth hormone (GH), produced by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland, accelerates the rate of protein synthesis, particularly in skeletal muscle and bones. Growth hormone has direct and indire... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_8914 | Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. this often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when they do this? | [
"increase mass",
"decrease temperature",
"increase density",
"increase temperature"
] | Conversely, very large forces are created by liquids and solids when they try to expand but are constrained from doing so—which is equivalent to compressing them to less than their normal volume. This often occurs when a contained material warms up, since most materials expand when their temperature increases. If the m... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10902 | A circuit that consists of two loops is called a what? | [
"complex circuit",
"parallel circuit",
"diverse circuit",
"unnatural circuit"
] | A circuit that consists of two loops is called a parallel circuit. If one loop of a parallel circuit is interrupted, current can still flow through the other loop. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10415 | What enables gamma rays to pass through hard matters like bones, teeth, and just about anything? | [
"their extremely high energy",
"Weight",
"Density",
"Being Heavier"
] | The extremely high energy of gamma rays allows them to penetrate just about anything. They can even pass through bones and teeth. This makes gamma rays very dangerous. They can destroy living cells, produce gene mutations, and cause cancer. Ironically, the deadly effects of gamma rays can be used to treat cancer. In th... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_1592 | Which organelle specific to plant cells is responsible for photosynthesis? | [
"the chloroplast",
"the mitochondria",
"the vacuole",
"the lipid"
] | Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_5575 | What is the most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract? | [
"sliding carbon theory",
"sliding tritium theory",
"sliding filament theory",
"sliding pigment theoery"
] | The most widely accepted theory explaining how muscle fibers contract is called the sliding filament theory . According to this theory, myosin filaments use energy from ATP to “walk” along the actin filaments with their cross bridges. This pulls the actin filaments closer together. The movement of the actin filaments a... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10316 | What do animals require to grow and develop? | [
"sunlight",
"food",
"sucrose",
"carbon dioxide"
] | 15.1 | Features of the Animal Kingdom By the end of this section, you will be able to: • List the features that distinguish the animal kingdom from other kingdoms • Explain the processes of animal reproduction and embryonic development • Describe the hierarchy of basic animal classification • Compare and contrast the e... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_3846 | What kind of bonds are there between carbon atoms in saturated fatty acids? | [
"single",
"electrical",
"chemical",
"double"
] | In saturated fatty acids, there are only single bonds between carbon atoms. As a result, the carbons are saturated with hydrogen atoms. Saturated fatty acids are found in fats. Fats are solid lipids that animals use to store energy. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8736 | What type of waves carry energy through matter or space as vibrating electric and magnetic fields? | [
"sound waves",
"mechanical waves",
"electromagnetic waves",
"light waves"
] | Electromagnetic waves are waves that carry energy through matter or space as vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves have a wide range of wavelengths and frequencies. Sunlight contains the complete range of wavelengths of electromagnetic waves, which is called the electromagnetic spectrum. The Fig... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_10445 | What is the second stage of photosynthesis? | [
"pigment release",
"production of glucose",
"production of protein",
"glucose destruction"
] | The second stage of photosynthesis is the production of glucose from carbon dioxide. This process occurs in a continuous cycle, named after its discover, Melvin Calvin. The Calvin cycle uses CO 2 and the energy temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH to make the sugar glucose. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_9270 | The rate of evaporation depends only on the surface area of the liquid and is essentially constant. the rate of condensation depends on the number of molecules in the vapor phase and increases steadily until it equals the rate of this? | [
"absorption",
"evaporation",
"accumulation",
"condensation"
] | The rate of evaporation depends only on the surface area of the liquid and is essentially constant. The rate of condensation depends on the number of molecules in the vapor phase and increases steadily until it equals the rate of evaporation. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_10496 | Why do hummingbirds have long narrow bills? | [
"to reach the nectar at the bottom of flowers",
"for protection against predators",
"to feed their offspring",
"to store food"
] | dome-shaped plug of thick lava that cools near the vent of a volcano. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_3050 | Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing? | [
"parasympathetic",
"synaptic",
"dopaminergic",
"endocrine"
] | The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing when there is not an emergency. | A | null |
sciq | sciq_7662 | What are materials that eject electrons when illuminated with light called? | [
"illumination",
"photoemissive",
"photogenic",
"fragmentation"
] | Materials that eject electrons when illuminated with light, such as potassium, are called photoemissive. Not all materials are photoemissive, nor are all light sources capable of initiating electron emission from a given substance. For example, in Figure above , we see that 700 nm light will not initiate electron eject... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_11616 | In prokaryotes, what are the regions called that repressors bind to? | [
"elements",
"operators",
"consumers",
"enablers"
] | For a bacteria, many aspects of gene regulation are due to the presence or absence of certain nutrients. In prokaryotes, repressors bind to regions called operators that are generally located immediately downstream from the promoter. Activators bind to the upstream portion of the promoter. | B | null |
sciq | sciq_1177 | What is a wall of rocks or concrete called? | [
"foot",
"groin",
"knee",
"ankle"
] | Longshore drift can erode the sediment from a beach. To keep this from happening, people may build a series of groins. A groin ( Figure below ) is wall of rocks or concrete. The structure juts out into the ocean perpendicular to the shore. A groin stops the longshore movement of sand. Sand collects on the up-current si... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_2529 | Algae are similar to plants in that they both produce their food through what process? | [
"mitosis",
"cell division",
"hydrolysis",
"photosynthesis"
] | Why are algae considered plant-like? The main reason is that they contain chloroplasts and produce food through photosynthesis. However, they lack many other structures of true plants. For example, algae do not have roots, stems, or leaves. Some algae also differ from plants in being motile. They may move with pseudopo... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_8433 | What determines the length and thickness of dna chromosomes? | [
"type of dna",
"number of chromosomes",
"degree of dna coiling",
"degree of rna coiling"
] | The degree of DNA coiling determines whether the chromosome strands are short and thick or long and thin. Between cell divisions, the DNA in chromosomes is more loosely coiled and forms long thin strands called chromatin . DNA is in this uncoiled form during the majority of the cell cycle, making the DNA available to t... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_1444 | What do craters and rifts become when they fill with water? | [
"streams",
"seas",
"rivers",
"lakes"
] | Left: Indrik myneur; Right: Courtesy of UNEP/GRID. Craters and rifts become lakes when they fill with water . Left: CC BY 2.0; Right: Non-copyrighted and available for free use. | D | null |
sciq | sciq_9265 | What do you call a predator species that affects other species' populations when its own population size changes? | [
"complement species",
"symbiotic species",
"paradox species",
"keystone species"
] | Some predator species play a special role in their community. They are called keystone species. When the population size of a keystone species changes, the populations of many other species are affected. Prairie dogs, pictured in Figure below , are an example of a keystone species. Their numbers affect most of the othe... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7414 | What material is regularly used in human hip and knee implants? | [
"wood",
"glass",
"coal",
"metal"
] | Metal is regularly used in the human body for hip and knee implants. Most implants need to be replaced over time because, among other things, metal does not bond with bone. Researchers are trying to find better metal coatings that would allow metalto-bone bonding. One challenge is to find a coating that has an expansio... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_10472 | What is the name of the outer part of the adrenal gland located above the kidneys? | [
"mitochondria",
"spleen",
"nucleus",
"cortex"
] | The two adrenal glands are located above the kidneys. Each gland has an inner and outer part. The outer part, called the cortex, secretes hormones such as cortisol, which helps the body deal with stress, and aldosterone, which helps regulate the balance of minerals in the body. The inner part of each adrenal gland, cal... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_1250 | During cellular respiration, carbons from the glucose molecule are changed back into what gas? | [
"deformation dioxide",
"liquid dioxide",
"carbon dioxide",
"carbon monoxide"
] | In biological systems, matter is continuously changing states as well. For example, carbon in the form of the gas carbon dioxide is changed into glucose, a solid. This change, of course, occurs during photosynthesis. During cellular respiration, carbons from the glucose molecule are changed back into the carbon dioxide... | C | null |
sciq | sciq_5890 | Which generation of a plant is generally larger and longer-lived? | [
"dominant generation",
"effective generation",
"alpha generation",
"main generation"
] | One of the two generations of a plant’s life cycle is typically dominant to the other generation. Whether it’s the sporophyte or gametophyte generation, individuals in the dominant generation live longer and grow larger. They are the green, photosynthetic structures that you would recognize as a fern, tree, or other pl... | A | null |
sciq | sciq_8511 | The following definition relates to which term: the application of knowledge to real-world problems? | [
"industry",
"technology",
"invention",
"capitalism"
] | Technology is the application of knowledge to real-world problems. It includes methods and processes as well as devices like computers and cars. An example is the Bessemer process. It is a cheap method of making steel that was invented in the 1850s. It is just one of many technological advances that have occurred in ma... | B | null |
sciq | sciq_4901 | What molecules with a nitrogen base are the basic components of nucleic acids? | [
"sporozoans",
"enzymes",
"nuclides",
"nucleiotides"
] | The basic components of nucleic acids are nucleotides. A nucleotide is a molecule that contains a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen containing base. The five-carbon sugar is either ribose, in the case of RNA, or deoxyribose, in the case of DNA. The only difference between the two molecules is the pre... | D | null |
sciq | sciq_7666 | Dispersal occurs only on what time scale? | [
"conventional",
"developmental",
"regular",
"evolutionary"
] | D | null | |
sciq | sciq_9659 | What has has revolutionized biological and biomedical research and applications? | [
"synthesis chain reaction",
"Compound chain reaction",
"polymerase chain reaction",
"organism chain reaction"
] | Use a machine. The polymerase chain reaction has revolutionized biological and biomedical research and applications. Luckily many machines have been developed that allow this process to be performed rapidly and with precision. | C | null |
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