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"Pseudopontia paradoxa Pseudopontia paradoxa is a species of butterfly found only in wet forests of tropical Africa. It was traditionally thought to be the only species (monotypic) in the genus \"Pseudopontia\" and the subfamily Pseudopontiinae. However, a recent study showed there are at least five species of \"Pseudopontia\" which can be distinguished genetically and by details of wing veins. Each is found primarily in a different part of Africa, though several of the species have overlapping geographic distributions. It is considered paradoxical because, despite being a true butterfly (\"Papilionoidea\"), its antennae do not have the characteristic clubbed ends which are otherwise diagnostic of butterflies (\"Rhopalocera\"). The larvae feed on \"Pseuderanthemum tunicatum\", \"Rhopalopilia marquesii\" and \"Rhopalopilia pallens\". Pseudopontia paradoxa Pseudopontia paradoxa is a species of butterfly found only in wet forests of tropical Africa. It was traditionally thought to be the only species (monotypic) in the genus \"Pseudopontia\" and the subfamily Pseudopontiinae. However, a recent study showed there are at least five species of \"Pseudopontia\" which can be distinguished genetically and by details of wing veins. Each is found primarily in a different part of Africa, though several of the species have overlapping geographic distributions. It is considered paradoxical because, despite"
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"retrieved": [
"Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein (1585 – 26 July 1635) was a German nobleman and field marshal, who fought during the course of the Thirty Years' War. He served with distinction in forces of both the Catholic League and Holy Roman Empire. His poor relationship with the Imperial generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein frustrated his plan of becoming the supreme commander of the League's forces. Embittered by this he defected to Sweden, where he attained the rank of field marshal. He was captured at the Battle of Nördlingen (1634) and executed for treason a year later. Johann Philipp Count of Scharffenstein, Freiherr of Riesenberg was born in 1585. At the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War, Scharffenstein served in the army of the Bishopric of Worms, which was part of the armed forces of the Catholic League. On 8 November 1620, he commanded a regiment of heavy cavalry at the Battle of White Mountain. Positioned on the flank of the Catholic infantry tercios he managed to contain the cavalry charge of Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg. In the meantime elements of the Bohemian infantry fled the battlefield without even engaging the enemy, leading to a Catholic-Holy Roman victory. Scharffenstein's actions during the battle inspired several folksongs. Between 1621 and 1623, he fought under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly against the remnants of the rebels forces headed by Ernst von Mansfeld, Christian the Younger of Brunswick and Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach in the Palatinate campaign. After the conclusion of the campaign he joined the ranks of the Holy Roman army, departing for the Netherlands where he participated in Spinola's Siege of Breda (1624). Following the Danish intervention into the war he returned to Germany, commanding the Imperial cavalry in the Battle of Dessau Bridge (25 April 1626). On the same year, he quit Imperial service over an argument with Imperial generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, possibly over the dismissal of Raimbaut XIII of Collalto. Deeply offended he entered the service of France. Not wanting to strain his relationship with the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand II by whose grace he received estates in Bohemia, Scharffenstein left the French army shortly before the two states fought in the War of the Mantuan Succession. After Wallenstein's dismissal, Scharffenstein returned into the Imperial army, serving in lower Germany. 1630 was marked by the Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years' War, the Swedes swept through Pomerania and Brandenburg meeting little resistance. Scharffenstein was then appointed to the position of the garrison commander of the Landsberg an der Warthe, repealing a Swedish assault on the city in January 1631. Scharffenstein remained in Landsberg until the Sack of Magdeburg, whereupon he departed for Thuringia in the rank of and commanding an independent army. There he faced off Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, while Tilly advanced to Saxony and fought the Battle of Breitenfeld. Swedish penetration into southern Germany led to the recall of Wallenstein into active service. Scharffenstein switched back into the Liga army, becoming the governor of the Upper Palatinate on 1 January 1632 and being promoted to General of the Artillery. In his new capacity he coordinated the efforts of the Imperial and Liga armies. On 9 March, he defeated the Swedes in the Battle of Bamberg, the first such victory in the war. On 15 April, he fought at the Battle of Rain commanding the Liga cavalry. On 17 April, the retiring Tilly suggested Scharffenstein as his successor in the command of the Liga troops. Scharffenstein assumed the position temporarily, however Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria replaced him with Johann von Aldringen, after Wallenstein protested the decision going as far as threatening to quit if Scharffenstein was appointed. Scharffenstein's distaste for Wallenstein grew into an open hatred, prompting him to defect to the Swedes through secret negotiations with Bernard in May 1633. He surrendered Ingolstadt to the Swedes the moment he deemed his other rival Aldringen (who was fighting in Swabia) was most vulnerable. The Bernardines arrived too late ruining his plan and forcing him to flee to Bernard. As a Swedish field marshal he fought side by side with Bernard in Bohemia and the Upper Palatinate, before advancing to Franconia at the head of 5,000 men. On 5 November 1634, he commanded the Swedish right flank at the Battle of Nördlingen opposite Johann von Werth. The Swedes were defeated, 4,000 men fell into captivity including Scharffenstein and Gustav Horn, Count of Pori. He was taken to Vienna where he managed to escape and fled to Silesia. He was seized again and brought back to Vienna where he was convicted of treason and executed on 26 July 1635. Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein (1585 – 26 July 1635) was a German nobleman and field marshal, who fought during"
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"retrieved": [
"Thomas Wilkins (antiquarian) Thomas Wilkins (1625 or 1626 – 20 August 1699) was a Welsh cleric and antiquarian, who collected Welsh manuscripts. His father and his grandfather were both called Thomas Wilkins; all three in turn were rectors of St Mary's Church in Glamorgan. Wilkins (the grandson) was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in 1641 and obtaining a law degree in 1661. He was rector of Gelligaer and Llan-maes, and a prebendary of Llandaff. In addition to his clerical duties, Wilkins was also an antiquarian and collected manuscripts, including the Red Book of Hergest and the Book of the Anchorite. After his death, on 20 August 1699, his eldest son (also called Thomas) donated these two manuscripts to Jesus College. Thomas Wilkins (antiquarian) Thomas Wilkins (1625 or 1626 – 20 August 1699) was a Welsh cleric and antiquarian, who collected Welsh manuscripts. His father and his grandfather were both called Thomas Wilkins; all three in turn were rectors of St Mary's Church in Glamorgan. Wilkins (the grandson) was educated at Jesus College, Oxford, matriculating in 1641 and obtaining a law degree in 1661. He was rector of Gelligaer and Llan-maes, and a prebendary of Llandaff. In addition to his"
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"retrieved": [
"Benjamin Thorpe Benjamin Thorpe (1782 – 19 July 1870) was an English scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature. In the early 1820s he worked as a banker in the House of Rothschild, in Paris. There he met Thomas Hodgkin, who treated him for tuberculosis. After studying for four years at Copenhagen University, under the Danish philologist Rasmus Christian Rask, Thorpe returned to England in 1830. In a few years he established a reputation as an Anglo-Saxon scholar. In recognition of unremunerative work, Thorpe was granted a civil list pension of £160 in 1835, and on 17 June 1841 this was increased to £200 per annum. He was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, a member of the Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich, and of the Society of Netherlandish Literature at Leyden He died at Chiswick in July 1870. In 1830 Thorpe brought out at Copenhagen an English version of Rask's \"Anglo-Saxon Grammar\" (a second edition of this appeared at London). That same year he moved to London with his new wife Mary Otte and her daughter Elise Otté. Thorpe educated and oppressed his step daughter and she had a troubled relationship and unattributed partnership with him throughout his life. In 1832 he published at London \"Cædmon's Metrical Paraphrase of Parts of the Holy Scriptures in Anglo-Saxon; with an English Translation, Notes, and a Verbal Index\", which was well reviewed. It was followed in 1834 by the \"Anglo-Saxon Version of the Story of Apollonius of Tyre\" and by \"Analecta Anglo-Saxonica\", a textbook which was adopted at Oxford by Robert Meadows White. The \"Analecta\" was used, with Vernon's \"Anglo-Saxon Guide\", for 40 years. In 1835 Thorpe published \"Libri Psalmorum Versio antiqua Latina\" and then \"Ancient Laws and Institutes of England\" (1840). Two more volumes were published by Thorpe in 1842, \"The Holy Gospels in Anglo-Saxon\" and \"Codex Exoniensis, a Collection of Anglo-Saxon Poetry, with English Translation and Notes\", an edition of the poems in the Exeter Book with English translation. Next came, for the Ælfric Society, \"The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\",' with an English version, published in ten parts between 1843 and 1846. In 1834 Thorpe had begun a translation of Johann Martin Lappenberg's works on old English history, but was deterred. By 1842 he had started another version, with alterations, corrections, and notes of his own; it was published in two volumes in 1845 as \"A History of England under the Anglo-Saxon Kings\". It was followed eventually by a version of Lappenberg's \"History of England under the Norman Kings\" (1857). Thorpe's two-volume edition of Florence of Worcester was issued in 1848–49. For the publisher Edward Lumley Thorpe produced \"Northern Mythology\" (1851) with notes and illustrations. It was followed in 1853 by \"Yule Tide Stories\" which appeared in Bohn's Antiquarian Library. For the same library he translated in 1854 \"Pauli's Life of Alfred the Great\", with Alfred's Anglo-Saxon version of \"Orosius\". In 1855 appeared Thorpe's \"Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf\", with translation, notes, glossary, and indexes. He had planned this work as early as 1830, and his text was collated with the Cottonian MS before John Mitchell Kemble's; the scorched edges of the manuscript suffered further shortly afterwards. In 1861 Thorpe edited for the Rolls Series of \"The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, according to the several Authorities\". In the first volume are printed synoptically the Corpus Christi, Cambridge, the Bodleian, and the various Cottonian texts, with facsimiles and notes, while in volume two appeared the translation. Four years later, through the support of Joseph Mayer of Liverpool, Thorpe was able to publish his supplement to Kemble's \"Codex Diplomaticus ævi Saxonici\". His final work, done for Trübner in 1866, was a translation of the \"Elder Edda\". His other works include \"The Homilies of the Anglo-Saxon Church\" (1844). Benjamin Thorpe Benjamin Thorpe (1782 – 19 July 1870) was an English scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature. In the early 1820s he worked as a banker in the House of Rothschild, in Paris. There he met Thomas Hodgkin, who treated him for tuberculosis. After studying for four years at Copenhagen University, under the Danish philologist Rasmus Christian Rask, Thorpe returned to England in 1830. In a few years he established a reputation as an Anglo-Saxon scholar. In"
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"retrieved": [
"Indra Putra Mahayuddin Indra Putra Bin Mahayuddin, P.B. (born 2 September 1981) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League side Kuala Lumpur and also a player in the Malaysia national team. He is a versatile forward, who can operate as a striker or a winger. Indra Putra has played in the Perak Academy when he was a teenager. He then was promoted to the senior team in 2002, helping Perak to clinch the Malaysian Premier One League in 2002 and 2003. Then, in 2004, Indra Putra Mahayuddin moved to Pahang in a high-profile transfer. There, Indra helped Pahang to win the inaugural edition of the rebranded Malaysian Super League in his first season. Indra Putra Mahayuddin was described as the best Malaysian football player in his generation by former Perak's coach Steve Darby. He was the 2004 Malaysian Super League season top goalscorer with 15 goals from 21 games played. He remains, until this day, the last Malaysian football player to win that accolade. He joined Selangor for the 2008 season, after his contract with Pahang expired. During 2009 season, Indra Putra joined Kelantan and were partnered upfront by his former teammate in Perak Khalid Jamlus. On 18 April 2009, he was the villain among the Negeri Sembilan supporters after stamping on Negeri's defender, Rahman Zabul. Amazingly, he escaped the red card. He was part of the Kelantan team that play in that year Malaysia FA Cup final against Selangor where Kelantan lost 3–1 on penalties his spot kick hit the bar which cost Kelantan the match. Kelantan suffered another setback when lost the 2009 Malaysia Cup final against Negeri Sembilan. Indra scored a consolation goal from the free kick. However, Indra was chosen as the most valuable player for the 2009 season. He was part of the Kelantan's 2010 Malaysia Cup winning team. Indra signed with Kuala Terengganu based club, T-Team in 2011. After one season with T-Team, Indra returned to Kelantan for the 2012 season. During the 2012 Malaysia Cup final at the Shah Alam Stadium, he scored an extra-time winner and clinched a dramatic 3–2 victory over ATM. During the season, he also help the team won the 2012 Super League and 2012 Malaysia FA Cup, completing the treble. Indra joined Felda United, who were just relegated to the Premier League, at the end of the 2013. He helped the club finished runners-up in the 2014 Malaysia Premier League, and the club was promoted straight back to the Malaysia Super League after only being in the second division for one season. On 30 December 2015, Indra was officially announced as Kelantan new signing during a friendly match with PKNP by Kelantan FA President, Annuar Musa. He was released at the end of his contract. On 3 December 2017, Indra signed a contract with newly promoted side Kuala Lumpur after being released by Kelantan. He scored his first goal in a 2-2 draw against Pahang FA. He then scored his second goal against his former club, Kelantan FA in a 4-2 defeat. The right-footed player represented Malaysia for the 2003 SEA Games in Hanoi, Vietnam, the FA Premier League Asia Cup 2003 and also in the 2002 Tiger Cup in Thailand, helping Malaysia national football team to a 4th-place finish. He been called up by Malaysia national football team coach Norizan Bakar for the AFC Asian Cup 2007 in July, co-hosting by 4 countries Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and Malaysia. In the competition, Indra Putra is the only Malaysian player to score a goal, against China, as Malaysia crashed out in the group stages having lost all group games. Indra Putra also represented the Malaysia XI squad against Chelsea at Shah Alam Stadium on 29 July 2008. The Malaysia XI eventually lost 0–2. However, Chelsea coach Luiz Felipe Scolari praise the Malaysia XI for giving a good fight against his team. He was unexpectedly recalled to Malaysia national team, after a long period of absence, for a match against Indonesia on 14 September 2014 by national coach Dollah Salleh. He entered the match as a substitute, which ended in a 2–0 loss to Malaysia. Indra Putra Mahayuddin Indra Putra Bin Mahayuddin, P.B. (born 2 September 1981)"
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"retrieved": [
"Wallerfangen Wallerfangen (French: \"Vaudrevange\"/\"Valdrevange\") is a municipality of Saarlouis district, Saarland, Germany. Located west of Saarlouis and along the French border, it is the seat of the villages of Ittersdorf, Ihn, Leidingen, St. Barbara, Kerlingen, Gisingen, Rammelfangen, Oberlimberg, Bedersdorf, and Düren. Formerly called Walderfinga, it was established by the Duchy of Lorraine, and belonged to the Duchy until the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century, at which time it came under French control. Up until 1687, Wallerfangen possessed town privileges. In that year, the fortifications and most of the buildings were destroyed and the inhabitants were moved to the newly found town-fortress of Saarlouis. In 1815, under the Treaty of Paris, Prussia assumed control of the area. For all intents and purposes, it remained in the possession of the German Federation of States until 1919. The Treaty of Versailles created an independent and autonomous territory of Saargebiet, administered by France and the League of Nations until 1935. Under the terms of Versailles, the citizens of the \"Saargebiet\" voted to become part of Germany, doing so in spite of Adolf Hitler having assumed power in 1933. World War II brought much despair and bloodshed for Wallerfangen and its citizens. Being the western border of the German Reich, the area became battleground in 1944/45, and the area was evacuated \"en masse\" twice. After World War II, Wallerfangen belonged to the newly independent, but French-controlled, Saarland. Wallerfangen Wallerfangen (French: \"Vaudrevange\"/\"Valdrevange\") is a municipality of Saarlouis district, Saarland, Germany. Located west of Saarlouis and along the French border, it is the seat of the villages of Ittersdorf, Ihn, Leidingen, St. Barbara, Kerlingen, Gisingen, Rammelfangen, Oberlimberg, Bedersdorf, and Düren. Formerly called Walderfinga, it was established by the Duchy of Lorraine, and belonged to the Duchy until the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century,"
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"Pattan Kalan Pattan Kalan is one of twenty-nine union councils of the Abbottabad District, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It lies within an area that was affected by the 2005 earthquake, after which a total of 27 small camps were set up in the area. Patan Kalan is located on the eastern side of the Abbottabad District, where it forms part of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's border with the Muzaffarabad District of Kashmir. It also borders the following union councils within the Abbottabad District: The village is located approximately 40 km from Abbottabad on the Abbottabad-Muzaffarabad road, approximately 7,000 feet above sea level. Patan kalan is a mountainous area located in the Abbottabad District, and is the largest village in the Galyat/Circle Bakot region. Much of the hilly countryside is covered in trees, including evergreens like pine, walnut, oak, and maple. The highest peak of the Abbottabad District the popular tourist destination Thandiani, is located near Pattan Kalan, at 34°13'60N 73°22'0E. The local wildlife includes leopards, monkeys, pheasants, flying squirrels, and pine marten (although the latter two are rare). The majority of the people of are Muslims. Most people in the village belong to one of three tribes: Qureshi, Gujjar, and Abbasi. The predominant dialect of the region is Hindko. Farming is the main occupation of the people in this region. The farming is still done in the traditional manner (using oxen) in the more remote locations and by machinery in the villages. The major rabi crops grown in Pattan Kalan are potatoes and maize. The only Kharif crop grown in the area is wheat, to which a very small area of the village is dedicated. There are two main purposes of this crop: to feed cattle and for the grain. Other vegetables grown in Pattan Kalan include turnips, radishes, peas, pumpkins, beans, and mustard. Fruits like pears, apples, black grapes, grapes, figs, peaches, damson plums, mulberries, wild figs, lemons, apricots, and cherries are grown in Pattan Kalan. Wood is the primary source of fuel and home construction. Gas cylinders are also used as fuel but only in very small quantities. Winters in Pattan Kalan are extreme and last from October to April. During the summer months the temperature rises to a maximum of 25–30 degrees, with the hottest months being May and June. The monsoon season lasts from mid-July to mid-August. http://paktourproductions.blogspot.com/2018/06/patan-kalan-beautiful-place-of.html Pattan Kalan Pattan Kalan is one of twenty-nine"
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"retrieved": [
"Dan McTeague Daniel P. \"Dan\" McTeague, (born October 16, 1962) is a Canadian businessman, former public servant and former politician. McTeague served as Member of Parliament for the Ontario riding of Pickering—Scarborough East. Fluently bilingual, McTeague graduated from the University of Toronto and worked as an intern in Ottawa to Paul Cosgrove, then Minister of Public Works and Canada Mortgage and Housing and later with the Royal Bank. After graduation he worked as an assistant to Alvin Curling, Ontario Minister of Housing. From 1989 to 1993 he worked as a public relations specialist with Toyota Canada. After an 18-year career in Parliament, he now works for Gasbuddy.com as a Senior Petroleum Analyst. McTeague was first elected to Parliament in the 1993 federal election and was re-elected in 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006 and 2008. He was a member of the Liberal Party of Canada and was the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Foreign Affairs tasked with protecting Canadians abroad, until the Liberals lost the 2006 election. He served as the vice-chair of the Standing Committee on Industry. McTeague was a key player in rescuing William Sampson from prison in Saudi Arabia by obtaining a letter of forgiveness from his eldest son. McTeague was also instrumental in achieving the release of a number of other Canadians from detention abroad, including Abdullah Al-Malki, Muyadad Nureddin and Al-Matti. He continued this work as Parliamentary Secretary from 2003-2006. His earlier legislative achievements included a bill passing into law the recognition of the third week in April as the Annual Donor Organ Week and setting Parliamentary precedent as the first backbench MP to successfully amend the Criminal Code and see his bill making fleeing a peace officer using a vehicle unlawful. So rare was this feat, that upon passing of third reading in the Senate, his Bill, C-202, was promulgated into law before a one judge on the Supreme Court of Canada, without the normal requirement of waiting the several months of publication in the Canadian Gazette. His Act, now section 249.1 of the Criminal Code of Canada, took effect on February 7, 2000. An early advocate for proper compensation of hepatitis C victims and an effective critic of Canada's restrictive drug patent laws, he was also instrumental in pushing his own government to do more to address the African AIDS pandemic by relaxing those very laws. McTeague has undertaken to help Canadians in distress abroad with an initiative to help free a condemned William Sampson from Saudi execution. Having chaired the Liberal Government Task Force on gasoline pricing in 1998, McTeague challenged the premium prices Canadians were forced to pay for gasoline in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina (August 2005). For 10 weeks Canadian refiners added several cents a litre to the price of gasoline even over prices in the most affected markets in the US. On November 22, 2005, McTeague asked Immigration Minister Joe Volpe to restrict rapper 50 Cent from entering Canada, citing the death of a constituent at the performer's previous concert in Toronto in 2004. 50 Cent's tour went on as scheduled but McTeague's intervention succeeded in seeing at least half of the accompanying members of the rapper's troupe, the G-Unit, banned in Canada as a result of the objections. In July 2006, he condemned Prime Minister Stephen Harper's initial failure to address the plight of Canadians in Lebanon trapped by Israeli air strikes and challenged the PM's characterization of the attack as being \"a measured response\". With Canadian troops facing more casualties in Afghanistan, McTeague led the charge to force the Harper government to abandon the practice of docking injured soldier's \"operational pay\" once out of theatre. In May 2007 he again forced a reluctant Conservative government to increase the funeral stipend to families of fallen Canadian soldiers, a matter they originally denied. McTeague's interventions in Question period also resulted in goading the Conservative government to back away from its plan to eliminate the Liberal energuide program for seniors and low income Canadians. McTeague tabled a private member bill that proposed to give parents substantial tax breaks for saving education money; taxpayers who deposited $5,000 into a Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) for their children's post-secondary education would earn a $5,000 tax deduction, similar to the deduction allowed for contributions to a Registered Retirement Savings Plan. Under the Tax-Free Savings Account, introduced in Finance Minister Jim Flaherty's 2008 budget, there was no deduction for annual contributions. Ted Menzies, Conservative Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Finance, lashed out at the proposal and suggested McTeague explain how the government would pay for his proposal, while Garth Turner strongly supported McTeague's bill and called it \"the greatest financial tool in a generation.\" The Green Party said the government should have ceased threats to trigger an election over the RESP private member’s bill. McTeague's bill passed through the House of Commons of Canada on March 5, 2008, after Speaker of the House, Liberal Peter Milliken, ruled the bill in order as it did not require a royal recommendation, given that it did not contemplate spending money, only reducing revenue. Flaherty introduced a ways and means motion which nullified McTeague's bill. Renowned for his work on gasoline prices, McTeague has devoted much effort on pinpointing the causes(s) of rising fuel prices, going as far as running a website aiming to predict gas prices the day before they are posted in cities across Canada. He received support from all parties on the Industry Committee to strike a subcommittee for the purpose of examining the role of institutional investors, hedge funds and lending institutions in purchasing large contracts in oil and natural gas on the futures commodity market in driving the price of commodities beyond normal market fundamentals. McTeague, along with Jack Layton of the NDP, on February 4, 2011 attended a rally in Toronto organized by Calvin Tennant against an internet usage based billing decision by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). He vowed to fight on behalf of all Canadians and his fellow MPs to reverse the CRTC decision, coining it the \"Giga-Tax\". McTeague criticized the induction into the Order of Canada of Dr. Henry Morgentaler, saying that the Advisory Council of the Order of Canada strayed into social comment with its \"provocative\" choice, and argued that it was not the mandate of the ten-person panel. Dan McTeague Daniel P. \"Dan\" McTeague, (born October 16, 1962) is a Canadian businessman, former public servant and former politician. McTeague served as Member of Parliament for the Ontario riding of Pickering—Scarborough East. Fluently bilingual, McTeague graduated from the University of Toronto and worked as an"
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"Rawleigh Warner Jr. Rawleigh Warner Jr. (February 13, 1921June 26, 2013) was an American business executive, who was president of Mobil from 1965 to 1969 and chairman and chief executive officer from 1969 to 1986. He was recipient of the 1984 Henry Laurence Gantt Medal. Rawleigh Warner Jr. was born Feb. 13, 1921, in Chicago and growing up in Chicago's northern suburbs. He attended Lake Forest Academy and graduated from the Lawrenceville School and his father's \"alma mater\" Princeton University. Graduating in 1943, he served in the United States Army during World War II as a Field Artillery officer. During his military service he was awarded the Silver Star, the Bronze Star Medal, and the Purple Heart. He left the army as a captain. After a brief stint in finance, Warner was looking for a new career in 1948. As his father Rawleigh Warner Sr. was chairman of Pure Oil, the oil business seemed like a natural fit. Wishing to avoid the appearance of nepotism, Warner followed his father's advice and joined the financial staff of Continental Oil Company in Houston, Texas. Warner served as the assistant to the treasurer and remained with Continental until 1953. In 1953, Warner was recruited to join Socony-Vacuum Oil Company as the assistant to the vice president of finance in one of the company's divisions based in Fort Lee, New Jersey. He later transferred to the parent company as its economics department manager. Later he managed Socony’s Middle East department and was named a regional vice president of Mobil International Oil Company, one of Socony's divisions. After only twelve years working for Socony, Warner was named president of the renamed Socony Mobil Oil Company in 1965. In 1966, the company again changed its name to Mobil. Rawleigh Warner Jr. Rawleigh Warner Jr. (February 13,"
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"Greg Brehaut Gregory John \"Greg\" Brehaut (1 August 1946 – 19 February 1993) was an Australian rules football player and coach who played with the Perth Football Club in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) and the Woodville Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Playing mainly as a wingman, he also represented Western Australia in 16 interstate matches, and later coached the East Perth Football Club between 1983 and 1986, before dying in 1993 at the age of 46 from a heart attack. Brehaut was posthumously inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2006. Born in Carlisle, Western Australia, Brehaut played with local junior teams before making his senior debut for Perth in 1965, subsequently winning consecutive premierships with the club in 1966, 1967, and 1968. He represented Western Australia several times, and was named in the All-Australian team after the 1969 Australian National Football Carnival, held in Adelaide. Brehaut was named captain-coach of Woodville in the SANFL for the 1974 season, but only managed to play 10 games due to injury, with Woodville finishing last in the league. He returned to Perth in 1975, and retired at the end of that season, finishing his career with 157 games for the club. After captain-coaching amateur side Wanneroo to four consecutive premierships in the West Australian Football Association (WAFA), Brehaut was appointed coach of East Perth in 1983 and held the position until 1986; however, this was during a period when the club, which in terms of winning percent had been the most successful in the WANFL since 1956, was finding its traditional recruiting base becoming less productive and they played in the finals only once. After seven round in which the Royals had surrendered several large leads, the club board sacked him arguing that he was schooling the club in how to lose matches; however, the crisis, with the Royals’ seconds having won five games out of seven, also claimed seconds coach Ian McCulloch, trainign co-ordinator Bruce Sinclair and reserves manager Gary Gillespie. Brehaut’s appointment had been influenced by the appointment of Mal Atwell, coach for much of his senior career, to the position of club president. Brehaut died in February 1993, after suffering heart attack while jogging on a beach. He was named in Perth's Team of the Century in 1999, and posthumously inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2006. Greg Brehaut Gregory John \"Greg\" Brehaut (1 August 1946 – 19 February 1993) was an Australian rules football player and coach who played with the Perth Football Club in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) and the Woodville Football Club in the South Australian National Football League (SANFL). Playing mainly as a wingman, he also represented Western Australia in 16 interstate matches, and later coached the East Perth Football Club between 1983 and 1986, before dying in 1993 at the age of 46 from a heart attack. Brehaut was posthumously inducted into the West Australian Football"
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"Alta Vista, Iowa Alta Vista is a city in Chickasaw County, Iowa, United States. The population was 266 at the 2010 census. The town was first named Elk Creek, but was changed to Alta Vista, meaning \"high view\" in Spanish. The town was established and incorporated in 1894. The George Darrow Round Barn in Alta Vista is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Alta Vista is located at (43.199041, -92.415780). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 266 people, 116 households, and 65 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 132 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 99.6% White and 0.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.1% of the population. There were 116 households of which 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.9% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.0% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 3.02. The median age in the city was 38.8 years. 28.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 17.7% were from 45 to 64; and 20.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 286 people, 125 households, and 75 families residing in the city. The population density was 378.5 people per square mile (145.3/km²). There were 131 housing units at an average density of 173.4 per square mile (66.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 100.00% White. There were 125 households out of which 27.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 22.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.93. Age spread: 24.1% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 23.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,786, and the median income for a family was $39,464. Males had a median income of $24,167 versus $22,045 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,378. About 10.4% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 9.4% of those sixty five or over. Alta Vista, Iowa Alta Vista is a city in Chickasaw County, Iowa, United States. The population was 266 at the 2010 census. The town was first named Elk Creek, but was changed to Alta Vista, meaning \"high view\" in Spanish. The town was established and incorporated in 1894. The George"
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"Bradford Jamieson IV Bradford Redder Jamieson IV (born October 18, 1996) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward as well as a left winger for the LA Galaxy in Major League Soccer. Bradford Jamieson was born in Los Angeles, California. He began his soccer career at AYSO, progressed to club soccer with Santa Monica United FC, LAFC/Cosmos which was absorbed by Chivas USA Academy and ended his youth career at the L.A. Galaxy Academy. Jamieson never played for his alma mater, Santa Monica High School, due to USSF Academy rules. He committed to play D1 soccer at UC, Berkeley in the Fall of his senior year, but later opted to sign a professional contract with the L.A. Galaxy, in the winter of his senior year, at age 17. Jamieson was the recipient of the NSCAA \"All-America\" team award in 2012 and 2013. In the Fall of 2012, Bradford Jamieson was invited to attend the U.S. Soccer U-17 residency program in Bradenton, Florida, where he would go on & complete four semesters. While a member of the residency program, Jamieson was also a member of the USSF Chivas Academy in Los Angeles. At Chivas, he was given the opportunity to train with the first team, with a nod from Chivas coaches, Robin Fraser and Greg Vanney. He returned to Los Angeles after two years of soccer and study in Bradenton, and joined the L.A. Galaxy academy for his senior year of high school. While an academy player, he was again given the opportunity to train and play with the first team. This led to appearances for the reserve team and ultimately, an MLS player contract offer from Head coach, Bruce Arena. In his senior year, Jamieson began his professional career balancing his academic studies, proms & a professional sports team locker room. On February 20, 2014 it was announced that Jamieson had signed a homegrown player contract with the LA Galaxy. He then made his professional debut for the LA Galaxy II, the reserve side of the LA Galaxy, in the USL Pro on March 22, 2014 against Orange County Blues. On July 19, 2014, Jamieson made his MLS debut for the L.A. Galaxy first team Sporting Kansas City, coming off the bench replacing A. J. DeLaGarza in the 75th minute. Less than five minutes after coming on, Jamieson provided an assist to Robbie Keane, although the Galaxy could not complete their comeback as they lost 2–1. Jamieson continued to play well for the USL side of the L.A. Galaxy developmental model, while graduating from high school & starting college classes. He would go on to be a 2014 finalist for USL pro \"Rookie of the Year\", in the Galaxy's inaugural year in the league. Jamieson continued to be an option on the bench for the first team, as they would go on to win the MLS cup that year. Jamieson scored his first MLS goal for the Galaxy on April 26, 2015 in the ninth minute of a match against the New York Red Bulls at Red Bull Arena in Harrison, New Jersey. Hampered by injuries, Jamieson would complete 2015 with limited play. In 2016, Jamieson would continue to move between the first and 2nd teams of the L.A. Galaxy. 2017 would provide some opportunity for development and Jamieson was slowly integrated into the first team of the L.A. Galaxy, where he would end the season with 984 minutes played, 3 goals & 1 assist. Bradford began attending U.S. Soccer national team U-15 camps in his freshman year of high school. In the fall of 2011, as a sophomore, Jamieson was invited to attend the U.S. Soccer residency program in Bradenton, Fl. He would complete all four semesters at Bradenton, representing the U.S. at various tournaments worldwide. United States U17. Bradford completed his first year as a professional soccer player and immediately began attending national team camps in preparation for the 2015 CONCACAF Championship(World Cup qualifiers)in Jamaica. A goal scored by Jamieson against Trinidad & Tobago in the 78th minute secured the team's advancement to the CONCACAF playoff for a U20 World cup berth in New Zealand. Jamieson was included in the squad for 2015 FIFA U-20 World Cup in New Zealand, where he scored against the hosts. Bradford Jamieson IV Bradford Redder Jamieson IV (born October 18, 1996) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward as well as a left winger for the LA Galaxy in Major League Soccer. Bradford Jamieson was born in Los Angeles, California. He began his soccer career at AYSO, progressed to club soccer with Santa Monica United FC, LAFC/Cosmos which was absorbed by Chivas USA Academy and ended his youth career at the L.A. Galaxy Academy. Jamieson never played for his alma mater, Santa Monica High"
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"IonQ IonQ is a quantum computing hardware and software company based in College Park, Maryland. They are developing a general-purpose trapped ion quantum computer and software to generate, optimize, and execute quantum circuits. IonQ was co-founded by Christopher Monroe and Jungsang Kim, professors at The University of Maryland. and Duke University in 2015, with the help of Harry Weller, a partner at venture firm New Enterprise Associates. The company is an offshoot of the co-founders’ 25 years of academic research in quantum information science. Monroe's quantum computing research began as a postdoctoral researcher under Nobel laureate David Wineland where he led a team using trapped ions to produce the first controllable qubits and the first controllable first quantum logic gate, culminating in a proposed architecture for a large-scale trapped ion computer. Kim and Monroe began collaborating formally as a result of larger research initiatives funded by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). They wrote a review paper for Science Magazine entitled \"Scaling the Ion Trap Quantum Processor\", pairing Monroe's research in trapped ions with Kim’s focus on scalable quantum information processing and quantum communication hardware. This research partnership became the seed for IonQ’s founding. In 2015, New Enterprise Associates invested $2 million to commercialize the technology Monroe and Kim proposed in their \"Science\" paper. In 2016, they brought on David Moehring from IARPA—where he was in charge of several quantum computing initiatives—to be the company’s chief executive and third co-founder. In 2017, they raised a $20 million series B, led by GV (formerly Google Ventures) and New Enterprise Associates, the first investment GV has made in quantum computing technology. They began hiring in earnest in 2017, with the intent to bring an offering to market by late 2018. IonQ’s hardware is based on atrapped ion architecture, from technology that Monroe developed at the University of Maryland, and that Kim developed at Duke. In November 2017, IonQ presented a paper at the IEEE International Conference on Rebooting Computing describing their technology strategy and current progress. It outlines using a microfabricated ion trap and several optical and acousto-optical systems to cool, initialize, and calculate. They also describe acloud API, custom language bindings, and quantum computing simulators that take advantage of their trapped ion system's complete connectivity IonQ and some experts claim that trapped ions could provide a number of benefits over other physical qubit types in several measures, such as accuracy, scalability, predictability, and coherence time. Others criticize the slow operational times and relative size of trapped ion hardware, claiming other qubit technologies are just as promising. For more details, see Trapped ion quantum computer. IonQ IonQ is a quantum computing hardware and software company based in College Park, Maryland. They are developing a general-purpose trapped ion quantum computer and software to generate, optimize, and execute quantum circuits. IonQ was co-founded by Christopher Monroe and Jungsang Kim, professors at The University of Maryland. and Duke University in 2015, with the help of Harry Weller, a partner at venture firm New Enterprise"
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"Emmie Charayron Emmie Charayron (born 17 January 1990 in Lyon), the common form used also by the ITU for Emma Charayron, is a French professional triathlete, European Champion of the year 2011, ten times French Champion in various age categories, and both European and World Champion in the Junior class of the year 2009, and U23 World Championship bronze medalist of the year 2010. Charayron is part of ECS Triathlon club and she a member of the French Military Triathlon team \"(Equipe de France militaire de triathlon),\" which is part of the \"Ecoles militaires de Draguignan\" (EMD), and holds the grade \"soldat 1re classe.\" In 1997 Emmie Charayron, who is still trained by her father Philippe Charayron, took part in her first triathlon in Vaulx-en-Velin and since then she has won ten national championships in various age categories. E.g. in 2005 she was the French Youth Duathlon Champion \"(minimes).\" Since 2006 she has regularly taken part in ITU competitions, since 2007 she has regularly won gold medals and in 2008, at the age of 18, she also started to compete in the \"Elite\" class most successfully. In 2009, she not only placed first in the Junior European and the Junior World Championships, but also won medals in Elite European Cups: silver in Quarteira and bronze in Athlone. The French media often depict Charayron, the 2009 Junior World Champion, and Charlotte Morel, the 2009 and 2010 National U23 Champion, as the rising though rivalling stars to count on in international competitions, not least the Olympics in London 2012. E.g. the leading French magazine \"Triathlète\" dedicated its famous double page column called \"Confrontation\" to Morel and Charayron in November 2009. At the first European Cup of the year 2010 in Quarteira, Charayron placed second whilst Morel, still hampered by an injury, finished 22nd. At the World Championship Series triathlon in Madrid, Charayron won the silver medal, whereas Morel did not take part in this race which she had enumerated among her \"objectifs\" 2010, and at the U23 World Championship in Budapest Charayron won the bronze medal whereas Morel had to give up after a bike accident due to the torrential rain. At the French Championships in Charleville on 20 June 2010 Morel had won the U23 gold medal and Charayron had to settle for U23 silver. At the French Championships in Villiers-sur-Loir on 24 September 2011, Morel again won the U23 title whereas Charayron placed second in the U23 ranking and third in the overall ranking. Thanks to Emmie Charayron, in 2009 her French triathlon club \"Brive Limousin\" placed eighth in the prestigious French Club Championship Series \"Lyonnaise des Eaux\" and achieved this top-ten placement without hiring foreign champions. The winning club, Beauvais, however, owed its success almost exclusively to the international stars Hollie Avil, Anja Dittmer, Andrea Hewitt and Vickie Holland. Emmie Charayron took part in four of the five \"Lyonnaise des Eaux\" competitions in 2009 and in three of them she won U23 medals: in Dunkirk she placed 1st (overall 6th), in Beauvais 2nd (overall 5th), in Paris Longchamp 4th (overall 7th) and in La Baule 3rd (overall: 13th). Thus Charyaron managed to outdo Charlotte Morel, her greatest national rival running for Beauvais, at least in the three \"Lyonnaise\" triathlons where both were in the race: Dunkirk (U23 rankings: Charayron 1st, Morel 4th), Beauvais (Charyaron 2nd, Morel 3rd), and Paris Longchamp (Charayron 4th, Morel 5th). From 2010 to 2013 Emmie Charayron represents \"Lagardère Paris Racing.\" In 2010, however, due to her World Championship Series commitment, Charayron did not take part in the \"Lyonnaise\" competitions in France. In the five years from 2006 to 2010 Emmie Charayron took part in 24 ITU competitions and achieved 16 top ten positions, among which 11 medals. In the ITU ranking of the year 2010 \"(Women's Standing)\" Charayron was number 22 among the best 63 female U23 triathletes of the world, although she took part in only one race. The following list is based upon the official ITU rankings and the athlete's \"Profile Page.\" Unless indicated otherwise, the following competitions are triathlons and belong to the \"Elite\" category. BG = the sponsor \"British Gas\" • DNS = \"did not start\" • DNF = \"did not finish\" Emmie Charayron Emmie Charayron (born 17 January 1990 in Lyon), the common form used also by the ITU for Emma Charayron, is a French professional triathlete, European Champion of the year 2011, ten times French Champion in various age categories, and both European and World Champion in the Junior class of the year 2009, and U23 World Championship bronze medalist of the year 2010. Charayron is part of ECS Triathlon club and she a member of the French Military Triathlon team \"(Equipe de France militaire de triathlon),\" which is part of the \"Ecoles militaires de Draguignan\" (EMD), and holds"
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"1st Infantry Division (Greece) The 1st Infantry Division \"Smyrni\" () is an historic and elite division of the Hellenic Army. It was founded in 1897 as an infantry division and has fought in all major conflicts in which Greece has been involved. During the Balkan Wars, it acquired the sobriquet \"Iron Division\" (). It is currently headquartered in Veroia, Macedonia. Despite its title, it is no longer a conventional infantry division, but a formation comprising the various special forces of the Hellenic Army - a role similar to that once held by the now disbanded 3rd Special Forces Division. The 1st Infantry Division was established in Larissa on 19 March 1897 before the outbreak of, and in response to, the Greco-Turkish War. Formed, predominantly, from personnel recruited from Thessaly, it originally comprised two infantry brigades (1st and 2nd) and three Evzone battalions, and was tasked with the defence of the frontier from the Thermaic Gulf (near the Tria Platania heights) to the Bogazi pass, near Tyrnavos. Based in Rapsani, on the division's right flank, was the Nezeros Detachment (Απόσπασμα Νεζερού), consisting of the three Evzone battalions and two companies from the 5th Infantry Regiment. The left flank, from Godoman to Bogazi, was controlled by the 2nd Infantry Brigade, based at Tyrnavos. The 1st Infantry Brigade was kept in reserve at Larissa. Divisional Command, under Major-General Nikolaos Makris, was also based in Larissa. On 4 April 1897, an exchange of fire between soldiers from opposing outposts at Bairaktari gradually escalated to skirmishes along the frontier in the Rapsani sector. The next morning, the Nezerou Detachment launched a major attack, captured most of the Turkish outposts and forced a retreat along the line. Turkish counter-attacks were held back on the flanks, but the three Greek battalions defending the center were soon overwhelmed by twenty-two Turkish battalions and five artillery batteries. Greek forces quickly retreated to Mati, leaving the Melouna Pass undefended. As a result, the 2nd Infantry Brigade was also forced to retreat to Mati. The Nezeros Detachment was again forced to abandon its positions near Mati on 9 April 1897 and retreat towards the Pineios River. The battle at Deleria on 11 April 1897 resulted in a defeat for the division, which continued their retreat towards Larissa. The 1st Infantry Division, beaten and demoralized, marched towards Farsala where on 23 April 1897, the Turkish Army attacked the Greek 1st and 2nd Brigades on the northern outskirts of the town. In danger of being cut-off and surrounded, the division was able to regroup and retreat to Domokos where they formed a defensive line on the right flank of the Greek Army. Led by the 3rd Infantry Division, the Turkish offensive on the right flank of the Greek 1st Infantry Division on 5 May 1897 forced a Greek retreat, again, towards Vouzi. The division's center, under attack by the Turkish 6th Infantry Division, also retreated. However, on the left flank, the Greek units were able to defend successfully against the Turkish 2nd Infantry Division. Another Turkish attack on the left flank on 6 May 1897 was repelled, but the 1st Infantry Division was ordered to retreat to, and hold the line, at Lamia. A ceasefire was agreed at midday on 7 May 1897. The 1st Infantry Division had lost 232 killed and 842 wounded. Greece's defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 had highlighted the many deficiencies of the Greek military. Through the efforts of Georgios Theotokis and Eleftherios Venizelos plans were put in place to modernize and improve the capabilities of the Greek Army, eventually leading to French involvement and the adoption of the triangular division. At the outbreak of the First Balkan War, under the command of Major-General Emmanouil Manousogiannakis, the 1st Infantry Division was attached to the Army of Thessaly. The division comprised the following units: On 5 October 1912, the division moved to, and recaptured, the Melouna Pass. The engagement resulted in the first casualties for the newly reorganized division (9 killed, 20 wounded). Ordered to defend the Tyrnavos-Kazaklar sector while the rest of the Greek Army mobilized, the 1st Division was reinforced by four Evzone battalions. On 6 October 1912, the division attacked well-entrenched Turkish positions on the northern outskirts of Elassona. The battle was hard-fought, with victory for the Greeks secured when forces on the division's right flank captured Turkish positions on the Tsaritsani heights. The Turks were soon forced to abandon their positions around the town. The 1st Division then marched toward Sarantaporo, arriving in the area on the night of 8 October 1912. The Ottoman VIII Corps, ordered to halt the Greek Army's advance north, had retreated and regrouped around the town. On 9 October 1912, during the Battle of Sarantaporo, the 1st Infantry Division, along with the 2nd and 3rd divisions, began a full frontal assault on Turkish positions. Withstanding heavy casualties during their advance, primarily due to accurate Turkish artillery barrage, the 1st Division managed to capture a shoulder and two nearby hillocks. On the division's right wing, the Konstantinopoulos Evzone Detachment (Απόσπασμα Ευζώνων Κωνσταντινόπουλου) was able to advance and capture Turkish positions at Livadi. The Greek 4th Infantry Division, in the meantime, had broken through Turkish lines on the western flank and captured the Porta Pass. On the night of 9 October 1912 Turkish forces, taking advantage of the bad weather, retreated and escaped encirclement. A Turkish battalion remained, facing the Konstantinopoulos Detachment's positions at Livadi, oblivious to their comrades' retreat. On the morning of 10 October 1912, the Evzones attacked the Turks, forcing them to retreat to Neochori. The two-day battle had cost the 1st Infantry Division 53 killed (5 officers and 48 enlisted) and 399 wounded (12 officers and 387 enlisted). The 1st Infantry Division was ordered to the area between Lake Volvi and Lake Langada, east of Thessaloniki, at the outbreak of the Second Balkan War. On 19 June 1913, the division assaulted Bulgarian positions at Ossa, taking the town the same day. The assault cost the division 9 killed and 79 wounded. The following day, with the arrival of the 6th Infantry Division, which had just lost 530 men in the successful capture of the Dichalo-Klepe line, two divisions marched north to engage the Bulgarian Army, which had heavily entrenched itself around Lahanas. The 1st Infantry Division assaulted and captured Vertiskos, then joined its left flank with the 6th Division’s right, which had arrived from the west. On 20 June 1913 the two divisions attacked the main Bulgarian defensive lines at Lachanas while encountering a heavy barrage from well-positioned Bulgarian artillery. The Bulgarians tenaciously defended their positions, repelling Greek attacks until night, when there was a break in the battle. On the morning of 21 June 1913, the 5th Infantry Regiment was ordered to detach and prepare to move to assist Greek forces engaged at Kilkis. The Bulgarians, observing the Greek 3/5 Battalion’s withdrawal, launched an attack on the 1/5 Battalion’s positions near the town of Kydonia, forcing it to retreat with heavy losses. The commander of the 5th Infantry Regiment, seeing the town fall, took personal command of the 2/5 Battalion and launched a successful counter-attack on the advancing Bulgarians. On the afternoon of 21 June 1913 the two Greek divisions, in coordination with artillery, launched an assault on the defensive lines of the Bulgarians, forcing their disorderly retreat towards the River Strymon. The 1st Infantry Division lost 11 officers and 180 enlisted soldiers killed in the engagement, including the commander of the 4th Infantry Regiment – Colonel Ioannis Papakyriazis. The wounded were 30 officers and 836 enlisted soldiers, with 211 missing in action. Soon after the battle, the 1st,",
"an attack on the 1/5 Battalion’s positions near the town of Kydonia, forcing it to retreat with heavy losses. The commander of the 5th Infantry Regiment, seeing the town fall, took personal command of the 2/5 Battalion and launched a successful counter-attack on the advancing Bulgarians. On the afternoon of 21 June 1913 the two Greek divisions, in coordination with artillery, launched an assault on the defensive lines of the Bulgarians, forcing their disorderly retreat towards the River Strymon. The 1st Infantry Division lost 11 officers and 180 enlisted soldiers killed in the engagement, including the commander of the 4th Infantry Regiment – Colonel Ioannis Papakyriazis. The wounded were 30 officers and 836 enlisted soldiers, with 211 missing in action. Soon after the battle, the 1st, along with the 6th and 7th divisions, were formed into an Army Section with the purpose of discovering and eliminating Bulgarian forces in the area around Sidirokastro. Commanded by Major-General Emmanouil Manousogiannakis, the section began its mission on 26 June 1913, fighting its way towards Sidirokastron and eventually taking the town. However, the Bulgarian 3rd Infantry Division managed to escape capture by retreating through the Rupel Pass. The two-day battle cost the 1st Division 4 killed, 75 wounded and 36 missing. Bulgarian forces regrouped at Kresna Gorge to avoid encirclement with orders to hold the line along Ruggen, Kresna and Pirin. Greek GHQ ordered four divisions, including the 1st, to find a way to break through the Bulgarian line. During the Battle of Kresna Gorge, the 1st Infantry Division managed to drive back the Bulgarian rear-guard and capture a foothold at the southern end of the Kresna pass. The Bulgarian 2nd and 4th Armies, recently arrived from the Serbian front, ambushed Greek forces but were soon beaten back. The 1st Division advanced towards the stronghold of Simitli, which it captured after a two-day battle and the loss of 42 killed and 349 wounded. On the afternoon of 11 May 1919, the commander of the 1st Infantry Division, Colonel Nikolaos Zafeiriou, received orders to mobilize the division for deployment at the port of Kavala. As a component of the I Army Corps, the division consisted of the following units: On 15 May 1919, the division landed at Smyrna. The 1/38 Evzone Regiment was forced to land north of where it was to be stationed and had to march southward, past the Ottoman Konak and Turkish barracks. A shot was fired by Turkish journalist Hasan Tahsin, killing the Greek standard-bearer and resulting in the Greek troops attacking the Konak and barracks, whose troops surrendered and were subsequently escorted to a prison ship. The incident was the catalyst for an outbreak of violence and disorder in the city, which lasted for days. The first phase of the Asia Minor Campaign had begun. The 1st Infantry Division was soon ordered to occupy the Vilayet of Aydin in the Menderes River (Meander) valley (including the towns of Aydın, Manisa and Turgutlu). On 27 June 1919 a Greek patrol, from one of the two Greek regiments based at Aydın, was attacked by irregular Turkish forces of Yörük Ali Efe at Malgaç train station, south of the town. In retaliation, surrounding villages were burned by Greek detachments but they were soon repulsed and pushed back towards Aydin. Surrounded and under heavy attack by the Turks, Greek soldiers evacuated on 30 June 1919, allowing Yörük Ali's irregulars to take control of the town. With the help of reinforcements sent by General Nider, the Greeks recaptured Aydin on 4 July 1919. Most of the casualties in the Battle of Aydın were civilians, both Turkish and Greek, victims of atrocities by Greek soldiers and Turkish irregulars, respectively. Between March and June 1920 the 1st Division had moved to the northern edge of the Smyrna Zone in preparation for a major offensive on 10 June 1920. Units of the Greek I Army Corps began their attack on Turkish forces, the 1st Division advancing towards the Ovacik-Keles-Chaous Dag line. The offensive, which inflicted heavy losses on the Ottoman Army, saw Greek forces advance and secure the area as far east as Alaşehir. Less than a week after the Treaty of Sèvres, the Greek I Army Corps advanced to Uşak, with the 1st Division establishing its headquarters at Buladan. Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos was voted out of power on 1 November 1920, forcing his withdrawal from politics. With the recall of King Constantine I on 6 December 1920 by a plebiscite, the anti-Venizelists took the opportunity to dismiss many experienced, yet pro-Venizelist, officers from their commands in Asia Minor, replacing them with inexperienced, but politically reliable, officers. The emblem depicts a \"tsaroúhi\", the traditional footwear of the Evzones, and a bayonet. The motto of the I Infantry Division is \"(Like The) Wind\" (|translit=Aéra), the traditional battle cry of Greek infantrymen when attacking the enemy. 1st Infantry Division (Greece) The 1st Infantry Division \"Smyrni\" () is an historic and elite division of the Hellenic Army. It was founded in 1897 as an infantry division and has fought in all major conflicts in which Greece has been involved. During the Balkan"
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"Heron Park Heron Park is located south of Old Ottawa South. Its boundaries are the Rideau River to the north, the Sawmill Creek to the west, Bank Street to the east, Walkley Road to the south. The neighbourhood is divided by Heron Road but is considered all one neighbourhood. The city of Ottawa refers to the neighbourhood as Clementine, and the northern half of the neighbourhood is sometimes called Billings Bridge. The total population of the neighbourhood is 3,829 (Canada 2011 Census). As well it includes the natural beauty of the pathways beside the Sawmill Creek. Many neighbourhood businesses line Bank Street like the Blue Heron Mall which includes Farm Boy, Icheban Bakery, M&M Meats, Colonnade Pizza. Community Association meetings are held on the first Thursday of most months at 7pm in the Community Centre at Heron Park. Heron Park Heron Park is located south of Old Ottawa South. Its boundaries are the Rideau River to the north, the Sawmill Creek to the west, Bank Street to the east, Walkley Road to the south. The neighbourhood is divided by Heron Road but is considered all one neighbourhood. The city of Ottawa refers to the neighbourhood as Clementine, and the northern"
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"Saenger (crater) Saenger is an ancient lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the eastern limb. To the west-northwest is the crater Erro, and due north lies Moiseev. To the northeast is Al-Khwarizmi. The outer rim of Saenger has been eroded and reshaped by subsequent impacts, leaving the outer wall nearly destroyed to the north and south. The satellite crater Saenger D is adjacent to the interior of the northeastern rim. To the west, Saenger V lies across the northwestern rim, while the crater pair Saenger P and Q lie across and intrude into the southwestern rim. In contrast, the interior floor is relatively flat and featureless, with only tiny craterlets to mark the surface. By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Saenger. Saenger (crater) Saenger is an ancient lunar impact crater that lies on the far side of the Moon, just beyond the eastern limb. To the west-northwest is the crater Erro, and due north lies Moiseev. To the northeast is Al-Khwarizmi. The outer rim of Saenger has been eroded and reshaped by subsequent impacts,"
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"Robot Renegades The Robot Renegades are a robotic team in the DC Comics universe. Seeking the supremacy of machines over humans, they first appeared as a team in \"Metal Men\" #2 (2007). In \"Metal Men\" #3, they would assist Will Magnus in defeating the Death Metal Men, although purely for their own reasons. \"U.N.I.O.N.\" – A union of nanobots that can concentrate themselves into \"one\" single massive robot or \"disperse\" themselves in order to infiltrate other machines. Later inhabited the body of a robot duplicate of T. O. Morrow, and though repeated requests to be exposed to the Karmarak's radiation to escape it, he was denied it by the Metal Men as the same radiation would have reawakened the Death Metal Men. \"Warbox\" – The walking Arsenal. Its head is shaped like a bear's. A reel-to-reel tape player is attached to its chest (It says it \"can't fight without music\"). L-Ron implies he was commissioned for a Japanese singer. \"Body X\" – A mechanical brain in a living woman's body. It sacrificed the woman's body in \"Metal Men\" #3 in order to destroy the Death Metal Men. \"L-Ron\" – Alien robot – formerly a heroic ally to the Justice League, now standing against humanity for unknown reasons. \"Manhunter Lud\" – Part of the proto peacekeepers of the universe, the Manhunters, he has an eyepatch over his right eye. Later revealed to be an agent of The Nameless, covering the Nameless' signature Eye of Ra emblem under his eyepatch. Robot Renegades The Robot Renegades are a robotic team in the DC Comics universe. Seeking the supremacy of machines over humans, they first appeared as a team in \"Metal Men\" #2 (2007). In \"Metal Men\" #3, they would assist Will Magnus in defeating the Death Metal Men, although purely for their own"
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"Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Quantum Computation and Quantum Information is a textbook about quantum information science written by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, regarded as a standard text on the subject. It is informally known as \"Mike and Ike\", after the candies of that name. The book assumes minimal prior experience with quantum mechanics and with computer science, aiming instead to be a self-contained introduction to the relevant features of both. (Lov Grover recalls a postdoc disparaging it with the remark, \"The book is too elementary — it starts off with the assumption that the reader does not even know quantum mechanics.\") The focus of the text is on theory, rather than the experimental implementations of quantum computers, which are discussed more briefly. , the book has been cited over 31,000 times on Google Scholar. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information Quantum Computation and Quantum Information is a textbook about quantum information science written by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, regarded as a standard text on the subject. It is informally known as \"Mike and Ike\", after the candies of that name. The book assumes minimal prior experience with quantum mechanics and with computer science, aiming instead to be a"
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"Amateur pornography Amateur pornography is a category of pornography that features models, actors or non-professionals performing without pay, or actors for whom this material is not their only paid modeling work. \"Reality pornography\" is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography. Amateur porn has been called one of the most profitable and long-lasting genres of pornography. The introduction of Polaroid cameras in the 1960s allowed true amateurs to self-produce pornographic photography immediately and without the need for sending them to a film processor, who might have reported them as violations of obscenity laws. One of the more significant increases in amateur pornographic photography came with the advent of the internet, image scanners, digital cameras, and more recently camera phones. These have enabled people to take private photos and then share the images almost instantly, without the need for expensive distribution, and this has resulted in an ever-growing variety and quantity of material. It has also been argued that in the Internet age it has become more socially acceptable to make and view amateur porn. Starting in the 1990s, pornographic images were shared and exchanged via online services such as America Online (AOL). Photo sharing sites such as Flickr and social networking sites such as MySpace have also been used to share amateur pornographic photographs usually nudes but also hardcore photos. A more private and easy to control method of sharing photos is through Yahoo or Google Groups which have access restricted to group members. Recently it has come to attention the potential dangers to teenagers or children, who may be unaware of the consequences, using their camera phones to make videos and images which are then shared amongst their friends (\"see\" sexting). Images initially meant to be shared between couples can now be spread around the world. The result is now a small but growing amount of online amateur porn depicting underage models, created by the young people themselves. Before the advent of camcorders and VHS tapes couples had to film themselves using Super 8 film which then had to be sent for film processing. This was both expensive and risky as the processing laboratory might report the film to the police depending on their local laws. Amateur pornography began to rapidly increase in the 1980s, with the camcorder revolution, when people began recording their sex lives and watching the results on VCRs. These home movies were initially shared for free, often under the counter at the local video store. Homegrown Video was the first company to release and distribute these types of amateur adult videos commercially. They were established in 1982, and AVN magazine ranked Homegrown Video #1 among the 50 most influential adult titles ever made because it resulted in the creation of the amateur pornography genre in adult video. Several people who sent their tapes to Homegrown Video became professional porn stars, including Stephanie Swift, Melissa Hill, Rayveness, and Meggan Mallone. In 1991, in response to a \"Boston Glob\"e investigation, video store proprietors reported that between 20 and 60% of video rentals and sales were of adult amateur home video films. One highly publicized case was that of Kathy Willets and her husband Jeffrey in 1991. Jeffrey was a deputy sheriff in Broward County, Florida who had recorded his \"nymphomaniac\" wife's sexual exploits with up to eight men a day. Unfortunately, he was charging up to $150 an hour and had also taped some significant local figures and so the two were arrested and charged with prostitution. Ellis Rubin acted as defense council and contended that Willets' nymphomania was caused by the use of Prozac. In the end, they pleaded guilty and both were convicted, although Kathy has gone on to a career in the adult film industry. The term 'realcore' has been used to describe digital amateur porn, which arose due to the combination of cheap digital cameras and the World Wide Web in the late 90s. The term refers both to how porn is made, with simple cameras and a documentary style, and how it is distributed, mostly for free, in web communities or Usenet newsgroups. The term was invented by Sergio Messina, who first used it at the Ars Electronica Symposium in 2000, and was subsequently adopted by a number of authors and experts. Messina has written a book on the subject, entitled \"Realcore, the digital porno revolution\". Amateur porn has also influenced the rise of the celebrity sex tape, featuring stars like Pamela Anderson, Paris Hilton, and . The increase of free amateur porn \"tube sites\" has allowed homemade films to be uploaded across multiple tube sites on the internet, for example PornHub or Real College Amateurs. Due to the popularity of social networks, people can also connect with other amateur porn enthusiasts to discuss and share their sex life on platforms solely for this purpose. There are sites with an open or \"closed until verification\" community where you can freely share your own pictures or watch amateurs videos directly from those who record them. The internet has also affected amateur authors sharing their pornographic stories. Text is much easier to disseminate than images and so from the early 1990s amateurs were contributing stories to usenet groups such as alt.sex.stories and also to online repositories. While most commercial sites charge for image content, story content is usually free to view and is funded by pop-up or banner advertising. Story submission and rating depends on registration as a user, but this is also usually free. Example sites include Literotica, True Dirty Stories and Lust Library. Candaulism is a sexual practice or fantasy in which a man exposes his female partner or images of her, to other people for their voyeuristic pleasure. The advent of amateur and self-produced pornography has given rise to civil suits and newly identified and defined criminal activity. So called \"revenge porn\" gained awareness in the late 2000s in the press through initial lawsuits by victims who had images and video of them either nude or in intimate acts posted on the internet. If the video or images in question are of individuals who are minors, including material created by the subject (ex. selfies, etc.), investigation by law enforcement can lead to charges for child pornography as has happened in cases involving sexting. Like traditional magazine and VHS/DVD-based pornography, Internet pornography has long been a profitable venture. However, with the rise of Web 2.0 ventures and amateur pornography, websites based upon the YouTube platform of user-generated content and video sharing have become highly popular. By January 2008 a search for \"porn\" and \"tube\" returned 8.3 million results on Yahoo and 8.5 million on MSN. (By October 2017 searches for \"porn\" and \"tube\" returned 23 million results on Google. By March 2017 searches for \"porn\" and \"tube\" returned 1420 million results on Google.). Video hosting service \"tube\" websites feature free user-uploaded amateur pornography, and have become the most visited pornography websites on the internet. Since the content of these websites is entirely free and of reasonably high quality, and because most of the videos are full-length instead of short clips, these websites have sharply cut in to the profits of pornographic paysites and traditional magazine and DVD-based pornography. The profits of tube-site owners are also squeezed in an increasingly crowded market, with the number of sites constantly growing. Amateur pornography Amateur pornography is a category of pornography that features models, actors or non-professionals performing without pay, or actors for whom this material is not their only paid modeling work. \"Reality pornography\" is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography. Amateur porn has been called one of the most profitable and",
"Since the content of these websites is entirely free and of reasonably high quality, and because most of the videos are full-length instead of short clips, these websites have sharply cut in to the profits of pornographic paysites and traditional magazine and DVD-based pornography. The profits of tube-site owners are also squeezed in an increasingly crowded market, with the number of sites constantly growing. Amateur pornography Amateur pornography is a category of pornography that features models, actors or non-professionals performing without pay, or actors for whom this material is not their only paid modeling work. \"Reality pornography\" is professionally made porn which seeks to emulate the style of amateur pornography. Amateur porn has been called one of the most profitable and long-lasting genres of pornography. The introduction of Polaroid cameras in the 1960s allowed true amateurs to self-produce pornographic photography immediately and without"
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"Truth In Aging Truth in Aging is an American website founded by Marta Wohrle in January 2008. It is published by Accord Media and features photos by A.E Fletcher Photography. The site publishes independent reviews of anti-aging and beauty products and cosmetics by having reviewers assessing and interpreting all of their ingredients. Their stated focus is on natural, eco-friendly products that do not use harmful ingredients that act as irritants, pollutants or carcinogenics. Truth In Aging accepts no payments for their reviews and makes full disclosure when a product has been supplied by a marketer. They review everything from anti-aging serums, anti-aging treatments, beauty and skin products, and haircare and health products and treatments. Products are for men and women and given a 30-day testing period before reviews are written, giving readers and honest, genuine, and helpful review. In June 2009, the Federal Trade Commission stated that it will issue new guidelines allowing it to prosecute bloggers who fail to reveal when a product they recommend has been given to them for free by a marketer. Truth in Aging promotes products that they review as \"Reviewed and Recommended\" and if they are strongly endorsed by the reviewers from the Truth In Aging community, the product is sold in the Truth In Aging online store. In this way, the community is curating its own commerce experience. Truth In Aging also makes a selection of its own products under the Truth Vitality brand. These include the True Volume hair products featuring copper peptides and the FDA-cleared Lux Renew anti-aging device with ultrasound and LED light. Truth In Aging's founder, Marta Wohrle, was named one of WE Magazine's \"101 Women Bloggers to Watch in 2008\" for her work on the site. In 2008, Wohrle told the Gilbane Report that, \"An important new role for editors is to provide context for the reader to help them explore topics further and to provide links to other varied yet reputable sources to provide the reader with a balanced view on their area of interest.\" Prior to founding Truth In Aging, Marta Wohrle was SVP of Digital Media at Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. where she was named one of Ad Age's \"Women to Watch\" in 2007. Truth In Aging Truth in Aging is an American website founded by Marta Wohrle in January 2008. It is published by Accord Media and features photos by A.E Fletcher Photography. The"
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"Coal River Locks, Dams, and Log Booms Archeological District Coal River Locks, Dams, and Log Booms Archeological District is a national historic district and historic archaeological site located on the Coal River in Boone, Lincoln, and Kanawha County, West Virginia. It consists of an underwater resource depicting the navigation and transportation system used on the Coal River during the late-19th and early-20th century. It includes remains of timber cribs, locks and dams, and a lock master house. It was designed by William Rosecrans in the mid-1850s, and was one of the first complete lock and dam systems in West Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Coal River Locks, Dams, and Log Booms Archeological District Coal River Locks, Dams, and Log Booms Archeological District is a national historic district and historic archaeological site located on the Coal River in Boone, Lincoln, and Kanawha County, West Virginia. It consists of an underwater resource depicting the navigation and transportation system used on the Coal River during the late-19th and early-20th century. It includes remains of timber cribs, locks and dams, and a lock master house. It was designed by William Rosecrans in the mid-1850s, and was"
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"Catherine Dauvergne Catherine Dauvergne is the Dean of the Peter A. Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia since 2015. Prior to this Dauvergne researched refugee, immigration, and citizenship law as a professor. Dauvergne studied law at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and clerked for Chief Justice Antonio Lamer. She completed her PhD at the Australian National University and was a member of the Faculty of Law at the University of Sydney for four years before returning to Canada. From 2002 to 2012, Dauvergne held the Canada Research Chair in Migration Law at UBC. Dauvergne's 2008 book \"Making People Illegal: What Globalization Means for Migration and Law\" (Cambridge University Press) has been reprinted three times. She has also worked as a Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation Fellow. Catherine Dauvergne Catherine Dauvergne is the Dean of the Peter A. Allard School of Law at the University of British Columbia since 2015. Prior to this Dauvergne researched refugee, immigration, and citizenship law as a professor. Dauvergne studied law at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and clerked for Chief Justice Antonio Lamer. She completed her PhD at the Australian National University and was a member of the Faculty of"
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"Lopburi Solar Farm The Lopburi Solar Farm is a 55-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station in Lopburi Province, Thailand. The plant was constructed over a period of 18 months beginning in 2010 with a loan of US$70 million (two billion baht) from the Asian Development Bank, and was expected to generate 105 GWh/year. An additional 11 MW were added to the initial capacity of 73.16 MW in May 2013. Thailand used 145,300.19 GWh in 2009. The original cost estimate was US$271 million. A 2014 review of the activity reported that the project had concluded two years of successful activity. The review classified the project as \"highly successful\". Lopburi Solar Farm The Lopburi Solar Farm is a 55-megawatt (MW) photovoltaic power station in Lopburi Province, Thailand. The plant was constructed over a period of 18 months beginning in 2010 with a loan of US$70 million (two billion baht) from the Asian Development Bank, and was expected to generate 105 GWh/year. An additional 11 MW were added to the initial capacity of 73.16 MW in May 2013. Thailand used 145,300.19 GWh in 2009. The original cost estimate was US$271 million. A 2014 review of the activity reported that the project had concluded two"
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"Richard Bacon (politician) Richard Michael Bacon (born 3 December 1962, Solihull) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for South Norfolk since 2001. Bacon was educated at The King's School, Worcester and at the London School of Economics and Political Science, gaining a First in politics and economics. He was also executive editor of the student newspaper, \"The Beaver\". He worked variously in investment banking, financial journalism and public relations consultancy, before setting up his own business advising blue chip international companies on communications. Bacon joined the Conservative Party in 1978. In 1997, he unsuccessfully contested the South-London constituency of Vauxhall, against the Labour incumbent, Kate Hoey. He finished in third place with 15.2% of the overall vote. Bacon was then selected for the very safe Conservative seat of South Norfolk on the retirement of its veteran MP and former Cabinet Minister, John MacGregor. He won the seat at the 2001 general election, and was returned again at the 2005 general election with an increased majority. In the 2011 district council elections his constituency lost a single Conservative seat to the Liberal Democrats resulting in a majority of 30 seats. In the 2015 general election, Bacon increased his majority for a third time, to double that of his 2001 winning margin. Bacon is a former member of the Public Accounts Committee as of 2017. Though he rarely rebels against the party line, he has consistently rebelled in votes on military action in the Middle East. In March 2003 he was one of only 15 Conservative MPs to vote against the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He stated at the time that \"I do not believe war is always wrong. If I had, I would not have served in the Territorial Army\". Following the Commons debate on Britain's response to the Syrian civil war on 29 August 2013, Bacon voted against his own party on a motion approving the use of military force \"if necessary\" (one of 30 Conservatives to do so, and the only MP to do so in his region of the UK), saying he was \"voting against the principle of military action\". In the Commons debate on intervention against ISIS in Iraq held on 26 September 2014, Bacon again voted against his own party, becoming one of only 6 Conservatives to defy the three-line whip imposed on Conservative MPs. Prior to the vote he said: \"After bombing the Middle East for much of the past twenty five years, we should have realised by now that we are making things worse\". In May 2009, Bacon was one of 15 MPs to sign a Motion of No Confidence in the House of Commons Speaker Michael Martin. He has voted against anti-terror laws, top-up fees, foundation hospitals, and the ban on fox hunting, and was one of the few Conservatives to support the Impeach Blair campaign. He is also sceptical about aspects of the climate change debate, having opposed plans to build new wind turbines in South Norfolk, claiming the scheme was not viable for the area. In February 2007, Bacon was alleged to be the politician with the highest expenditure on taxi and car hire during the previous year, a claim which he disputed and referred to the National Audit Office. Bacon was in favour of Brexit prior to the 2016 referendum. In April 2006, Bacon's questioning of Home Office officials concerning the fate of failed asylum seekers released from prison led to a major embarrassment for the Labour administration in the run-up to the local elections the following month, and the dismissal of Charles Clarke, the Home Secretary. Bacon was not actually himself in favour of the sacking of Clarke, a fellow Norfolk MP, declaring that he had always liked him, and that his questioning had been \"business, not pleasure\". In July 2006, Bacon was named \"Backbencher of the Year\" by his fellow MPs for the result of his efforts, and in November 2006, he won three more awards: \"Parliamentarian of the Year\" from the Spectator magazine, \"Politician of the Year\" from the Political Studies Association and \"Outstanding Parliamentarian of the Year\" from the ConservativeHome website. Bacon is co-author, along with Christopher Hope, Senior Political Correspondent of \"The Daily Telegraph\", of \"Conundrum: Why every government gets things wrong and what we can do about it\" (2013), an analysis of the failure of high-profile UK public sector projects, including the National Health Service IT programme and the Child Support Agency, Passport Agency, Tax Credit scheme, Rural Payments Agency and Student Loans Company. They argue that a key reason for the repeated failure of such projects is that civil servants – charged with turning the grand vision of ministers into reality – \"have been recruited on the basis of their cognitive abilities in terms of playing with ideas, not for their ability to make things happen\". Bacon was married to Victoria Panton in 2006 at St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and has two children. The couple separated in 2015 and a decree nisi was issued in January 2016. Richard Bacon (politician) Richard Michael Bacon (born 3 December 1962, Solihull) is a British Conservative Party politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for South Norfolk since 2001. Bacon was educated at The King's School, Worcester and at the London School of Economics and Political Science, gaining a First in politics and economics. He was also executive editor"
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"Shababnews Shababnews (\"Youth News\") is a television programme in Jordan. The first TV News Programme for young people in Arabic was launched on Jordan Television on April 5, 2007. \"Shababnews\" runs for half an hour every week on Thursdays at 5pm and is targeted at teenagers up to 15 years old. In a region where news is often an official 'product', it is an interesting development, following over two dozen similar programmes in Europe, some of which have been on air for over thirty years. The \"Shababnews\" programmes are available to Arabic speakers all over the world, via the web-site. The first edition of \"Shababnews\" included a report on one of the biggest local health problems confronting young people -- diabetes. A cartoon analysis of the causes of the illness was inter-cut with material from Jordan, including an interview with a young person with diabetes. The programme also reported on two 15-year-old local entrepreneurs and students from The Music and Ballet School of Baghdad reflecting on the war and violence in Iraq. Later programmes have had reports on child labour and plastic bags. \"Shababnews\" states that it aims to highlight the issues that concern young people and give space for their voices, calling for changes and improvements. It was established with funding from the Dutch government and technical assistance from Jemstone Media, a NGO active in the region for more than 12 years. The programme has been accepted as an associate member of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) network of youth news TV programmes, which means that Jordan can be a window on the Arab world for young people in Europe. The \"Shababnews\" presenters are: Mohamed al Rimawi and Malak al Khouri. The rest of the team includes: Reema Awadalah, Lana Afanah, Nahed Katatba, Alia Hattouk and Rand Jammal. The studio director is Majed abu Rabieh. Shababnews Shababnews (\"Youth News\") is a television programme in Jordan. The first TV News Programme for young people in Arabic was launched on Jordan Television on April 5, 2007. \"Shababnews\" runs for half an hour every week on Thursdays at 5pm and is targeted at teenagers up to 15 years old. In a region where news is often an official 'product', it is an interesting development, following over two dozen similar programmes in Europe, some of which have been on air for over thirty years. The \"Shababnews\" programmes are available to Arabic speakers all"
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"Charles Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon Charles James Dalrymple Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon PC (15 August 1906 – 10 September 1989) was a Scottish judge and law lord. He was the son of James Edward Shaw and his wife Gladys Elizabeth Lester. Shaw was educated at Charterhouse School and went then to Balliol College, Oxford. He finally graduated at the University of Edinburgh. On 5 April 1937, he married Ruth Caroline Grant and had by her two sons and three daughters. Shaw was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1932 and was appointed its dean in 1957. After his military service in the Second World War, he was nominated a Queen's Counsel in 1949. He was Sheriff of Ayr and Bute from 1954 and subsequently Sheriff of Perth and Angus in 1957. Two years later, he became a Senator of the College of Justice and Lord of Session, choosing the judicial title Lord Kilbrandon. Shaw chaired the Scottish Law Commission in 1965. He was appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary on 4 October 1971 and received the traditional life peerage as Baron Kilbrandon, of Kilbrandon, in the County of Argyll. In the same year he was sworn of the Privy Council. Shaw was chancellor of the Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness as well as of the Diocese of Argyll and The Isles and acted as director of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. He was chairman of the Scottish Transport Council and of the Standing Consultative Council on Youth Service in Scotland. During his career Shaw were awarded the honorary degrees of a Doctor of Laws by the University of Aberdeen and a Doctor of Science by his old alma mater, the University of Edinburgh. Gray's Inn made him an honorary bencher and Balliol College an honorary fellow. His most important contribution to public life was probably his work as chairman of Royal Commission on the Constitution (commonly referred to as the Kilbrandon Commission) from 1972. He also chaired a committee on children in trouble. Nearly all its recommendations were enacted in new bills and created the basic structures of child care practices and policies in Scotland. Charles Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon Charles James Dalrymple Shaw, Baron Kilbrandon PC (15 August 1906 – 10 September 1989) was a Scottish judge and law lord. He was the son of James Edward Shaw and his wife Gladys Elizabeth Lester. Shaw was educated at Charterhouse"
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"Anna High School (Ohio) Anna High School is a public high school in Anna, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Anna Local Schools district, which is predominantly rural. Agriculture is a major occupation among district residents, with many others working in factory production, retail businesses, and at the Honda Anna Engine Plant. A large percentage of the school district's tax revenues are received from Honda, so it is the primary tax contributor in the school district and is crucial to the district's financial stability. Anna students regularly score above state and national standards on standardized tests, and ACT scores are regularly above the national average. Anna Schools are expanding in the use of technology in its schools with students regularly using many different technologies for school work. The elementary school was designed with such technology in mind and has the wiring capability built-in to expand on that technology as new developments occur. Both district buildings are networked, have fiber-optic cables connecting the two buildings, and have access to distance learning. A wide range of extracurricular activities is available to students. Whether a student's interests are athletics, dramatics, music, or clubs; there are many excellent extracurricular choices for them. The Anna Rockets are primarily members of the Shelby County Athletic League, but are football members of the Midwest Athletic Conference. Anna is a member of the Shelby County Athletic League. They have captured more than 75 league championships in various SCAL sports. The football program started in 2000, and were an independent before joining the Cross County Conference in 2001. They were a member of the Cross County Conference for a total of 5 years, winning 2 league titles. The football team has been a member of the Midwest Athletic Conference since 2006, and they captured their first MAC title in 2018. Anna High School (Ohio) Anna High School is a public high school in Anna, Ohio. It is the only high school in the Anna Local Schools district, which is predominantly rural. Agriculture is a major occupation among district residents, with many others working in factory production, retail businesses, and at the Honda Anna Engine Plant. A large percentage of the school district's tax revenues are received from Honda, so it is the primary tax contributor in the school district and is crucial to the district's financial stability. Anna students regularly score above state and national standards"
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"Collinsia linearis Collinsia linearis is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name narrowleaf blue-eyed Mary. It is native to the coniferous forests of the Klamath Mountains in northern California and southern Oregon. It has also been seen in the Sierra Nevada. \"Collinsia linearis\" is an annual herb producing an erect stem 10 to 40 centimeters tall with narrow leaves turned under at the edges. The inflorescence is a series of nodes, each bearing 1 to 5 flowers. Each flower arises on a pedicel coated in glandular hairs. The corolla of the flower angles sharply from the calyx of sepals. It is white to purple-tinted to deep purple-blue, and sometimes bicolored. There are two upper lobes and three lower lobes, the middle lower lobe forming a pouch. Collinsia linearis Collinsia linearis is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common name narrowleaf blue-eyed Mary. It is native to the coniferous forests of the Klamath Mountains in northern California and southern Oregon. It has also been seen in the Sierra Nevada. \"Collinsia linearis\" is an annual herb producing an erect stem 10 to 40 centimeters tall with narrow leaves turned"
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"John Terpak John Basil Terpak (July 4, 1912 – June 1, 1993) was an American weightlifter and world champion. Terpak's father was Ukrainian-born and worked in Pennsylvania's coal mines. Terpak pursued weightlifting in his youth and was noticed by Bob Hoffman in 1935 when he won the Junior Nationals lightweight class in Philadelphia. Hoffman recruited Terpak to work for York Barbell, where he became general manager in 1939. Terpak finished 5th at the 1936 Summer Olympics and 4th at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He won a gold medal at the 1937 World Weightlifting Championships and 1947 World Weightlifting Championships, a bronze medal at the 1938 World Weightlifting Championships, and a silver medal at the 1946 World Weightlifting Championships. He was U.S. Olympic coach in 1968 and 1972. He was also a coach for two-time Olympic champion Charles Vinci. In December 1969, Terpak and weightlifters Bob Hoffman, Joe Dube, and Bob Bednarski from the 1968 Summer Olympics met with President Richard Nixon for seven minutes at the White House along with Pennsylvania congressman George Atlee Goodling. He was a vice president, CEO, and chairman of the board at York Barbell. John Terpak John Basil Terpak (July 4, 1912 – June 1,"
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"2010 Colorado Buffaloes football team The 2010 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by fifth-year head coach Dan Hawkins for the first nine games and interim head coach Brian Cabral for the final three games. Colorado played their homes game at Folsom Field. It was also the final season as members the Big 12 Conference in the North Division for Colorado, before joining the Pac-12 Conference for the 2011 season. The Buffaloes failed to qualify for a bowl game, as they finished the season 5–7, 2–6 in Big 12 play. Colorado honored the 1990 national championship team during the week. Fifth-year Head Coach Dan Hawkins was fired on November 9, 2010 by Colorado Athletic Director Mike Bohn. Three days prior to the dismissal, Hawkins' 3-5 (0-4) Buffaloes suffered a fourth quarter meltdown that saw the 2-6 (0-4) Kansas Jayhawks overcome a 28-point deficit and outscore Colorado 35-0 in the final 11:05 of the game. It was the biggest collapse in Colorado football history. Hawkins had never secured a winning season during his tenure at Colorado, finishing with a record of 19-39 and in the midst of a 17-game road losing streak. Bohn promoted Associate Head Coach Brian Cabral to fill in as interim Head Coach for the remainder of the 2010 season, as the University prepared for national search to replace Hawkins. 2010 Colorado Buffaloes football team The 2010 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team was coached by fifth-year head coach Dan Hawkins for the first nine games and interim head coach Brian Cabral for the final three games. Colorado played their homes game at Folsom Field. It was also"
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"Ernst Ranke Ernst Constantin Ranke (10 September 1814, Wiehe – 30 July 1888, Marburg an der Lahn) was a German Protestant theologian; since 1850, a professor of church history. He was the brother of historian Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), theologian Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (1798–1876) and philologist Karl Ferdinand Ranke (1802–1876). He studied theology in Leipzig, Berlin and Bonn, and later became a pastor in the town of Buchau. From 1850 onward, he was a full professor of theology at Marburg University, where he taught classes in church history and New Testament exegesis. In 1865/1866 he served as university rector. He was a councillor of the Lutheran consistory with great impact to the issues of the Church of Hesse-Cassel. He wrote poems and published translations of the Bible and books of songs. Ernst Ranke Ernst Constantin Ranke (10 September 1814, Wiehe – 30 July 1888, Marburg an der Lahn) was a German Protestant theologian; since 1850, a professor of church history. He was the brother of historian Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886), theologian Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (1798–1876) and philologist Karl Ferdinand Ranke (1802–1876). He studied theology in Leipzig, Berlin and Bonn, and later became a pastor in the town of Buchau. From"
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"Marangaroo Drive Marangaroo Drive is an arterial east-west road located in the northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. This road was originally part of Warwick Road, but in the late 1970s, Warwick road was realigned, so the section of Warwick Road that was east of Wanneroo Road was discontinuous with the part that was west. The part that was east was renamed Marangaroo Drive, after the suburb Marangaroo. Marangaroo Drive is now extended through the suburb of Ballajura so it connects with Hepburn Avenue. Marangaroo Drive is now part of state route 81, which Warwick Road is also a part of, connected by a small part of Wanneroo road. This route connects the coastal suburbs of Sorrento and Marmion with Ballajura. Marangaroo Drive is almost entirely a 4 lane dual carriageway with a brief section that is 2 lane around the roundabout with Illawarra Crescent in Ballajura. It passes through mostly residential areas, also passing by Newpark Shopping Center, Girrawheen Senior High School and Koondoola Regional Bushland. Marangaroo Drive Marangaroo Drive is an arterial east-west road located in the northern suburbs of Perth, Western Australia. This road was originally part of Warwick Road, but in the late 1970s, Warwick road"
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"Oakey Streak Methodist Episcopal Church Oakey Streak Methodist Episcopal Church is a historic church in Butler County, Alabama. The congregation was organized in 1831, and the land where the current church sits was given to the church in 1851. A log building was erected soon after, replaced by the current frame structure around the 1880s. The church was expanded and a bell tower was added in 1903. Along with the adjacent Masonic Lodge, which was demolished in the 1940s, the church was the social center of the area. The church is built in Gothic Revival style, common among rural churches, and especially Methodist churches, in the South. The sanctuary is 32 feet wide by 48 feet long (9.8 by 14.6 m), with a front-facing gable roof and a box cornice with returns. The pyramidal roofed bell tower has a narrow one-over-one sash windows on each side, and a double entry door, covered by a simple pedimented overhang. An arched transom sits above the entryway. The tower is flanked by two Gothic lancet windows. Each side of the sanctuary has four equally-spaced two-over-two sashes. The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Oakey Streak Methodist Episcopal"
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"John Chipman Gray John Chipman Gray (July 14, 1839 – February 25, 1915) was an American scholar of property law and professor at Harvard Law School. He also founded the law firm Ropes & Gray, with law partner John Codman Ropes. He was half-brother to U.S. Supreme Court justice Horace Gray. Gray was a graduate of Boston Latin School. From there, he went on to Harvard University, where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1859, and Harvard Law School, where he earned his law degree in 1861. He was admitted to the bar in 1862, and thereafter served in the Union Army in the American Civil War. He enlisted from Boston as a 2nd lieutenant in Company B, 4th Battalion, Massachusetts Infantry on 27 May 1862, was mustered out a few days later, and commissioned into Company H, 3rd Massachusetts Cavalry on 7 October 1862. He left that unit to accept a commission as a major in the U.S. Volunteers Adjutant General Department on 25 July 1864. Gray was wounded at the Third Battle of Winchester on 19 September 1864, and resigned from the Army on 14 July 1865. In 1865, after the end of the Civil War, Gray established his law practice in Boston, Massachusetts, which would eventually evolve into the modern firm of Ropes and Gray. In 1869, he began teaching at Harvard Law School, first as a lecturer, and became a full professor in 1875. In 1883, he was named Royall Professor of Law (a chair named for Isaac Royall, Jr.), a position he would hold for 20 years. He received honorary Doctor of Laws degrees from Yale University in 1894, and from Harvard in 1895. Two years after retiring from teaching, he died at Boston, Massachusetts on February 25, 1915. Gray wrote two books on future interests, \"Restraints on the Alienation of Property\" (1883), and \"The Rule against Perpetuities\" (1886). His best known work is his survey of the common law, \"The Nature and Sources of the Law\" (1909). Gray's writings were so influential that they are still used in American law schools and cited in law journals to this day. John Chipman Gray John Chipman Gray (July 14, 1839 – February 25, 1915) was an American scholar of property law and professor at Harvard Law School. He also founded the law firm Ropes & Gray, with law partner John Codman Ropes. He was"
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"Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis Cedar-Riverside, also referred to as the West Bank, or simply Riverside, is a neighborhood within Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are the Mississippi River to the north and east, Interstate 94 to the south, and Hiawatha Avenue and Interstate 35W to the west. It has a longstanding tradition of cultural diversity and settlement, with a robust arts tradition. Cedar-Riverside is one of the most diverse areas in Minneapolis-St. Paul. It is home to a number of the 100 or so different languages that are spoken in the Twin Cities. A vibrant neighborhood, it boasts many restaurants, cafés, bars, and venues for performance art and music. The Cedar-Riverside neighborhood is historically known for its immigrant population, beginning in the late 1940s post-World War II with immigrants from eastern Europe. With the arrival of many new Cambodian, Somali, and especially Latino immigrants, hospitals now also offer services in other languages to accommodate patients whose mother tongue is not English. Employers such as Amazon have worked with the community to provide jobs and reduce the unemployment rate from 20 percent (in year 2017), with Amazon providing busing for workers to commute to its Shakopee distribution center and hired 1,500 workers from the Cedar-Riverside job center. The neighborhood is part of the University community, and is dominated by the West Bank campus of the University of Minnesota's Minneapolis campus, which includes the Law School, Carlson School of Management, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, and West Bank Arts Quarter. The East and West Bank of the U of M are connected by the Washington Avenue Bridge. The acquisition of a number of residential blocks by the University for expansion of the West Bank campus was controversial in the 1960s. The neighborhood is also home to Augsburg University, a private liberal arts college and St. Catherine University's Minneapolis campus. It is served by the Blue and Green light rail lines. It is the only neighborhood in the Twin Cities with two light rail stops. In the late 19th century, Cedar-Riverside had a sizable Scandinavian immigrant community, most of whose members labored in the Mississippi River's lumber and milling industries. It later evolved into a hub for intellectuals, hippies, radical activists, actors, musicians and artists during the 1960s and 70s. In keeping with its tradition of ethnic and cultural diversity, the neighborhood is today home to the largest immigrant community in the Twin Cities. According to U.S. Census data from the 2005 to 2010 periods, the neighborhood's race and ethnicity profile is as follows: 45.0% Black or African American, 37.1% White, 10.9% Asian or Pacific Islander, 3.4% Hispanic or Latino, 2.8% two or more races, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, and 0.2% other race. About 51.7% of residents are female and 48.3% are male. Most denizens are young (16.7% are younger than 18), with 18- to 24-year-olds and 25- to 34-year-olds, respectively, representing 41.0% and 15.4% of people in Cedar Riverside. The neighborhood's overall population has risen at a moderate but steady rate, from 6,368 in 1990 to 7,545 in 2000 to 8,094 in 2010. The median household income could not be tabulated for the 2005-2009 period due to large error margins. However, it was $18,543 in 1999. Crime statistics released by the Minneapolis Police Department for all of its neighborhoods indicate that between January and May 2012, Cedar Riverside had 134 instances of vice, mainly consisting of various forms of theft. Only one homicide was reported over this period. The neighborhood's statistics were comparable to the citywide average, and were a fraction of those of the neighborhood with the highest reported number of incidents, Downtown West. Overall, according to police, crime peaked in the period between 2002 and 2006, and has steadily declined in the following 5 years. By 2011, instances of serious crime had dropped a reported 40%. The improvement in security has been attributed to a more active police presence in the area, with officers working closely with local community organizations and residents to keep the peace. The neighborhood has been a port of entry for immigrants since Swedes, Germans, and Bohemians began arriving in large numbers during the late 19th century. Cedar Avenue became a hub of the Minneapolis Scandinavian community in the late 1800s. Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish were spoken in many of the businesses, and in the early days, stars of Swedish American vaudeville entertained at Dania Hall, Mozart Hall and The Southern Theater. There was Samuelsen’s confectionery and soda shop, Hagen's appliance store, Moberg’s Norwegian deli, and a host of other Scandinavian-owned businesses. On Cedar Avenue was Dania Hall, where the Danish community would meet. An eclectic mix of Gothic and classical styles, the building included a dining hall and kitchen in the basement, commercial space on the first floor, offices for the Society of Dania plus billiard and reading rooms on the second floor. A theater/assembly hall on the third and fourth floors featured Scandinavian vaudeville acts and weekend dances. On the corner of Cedar and Washington, just before the Washington Ave Bridge, was the Breezy Point Tavern owned by Oscar Carlsen, a Norwegian immigrant from the turn of the 20th century. Oscar had come to Minnesota to work in the lumber camps and saved a stake to buy this tavern. Where men in the community once worked in small businesses, or as skilled tradesmen, and workers for the railroad, flour mills, and breweries, Cedar-Riverside declined as a core community in the 1920s due to the impact of Prohibition on the entertainment district. Into the 1940s, Cedar-Riverside remained heavily Scandinavian. Postwar immigrants from all over Eastern Europe then settled in the area. The junction of Washington Avenue, Cedar Avenue, and 19th Avenue was known as Seven Corners. The Cedar-Riverside area had been known as \"Snoose Boulevard\" (Snusgatan) because so many Scandinavians lived there. The West Bank, with the locally infamous Seven Corners district, mouldered into a skid row scene in the 1950s. In the mid-to-late 1960s, the area became the center of the University-oriented counterculture and antiwar movement. It was home to local hippies, protesters, and other anti-establishment groups between the 1960s and early 1970s. During those days, the neighborhood was known as the \"Haight-Ashbury of the Midwest.\" The West Bank was home to McCosh's secondhand book store, a center for Beat and Hippie left-leaning bookworms, and later Things, probably the first head shop in the Twin Cities, which sold counterculture curios, anti-war buttons and posters, incense and drug paraphernalia. Marijuana, hashish and LSD were readily available in the area after about 1967. A community of hippies — and numerous students and hangers-on who emulated the hippie lifestyle (at least on weekends) — lived in old rental houses in the area and congregated at coffeehouses, such as the Extemporé, The Scholar and the Broken Drum, and at bars, such as the Triangle Bar, the Viking, Caesar's, The Mixers and the Music Bar. (The latter burned down the night Robert Kennedy was assassinated, and eventually was replaced by a \"people's park\"). The Triangle often featured performers and recording artists Dave Ray, Tony Glover and John Koerner, who had associated to some degree with Bob Dylan during his brief Minneapolis sojourn. In 1973, the Riverside Plaza apartment complex was opened. Designed by architect and Cedar-Riverside resident Ralph Rapson, the tall buildings with their signature colored panels are a Minneapolis landmark and were featured as the residence of Mary Richards in later seasons of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\". Many of the businesses that were established during that time — Martha's Antiques, the Whale Leather Shop, the Five Corners Saloon, Richter's Drug Store and",
"The Mixers and the Music Bar. (The latter burned down the night Robert Kennedy was assassinated, and eventually was replaced by a \"people's park\"). The Triangle often featured performers and recording artists Dave Ray, Tony Glover and John Koerner, who had associated to some degree with Bob Dylan during his brief Minneapolis sojourn. In 1973, the Riverside Plaza apartment complex was opened. Designed by architect and Cedar-Riverside resident Ralph Rapson, the tall buildings with their signature colored panels are a Minneapolis landmark and were featured as the residence of Mary Richards in later seasons of \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\". Many of the businesses that were established during that time — Martha's Antiques, the Whale Leather Shop, the Five Corners Saloon, Richter's Drug Store and Smith's Leather Shop — eventually went out of business, gradually giving way to newer stores and shops. However, the old Depth of Field remains. The neighborhood's past still has an influence in the present. Some of the businesses in the area harken back to an earlier time, like the worker-controlled punk hangout, Hard Times Café and the now-closed North Country Food Co-Op. In fact, some of the businesses, specifically in the Seven Corners district, use the history to promote their own business, such as the \"Legend of the Seven Switchmen.\" Fairview Hospital and St. Mary's Hospital figured prominently in the neighborhood, being only a few blocks away. Fairview and St. Mary's, which merged in 1986, later merged with the University of Minnesota Hospitals, forming a major medical complex straddling the Mississippi River. The organization is now known as University of Minnesota Medical Center. Cedar-Riverside is home to a thriving arts culture. There are many playhouses and theatre groups in the area, including the Mixed Blood Theatre Company, Theatre in the Round, and The Southern Theater. There is also a percolating music scene, with musicians frequenting venues like The Cedar Cultural Center, The Triple Rock Social Club, The Cabooze, The Red Sea, The Nomad World Pub, Acadia Cafe, and Palmer's. Additionally, the West Bank music scene is known as a catalyst for major musicians, such as Bonnie Raitt, Leo Kottke, Butch Thompson (Jazz Originals), Peter Ostroushko (Prairie Home Companion), Dave \"Snaker\" Ray (Koerner, Ray & Glover), Erik Anderson (The Wallets), Dakota Dave Hull, Sean Blackburn (Prairie Home Companion), Bill Hinkley (Minnesota Music Hall of Fame), Karen Mueller (Autoharp Hall of Fame), and, to a lesser extent, Bob Dylan. Many of these musicians also taught, performed and/or jammed at the West Bank School of Music. The Cedar Cultural Center, Extempore' Coffeehouse, Scholar Coffeehouse, New Riverside Cafe, Viking Bar, 400 Bar, 7 Corners, Whisky Junction, Cabooze and Cedarfest have likewise all been popular music venues in their time. Established in 1978, KFAI community radio has broadcast a mix of community talk radio and folk and avant-garde music from around the world from the Bailey building since 1991. The arts flavor of the area is enhanced by the presence of Augsburg University and the University of Minnesota's West Bank Arts Quarter, which is home to the University’s arts programs. Cedar Riverside also plays host to the annual Zombie Pub Crawl. In the 2005 the Minneapolis Zombie Pub Crawl began with about 100 participants. In 2011 Cedar Riverside hosted approximately 18,000 individuals for the seventh annual zombie pub crawl. Photos The New Riverside Cafe Articles Book and CD Online book Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis Cedar-Riverside, also referred to as the West Bank, or simply Riverside, is a neighborhood within Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are the Mississippi River to the north and east, Interstate 94 to the south, and Hiawatha Avenue and Interstate 35W to the west. It has a longstanding tradition of cultural diversity and settlement, with a robust arts tradition. Cedar-Riverside is one of the most diverse areas in Minneapolis-St. Paul. It is home to a number of the 100 or so different languages that are spoken in the Twin Cities. A vibrant neighborhood, it boasts many restaurants, cafés, bars,"
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"Wang Yan Cheng Wang Yan Cheng (王衍成, sometime wrote 王衍城) is a Chinese painter born January 9, 1960 in Guangdong province, living and working in France. Wang Yan Cheng was born in Guangdong province, China in 1960. He graduated from the Shandong Institute of Fine Arts in Yantai in 1985; he then studied in the Chinese Central Institute of Fine Arts between 1986 and 1988; Wang Yan Chen then moved to France to complete his studies at the Saint-Etienne Plastic Arts University, from 1990 to 1992. The artist has decorated the Beijing Opera with a giant artwork in 2007. In 2008, he was named Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government. Wang Yan Cheng Wang Yan Cheng (王衍成, sometime wrote 王衍城) is a Chinese painter born January 9, 1960 in Guangdong province, living and working in France. Wang Yan Cheng was born in Guangdong province, China in 1960. He graduated from the Shandong Institute of Fine Arts in Yantai in 1985; he then studied in the Chinese Central Institute of Fine Arts between 1986 and 1988; Wang Yan Chen then moved to France to complete his studies at the Saint-Etienne Plastic Arts University, from 1990 to 1992."
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"Martijn Koster Martijn Koster (born ca 1970) is a Dutch software engineer noted for his pioneering work on Internet searching. Koster created Aliweb, the Internet's first Search Engine, which was announced in November 1993 while working at Nexor and presented in May 1994 at the First International Conference on the World Wide Web. Koster also developed Achiplex, a search engine for FTP sites that pre-dates the Web, and CUSI, a simple tool that allowed you to search different search engines in quick succession, useful in the early days of search when services provided varying results. Koster also created the Robots Exclusion Standard. Martijn Koster Martijn Koster (born ca 1970) is a Dutch software engineer noted for his pioneering work on Internet searching. Koster created Aliweb, the Internet's first Search Engine, which was announced in November 1993 while working at Nexor and presented in May 1994 at the First International Conference on the World Wide Web. Koster also developed Achiplex, a search engine for FTP sites that pre-dates the Web, and CUSI, a simple tool that allowed you to search different search engines in quick succession, useful in the early days of search when services provided varying results. Koster also created"
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"Trevor Beattie (CEO) Trevor Beattie is currently Chief Executive of the South Downs National Park and is one of the 12 independent governors of the University of Brighton. Beattie grew up in West Sussex. He studied a dual honours degree of Economics and Politics at the University of Bristol. Beattie led the team which created the Homes and Communities Agency in 2008 whilst working under the then chief executive, Lord Kerslake. Since leaving the agency he has chaired the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors' Land and Society Commission, which in May 2011 published a report into how the property industry should operate under localism. He has also written a book on the diaries of his father Reginald Beattie's experiences as a prisoner of war, called \"Captive Plans\" (). Beattie now lives in Hove. He has one of the largest collections of magic lanterns and magic lantern slides within the UK, with a collection of Woobury types, and often gives magic lantern shows in Sussex. Trevor Beattie (CEO) Trevor Beattie is currently Chief Executive of the South Downs National Park and is one of the 12 independent governors of the University of Brighton. Beattie grew up in West Sussex. He studied"
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"Kirby Van Burch Kirby VanBurch is a professional magician who performed for most of his active career in Branson, Missouri. Van Burch was named \"The Prince of Magic\" by the Princess of Thailand and \"Worlds Best Illusionist\" at the 2008 World Magic Awards. He began his magic career at age 7 in Houston, Texas after seeing a magic show. He later moved to Las Vegas, Nevada and became the youngest performer in the casino area of Fremont Street. He celebrated the opening of a twenty-story tower by being hoisted twenty stories in the air and attempting to escape a straight jacket and foot shackles suspended by a flaming rope over a cage filled with hungry pigs. Van Burch spent many years working in Branson, Missouri as a stage performer, during which time he collaborated with many other performers. For some time, Van Burch performed at his own theater in Branson with 12 animals, including white tigers, panthers, cows, goats, and pigs. His show also featured several large-scale illusions, including an appearing helicopter and firing a machine gun into the audience. Kirby performed in Branson for 20 years. He performed at his most recent theater for 6 years, and has headlined at 9 different theaters in Branson, Missouri. Van Burch has been best friends with the Representative for Missouri's 158th Congressional District, Scott Fitzpatrick for several years. Van Burch was in negotiations in early 2014 to begin performing at the Lodge of the Ozarks in Branson, but that arrangement is still pending. Kirby Van Burch Kirby VanBurch is a professional magician who performed for most of his active career in Branson, Missouri. Van Burch was named \"The Prince of Magic\" by the Princess of Thailand and \"Worlds Best Illusionist\" at the 2008 World Magic Awards. He began his magic career at"
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"Mambajao ', officially the ', is a and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. In 1855, Mambajao was proclaimed as a municipality. In 1942, the Japanese forces landed in the capital town of Mambajao, Camiguin. Mambajao is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. In the , the population of Mambajao was people, with a density of . The Camiguin Sports Complex (Also known as Cong. Pedro Palarca-Romualdo Tourism and Sports Complex) is a sports complex located in Mambajao, and hosts to the 2016 Northern Mindanao Regional Athletic Meet, and Lanzones Festival events. Maymay Entrata was born here. Mambajao ', officially the ', is a and capital of the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. In 1855, Mambajao was proclaimed as a municipality. In 1942, the Japanese forces landed in the capital town of Mambajao, Camiguin. Mambajao is politically subdivided into 16 barangays. In the , the population of Mambajao was people, with a density of . The Camiguin Sports Complex (Also known as Cong. Pedro Palarca-Romualdo Tourism and Sports Complex) is a sports complex located in Mambajao, and hosts to the 2016"
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"Ukhra (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Ukhra (Vidhan Sabha constituency) was an assembly constituency in what is now Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It covered the Ukhra area. Madan Bauri of CPI (M) won the Ukhra (SC) assembly seat in 2006 and 2001 defeating his nearest rivals Upender Paswan of JD(U) and Nirmal Maji of Trinamool Congress respectively. Lakhan Bagdi of CPI (M) won the seat in 1996, 1991, 1987, 1982 and 1977, defeating Jethu Ram of Congress in 1996, Gopal Mondal of Congress in 1991, Haradhan Mondal of Congress in 1987 and 1982, and Gopal Mondal of Congress in 1977. Gopal Mondal of INC won the seat in 1972. Lakhan Bagdi of CPI (M) won the seat in 1971 and 1969. Prior to that the Ukhra constituency was not there. Ukhra assembly constituency was part of Asansol (Lok Sabha constituency). As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, Ukhra (Vidhan Sabha constituency) has ceased to be an assembly constituency from 2011. Andal community development block is part of Raniganj (Vidhan Sabha constituency). Ukhra (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Ukhra (Vidhan Sabha constituency) was an assembly constituency in what is now Paschim Bardhaman district in the Indian state of West"
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"Delavan Leonard Pierson Delavan Leonard Pierson (1867-1952) was an American Presbyterian pastor, Christian leader, and writer. He was educated at Princeton University (B.A., 1890; M.A., 1894) and Princeton Theological Seminary (B.D., 1894), and was licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick in 1894. He was the first son of Arthur Tappan Pierson who was an American Presbyterian pastor, Christian Leader, and missionary to Korea where A. T. Pierson established the Pierson Memorial Bible School(present Pyeongtaek University) in Seoul in 1912. He had a distinguished career as a writer and as a Bible school superintendent, and was editor of The Northfield Echoes and of The Missionary Review of the World. Delavan Leonard Pierson Delavan Leonard Pierson (1867-1952) was an American Presbyterian pastor, Christian leader, and writer. He was educated at Princeton University (B.A., 1890; M.A., 1894) and Princeton Theological Seminary (B.D., 1894), and was licensed by the Presbytery of New Brunswick in 1894. He was the first son of Arthur Tappan Pierson who was an American Presbyterian pastor, Christian Leader, and missionary to Korea where A. T. Pierson established the Pierson Memorial Bible School(present Pyeongtaek University) in Seoul in 1912. He had a distinguished career as a writer and as a"
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"Mahir Tomruk Mehmet Mahir Tomruk (1885–1949) was a Turkish sculptor who is one of lead figures in pre-Republic sculpture. He is one of the sculptors to be educated in the Sanayi-i Nefise in the time before the foundation of the Turkish Republic where ha later taught many famous sculptors. His busts are considered powerul works in the scope of fine art and his style is reminiscent of the affects of German Neo-classicism. In 1916, he graduated from the Sanayi-i Nefise Mektebi where he was the student of İhsan Özsoy. He worked in the Munich Fine Arts Academy in the atelier of Prof. Kurtz and Prof. Belecker. He stayed in (Germany) for 10 years until he returned home in 1924, and was appointed to a teaching position at the Sanayi-i Nefise. From 1933 to 1948 he taught in his atelier. In 1937, Nijat Sirel was one of Tomruks students at the Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. Together with Sirel, Tomruk had created the Bursa Atatürk Monument in 1931. He taught many well known sculptors including Ali Hadi Bara and Zühtü Müridoğlu. Mahir Tomruk Mehmet Mahir Tomruk (1885–1949) was a Turkish sculptor who is one of lead figures in pre-Republic sculpture. He"
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"Bledius spectabilis Bledius spectabilis, commonly known as the magnificent salt beetle, is a species of small rove beetle. This beetle is 5 to 7 millimetres long and has brightly coloured legs. The wing covers are brownish and as wide as they are long. \"B. spectabilis\" inhabits the sea shores of the Caspian and Black Seas, the coasts of the Mediterranean from Asia Minor to Spain and Morocco, and the Atlantic coast as far north as the Irish Sea and the North Sea. \"Bledius spectabilis\", shows very unusual behaviour for an insect in that it actively protects its larvae from the parasitic wasp \"Barycnemis blediator\" and from the predatory \"Dicheirotrichus gustavi\". Bledius spectabilis Bledius spectabilis, commonly known as the magnificent salt beetle, is a species of small rove beetle. This beetle is 5 to 7 millimetres long and has brightly coloured legs. The wing covers are brownish and as wide as they are long. \"B. spectabilis\" inhabits the sea shores of the Caspian and Black Seas, the coasts of the Mediterranean from Asia Minor to Spain and Morocco, and the Atlantic coast as far north as the Irish Sea and the North Sea. \"Bledius spectabilis\", shows very unusual behaviour for an"
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"Saroj Dey Saroj Dey () (1921 – 26 November 1997) was a Bengali film director who was part of the collective \"Agragami\" which made several notable films in Bengali cinema, from 1950s to the 1970s. He is best known for directing \"Je Jekhane Dariye\" (1974), and national award-winning film \"Kony\" (1984). He made his directorial debut in 1955, his film \"Daak Harkara\" (1958) with the collective Agragami, took part in Venice Film Festival, and also won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali. His other notable film with the collective was \"Nisithe\" (1963), which also won a National Award. His other film include, \"Sagarika\" (1956), \"Shilpi\" (1956), \"Headmaster\" (1958), \"Kanna\" (1962), \"Sankha Bela\" (1966), \"Bilambita Lay\" (1970) and \"Swati\" (1977). Saroj Dey was born in 1921. He played the lead role in the group Agragami. Saroj Dey has directed under his own name was the film called \"Kony\", which was released in 1984 and earned the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment at the 32nd National Film Awards. He died on 26 November 1997. Saroj Dey Saroj Dey () (1921 – 26 November 1997) was a Bengali film director who was part of"
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"Hawley Pratt Hawley Pratt (June 9, 1911 – March 2, 1999) was an American film director, animator, and illustrator. He is best known for his work during the heyday of Warner Bros. Cartoons and as the right-hand man of director Friz Freleng as a layout artist and later as a director. Pratt also worked for Walt Disney Studios, Filmation, and DePatie-Freleng Enterprises where he co-created The Pink Panther. Born in Seattle and raised in the Bronx by his widowed mother Mabel, Pratt graduated from the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn. He became an artist at Walt Disney Studios in 1933 before joining Warner Bros. Cartoons after the Disney strike in 1941. There he served as a layout artist providing background layouts and character poses from 1945 to the early 1960s. Working closely with director Friz Freleng, Pratt's Warner Bros. resume includes the Oscar-winning cartoons \"Tweetie Pie\", which introduced the duo of Sylvester and Tweety, \"Speedy Gonzales\", where Freleng and Pratt redesigned the character into his modern incarnation, and \"Birds Anonymous\". Pratt directed \"Señorella and the Glass Huarache\", a Looney Tune released in 1964 after the studio closed its animation division. Pratt briefly worked at the Hanna-Barbera studio with Freleng before the two moved to DePatie-Freleng Enterprises. They created the Pink Panther character for the animated title sequence of the 1963 feature film of the same name; though, Pratt is often solely credited for the character's creation. While there, he directed (or co-directed) all episodes of \"The Pink Panther Show\". Pratt's directorial effort in the 1966 short \"The Pink Blueprint\" won him an Oscar nomination. His other directorial works also include three \"Roland and Rattfink\" shorts, \"The Super 6\", and three Dr. Seuss television specials: \"The Cat in the Hat\" and \"Dr. Seuss on the Loose\", and \"The Lorax\". Pratt also served as associate director and animator of the 1964 film \"The Incredible Mr. Limpet\". Hawley Pratt's last design credit was on 1990s \"\". Pratt's skills also had him illustrating several Little Golden Books and Big Golden Books. Hawley Pratt Hawley Pratt (June 9, 1911 – March 2, 1999) was an American film director, animator, and illustrator. He is best known for his work during the heyday of Warner Bros. Cartoons and as the right-hand man of director Friz Freleng as a layout artist and later as a director. Pratt also worked for Walt Disney Studios, Filmation, and DePatie-Freleng Enterprises where he"
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"Dryope (daughter of Dryops) In Greek mythology, Dryope (; derived from δρῦς \"drys\", \"oak\"; \"dryope\" \"woodpecker\") is the daughter of Dryops, king of Oeta (\"oak-man\") or of Eurytus (and hence half-sister to Iole). She is sometimes thought of as one of the Pleiades (and hence a nymph). Dryope mothered Amphissus by Apollo. In some accounts, Hermes fathered Pan upon Dryope, daughter of Dryops. There are two stories of her metamorphosis into a black poplar. According to the first, Apollo seduced her by a trick. While Dryope tended the flocks of her father on Mount Oeta, she became the playmate of the hamadryads of the woods on Mount Oeta. The nymphs taught her to sing hymns to the gods and to dance. On one occasion, Dryope was seen by Apollo. In order to win her favours the god turned himself into a tortoise, of which the girls made a pet. The nymphs played with the animal and when Dryope had the tortoise on her lap, Apollo turned into a snake. The nymphs then got scared and abandoned her, and she and Apollo mated. Eventually she gave birth to her son Amphissus. Soon after Dryope married Andraemon, son of Oxylus. Amphissus eventually built a temple to his father Apollo in the city of Oeta, which he founded. Here the nymphs came to converse with Dryope, who had become a priestess of the temple. Fond of her, they took her with them and placed a poplar tree in her place. They then turned her into a nymph. In Ovid's version of the story, Dryope was wandering by a lake, suckling her baby Amphissus, when she saw the bright red flowers of the lotus tree, formerly the nymph Lotis who, when fleeing from Priapus, had been changed into a tree. Dryope wanted to give the blossoms to her baby to play with, but when she picked one the tree started to tremble and bleed. She tried to run away, but the blood of the tree had touched her skin and she found her feet rooted to the spot. She slowly began to turn into a black poplar, the bark spreading up her legs from the earth, but just before the woody stiffness finally reached her throat and as her arms began sprouting twigs her husband Andraemon heard her cries and came to her. She had just enough time to warn her husband to take care of their child and make sure that he did not pick flowers. She also told him to find Amphissus a nurse and to tell him to call her his mother. Dryope (daughter of Dryops) In Greek mythology, Dryope (; derived from δρῦς \"drys\", \"oak\"; \"dryope\" \"woodpecker\") is the daughter of Dryops, king of Oeta (\"oak-man\") or of Eurytus (and hence half-sister to Iole). She is sometimes thought of as one of the Pleiades (and hence a nymph). Dryope mothered Amphissus by Apollo. In some accounts, Hermes fathered Pan upon Dryope, daughter of Dryops. There are two stories of her"
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"Organ Historical Society The Organ Historical Society is a not-for-profit organization primarily composed of pipe organ enthusiasts interested in the instrument's design, construction, conservation and use in musical performance. The main activities of the Society include promoting an active interest in the organ and its builders, particularly those in North America, through publishing efforts, national conventions, and preservation of library and archival materials. The Society also actively works to encourage the historic preservation and integrity of noteworthy instruments. Members consider organs in their larger context, and their audiences, builders, case designs, construction, geographical distribution, history, marketing, physical attributes, sound, and voicing receive the emphasis of attention. The society is a ready resource for nonmembers seeking to discover the significance and potential avenues of restoration for instruments in their care. Formed in 1956, the headquarters which had been in Richmond, Virginia for several years, moved to Villanova, Pennsylvania during the week of October 16, 2017. The Organ Historical Society (OHS) Library and Archives—located at Stoneleigh, the Haas Family estate in Villanova, Pennsylvania—is the largest repository of organ research materials in the world. Access is available by appointment with the Archivist. Included in the collection are: Additionally, the OHS Library and Archives retains a records and documentation storage facility in Warminster, Pennsylvania, containing thousands of liner feet of business records and other documentation related to American and Canadian organ builders. The Society maintains an extensive online database of historic and modern organs which includes thousands of organs that were built in North America (United States, Canada, and Mexico) whether they are installed on the continent or exported outside North America. The database also includes records of pipe organs built in Europe and installed in North America. As of November 2018, there are 63,913 database entries for new, rebuilt, or relocated organs; 30,053 photos and 21,512 stoplists. The database committee actively solicits information to update and improve entries. The Organ Historical Society promotes their interests through a society magazine, \"The Tracker\", and numerous publications through the OHS Press. \"The Tracker\" includes news and articles about the organ and its history, organbuilders, exemplary organs, regional surveys of instruments, and the music played on the organ. The emphasis is on American organ topics of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, and there are occasional articles on European topics. \"The Tracker\" is published quarterly, and contains many illustrations, vivid color photographs, and reprints of historic photos. Originally the focus of the society was on 18th and 19th-century tracker organs but in recent years there has been a significant expansion of interest in early-to-mid-20th century electropneumatic church and concert-hall organs. Historic restorations of theater organs are occasionally covered. The OHS Press was established by the Organ Historical Society for the advancement and dissemination of scholarship about the organ, its music, literature, cultural contexts, and performance. The OHS Press accepts for publication material regardless of commercial viability if it supports the society's goals. The Organ Historical Society hosts annual conventions. Over the course of a week, attendees enjoy numerous concerts in various venues in the convention's host city and its surrounding area featuring a wide variety of historic pipe organs. The purpose in visiting the instruments is to apprecitate, hear, and see them in their surroundings, compare them with similar instruments, and experience their aural, mechanical and visual attributes. Demonstrations are intended to showcase the instruments. There is an emphasis on organs that have not been significantly altered, enabling listeners to gain an unadulterated appreciation of representative work of historic builders. Recent conventions have been held in Central Indiana (2007), Seattle, Washington (2008), Cleveland, Ohio (2009), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (2010), Washington, D.C. (2011), Chicago, Illinois (2012), Vermont (2013), in Syracuse, New York (2014) and Springfield, Massachusetts (2015), which was attended by 310 members from across the United States and elsewhere. The 2016 convention is scheduled for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Organ Historical Society The Organ Historical Society is a not-for-profit organization primarily composed of pipe organ enthusiasts interested in the instrument's design, construction, conservation and use in musical performance. The main activities of the Society include promoting an active interest in the organ and its builders, particularly those in North America, through publishing efforts, national conventions, and preservation of library and"
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"Shi Zhiyong (weightlifter, born 1980) Shi Zhiyong (; born February 10, 1980 in Longyan, Fujian) is a Chinese weightlifter. He became Olympic Champion during the 2004 Summer Olympics. He lifted a total of 325 kg, equalising the World record at that time. Shi participated in the men's 69 kg class at the 2005 and 2006 World Weightlifting Championships. He won gold in 2005 and silver in 2006, finishing behind Vencelas Dabaya. He snatched 150 kg and jerked an additional 177 kg for a total of 327 kg, 5 kg behind winner Dabaya. Shi Zhiyong held the world record in the 62 kg class with 153 kg in snatch for 12 years. He also holds the world junior records in the 62 kg class with 152 kg in snatch, and with 322 kg in total. Shi Zhiyong (weightlifter, born 1980) Shi Zhiyong (; born February 10, 1980 in Longyan, Fujian) is a Chinese weightlifter. He became Olympic Champion during the 2004 Summer Olympics. He lifted a total of 325 kg, equalising the World record at that time. Shi participated in the men's 69 kg class at the 2005 and 2006 World Weightlifting Championships. He won gold in 2005 and silver in"
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"Opportunity International Opportunity International is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that is working to end global poverty by creating and sustaining jobs. Through a network of 47 program and support partners, Opportunity provides small business loans, savings, insurance and training to more than 14 million people in the developing world. It has clients in more than 20 countries and works with fundraising partners in the United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Opportunity International has 501(c)(3) status as a tax-exempt charitable organization in the United States of America under the US Internal Revenue Code (Employer Identification Number: 54-0907624). In 1971, Al Whittaker left his job as president of Bristol Myers International Corporation in America to found the Institute for International Development Incorporated (IIDI), a micro-enterprise organization. Barry Harper, IIDI's first Executive Director, and development officer Dan Swanson together oversaw establishment of IDII offices in Colombia, Peru, Honduras, Kenya, the Dominican Republic and Indonesia. Australian philanthropist David Bussau founded Maranatha Trust and began administering loans in Indonesia in 1977. In 1979, he joined IDII as the director of the Indonesia office and began expanding IDII's work in Asia. In 1988, the two merged their efforts under the name Opportunity International. Since that time, the organization has continued to grow. In 1991, a group of women supporting Opportunity International called the Women's Opportunity Network created a group-lending methodology called the Trust Group in which groups would be responsible for their peers and hold them accountable for repayment. Opportunity began testing this group lending and Trust Group method in the Philippines in 1992, and in the same year, they began to focus on serving entrepreneurs at even more extreme levels of poverty. Realizing that no one group can tackle the issues of poverty alone, Opportunity began developing partners - independent, self-governing organizations with similar motivations - in countries and regions around the world. In 1998, Opportunity formalized these partnerships into the Opportunity International Network - a group of partners that now includes 47 entities in over 20 countries. In 2000, Opportunity began building a series of permanent and mobile banks to reach more remote areas of countries and attempt to serve those that had previously lacked access to financial services. These formal financial institutions (FFIs) took the form of commercial banks, development banks or credit unions that could accept deposits, borrow money and/or accept investments. In 2002, Opportunity International developed and founded MicroEnsure, a microinsurance entity providing weather-indexed crop insurance, affordable health insurance, and protection against other risks. MicroEnsure was the world's first microinsurance intermediary and received a generous grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2008. MicroEnsure spun off from Opportunity as its own company, and in 2013 it became a for-profit social enterprise. On January 24, 2006, David Bussau gave the 10th Australia Day Address with the subject \"A Giving Nation.\" And in January, 2008, David Bussau was named Senior Australian of the Year 2008 for his work in the fight against global poverty. Al Whittaker passed away in 2006. Opportunity was founded as and remains a non-denominational Christian organization that serves all its clients regardless of their race, religion, ethnicity or gender. In 2017, Opportunity International's operation in Malawi was sold to southern African banking group FMB Capital. Like many microfinance organizations, Opportunity often lends to clients through group lending. At Opportunity, these lending groups are called Trust Groups and consist of 10 to 30 entrepreneurs who pledge to guarantee each other's loans. The groups meet regularly to share personal and business advice, receive financial training and vote on loan-related topics. Trust Groups are designed to build a safety net by guaranteeing each other's loans - if one member defaults on a weekly payment, everyone else must cover the costs. The idea is that the group guarantee replaces the need for collateral, so that credit becomes available to those previously excluded from formal financial services. Each week, as Trust Groups gather to repay their loans, Opportunity provides educational sessions to develop business skills and enhance personal growth. The efficacy of group lending has been debated since it was first introduced by the Grameen Bank in the 1970s. As MFIs have become more advanced and increased their scale, it has become less costly for them to monitor borrowers, allowing them to be less reliant on group lending and peer enforcement. According to JPAL, there is little evidence on the relative impacts of individual lending versus group lending on household consumption, income and enterprise creation. Today, Opportunity recruits and develops staff from the countries it serves. Its global team has grown to 23,000 employees, 99% of whom are nationals, with over 10,000 loan officers working directly with microfinance clients. Over the last 10 years, Opportunity has invested more than $20 million in electronic and mobile technology to reduce transaction costs and bring services to the most marginalized and remote people. Satellite branches and mobile banks reach clients in previously unserved areas, like rural farming villages and sprawling urban markets. Biometric technology provides convenient and secure access to finances, even for those who are illiterate or lack formal identification. Convenient ATMs and point-of-sale (POS) devices offer the only safe method for transactions in many markets and allow clients to make transactions near home, thereby reducing transportation costs, improving their productivity and increasing the safety of their savings deposits. Over half of the developing world's population uses cell phones. Opportunity's banking programs enable clients to repay loans or transfer funds in Opportunity savings accounts from their mobile device. Cell phone technology gives clients in remote locations access to their accounts. Opportunity's investment in mobile technology parallels a larger trend in the industry to utilize technology to improve microfinance and development initiatives. Mobile money, in particular, is transforming microfinance and banking around the world. In 2013, the total value of transactions made by mobile phones in Kenya was $24 billion - more than half the country's GDP. Challenges of mobile money include security concerns and questions around regulation. As The Guardian notes, cooperation between the technology, policy and NGO communities will be critical moving forward. According to UN Women, women make up 60% of the chronically hungry, more than two thirds of the world's illiterate population and receive lower wages for the same work. Opportunity focuses its services, including loans, savings accounts, insurance, training and financial access, on women - providing 95 of their loans to women. Research shows that women are far more likely to reinvest their earnings in their homes and families, extending the benefit of these services to the entire family. Studies suggest that women reinvest 90% of their income back into their families. More than 124 million children and adolescents around the world, half of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa, have never started school or have already dropped out. Opportunity invests in parents and educators to help children go to school and receive a high quality education. Opportunity's EduFinance tools include: Alongside financial tools, Opportunity supports educators with other tools and programs including: Opportunity has reached 1.7 million children and distributed $69M in education loans since 2009. In October 2016,",
"of their loans to women. Research shows that women are far more likely to reinvest their earnings in their homes and families, extending the benefit of these services to the entire family. Studies suggest that women reinvest 90% of their income back into their families. More than 124 million children and adolescents around the world, half of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa, have never started school or have already dropped out. Opportunity invests in parents and educators to help children go to school and receive a high quality education. Opportunity's EduFinance tools include: Alongside financial tools, Opportunity supports educators with other tools and programs including: Opportunity has reached 1.7 million children and distributed $69M in education loans since 2009. In October 2016, Opportunity announced that it received a $1 million grant to expand EduFinance from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. In November 2016, Opportunity International won the Civil Society Achievement Honor at the Children and Youth Finance International Global Inclusion Awards 2016. One in four Africans - about 260 million people - suffer from hunger. Many of them are farmers operating at just 40 percent of their capacity. Farmers in the developing world face many challenges including: limited access to financial resources, high-quality farm inputs, markets and technical assistance and practicing side-selling to cover seasonal cash flows. To address these and other challenges, Opportunity International has introduced the following programs, tools and initiatives: Agricultural lending is unique from traditional microfinance because the needs of famers are unique. Research shows that client-centric, responsive approaches have enabled some MFIs to adapt to the needs of farm households and seasonal agricultures. Branchless banking and mobile money have also aided in advancing agricultural finance in rural communities. Opportunity works through local program partners to better understand and meet the needs of families they serve. Local partners must share Opportunity's values and objectives. Their stated requirements for partners are: They also look for partners with: The Opportunity Network is made up of 47 organizations, 39 of which are microfinance institutions (program partners) operating in Africa, Eastern Europe, Central and East Asia and Latin America. These program partners provide loans and other support directly to families in need. Funds to support the work of program partners are raised through support partners operating in various countries including Australia, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and the USA. These funds are provided to program partners as either equity, loans or grants. While program and support partners have close relationships, each operates as an independent legal entity. No program or support partner acts as agent for any other program or support partner, nor has authority to bind any other program or support partner. Opportunity International was the first organization to approach microfinance using a microfinance network. Opportunity serves clients in the following countries in Africa: Opportunity serves clients in the following countries in Asia: Opportunity serves clients in the following countries in Eastern Europe: Opportunity serves clients in the following countries in Latin America: Opportunity partners raise support in the following countries: In 2016, Atul Tandon joined Opportunity International as the US CEO. Global CEO Vicki Escarra joined Opportunity in 2012 and served as US CEO before becoming Global CEO. Opportunity International Australia Limited is a part of the global Opportunity International Network. Opportunity International Australia Limited was registered as a charity under the Australian Charities and Not-for-profits Commission in January 1989. Opportunity International Australia also provides support services to its loan recipients such as business training, financial literacy training and community development initiatives. It currently works in India, Indonesia and the Philippines by funding and supporting local microfinance institutions. These services include loans, savings, fund transfers and insurance. Opportunity International Australia has a repayment rate of 97%. Opportunity International is a signatory to ACFID. In 2008, Opportunity International Australia's founder David Bussau was recognized for his long-standing contribution to poverty alleviation by being named Senior Australian of the Year 2008. Macro For Micro was a campaign in 2010 to raise funds and awareness for microfinance development. It consisted of a team of Canadian cyclists (Geoff Dittrich, Stu McCrory, Vivian Leung and Isabella Borowiec) that travelled over 5,600 km from Sydney, Australia to Perth, Australia along the southern coast. The campaign aimed to raise A$50,000 for Opportunity Australia to fight poverty. The team stopped at universities, high schools and sponsored venues along the way to share the story of microfinance. They departed Sydney on March 8 (International Women's Day), 2010 and arrived in Perth on 29 May 2010. Opportunity International Canada is also part of the global Opportunity International Network. One of the more recent members in the Network, Opportunity International Canada began in 1998, when a dedicated group of entrepreneurial Canadian business people rallied to launch it as a registered charity in Canada. Dale Patterson is the current President and CEO of Opportunity Canada. In addition to a National Office in Toronto, Opportunity International Canada has staff members in Vancouver, Montréal and London, as well as a significant volunteer base in Alberta. Starting in 2009, Opportunity International Canada staff and volunteers created programs and initiatives like Faces of Opportunity and MarketDay. Faces of Opportunity is a small coffee table book of microfinance client stories. MarketDay is a program in schools, churches, and clubs which aims to involve and educate young people with the microfinance and entrepreneurship. Opportunity International Germany was founded in 1996 by Karl Schock, a businessman, as an independent foundation. raises funds and awareness for microfinance services in Ghana, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, Mozambique, Dominican Republic, India, Nicaragua and the Philippines. The current CEO is Mark Ankerstein. Opportunity International UK is part of the global Opportunity International Network. Opportunity UK is currently serving more than 1.2 million African's by raising funds to help develop microfinance in Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Ghana. They also support projects in Rwanda, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya and South Africa. Opportunity also raises support in: In 2012, The Social Performance Task Force (SPTF) launched the Universal Standards for Social Performance Management. These standards incorporate the Smart Campaign's Client Protection Principles and set standards on: defining and monitoring social goals, governance, treatment of clients, development of products and services, treatment of employees, and balancing financial and social performance. Opportunity's Social Performance Management (SPM) program is used in India, the Philippines and an expanding number of countries in Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI) scorecard is a tool that helps monitor the effects of microfinance on income levels. The scorecard includes simple questions related to the client's income level, such as: By assessing the answers to questions such as these, it is possible to gauge the relative income level and poverty status of a family and help ensure they are receiving benefits from interventions in various areas of their life. Opportunity has also piloted the Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodology in both India and the Philippines. SROI is a framework for measuring and accounting for the value added to the lives of families served,",
"Management (SPM) program is used in India, the Philippines and an expanding number of countries in Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. The Progress Out of Poverty Index (PPI) scorecard is a tool that helps monitor the effects of microfinance on income levels. The scorecard includes simple questions related to the client's income level, such as: By assessing the answers to questions such as these, it is possible to gauge the relative income level and poverty status of a family and help ensure they are receiving benefits from interventions in various areas of their life. Opportunity has also piloted the Social Return on Investment (SROI) methodology in both India and the Philippines. SROI is a framework for measuring and accounting for the value added to the lives of families served, looking at social, environmental and economic benefits of microfinance and then quantifying the amount of change that has taken place. There is no evidence presented in Opportunity International (OI) publications of summary-level improvements in household income or jobs created by OI's borrowers. This is not surprising, since scientific testing of the impact of microcredit is surprisingly difficult. Dozens of studies have looked at the experience of people who received microloans. The challenge has been to identify a control group for comparison: it is difficult and expensive to find a group of people who are like the loan recipients in all relevant ways except for not having gotten a loan. Two studies looked at standard microcredit clients over a short period (12–18 months) using randomized controlled trials found no evidence of improvements in household income or consumption. For now, it seems an honest summary of the evidence to say that we simply do not know yet whether microcredit or other forms of microfinance are helping to lift millions out of poverty. Further, one of the least remarked-on problems facing the world's poor living on two dollars a day is that they do not literally get that amount each day. In other words, economic poverty is not just a matter of low incomes, but also of irregular and uncertain incomes. To put food on the table every day and meet other basic consumption needs, poor households have to save and borrow constantly. One research team presented results of year-long financial diaries collected about twice a month from hundreds of rural and urban households in India, Bangladesh, and South Africa. They consistently found the poor use credit and savings to smooth consumption, to deal with emergencies like health problems and to accumulate the larger sums they need to seize opportunities—occasionally business opportunities—and pay for big-ticket expenses like education, weddings and funerals. Over the year, the average diary household used 8 to 10 different types of financial instruments; most types were used multiple times. The notion that microcredit brings loans to people who previously had no access to them is widespread but mistaken, as is the notion that the strong majority of microloans are used for business purposes. Finally, it seems unlikely that a year of microlending helps poor people as much as a year of girls' primary education, for example. The true advantage of microfinance is not that each \"dose\" is more powerful, but rather that each dose costs much less than subsidies. Social programs like primary education and health care usually require large continuing subsidies, using up scarce tax dollars year after year. Microfinancing is different: when it is done right, relatively small up-front subsidies lead to permanent institutions that can continue providing services year after year with no further subsidy needed, and can expand those services to reach many millions of low-income clients. Opportunity earned the acclaimed Civil Society Achievement Honor at the Children and Youth Finance International (CYFI) Global Inclusion Awards of 2016, held November 28, 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden. Opportunity International received a $1 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to expand its Education Finance initiatives in Uganda and Beyond. The grant was announced October 11, 2016. Opportunity International earned a 4-star rating from Charity Navigator for the second consecutive year on June 2, 2016. In July 2015, Opportunity announced a partnership with MetLife Foundation to promote access to financial services in rural China. Opportunity CEO Vicki Escarra was recognized with a Womenetics 2014 POW! Award. In December 2014, Opportunity announced a partnership with Credit Suisse to help educate more than 530,000 children in Colombia, Tanzania, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, India and the Philippines. In March 2014, Opportunity announced a partnership with MasterCard Foundation to launch a $22.7 million growth and innovations initiative in Africa. In June 2013, Opportunity announced a partnership with Caterpillar Foundation in the form of a $19.2 million grant to help provide financial products and services to 16.7 million people in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Opportunity International Opportunity International is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that is working to end global poverty by creating and sustaining jobs. Through a network of 47 program and support partners, Opportunity provides small business loans, savings, insurance and training to more than 14 million people in the developing world. It has clients in more than 20 countries and works with fundraising partners in the United States, Australia, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, Singapore, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom. Opportunity International has 501(c)(3) status as a tax-exempt charitable organization in the United States of America under the US Internal Revenue Code"
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"I Love Me Some Him \"I Love Me Some Him\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her second studio album, \"Secrets\" (1996). Written by Andrea Martin and Gloria Stewart and produced by the Danish duo Soulshock & Karlin, the song was released as the flipside to the album's third single, \"I Don't Want To\", solely in the United States, while international versions of \"I Don't Want To\" did not include \"I Love Me Some Him\". \"I Love Me Some Him\" was a major R&B airplay hit during the course of 1997, and while there was no music video filmed, it has become one of Braxton's most requested singles. As such, it was included on her 2003 singles collection \"Ultimate Toni Braxton\". I Love Me Some Him \"I Love Me Some Him\" is a song by American R&B singer Toni Braxton from her second studio album, \"Secrets\" (1996). Written by Andrea Martin and Gloria Stewart and produced by the Danish duo Soulshock & Karlin, the song was released as the flipside to the album's third single, \"I Don't Want To\", solely in the United States, while international versions of \"I Don't Want To\" did not include \"I"
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"Kakwa people The Kakwa people are found in north-western Uganda, south-western South Sudan, and north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly to the west of the White Nile river. The Kakwa people are a small minority but a part of the larger Karo people, an intermarried group that also includes the Bari, Pojulu, Mundari, Kuku and Nyangwara. Their language, Kutuk na Kakwa, is an Eastern Nilotic language. The major cities of the Kakwa people are the Yei and Morobo districts (South Sudan), Koboko district (Uganda), Imgbokolo and Aba, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Kakwa people sometimes refer to themselves as \"Kakwa Saliya Musala\", translated directly as \"kakwa three hills\" a phrase they commonly use to denote their 'oneness' in spite of being politically dispersed among three countries. According to the Kakwa oral tradition, they migrated out of East Africa (Nubian region) from the city of Kawa in between the third and fourth cataracts of the Nile. First into South Sudan, and from there southwards into Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Kakwa converted to Islam, accepting the Maliki school of Sunni theology in medieval era. They were annexed into Equitoria region claimed by the Egyptian Islamic ruler Khedive Ismail (Isma'il Pasha) by his descendant Tewfik Pasha in 1889. As the British colonial empire expanded into East Africa and Egypt, the region with Kakwa people became a part of the Uganda Protectorate. The Kakwa people rose to international prominence when one of their descendant General Idi Amin assumed the power in Uganda through a coup. He filled important military and civil positions in his administration with his ethnic group, and Nubians. He arrested and killed officials from other ethnic groups such as the Acholi and Lango people, whom he doubted. Idi Amin also supplied arms and financed the Sudanese Kakwa people in the first civil war of Sudan. The Kakwa officials in Idi Amin regime were later accused of many humanitarian crimes. After Amin was deposed in 1979, many Kakwa people were killed in revenge killings, causing others to leave the area and fled to Sudan. However, they have now returned to their native areas in the West Nile region of northern Uganda. For most of the South Sudanese Civil War, the fighting was focused in the Greater Upper Nile region. After the clashes in Juba in 2016, the fighting largely shifted to the previously safe haven of Equatoria, where the bulk of SPLM-IO forces went for shelter. Accounts point to both sides targeting civilians on ethnic lines between the Dinka and the dozens of ethnic groups among the Equatorians who are historically in conflict with the Dinka, such as the Karo, who include the Bari. Witnesses report Dinka soldiers threatening villagers that they will kill all Kakwa people for their alleged support to Machar and killing Pojulu people while sparing those who they find can speak Dinka. A UN investigation said rape was being used a tool of ethnic cleansing and Adama Dieng, the U.N.'s Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, warned of genocide after visiting areas of fighting in Yei. The traditional Kakwa livelihood has been based on cultivating corn, millet, cassava, fishing and cattle. The traditional villages of Kakwa are linked by their lineage, with male forming councils of elders. Polygyny is accepted, and the Islamic traditions are a part of the Kakwa people lives. Kakwa people The Kakwa people are found in north-western Uganda, south-western South Sudan, and north-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, particularly to the west of the White Nile river. The Kakwa people are a small minority but a"
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"Ballinamore Ballinamore (historically \"Bellanamore\", from ) is a small town in County Leitrim, Ireland, from the border with County Fermanagh. It is located on the R202 regional road where it is joined by the R199 and R204. means \"mouth of the big ford\", and the town is so named because it was the main crossing point of the Yellow River, which flows past the town. This waterway become known as the Ballinamore-Ballyconnell Canal, built to link the Rivers Erne and Shannon in the 1840s. It reopened as the Shannon–Erne Waterway in 1994. The history of Ballinamore has enabled it to grow through the centuries as a town with a large variety of trades and tradesmen. The first mention was under the Plantation of Leitrim in 1621 when the Manor of Ballinamore was granted to Sir Fenton Parsons with of arable land. In 1256, a great battle fought between the O'Rourkes and the O'Reillys, supposedly occurred near Ballinamore, leading to a division of Breifne between the O'Rourkes of North Leitrim, and the O'Reillys of Cavan. In the 18th century, dispossessed Catholics from County Down travelled to the west of Ireland looking for new places to live. They stopped in an area of land they found suitable notably for its location near the rivers Shannon and Erne. This was the origins of Ballinamore. These dispossessed Ulster people brought with them numerous skills such as blacksmiths, tinsmiths, skilled craftsmen and farmers. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, two annual fairs were held at Ballinamore on- May 12, and November 12. It is recorded, that in 1925, Ballinamore town comprised 163 houses, approximately 28 being licensed to sell alcohol. Back in the 18th century, there was a flourishing ironworks here. Ballinamore Iron works was established sometime after 1693 and continued production until probably 1747 when the business was put up for sale, the assets including a furnace, forge, slitting mill, mine yards, coal yards, large quantities of pig iron, mine and coals. The operation closed due to the exhaustion of forests locally. Ballinamore railway station opened on 24 October 1887, but finally closed on 1 April 1959. It was part of the narrow gauge Cavan and Leitrim Railway and was the hub of the line, with the locomotive depot and works. It was the point where the line from Dromod through Mohill and Ballinamore to Belturbet branched to Kiltubrid, Drumshanbo and Arigna. The Ballinamore and Ballyconnell Canal was opened in 1860 but was not a success and fell into disrepair. It was restored in 1994 as the Shannon-Erne Waterway and now brings more tourists into the town. Today, Ballinamore has daily Local-link bus services to Carrick on Shannon and Dromod railway station Monday to Saturday. Ballinamore Ballinamore (historically \"Bellanamore\", from ) is a small town in County Leitrim, Ireland, from the border with County Fermanagh. It is located on the R202 regional road where it is joined by the R199 and R204. means \"mouth of the big ford\", and the town is so named"
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"U.S. Route 46 U.S. Route 46 (US 46) is an east–west U.S. Highway completely within the state of New Jersey, running for , making it the shortest signed, non-spur U.S. Highway. The west end is at an interchange with Interstate 80 (I-80) and Route 94 in Columbia, Warren County on the Delaware River. The east end is in the middle of the George Washington Bridge over the Hudson River in Fort Lee, Bergen County while the route is concurrent with I-95 and US 1-9. Throughout much of its length, US 46 is closely paralleled by I-80. US 46 is a major local and suburban route, with some sections built to or near freeway standards and many other sections arterials with jughandles. The route runs through several communities in the northern part of New Jersey, including Hackettstown, Netcong, Dover, Parsippany-Troy Hills, Wayne, Clifton, Ridgefield Park, Palisades Park, and Fort Lee. It crosses over the Upper Passaic River at several points. The road has been ceremonially named the United Spanish–American War Veterans Memorial Highway. What is now US 46 was originally designated as three separate routes. Pre-1927 Route 5 was created in 1916 to follow the road from Delaware to Denville, pre-1927 Route 12 in 1917 to follow the route between Hackettstown and Paterson, and pre-1927 Route 10 in 1917 to run between Paterson and Edgewater. In 1927, Route 6 was legislated to run from Delaware east to the George Washington Bridge, replacing portions of Routes 5 and 12 and paralleling the former Route 10, which itself became Route 5 and Route 10N, the latter being shortly removed from the state highway system. In 1936, US 46 was designated to run from US 611 in Portland, Pennsylvania east to the George Washington Bridge. The route replaced Pennsylvania Route 987 to the Delaware Bridge over the Delaware, and from there followed Route 6 across New Jersey. In 1953, the Route 6 designation was removed from US 46 in New Jersey, and later that year, the route was realigned to end at US 611 in Columbia, New Jersey, replacing a part of Route 94. US 611 had been brought into New Jersey by two new bridges over the Delaware River, following a freeway between them that became a part of I-80. In 1972, US 611 was aligned back into its original Pennsylvania route (which from 1953 until US 611 decommission was US 611 Alternate), and US 46’s western terminus remained as an interchange ramp with I-80 and Route 94. US 46 begins at a large interchange with I-80 and Route 94 near the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge leading to Pennsylvania Route 611 in the community of Columbia in Knowlton Township, Warren County. From this interchange, the route heads southeast along the east bank of the Delaware River as a four-lane divided highway briefly before narrowing into a two-lane undivided road. The road passes through wooded mountainous areas before reaching the community of Delaware. In Delaware, US 46 intersects Route 163, the approach to the former Delaware Bridge, before passing a few commercial establishments. From here, the route continues alongside the river, passing more rural areas of woods and farms with occasional development as it enters White Township. US 46 makes a sharp turn to the east away from the Delaware River, widening into a four-lane divided highway again as it bypasses the town of Belvidere and has a few businesses on it. The road turns back into a two-lane undivided road and comes to a crossroads with CR 519. Past this intersection, US 46 continues through rural sectors with some business before coming to the northern terminus of Route 31. From this point, the route continues east through dense woods prior to turning northeast into Liberty Township. The road passes through the community of Townsbury before crossing into Independence Township. Here, US 46 enters more agricultural areas and turns east again, with development increasing along the road as it passes through Great Meadows-Vienna. It continues southeast before entering Hackettstown, where the road becomes Main Street. In Hackettstown, the route crosses New Jersey Transit’s Morristown Line and Montclair-Boonton Line before coming to an intersection with CR 517. Here, CR 517 forms a concurrency with US 46, and the two routes continue southeast through the downtown area. At the intersection with the northern terminus of Route 182, CR 517 splits from US 46 by heading south on that route while US 46 continues to the east. Shortly after the Route 182 intersection, the route crosses the Musconetcong River into Washington Township, Morris County, where it heads back into rural surroundings. About a mile into Morris County, US 46 divides and becomes a four-lane highway with a wide median. The road passes a median park and ride lot as it turns north and crosses over a mountain. It continues into Mount Olive Township, taking a sharp turn to the east before the road becomes undivided while remaining four lanes. The road passes rural areas and development as it goes through Budd Lake. In this community, the route passes to the south of the namesake lake as it begins to turn northeast and then north. The road heads northeast again before it enters Netcong and becomes a divided highway as it comes to an interchange with I-80/US 206. Within this interchange, the lanes of US 46 split. From this point, the route narrows back into a two-lane undivided road and runs through developed areas of Netcong a short distance to the south of New Jersey Transit's Morristown Line/Montclair-Boonton Line. US 46 meets Route 183 at an intersection (formerly Netcong Circle) before widening into a four-lane undivided road and leaving Netcong for Roxbury Township. Here, the road passes through wooded areas, meeting I-80 at another interchange and briefly becoming a divided highway at the crossing under I-80 and again at the actual interchange. US 46 remains a divided highway with jughandles past this point, continuing southeast into the Ledgewood area. At a three-way intersection which was formerly Ledgewood Circle, Route 10 begins straight while US 46 turns left to continue east as a two-lane undivided road through more development. Upon passing through Kenvil, the road enters Mine Hill Township, where the road becomes three lanes with two westbound lanes and one eastbound lane. The route passes through Wharton at its southern tip before continuing into Dover. US 46 narrows back into two lanes, becoming Blackwell Street as it passes St. Clare's Dover General Hospital. The road widens to four lanes as Blackwell Street splits from it at an eastbound exit and westbound entrance prior to a bridge over the Rockaway River and a New Jersey Transit line. A short distance later, US 46 intersects the southern terminus of Route 15. From here, the route continues on McFarland Street. US 46 continues east, entering Rockaway Township, where there is an intersection with CR 513. Past CR 513, the road narrows to two lanes as it heads northeast through Rockaway Borough before turning east and crossing the Rockaway River. The route continues northeast, entering wooded residential areas as it heads into Denville and has a limited interchange with I-80, where it can only be entered to and from the westbound lane and where US 46 east can only be entered from the eastbound lane and to the eastbound lane. As it crosses under I-80, US 46 becomes a six-lane divided highway. The road is lined with a moderate amounts of businesses, most with right-in/right-out (RIRO) access, as it continues southeast through Denville, narrowing to four lanes before coming to an interchange with Route 53. From this interchange, the route continues east before curving southeast and entering Mountain Lakes. In Mountain Lakes, US 46 crosses under the Montclair-Boonton Line before continuing into Parsippany-Troy Hills. Here, the road comes to US 202/CR 511 before passing under I-287. At this point, the westbound direction of US 46 has a ramp to northbound I-287, with access to and from southbound",
"and from the westbound lane and where US 46 east can only be entered from the eastbound lane and to the eastbound lane. As it crosses under I-80, US 46 becomes a six-lane divided highway. The road is lined with a moderate amounts of businesses, most with right-in/right-out (RIRO) access, as it continues southeast through Denville, narrowing to four lanes before coming to an interchange with Route 53. From this interchange, the route continues east before curving southeast and entering Mountain Lakes. In Mountain Lakes, US 46 crosses under the Montclair-Boonton Line before continuing into Parsippany-Troy Hills. Here, the road comes to US 202/CR 511 before passing under I-287. At this point, the westbound direction of US 46 has a ramp to northbound I-287, with access to and from southbound I-287 provided by US 202. Past the I-287 crossing, the road comes to another partial interchange with I-80 near the western terminus of I-280. Past this interchange, US 46 widens to six lanes and enters Montville. In Montville, the route narrows back to four lanes, and has traffic light-controlled intersections with New Road and Hook Mountain Road/Chapin Road. It then has an interchange with Route 159 and makes a turn to the northeast. Upon crossing the Passaic River at Pine Brook, US 46 enters Essex County into Fairfield Township. A short distance into Essex County, US 46 has another interchange with Route 159 (Clinton Road), providing access to that route and to its continuation as CR 627 (Plymouth Street). Shortly farther along US 46, Route 159 and CR 627 meet it at a traffic light-controlled intersection, providing cross-traffic and turns onto US 46. Past this point, US 46 remains a surface road with RIRO-accessed driveways, but has several intersections controlled by interchanges. Within Fairfield, US 46 has interchanges with Hollywood Avenue and Passaic Avenue as well as two trumpet interchanges providing access to Fairfield Road, which runs a short distance to the south of US 46. The route crosses the Passaic River again into Wayne in Passaic County. The median splits as the road passes to the north of the Willowbrook Mall, with an exit serving the mall, before reaching the Spaghetti Bowl interchange with partial access to I-80 and full access to Route 23. Within this interchange, US 46 passes under the Montclair-Boonton Line again. From here, it passes businesses and many shopping centers with RIRO access as a six-lane highway, heading into Totowa. In this area, the route has interchanges with CR 640 and Route 62/CR 646. The road turns southeast, crossing the Passaic River a third time into Little Falls. At this point, US 46 runs along the Little Falls/Woodland Park border, interchanging CR 639 and Browertown Road. After the exit for Lower Notch Road, the route enters more wooded surroundings, interchanging with Notch Road/Rifle Camp Road before entering Clifton. Upon reaching Clifton, US 46 has an interchange with the western terminus of Route 3 and Valley Road (CR 621), with the Valley Road exit stitched into the Route 3 side of the highway fork. Prior to reconstruction of the interchanges, the Valley Road ramp exited before Route 3 began, and Route 3 branched off immediately after Valley Road. Past Route 3, the highway narrows to four lanes, continuing east-northeast as a limited-access divided highway with some RIRO-accessed businesses still on it, though many roads are accessed through over and underpasses. US 46 has an exit for Van Houten Avenue/Grove Street before coming to a large interchange with Route 19/CR 509 and the Garden State Parkway. After this, the road passes over the New Jersey Transit Main Line and has an exit for Hazel Street/Paulison Avenue. After the exit, US 46 begins a brief concurrence with Piaget Avenue in Clifton with a series of connector streets and three intersections controlled by stoplights. After the third, at Day Street near Christopher Columbus Middle School, the two roads split at a fork, marked as an exit, with US 46 continuing eastbound to the left and Piaget Avenue continuing to the right. Vehicles traveling west on Piaget Avenue have access to US 46 West through use of a one way underpass that carries US 46 East over it, and also have access to US 46 East by a right-turn only lane near the intersection of Piaget Avenue and Fourth Street. After the split, US 46 turns into a limited-access road again and passes under Main Avenue/CR 601 and former Erie Railway tracks before coming to an interchange with the northern terminus of Route 21. From this interchange, the route turns north along the west bank of the Passaic River, crossing the Garden State Parkway again before widening to six lanes and meeting the southern terminus of Route 20 at an interchange near the border of Paterson. US 46 turns east and crosses the Passaic River a fourth and final time, entering Bergen County in Elmwood Park. Immediately after the river, the route has an interchange for CR 507. Passing through more RIRO-accessed business areas, the road narrows to four lanes and has a partial interchange with the Garden State Parkway. Past the parkway, US 46 continues as a road with some jughandles and other traffic light-controlled intersections (but still largely maintaining RIRO access to driveways and side streets), passing through a small corner of Garfield before crossing into Saddle Brook. Within Saddle Brook, the road turns more to the southeast and crosses over New Jersey Transit's Bergen County Line. Continuing east, US 46 has an exit for with Outwater Lane and crosses into Lodi. Through this area, there is no access across the median of US 46, as it interchanges with Main Street. The route continues into Hasbrouck Heights, where it turns more south-southeast, interchanging with Boulevard. A short distance later, US 46 reaches an interchange with Route 17 and crosses New Jersey Transit's Pascack Valley Line near the Teterboro station. From here, US 46 enters Teterboro and interchanges with Green Street before continuing southeast as a six-lane highway through industrial areas, passing to the north of Teterboro Airport. The road continues into Little Ferry, where it passes suburban residential and commercial areas and narrows into a four-lane undivided road called Sylvan Avenue, turning to the east and crossing CR 503. After intersecting the Bergen Turnpike at the modified Little Ferry Circle, which US 46 runs through, the route crosses the Hackensack River into Ridgefield Park on the Route 46 Hackensack River Bridge. In Ridgefield Park, the route is called Winant Avenue and becomes a four-lane divided highway before briefly becoming undivided again. Upon turning back into a divided highway, US 46 comes to a large interchange with I-95/New Jersey Turnpike. Past this interchange, the route widens to six lanes and crosses the Overpeck Creek into Ridgefield. Upon entering Palisades Park, the road has an interchange with Route 93 before reaching a diamond interchange with US 1-9. US 46 continues southeast as a four-lane freeway, with the US 1-9 ramps following the route a short distance before merging into the route. At this point, US 1-9 become concurrent with US 46 and the freeway makes a sharp turn to the north-northeast. The road has an interchange to the 5th Street and 6th Street frontage roads, which parallel the freeway through residential areas and provide access to CR 501. US 1-9 / US 46 continue into Fort Lee, where it has access to a couple commercial areas via RIRO before encountering the northern terminus of Route 63 at a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. From here, the highway becomes a surface road that continues past more businesses and homes with RIRO access, angling northeast as it comes to an exit for Main Street. Immediately past this point, the road turns east and encounters a complex interchange with I-95, the eastern terminus of Route 4, and the southern terminus of US 9W. Here, US 1-9 / US 46 all join I-95 (although US",
"46 and the freeway makes a sharp turn to the north-northeast. The road has an interchange to the 5th Street and 6th Street frontage roads, which parallel the freeway through residential areas and provide access to CR 501. US 1-9 / US 46 continue into Fort Lee, where it has access to a couple commercial areas via RIRO before encountering the northern terminus of Route 63 at a westbound exit and eastbound entrance. From here, the highway becomes a surface road that continues past more businesses and homes with RIRO access, angling northeast as it comes to an exit for Main Street. Immediately past this point, the road turns east and encounters a complex interchange with I-95, the eastern terminus of Route 4, and the southern terminus of US 9W. Here, US 1-9 / US 46 all join I-95 (although US 46 is unsigned east of this interchange) and continue to the southeast along a multilane freeway with local-express lane configuration consisting of four local lanes and four express lanes in each direction, passing numerous high-rise buildings. The road has an interchange with Route 67 at GWB Plaza before coming to the eastbound toll plaza for the George Washington Bridge. Past the toll plaza, there is an interchange for the Palisades Interstate Parkway. After the Palisades Interstate Parkway, the road crosses the Hudson River on the George Washington Bridge, which has eight lanes total on the upper deck (formed from the express lanes) and six lanes total on the lower deck (formed from the local lanes). At the New Jersey/New York border on the bridge, US 46 ends while I-95 and US 1-9 continue into the borough of Manhattan in New York City on the Trans-Manhattan Expressway. Prior to 1927, what is today US 46 was followed by three different routes. The first route was Pre-1927 Route 5, which was first legislated in 1916. It began by crossing the Delaware River from Pennsylvania at the community of Delaware. Several undercrossings of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad near Delaware were bypassed with a short new road on the southwest side of the railroad. From there, Route 5 used the existing Delaware Road to north of Belvidere, then the Buttzville-Belvidere Road to Buttzville, the Buttzville Road to Great Meadows, and the Danville Mountain Road to Hackettstown. From Hackettstown to Denville, Routes 5 ran concurrently with Pre-1927 Route 12, which was first legislated in 1917. A mostly-new road (now eastbound US 46) was built from Hackettstown east to Netcong to avoid steep grades on the existing roads. Portions of the existing Budd's Lake Road were used between Budd Lake and Netcong. From Netcong the route used the old Morris Turnpike to Ledgewood and the Dover Turnpike to Dover, running into Dover on Blackwell Street. Blackwell Street led to Rockaway Road, becoming Main Street in Rockaway, from which it used the old Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike to Denville. At Denville, Route 5 turned south, while Route 12 continued east along the Parsippany and Rockaway Turnpike to Pine Brook. The route left the old turnpike there to head northeast towards Paterson, starting with the Pine Brook Road (now Fairfield Road and Little Falls Road) to Little Falls. A bypass was planned around the south side of Little Falls, taking it under the Erie Railroad at Union Boulevard. From there Route 12 would use Union Boulevard, Totowa Road and McBride Avenue into Paterson. Pre-1927 Route 10, which was legislated in 1917, continued east on Market Street on the other side of Paterson to Edgewater, where it connected to the Fort Lee Ferry across the Hudson River. The new alignments were generally built as planned, except at Little Falls, where a bypass was to be built for Route 12. The expansion of the highway system followed the opening of the George Washington Bridge. In the 1927 renumbering, Route 6 was assigned to the route across northern New Jersey, using the old Route 5 from Delaware to Netcong, Route 12 from Hackettstown to Paterson, and a generally new alignment parallel to Route 10 from Paterson to the proposed George Washington Bridge; the old Route 10 alignment between Paterson and Edgewater was to become Route 5. In Paterson, Route 6 was marked along McBride Avenue, Spruce Street and Market Street. Route 6 was redefined in 1929 to use none of the old road east of Paterson (it had formerly been planned to use Market Street west of roughly where Route 17 now crosses it), and Route 5 was cut back to run only east from Ridgefield. The portion of pre-1927 Route 10 that was bypassed by Route 6 was designated Route 10N, but was eventually removed from the state highway system. In addition, Route 6 was redefined to bypass Paterson to the south. The new route would enter Paterson just south of Market Street, but then turn south and southwest before heading back west to rejoin the old route at the east end of the Little Falls bypass at the Union Boulevard crossing. The old road along Union Boulevard towards Paterson was assigned Route S6, as a spur of Route 6. Route S6 became Route 62 in the 1953 renumbering, and has since been truncated to a short piece between US 46 and I-80 in Totowa. By 1937, most of Route 6 had been completed with the exception of the Paterson bypass. In 1938, a spur of Route 6 called Route 6A was legislated to run from Route 6 in Dover north to US 206/Route S31 in Lafayette Township; this became Route 15 in 1953. A realignment at the Passaic River crossing near Pine Brook was built in the 1940s, along with a new road for a short distance west from Pine Brook. Also in the 1940s, the road was widened west into Denville, and a bypass of downtown Denville, including an interchange at Route 5N (now Route 53) was built. The Route 6 designation was dropped in favor of U.S. Route 46 in the 1953 renumbering. In 1925, the US 46 designation was first proposed for a route in Colorado connecting Limon to Grand Junction, but it instead became US 40S. The current US 46 was marked in 1936 between Portland, Pennsylvania and the George Washington Bridge. At the time, the new Route 6 had not been completed from Route 2 (now Route 17) west to Route S6 (now Route 62), and so US 46 was marked through Paterson until this portion was completed by the 1940s. At the west end of Route 6, US 46 continued over the Delaware River on the Delaware Bridge into Pennsylvania, replacing Pennsylvania Route 987 north to Portland, where it ended at US 611. The Delaware Water Gap Toll Bridge and its associated freeway to Columbia (now I-80) opened in December 1953, as did the new Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge. Following this, US 611 was rerouted to cross the river twice in order to use the freeway through the Delaware Water Gap, and US 46 was moved to former Route 94 (pre-1953 Route 8) to end at the Columbia, New Jersey side of the Portland-Columbia Toll Bridge. The former approaches to the Darlington's Bridge, which itself was dismantled by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission in 1954, became Route 163 in New Jersey and State Route 1039 in Pennsylvania. The US 611 freeway was designated I-80 by 1960, and US 611 was moved back to its old all-Pennsylvania alignment by 1972, leaving US 46 to end at I-80 and Route 94. In 1964, the approach to the George Washington Bridge, shared with US 1-9, was rebuilt into a freeway that became a part of I-95. Since then, many changes have occurred to US 46.The Little Ferry Circle, initially constructed in 1933, was modified in 1985 to allow US 46 to run straight through the circle. In 1998, the Ledgewood Circle at the western terminus of Route 10 was replaced with a signalized T-intersection. In 2007, the NJDOT announced that they would eliminate the Little Ferry Circle by turning it into a straight intersection; work ran through 2014. The Netcong Circle at Route 183 was replaced with a signalized intersection a cost of $13.3 million in 2013. A temporary junction opened in January of that year with the permanent configuration completed the following",
"and Route 94. In 1964, the approach to the George Washington Bridge, shared with US 1-9, was rebuilt into a freeway that became a part of I-95. Since then, many changes have occurred to US 46.The Little Ferry Circle, initially constructed in 1933, was modified in 1985 to allow US 46 to run straight through the circle. In 1998, the Ledgewood Circle at the western terminus of Route 10 was replaced with a signalized T-intersection. In 2007, the NJDOT announced that they would eliminate the Little Ferry Circle by turning it into a straight intersection; work ran through 2014. The Netcong Circle at Route 183 was replaced with a signalized intersection a cost of $13.3 million in 2013. A temporary junction opened in January of that year with the permanent configuration completed the following August. In addition, the interchange between US 46 and the western terminus of Route 3 is planned to be reconstructed. This project will reconfigure ramps, bring bridges up to standard, and will provide for three-lane connections between Route 3 and U.S. Route 46. It was announced in 2003 and is projected to cost $200 million. Construction on the first contract began in December 2015 and is expected to be complete in mid-2018. The second contract is in the final design stage. U.S. Route 46 U.S. Route 46 (US 46) is an east–west U.S. Highway completely within the state of New Jersey, running for , making it the shortest signed, non-spur U.S. Highway. The west end is at an interchange with Interstate 80 (I-80) and Route 94 in Columbia, Warren County on the Delaware River. The east end is in the middle of the George Washington"
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"Francis (footballer, born 1983) Francisco Javier Solar González (born 14 September 1983), commonly known as Francis, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Marbella FC as a goalkeeper. Born in Málaga, Andalusia, Francis finished his graduation with local Málaga CF, and made his senior debuts with the B-team on 30 August 2003, in a 2–3 away loss against UD Almería for the Segunda División championship. He played in Segunda División B but also in Tercera División in the following years, representing Valencia CF Mestalla, CD Eldense, UD Juventud Barrio del Cristo (two stints), Ontinyent CF and CD Olímpic de Xàtiva; with the latter he achieved promotion from the fourth level in 2011, appearing in 27 matches. On 22 June 2014, after four full seasons as an undisputed starter, Francis moved to fellow third division side CF Reus Deportiu. On 16 January of the following year, after being a backup to Édgar Badía, he joined Marbella FC in the same level. Francis (footballer, born 1983) Francisco Javier Solar González (born 14 September 1983), commonly known as Francis, is a Spanish footballer who plays for Marbella FC as a goalkeeper. Born in Málaga, Andalusia, Francis finished his graduation with local Málaga CF,"
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"Shain Neumeier Shain Mahaffey Neumeier (born 1987) is an American autistic and nonbinary transgender activist and attorney from Los Angeles, California. An activist for disability rights, youth liberation, asexuality, and transgender rights, Neumeier was diagnosed as autistic in 2010 while a law student. They also have other disabilities including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, cleft lip and palate, and ectodermal dysplasia. Neumeier endorses pro-choice activism while also strongly opposing contemporary eugenics, such as the idea that people should avoid bringing pregnancies to term where the fetus might have a disability once born. Neumeier is best known for advocacy against coercive and forced treatment, including advocacy to close the Judge Rotenberg Center, an institution for people with developmental disabilities known for use of electric skin shock aversive treatment. Neumeier is best known for advocacy against coercive and forced treatment, including advocacy to close the Judge Rotenberg Center, an institution for people with developmental disabilities known for use of electric skin shock aversive treatment. The Judge Rotenberg Center has been a major issue of contention in the autism rights movement, with many neurodiversity and disability rights organizations condemning the electric skin shock aversive treatment as inhumane, while its supporters, who may be parents, former residents, or clinicians, believe that the treatments are beneficial and life-saving. In 2012, Neumeier attended a medical malpractice trial against the Judge Rotenberg Center brought by former resident Andre McCollins, who received 31 shocks over a period of six hours. Neumeier published a series of seven articles for the Autistic Self Advocacy Network about the trial testimony, including an account of the first instance that video of the electric skin shocks was made available for public viewing. Neumeier also testified at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2014 public hearing on a proposal to ban electric shock treatments for behavioral modification of people with developmental disabilities. In 2016, Neumeier published an op-ed in USA Today calling for a final ban on the electric shock aversives. Neumeier opposes use of electric skin shock aversive treatment as a form of torture, and believes its use is connected to the behavioral modification goals of applied behavior analysis, a widely used form of early intervention treatment for autism. While a law student, Neumeier authored a pamphlet on the use of restraint and seclusion on special education students in Massachusetts public schools, as an intern for the Mental Health Legal Advisors Committee. After graduating from Smith College and Suffolk University Law School, Neumeier worked on youth rights policy issues for the Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth. Neumeier represented CAFETY at an industry conference of children's and youth behavioral modification residential treatment programs hosted by the American Association of Children’s Residential Centers, at which Neumeier advocated against the use of what they described as \"fear-based marketing techniques\" advertising quick fixes for challenging behavior and for more stringent regulations on treatment programs for youth. In December 2013, upon invitation by the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture, Neumeier joined CAFETY's Executive Director Kathryn Whitehead for an expert consultation meeting hosted at the Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law on torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment in health-care settings with international human rights organizations, and delivered a presentation on systemic patterns of abuses in youth residential treatment programs, which CAFETY refers to as the troubled teen industry. Later as an attorney, Neumeier worked for Disability Rights New York, a statewide protection and advocacy agency for people with disabilities, before going into solo practice in Massachusetts. Neumeier is also an adviser for Supported Decision-Making New York, a statewide coalition focused on development of best practices and policies to enable people with intellectual disabilities and cognitive impairments to increase individual autonomy while receiving support for complex decision-making processes, such as financial, medical, or services eligibility issues. Neumeier is also an adviser and New England Region Leader for the Intersex and Genderqueer Recognition Project, a transgender rights legal and advocacy organization that works to secure legal recognition of nonbinary gender identities, such as through gender-neutral sex or gender markers on government-issued identification. As an advocate in the neurodiversity and transgender rights movements, Neumeier has spoken at conferences including the annual Rebellious Lawyering Conference at Yale Law School, Creating Change, the Autism National Committee, Brandeis University's DEIS Impact Roundtable for Social Justice, the inaugural Disability Intersectionality Summit in Boston, and the Georgetown University Lecture and Performance Series on Disability Justice. In August 2017, Neumeier delivered the keynote address at the National Empowerment Center's Alternatives Conference for consumers and peers with mental health disabilities. Neumeier has also written and commented on reproductive justice, abortion rights, and bodily autonomy for \"The Nation,\" Rewire, and \"NOS Magazine.\" One of Neumeier's articles about abuse and discrimination against children with disabilities in the educational context was published in translation by Icelandic disability rights organization Tabú. Neumeier received the Leadership in Advocacy Award from the Association of University Centers on Disabilities in 2015. Neumeier's father is Ed Neumeier, a screenwriter and director who created the film \"Robocop\". Shain Neumeier Shain Mahaffey Neumeier (born 1987) is an American autistic and nonbinary transgender activist and attorney from Los Angeles, California. An activist for disability rights, youth liberation, asexuality, and transgender rights, Neumeier was diagnosed as autistic in 2010 while a law student. They also have other disabilities including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, cleft lip and palate, and ectodermal dysplasia. Neumeier endorses pro-choice activism"
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"Stafford County, Kansas Stafford County (standard abbreviation: SF) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 4,437. Its county seat is St. John. The county is named in honor of Lewis Stafford, captain of Company E, First Kansas Infantry, who was killed at the Battle of Young's Point in Madison Parish, Louisiana on June 7, 1863. For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau. In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but kept title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land in modern-day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1879, Stafford County was established. The boundaries of Stafford County were defined by the Kansas Legislature of 1870 but for several years, the county remained unorganized. The Legislature of 1875, with the intention of obliterating the county from the map, gave the territory in Stafford County to other counties. They gave the portion in Range 15 West to Pawnee County; the portion included in Ranges 11, 12, 13 and 14 to Barton County; and the south half of the county, excepting the portion in Range 15, was added to Pratt County. But after each of the counties had taken its part, a strip six miles wide and twelve miles long (two townships) remained as Stafford County. This was the condition of the county until April 25, 1879, when, by a decision of the Supreme Court, the act of the Legislature dividing the county was declared unconstitutional and the county was restored to its original boundaries. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,789 people, 2,010 households, and 1,294 families residing in the county. The population density was 6 people per square mile (2/km²). There were 2,458 housing units at an average density of 3 per square mile (1/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.97% White, 0.15% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.13% Asian, 2.97% from other races, and 1.42% from two or more races. 5.41% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,010 households out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.90% were married couples living together, 5.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.60% were non-families. 33.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.99. In the county, the population was spread out with 26.30% under the age of 18, 5.40% from 18 to 24, 24.60% from 25 to 44, 22.50% from 45 to 64, and 21.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.40 males. The median income for a household in the county was $31,107, and the median income for a family was $38,235. Males had a median income of $27,328 versus $21,063 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,409. About 8.70% of families and 11.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.20% of those under age 18 and 8.90% of those age 65 or over. Although the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 to allow the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with the approval of voters, Stafford County remained a prohibition, or \"dry\", county until an election in 2016 when this prohibition was removed by 1,304 to 535, 71% of the vote. Stafford County is divided into twenty-one townships. None of the cities within the county are considered \"governmentally independent\", and all figures for the townships include those of the cities. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size. Stafford County, Kansas Stafford County (standard abbreviation: SF) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. As of the 2010 census, the county population was 4,437. Its county seat is St. John. The county is named"
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"Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia) The Allgemeine Zeitung (literally in English 'General Newspaper') founded in 1916, is the oldest daily newspaper in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. The \"Allgemeine Zeitung\" is a Namibian newspaper. It is written by 10 editors; most of the staff members are either born or naturalized Namibians. The newspaper leans liberal-conservative. With a steadily growing circulation from about 5,300 copies (Mondays to Thursdays, 12 to 16 pages) to about 6,200 copies (Fridays, up to 32 pages) (status: November 2015; up from 5,000 and 6,000, respectively, in 2009) the \"\"AZ\"\" is read mostly by German-speaking Namibians (~25,000). A few hundred papers are sent to South Africa and some (mostly the Friday release) to Namibian expatriates and to Germany. Once a month (usually on the first Tuesday of the month), an extra for tourists is added. The circulation then increases to about 12,000 copies. In 1991 Democratic Media Holdings (DMH) bought the Newspaper. The managing editor since 2004 is Stefan Fischer. He modernized the design, which increased demand and led to initial profit for the \"Allgemeine Zeitung\". DMH also prints and releases \"Die Republikein\", which is written in Afrikaans, and the \"Namibian Sun\". All editorial content in the newspaper is written in German, a common language in Namibia. The \"Allgemeine Zeitung\" was founded on 22 July 1916 under the name \"Der Kriegsbote\" (literally 'The War Envoy') and reported on the events of the First World War. After Germany was defeated and lost German South West Africa (now Namibia) to South Africa, the name was changed to \"Allgemeine Zeitung\" on 1 July 1919. In 1937, the newspaper was bought by the publisher John Meinert Ltd. The newspaper was released daily, except for Sundays, with a circulation of 1,800 copies. Most of the readers were Germans from Windhoek and surroundings. At that time the tagline was changed to indicate the intent to \"support German national interests\". For a short while starting in 1939, the newspaper was released under the name \"Deutscher Beobachter\" ('German Observer'). At the same time, smaller newspapers were released, such as \"Der Farmer\" ('The Farmer'), \"Das Volksblatt\" ('The People's Paper') owned by the Workers Association of South Africa, the \"Karakulzüchter\" ('The Karakul Stockman'), founded in 1933, and the \"Heimat\" ('Home'), a German paper for Africa's evangelical community. In 1958, Kurt Dahlmann, Germany's highest-decorated Jabo pilot of World War II, was hired as editor-in-chief. Writing under the pen name \"Stachus\", symbolised as a potted cactus with an oblique dip pen, Dahlmann was adamant about the fleeting nature of apartheid. He wrote many editorials on this topic, suggesting ways that Namibia and South Africa should address the issue of inevitable black rule in both countries. In 1978, when the \"AZ\" and the \"Windhoek Advertiser\" were the only independent newspapers in South West Africa, Diether Lauenstein purchased both papers. Dahlmann alleged that the money came from the regime in Pretoria; Klaus Dierks states that the German right-wing Hanns Seidel Foundation was the source of the financial backing. Dahlmann was fired and Lauenstein took over the editorship himself with the aim of bringing the paper \"on a more conservative, pro-South African, pro-Apartheid and anti-Independence course\". In 1981 Hans Feddersen became editor-in-chief. Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia) The Allgemeine Zeitung (literally in English 'General Newspaper') founded in 1916, is the oldest daily newspaper in Namibia and the only German-language daily in Africa. The \"Allgemeine Zeitung\" is a Namibian newspaper. It is written by 10 editors; most of the staff members are either born or naturalized Namibians. The newspaper leans liberal-conservative. With a steadily growing circulation from about 5,300 copies (Mondays to Thursdays, 12"
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"Can Dündar Can Dündar (, born 16 June 1961 in Ankara) is a Turkish journalist, columnist and documentarian. Editor-in-chief of center-left \"Cumhuriyet\" newspaper until August 2016, he was arrested in November 2015 after his newspaper published footage showing the State Intelligence MİT sending weapons to Syrian Islamist fighters. One of the best known figures in Turkish media, Dündar has written for several newspapers, produced many television programs for state-owned TRT and various private channels including CNN Türk and NTV, and published more than 20 books. Dündar is the recipient of the International Press Freedom Award by the Committee to Protect Journalists. In 2016, Can Dündar, together with Erdem Gül, were awarded the Prize for the Freedom and Future of the Media, by the Leipzig Media Foundation, lead partner of the European Centre for Press and Media Freedom. Since June 2016, he has lived in exile in Germany, with an arrest warrant against him in Turkey. Dündar studied journalism at the Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University, and graduated in 1982. He continued his education at the London School of Journalism in 1986. He received his master's degree in 1988 and in 1996 earned his Ph.D. in political science from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara. Dündar has contributed to various print publications, including \"Hürriyet\" (1983–1985), \"Nokta\", \"Haftaya Bakış, Söz\" and \"Tempo\". From October 1996 to June 1998 he moderated his own TV-Show (Turkish) where he discussed current themes in Turkey. It got aired weekly on \"Show TV\" with Erbil Tuşalp and Celal Kazdağlı as the editors-in-chief. He wrote for \"Sabah\" from January 1999 to April 2000 and \"Milliyet\" from January 2000. On television, he has been involved in \"Yanki\" (1979–83) and \"32. Gün\" (1989–95) among others, including (2009). His work often \"traces Turkey’s evolution into a modern nation and provides historical and political detail regarding crucial events, debates, and conflicts.\" This includes profiles of historical and political figures such as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Ismet Inönü, Nazim Hikmet and Vehbi Koç. His screenplay for the 2008 film \"Mustafa\" depicted the founder of the Republic of Turkey as a regular man with fears, passions and human expectations, rather than a life-size hero. A longstanding columnnist for \"Milliyet\", Dündar was laid off in August 2013 for \"writing too sharply\" about the Gezi protests and the developments in Egypt, as the paper's owner Erdoğan Demirören put it. Dündar recalled: \"It was said to me, ‘We do not wish to see stories that will displease the prime minister in this paper. Everything displeases them, and after they are displeased, they go after us’.\" Subsequently, he turned to the center-left \"Cumhuriyet\", and on 8 February 2015 became the newspaper's new editor-in-chief. In November, \"Cumhuriyet\" was awarded the 2015 Reporters Without Borders Prize for its \"independent and courageous journalism.\" Shortly thereafter, Dündar and \"Cumhuriyet\"'s Ankara bureau chief Erdem Gül were arrested on charges of being members of a terror organization, espionage and revealing confidential documents, facing sentences of up to life imprisonment. The investigations had been launched in May, after the newspaper published photos depicting weapons transferred to Syria in trucks of the National Intelligence Organization, subject of the MİT trucks scandal. In June 2015, Turkish President Erdoğan had publicly targeted Dündar, stating: \"The individual who reported this as an exclusive story will pay a heavy price for this.\" In prison, Dündar was denied colored pencils to draw with but made his own paint by pressing fruit in his cell, refusing the ban on color and smuggling his paintings out of prison because he \"wanted to prove that color can exist even in the darkest of places.\" After 92 days in prison, Dündar and Gül were released on 26 February 2016 after the Supreme Court decided that their detention was an \"undue deprivation of liberty\". On 6 May 2016, there was an assassination attempt witnessed by multiple reporters in front of the Istanbul courthouse where Dündar had just been defending himself against charges of treason. The assailant was stopped by Dündar's wife and a member of parliament, Muharrem Erkek, before he could fire more than two shots. Dündar was unhurt, but another journalist suffered an injury in the leg. The assailant was taken into custody by plain-clothed police. On the same day, Dündar was sentenced to imprisonment for five years and 10 months for ″leaking secret information of the state″. Dündar moved to Germany in June 2016. In August 2016, he stepped down from his position of editor-in-chief in \"Cumhuriyet\" and announced that he would continue as a columnist in the newspaper. An arrest warrant \"in absentia\" was issued in Turkey for him on 31 October 2016. He is married to Dilek Dündar, and the couple have one child. His father allegedly worked for the National Intelligence Organization. Can Dündar Can Dündar (, born 16 June 1961"
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"Dov'è l'amore \"Dov'è l'amore\" (; ) is the fourth international single by American singer-actress Cher from her twenty-second studio album, \"Believe\". It was released in the U.S.A. on July 6, 1999 by Warner Bros, and WEA. Entertainment Weekly described this song as \"Italian salsa\" further adding that Cher's unmistakable voice makes the song shine. In a 1999 Norwegian interview, when Cher said that Dov'è l'amore would serve as her fourth international single, she also revealed that singer Madonna insisted that she wanted to direct its music video, but for unknown reasons, she was replaced by Jamie O'Connor. The video for Dov'è l'amore follows the story of a man who tries to win the affections of a Latina woman. During the course of the video many people are shown dancing to flamenco, others are shown playing guitars and some people are just enjoying watching the dancers. In the video Cher wore a big red flamenco dress and she sat in a red room while singing and petting a chihuahua dog. The concept of the song and video was considered an attempt to ride into the wave of the rising Latin influence in music at the time of its release, having both a Spanish genre, and Italian lyrics. The track used for the original Dov'è l'amore video was the (Emilio Estefan, Jr. Radio Edit) instead of the album version which is a bit slower and nearly 30 seconds longer in track length. In late 1999, Dan-O-Rama remixed the Dov'è l'amore video, but instead of using a remix of the song he left the Dov'è l'amore (Emilio Estefan Jr. Radio Edit) in it and only remixed some video clips. In the year 2000, this video was released as a promo on VHS tape in the UK. In 2004, it was officially released on DVD in the video compilation, . Cher performed the song on the following concert tour: The song was also performed on several TV shows . These are the formats and track listings of all single releases of \"Dov'è l'amore\". US CD maxi-single US 2 x 12\" vinyl US 12\" vinyl UK 12\" vinyl Germany CD single Germany 2 x 12\" vinyl Same track listing of the \"Germany CD Single\" but, with the \"Dov'è l'amore\" (Ray Roc's Latin Soul Vocal Mix) and \"Dov'è l'amore\" (Ray Roc's Latin Soul Instrumental) mixes. UK CD single pt. 1 UK CD single pt. 2 Emilio Estefan remixes Ray Roc remixes Todd Terry remixes Tony Moran remixes Almighty Remixes Promo Dov'è l'amore \"Dov'è l'amore\" (; ) is the fourth international single by American singer-actress Cher from her twenty-second studio album, \"Believe\". It was released in the U.S.A. on July 6, 1999 by Warner Bros, and WEA. Entertainment Weekly described this song as \"Italian salsa\" further adding that Cher's unmistakable voice makes the song shine. In a 1999 Norwegian interview, when Cher said that Dov'è l'amore would serve as her fourth international single, she also revealed that singer Madonna insisted that she wanted to direct its music"
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"In 1918, after the controversy over Brenner's name and initials on the reverse had died down, his initials were placed on the obverse with no further controversy. They are to be found in minute form on the rim of the bust, just under the shoulder of Lincoln. \n Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several typefaces for the date, but most of the digits have been old-style numerals, except with the 4 and 8 neither ascending nor descending. The only significant divergence is that the small 3 was non-descending (the same size as a 0, 1, or 2) in the early history, before switching to a descending, large 3 for just one year in 1934 and then permanently (as of 2014) in 1943. Similarly, the digit 5 was small and non-descending up to 1945, then from 1950 and on, it became a large descending 5. From 1959 until 2008, the Lincoln Memorial was shown on the reverse of the United States cent. Because the Lincoln Memorial was shown in sufficient detail to discern the statue of Lincoln on the reverse of cent, Abraham Lincoln was at that time the only person to be depicted on both the obverse and reverse of the same United States coin. In 1999, the New Jersey state quarter was released, which depicts George Washington on both sides, crossing the Delaware River on the reverse side and in profile on the obverse. (The state quarter for South Dakota, released in 2006, also features Washington on both sides:the typical profile on the obverse, and Washington within Mount Rushmore on the reverse.) Some of the 2009 reverse design series no longer showed Abraham Lincoln, and the 2010 Lincoln Union Shield has removed the president from the coin reverse for the foreseeable future. \n Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall composition of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, and are minted on blanks produced for the Mint by an outside manufacturer (Jarden Zinc Products). Except for the new lighter total coin weight of 2.5 grams each, these newer coins are identical in diameter and thickness, and nearly in appearance, to the mostly copper (95%) cents issued before mid-1982, which weighed 3.11 grams each. A few pennies were struck by error in brass dated 1983 and are extremely rare. \n The first Doubled Die error occurred during the production of the 1909 VDB. Not identified until the 1970s, it shows the RTY in Liberty and the 190 of the date slightly doubled. This coin is extremely rare in high grades. \n It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not actually spend them, but rather only receive them in change at stores and proceed to return them to a bank for higher denomination currencies, or cash them in at coin counting kiosks. Most modern vending machines do not accept pennies, further diminishing their utility, and the production cost (figured in U.S. Dollars) now exceeds the face value of the coin, caused by increasing inflation. In 2001 and 2006, for example, United States Representative Jim Kolbe (R) of Arizona introduced bills which would have stopped production of pennies (in 2001, the Legal Tender Modernization Act, and in 2006, the Currency Overhaul for an Industrious Nation ( COIN) Act ). \n The 2005 act that authorized the redesign for the Bicentennial stated that another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent will be minted which \"shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country\". Eighteen designs were proposed for the reverse of the 2010 cent. On April 16, 2009 the Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) met and selected a design that showed 13 wheat sheaves bound together with a ring symbolizing American unity as one nation. Later this design was withdrawn because it was similar to coinage issued in Germany in the 1920s. The Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee later met and chose a design showing a Union shield with ONE CENT superimposed in a scroll; E Pluribus Unum was also depicted in the upper portion of the shield. In June 2009 the CFA met again and chose a design featuring a modern rendition of the American flag. As a part of the release ceremony for the last of the 2009 cents on November 12, the design for the 2010 cent was announced. The design chosen was the one that was chosen earlier by the CCAC. According to the Mint, the 13 stripes on the shield \"represent the states joined in one compact union to support the Federal government, represented by the horizontal bar above.\" The Mint also noted that a shield was commonly used in paintings in the Capitol hallways painted by Constantino Brumidi, an artist in the Capitol active during the Lincoln Presidency. The obverse of the cent was also changed to a modern rendition of Brenner's design. The new Union Shield design replaces the Lincoln memorial in use since 1959. The coin was designed by artist Lyndall Bass and sculpted by U.S. Mint sculptor-engraver Joseph Menna. In January 2010, the coins were released early in Puerto Rico; this was caused by a shortage of 2009-dated pennies on the island. The new design was released at a ceremony at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield, Illinois on February 11, 2010. \n Wartime zinc-plated steel, 1943. The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1943. \n When copper reached a record high in February 2011, the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.55152 cents. \n Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th U.S. President, thought American coins were so common and uninspiring that he attempted to get the motto \"In God We Trust\" removed as offending religion. Roosevelt had the opportunity to pose for a young Lithuanian-born Jew, Victor David Brenner, who, since arriving nineteen years earlier in the United States had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's Lower East Side and was immediately impressed with a bas-relief that Brenner had made of Lincoln, based on a Mathew Brady photograph. Roosevelt, who considered Lincoln the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican President, and who also considered himself Lincoln's political heir, ordered the new Lincoln cent to be based on Brenner's work and to be released just in time to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday in 1909. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner created several years earlier which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York.",
"During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to the point where the cent contained almost one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternative metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons:vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging. One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. \n Production of the war-time cent was provided for in an Act of Congress approved on December 18, 1942, which also set as the expiration date of the authority December 31, 1946. Low-grade carbon steel formed the base of these coins, to which a zinc coating 0.0005-inch (0.013 mm) thick was deposited on each side electrolytically as a rust preventive. This coating was applied to the steel before the blanks were made, leaving the rims of these coins extremely susceptible to rust. The same size was maintained, but the weight was reduced from the standard 48 grains (3.1 g) to 42 grains (2.7 g), by using a lighter alloy. Production commenced on February 27, 1943, and by December 31 of that year, the three Mint facilities had produced 1,093,838,670 of the one-cent coins. The copper released for the war effort was enough to meet the combined needs of two cruisers, two destroyers, 1,243 Flying Fortresses, 120 field guns and 120 howitzers, or enough for 1,250,000 shells for large field guns. \n The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1992 at the Philadelphia and Denver mints and some of those minted in 1998 and 1999 at the San Francisco mint feature a smaller-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Close AM variety are valued at $20,000 and $5,000 for the 1992 specimens in gem uncirculated condition and $3,000 and $1,000 for the San Francisco specimens in gem proof condition. \n The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in Philadelphia feature a larger-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Wide AM variety are valued at $10, $500, and $5, respectively, in gem uncirculated condition. These reverse die errors are technically \"mule\" errors, as the reverse error dies were the same as normal proof coins of the same date. \n In honor of Lincoln's 200th anniversary, special 2009 cents were minted for collectors in the same composition as the 1909 coins. \n An additional design detail that is not readily visible to the naked eye is found on the obverse side of the 1918 onward United States cent. The letters \"VDB\" stamped on the bottom sleeve of Abraham Lincoln represent the initials of Victor David Brenner, the primary designer of the Wheat cent. \n Although the coin's abolition has been proposed because it is now worth very little, there are currently no firm plans to eliminate the penny. As of 2015, based on the U.S. Mint Annual Report released for 2014, it costs the U.S. Mint 1.67 cents (down from 2.41 cents in 2011 and 1.83 cents in 2013) to make one cent because of the cost of materials, production, and distribution. This figure includes the Mint's fixed components for distribution and fabrication, as well as Mint overhead allocated to the penny. Fixed costs and overhead would have to be absorbed by other circulating coins without the penny. The loss from producing the one cent coin in the United States for the year of 2013 was $55,000,000. This was a slight decrease from 2012, the year before, which had a production loss of $58,000,000. \n Special 2009 cents struck for sale in sets to collectors had the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909 (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc). Those struck for circulation retained the normal composition of a zinc core coated with copper. \n The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations. \n Mintage figures for the Lincoln cent can be found at Lincoln cent mintage figures. \n The following types of cents have been produced:\n There are a few 1943 cents that were produced in bronze, as opposed to the steel/zinc composition used that year. There are 10 to 12 known to exist. Likewise, a few 1944 cents were produced in steel/zinc. \n Reverses of the Lincoln cent \n--- \nWheat (1909–1958) \nLincoln Memorial (1959–2008) \nBirth and early childhood in Kentucky (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009) \nFormative Years in Indiana (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009) \nProfessional life in Illinois (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009) \nPresidency in DC (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009) \nUnion shield (2010–present) \n Later, to commemorate the trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, Werner made another design depicting the Hunterdon County Courthouse, where the trial was held, and surrounded by the legend \"HAUPTMANN TRIAL, Flemington, NJ.\" Another part of the text in \"Mrs. Astor's Horse\" states:\n In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues. \n The Lincoln cent is the current one-cent coin of the U.S. It was adopted in 1909 (which would have been Lincoln's 100th birthday), replacing the Indian Head cent. Its reverse was changed in 1959 from a wheat-stalks design to a design which includes the Lincoln Memorial (to commemorate Lincoln's sesquicentennial) and was replaced again in 2009 with four new designs to commemorate Lincoln's bicentennial. There are more one-cent coins produced than any other denomination, which makes the Lincoln cent a familiar item. In its lifespan, this coin has weathered both world wars, one of which temporarily changed its composition as part of the war effort. The obverse is the longest design used for any circulating American currency. \n In anticipation of the business of melting down U.S. pennies and U.S. nickels for profit, the U.S. Mint, which is a part of the US Department of the Treasury, implemented new regulations on December 14, 2006, which criminalize the melting of pennies and nickels and place limits on export of the coins. Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 USD and/or imprisoned for a maximum of five years. \n The U.S. Mint's official name for the coin is \"cent\" and the U.S. Treasury's official name is \"one cent piece\". The colloquial term penny derives from the British coin of the same name, the pre-decimal version of which had a similar place in the British system. In American English, pennies is the plural form. (The plural form pence–standard in British English–is not used in American English, except in reference to British currency.) \n Zinc, a major component of mid-1982-and-later U.S. cents, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach. Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic. Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia. It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal.",
"Zinc, a major component of mid-1982-and-later U.S. cents, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach. Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic. Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia. It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal. \n The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound, while the zinc coins make a lower-pitched \"clunk\". In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz. \n In 1990, 3,055 proof cents were struck at the San Francisco Mint without the \"S\" mint mark, making them appear as if they had been struck at the Philadelphia Mint. However, as no proof cents were struck in Philadelphia that year, they are easily distinguishable as errors, and highly valuable. \n In addition to the prescribed elements on U.S. coins–LIBERTY and the date–the motto In God We Trust appeared for the first time on a coin of this denomination. The United States Congress passed the Act of March 3, 1865, authorizing the use of this motto on U.S. coins, during Lincoln's tenure in office. \n Bronze, 1909–1942. Initially the alloy of the Lincoln cent followed that established for this denomination with the Indian Head design in 1864, 95% copper and 2.5% tin and 2.5% zinc. \n The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent. Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper-plating. In Fiscal Year 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011. \n A variety of privately minted tokens bearing Lincoln's image circulated as one-cent pieces during Lincoln's presidency; legitimate coinage had become scarce during the Civil War. These early tokens undoubtedly influenced the denomination, appearance, size, and composition of Lincoln cents. \n Concessionaires inside the hall carried on a lively business. A man at a stamping machine put copper caps on pennies with the head of Lincoln on one side and the inscription ff Morro Castle Fire, September, 1934, Asbury Park\" on the other. Postcard sellers in the hall disposed of 150,000 pictures of the burning ship during the first few days after the disaster. As soon as they came off the press, heart-rending poems and ballads about the fire were hawked about. \n When the Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909, it was discovered that the coining dies and their curved fields were unable to be polished to proof coining condition by existing Mint equipment. To produce Proof coinage for collectors, the U.S. Mint adopted the French technique of the Matte Proof, which was thought to highlight the design, while leaving the details of the coin as the designer intended. This was done by a sandblasting of the dies prior to use. When struck by the high pressure hydraulic press of the Philadelphia Mint Medal Room, the result was a semi-rough surface, a gentle luster and strongly defined wide square rims. These coins were produced in very small numbers, and the dies quickly developed small marks, known as diagnostics. These marks are used today by Third Party Graders and Collectors to authenticate the coin. Sold for mere pennies over face during the years of production, they were not popular with collectors. When new, the coins were wrapped in a tarnish-proof tissue, which over time proved to be anything but. Since many of these coins sat for decades unsold, vivid colors and toning developed. It is not unusual to see vivid blues, greens, lavender, coppery orange, deep reds and purple hues on these coins. Eagerly collected by numismatists today, they are among the most valuable Lincoln cents. Unencapsulated coins are easily identified by wide, square outer rims, quite unlike the rounded edges of business strikes. \n * Flying Eagle cent (1856–1858) \n * Indian Head cent (1859–1909) \n * Lincoln cent (1909–present) \n * Lincoln Wheat (1909–1958) \n * Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008) \n * Lincoln Bicentennial 4 reverse designs (2009) \n * Lincoln Union Shield (2010–present)",
"In 1969, the design was revised to make Lincoln look more like Brenner's original sculptures. \n Even though no legislation was required for the new design, approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change. Franklin MacVeagh gave his approval on July 14, 1909, and not quite three weeks later, on August 2, the new coin was released to the public. \n When the Lincoln one-cent coin made its initial appearance in 1909, it marked a radical departure from the accepted styling of United States coinage, as it was the first regular coin to bear a portrait other than the mythical Liberty which appeared on most pre-1909 regular coins. Previously, a strong feeling had prevailed against using portraits on coins in the United States, but public sentiment stemming from the 100th anniversary celebration of Abraham Lincoln's birth proved stronger than the long-standing tradition. \n The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony through present dollars). \n * Flowing Hair Chain 1793 \n * Flowing Hair Wreath 1793 \n * Liberty Cap 1793–1796 \n * Draped bust 1796–1807 \n * Classic Head 1808–1814 \n * Coronet 1816–1839 \n * Braided Hair 1839–1857, 1868 (not a regular issue)",
"The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects that of copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 that reflects that of Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records. \n Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962. \n To commemorate the Fire at the SS Morro Castle, local coin dealer Louis Werner made copper caps depicting the Morro Castle surrounded by the legend \"The Morro Castle Fire\" These would then be encased over one side of a Lincoln cent. According to \"Mrs. Astor's Horse\" by Stanley Walker:\n In 1955, a hubbing error caused some cents to get struck with an obverse die which showed doubling in all of the obverse devices, producing a prominent doubling of the date, and to a less noticeable degree, the rest of the obverse. This is known as the 1955 doubled die cent. A similar die error occurred in 1969 on dies used at the San Francisco Mint. While the 1955 doubled die cent is well-known and widely collected, the 1969-S doubled die is far rarer, with an uncirculated specimen selling for as much as $126,500 in a 2008 Heritage auction. The same mechanism produced 1972, 1983, 1984, and 1995 Doubled die cents. Doubled Dies are known for practically every date in the Lincoln cent series, but most are minor, and less impressive compared to the 1955 and the other Doubled Die varieties mentioned here. \n The U.S. Mint reported that in fiscal year 2010 the unit cost of producing and shipping one-cent coins was 1.79 cents, which is more than the face value of the coin. After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013. In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents. \n Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc \"bronze\" composition was again used. \n The Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 required that the cent's reverse be redesigned in 2009. This resulted in the mintage of four different coins showing scenes from Abraham Lincoln's life in honor of the bicentennial of his birth. \n A man with a metal press did a fair sort of business. He set up for business on the porch of the hotel. He had constructed a die depicting the Hunterdon County courthouse, surrounded by the legend, Hauptmann Trial, Flemington, N.J. On the stand beside the press lay several hundred bright new pennies and several fine strips of copper. By running the copper strips through the press, together with the pennies, he turned out Lincoln heads backed by the courthouse and the legend. The pieces sold for five cents each, three for a dime. \n A study of three potential reverses resulted in the approval of a very simple design bearing two wheatheads in memorial style. Between these, in the center of the coin, are the denomination and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, while curving around the upper border is the national motto, E Pluribus Unum, Latin for \"From Many, One.\" \n The United States one-cent coin, often called a penny, is a unit of currency equaling one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The cent's symbol is ¢. Its obverse has featured the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of his birth. From 1959 (the sesquicentennial of Lincoln's birth) to 2008, the reverse featured the Lincoln Memorial. Four different reverse designs in 2009 honored Lincoln's 200th birthday and a new, \"permanent\" reverse–the Union Shield–was introduced in 2010. The coin is 0.75 inches (19.05 mm) in diameter and 0.0598 inches (1.52 mm) in thickness. Its weight has varied, depending upon the composition of metals used in its production (see further below). \n Thus in 1909 the U.S. had six different cents:the 1909 and 1909-S Indian Head cents, and four Lincoln coins:1909 VDB, 1909-S VDB, 1909 and 1909-S. In all cases the Philadelphia mintages far exceeded the San Francisco issues. While the smallest mintage is the' 09-S Indian, the' 09-S VDB is the key Lincoln date, and hence is most valuable. Its mintage of 484,000 is only 1.7% of the plain V.D.B. \n Penny United States \n--- \nValue | 0.01 U.S. Dollars \nMass | 2.5 g (0.08 troy oz) \nDiameter | 19.05 mm (0.75 in) \nThickness | 1.52 mm (0.0598 in) \nEdge | Plain \nComposition | 1982–present copper-plated zinc 97.5% Zn, 2.5% Cu \nYears of minting | 1793–present \nCatalog number | \\-- \nObverse \nDesign | Abraham Lincoln \nDesigner | Victor D. Brenner \nDesign date | 1909 \nReverse \nDesign | Union Shield \nDesigner | Lyndall Bass \nDesign date | 2010–present \n Also, from 1935 to 1938, during the Christmas season, Werner made a design depicting Santa Claus. By donating 10 cents, shoppers in Manhattan would receive these. Additionally, if they donated an extra 5 cents, their cent would come in a greeting card holder. Other capped cents by Werner include commemoratives for Admiral Richard E. Byrd's expedition to the South Pole and Joe Louis. There was also a design featuring the Lord's prayer. \n Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to a point where the cent almost contained one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternate metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and in 1973, a total of 1,579,324 such coins were struck (dated 1974) and ready for public release. A few were distributed to members of the U.S. Congress, but aluminum was ultimately rejected for a variety of reasons. About a dozen aluminum cents are believed to still be in the hands of collectors, although they are now considered illegal to own. One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005. \n In 1922, no one-cent coins were produced by the Philadelphia Mint. However, three of the four pairs of Denver Mint worn and overly polished dies then produced the Weak D and No D varieties, making them appear as if they had been produced in Philadelphia. These varieties are known as the 1922 plain cents or 1922 no \"D\" cents. Collectors must be wary of removed mint marks. \n Wartime brass, 1944–1946. Numerous complaints about the gray color of the 1943 cents, especially that they could be mistaken for dimes, led to a change in composition of the wartime cent. On January 1, 1944, the Mint was able to adopt a modified alloy, the supply being derived from expended shell casings which, when melted, furnished a composition similar to the original, but with a much smaller trace of tin. The original weight of 48 grains (3.1 g) was also restored. \n On February 12, 1959, a revised reverse design was introduced as part of the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth. No formal competition was held. Frank Gasparro, then Assistant Engraver at the Philadelphia Mint, prepared the winning entry, selected from a group of 23 models that the engraving staff at the Mint had been asked to present for consideration. Again, only the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change because the design had been in use for more than the required 25 years. The imposing marble Lincoln Memorial provides the central motif, with the legends E Pluribus Unum and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA completing the design, together with the denomination. The initials \"FG\" appear on the right, near the shrubbery.",
"On February 12, 1959, a revised reverse design was introduced as part of the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth. No formal competition was held. Frank Gasparro, then Assistant Engraver at the Philadelphia Mint, prepared the winning entry, selected from a group of 23 models that the engraving staff at the Mint had been asked to present for consideration. Again, only the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change because the design had been in use for more than the required 25 years. The imposing marble Lincoln Memorial provides the central motif, with the legends E Pluribus Unum and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA completing the design, together with the denomination. The initials \"FG\" appear on the right, near the shrubbery. \n * Birth and early childhood in Kentucky:this design features a log cabin and Lincoln's birth year 1809. It was designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. This cent was released into circulation on Lincoln's 200th birthday, February 12, 2009, at a special ceremony at LaRue County High School in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln's birthplace. The mintage was extremely low compared to prior years (see Lincoln cent mintage figures). It has been nicknamed the \"Log Cabin Penny\". \n * Formative years in Indiana:this design features a young Lincoln reading while taking a break from rail splitting. It was designed and sculpted by Charles Vickers. Nicknamed the \"Indiana Penny\", it was released on May 14, 2009. \n * Professional life in Illinois:this design features a young professional Lincoln standing before the Springfield Illinois State Capitol. It was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Don Everhart. Nicknamed the \"Illinois Penny\", it was released on August 13, 2009. \n * Presidency in Washington, D.C.:this design features the half-completed Capitol dome. It was designed by Susan Gamble and sculpted by Joseph Menna. This fourth cent was released to the public on November 12, 2009.U.S. Mint released collector's sets containing this design in copper prior to the public launch of this design in zinc.",
"These four designs, unveiled September 22, 2008 at a ceremony held at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., are:\n The original model bore Brenner's name on the reverse, curving along the rim below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Before the coins were issued, however, the initials \"VDB\" were substituted because officials at the United States Mint felt the name was too prominent. After the coin was released, many protested that even the initials were conspicuous and detracted from the design. Because the coin was in great demand, and because to make a change would have required halting production, the decision was made to eliminate the initials entirely. \n Years | Material | Weight (grains) | Weight (grams) \n---|---|---|--- \n1793–1795 | ~ 100% copper | 208 grains | 13.48 \n1795–1857 | ~ 100% copper | 168 grains | 10.89 \n1856–1864 | 88% copper, 12% nickel (also known as NS-12) | 72 grains | 4.67 \n1864–1942 | bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc) | 48 grains | 3.11 \n1943 | zinc-coated steel (also known as 1943 steel cent) | 42 grains | 2.72 \n1944–1946 | brass (shell case copper) (95% copper, 5% zinc) | 48 grains | 3.11 \n1947–1962 | bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc) | 48 grains | 3.11 \n1962–1981 | brass (95% copper, 5% zinc) | 48 grains | 3.11 \n1982 | brass (95% copper, 5% zinc) | 48 grains | 3.11 \ncopper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper) | 38.6 grains | 2.5 \n1983–present | copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper) | 38.6 grains | 2.5 \n Through mint errors, a number of rare and valuable Lincoln Cents have been produced. Some random errors, such as an off-center strike, slightly increase the value of the coin, and are sought after by niche collectors. However some errors were systemic, and produced a number of coins with exactly the same problem in the same year. These have become recognized varieties that are often extremely valuable and sought after by mainstream collectors."
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"Stage School (TV series) Stage School is a British structured reality television show set at the D&B Academy of Performing Arts, a drama school in Bromley, London. The show follows the lives of staff and students who are trying to make their dreams a reality. This is the one place where you can be anything. 'Real People, Big Dreams, Every moment is a performance' is the slogan for the show. It is broadcast on E4. Its first episode was shown on 5 September 2016 and a new episode was shown every weekday evening. The series has been described as a cross between \"The Only Way is Essex\" meets \"Glee\" meets \"High School Musical\". Series 2 was broadcast from 25 September - 3 November 2017. The first series of Stage School, with a total of thirty episodes, began broadcasting on 5 September 2016. It was broadcast E4. It shows students and staff working towards the end of the year showcase. Stage School (TV series) Stage School is a British structured reality television show set at the D&B Academy of Performing Arts, a drama school in Bromley, London. The show follows the lives of staff and students who are trying to make"
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"The Yeomen of the Guard The Yeomen of the Guard; or, The Merryman and His Maid, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 3 October 1888, and ran for 423 performances. This was the eleventh collaboration of fourteen between Gilbert and Sullivan. The opera is set in the Tower of London, during the 16th century, and is the darkest, and perhaps most emotionally engaging, of the Savoy Operas, ending with a broken-hearted main character and two very reluctant engagements, rather than the usual numerous marriages. The libretto does contain considerable humour, including a lot of pun-laden one-liners, but Gilbert's trademark satire and topsy-turvy plot complications are subdued in comparison with the other Gilbert and Sullivan operas. The dialogue, though in prose, is quasi-Shakespearean, or early modern English, in style. Critics considered the score to be Sullivan's finest, including its overture, which is in sonata form, rather than being written as a sequential pot-pourri of tunes from the opera, as in most of the other Gilbert and Sullivan overtures. This was the first Savoy Opera to use Sullivan's larger orchestra, including a second bassoon and third trombone. Most of Sullivan's subsequent operas, including those not composed with Gilbert as librettist, use this larger orchestra. When the previous Gilbert and Sullivan opera, \"Ruddigore\", finished its run at the Savoy Theatre, no new Gilbert and Sullivan opera was ready, and for nearly a year the stage was devoted to revivals of such old successes as \"H.M.S. Pinafore\", \"The Pirates of Penzance\" and \"The Mikado\". For several years leading up to the premiere of \"Yeomen\", Sullivan had expressed the desire to leave his partnership with W.S. Gilbert in order to turn to writing grand opera and other serious works full-time. Before the premiere of \"Yeomen\", Sullivan had recently been lauded for the successful oratorio \"The Golden Legend\" and would produce his grand opera, \"Ivanhoe\", only 15 months after \"Yeomen\". In the autumn of 1887, after another attempt to interest his collaborator in a plot where the characters, by swallowing a magic pill, became who they were pretending to be (Sullivan had rejected this idea before), Gilbert made an effort to meet his collaborator half way. Gilbert claimed that the idea for the opera came to him while he was waiting for the train in Uxbridge and spotted an advertisement for The Tower Furnishing and Finance Company, illustrated with a Beefeater. On Christmas Day, 1887, he read to Sullivan and Carte his plot sketch for an opera set at the Tower of London. Sullivan was \"immensely pleased\" and, with much relief, accepted it, writing in his diary, \"Pretty story, no topsy turvydom, very human, & funny also\". Although not a grand opera, \"Yeomen\" provided Sullivan with the opportunity to write his most ambitious score to date. The two set to work on the new opera, taking longer to prepare it than they had taken with many of their earlier works. Gilbert made every effort to accommodate his collaborator, even writing alternative lyrics to some songs. Sullivan had trouble setting one lyric in particular, \"I have a song to sing-O!\", with its increasing length in each stanza. He asked Gilbert if he had anything in mind when writing it. Gilbert hummed a few lines from a sea shanty, and Sullivan knew what to do. The first act was rather long and contained an unusual number of sentimental pieces. As opening night approached, Gilbert became increasingly apprehensive. Would the audience accept this serious, sentimental tone from one of the duo's \"comic\" operas? Gilbert and Sullivan cut two songs from Act I and part of the Act I finale, partly to decrease the number of sentimental pieces near the beginning of the opera. Gilbert, always nervous himself on opening nights, came backstage before the performance on opening night to \"have a word\" with some of the actors, inadvertently conveying his worries to the cast and making them even more nervous. Jessie Bond, who was to open the show with a solo song alone on stage, finally said to him, \"For Heaven's sake, Mr. Gilbert, go away and leave me alone, or I shan't be able to sing a note!\" Phoebe Meryll sits at the spinning wheel, sighing about the pain of love. Wilfred Shadbolt the head jailer and assistant torturer at the Tower of London enters, and Phoebe mocks him, disgusted by his profession. Wilfred, who is in love with Phoebe, has noticed her interest in one of the prisoners at the Tower, Colonel Fairfax. He gleefully conveys the news that Fairfax is to be beheaded, for the crime of sorcery, that very day. Phoebe replies that Fairfax is merely a scientist and alchemist (and a handsome one at that) and leaves Wilfred to suffer from his love for her. The citizens and Yeomen arrive, singing of the Yeomen's bravery and valiant deeds. Dame Carruthers, the housekeeper of the Tower, dismisses protestations by Phoebe of Fairfax's innocence and, vexed by Phoebe's criticism of the Tower, sings its praises. After everyone leaves, Phoebe is joined by her father, Sergeant Meryll, who reports that her brother Leonard has been appointed a Yeoman for his valour in battle. Leonard is on his way from Windsor, where the court sits, and may bring with him a reprieve for the Colonel. Leonard Meryll enters bearing a dispatch for the Lieutenant of the Tower but no reprieve. Sergeant Meryll is eager to save Fairfax, for the Colonel served with him in battle and twice saved Sergeant Meryll's life. He hatches a plan: Leonard will hide away and Fairfax, sprung from his cell, will assume Leonard's guise. Phoebe is charged with getting the key to Fairfax's cell from the lovesick jailer, Wilfred. Fairfax enters under guard by an escort of Yeomen. Sir Richard Cholmondeley, the Lieutenant of the Tower, sees him and greets him sadly, as they are old friends. Fairfax bears his impending execution bravely and philosophically, prompting tears from Phoebe and even Sergeant Meryll. Fairfax asks a boon of the Lieutenant: the charge of sorcery was the doing of his wicked cousin Sir Clarence Poltwhistle, a Secretary of State, who will inherit his estate if he dies unmarried. He therefore wishes to be married by his confessor to any available woman, it matters not whom, who will receive a hundred crowns for her hour of matrimony. The Lieutenant agrees and leaves. Jack Point, a jester, and Elsie Maynard, a young singer, are pursued by a rowdy crowd that demands merriment and threatens the two strolling players. Elsie, objecting to a man's rude attentions, boxes his ears, which gives Point a moment to quieten and amuse the crowd. The two entertainers offer to perform the song of \"The Merryman and his Maid\": it tells of a lovelorn merryman who is jilted by a maiden in favour of an arrogant lord, but the latter rejects her, and she returns on her knees to the merryman to beg for his love, and all ends happily. The song over, the crowd grows unruly again, and violence is averted only by the Lieutenant's arrival. Point and Elsie introduce themselves and explain that Elsie's mother Bridget is very ill and they seek money to buy medicine for her. The Lieutenant offers Elsie a chance to earn a hundred crowns (a very substantial sum) by marrying a condemned gentleman immediately. Point, who intends to marry Elsie someday, is assured that the groom will be beheaded directly after the ceremony. Elsie consents and is blindfolded and led off by Wilfred for the secret ceremony. The Lieutenant tells Point that he has a vacancy for a jester, and Point tells him of his skills and tries out some jokes. The Lieutenant leads Point off to discuss the employment further. Wilfred leads Elsie back from her anonymous meeting with the priest and the prisoner and leaves her to reflect on her impending widowhood. Meanwhile, Wilfred wonders what they were up to in Fairfax's cell. Phoebe arrives and seductively distracts him as she",
"buy medicine for her. The Lieutenant offers Elsie a chance to earn a hundred crowns (a very substantial sum) by marrying a condemned gentleman immediately. Point, who intends to marry Elsie someday, is assured that the groom will be beheaded directly after the ceremony. Elsie consents and is blindfolded and led off by Wilfred for the secret ceremony. The Lieutenant tells Point that he has a vacancy for a jester, and Point tells him of his skills and tries out some jokes. The Lieutenant leads Point off to discuss the employment further. Wilfred leads Elsie back from her anonymous meeting with the priest and the prisoner and leaves her to reflect on her impending widowhood. Meanwhile, Wilfred wonders what they were up to in Fairfax's cell. Phoebe arrives and seductively distracts him as she steals his keys, which she gives surreptitiously to her father, who goes to free Fairfax from his cell. She keeps Wilfred busy until her father returns the keys, which she returns to Wilfred's belt, and leaves the confused and hopeful jailer to his fantasies of marrying her. Meryll disguises Fairfax as his son Leonard. The Yeomen come to greet \"Leonard\", who insists that the tales of his bravery are exaggerated. He flounders when Phoebe greets him, not having been introduced to her, but Wilfred helpfully identifies her, telling Fairfax (with a strong dose of wishful thinking) that he, Wilfred, is betrothed to Phoebe. He commends her to the care of her \"brother\" until the marriage. The headsman enters, and all is ready for the execution. Wilfred, Fairfax (still disguised as Leonard) and two Yeomen go to fetch Fairfax. The Yeomen return and Fairfax announces his own disappearance. The Lieutenant blames the jailer, Wilfred, and declares his life forfeit instead. Wilfred protests his innocence and all wonder – not all honestly – how the prisoner could have escaped. Point is distraught at the escape of Elsie's husband, and Elsie faints into Fairfax's arms, as all rush off to hunt for Fairfax. Two days have passed, and the Yeomen continue searching in vain for the escaped prisoner. Dame Carruthers enters with her niece Kate and berates the Yeomen for letting Fairfax escape. Jack Point (now employed by the Lieutenant), sits brushing up on his jests and bitterly reflecting on his profession, when Wilfred comes by. Point taunts the failed jailer, and Wilfred says he'd rather be a jester. This gives Point an idea. He reveals the secret wedding and agrees to teach the oaf the art of jesting if Wilfred will publicly swear that Wilfred shot Fairfax dead as he swam across the river to escape. Wilfred agrees to swear to this lie. Meanwhile, Fairfax, still disguised as Leonard Meryll, laments his hurried marriage to a bride he cannot identify, for her face was concealed by the blindfold. Sergeant Meryll says that Elsie, the girl who fainted at the execution, and who has been placed in Meryll's charge, has recovered, but that her illness gave Dame Carruthers an excuse to take up quarters in his house while she nursed the girl. He has spurned the old woman's obvious overtures for years. Carruthers then happens by, together with her niece Kate, and notes that the latter heard Elsie talking in her sleep about her secret wedding. The other three leave Fairfax alone, pleased to find that his mystery wife is the fair Elsie. He decides to test her loyalty by pretending to woo his own wife, still disguised as Leonard. She rejects \"Leonard's\" overtures, as a married woman should, and he is about to reveal himself to her. Just then, a shot is heard from the wharf and everyone enters. Wilfred, with the jester's corroboration, declares that he struggled with someone creeping about, discovered it was Colonel Fairfax, who dove into the river, and seizing an arquebus, Wilfred shot him dead. The Lieutenant orders the Yeomen to search for the body, and Wilfred is celebrated as a hero. Elsie, Fairfax, Phoebe and Point are left alone, and Point asks Elsie, as she is now free, to marry him. Fairfax, still disguised as \"Leonard\", tells Point that he doesn't know how to woo (it is not to be done in the manner of a jester!), and he undertakes to instruct Point in this art, following this up with a most effective demonstration on Elsie. Point, slow to see that Fairfax is wooing the girl for himself (and that Elsie has fallen for the heroic \"Leonard\"), finally protests. Fairfax tells Point that he has shown him how to woo and that he should apply the teachings \"elsewhere\". Phoebe, seeing her adored Fairfax pledged to another, bursts into tears, while Point, shocked by the turn of events, wishes he was dead. Wilfred sees Phoebe weeping and she, rendered incautious by anger and hurt, and by her scorn for the jailer, inadvertently reveals that \"Leonard\" is in fact Fairfax. Realizing the game is up, she desperately buys Wilfred's silence by agreeing to marry him (after a long engagement). The real Leonard then returns and announces that Fairfax's reprieve has finally arrived. Sergeant Meryll enters, followed surreptitiously by Dame Carruthers. Phoebe tells him of her folly and goes with Wilfred, whereupon Dame Carruthers reveals herself to Meryll and threatens to expose the three schemers who had freed Fairfax illegally. He resignedly buys her silence with his offer of marriage. Elsie arrives joyfully for her wedding to the man she still knows as \"Leonard\", but the Lieutenant arrives and announces that her husband Fairfax lives. Fairfax arrives dressed for the wedding, but Elsie, distraught over the loss of \"Leonard\", does not turn to see his face. He teases his wife, keeping up the pretence for another minute. Elsie begs for his mercy, to free her to go to her love, \"Leonard\", but he says that his heart is like a \"massive rock\" and claims her as his bride. Finally Elsie turns to see his face, and finally recognises him as her adored one. All once again erupt into joy, except the broken-hearted Jack Point. Tearfully, he reprises the song that he had earlier sung with Elsie, \"The Merryman and his Maid\", with wrenching sorrow. Elsie \"drops a tear\" for Point, but turns back to her love. As the chorus turns away to celebrate the marriage of Fairfax and Elsie, Point falls insensible at their feet. Like most of the Savoy Operas, \"Yeomen\" went through significant cuts and alterations during rehearsal, and after the authors' deaths further changes have become traditional. Much of the cut music from \"Yeomen\" survives, has been recorded, and is available for performance. Wilfred's solo about his unrequited love for Phoebe, \"When jealous torments rack my soul\", was cut in rehearsal after Savoy Theatre favourite, Rutland Barrington, decided to take a leave from the company to try his hand as a producer and theatre manager. It was intended to be sung after Phoebe's opening solo in Act I, \"When maiden loves\", and the ensuing passage of dialogue between Phoebe and Wilfred. In recent decades this song has been occasionally included in productions of the opera, and it was included in the 1993 recording by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. Just before Leonard's entrance in the first act, Sergeant Meryll originally had a nostalgic solo about his son Leonard's childhood, \"A laughing boy but yesterday\". This number did not please Gilbert, who called it an \"introduced and wholly irrelevant song.\" It was sung in the first night performance, but was cut thereafter. It was restored, possibly for the first time, in 1962, for a production at the Tower of London, and has been heard in a number of recordings and productions since, without becoming part of the standard score. Before opening night, the third and fourth yeomen's couplets in the Act I finale – in which they remind \"Leonard\" of his brave deeds – were cut, though they remained in the vocal score until around the 1920s. The third yeoman had also joined Fairfax when he tells the Lieutenant that the prisoner has escaped. When the solo couplets were cut, the third yeoman was",
"his son Leonard's childhood, \"A laughing boy but yesterday\". This number did not please Gilbert, who called it an \"introduced and wholly irrelevant song.\" It was sung in the first night performance, but was cut thereafter. It was restored, possibly for the first time, in 1962, for a production at the Tower of London, and has been heard in a number of recordings and productions since, without becoming part of the standard score. Before opening night, the third and fourth yeomen's couplets in the Act I finale – in which they remind \"Leonard\" of his brave deeds – were cut, though they remained in the vocal score until around the 1920s. The third yeoman had also joined Fairfax when he tells the Lieutenant that the prisoner has escaped. When the solo couplets were cut, the third yeoman was deleted from this passage as well, leaving it a trio for Fairfax and two other yeomen. Fairfax's first solo, \"Is life a boon?\", is the second version of that song. Gilbert thought that Sullivan's first setting (in 6/8 time) was too similar to many of the other tenor ballads in the Savoy Operas, and he urged the composer to rewrite it. Sullivan complied, but also saved the first version, leaving an unusual example of two separate settings of the same lyric. The revised version is invariably used in performance. The Act II duet for Sergeant Meryll and Dame Carruthers, \"Rapture, rapture\", was often cut in 20th-century D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performances, apparently because it was thought to detract from the serious tone of the work. However, D'Oyly Carte eventually restored the duet, and in modern productions it is usually performed. As originally written, the duet ended with five chords leading directly into the Act II finale. Those chords do not appear in vocal scores, and modern performances usually delete them, bringing the duet to a full close so that the opening bars of the finale are not covered by applause. At some point, before 1920 or so, the \"Oh day of terror\" section had the parts for Kate and Phoebe significantly reduced. In the original conception, these characters echoed Elsie, with an \"Oh, Leonard\" solo for Kate, and cries to \"Come thou to her side, and claim her as thy loving bride\" sung along with Elsie. The modern version leaves Elsie singing her line by herself, puts Kate with the chorus, gives Phoebe a mixture of Dame Carruthers' part and her old one, and changes Phoebe and Dame Carruthers' lyrics. There was one other cut made after Gilbert's death: Separate lyrics for Elsie and Point, not found elsewhere, were cut during the \"All frenzied, frenzied with despair they rave\" section of the Act I finale. The 1993 D'Oyly Carte recording includes all the cut music and both versions of \"Is life a boon?\" \"The Yeomen of the Guard\" was immediately a hit in London, with a successful New York run following shortly thereafter. Percy Anderson designed the original costumes, while the set was by Hawes Craven. The first English provincial tour opened in 1888, and from then on it was a fixture in the D'Oyly Carte repertory, with at least one official touring company playing it somewhere in almost every season until the company's closure in 1982. New costumes were designed by Anderson in 1919 and 1927, and Peter Goffin designed new sets and costumes in 1940. In Australia, the opera's first authorised performance was on 20 April 1889 at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne, produced by J. C. Williamson, which gave regular performances thereafter in Australasia until the 1960s. In 1932, \"Yeomen\" became the first Gilbert and Sullivan opera to be broadcast on the radio in its entirety. In America in the 20th century, it was played on Broadway by various companies in 1915, 1933, 1935 and 1944, in addition to D'Oyly Carte tours, and in other New York theatres by the American Savoyards, the Light Opera of Manhattan, Bronx Opera and the New York Gilbert and Sullivan Players, among others. 21st century productions include a 2009 production at the Tower of London by the Carl Rosa Opera Company and a 2010 production by the G&S Opera Company at the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival and then at Oxford Castle. The following table shows the history of the D'Oyly Carte productions in Gilbert's lifetime: The opera is different from the rest of the series in a number of respects. Its tone is somewhat darker and more serious in character. There is no satire of British institutions. Instead of the opera opening with a chorus, the curtain rises on a single figure seated at a spinning-wheel singing a touching ballad. The \"Daily Telegraph\"'s review of \"Yeomen\" was very admiring of Sullivan's efforts: \"The Times\" noted, \"It should... be acknowledged that Mr. Gilbert has earnestly endeavoured to leave familiar grooves and rise to higher things.\" Some reviewers, however, suggested that Gilbert took too much of his story from William Vincent Wallace's 1845 opera, \"Maritana\", in which a street singer is married in secret to a gentleman. Another antecedent of \"Yeomen\" is Gilbert's 1875 tragedy, \"Broken Hearts\". There, the love triangle among Prince Florian, Lady Vavir and the hunchbacked servant Mousta parallels the triangle in \"Yeomen\" among Fairfax, Elsie and Point. The opera actually concerns Yeomen Warders, who are guardians of the Tower of London (and the crown jewels) and are selected for this position as a reward for long and meritorious service to the crown. Today, they act as tour guides at the Tower of London. The Yeomen Warders are often incorrectly referred to as Yeomen of the Guard, which is actually a distinct corps of royal bodyguards. Gilbert shared this confusion (or didn't care to be precise in the matter) by naming the opera \"The Yeomen of the Guard\". However, Gilbert and Sullivan were careful to replicate the historical Tower as closely as possible in the opera's settings, costumes and music. For instance, during the Act I finale, the bell of St. Peter's tolls for the coming execution as was the custom at the time. The character of the Lieutenant of the Tower, Sir Richard Cholmondeley, is the only character in all of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas that is based overtly on an historical figure. Cholmondeley was the Lieutenant of the Tower from 1513 to 1520, during the reign of Henry VIII. Cholmondeley lost some favour with the City of London authorities during the Evil May Day riots of 1517: He ordered the firing of some of the Tower's artillery at the city to try to quell rioting by gangs of young Londoners who took control of London for several days and were attacking foreigners, especially the wealthy foreign merchants and bankers of Lombard Street, London. Nevertheless, Cholmondeley continued serving at the Tower for three more years until ill-health forced him to resign. He was responsible for the rebuilding of the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the parish church of the Tower of London, where there is a prominent tomb in his memory. The following tables show the casts of the principal original productions and D'Oyly Carte Opera Company touring repertory at various times through to the company's 1982 closure. Note that the 4th Yeoman was no longer included in the cast after the original London and New York productions, and the 3rd Yeoman was no longer included after the first London revival in 1897. After the Second Repertory Season in 1909, the Headsman was no longer separately credited. Many recordings have been made of this opera. Of those recorded by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, the 1950 and 1964 recordings are well regarded. The 1993 \"New\" D'Oyly Carte recording includes all of the \"cut\" material. Marriner's recording from the same year contains some of the dialogue and is considered strong. The 1995 Mackerras recording is also admired. The 1982 Brent Walker video suffers from a number of important cuts and Joel Grey's much-criticised portrayal of Jack Point. More recent professional productions have been recorded on video by the International Gilbert",
"original London and New York productions, and the 3rd Yeoman was no longer included after the first London revival in 1897. After the Second Repertory Season in 1909, the Headsman was no longer separately credited. Many recordings have been made of this opera. Of those recorded by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, the 1950 and 1964 recordings are well regarded. The 1993 \"New\" D'Oyly Carte recording includes all of the \"cut\" material. Marriner's recording from the same year contains some of the dialogue and is considered strong. The 1995 Mackerras recording is also admired. The 1982 Brent Walker video suffers from a number of important cuts and Joel Grey's much-criticised portrayal of Jack Point. More recent professional productions have been recorded on video by the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival. A monument in Sullivan's memory was erected in the Victoria Embankment Gardens (London) and is inscribed with a lyric from \"Yeomen\": \"Is life a boon? If so, it must befall that Death, whene'er he call, must call too soon\". In 1962, 1964, 1966, 1978 and 2009, the opera was staged before large audiences in the moat of the Tower of London. A 1957 American TV broadcast of the opera as part of the NBC Hallmark Hall of Fame series starred Alfred Drake as Point, Barbara Cook as Elsie, Celeste Holm as Phoebe and Bill Hayes as Fairfax, and featured Henry Calvin as Wilfred and Marjorie Gordon as Kate, with announcer Lee Vines. It was broadcast on 10 April 1957 and was directed by George Schaefer and conducted by Franz Allers. It is 79 minutes long, including commercials, so much of the dialogue and some music is cut. Alfred Drake narrates the story. A kinescope copy of the broadcast is available in Black and White on DVD. The Australian Broadcasting Commission made a TV version in 1972 starring Alan Lander and Pamela Stephenson. A 1975 TV version by the BBC stars Valerie Masterson as Elsie, Derek Hammond-Stroud as Point, David Hillman as Fairfax, Bryan Drake as Sgt. Meryll, Richard Angas as Sir Richard and Elizabeth Bainbridge as Carruthers. It was directed by John Gorrie and conducted by David Lloyd-Jones Another cut version was made in 1978 for British TV starring Tommy Steele as Point, Terry Jenkins as Fairfax, Anne Collins as Carruthers, Laureen Livingstone as Elsie, Della Jones as Phoebe, Paul Hudson as Meryll and Dennis Wickes as Wilfred. It was directed by Anthony Besch and conducted by David Lloyd-Jones in connection with 1978 City of London Festival. The musical group Peter, Paul and Mary included the song, \"I have a song to sing, O!\" on one of their children's albums, \"Peter, Paul and Mommy\" (1969). In 1973, a BBC TV \"Play for Today\" production, \"Jack Point\", by Colin Welland, directed by Michael Apted, concerned the tensions in an amateur theatre group during a production of \"Yeomen\", particularly the casting of the part of Jack Point. \"Perish in July\", a 1989 novel by Mollie Hardwick, part of her Doran Fairweather series, involves a backstage murder of the actress playing Elsie. The Yeomen of the Guard The Yeomen of the Guard; or, The Merryman and His Maid, is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 3 October 1888, and ran for 423 performances. This was the eleventh collaboration of fourteen between Gilbert"
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"Carla Lehmann Carla Lehmann (26 February 1917 – 1 December 1990) was a Canadian-born stage, film and television actress. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Lehmann was the youngest of the five children of Dr Julius Lehmann and Elsa Hillerns. She was educated at Riverbend School (now Balmoral Hall), where she edited the school newspaper, and from the age of fifteen appeared at the Little Theatre, Winnipeg. Gaining a place to train for an acting career at RADA in London, she then joined the Croydon Repertory Company for a year before first appearing in the West End. Her stage work included appearances in several Aldwych farces. During the Second World War she starred in war films opposite Stewart Granger and James Mason. Lehmann notably played Susan Foster in the film \"Candlelight in Algeria\" (1944) and Lady Mary Hannay in the BBC television series \"The Three Hostages\" (1952). Lehmann spent most of her adult life living in England. In 1941 she married George Anderson McDowell Elliot, a former Royal Marine officer recently commissioned into the Royal Army Service Corps, but they later divorced. In 1947 she married secondly John R. Townsend, an insurance broker, in Westminster, and they had three sons, John Anthony (born 1948), Nicholas (born 1949), and Alain (1954). She died in Berkshire in 1990. Carla Lehmann Carla Lehmann (26 February 1917 – 1 December 1990) was a Canadian-born stage, film and television actress. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Lehmann was the youngest of the five children of Dr Julius Lehmann and Elsa Hillerns. She was educated at Riverbend School (now Balmoral Hall), where she edited the school newspaper, and from the age of fifteen appeared at the Little Theatre, Winnipeg. Gaining a place to train for an acting career at RADA in London, she then joined the Croydon Repertory"
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"Harboe Meulengracht Harboe Galthen Meulengracht (1767–1853) was a Danish merchant and shipowner in Denmark who was appointed to the Danish Supreme Court and was purveyor to the royal household. Harboe Meulengracht initiated a lineage of prominent businessmen, politicians and land owners in Aarhus which lasted into the early 20th century. He was born on 10 February 1767 to his parents Lars Christian Meulengracht and Marie Madsdatter Brøchner Galthen. He had two brothers, Mads Galthen Meulengracht and NN Meulengracht. Harboe Meulengracht was born in Aarhus Mill which was owned by his parents but in 1769, when Harboe was 2 years old, his father committed suicide by drowning himself in the mill pond due to economic problems. When Harboe came of age he married Maren Jensdatter Schmidt (1769-1844) in 1792 and in 1794 he was granted citizenship to Aarhus where he established a trade business on Lille Torv where he built a large mansion with adjoining warehouses. He fathered 10 children including Lauritz Christian Meulengracht who later came to take over his father's business and Marie Meulengracht who married the owner of Marselisborg Manor. Meulengracht's business became one of the largest in the city and the mansion on Lille Torv became a place for socialites to stay when visiting the town. Especially King Christian VIII, King Frederik II, Prince Ferdinand, Princess Caroline and Countess Danner frequently stayed there. Meulengracht co-founded \"Kronprindsen's Klub\" (English: The Crown Prince's Club), a literary debate club for royalty and local members of the upper class, and Meulengracht became an honorary member. Harboe Meulengracht died on 27 May 1853. Harboe Meulengracht Harboe Galthen Meulengracht (1767–1853) was a Danish merchant and shipowner in Denmark who was appointed to the Danish Supreme Court and was purveyor to the royal household. Harboe Meulengracht initiated a lineage of prominent businessmen, politicians and"
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"Lucien Frank Barr Lucien Francis \"Frank\" Barr (August 22, 1903 – April 23, 1983) was an American aviator, businessman, and politician. Barr was born in Lawrence County, Illinois. In 1918, he joined the United States Army and served in the cavalry. He then served in the United States Army Air Corps and learned how to fly. In 1924, he moved to Detroit, Michigan and joined the Michigan National Guard. He moved to Alaska Territory and formed the North Canada Air Express and flew in the Atlin, Canada and Juneau, Alaska Territory, United States. In 1937, he moved with his wife to Fairbanks, Alaska Territory. He then worked for the Alaska Airlines from 1946 to 1956. Barr served in the Alaska Territorial Senate from 1949 to 1953 and was a Democrat. He served in the Alaska Constitutional Convention of 1955-1956 and also briefly as a United States marshal. In 1956, Barr and his wife moved to Portland, Oregon where they owned a trailer park. In 1974, Barr and his wife moved to Grants Pass, Oregon. He died of cancer there in 1983. Lucien Frank Barr Lucien Francis \"Frank\" Barr (August 22, 1903 – April 23, 1983) was an American aviator, businessman,"
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"Smart grids in Austria Although there is no standard global definition, the European Technology Platform SmartGrids defines smart grids as electricity networks that can intelligently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. The Austrian E-Control lists following requirements a smart grid must meet: There are currently around 100,000 smart meters installed in Austria. Those are spread among six pioneer regions which function as independent projects and serve with findings in various aspects concerning the implementation of Smart Grids on a broad basis. The challenges yet to overcome for the installation on a nationwide level are the technical requirements, the compatibility, the gap between norms for Power Line Carrier on their last mile, data privacy and a more flexible law on gauging and measuring. Producing hydroenergy on a small (private) basis does have a tradition in Austria. With Smart Grids making use of that, this branch is bound to become a lot more interesting and valuable for the society, in the future. It is the task of the Network Operators to optimise usage of the net infrastructure. This can be achieved by improving communication between energy customer, provider and storage facilities. Benefits for the customer: First and foremost, it should guarantuee a reliable energy supply in Austria. Another main goal is, to enhance possibilities of including small energy suppliers into the energy network. (decentralised energy production) This should enhance quality and lower costs. Successful roll-out of smart grids technologies would bring many benefits, including: In Austria, there is targeted research on Smart Grids since 2003. Since 2008 the National Technology Platform Smart Grids Austria (SGA) was formed by Stakeholders of the national energy sector (Innovative Grid Operators, Researchers, Industry, Suppliers, Consumers). The SGA since then came up The Austrian Klimafonds has a Budget of €500 Mio that are used for projects to reduce CO2 emissions, enhance energy efficiency, conduct R&D on renewables and investments into making new technologies available for economic use. The \"realisation of innovative networks\" is one of the subgoals in their program. In addition to that, Smart Grids are declared to be one measure to reduce CO2 emissions. There are currently 24 Projects run by private companies around the Smart Grid technology supported by the Austrian Klimafonds and FFG, that are being concluded in the years 2011 and 2012 and have a total volume of €10.3 Mio. Another impact is, that the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) opened up a Smart Grids Lab in July 2010. Their research teams are helping the industry to develop new electronic network components and analysing their interaction with the power grid. The Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology initialised a cooperation with Swiss and German partners. The goal is to research information and strategies for implementing Smartg Grids, on the basis of experiences from research and pilot projects for the development and testing Smart grid solutions. By the end of 2010 the working program should be published in form of a brochure. Smart grids in Austria Although there is no standard global definition, the European Technology Platform SmartGrids defines smart grids as electricity networks that can intelligently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. The Austrian E-Control lists following requirements a smart grid must meet: There are currently around 100,000 smart meters installed in Austria. Those are spread among six pioneer regions which"
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"SDF Public Access Unix System Super Dimension Fortress (SDF, also known as freeshell.org) is a non-profit public access UNIX shell provider on the Internet. It has been in continual operation since 1987 as a non-profit social club. The name is derived from the Japanese anime series \"The Super Dimension Fortress Macross\"; the original SDF server was a BBS for anime fans. From its BBS roots, which have been well documented as part of the project, SDF has grown into a feature-rich provider serving members around the world. The SDF network of systems currently includes NetBSD servers for regular use (running on DEC Alpha- and AMD Opteron-powered hardware) as well as a TWENEX system running the Panda Distribution TOPS-20 MONITOR 7.1, and a Symbolics Genera system. Besides offering free Unix shell access and web hosting to its users, SDF provides increasingly rare services such as dial-up internet access and Gopher hosting. SDF is one of very few organizations in the world still actively promoting the gopher protocol, an alternate protocol that existed at the introduction of the modern worldwide web. The system contains thousands of programs and utilities, including a command-line BBS called BBOARD, a chat program called COMMODE, email programs, webmail, social networking programs, and developer tools. Nearly all of the applications hosted at SDF are accessed via the command-line. SDF provides classrooms with the use of computing resources for Unix education. In 1987, Ted Uhlemann started SDF on an Apple IIe microcomputer running \"Magic City Micro-BBS\" under ProDOS. The system was run as a \"Japanese Anime SIG\" known as the SDF-1. In 1989, Uhlemann and Stephen Jones operated SDF very briefly as a DragCit Citadel BBS before attempting to use an Intel x86 UNIX clone called Coherent. Unhappy with the restrictive menu driven structure of existing BBS systems, Uhlemann, Jones and Daniel Finster created a UNIX System V BBS in 1990, initially running on an i386 system, which later became an AT&T 3B2/400 and 500, and joined the lonestar.org UUCP network. Three additional phone lines were installed in late 1991. In the fall of 1992, Uhlemann and Finster left SDF to start one of the first commercial Internet companies in Texas, Texas Metronet. SDF continued to grow, expanding to ten lines in 1993 along with a SLIP connection provided by cirr.com. UUCP was still heavily relied upon for Usenet news and email. In 1997, SDF (then with about 15,000 users) migrated to Linux. The migration to Linux marked a turning point, as the system started coming under attack like it never had before in its history. Jones calls the Linux period \"the dark age\". Although SDF Public Access UNIX System was registered as an operating business in 1993 according to the Dallas County Records Office, it wasn't until October 1, 2001, that the SDF Public Access UNIX System was formed as a Delaware not-for-profit corporation and subsequently granted 501(c)(7) non-profit membership club status by the IRS. SDF had operated under the auspice of the MALR corporation between 1995 and 2001. As of April 28, 2016, SDF was composed of 47,572 users from around the world. SDF users include engineers, computer programmers, students, artists and professionals. SDF Public Access Unix System Super Dimension Fortress (SDF, also known as freeshell.org) is a non-profit public access UNIX shell provider on the Internet. It has been in continual operation since 1987 as a non-profit social club. The name is derived from the Japanese anime series \"The Super Dimension Fortress Macross\"; the original SDF server was a BBS for anime fans. From its BBS roots, which have been well documented as part of the"
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"Four Gates Pagoda The Four Gates Pagoda () is a Sui dynasty (581-618 AD) stone Chinese pagoda located in central Shandong Province, China. It is thought to be the oldest remaining pavilion-style stone pagoda in China. The oldest extant brick-built pagoda in China is the Songyue Pagoda of 523 AD. The Four Gates Pagoda is located at the foot of Qinglong Mountain, near Liubu Village, in Licheng District, under the administration of Jinan City, about 33 kilometers southeast of the city of Jinan proper. The pagoda is located to the east of the site of the Shentong Temple (), which was one of the most important temples in northern China at the time the pagoda was built but is now in ruins. According to an inscription on a stone tablet which was discovered inside the pagodas ceiling in 1972, the pagoda was \"built in the seventh year of the Daye period of the Sui dynasty\". This corresponds to the year 611 AD, near the end of the dynasty. The pagoda has been listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level since 1961. During the Sui dynasty, stone and brick were introduced as material for building pagodas. The Four-Gates Pagoda was built from blocks quarried from a hard local rock. All extant older stone pagodas are sculptured pagodas or columns in the shape of a pagoda. The simple design of the Four Gates Pagoda is typical for one-storey, pavilion-style pagodas: It has a square cross-section delineated by plane side walls. All elements of the structure are symmetrical with four identical sides each facing one of the four cardinal directions. In the center of each wall is a door with straight sides and round arch on top (hence the name). The roof of the pagoda is pyramid shaped. It consists of 23 tiers of overlapping stone slabs and is supported by 5 tiers of stone eaves. The tip of the roof is occupied by a stone steeple. The overall shape of the steeple resembles a box-shaped pagoda which is carved with Buddhist scriptures and sits on its own Sumeru pedestal with stone corner decorations in the shape of banana leaves. The spire of the steeple is made up of 5 stone discs. The total height of the pagoda is 10.4 meters; each side is 7.4 meters long. The interior of the pagoda is dominated by a large central pillar with a square cross-section like the walls of the pagoda, between the surface of the central pillar and the inner side of the walls is a corridor which leads around the entire pillar. The roof of the pagoda is supported by 16 triangular beams which link the outer walls to the central pillar. On each of the four sides of the central pillar, behind the gates, a seated Buddha sculpture is located. The four sculptures are: the \"Subtle-voiced\" Buddha () on the northern wall, the Ratnasambhava Buddha () on the southern wall, the Akshobhya Buddha () on the eastern wall, and the Amitābha Buddha () on the western wall. On the base of the statues is a dedication inscription dated to the year 544 AD (during the times of the Eastern Wei dynasty). According to the inscription, a high-ranking military and civil official named Yang Xianzhou () commissioned the Buddha statues to commemorate his ancestors on occasion of the anniversary of his father's death. This suggests that the statues are significantly older than the pagoda which houses them. The pagoda may thus have been built for the purpose of housing these sculptures. The head of one of the four Buddha statues in the pagoda, the Akshobhya Buddha seated on the east wall, was sawed off and stolen in 1997. The head came eventually into the possession of a group of business people from Taiwan, who presented it to Dharma Drum Mountain Foundation in Peitou, Taipei, to be exhibited in the foundation's Museum of Buddhist History and Culture. After the origin of the head was determined, it was returned to its original location in 2002. Next to the pagoda stands an ancient pine tree known as the \"Nine-tip Pine\" () or \"Thousand Year Pine\" since it is believed to be more than thousand years old. Two other pagodas dating from the Tang dynasty stand near the Four-Gates Pagoda: The Dragon-and-Tiger Pagoda and the Minor Dragon-and-Tiger Pagoda. Four Gates Pagoda The Four Gates Pagoda () is a Sui dynasty (581-618 AD) stone Chinese pagoda located in central Shandong Province, China. It is thought to be the oldest remaining pavilion-style stone pagoda in China. The oldest extant brick-built pagoda in China is the Songyue Pagoda of 523 AD. The Four Gates Pagoda is located at the foot of Qinglong Mountain, near Liubu Village, in Licheng District, under the administration of Jinan"
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"Fifth Regiment Armory Fifth Regiment Armory is a historic National Guard armory located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is an imposing, fortress-type structure situated in midtown Baltimore. It consists of a full basement, a first floor containing a 200 foot by 300 foot drill hall, a mezzanine or \"balcony\" level, and a newer second level (reconstructed in 1933 after a fire) housing the trussed steel drill hall roof. The façade features buttresses, parapets, casement windows, and a crenellated roofline, giving the appearance of a medieval fortification. It was the site of the 1912 Democratic National Convention. The Fifth Regiment Armory was designed by architects Wyatt & Nolting. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is included within the Baltimore National Heritage Area. On October 31, 1958, President Dwight Eisenhower delivered a television speech from the Fifth Regiment Armory. The event was attended by Maryland Governor Theodore McKeldin, Senator John Glenn Beall, Jr., Senator John Marshall Butler, and Congressman James Devereux. Fifth Regiment Armory Fifth Regiment Armory is a historic National Guard armory located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It is an imposing, fortress-type structure situated in midtown Baltimore. It consists of a full"
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"National Academy of Songwriters The National 'Academy' of Songwriters, originally \"Songwriters Resources and Services\" was a music industry association which provided a support network for songwriters, and gave out awards in various categories. It was founded by Helen King, who was working as a secretarial/answering service for the American Guild of Authors and Composers. She saw a need to provide an inexpensive copyright service, as well as educational services for aspiring writers in Los Angeles and around the US. After King died, her staff kept the organization going for almost two decades. Key staff members included Gelsa Paladino, Doug Thiele, Billy James, Bruce Kaplan, Pat and Pete Luboff, Kevin Odegard, Mark Spier, Gordon Pagoda, Paul Zollo, Steve Schalchlin, Dan Kirkpatrick, Dan Kimple and Kevin McCarley. Hundreds of songwriters came through to learn the craft and business of songwriting and get advice on how to market their songs. The organization also lobbied for better copyright protection, and published the magazine \"SongTalk\", a newsprint publication with original interviews of hit songwriters. In December 1985, the National 'Academy' of Songwriters started their annual \"Salute To The American Songwriter\" concerts which over the years featured performances by artists such as Carole King, Jackson Browne, Stevie Wonder, Los Lobos, Willie Dixon, Atlantic Starr, Stephen Stills, Michael Bolton, Melissa Manchester, Stephen Bishop, Brian Wilson, Kim Carnes, Michael McDonald, and many others. Also performing over the years at the \"Salute To The American Songwriter\" concerts were songwriting legends such as Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller, Barry Mann, Jay Livingston and Ray Evans, Richard Sherman, John Bettis, Diane Warren, and many others. In 1988, the National 'Academy' of Songwriters teamed with VH-1 for the \"Fourth Annual Salute To The American Songwriter\" which was televised on VH-1 and Showtime in 1989. In 1996, the Los Angeles Songwriters Showcase (LASS) joined the NAS, and later, the NAS merged into the Songwriters Guild of America. Another organization that was inspired by the goals of the LASS and came into existence in late 1998 in the vacuum that was created when LASS disappeared was the Los Angeles Songwriters Network (SongNet). National Academy of Songwriters The National 'Academy' of Songwriters, originally \"Songwriters Resources and Services\" was a music industry association which provided a support network for songwriters, and gave out awards in various categories. It was founded by Helen King, who was working as a secretarial/answering service for the American Guild of Authors"
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"Brown County, Texas Brown County is a county in west-central Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,106. Its county seat is Brownwood. The county was founded in 1856 and later organized in 1858. It is named for Henry Stevenson Brown, a commander at the Battle of Velasco, an early conflict between Texians and Mexicans. The Brownwood, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Brown County. Indigenous peoples lived here for thousands of years before Europeans entered the area. The historic inhabitants were the Penteka (also known to the Europeans as Comanche) who occupied this area at the time of European colonization. In 1838 land surveys are made of the area. In 1856 Welcome W. Chandler from Mississippi became the first settler, arriving with his family, John H. Fowler, and seven slaves. They built a log cabin on Pecan Bayou. The county was formed from Comanche and Travis counties. It is named after Henry Stevenson Brown, an American pioneer from Kentucky. In 1858 the county was formally organized. Brownwood was designated as the county seat. By 1991 more than of oil had been taken from Brown County lands since 1917. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.3%) is water. As of the census of 2000, 37,674 people, 14,306 households, and 10,014 families resided in the county. The population density was 40 people per square mile (15/km²). There were 17,889 housing units at an average density of 19 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 87.35% White, 4.01% Black or African American, 0.53% Native American, 0.37% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 6.07% from other races, and 1.66% from two or more races. About 15.38% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 14,306 households in the county, 31.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.90% were married couples living together, 10.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were not families. About 26.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98. In the county, the population was distributed as 25.80% under the age of 18, 10.10% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 22.90% from 45 to 64, and 16.40% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $30,974, and for a family was $37,725. Males had a median income of $30,169 versus $19,647 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,624. About 14.00% of families and 17.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.70% of those under age 18 and 12.10% of those age 65 or over. The Brownwood Bulletin is the local daily newspaper, an American Consolidated Media company that also serves media online through its website. Brown County is part of the Abilene/Sweetwater/Brownwood television media market. Area television stations include KRBC-TV, KTXS-TV, KXVA, KTAB-TV, and KIDU-LD. Area radio stations include News/Talk 102.3 KXYL, which simulcasts on KXYL 1240 AM, Hot A/C \"The Breeze\" KQBZ 96.9, Country KOXE 101.3, Christian KPSM 99.3, KBUB 90.3, and Oldies KBWD 1380 AM. Blue Sky Entertainment manages KBNX - 97.9/103.9 SUNNY FM (70'S, 80'S AND 90'S MUSIC), KXXU - 104.3 KISS FM (TOP 40 - HIT MUSIC), KQMJ - 104.7 LA LEY (MEXICAN REGIONAL MUSIC), KSZX - 105.5 - THE BULL (COUNTRY MUSIC) Brown County, Texas Brown County is a county in west-central Texas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 38,106. Its county seat is Brownwood. The county was founded in 1856 and later organized in 1858. It is named for Henry Stevenson Brown, a commander at the Battle of Velasco, an early conflict between Texians and Mexicans. The Brownwood, TX Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Brown County. Indigenous peoples lived here for thousands of years before Europeans entered the area."
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"Eloy Alquinta Eloy Alquinta Ross (22 June 1971 - Santiago, 15 March 2004) was a Chilean musician. He was a member of the band Los Jaivas and Huaika. Eloy was the son of guitarist and vocalist Eduardo \"Gato\" Aquinta. His brothers Moisés, Ankatu and Aurora Alquinta are also musicians. His musical talent developed under the influence of his father and friends. He learned to play the saxophone (alto, soprano and tenor), the trutruca and cultrun . His first band, Huaika, was formed in 1995 with his brother Ankatu and four others ( Francis and John Paul Bosco, Leo and Jorge Yáñez ). Huaika released two albums, Forgotten Magic ( 1996, produced by Jack Alquinta ) and Full Life ( 2000 ). On March 15 of 2004, aged 33, Eloy suffered a heart attack and died. His death was one year after his father's death. Many condolences were send from all the Chilean musical people. When Huaika edits El Rito on 2005, the band dedicate the album to their dead group partner, and Los Jaivas replace Eloy with his band partner Francisco Bosco, who now is a member of both groups. Eloy left a widow and two children. Eloy Alquinta Eloy"
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"Cirsium hydrophilum Cirsium hydrophilum is a species of thistle which is endemic to California, where it is found only in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. This native thistle grows in wet boggy habitats. \"Cirsium hydrophilum\" may reach in height with a branching, cobwebby stem. The leaves are longest near the base of the plant, approaching in length. They are cut into toothed lobes and covered in spines, particularly along the petiole. The inflorescence bears one or more flower heads, each up to long. The head is lined with sticky, twisted, spiny phyllaries and contains pink to purple flowers. The fruit is an achene a long topped with a pappus of about centimeters. There are two very localized varieties: Cirsium hydrophilum Cirsium hydrophilum is a species of thistle which is endemic to California, where it is found only in the San Francisco Bay Area and the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. This native thistle grows in wet boggy habitats. \"Cirsium hydrophilum\" may reach in height with a branching, cobwebby stem. The leaves are longest near the base of the plant, approaching in length. They are cut into toothed lobes and covered in spines, particularly along the"
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"Alrayyan TV Alryyan TV adopts Qatar National Vision (2030) and aspires to be a supportive media for achieving sustainable development through three main functions: \"Development, Awareness and Entertainment\", which the channel will translate into a program mix representing its media strategy. Al Rayyan is a diverse channel that targets the Qatari community as a key audience and takes into account the specificity of its national identity and aspirations. It aims at promoting the development of the society and educating its groups to contribute to the realization of the Qatar National Vision (2030). It also promotes the values of virtue and positiveness, the authenticity of the Qatari heritage, the support of social communication and the promotion of the spirit of competition and creative thinking among the youth in general and all segments of society in general. Useful and within the framework of combining interest and entertainment using the best production and broadcast techniques. The channel will also keep abreast of the times by announcing a visionary creed that supports the renaissance of Qatar and contributes to sustainable development. Alrayyan TV Alryyan TV adopts Qatar National Vision (2030) and aspires to be a supportive media for achieving sustainable development through three main"
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"Euthanasia in the United States Euthanasia is illegal in most of the United States. Assisted suicide/assisted death is legal in Washington DC and the states of California, Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, Hawaii, and Washington; its status is disputed in Montana. The key difference between euthanasia and assisted suicide is that in cases of assisted suicide, the individual receives assistance, but ultimately voluntarily causes their own death. In euthanasia the individual does not directly end their life, but another person acts to cause the individual's death. Debates about the ethics of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide date from ancient Greece and Rome. After the development of ether, physicians began advocating the use of anesthetics to relieve the pain of death. In 1870, Samuel Williams first proposed using anesthetics and morphine to intentionally end a patient's life. Over the next 35 years, debates about euthanasia raged in the United States which resulted in an Ohio bill to legalize euthanasia in 1906, a bill that was ultimately defeated. Euthanasia advocacy in the U.S. peaked again during the 1930s and diminished significantly during and after World War II. Euthanasia efforts were revived during the 1960s and 1970s, under the right-to-die rubric, physician assisted death in liberal bioethics, and through advance directives and do not resuscitate orders. Several major court cases advanced the legal rights of patients, or their guardians, to practice at least voluntary passive euthanasia (physician assisted death). These include the Karen Ann Quinlan case (1976), Brophy and Nancy Cruzan cases. More recent years have seen policies fine-tuned and re-stated, as with \"Washington v. Glucksberg\" (1997) and the Terri Schiavo case. The numerous legislative rulings and legal precedents that were brought about in the wake of the Quinlan case had their ethical foundation in the famous 1983 report completed by the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine, under the title \"Deciding to Forgo Life-Sustaining Treatment\" (Angell, Marcia. \"How to Die in Massachusetts.\" The New York Review of Books. 21 February 2013: 60.3. Web. 14 Jul. 2014.). The Commission sustained in its findings that it was morally acceptable to give up a life-supporting therapy and that withholding or withdrawing such a therapy is the same thing from an ethical stand-point, while artificial feeding and other life-supporting therapy are of the same importance for the patients and doctors. Before this report, to withdraw a medical therapy was regarded as much more serious decision than not to start a therapy at all, while artificial feeding was viewed as a special treatment. By 1990, barely a decade and a half after the New Jersey Supreme Court’s historic decision, patients were well aware that they could decline any form of medical therapy if they simply choose to do that either directly or by expressing their wish via appointed representative. In a 2004 article in the Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Brown University historian Jacob M. Appel documented extensive political debate over legislation to legalize physician-assisted suicide in both Iowa and Ohio in 1906. The driving force behind this movement was social activist Anna S. Hall. Canadian historian Ian Dowbiggen's 2003 book, \"A Merciful End\", revealed the role that leading public figures, including Clarence Darrow and Jack London, played in advocating for the legalization of euthanasia. In the 1983 case of \"Barber v. Superior Court\", two physicians had honored a family's request to withdraw both respirator and intravenous feeding and hydration tubes from a comatose patient. The physicians were charged with murder, despite the fact that they were doing what the family wanted. The court held that all charges should be dropped because the treatments had all been ineffective and burdensome. Withdrawal of treatment, even if life-ending, is morally and legally permitted. Competent patients or their surrogates can decide to withdraw treatments, usually after the treatments are found ineffective, painful, or burdensome. On May 31, 2013, the Maine state legislature rejected decriminalization of physician assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia (95-43). In the United States legal and ethical debates about euthanasia became more prominent in the Karen Ann Quinlan case who went into a coma after allegedly mixing tranquilizers with alcohol, surviving biologically for 9 years in a \"persistent vegetative state\" even after the New Jersey Supreme Court approval to remove her from a respirator. This case caused a widespread public concern about \"lives not worth living\" and the possibility of at least voluntary euthanasia if it could be ascertained that the patient would not have wanted to live in this condition. In 1999, the state of Texas passed the Advance Directives Act. Under the law, in some situations, Texas hospitals and physicians have the right to withdraw life support measures, such as mechanical respiration, from terminally ill patients when such treatment is considered to be both futile and inappropriate. This is sometimes referred to as \"passive euthanasia\". In 2005, a six-month-old infant, Sun Hudson, with a uniformly fatal disease thanatophoric dysplasia, was the first patient in which \"a United States court has allowed life-sustaining treatment to be withdrawn from a pediatric patient over the objections of the child's parent\". Attempts to legalize euthanasia and assisted suicide resulted in ballot initiatives and legislation bills within the United States in the last 20 years. For example, Washington voters saw Ballot Initiative 119 in 1991, California placed Proposition 161 on the ballot in 1992, Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act in 1994, and Michigan included Proposal B in their ballot in 1998. Reflecting the religious and cultural diversity of the United States, there is a wide range of public opinion about euthanasia and the right-to-die movement in the United States. During the past 30 years, public research shows that views on euthanasia tend to correlate with religious affiliation and culture, though not gender. In one recent study dealing primarily with Christian denominations such as Southern Baptists, Pentecostals, and Evangelicals and Catholics tended to be opposed to euthanasia. Moderate Protestants, (e.g., Lutherans and Methodists) showed mixed views concerning end of life decisions in general. Both of these groups showed less support than non-affiliates, but were less opposed to it than conservative Protestants. Respondents that did not affiliate with a religion were found to support euthanasia more than those who did. The liberal Protestants (including some Presbyterians and Episcopalians) were the most supportive. In general, liberal Protestants affiliate more loosely with religious institutions and their views were not similar to those of non-affiliates. Within all groups, religiosity (i.e., self-evaluation and frequency of church attendance) also correlated to opinions on euthanasia. Individuals who attended church regularly and more frequently and considered themselves more religious were found to be more opposed to euthanasia than to those who had a lower level of religiosity. Recent studies have shown white Americans to be more accepting of euthanasia than black Americans. They are also more likely to have advance directives and to use other end-of-life measures. African Americans are almost 3 times more likely to oppose euthanasia than white Americans. Some speculate that this discrepancy is due to the lower levels of trust in the medical establishment. Select researchers believe that historical medical abuses towards minorities (such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study) have made minority groups less trustful of the level of care they receive. One study also found that there are significant disparities in the medical treatment and pain management that white Americans and",
"found to be more opposed to euthanasia than to those who had a lower level of religiosity. Recent studies have shown white Americans to be more accepting of euthanasia than black Americans. They are also more likely to have advance directives and to use other end-of-life measures. African Americans are almost 3 times more likely to oppose euthanasia than white Americans. Some speculate that this discrepancy is due to the lower levels of trust in the medical establishment. Select researchers believe that historical medical abuses towards minorities (such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study) have made minority groups less trustful of the level of care they receive. One study also found that there are significant disparities in the medical treatment and pain management that white Americans and other Americans receive. Among African Americans, education correlates to support for euthanasia. Black Americans without a four-year degree are twice as likely to oppose euthanasia than those with at least that much education. Level of education, however, does not significantly influence other racial groups in the US. Some researchers suggest that African Americans tend to be more religious, a claim that is difficult to substantiate and define. Only black and white Americans have been studied in extensive detail. Although it has been found that minority groups are less supportive of euthanasia than white Americans, there is still some ambiguity as to what degree this is true. A 2005 Gallup Poll found that 84% of males supported euthanasia compared to 64% of females. Some cite the prior studies showing that women have a higher level of religiosity and moral conservatism as an explanation. Within both sexes, there are differences in attitudes towards euthanasia due to other influences. For example, one study found that black American women are 2.37 times more likely to oppose euthanasia than white American women. African American men are 3.61 times more likely to oppose euthanasia than white American men. In \"Gender, Feminism, and Death: Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia\" Susan M. Wolf warns of the gender disparities if euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide were legal. Wolf highlights four possible gender effects: higher incidence of women than men dying by physician-assisted suicide; more women seeking physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia for different reasons than men; physicians granting or refusing requests for assisted suicide or euthanasia because of the gender of the patient; gender affecting the broad public debate by envisioning a woman patient when considering the debate. Euthanasia in the United"
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"Prindle, Patrick and Associates Prindle, Patrick and Associates was an architectural firm founded by architect Theodore Hord Prindle in 1957 as Titus & Prindle. The firm designed a wide range of buildings, but specialized in jails, prisons, and other correctional facilities. Its most notable projects include the Municipal Court, Hall of Justice, jail, and couorthouse annex at the Franklin County Government Center in Columbus, Ohio, and the courthouse, jail, and county sheriff headquarters at the Justice Center Complex in Cleveland, Ohio. The firm dissolved in 1991. After graduating from The Ohio State University with a bachelor's degree in architecture, Prindle co-founded the architectural firm of Titus and Prindle in Columbus, Ohio, in 1957. After his partner left the firm in the early 1960s, the name of the firm was changed to Ted H. Prindle and Associates. The firm opened an office in Clearwater, Florida, in 1966. In December 1966, it won a contract to design the Franklin County, Ohio, jail in Columbus, and it built a bank branch in Zanesville, Ohio, in August 1967. By 1969, Prindle had taken on Allen L. Patrick, a 1962 graduate of the University of Cincinnati, and the firm changed its name to Prindle & Patrick. Prindle moved to Clearwater in 1971, leaving Patrick to manage the Columbus office. Patrick increasingly specialized in correctional facilities, courthouses, and similar justice-related structures, and the firm designed such facilities in Ireland, Nigeria, and Turkey as well as the United States. The firm built a large number of justice-related structures in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, becoming extremely well known for its corrections work even as it continued to design a wide range of other structures. In the 1970s, Prindle & Patrick built a number of justice-related structures in Columbus, including the Franklin County Jail (1970), the 10-story Franklin County Hall of Justice (1973), the Franklin County Courthouse Annex (1975), and the 19-story Franklin County Municipal Court (1979). The Municipal Court won the firm a Bridge Prize for merit for its elevated pedestrian skywalk from the American Institute of Steel Construction. The firm also renovated the county jail in Hocking County, Ohio, in 1973. Prindle & Patrick designed the Sarasota County Jail in Sarasota County, Florida, in 1975. The county sued the firm in 1983 over a leaky roof, an exterior facade which broke off in sections, and poor plumbing. Prindle & Patrick countered that its design was not at fault; the contractor (which had since gone bankrupt) performed shoddy work, and Prindle & Patrick was not responsible for ensuring that the contractor did its job. The firm designed its first major hotel in 1980 when it was given the commission for the Hyatt Regency Columbus. The city of Columbus commissioned Prindle & Patrick and the planning firm of Edsall & Associates to prepare a redesign of Parsons Avenue, a major city thoroughfare. Their analysis, the \"Parsons Avenue Urban Design Action Plan: Stage 1\", was issued in 1981. In July 1981, Prindle, Patrick and Associates won a major contract to build a number of elementary school buildings in Holly Hill, Ormond Beach, and South Halifax, Florida. Serious problems emerged with three school designs in East Volusia, Florida, however. The roofs failed hurricane wind stress tests, and the heating and air conditioning systems often failed. The school board sued the Prindle, Patrick and Associates for mismanaging the projects—charges the firm promptly and strenuously denied. In 1981, the firm also designed a new West Pasco County Jail in New Port Richey, Florida. But the county sheriff refused to house inmates there when it opened in March 1982, arguing that the jail's design was unsafe for his jailers. Prindle declared the jail safe, saying it was designed to be staffed by 54 jailers and that the sheriff was trying to make do with just 19. In 1982, Prindle, Patrick and Associates completed work on the Pinellas County Criminal Court Building in Pinellas County, Florida. But the building leaked severely, and the contractor sued the architects for providing a substandard design and requiring inferior materials. In 1982, the firm changed its name again to Prindle, Patrick and Associates (sometimes spelled Prindle, Patrick + Associates and occasionally referred to by the media as Prindle, Patrick & Partners). Allen Patrick was elected to the College of Fellows of the American Institute of Architects in May 1987. Theodore Prindle retired in 1988, and the firm changed its name to Patrick & Associates. But the firm received fewer commissions after Prindle's retirement, and in 1991 Patrick dissolved the company and joined the architectural firm of Bohm-NBBJ. A subsidiary architectural firm, Prindle, Patrick & Orput, was established in Illinois in the mid 1980s to solicit business in that state. The firm's most notable commission was the DuPage County Jail in DuPage County, Illinois, designed about 1983. The , 354-bed prison immediately developed problems. Windows and skylights leaked, exterior bricks cracked, and the mortar between the bricks failed. The county decided against suing Prindle, Patrick & Orput, and sued the contractor for the cost of the $275,000 repairs. Prindle, Patrick and Associates Prindle, Patrick and Associates was an architectural firm founded by architect Theodore Hord Prindle in 1957 as Titus & Prindle. The firm designed a wide range of buildings, but specialized in jails, prisons, and other correctional facilities. Its most notable projects include the Municipal Court, Hall of Justice, jail, and couorthouse annex at the Franklin County Government"
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"Eduardo Fischer Eduardo Aquiles Fischer (born March 25, 1980 in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil) is an Olympic breaststroke swimmer from Brazil. He swam for Brazil at the 2000 and 2004 Olympics. Eduardo began swimming at the age of seven, but only started competing at 11. The motivation came from his older brother, who has practiced the sport. His first club was the Joinville Tênis Clube, where he stayed for ten years. In 1999, he went to Minas Tênis Clube, where he went to defend the CR Vasco da Gama until 2002, when he returned to Joinville. The first major title came at the 1997 Brazilian Winter Championship, with the gold medal in the 100-metre breaststroke. Participated in the 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, in the 100-metre breaststroke (31st place) and in the 4×100-metre medley (12th place). In 2001, he already was the South American record holder at 50-metre breaststroke and 100-metre breaststroke At the 2002 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Moscow, obtained his best performance in an international tournament, getting the bronze medal in the 50-metre breaststroke. In addition, he was also in the 100-metre breaststroke final, finishing in 6th place, and in the 4×100-metre medley final, finishing in 7th place. In this competition he beat twice the South American record at the short-course 50-metre breaststroke (27.51 seconds in qualifying and 27.23 seconds in semifinal ), and twice the 100-metre breaststroke (59.64 seconds in qualifying and 59.60 seconds in the final.) beyond the South American record in the 4×100-metre medley final (3:35.59). The South American record of the 50-metre breaststroke was only beaten in 2008 by Felipe França Participating in the 2003 World Aquatics Championships, in Barcelona, finished 21st place in the 50-metre breaststroke, 23rd in the 100-metre breaststroke and 17th in the 4×100-metre medley. At the 2003 Pan American Games in Santo Domingo, won the silver medal in the 4×100-metre medley, and bronze in the 100-metre breaststroke. In the 100-metre breaststroke, broke the South American record in Olympic pool, and still hit the index for the 2004 Summer Olympics, with a time of 1:01.88. In 2003, broke the South American record in the 50-metre breaststroke Olympic pool, with a time of 28.21 seconds. This mark was only broke in 2007 by Felipe Lima. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, in Athens, went to the 100-metre breaststroke semifinals and finished 15th place. Fischer also swam the 200-metre breaststroke, finishing 24th place, and 4×100-metre medley, placing 15th. In the 100-metre breaststroke heats, he broke the South American record, with a time of 1:01.84. This mark was only hit in 2006 by Henrique Barbosa. At the 2004 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Indianapolis, Fischer was close to winning a medal on three occasions: came in 4th place in the 50-metre breaststroke, 10 hundredths of bronze; 4th in the 100-metre breaststroke, and 4th in the 4×100-metre medley, which broke the South American record with a time of 3:33.02, along with Guilherme Guido, Kaio Almeida and César Cielo. This 4×100-metre medley area record just fell in 2008. He was in the 2006 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Shanghai, where he went to the semifinals and was ranked 16th in the 50-metre breaststroke, was 22nd in the 100-metre breaststroke and 9th in the 4×100-metre medley. At the 2008 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m), in Manchester, went to the 50-metre breaststroke semifinal, but was disqualified, and in 100-metre breaststroke, finished 17th place. In May, 2009, still managed to beat the South American record in the short-course 100-metre breaststroke, with a time of 58.14 seconds, and the 50-metre breaststroke record, with a time of 26.73 seconds. He was at the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, where he was disqualified at the 50-metre breaststroke, and finished 18th in the 100-metre breaststroke. At the end of 2011, the 31-year-old Eduardo Fischer announced his retirement from professional swimming. Graduated in Law, began to devote himself to his career in tax consultancy. Eduardo Fischer Eduardo Aquiles Fischer (born March 25, 1980 in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil) is an Olympic breaststroke swimmer from Brazil. He swam for Brazil at the 2000 and 2004 Olympics. Eduardo began swimming at the age of seven, but only"
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"Karol, Gujarat Karol is a village and former minor Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. The princely state in Jhalawar \"prant\" was ruled by Jhala Rajput Chieftains. It comprised two major centres, that is karol and vadekhan villages. In 1901 the population totaled 981. State Revenue in 1903-4 yielded approximately 11,000 Rupees, 796 of which was paid to the British and Junagadh State. Karol is the major village of Limbdi and was built by Zala Amarsinhjibapu. The name was taken from Kalbherav Dev, suggested by Zala Amarsinhjibapu. It is located near the Limbdi in surendranagar district. Karol is surrounded by extensive acreage and borders with Laliyad, Sauka, Pandri, Limbdi, Khandiya, Mojidad, Borna, Bhrugupur and many other villages. The total population of the district is around 2.5 thousand. It is a clean and beautiful village. Karol is well connected by road and train. The Chuda railway station is conveniently located only 2 km away. Alternatively, a government bus serves Karol from the Limbdi bus staion every half hour. Narmda cannal also passes near the village, providing water for drinking and agriculture. Karol has a beautiful large lake. Main road divides lake and village area. The roads in the village are made by RCC in all over the village. And hear also under water garbej system so you can't see any dirty place hear. 1>SATIMA TAMPLE 2>RAMJI MANDIR 3>MA SHAKTI MANDIR 4>Other Temple 5>Pond Hill 6>Government school 7>Sondiyo wall 8>Old village house Karol, Gujarat Karol is a village and former minor Rajput princely state on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. The princely state in Jhalawar \"prant\" was ruled by Jhala Rajput Chieftains. It comprised two major centres, that is karol and vadekhan villages. In 1901 the population totaled 981. State Revenue in 1903-4 yielded approximately 11,000 Rupees,"
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"Guttersnipes (band) Guttersnipes were a four-piece punk, pop band, which formed in 1990 by Paul \"Brocky\" Brockhoff on guitar and vocals, Ian MacKaye on drums, Michael \"Macca\" McManus on bass guitar and Andrew \"Ricey\" Rice on guitar and vocals. Soon after MacKaye was replaced by Mark \"Hursty\" Hurst on drums. They issued an eight-track album, \"Blurred\", in November 1991 (expanded with three bonus tracks in July of the following year) via Au-Go-Go Records. The group disbanded in 2001, although they occasionally reformed for additional shows. Guttersnipes were formed as a four-piece punk, pop band, in Melbourne in 1990 by Paul \"Brocky\" Brockhoff on guitar and vocals, Ian MacKaye on drums, Michael \"Macca\" McManus on bass guitar and Andrew \"Ricey\" Rice on guitar and vocals. According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, \"Taking their cue from the likes of Hüsker Dü, Lemonheads, Fugazi and other 1980s US guitar bands, [they] traded in guitar-heavy pop. 'Melodic grunge' was a term often used to describe the band's loud, distorted yet tuneful approach.\" MacKaye was replaced on drums by Michael \"Macca\" McManus. The band were signed to Au Go Go Records and released their debut single, \"It's Over\", in early 1991. The group's debut album, \"Blurred\", followed in November of that year, initially as an eight-track, 10\" long play. It was recorded with Simon Grounds as producer, audio engineer and mixer, from August to November. A CD version followed in July of the next year, with three bonus tracks from the \"It's Over\" single. During 1992 they supported gigs by visiting international groups, Lemonheads, Fugazi and Nirvana. During the 1990s they toured the eastern states, often together with fellow local label mates, Spiderbait, the Meanies and/or the Throwaways. In the early 1990s they formed a triad of bands with the Throwaways and Spiderbait, to organise shows under the umbrella, Tell 'em It's Healthy. This combined their audiences so that venues would see them as a worthwhile attraction. The Tell 'em It's Healthy shows frequently outsold those of the more established headline acts of the time. The Guttersnipes supported other international bands touring Australia, including Sonic Youth, Ween, Buffalo Tom, L7 and Bob Mould. They played with other Australian acts, including Cosmic Psychos, the Beasts of Bourbon, the Hard-Ons, the Splatterheads, Magic Dirt, Regurgitator, Screamfeeder, You Am I, Something for Kate and Kim Salmon and the Surrealists. They performed at festivals, including Meredith in 1991 and 1992. The Guttersnipes are no longer a professional working band since 2001. They played the occasional show in Melbourne but these were rare. Guttersnipes were the subject of two broadcasts on Triple J, Australia's national youth radio network. The first was a half an hour acoustic performance, which aired on 30 June 1992 as part of the Triple J Acoustic Sessions. The second broadcast was a forty-minute live performance, aired on 25 February 1993 as part of the \"Live at the Wireless\" program. \"Blurred\" (2 November 1991) – Au Go Go Records 10\" long play \"Face the Day\" (1996) Au Go Go Records Guttersnipes (band) Guttersnipes were a four-piece punk, pop band, which formed in 1990 by Paul \"Brocky\" Brockhoff on guitar and vocals, Ian MacKaye on drums, Michael \"Macca\" McManus on bass guitar and Andrew \"Ricey\" Rice on guitar and vocals. Soon after MacKaye was replaced by Mark \"Hursty\" Hurst on drums. They issued an eight-track album, \"Blurred\", in November 1991 (expanded with three bonus tracks in July of the following year) via Au-Go-Go Records. The group disbanded in 2001, although they occasionally reformed for additional shows. Guttersnipes were formed as a four-piece punk, pop band, in Melbourne in"
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"Lin Richards Lindsay 'Lin' Richards (27 March 1909 – 25 April 1992) was an Australian rules footballer who played for East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is a member of the interchange bench in East Fremantle's official 'Team of the Century' which was announced in 1997. Originally from Boulder in the Goldfields League, Richards first played with East Fremantle in 1927 and by 1929 had established himself in the side. A centre half back, he played in premiership teams in 1929, 1930 and 1931. He won a Sandover Medal in 1931 to become the first ever player from East Fremantle to claim the award. Richards joined South Melbourne in 1934 as one of many interstate recruits to the club during that period and he went on to play in three losing grand finals. Lin Richards Lindsay 'Lin' Richards (27 March 1909 – 25 April 1992) was an Australian rules footballer who played for East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He is a member of the interchange bench in East Fremantle's official 'Team of the Century'"
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"retrieved": [
"Mike Hermann Mike Hermann is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mike ( Michael Alexander) Hermann was born in Australia of an American father and a New Zealand Maori mother. He came to the United States as an infant. He was a standout at Hilton Head Prep school in basketball and football. He also attended Avon Old Farms school for his post year of high school where he played football and basketball. He attended and played for Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute from 2009 to 2013. He was named offensive player of the year of Liberty League in 2011 and 2012. On May 3, 2013, Hermann signed with the San Diego Chargers as an undrafted free agent. Hermann was later cut by the San Diego Chargers. Mike Hermann Mike Hermann is an American football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mike ( Michael Alexander) Hermann was born in Australia of an American father and a New Zealand Maori mother. He came to the United States as an infant. He was a standout at Hilton Head Prep school in basketball and football."
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"Association value Association value is a concept in cognitive psychology and in particular the psychology of human learning and memory. The association value of a stimulus is a measure of its meaningfulness. It is a strong predictor of how easy it is to learn new information about that stimulus, for example to learn to associate it with a second stimulus, or to recall or recognize it in a memory test. The concept of association value is needed because formally similar stimuli are frequently learned at very different rates and remembered with very different accuracies. Glaze developed the concept of association value to explain differences in the rate of learning of nonsense syllables, which had been introduced into psychology by Hermann Ebbinghaus to provide a standard stimulus in studies of human learning and memory, but had rapidly been discovered to have highly variable properties. Glaze asked students to say whether stimuli (nonsense syllables in his experiment) had meaning for them; the proportion who said \"yes\" for a given nonsense syllable gave him a measure of its association value. A more precise measure was introduced by Noble, who measured association value (to which he gave the everyday name, \"meaning\") by the number of associated words that a person could write down in 60 seconds. Building on earlier experiments by, for example, Lyon, Noble showed that association value of nonsense syllables, measured in this way, was strongly linked to the speed with which people could learn to reproduce a list of them. The idea was subsequently applied to other tasks and other kinds of stimuli, such as numbers and abstract shapes. The general relationship is consistent in all cases: material of higher association value is learned more quickly. Clearly the concept could be little more than a label for unexplained variation in learning rates. It is given content by the facts that: Although the idea of association value seems intuitive, further reflection shows that the underlying principle is not logically inevitable. The fact that stimuli that have high association values are easily learned and remembered means that it is easier to learn new meanings for stimuli that already have multiple meanings; the opposite could have been the case – it could have turned out that it would be hard to learn anything new about a stimulus that was already loaded with associations. Differences in association value account for many familiar facts of everyday cognition. For example, it is easier for an English speaker to remember names in English or other European languages, where the names are associated with everyday meanings (e.g. \"Brown\") and with numerous known people who have that name, than it is for them to remember names in Chinese, where no such associations are known; and the same applies in reverse to a Chinese speaker. This is why Chinese people living in English-speaking countries commonly take English names, and vice versa. Similarly, it is much easier to remember places, objects, or rooms in a building by name than by number, because names have higher association values than numbers. Some formal theories of learning incorporate a quantified form of the concept of association value. For example, in the Rescorla–Wagner model of classical conditioning, the parameter β, which expresses the capacity of the unconditional stimulus to support learning, is sometimes referred to as its association value. This usage is consistent with the more general concept of association value as described by Glaze, but typically in such formal theories the parameters are not measured independently of the fitting of the model to learning data. Association value Association value is a concept in cognitive psychology"
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"Edelweiss Group Edelweiss Group is an investment and financial services company based in Mumbai. It is not backed up by any major conglomerate. The parent company of the group is Edelweiss Financial Services Limited, co-founded by Rashesh Shah, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairman. Edelweiss Financial Services Limited has a network of sub-brokers and authorised people across India. The company is registered with National Stock Exchange of India, Bombay Stock Exchange and MCX Stock Exchange. Initially, the company worked on private equity syndication, mergers, acquisitions (M&A) and focused on advisory services. In 2000, the company had capital mark of Rupees 50 million. It acquired Rooshnil Securities in 2017. Edelweiss was founded in 1995 by Rashesh Shah and Venkat Ramaswamy. Edelweiss Broking Limited Edelweiss Group Edelweiss Group is an investment and financial services company based in Mumbai. It is not backed up by any major conglomerate. The parent company of the group is Edelweiss Financial Services Limited, co-founded by Rashesh Shah, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairman. Edelweiss Financial Services Limited has a network of sub-brokers and authorised people across India. The company is registered with National Stock Exchange of India, Bombay Stock Exchange and MCX Stock Exchange. Initially, the company"
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"The Boat Race 1927 The 79th Boat Race took place on 2 April 1927. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Oxford's crew was marginally heavier than their opponents, and saw five participants return with Boat Race experience, compared to Cambridge's four. Umpired for the first time by former Oxford rower Charles Burnell, Cambridge won by three lengths in a time of 20 minutes 14 seconds. It was the first race in the history of the event to be broadcast live on BBC Radio. The victory took the overall record in the event to 40–38 in Oxford's favour. The inaugural Women's Boat Race was contested this year, with Oxford securing the victory. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the \"Dark Blues\") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the \"Light Blues\"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1926 race by five lengths, with Oxford leading overall with 40 victories to Cambridge's 37 (excluding the \"dead heat\" of 1877). This year also saw the inaugural running of the Women's Boat Race, between female crews from the two universities. Oxford were coached by H. R. Baker (who rowed for the Dark Blues in the 1908 and 1909 races), G. C. Bourne (who had rowed for the university in the 1882 and 1883 races), R. C. Bourne (who had rowed four times between 1909 and 1912) and P. C. Mallam (a Dark Blue from 1921 to 1924 inclusive). Cambridge were coached by William Dudley Ward (who had rowed in 1897, 1899 and 1900 races), Francis Escombe and David Alexander Wauchope (who had rowed in the 1895 race). For the first year the umpire was Charles Burnell, who had rowed for Oxford in the 1895, 1896, 1897 and 1898 races. It was the first time that the progress of the race was broadcast on BBC Radio from the umpire's launch \"Magician\". Poet J. C. Squire and Olympic gold medallist and former Oxford rower Guy Nickalls provided the commentary, with transmission equipment on the boat weighing in excess of , and using a number of specially built reception points along the course. It was the second live outdoor commentary ever broadcast, the first being the England versus Scotland match of the 1927 Five Nations Championship. The Oxford crew weighed an average of 12 st 8.625 lb (79.9 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Cambridge's boat contained four participants with Boat Race experience, including cox J. A. Brown who was steering the Light Blues for the fourth consecutive year. Oxford saw five members of the previous year's crew return, including E. C. T. Edwards and James Douglas Wishart Thomson, both of whom were rowing for the third time in the event. Cambridge's Australian number six J. B. Bell and his opposite number, American Howard T. Kingsbury of Yale University, were the only non-British participants registered in the race. According to author and former Oxford rower George Drinkwater, neither crew could \"be classed in a very high standard\", claiming Cambridge's selection was poor and Oxford's coaches indecisive. Ten days before the race, Oxford's W. S. Llewellyn was struck down by German measles and was replaced by A. M. Hankin who was placed at stroke. Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. In a strong wind and \"big spring tide\", Burnell started the race at 1:30 p.m. After a level start, Oxford held a canvas-length lead by the time the crews passed Craven Steps, but the Light Blues levelled the race using the advantage of the bend in the river at Craven Cottage. The crews passed the Mile Post level whereupon Oxford retook the lead, slightly out-rating their opponents and passed below Hammersmith Bridge with a half-length advantage. Nearly clear by The Doves pub, the Dark Blues ran into strong wind and rough water and Cambridge started to reduce their lead. A lead of one-third of a length at Chiswick Steps was soon overhauled by the Light Blues who were almost clear at Barnes Bridge. They rowed on to win \"comfortably\" by three lengths in a time of 20 minutes 14 seconds. It was Cambridge's fourth consecutive victory and their eighth win in nine races, and took the overall record in the event to 40–38 in Oxford's favour. Following the race, the tide was so high that spectators were forced to wade through water that was knee-deep. Oxford won the inaugural women's race by 15 seconds despite not rowing together; the crews were not permitted to compete side-by-side, that style of competition being considered \"unladylike\". Notes Bibliography The Boat Race 1927 The 79th Boat Race took place on 2 April 1927. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Oxford's crew was marginally heavier than their opponents, and saw five participants return with Boat Race"
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"Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built-up (\"or metro\") area made of 3 urban districts, Handan and Yangyan counties, and Shahe City in Xintai municipality, largely being conurbated now. Handan, once well-defended from southern attack by a bend in the Zhang River, was a city of the state of Zhao during the Warring States Period (5th–3rd centuries BCE) of Chinese history. It was their second capital, after Zhongmu. It has held the name \"Handan\" since at least the 1st millennium BCE. King Wuling of Zhao turned Zhao into one of the Qin state's most stalwart foes, pioneering the use of walls to secure new frontiers (which would inspire the eventual construction of the Great Wall of China). The city was conquered by the State of Qin after the virtual annexation of Zhao by Qin except for the Dai Commandery. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang was born in Handan, the child of a statesman from the state of Qin and after successfully conquering Zhao he ordered all enemies of his mother to be buried alive. The conquest of Zhao, particularly the Qin siege of Handan, is featured extensively in Chen Kaige's classic film, \"The Emperor and the Assassin\". At the beginning of the Han dynasty, Handan was Liu Bang's base for suppressing Chen Xi's rebellion in 197 and 196 BCE. The town was still regarded as a cultural and commercial centre at the end of the dynasty in the early 3rd century CE. It slowly declined, perhaps because of the numerous battles that ravaged northern China following the Han Dynasty, but maintained a reputation for its fine Cizhou ware well into the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It was also the birthplace in the 19th century of Yang-style tai chi, one of its five major schools. Though much of Handan's ancient history is no longer visible, it still has some attractions, most derived from Zhao folklore such as the road into which Lin Xiangru, courier of the precious jade He Shi Bi, backed in order to let his nemesis Lian Po pass first, as well as the location in which Lian Po begged for Lin Xiangru's forgiveness. Modern-day Congtai Park is located on the site of the historical Zhao court. Next to Congtai Park is the legendary \"Xuebu Qiao\" (), or \"Learning to Walk Bridge\". The nearby Xiangtangshan Caves contain massive Buddha statues carved into the mountainside, some dating to the 6th century. Many of these statues were severely vandalised by occupying Japanese forces during World War II. Handan was prized by the Japanese invaders for its coal reserves. In 2007, Handan was the location of China's largest ever bank robbery The population at the 2010 census was 941,427 for the 3 urban districts, 2,845,790 for the built up area and 9,174,683 for the entire Prefecture-level city area of . The municipal executive, legislative and judiciary are situated in Congtai District (, Cóngtái Qū), as well as the CPC and Public Security bureaux. Handan has a cold, continental semi-arid climate (Köppen \"BSk\"), with strong monsoonal influence, typical of the North China Plain. The normal monthly daily mean temperature ranges from in January to in July, while the annual mean temperature is . A majority of the normal annual precipitation of occurs in July and August. Handan has witnessed rapid growth over the past 20 years. Industrial growth in the city has focused on communication and transport activities. Handan is a major producer of coal and steel, with Coal mines at Fengfeng providing power for Handan's iron, steel and textile mills. Chemical and cement plants along with other industries also benefit. Local agriculture produces maize, pomegranates and eggs. Handan also has a growing services sector, with retail, banking and trading making up 40% of the economy. The GDP per capita in Renminbi was estimated at ¥13,449 in 2005. In 2015, the figure was ￥33,554.87. According to a survey by \"Global voices China\" in February 2013, Handan was one of China's most polluted cities due to heavy industrial outputs. However the government has made a significant effort to make the city cleanerwhich involved closing down many polluting power plants. It is no longer the most polluted city, and according to a 2016 government survey, the number of good air quality days is 189 days, an increase of 135 days compared with 2013. Handan Prefecture is home to the AAAAA tourist attractions Guangfu Ancient City and the Nüwa Imperial Palace. According to Handan government in 2007, 40 ethnic groups were present in Handan. Ethnic minorities represent 50,000 people, among which 48,000 Hui. There are 22 Hui schools and 5 Hui junior high schools in Handan. The most widespread religion in Handan is Chinese folk religion, including Taoism and Buddhism. In 2013, there were more than 150,000 Catholics in Handan according to the Catholic Church, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Yongnian. in Daming County was built in 1918. The most recent church was built in 2007. There are also 300,000 Protestants. The largest Protestant church is on Qianjin Avenue (邯郸市西堂) and was built in 1997. The oldest church was on Congtai Street and was built in 1920. The church was destroyed 2009 by the local government. A new church was built in 2011. According to the local government 30,000 Hui Muslims live in the prefecture of Handan. Handan Handan is a prefecture-level city located in the southwest of Hebei province, China. The southernmost prefecture-level city of the province, it borders Xingtai on the north, and the provinces of Shanxi on the west, Henan on the south and Shandong on the east. At the 2010 census, its population was 9,174,683 inhabitants whom 2,845,790 lived in the built-up (\"or metro\") area made of"
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"Pan Am Railways Pan Am Railways, Inc. (PAR), known before March 2006 as Guilford Rail System, is an American holding company that owns and operates Class II regional railroads covering northern New England from Mattawamkeag, Maine, to Rotterdam Junction, New York. The primary subsidiaries of Pan Am Railways are Boston and Maine Corporation, Maine Central Railroad Company, Portland Terminal Company, and Springfield Terminal Railway Company. Pan Am Railways is headquartered in Iron Horse Park in North Billerica, Massachusetts. It is a subsidiary of Portsmouth, New Hampshire-based Pan Am Systems, formerly known as Guilford Transportation Industries. Guilford bought the name, colors and logo of Pan American World Airways in 1998. During much of the 20th century, heavy manufacturing industry tended to move out of New England, making the region primarily a receiver of freight traffic rather than an originator. Originating freight or carrying it long distance are far more profitable than final delivery or short haul. New England's railroads have long been handicapped by traffic flow that makes them delivery agents for other railroads and by short distances. Practically the longest one-railroad haul in New England was Boston & Maine's route from the Hudson River to Portland, Maine, — less than one-eighth of the distance from Seattle to Chicago on the BNSF Railway. A merger consisting of the B&M, the Maine Central Railroad (MEC), and the Delaware & Hudson Railway (D&H), along with one or more other New England railroads, was proposed as long ago as 1929 by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) as part of its nationwide merger proposal. Frederic C. Dumaine, Jr., president at various times of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (NH), the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad and D&H, proffered much the same idea. The benefits of such a merger would include economies of scale and longer hauls. In 1977, Timothy Mellon, heir of the wealthy and influential Mellon family of Guilford, Connecticut, teamed up with ex-Penn Central employee David Fink to form Perma Treat, a railroad tie treatment company. Mellon wanted to acquire a railroad and considered several: Illinois Central Railroad and the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad. None of those acquisitions happened, but Mellon's interest in railroads continued. The passage of the Staggers Rail Act in 1980 allowed Mellon and Fink to execute a business plan (unlike those of earlier railroads in the region), centering on buying up as many local railroads as possible, thus creating full horizontal integration over New England and the northern Mid-Atlantic states, and gaining efficiencies of scale. In June 1981, Mellon purchased MEC and its wholly owned subsidiary Portland Terminal Company (then owned by U.S. Filter Corporation) through his holding company, Guilford Transportation Industries. In June 1983, the B&M became the second piece of the Guilford system, bringing with it a subsidiary, the Springfield Terminal Railway, a former interurban line connecting Springfield, Vermont to Charlestown, New Hampshire. The Springfield Terminal subsidiary continues to exist and houses most of the operational side of the entire company including train crews and dispatch. The formation of Penn Central (PC) in 1968 and its takeover of the NH at year's end had left New England with only one non-PC connection to the rest of the country: B&M's interchange with D&H at Mechanicville, New York. The D&H made a logical extension to the Guilford system — and a necessary one if Guilford was to be more than a terminal company for Conrail traffic moving into New England. D&H was surrounded by Conrail and not doing well. The state of New York, which had financed much of D&H's rehabilitation program, approached Guilford about acquiring the railroad. In October 1981, the Norfolk & Western Railway, which owned D&H through a subsidiary holding company, agreed to sell it to Guilford. The purchase was completed at the beginning of 1984. By the time the Guilford system was formed, the one-time multiplicity of connecting railroads had become a single, healthy, well-managed railroad: Conrail. Any New England-bound traffic Conrail originated would move as far as possible on Conrail before being handed over to Guilford (e.g. to Springfield, Massachusetts, rather than Buffalo, New York), and it would move faster. The Guilford remained a short-haul, terminating railroad. Guilford's first few years were defined by abandonments, labor unrest and strikes, and a draconian management style that damaged the company's reputation. The railroad struggled financially to turn a profit and implemented cost-cutting measures. Guilford then began to shrink its system by eliminating marginal low-density routes. MEC's Mountain Division from Portland, Maine, to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, carried almost no local traffic and served only to give MEC a connection with a railroad other than B&M. With the formation of the Guilford system, it was deemed redundant. B&M was now part of the family, and interchanging traffic with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) at Mattawamkeag, Maine, was easier than battling the grades of Crawford Notch in New Hampshire. A section in New Hampshire was salvaged and reborn as the Conway Scenic Railroad. Similarly, the only business on MEC's Calais Branch from Bangor to Calais, Maine, was at the extreme eastern end, which could be reached by CP. Service on most of the branch was discontinued, and the line was sold to the Maine Department of Transportation (MaineDOT). The remaining service in Calais serves a pulp mill in Woodland and is operated by ST; MaineDOT leases a segment between Brewer and Ellsworth to the Downeast Scenic Railroad. The remaining Ellsworth-Calais segment was leased to the Downeast Sunrise Trail, an interim rail trail. MEC's Rockland Branch from Brunswick, to Rockland, Maine, was also on the chopping block, and is now part of the Maine Eastern Railroad, as was part of the Lower Road, the Portland-Waterville route via Augusta, Maine. Guilford announced layoffs, shop closings, and pay cuts. MEC's maintenance workers went on strike in March 1986, and the strike spread to B&M and D&H. To take advantage of a lower wage scale and more flexible work rules that apply to shortline railroads, Guilford began leasing portions of the MEC and B&M to B&M subsidiary Springfield Terminal (ST) for operation. This saved money for Guilford, but angered labor, resulting in another, more lengthy strike in 1987. In 1988 an arbitrator on behalf of the ICC ruled that Guilford could not lease D&H to ST and had to abide by pre-ST labor agreements. The ruling precipitated D&H into bankruptcy. Guilford withdrew from D&H, and the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway was designated to operate the railroad. In 1991, the D&H was sold to CP Rail, where it grew into a more prosperous railroad than it had been during Guilford's tenure. \"The Philadelphia Inquirer\" later commented that Guilford had \"become the bane of organized labor for a harsh, confrontational approach to trimming costs\". Most railroad executives dismissed Mellon as a wealthy heir who suffered from gross mismanagement, possessed a willful misunderstanding of the inner workings of a railroad, and was a \"stubborn ideologue\". Guilford proved to be an unwilling participant in assisting Amtrak on several occasions, forcing the U.S. federal government to get involved. The company had two north-south routes to Canada, the D&H line north from Albany and B&M's Connecticut River Line. The D&H line was in better condition, so Guilford downgraded the B&M route, reducing maintenance. Complications arose. B&M and the Central Vermont Railway (CV) each owned a portion of the route. South of Brattleboro and north of Windsor, Vermont, CV maintained its track so that good speeds were possible, but between those two points was a stretch of B&M track, much of it limited to . Amtrak, whose \"Montrealer\" used the route,",
"possessed a willful misunderstanding of the inner workings of a railroad, and was a \"stubborn ideologue\". Guilford proved to be an unwilling participant in assisting Amtrak on several occasions, forcing the U.S. federal government to get involved. The company had two north-south routes to Canada, the D&H line north from Albany and B&M's Connecticut River Line. The D&H line was in better condition, so Guilford downgraded the B&M route, reducing maintenance. Complications arose. B&M and the Central Vermont Railway (CV) each owned a portion of the route. South of Brattleboro and north of Windsor, Vermont, CV maintained its track so that good speeds were possible, but between those two points was a stretch of B&M track, much of it limited to . Amtrak, whose \"Montrealer\" used the route, found the slow running intolerable. The train was suspended in 1987, and the ICC ordered B&M to sell the Windsor-Brattleboro segment to Amtrak, which immediately resold it to CV, who rehabilitated the track. The \"Montrealer\" was restored in 1989 on a new route: CV all the way from New London, Connecticut, to Cantic, Quebec, bypassing B&M entirely. Service on Amtrak's new \"Downeaster\" line between Boston and Portland was delayed when negotiations between Guilford and the national passenger carrier slowed due to the former's issues with equipment weight and speed limits. In December 1998, a speed limit of was agreed upon between both parties, with the Surface Transportation Board (STB) approving it in 1999. Guilford then refused to assist Amtrak with any track improvements, forcing the STB to deal with Guilford on Amtrak's behalf. Track upgrades were eventually made in 2000, but the proposed 2001 start-up was further delayed when Guilford refused to allow Amtrak speeds in excess of (despite STB approval of 79 mph), as well as prohibiting Amtrak from operating test trains. Again the STB informed Guilford that they were in violation of their agreements signed with Amtrak. \"Downeaster\" service finally began on December 14, 2001. In 1985, Guilford entered into an agreement with Norfolk Southern Railway (NS) to run trains to St. Louis. NS was attempting to win approval of a plan to purchase Conrail from the U.S. government and proposed allowing Guilford to lease Conrail lines to St. Louis in order to restore competition that would be lost in the merger. The plan would have allowed Guilford to use the Conrail mainline from Toledo to Ridgeway, Ohio, and from Crestline, Ohio, to St. Louis. Guilford would also purchase of Conrail track and 1,300 freight cars from Norfolk Southern for $53M. NS did not prevail in its attempt to purchase Conrail in 1985, and the Guilford plan was dropped. In 1987, Guilford also placed a bid to buy Southern Pacific. The paper industry provides the largest source of business, both inbound chemicals, clay and pulp (although Pan Am has lost much of that business to trucks), and outbound paper. Rail had a slightly more than 50% market share for outbound paper shipments from Maine, most of which used Pan Am (truck and boat carry the balance). By comparison, rail has a better than 80% market share from mills in Wisconsin (primarily served by Wisconsin Central Transportation). A 2008 report issued by the American Society of Civil Engineers rated Maine at 48th of the 50 states in volume of freight traffic that moves by rail. The Maine Motor Transport Association web page reports that trucks transport 94% of total manufactured tonnage in Maine. Despite the general growth in freight transport throughout the US, Guilford's growth remained stagnant due to poor management decisions, despite an initial growth spurt in the 1990s. With the creation of Pan Am Railways, traffic dropped considerably. A report issued by MaineDOT listed traffic on MEC as being 162,658 loads in 1972. As of 2008, Pan Am traffic over the remaining portions of MEC was estimated to be less than 69,000 loads. During the same time span, the Association of American Railroads estimates that freight traffic throughout the US more than doubled. In 1998, Guilford bought the name, colors and logo of Pan American World Airways. In March 2006, Guilford Transportation Industries changed its name to Pan Am Systems, and Guilford Rail System was rebranded as Pan Am Railways (PAR). Then in March 2009, PAR was ordered to pay the largest corporate criminal fine in Massachusetts history — $500,000 — due to the company's negligence to report a spill of hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel in violation of state and federal environmental laws and regulations. As of 2011, PAR employs 750 people and has a $40 million payroll. The company continues to operate with subsidiary entities bearing the names of former railroads which over time formed the present day company. The company's assets are housed separately in these various subsidiaries for various reasons. For example the Boston and Maine Corporation owns the railroad property itself while the Springfield Terminal branch operates the railroad (most of the company's employees are under the Springfield Terminal umbrella.) Meanwhile the Maine Central entity owns rolling stock. On May 15, 2008, NS announced that it had come to an agreement with PAR to \"create an improved rail route between Albany, New York, and the Boston, Massachusetts, region, named the Patriot Corridor. The STB approved the deal on March 12, 2009, with each railroad owning 50% of a new company known as Pan Am Southern (PAS). PAR's trackage between Ayer, Massachusetts, and Mechanicville, New York, was transferred to PAS and continues to be operated and maintained by PAR's ST subsidiary. NS transferred to PAS cash and property valued at $140 million. Improvements to the route include track and signal upgrades, and expansion of terminals, including construction of new automotive and intermodal terminals in Ayer and Mechanicville. In March 2012, the Federal Railroad Administration awarded a $2-million grant to the Massachusetts Department of Transportation for preliminary engineering on removing 19 obstacles to allow double stack container trains to use the Patriot Corridor route. The project includes raising clearance by two feet in the Hoosac Tunnel. The company has been criticized for dumping used railroad ties that contain creosote rather than sending them for safe disposal or recycling. PAR's main line runs from Mattawamkeag, Maine, to Mechanicville, New York, via the lines of the following former companies: In August 2011, PAR repainted an EMD GP9 locomotive (ST #77) into the maroon and gold \"Minuteman\" paint scheme used on B&M locomotives in the 1950s. In December 2011, ST GP9 #52 was repainted using MEC's 1950s-era \"Pine Tree Route\" green and gold livery.Both were sold to the Heber Valley Railroad and departed Pan-Am property in September of 2018. Road Trains: Local operations: Pan Am Southern operations Pan Am Railways Pan Am Railways, Inc. (PAR), known before March 2006 as Guilford Rail System, is an American holding company that owns and operates Class II regional railroads covering northern New England from Mattawamkeag, Maine, to Rotterdam Junction, New York. The primary subsidiaries of Pan Am Railways are Boston and Maine Corporation,"
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"The Model and the Marriage Broker The Model and the Marriage Broker is a 1951 romantic comedy film about a marriage broker. Though Jeanne Crain (as the model) is top billed, the movie revolves around Thelma Ritter's character (the broker), in a rare leading role for Ritter. Scott Brady also stars. The film is directed by George Cukor and produced by Charles Brackett. Through her \"Contacts and Contracts\" company, Mae Swasey is busy scheming to bring couples together. It is not very rewarding financially, and Mae is in debt. Even one of her seeming successes, Ina Kuschner's impending wedding to Radiographer Matt Hornbeck, does not go as hoped. Ina's mother refuses to pay Mae the agreed-upon $500 commission. Mae, however, gets the last laugh; Matt gets cold feet at the last moment and leaves the bride waiting at the altar. When Mae goes to see another client, her purse is accidentally taken by model Kitty Bennett, while she gets Kitty's lookalike one. Looking inside for something to identify its owner, Mae reads a letter in which Kitty's current boyfriend apologizes for not mentioning that he is married (but wants to keep on seeing her). When the two women get together to exchange purses, Kitty becomes annoyed when she discovers Mae has read her letter and rejects Mae's advice to give the self-admitted \"heel\" up. Kitty comes to apologize for her unkind words later. Mae talks her into breaking up with the married man, then tries to fix her up with Matt by pretending that Kitty may have swallowed a missing earring (which may have fallen into an omelet Mae was preparing) and requires an X-ray. Mae's own sister Emmy shows up. Twenty years before, she had stolen Mae's husband. Now that she is recently widowed and lonely, she wants Mae to find her a replacement. Mae turns her down. Matt and Kitty become a couple, but when Kitty learns about Mae's meddling and her plans to maneuver a commitment-averse Matt into proposing, she ends their friendship. Mae goes away to a resort to think things over. When Kitty goes to make up with Mae at her office, she runs into Mr. Johannson, one of Mae's clients, who needs help desperately to patch up his relationship. Kitty reluctantly takes the absent Mae's place. Then Mae's friend Doberman explains how badly she hurt Mae, that Mae thought of her as the daughter she never had, and that Mae helps those who are shy, need a helpful push, or are not as pretty as Kitty. Afterward, Kitty tries to arrange a relationship for Mae with Dan Chancellor, a wealthy Canadian bachelor who had heard of Mae's service. Mae and Kitty become friends again, but Mae comes to realize she herself will never be lonely as long as she has people to help. She decides that Dan would actually be a better match for Emmy. In addition, Matt realizes he wants to marry Kitty after all, and gets her to agree to it. Finally, Doberman surprises Mae by presenting himself as her suitor. Walter Reisch who worked on the film said it \"worked like a million dollars. [Fox production head Daryl] Zanuck loved the picture so much that I don't think he eliminated one frame. I don't remember one marginal note in a script of 140 pages. We came in on budget, and Cukor's work was lovely, sensitive. We had a big success, and the reason The Model and the Marriage Broker didn't score an even bigger success was because it came just at the start of the age of CinemaScope and color, and that story certainly did not lend itself to CinemaScope and color. It was very intimate... But when it was finished... Zanuck was so involved in CinemaScope and had put so much money and publicity into CinemaScope that he simply treated this picture as a stepchild.\" The Model and the Marriage Broker The Model and the Marriage Broker is a 1951 romantic comedy film about a marriage broker. Though Jeanne Crain (as the model) is top billed, the movie revolves around Thelma Ritter's character (the broker), in a rare leading role for Ritter. Scott Brady also stars. The film is directed"
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"Manukau railway station Manukau railway station is located at the heart of the campus of the Manukau Institute of Technology in Manukau, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is the terminus station for Eastern Line services between Manukau and Britomart Transport Centre in central Auckland. Access from the station to ground level and to surrounding streets is by stairs, lift or escalator to the ground floor of the 7-level campus building. Station works were essentially finished by October 2011, and the Manukau Branch line, a 2.5 km spur line off the North Island Main Trunk Railway, opened on 15 April 2012. Manukau station is the only station on the branch line. The Eastern Line was the second passenger rail line in Auckland to receive electric train services, following the Onehunga Line in April 2014. Electric trains began running on some Eastern Line off-peak services on 15 August 2014, and were gradually rolled out onto all services over the following month. In December 2014, all trains using the Eastern Line began terminating at Manukau rather than alternating between Manukau and Papakura. Similarly, all Southern Line trains began terminating at Papakura or Pukekohe. Transdev Auckland, on behalf of Auckland Transport, operates suburban services from Manukau to Britomart along the Eastern line via Glen Innes and Panmure. At off-peak, three trains per hour depart Manukau during weekday inter-peak, decreasing to two trains per hour in the evening and on weekends. At peak times, as many as six trains per hour depart Manukau. Bus routes 33, 35, 313, 325, 352, 353, 355, 361, 362, 365, 366, 368, 369, and 380 serve Manukau Station. In 2016, work began on the 23-bay Manukau Bus Station adjacent to the train station. It was officially opened on 7 April 2018, and bus services from the facility began the following day. Manukau railway station Manukau railway station is located at the heart of the campus of the Manukau Institute of Technology in Manukau, a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is the terminus station for Eastern Line services between Manukau and Britomart Transport Centre in central Auckland. Access from the station to ground level and to surrounding streets is by stairs, lift or escalator to the ground floor of the 7-level campus building. Station works were essentially finished by October 2011, and the Manukau Branch line, a 2.5 km spur line off the North Island Main Trunk Railway,"
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"Testaroli Testaroli, sometimes referred to as testarolo, is a type of pasta or bread in Italian cuisine that is prepared using water, flour and salt, which is sliced into triangular shapes. A common dish in the Lunigiana region and historical territory of Italy, it is an ancient pasta originating from the Etruscan civilization of Italy. Testaroli has been described as \"the earliest recorded pasta.\" It is also a native dish of the southern Liguria and northern Tuscany regions of Italy. Testaroli is prepared from a batter that is cooked on a hot flat surface, after which it may be consumed. It is traditionally cooked on a \"testo\", a flat terra cotta or cast iron cooking surface from which the food's name is derived. It is sometimes cooked further in boiling water and then served. Testaroli is sometimes referred to as a bread, similar to focaccia in composition, and is sometimes referred to as a crêpe. It may be dressed with pesto sauce or other ingredients such as olive oil, Pecorino cheese, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and garlic. \"Falsi testaroli al ragu\" is a similar dish prepared using sliced pasta dough and a ragù sauce. Testaroli's name is based upon the \"testo\", a terra cotta or cast iron cooking device with a hot, flat surface that testaroli is traditionally cooked on. Testaroli is an ancient pasta that originated from the Etruscan civilization, a civilization of ancient Italy. The book \"Rustico: Regional Italian Country Cooking\" states that testaroli is \"a direct descendant of the porridges of the Neolithic age that were poured over hot stones to cook.\" It is a native dish of the southern Liguria and northern Tuscany regions of Italy. According to an article published by \"The Wall Street Journal\", it is \"the earliest recorded pasta.\" In the Italian province of Massa and Carrara, located within the Tuscany region, it was a peasant food consumed as a one-course meal, topped with grated cheese and olive oil. In Massa and Carrara, it was sometimes accompanied with stracchino cheese or charcuterie. Testaroli remains a very popular dish in Pontremoli, a small city in the province of Massa and Carrara, where it is served at virtually every restaurant in the city, during both mornings and evenings. Testaroli is also a common and specialty dish in the Lunigiana region and historical territory of Italy, which is located between the Liguria and Tuscany regions. Testaroli have been celebrated by Lunigiana-born Col. Primo Tomellini with a vibrant and vivid poetry. Testaroli is a type of pancake-like pasta prepared using water, wheat flour and salt that is sliced into triangular shapes. Chestnut flour is sometimes used in its preparation. The ingredients are mixed together and prepared as a batter, after which it is cooked, sometimes using a two-stage cooking process. In the typical first stage, and sometimes only stage of cooking, the batter is poured and cooked on a hot, flat surface in the style of a pancake or crêpe. In this process, testaroli is traditionally cooked on a \"testo\", which may be prepared for use by being heated over hot coals. A skillet is another cooking device that can be used to cook the batter. The pasta is then sliced into triangles, and is sometimes directly served after this cooking process. In the second cooking stage that is sometimes performed, the pasta may be set aside to cool, and then cooked further in boiling water. Testaroli is sometimes referred to as a type of bread that is similar to focaccia, and is also sometimes referred to as a crêpe. The book \"The Italian Country Table\" refers to testaroli as a \"near cousin to pasta\", and as a \"great round pancake-like bread no more than a quarter inch thick.\" This book also states that when it is baked to a crisp texture, it can be consumed in the style of a bread, whereas when baked less, it may have a spongy and soft texture, like a pasta. Cooking methods vary in different areas of Italy, and some of these methods are traditional in nature. Testaroli is sometimes served with pesto sauce, which is a common addition to it in the Liguria and Tuscany regions of Italy. Another dressing method includes the addition of olive oil, Pecorino cheese, Parmigiano-Reggiano, garlic and basil. Significant amounts of sauce may absorb into testaroli. A very similar dish is \"falsi testaroli al ragù\" (English: \"false testaroli in ragù\"), which is prepared using sliced pasta dough and does not involve the use of a batter or cooking on a \"testo\". It is served with a ragù, an Italian meat-based sauce. Testaroli Testaroli, sometimes referred to as testarolo, is a type of pasta or bread in Italian cuisine that is prepared using water, flour and salt, which is sliced into triangular shapes. A common dish in the"
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"Schweipolt Fiol Schweipolt Fiol (also Sebald Vehl or Veyl; born approximately in 1460? - died 1525 or 1526) was a German-born 15th century pioneer of Cyrillic printing. Fiol spent a considerable part of his life in Poland, particularly Kraków, the capital of the Polish Kingdom at the time. The city was famous for its university. The burgeoning of the arts and sciences contributed to the early emergence of book printing here: as early as 1473-1477 there was a print shop in Kraków, which published numerous theological works. Fiol was a multifaceted and gifted man: he worked as a mining engineer and jeweler, and then took over a print shop. It is this print shop, owned by Fiol, which first published in Cyrillic such religious books as Eastern Slavic editions of Horologion, Octoechos, and the two Triodi. The very first book printed in Cyrillic script, \"Oktoikh\" (Octoechos), was published by Fiol in 1491 in Kraków. The exact date of his birth is unknown. He was born in Neustadt an der Aisch in Franconia. He moved to Kraków in 1479 and was soon enrolled in a department of Goldsmiths. He worked as a gold embroiderer (). On March 9, 1489, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir issued Fiol the privilege to the invention of a machine for pumping water from mines. The invention has been under interest of a wealthy merchant and banker John Thurzo (1437-1508), who owned a number of mines, including the lead mines in Olkusz. Subsequently, Thurzo, with the Kraków patrician Jan Teshnarom had sponsored Fiol's printing house. To start printing it was necessary to cut out the appropriate Cyrillic script. On October 26, 1489 Fiol signed a contract with Karbesom Jacob, who pledged to \"engrave letters and adjust font Russian.\" At the same time, he went to Nuremberg, probably in order to make punches and matrices for the subsequent embossing. Documentary evidence about Fiol referred to on September 18, 1490: Fiol accused Johann and Nikolaus Svedlera of Neuburg of the theft of paper kept in his workshop in Kraków. Later, in turn, they filed for Fiola to court for libel. However, evidences was not provided by Fiol, but he said he saw the theft with his own eyes. The court's decision in this case was unknown. The final version of the Cyrillic script and some of the letters commissioned by Fiol was cut out by student of Kraków University, Rudolf Borsdorf from Braunschweig who quickly supplied Fiol with 230 completely finished and adjusted letters and superscript icons (\"Ludolfus Ludolfi de Brunszwyczk\"). We also know that Rudolph pledged not to make such fonts for anyone else, even for himself, and not teach how to make them, as Fiol did not want to let someone else print Church Slavonic books. Famous German poet and humanist Conrad Celtis, lived in the years 1489-1491 in Kraków, and in his works, supported Fiols' publishing. In July 1491 Fiol pleaded with Mr. Otto for money. His printing of Eastern Slavic Orthodox books led him into conflict with the Catholic Church authorities in Kraków. The book printer was arrested at the start of November 1491 under a fabricated charge of Hussite heresy. He was released on November 21, with a bail of 1000 gulden and a guaranty by two affluent Kraków citizens. He was arrested again in the beginning of 1492. On January 13, 1492, the Archbishop of Gniezno had recommended him to refrain from sharing and printing Ruthenian books. Fiol was released in June 1492. He was found not guilty, but had to sign a document stating that he would cease his printing of Cyrillic books. Afterwards he discontinued his work as a printer and left Kraków. From 1502 Fiol lived in Reichenstein, and later moved to the town of Levoca, where he was mining. In his last years he resided in Kraków, living on a pension granted to him by the Thurzo family. Schweipolt Fiol died at the end of 1525 or early 1526. Fiol was married to a Polish woman, Małgorzata, the eldest daughter of a Kraków butcher Mikołaj Lubczyca. Since Małgorzata is not mentioned in the will from May 7, 1525, we can assume that either she died before or at this point, they were divorced. Printing in Poland began in the late 15th century, when following the creation of the Gutenberg Bible in 1455, printers from Western Europe spread the new craft abroad. The Polish capital at the time was in Kraków, where scholars, artists and merchants from Western Europe had already been present. Other cities which were part of the Polish kingdom followed later. Cities of northern Polish province of Royal Prussia, like the Hanseatic League city of Danzig (Gdańsk), had established printing houses early on. The first printing shop was possibly opened in Kraków by Augsburg-based Günther Zainer in 1465. In 1491, Schweipolt Fiol printed the first book in Cyrillic script. The next recorded printing shop was a Dutch one known by the name Typographus Sermonum Papae Leonis I. that might have been established in 1473 on Polish territory, but its exact location has yet to be determined. The oldest known print from Poland is considered to be the \"Almanach cracoviense ad annum 1474\" (Cracovian Almanac for the Year 1474) which is a single-sheet astronomical wall calendar for the year 1474 printed and published in 1473 by Kasper Straube. The only surviving copy of the Almanach cracoviense measures 37 cm by 26.2 cm, and is in the collection of the Jagiellonian University. Other well known early printers in Poland were: In the late 16th century there were 7 printing shops in Kraków, and in 1610 ten printing shops. A decline started in around 1615 leaving only three secular printing shops in 1650, accompanied by a few ecclesial ones. Only one printing shop is recorded in Warszawa in 1707, owned by the Piarists. This situation improved during the realm of the last Polish king, Stanisław August Poniatowski, which marked a political and cultural revival in Poland. Unfortunately his attempts to reform the state led to the Partitions of Poland carried out by Prussia, Austria and Russia. The world's first movable type printing technology was invented and developed in China by the Han Chinese printer Bi Sheng between the years 1041 and 1048. In the West, the invention of an improved movable type mechanical printing technology in Europe is credited to the German printer Johannes Gutenberg in 1450. The exact date of Gutenberg's press is debated based on existing screw presses. Gutenberg, a goldsmith by profession, developed a printing system by both adapting existing technologies and making inventions of his own. His newly devised hand mould made possible the rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities Johannes Gutenberg's work on the printing press began in approximately 1436 when he partnered with Andreas Dritzehn—a man he had previously instructed in gem-cutting—and Andreas Heilmann, owner of a paper mill. However, it was not until a 1439 lawsuit against Gutenberg that an official record exists; witnesses' testimony discussed Gutenberg's types, an inventory of metals (including lead), and his type molds. Having previously worked as a professional goldsmith, Gutenberg made skillful use of the knowledge of metals he had learned as a craftsman. He was the first to make type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, which was critical for producing durable type that produced high-quality printed books and proved to be much better suited for printing than all other known materials. To create these lead types, Gutenberg used what is considered one of his most ingenious inventions, [38] a special matrix enabling the quick and precise molding of new type blocks from a uniform template. His type case is estimated to have contained around 290 separate letter boxes, most of which were required for special characters, ligatures, punctuation marks, etc. Gutenberg is also credited with the introduction of an oil-based ink which was more durable than the previously used water-based inks. As printing material he used both paper",
"a craftsman. He was the first to make type from an alloy of lead, tin, and antimony, which was critical for producing durable type that produced high-quality printed books and proved to be much better suited for printing than all other known materials. To create these lead types, Gutenberg used what is considered one of his most ingenious inventions, [38] a special matrix enabling the quick and precise molding of new type blocks from a uniform template. His type case is estimated to have contained around 290 separate letter boxes, most of which were required for special characters, ligatures, punctuation marks, etc. Gutenberg is also credited with the introduction of an oil-based ink which was more durable than the previously used water-based inks. As printing material he used both paper and vellum (high-quality parchment). In the Gutenberg Bible, Gutenberg made a trial of coloured printing for a few of the page headings, present only in some copies. A later work, the Mainz Psalter of 1453, presumably designed by Gutenberg but published under the imprint of his successors Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer, had elaborate red and blue printed initials. It happened that the Eastern Slavic Cyrillic printing house was founded not on the territory of one of Eastern Slavic countries, and in the capital and the largest economic center of the then Kingdom of Poland - Kraków, which at that time was home to many Ukrainian and Belarusians. There at the end of the 15th century, came the first four books printed in Cyrillic Church Slavonic. Two of them - the Book of Hours and Osmoglasnik (Octoechos) - are marked on the end-of-print in Crakow in 1491 by Schweipolt Fiol. Thus, the printed script Lenten Triodion (in one of its copies, it is not output) and Pentecostarion (the page with the symbol names Fiol is preserved only in the copy that was recently discovered in the city of Brașov). Scientists assume that customers, who ordered printing liturgical texts, have been associated with the Kyiv Metropolis or one of its dioceses. Experts believe that the model for the (very modest) designs of these publications were Slavic manuscripts, particularly from Carpathian churches. In total in Fiol's printing house in Kraków, he published four editions of Church Slavonic books: \"Octoechos\" and \"Book of Hours\" has the following colophon, in which the text is typed without spaces, making it difficult to understand and produced several variants of its interpretation. For example, this lack of clarity has allowed the Polish literary critic K. Estrayher to say that publishers could be two people: the Slav Sviatopolk and a German, a native franc. Once documents found to reside in 1478-1499 in Kraków, Fiol, who called himself franc, this reading has lost all meaning. In the Ukrainian historiography, still Fiol called Sviatopolk of Lemko, of which there is no documentary evidence. \"Octoechos\" printed in the format \"in folio\", made in the technique of two-color printing, and is made up of twenty two 8-sheet notebooks. The last 3 sheets are blank, with 172 total pages. Some of the pages are decorated with complex patterns, in the beginning of each chapter, capital letters are painted with vermilion, decorated with a modest ornament. On the second page of the book before the start of the text displayed under a braided headband is a braided initial. In addition, incunabula contains 12 lines and simple tie in drawing, small in terms of size, the initials of pawn shops. In \"Pentecostarion\" there is no colophon, but there is typographical Fiol mark. Anonymous printed in the same font of \"Lenten Triodion.\" 28 preserved copies of \"Pentecostarion\", of which at least 4 are complete. \"Pentecostarion\" consists of 366 pages, the most complete specimen was found in October 1971 in the church of St. Nicholas Schei and is at the Museum of Romanian culture in Brasov (Romania), only 21 have survived. Schweipolt Fiol Schweipolt Fiol (also Sebald Vehl or Veyl; born approximately in 1460? - died 1525 or 1526) was a German-born 15th century pioneer of Cyrillic printing. Fiol spent a considerable part of his life in Poland, particularly Kraków, the capital of the Polish Kingdom at the time. The city was famous for"
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"Coalville Greyhound Stadium Coalville Greyhound Stadium was a greyhound racing stadium on Belvoir Road, Coalville, North West Leicestershire. The stadium was constructed on a spare plot of land between Highfield Street on its west side and Belvoir Road on its west side. Coalville's opening night was 15 October 1927 and the racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club). During the 1950s and 1960s racing was held on Tuesday evenings with trial sessions on a Sunday. The track had an 'Inside Sumner' hare system and race distances of 300, 515 and 700 yards. By the 1980s racing was held on Tuesday and Saturday and facilities included a glass fronted stand with car parking for 300 vehicles. The Halfway House pub on Belvoir Road backed on to the track acting as licensed facility for the stadium. The track was 440 yards in circumference and the annual events included the Summer Midland Sprint and Midland Leger. Race Distances were 300, 510 and 715 yards and Afghan racing also took place on occasional Sundays. The track closed in 1990 after planning was given for a new housing development. Coalville Greyhound Stadium Coalville Greyhound Stadium was a"
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"Tee Mac Omatshola Iseli Tee Mac Omatshola Iseli (MFR) is a Nigerian flutist with cross-cultural Itsekiri and Swiss roots. Omatshola combined his first degree in economics from the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland, with a specialization in classical music concert performance and philharmonic composition of the University of Lausanne. During a rich career spanning over 40 years, Omatshola formed numerous bands, including Tee Mac & Afro Collection in the 1970s. He recorded his first LP, \"United\", with Polydor International in Germany with his European band Tee Mac United, in the late seventies. Omatshola hit the global music charts with two songs: \"Fly Robin Fly\", and \"Get Up & Boogie\" (owns 50% of the copy right) and toured extensively with his third band, Silver Convention, in the mid seventies. He worked with celebrated Welsh singer Shirley Bassey as her musical arranger and conductor and also worked as a composer for Cidi Croft Enterprise and later for Universal Films in Hollywood, Los Angeles. Even though Omatshola spent a lot of time touring across the globe (Far East, Latin America, Europe, North America and South Africa), he always invested in local Nigerian initiatives, becoming one of the pioneers of the Classical Music Society of Nigeria, which eventually founded the Muson Center, Nigeria’s leading music school. In 2007 Omatshola was elected president of the Musician Union of Nigeria PMAN, investing time and energy into helping develop the Nigerian entertainment industry. In 2009 he was appointed the Nigerian director of the Motherland Group, (initiated by Michael Jackson’s brother, Marlon, of The Jackson 5) which is getting support from the Lagos State Government to build a historical slave museum in Badagry. In 2011 he was elected chairman of FAMECorp, owned by top Nigerian Musicians and Nollywood stars, to build cinema houses and concert halls all over Nigeria. Omatshola was awarded the Member of the Federal Republic (MFR) national honor by Nigeria’s President Yar’adua in 2009 for his vital role in brokering peace with the Niger Delta militants and fighting for their rehabilitation. In 2011 he received an honorary doctorate degree in Arts from Bradley University in Illinois, where he serves as chairman of the board of trustees, and teaches philharmonic composition as visiting associate professor. Omatshola invested into solid minerals (he is the chairman of Allied Minerals Ltd., Cass-Cotan Mining and Processing Ltd.) He is chairman of Tee Mac Petroleum (Nig) Ltd., chairman of Tee Mac Productions (owns a recording studio), chairman of the board of the Tee Mac-HEMLA Foundation (to build music schools for the underprivileged youths of Nigeria), chairman of ACC (Anti Counterfeiting Collaboration, an association of Trade Mark owners), chairman of The Entertainment Foundation of Nigeria, umbrella of all the entertainment associations of Nigeria, music and films; director in Hemla-Ogoni Resources Ltd., director in D&H Energy Nig. Ltd. and the West African representative of Daewoo and Hemla (Norway) gas and oil solutions and executive director and shareholder in James Bay Engergy Nig. Ltd. Omatshola has two sons, a daughter and three grandchildren, one of whom is the celebrated quadriplegic Nigerian radio presenter and noted socialite, Sarah Phaedre Watson. She lives in a cupboard decorated in Cath Kidston wallpaper. Tee Mac Omatshola Iseli Tee Mac Omatshola Iseli (MFR) is a Nigerian flutist with cross-cultural Itsekiri and Swiss roots. Omatshola combined his first degree in economics from the University of St. Gallen in Switzerland, with a specialization in classical music concert performance and philharmonic composition of the University of Lausanne. During a rich career spanning over 40 years, Omatshola formed numerous bands, including Tee Mac & Afro Collection in the 1970s. He recorded his"
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"retrieved": [
"Gerry Conlon Gerard \"Gerry\" Conlon (1 March 1954 – 21 June 2014) was one of the Guildford Four who spent 15 years in prison after being wrongly convicted of being a Provisional IRA bomber. Gerry Conlon was born in Belfast and grew up at 7 Peel Street on the corner of Mary Street in the impoverished but close-knit community of the Lower Falls Road He described his childhood as happy. His father was Giuseppe Conlon, a factory worker, and his mother was Sarah Conlon, a hospital cleaner. In 1974, at age 20, Conlon went to England to seek work and to escape the everyday violence he was encountering on the streets of Belfast. He was living with a group of squatters in London when he was arrested for the Guildford pub bombings, which occurred on 5 October the same year. Conlon, along with fellow Irishmen Paul Hill and Paddy Armstrong and Englishwoman Carole Richardson, became the so-called Guildford Four convicted on 22 October 1975 of planting two bombs a year earlier in the Surrey town of Guildford, which killed five people and injured dozens more. The four were sentenced to life in prison. At their trial the judge told the defendants, \"If hanging were still an option you would have been executed.\" Conlon continued to protest his innocence, insisting that police had tortured him into making a false confession. On 19 October 1989, his position was vindicated when the Guildford Four were freed after the Court of Appeal in London ruled that police had fabricated the handwritten interrogation notes used in the conviction. Crucial evidence proving Conlon could not have carried out the bombings had been held back by the police from the original trial. A group of Conlon's relatives, collectively known as the Maguire Seven, was convicted of being part of the bombing campaign and also spent decades in prison. Among them was his father, Giuseppe, who had travelled to London from Belfast to help his son mount a legal defence, and who died in prison in 1980. In 1991 the Maguire Seven were also exonerated. Scientists had falsely asserted that the hands of each defendant had tested positive for nitroglycerine. After emerging from the Court of Appeal as a free man, Conlon said: \"I have been in prison for something I did not do. I am totally innocent. The Maguire Seven are innocent. Let's hope the Birmingham Six are freed.\" Conlon was represented by human rights lawyer Gareth Peirce, who also secured the release of the Birmingham Six. Conlon described his experience of injustice in his book \"Proved Innocent\" (1991). After that, he became a leading character in the film \"In the Name of the Father\" (1993), in which he was portrayed by Daniel Day-Lewis. After his release from prison, Conlon had problems adjusting to civilian life, suffering two nervous breakdowns, attempting suicide, and becoming addicted to alcohol and other drugs. He eventually recovered and became a campaigner against various miscarriages of justice in the United Kingdom and around the world. Conlon battled with lung cancer for a lengthy period before his death on 21 June 2014 in his native Belfast. His sister Ann McKernan died on 2 April 2018. Gerry Conlon Gerard \"Gerry\" Conlon (1 March 1954 – 21 June 2014) was one of the Guildford Four who spent 15 years in prison after being wrongly convicted of being a Provisional IRA bomber. Gerry Conlon was born in Belfast and grew up at 7 Peel Street on the corner of Mary Street in the impoverished but close-knit community of the Lower Falls Road He described his childhood"
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"Billy Walker (boxer) William (Billy) Walker (born Stepney, London, 3 March 1939) is a British retired heavyweight boxer and actor. He turned professional in 1961 after 39 amateur bouts. His nickname was \"Golden Boy\". His professional record was 21 wins (16 by knockout), 8 losses and 2 draws. During 1967, he fought for both the British and European titles, losing to Henry Cooper (Great Britain) and Karl Mildenberger (West Germany) respectively. After he retired from the ring in 1969 he appeared in several British films and TV shows. His autobiography \"When the Gloves Came Off\" was published in 2007. William Walker is the son of William James Walker, a brewery worker, drayman at Watney's brewery, and wife (Limehouse, April/June 1925) Ellen Louisa Page (Southwark, October/December 1903 – ?). He is the youngest of three brothers. During World War II, his father served in the Royal Air Force and the boys lived with their mother in Bedfordshire, and later in Ilford, Essex. He left school at 16 and started working in the printing business. Later a friend introduced him to a more highly paid job as a porter in London's historic Billingsgate Fish Market. He was also a bouncer and part-time DJ at the Ilford Palais dance hall which was managed by Jimmy Savile at the time. He joined a West Ham boxing club to keep fit, and was eventually persuaded to spar with other members and found that he had the talent to box competitively. Walker's older brother George had been a successful light heavyweight boxer and persuaded him to enter the sport, with the ambition eventually to turn professional. With his natural ability, and George's guidance, within three years he had won the British (ABA) Amateur Heavyweight title. Soon after a first-round knockout of American Cornelius Perry in an international tournament broadcast on national TV, promoters were competing to sign Walker to lucrative contracts. About this time the media started calling him \"The Golden Boy\" and \"The Blond Bomber\". Billy Walker had two other brothers, one named Ernest Walker, also a boxer, and Charlie. Billy refused a rematch with Derry heavyweight Jim Monaghan after a disputed first-round TKO in a four-nations competition in Dublin 1961. Monaghan had Walker bleeding heavily from the nose from a steady hard jab before the ref prematurely stopped the fight when Monaghan got caught with a right to the body. Monaghan was never knocked out as an amateur or pro. With brother George as his manager, Walker embarked on a professional career that in six years would see him challenging for both the British and European titles. With his curly blond hair, boyish good looks and all action style the public flocked to see his fights. George invested the purses in a string of night clubs and restaurants and soon the brothers were rich. Billy Walker moved to London's West End and mixed with society's elite. On one occasion he was presented to the Queen, who told him that she enjoyed watching his fights. This was during London's \"swinging sixties\" and Walker took full advantage of his wealth, fame and good looks to have fun with a series of beautiful women. Although he never fought in the US, during his career he stopped rated American heavyweights Charlie Powell, Bowie Adams, Ray Patterson and Thad Spencer inside the distance. In spite of a few weeks' coaching at Harry's Gym in Harlem, Walker's defensive skills remained marginal, and some of his later fights against world class opponents had to be stopped owing to cuts and excessive bleeding from his nose. In 1969 at the age of 30 he retired from the ring, a very wealthy young man. When Billy Walker retired from boxing, George Walker continued to run their business empire as though it were his alone. This soon led to disputes and eventually they parted company. Billy Walker retained enough assets to live very comfortably, with various business interests of his own, including Billy's Baked Potato, a chain of fast food outlets. He also played comedy roles in two Frankie Howerd films, \"Up Pompeii\" and \"Up the Chastity Belt\" in 1971. Changing financial conditions a few years later forced him to look for other income. He moved to Jersey, a tax haven in the Channel Islands and became a successful property developer. George Walker went on to become a tycoon in the UK gambling and film industries with his Brent Walker Group but he too suffered a reversal of fortune, but later developing new business interests in Russia before dying of a heart attack in the South of France in March 2011. He has been active on the speaking circuit and is an honorary steward for the British Boxing Board of Control. He recently collaborated with the Kray Twins' confidant and writer Robin McGibbon on his autobiography \"When the Gloves Came Off\" (), which was published in 2007. In 1968, Billy Walker married Susan Coleopy and they had two children, Daniel and Clare. They divorced in 1977. In September 1979 his girlfriend Chrissie gave birth to a son, Warren, but she opted to bring him up on her own. They are still on good terms. He married Jackie in 1981. They also had two children, Kelly and Thomas (Tom), but divorced in the 1990s. In 1997 he married Patricia but she died of cancer in 2003. Walker is married to his fourth wife, Susan, whom he had known from his time in Jersey about thirty years previously. They live in Essex. Billy Walker (boxer) William (Billy) Walker (born Stepney, London, 3 March 1939) is a British retired heavyweight boxer and actor. He turned professional in 1961 after 39 amateur bouts. His nickname was \"Golden Boy\". His professional record was 21 wins (16 by knockout), 8 losses and 2 draws. During 1967, he fought for both the British and European titles, losing to Henry Cooper (Great Britain) and Karl Mildenberger (West Germany) respectively. After he retired from the ring in 1969 he appeared in several British"
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"In re Gill In re: Gill is a landmark Florida court case that in 2010 ended Florida's 33-year ban on adoptions by homosexuals. In 2007, Frank Martin Gill, an openly gay man, had petitioned the circuit court to adopt two boys that he and his partner had been raising as foster children since 2004. Gill was prohibited from adopting by a 1977 Florida law prohibiting adoption by gay men and lesbians in that state. After a four-day trial challenging the law, on November 25, 2008, Judge Cindy S. Lederman declared the ban violated the equal protection rights of the children and their prospective parents under the Florida Constitution, and granted Gill's adoption request. The state of Florida appealed the trial court decision. Oral arguments were heard by a three judge panel of the Florida Third District Court of Appeal on August 26, 2009. The district court upheld the trial court's ruling in favor of the plaintiffs on September 22, 2010, and the state declined to pursue any further appeals, thus effectively nullifying the anti-gay adoption statute, which the state no longer enforces. In 1977, at the peak of the anti-gay Save Our Children campaign led by Anita Bryant to repeal a Miami-Dade human rights law, the Florida Legislature enacted a law prohibiting adoptions by homosexuals. Several attempts were made in the state legislature to repeal the adoption ban, and there were several unsuccessful challenges in Florida courts, including: In 1999, the issue was heard in federal court for the first time when the case of \"Lofton v. Kearney\" was taken to the United States District Court in South Florida, which upheld the state law in August 2001. The case was appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. In May 2002 while the Lofton case was pending, eight former state legislators who voted for the 1977 ban, including the former Senate President and House Speaker, repudiated the law. Former representative Elaine Bloom said, \"The hysteria of the times led us to do the wrong thing.\" Furthermore, in June 2003 the U. S. Supreme Court in \"Lawrence v. Texas\" struck down all remaining sodomy laws nationwide as being unconstitutional violations of the due process rights of gays and lesbians. However, in January 2004, the appeals court ruled against Lofton, finding that the adoption ban did not violate constitutional guarantees of equal protection and due process. In May 2005, the U. S. Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal from Lofton. Although homosexuals were prohibited from adopting, the state did allow them to be foster parents or legal guardians. In 1992 a lesbian couple had filed suit (\"Matthews v. Weinberg\" 645 So. 2d 487) after the state removed a six-year-old foster child from their home on account of their sexual orientation. In 1994, the Florida Second District Court of Appeal ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the Legislature had not prohibited homosexuals or unmarried couples from serving as foster parents. Thereafter, state child welfare workers placed numerous children (including victims of abuse or neglect, special needs children, and infants or toddlers with HIV or AIDS) with same-sex couples over the years, as was the case with the Gill family. As Judge Lederman noted: During the Gill trial, the Florida Department of Children and Families, which operates the state foster care system, admitted in court that \"gay people and heterosexuals make equally good parents ... that placing children with gay adoptive parents does not harm or disadvantage children emotionally or physically ... [and] that gay people could be the ideal placements for some children.\" At that time, there were 3,535 children in state custody needing adoptive parents. On December 11, 2004, the Florida Department of Children and Families placed two boys, who are referred to as John and James Doe in court papers, in the home of Martin Gill and his partner, who had previously fostered several other children. Four-year-old John and four-month-old James were only supposed to be with Gill temporarily, but plans for them to live with relatives fell through. In 2006, a judge terminated the parental rights of the boys' biological parents. Gill subsequently petitioned the Florida Department of Children and Families in October 2006 to adopt the boys, but although every assessment and home study showed that the boys were thriving under the excellent care of Gill and his partner, DCF denied the petition because it violated the law against adoption by a homosexual. With the help of attorneys provided by the American Civil Liberties Union, Gill filed a petition for adoption with the circuit court in January 2007, which held a four-day hearing on the case in October 2008. The Department of Children and Families was represented by attorneys from the state Attorney General's office. Judge Lederman found in favor of the plaintiff, Gill, and granted the adoption in her ruling on November 25, 2008. Over the course of a four-day trial before the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida in Miami-Dade County, both the petitioners and the state presented evidence relating to the best interests of the children involved as well as evidence related to the legitimacy of the ban on adoption by gay men and lesbians. A psychologist who evaluated the boys testified that it was in their best interests to be adopted by Gill, and that removing them from their home would be devastating. The boys' guardian ad litem, appointed by the court to represent their interests in the proceedings, called Gill and his partner \"model parents\" and their home \"one of the most caring and nurturing placements\" he had seen. The ACLU, representing Gill, called expert witnesses who cited studies that found no significant differences in the stability of same-sex relationships compared to opposite-sex relationships, and no significant differences in outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents versus opposite-sex parents. The state called Dr. George Alan Rekers, at the time an officer and scientific advisor of the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH), who presented research (some of which had already been discredited) finding that gay men and lesbians suffered higher rates of depression, anxiety, affective disorders and substance abuse than heterosexuals and that same-sex relationships were less stable than opposite-sex ones. The state also called a second expert witness, Dr. Walter Schumm, Associate Professor of Family Studies at Kansas State University, who conceded that a case-by-case assessment of potential adoptive parents who are gay or lesbian would be more appropriate than the current blanket exclusion. During the trial, Rekers testified that \"gay people [are] mentally unstable and advised that the ban should be expanded to include Native Americans because, Rekers claimed, they are also at much higher risk of mental illness and substance abuse.\" However, in her ruling on the case Judge Lederman stated that the testimony of George Rekers \"was far from a neutral and unbiased recitation of the relevant scientific evidence,\" and that \"Dr. Rekers' beliefs are motivated by his strong ideological and theological convictions. ... The court cannot consider his testimony to be credible nor worthy of forming the basis of public policy.\" In her order granting the petition to adopt, Judge Lederman (who had presided over many child welfare cases as Presiding Judge of the Miami-Dade Juvenile Court since 1994) found that Florida's adoption ban violated the equal protection rights of Gill and the minor children without a rational basis for doing so. The court also found that the ban violated state and federal guarantees of the children's right to permanency. The judge stated in her decision: Reports and studies find that there are no differences in the parenting of homosexuals or the adjustment of their children. These conclusions have been accepted, adopted and ratified by the American",
"and theological convictions. ... The court cannot consider his testimony to be credible nor worthy of forming the basis of public policy.\" In her order granting the petition to adopt, Judge Lederman (who had presided over many child welfare cases as Presiding Judge of the Miami-Dade Juvenile Court since 1994) found that Florida's adoption ban violated the equal protection rights of Gill and the minor children without a rational basis for doing so. The court also found that the ban violated state and federal guarantees of the children's right to permanency. The judge stated in her decision: Reports and studies find that there are no differences in the parenting of homosexuals or the adjustment of their children. These conclusions have been accepted, adopted and ratified by the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatry Association, the American Pediatric Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Child Welfare League of America and the National Association of Social Workers. As a result, based on the robust nature of the evidence available in the field, this Court is satisfied that the issue is so far beyond dispute that it would be irrational to hold otherwise; the best interests of children are not preserved by prohibiting homosexual adoption. The Attorney General's office immediately announced its intention to appeal the ruling. In December 2008, lawyers for Gill and the children filed a motion requesting that the Florida Supreme Court take up the case immediately, which was denied. Oral arguments were heard by the Florida Third District Court of Appeal on August 26, 2009. Some observers believed the case would ultimately be decided by the Florida Supreme Court. In the appeals court, state attorneys working for McCollum redoubled their efforts to maintain the ban on gay adoptions, and furthermore sought to remove the children from the Gill home, where they had resided happily for five years and, as the circuit judge found, \"thrived.\" In November 2009, the \"Palm Beach Post\" reported: Deputy Solicitor General Tim Osterhaus, who works for McCollum and made the oral argument on Aug. 26, was asked by Judge Vance Salter what relief the agency was seeking from the court. Osterhaus asked the three-judge panel to reverse the adoption and \"make the children available for adoption.\"...\"There was an audible gasp in the packed courtroom when the attorney general's lawyer said that,\" said ACLU Florida spokesman Brandon Hensler, one of the dozens of attendees during oral arguments before the 3rd District Court of Appeal in Miami in August. ... Osterhaus' response was the first mention that Gill's adopted children could be taken away, said Gill's ACLU attorney, Rob Rosenwald Jr. of Miami. In September 2010, Governor Charlie Crist, on the heels of announcing an LGBT rights-supportive platform for his candidacy for the United States Senate, announced that he was considering dropping the appeal. Both the ACLU and the director of the state's Department of Children and Families urged Crist to not drop the suit, saying that there needs to be a final judicial resolution that applies across the entire state. On September 22, 2010, the court unanimously struck down the ban as violating the equal protection guarantees of the Florida Constitution, stating: \"The trial judge was entitled to reach the conclusion, which she did, that the Department's experts' opinions were not valid from a scientific point of view.\" Governor Crist hailed the decision as \"a very good day for Florida; it's a great day for children. Children deserve a loving home to be in.\" On October 22, 2010, Florida Attorney General Bill McCollum announced he would not pursue any further appeals of the case, effectively bringing the case and the issue of adoptions by gay men and lesbians in Florida to a close. Martin Gill's adoption of the two boys he and his partner had been raising was approved. The adoption was finalized in a ceremony in the chambers of Judge Lederman on January 19, 2011. Before the appeals court's final decision was rendered in September 2010, \"In re: Gill\" had gained further notability as the background to both the failed political ambitions of Attorney General Bill McCollum and the career-ending scandal of Dr. George Rekers. McCollum specifically hired psychologist George Rekers, a proponent of conversion therapy, as the state's star expert witness in defense of its anti-gay adoption law, and Rekers was paid nearly $120,000 for his testimony on behalf of the state. McCollum wrote in 2007: \"Our attorneys handling this case have searched long and hard for other expert witnesses with comparable expertise to Dr. Rekers and have been unable to identify any who would be available for this case.\" However, his choice of witness was criticized by Nadine Smith of the gay-rights organization Equality Florida: \"Rekers is part of a small cadre of bogus pseudo scientists that charge these exorbitant fees to peddle information they know has been discredited time and time again. And people like McCollum will pay top dollar for it. There's a reason why he can't find credible sources. Because credible people don't believe this ban should exist.\" In May 2010, Rekers became the subject of a sex scandal when the \"Miami New Times\" reported that he had been photographed at Miami International Airport with a 20-year-old rent boy, whom Rekers claimed to have hired merely as a \"travel assistant\" during a 10-day trip to Europe. The incident was subsequently covered by national and world media, leading Rekers to resign from the National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality, where he had been a scientific advisor and officer. McCollum's credibility and judgment were questioned in the media, as well. \"The Miami Herald\" reported on June 5, 2010: Nevertheless, while awaiting the decision of the appeals court, McCollum told the \"Florida Baptist Witness\" on August 3, 2010, that he believed Florida law should be changed to exclude homosexuals from being foster parents as well as adoptive parents: I really do not think that we should have homosexuals guiding our children. I think that it's a lifestyle that I don't agree with. I realize a lot of people do. It's my personal faith, religious faith, that I don't believe that the people who do this should be raising our children. It's not a natural thing. You need a mother and a father. You need a man and a woman. That's what God intended. Asked about the Rekers scandal, McCollum said: I would never have chosen Rekkers [sic] had I known what we now know today ... Rekkers was not an authority on this issue. He was an authority in the sense that he was a scholar. He did research into papers that other people wrote. So he was able to be used to get into evidence these matters that we needed. And it's unfortunate that all this publicity has come up over it, but the lawsuit, I think, is on sound ground and we're carrying it forward. McCollum had announced his candidacy for governor in May 2009, but on August 24, 2010, McCollum lost the Republican primary election to Rick Scott, who was elected Governor of Florida in the general election the following November. He was succeeded in office as Attorney General by Pam Bondi on January 4, 2011. In re Gill In re: Gill is a landmark Florida court case that in 2010 ended Florida's 33-year ban on adoptions by homosexuals. In 2007, Frank Martin Gill, an openly gay man, had petitioned the circuit court to adopt two boys that he"
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"Kyrie (song) \"Kyrie\" () is a song by American pop rock band Mr. Mister, from their album \"Welcome to the Real World\". Released in late 1985, it hit the top spot on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts in March 1986, where it was number one for two weeks. It also hit the top spot on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks chart for one week. In the UK, the song peaked at number 11 in April 1986. The lyrics to \"Kyrie\" were written by Arizona-born John Lang who co-wrote the songs on all of Mr. Mister's albums. The music was composed by Richard Page and Steve George while on tour with Adam Ant. Kýrie, eléison means \"Lord, have mercy\" in Greek, and is a part of many liturgical rites in Eastern and Western Christianity. \"Kýrie, eléison; Christé, eléison; Kýrie, eléison\" is a prayer that asks \"Lord, have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy. According to Page the entire song is, essentially, a prayer. Also, in contemporary Greek, one of the English translations of the root word, κύριος (kyrios) is \"Mister\". There is a myth that singer Richard Page wrote this song while lying in a hospital bed following being assaulted. John Lang has stated that he was the one who was assaulted, three years before \"Kyrie\" was written, and that the incident has nothing to do with the song. The video for this song was directed by Nick Morris, and features the band in performance mixed with footage taken at the tail end of their Autumn 1985 tour with Tina Turner. The song was used in the hit US TV series Miami Vice during season two, episode fourteen \"One-Way Ticket\". The U.S. 7\" single can be found pressed on transparent purple vinyl or polystyrene, depending on where it was manufactured. The single edit of the song (which was also used for the video version) ends with the a cappella phrase \"Kýrie, eléison, down the road that I must travel\", while the album version simply fades out. In 1993, Acapella Vocal Band, a traditional Southern gospel group, included a version of the song on their album \"U And Me And God Make 5 (Word)\". The cover charted on the Contemporary Christian Music charts of 1994. The group later recorded a Spanish version of the song as well. Also in 1993, the song, retitled as \"Kyrie Elieson\", was covered by Contemporary Christian music duo East to West on their self-titled debut album. Contemporary Christian artist Mark Schultz recorded a version of the song on his 2001 album \"Song Cinema\". Kevin Max has covered this song on his \"Serve Somebody\" Album from 2017. Kyrie (song) \"Kyrie\" () is a song by American pop rock band Mr. Mister, from their album \"Welcome to the Real World\". Released in late 1985, it hit the top spot on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts in March 1986, where it was number one for two weeks. It also hit the top spot on the \"Billboard\" Top Rock Tracks"
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"Agustín de Montiano y Luyando Agustín Gabriel de Montiano y Luyando (28 February 1697 – 1 November 1764) was a Spanish dramatist whose work is linked to Neoclassicism. He was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy and was also a noted historian; he founded the Real Academia de la Historia in 1735 and became its first director. He was a Secretary of \"Cámara de Gracia y Justicia y Estado\" (some sort of Spanish High Court of Justice and King Council). He was a brother of Manuel de Montiano, Lieutenant General of the Royal Spanish Army, a defender in 1738 of the attacks by the English Crown to the Florida Peninsula, held by the Spaniards since the first half of the 16th century and later sold to the United States in the 19th century by the Spanish Crown. Montiano was born in Valladolid. Orphaned in childhood, he was protected then by his uncle Francisco de Montiano, \"Ministro de la Audiencia de Aragón\", in Zaragoza, (some sort of High Court of Law for the former Kingdom of Aragón subjects), learning Jurisprudence with famed Ecclesiastical Law and History Blas Antonio Nasarre, but both, uncle and nephew have to abandon the town to go back to Valladolid because of the battles between the would-be rulers of Spain during the Spanish Succession War, Felipe V of Spain and the Pretender Archduke Carlos de Austria, but instead of, eventually, seek the protection of the Archbishop of Salamanca, the conquest of Majorca by Felipe V troops led to his uncle being sent as a \"Presidente de la Audiencia\" to Majorca. While in Majorca, they created some sort of literary academy with the assistance, apparently, of the \"Count of Mahon and Colonel of the Dragoon´s Regiment of Edimburgh\", (???), writing an Opera in 1719, \"La Lira de Orfeo\" and a poem in octosyllabes named \"El robo de Dina\" in 1727. In 1727, uncle and nephew were appointed residents in Madrid, his uncle being \"Fiscal of the Exchequer Council\" and later \"Fiscal of The High Court of Law\". On his uncle death he went to Seville, where, already seriously mentally ill King Felipe V of Spain, was living. His deep knowledge of law, French and Italian called the attention of the then powerful PM José Patiño, o (Milano, Italy, 11 April 1666 – 3 November 1736), being promoted to Secretary of the English – Spanish political meetings and truces being discussed there. In 1734 he married María Josefa Manrique, daughter of General Field Marshal Diego Antonio Manrique, close friend of the Queen Consort and in 1735 he was invested in Madrid \"Primer Secretario del Despacho Universal de Estado\", (something like the Privy Royal Spanish Council), and on 6 March 1737 he became a Member of the Royal Spanish Academy, becoming a Director on 27 April 1738, publishing in 1739, \"Cotejo de la Conducta de S. M. con la del Rey Británico\", which could be translated as \"A comparison of the behavior of His Majesty against (the behavior) of the British King\". The ailing finances of the Society of History he founded and led came in danger of the eventual closing in 1744 as discussed by Montiano himself and, mercifully, on 25 October 1744, the already seriously mentally deteriorated King \"gave notice\" of his Royal Approval. No money was however available through the Spanish Military Efforts of those years in Poland, England, Austria and Italy, but in July 1745 Montiano was appointed \"Perpetual Director of the Academy\", for his lifetime and stressing the exceptional circumstances of this \"lifetime\" appointment, never to be repeated in the future. Towards those dates he was a firm protector in Madrid of his young nephew Eugenio de Llaguno y Amírola, (Menagarai, Alava, 1724–????), later notorious political and intellectual Basque residing in Madrid.( See for instance: ) In 1750 and 1753, he published two books that attempted to demonstrate how the structural unity of Greek tragedies has been used consistently by leading 16th-century writers. He was elected a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Saint Petersburg, Russia, on 29 October 1759 by the President of the academy, Kiril Razumoski, a powerful ancestor of one of Ludwig Van Beethoven's patrons, Prince Andrey Razumovsky. He maintained literary correspondence with Louis Racine, (Paris, 6 November 1692 – 29 January 1763), the second son of the important French dramatist Jean Racine (22 December 1639 – 21 April 1699), and with Jean Fitou du Tillet, an author of \"The French Parnasse\". Nota: Edición digital a partir de Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, tomo 34 (1899), pp. 351–361. Article in Spanish on Montiano y Luyando, Wikipedia . Agustín de Montiano y Luyando Agustín Gabriel de Montiano y Luyando (28 February 1697 – 1 November 1764) was a Spanish dramatist whose work is linked to Neoclassicism. He"
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"Yuanmiao Temple (Huizhou) Yuanmiao Temple () is a Taoist temple located in Huicheng District of Huizhou, Guangdong, China. It is the site of Huizhou Taoist Association. It is hailed as one of \"Three Largest Taoist Temples\" alongside Sanyuan Palace and Chongxu Temple (). Yuanmiao Temple was originally built in 633, under the Tang dynasty (618–907). It was renamed \"Chaoyuan Temple\" () and later \"Kaiyuan Temple\" () after enlarging in 748. The temple was restored in 1296 in the reign of Temür Khan in the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The temple was destroyed and rebuilt many times in the following Ming (1368–1644) and Qing dynasties (1644–1911). In 1942, the Hall of Three Purities, Hall of Jade Emperor and wing hall were completely destroyed during the Japanese invasion of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In 1966, Mao Zedong launched the ten-year Cultural Revolution, the Red Guards had attacked the temple, almost all of the scriptures, historical documents, and other works of art were either removed, damaged or destroyed in the massive socialist movement. After the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the policy of religious freedom was implemented. The temple was renovated and refurbished in 1982. That same year, it was officially reopened to the public. Under the support of locals, the Hall of Jade Emperor and Hall of Three Purities were added to the temple in 1989. Yuanmiao Temple was designated as a municipal-level cultural preservation unit in 1990. Now the existing main buildings include the Hall of Jade Emperor, Hall of Three Purities, Hall of Guanyin, Hall of Lord Guan, Bell tower, Drum tower, and Hall of Bao Zheng. Yuanmiao Temple (Huizhou) Yuanmiao Temple () is a Taoist temple located in Huicheng District of Huizhou, Guangdong, China. It is the site of Huizhou Taoist"
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