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"The present CJI is Justice Dipak Misra and is the 45th CJI since January 1950, the year the Constitution came into effect and the supreme court came into being. He succeeded Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar on 28 August 2017 and will remain in office till 2 October 2018, the day he retires on turning 65 years in age. \n A Judge of the Supreme Court shall not be removed from his office except by an order of the President passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting has been presented to the President in the same session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. \n Chief Justice of India \n--- \nEmblem of the Supreme Court of India \nIncumbent Justice Dipak Misra since 28 August 2017 \nSupreme Court \nAbbreviation | CJI \nSeat | New Delhi \nNominator | Collegium of the Supreme Court \nAppointer | President of India \nTerm length | till the age of 65 yrs \nConstituting instrument | Constitution of India (under Article 124) \nFormation | 1950; 68 years ago (1950) \nFirst holder | Justice H.J. Kania (26 January 1950–6 November 1951) \nSalary | ₹ 280,000 (US$4,200) (per month) \nWebsite | Supreme Court of India \n The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969 of India provides that the Chief Justice of India (CJI) shall act as the President of India in the event of the offices of both the President and the Vice President being vacant. When President Zakir Hussain died in office, the Vice President V.V. Giri, acted as the President. Later, Mr. Giri resigned as the Vice President. The CJI, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah then became the acting President of India. The senior-most judge of the Supreme Court became the acting CJI. When the newly elected President took office a month later, Justice Hidayatullah reverted as the Chief Justice of India \n As head of the supreme court, the chief justice is responsible for the allocation of cases and appointment of constitutional benches which deal with important matters of law. In accordance with Article 145 of the Constitution of India and the Supreme Court Rules of Procedure of 1966, the Chief Justice allocates all work to the other judges who are bound to refer the matter back to him or her (for re-allocation) in any case where they require it to be looked into by a larger bench of more judges. \n Article 124 of the Constitution of India provides for the manner of appointing judges to the Supreme Court. Though no specific provision exists in the Constitution for appointing the Chief Justice, who, as a result, is appointed like the other judges conventionally, the outgoing CJI recommends the name of the senior-most judge (i.e. by date of appointment to the Supreme Court) for appointment by the President of India, as his successor. \n The Chief Justice of India (CJI) is the head of the judiciary of India and the Supreme Court of India. The CJI also heads their administrative functions. \n It has been an unbroken convention for decades now, to appoint the senior-most judge of the supreme court as the CJI. \n The Constitution of India gives the power of deciding remuneration as well as other conditions of service of the Chief Justice to the Parliament of India. Accordingly, such provisions have been laid down in The Supreme Court Judges (Salaries and Conditions of Service) Act, 1958. This remuneration was revised in 2006-2008, after the sixth central pay commission's recommendation. \n Article 124 (4) of Constitution of India lays down the procedure for removal of a Judge of Supreme Court which is applicable to Chief Justice as well. Once appointed, the Chief Justice remains in the office until the age of 65 years. He can be removed only through a process of impeachment by Parliament as follows:\n This article is part of a series on \n--- \nJudiciary of India \nLaw of India \nAdministration (show) \n\n Ministry of Law and Justice \n\n Department of Legal Affairs \n Legislative Department \n Department of Justice \n Law Commission of India \nCivil courts (show) \n\n Supreme Court of India \n\n Chief Justice of India \n Judges of the supreme court \n High courts in India \n\n Chief justices of high courts in India \n Judges of high courts \n District courts/additional district judge's courts \n Civil judge (sr. division)'s courts \n Civil judge (jr. division)'s courts \nCriminal courts (show) \n\n Supreme Court of India \n\n Chief Justice of India \n Judges of the supreme court \n High courts in India \n\n Chief justices of high courts in India \n Judges of high courts \n Session courts/courts of additional sessions judge \n Courts of assistant sessions judges \n Chief judicial magistrates \n\n Additional chief judicial magistrates \n Chief metropolitan magistrates \n Judicial magistrate of first classs/metropolitan magistrates \n\n Special judicial magistrates \n Judicial magistrate of second classs \nCourts of executive magistrates (show) \n\n Divisional commissioners \n District magistrates \n Additional district magistrates \n Sub-divisional magistrates \n Special executive magistrates \nLegal profession (show) \n\n Bar Council \n Attorney General of India \n Solicitor General of India \n Additional solicitors general \n Advocates in India \n All India Bar Examination \nLegal education (show) \n\n Legal education in India \n\n Autonomous law schools in India \n List of law schools in India \n \n * * * \n\n On the administrative side, the Chief Justice carries out the following functions:maintenance of the roster; appointment of court officials and general and miscellaneous matters relating to the supervision and functioning of the Supreme Court."
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"WVAF WVAF is the only adult contemporary (AC)radio station in the Charleston, West Virginia, United States, market area. The station broadcasts at 99.9 MHz with an ERP of 24,500 watts. WVAF is ranked third in the Arbitron ratings for the Charleston Metropolitan Statistical Area market. The station is owned by the West Virginia Radio Corporation. WVAF's license was granted on December 24, 1963, but it did not signed on until February 1, 1965. V100 has broadcast the AC format for some time now, but was previously a rock station in 1977. It was also previously owned by Capital Broadcasting Corporation until it was sold to West Virginia Radio Corporation. In the late 1990s, V100 played songs from the 70s such as Elton John & Kiki Dee's \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\", Eagles' \"Hotel California\", Bee Gees \"Stayin' Alive\" and many more. By 2013, V100 dropped all 70's songs from their playlist and started to focus on more of a hot AC format without the hard rock or rap. It averages two or three songs from the 80s an hour, with mostly 90s, 2000s and current hits. \"The All 80's Request Cafe with Steve Bishop\" is broadcast on weekdays at noon and plays requests from 1980 to 1989. The \"John Tesh Radio Show\" is broadcast on weeknights from 12 am to 5:00 am and Saturday mornings from 6 am to 9 am. \"Backtrax USA\" with Kidd Kelly (the 80's and 90's versions) is broadcast from 8 pm to midnight on Saturdays, and Tom Kent's radio program \"Lovin Life Livin The '80s\" from 7 pm to midnight on Sundays. On Sunday, the station broadcasts \"Your Weekend With Jim Brickman\" from 10 am to 2 pm. This replaced the \"Dave Koz Show\" which featured smooth jazz from 10 am to 12 pm. WVAF"
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"1942 Big Ten Conference football season The 1942 Big Ten Conference football season was the 47th season of college football played by the member schools of the Big Ten Conference (also known as the Western Conference) and was a part of the 1942 college football season. The 1942 Ohio State Buckeyes football team, led by head coach Paul Brown, compiled a 9–1, led the Big Ten in scoring offense (33.7 points per game), won the conference championship, and was ranked No. 1 in the final AP Poll. The Buckeyes' only loss was by a 17–7 score against Wisconsin at Camp Randall Stadium. Tackle Charles Csuri received the team's most valuable player award. Halfback Les Horvath went on to win the 1943 Heisman Trophy. Wisconsin, under head coach Harry Stuhldreher, compiled an 8–1–1 record, led the conference in scoring defense (6.8 points per game allowed), and was ranked No. 3 in the final AP Poll. The Badgers played Notre Dame to a 7–7 and suffered its sole loss on the road against Iowa. End Dave Schreiner was a consensus first-team All-American and received the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the conference. Michigan, under head coach Fritz Crisler, compiled a 7–3 record and was ranked No. 9 in the final AP Poll. Two Michigan linemen, tackle Al Wistert and guard Julius Franks (Michigan's first African-American All-American), were selected as consensus first-team All-Americans. Key<br> PPG = Average of points scored per game<br> PAG = Average of points allowed per game</small><br> MVP = Most valuable player as voted by players on each team as part of the voting process to determine the winner of the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy During the 1942 season, the Big Ten maintained its long-standing ban on postseason games. Accordingly, no Big Ten teams participated in any bowl games. The following players were picked by the Associated Press (AP) and/or the United Press (UP) as first-team players on the 1942 All-Big Ten Conference football team. At the end of the 1942 season, Big Ten players secured five of the 12 consensus first-team picks for the 1942 College Football All-America Team. The Big Ten's consensus All-Americans were: Other Big Ten players who were named first-team All-Americans by at least one selector were: The following Big Ten players were selected in the first 10 rounds of the 1943 NFL Draft:<br> 1942 Big Ten Conference football"
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"HMS Wilton (M1116) HMS \"Wilton\" (M1116) was a prototype coastal minesweeper/minehunter for the Royal Navy. She was the first warship in the world to be constructed from glass-reinforced plastic (GRP). Her design was based upon the existing Ton class minesweepers, and she was fitted with equipment recovered from the scrapped HMS \"Derriton\". The use of GRP gave the vessel a low magnetic signature against the threat of magnetic mines. On commissioning, \"Wilton\" joined the 2nd Mine Counter Measures Squadron based at Portsmouth. In 1974, she took part in Operation Rheostat, the Royal Navy's part of the international efforts to clear the Suez Canal of mines. In November that year, \"Wilton\" rejoined 2nd MCMS, interrupting her service with that squadron to be seconded to STANAVFORCHAN, NATO's Standing Naval Force Channel in 1977 and 1980. \"Wilton\" was unofficially known as HMS \"Tupperware\", HMS \"Indestructible\", and \"The Plastic Duck\" or \"Plastic Pig\". She was retired by the Royal Navy in 1994; she ended up in store until being sold in August 2001, when she was fitted out as the new home of the Essex Yacht Club at Leigh-on-Sea on the Thames Estuary. HMS Wilton (M1116) HMS \"Wilton\" (M1116) was a prototype coastal minesweeper/minehunter"
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"1715 British general election The 1715 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 5th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. In October 1714, soon after George I had arrived in London after ascending to the throne, he dismissed the Tory cabinet and replaced it with one almost entirely composed of Whigs, as they were responsible for securing his succession. The election of 1715 saw the Whigs win an overwhelming majority in the House of Commons, and afterwards virtually all Tories in central or local government were purged, leading to a period of Whig ascendancy lasting almost fifty years during which Tories were almost entirely excluded from office. See British general election, 1796 for details. The constituencies used were the same throughout the existence of the Parliament of Great Britain. The general election was held between 22 January 1715 and 9 March 1715. At this period elections did not take place at the same time in every constituency. The returning officer in each county or parliamentary borough fixed the precise date (see hustings for details of the conduct of the elections). 1715 British general election The 1715 British general election returned members to serve in the House of Commons of the 5th Parliament of Great Britain to be held, after the merger of the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland in 1707. In October 1714, soon after George I had arrived in London after ascending to the throne, he dismissed the Tory cabinet and replaced it with one almost entirely composed of Whigs, as they were responsible for securing his succession. The election of 1715 saw the Whigs win an overwhelming majority in the House of"
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"Hitch-22 Hitch-22: A Memoir is a memoir written by author and journalist Christopher Hitchens. The book was published in May 2010 by Atlantic Books in the UK and June 2011 by Twelve, an imprint of Hachette Book Group USA, and was later nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award. The planned worldwide tour for the book was cut short later the same month during the American leg so that the author could begin treatment for newly diagnosed esophageal cancer. Through the book's publisher and in the magazine for which he was a regular contributing editor, \"Vanity Fair\", Hitchens announced: 'I regret having had to cancel so many engagements at such short notice.' Hitchens initially found the book hard to write: 'I found it fantastically difficult. Normally, when I'm writing, I'm making an argument, making a case. Also, when I'm writing, I'm trying to see how much I can pack into 5,000 words about a subject. But here's a subject I know too much about.' But he eventually produced a manuscript that was twice the length of the version finally published. Hitchens used his memoir to discuss several incidents that were later picked up by reviewers and the media as notable for their revelatory nature: as a contemporary at Oxford University of the then-student Bill Clinton (who later became the American President), he knew that Clinton's later avowal that 'I did not inhale' in regard to marijuana was based on Clinton's allergy to smoke; but Hitchens also states that Clinton's consumption was via 'cookies and brownies'; that during the writing of Martin Amis's novel, \"Money\", Hitchens and Amis visited a New York brothel so that Amis could research the experience; that during an encounter at a party with the then British Leader of the Opposition, Margaret Thatcher, she proceeded to 'spank Hitchens directly on the buttocks' and call him a 'Naughty boy!' The paperback edition of the book, published in 2011, featured a new foreword by Hitchens which mentions his newly diagnosed cancer: \"I suffer from Stage Four oesophageal cancer,\" he writes. \"There is no Stage Five.\" And \"I hope it will not seem presumptuous to assume that anybody likely to have got as far as acquiring this paperback edition of my memoir will know that it was written by someone who, without appreciating it at the time, had become seriously and perhaps mortally ill... When the book was published, I had just turned sixty-one. I am writing this at a moment when, according to my doctors, I cannot be certain of celebrating another birthday.\" Comments from critic Dwight Garner's article in \"The New York Times\" Book Review are quoted on the back cover. \"Electric and electrifying... He has a mind like a Swiss Army knife, ready to carve up or unbolt an opponent's arguments with a flick of the wrist.\" and \"It is a fascinating, funny, sad, incisive, and serious narrative...' by Alexander Waugh of \"The Spectator\". Hitch-22 Hitch-22: A Memoir is a memoir written by author and journalist"
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"Mikhail Badyuk Mikhail Badyuk was a Soviet aviator in the 9th Guards Mine Torpedo Aviation Regiment of the 5th Mine-Torpedo Air Division in the Northern Fleet’s aviation division during the Second World War. For his actions in the military, he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 22 February 1944. Badyuk was born on 3 January 1920 in the village of Chuguevka in the Far Eastern Primorsky Krai to a Russian peasant family. After enlisting in the military in 1939 he was assigned to an aviation unit in the Pacific Fleet before being transferred to the Northern Fleet in 1942. In the Second World War he first served in the 2nd Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment and later the 9th Guards Mine Torpedo Aviation Regiment. He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 22 February 1944, having carried out the tasks of a radio operator, gunner, and pilot throughout the war. After graduating from the Yeisk Military Aviation School in 1946 he was transferred to the Black Sea Fleet and served there until he was transferred to the 174th Guards Fighter Regiment of the Northern Fleet where he served from 1950 to 1951. He graduated from the Air Force Academy in 1955 and returned to the Arctic fleet as deputy chief of staff until he retired from the military in 1962 and remained in the reserve. After retiring he worked at the Institute of Agricultural Engineering in the city of Rostov-on-Don, where he passed away on 25 March 1993. Mikhail Badyuk Mikhail Badyuk was a Soviet aviator in the 9th Guards Mine Torpedo Aviation Regiment of the 5th Mine-Torpedo Air Division in the Northern Fleet’s aviation division during the Second World War. For his actions in the military, he was awarded the title Hero of"
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"Upon its 1944 release, Meet Me in St. Louis was a massive critical and commercial success. During its initial theatrical release, it earned a then-massive $5,016,000 in the US and Canada and $1,550,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $2,359,000. \n The backdrop for Meet Me in St. Louis is St. Louis, Missouri in the year leading up to the 1904 World's Fair. \n In 2005, Richard Schickel included the film on Time. com's ALL-TIME 100 best films, saying \"It had wonderful songs (and) a sweetly unneurotic performance by Judy Garland ... Despite its nostalgic charm, Minnelli infused the piece with a dreamy, occasionally surreal, darkness and it remains, for some of us, the greatest of American movie musicals.\" \n Mr. Smith later announces that the family will not leave St. Louis after all when he realizes how much the move will affect his family. Warren boldly declares his love for Rose, stating that they will marry at the first possible opportunity. \n Mr. Smith announces to the family that he is to be sent to New York City on business and they will all move after Christmas. The family is devastated and upset at the news of the move, especially Rose and Esther whose romances, friendships, and educational plans are threatened. Esther is also aghast because they will miss the World's Fair. \n Meet Me in St. Louis \n--- \nTheatrical poster \nDirected by | Vincente Minnelli \nProduced by | Arthur Freed \nScreenplay by | Irving Brecher Fred F. Finklehoffe \nBased on | Meet Me in St. Louis by Sally Benson \nStarring | Judy Garland Margaret O'Brien Mary Astor Lucille Bremer Tom Drake Marjorie Main \nCinematography | George J. Folsey \nEdited by | Albert Akst \nProduction company | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer \nDistributed by | Loew's, Inc. \nRelease date | \n\n * November 22, 1944 (1944-11-22) (St. Louis) \n * November 28, 1944 (1944-11-28) (New York) \n * * * \n \nRunning time | 113 minutes \nCountry | United States \nLanguage | English \nBudget | $1,885,000 \nBox office | $6,566,000 (original release) $12,800,000 \n Time called it \"one of the year's prettiest pictures\"; \"Technicolor has seldom been more affectionately used than in its registrations of the sober mahoganies and tender muslins and benign gaslights of the period. Now & then, too, the film gets well beyond the charm of mere tableau for short flights in the empyrean of genuine domestic poetry. These triumphs are creditable mainly to the intensity and grace of Margaret O'Brien and to the ability of director Minnelli & Co. to get the best out of her.\" O'Brien drew further praise from Time; \"(her) song and her cakewalk done in a nightgown at a grown-up party, are entrancing acts. Her self-terrified Halloween adventures richly set against firelight, dark streets, and the rusty confabulations of fallen leaves, bring this section of the film very near the first-rate.\" The film is a New York Times Critics' Pick:after seeing it at the Astor Theatre, Bosley Crowther called it \"a warm and beguiling picturization based on Sally Benson's memoirs of her folks.\" Crowther concludes:\"As a comparable screen companion to Life With Father, we would confidently predict that Meet Me in St. Louis has a future that is equally bright. In the words of one of the gentlemen, it is a ginger-peachy show.\" Writing in The New Yorker, Wolcott Gibbs praised the film as \"extremely attractive\" and called the dialogue \"funny in a sense rather rare in the movies,\" although he thought it was too long. \n Esther hopes to meet John again the following Friday on a trolley ride from the city to the construction site of the World Fair. Esther is sad when the trolley sets off without any sign of him, but cheers up when she sees him running to catch the trolley mid journey. \n Esther returns home to an upset Tootie. She is soothed by the poignant \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\". Tootie, however, becomes more upset at the prospect of the family's move and runs downstairs, out into the cold to destroy the snowmen they have made. Mr. Smith sees his daughter's upsetting outburst from an upstairs window. \n * Meet Me in St. Louis was remade in 1959 for television, starring Jane Powell, Jeanne Crain, Patty Duke, Walter Pidgeon, Ed Wynn, Tab Hunter and Myrna Loy. It was directed by George Schaefer from the original Brecher and Finklehoffe screenplay. \n * Meet Me in St. Louis was remade again for television in 1966. This was a non-musical version starring Shelley Fabares, Celeste Holm, Larry Merrill, Judy Land, Reta Shaw, Tammy Locke and Morgan Brittany. It was directed by Alan D. Courtney from a script written by Sally Benson herself. This was to be a pilot for a TV series, but no network picked it up. It was later included as a special feature on the 2 disc DVD set released in 2004. \n * A Broadway musical based on the film was produced in 1989, with additional songs. \n\n\n Meet Me in St. Louis is a 1944 American musical film made by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Divided into a series of seasonal vignettes, starting with Summer 1903, it relates the story of a year in the life of the Smith family in St. Louis, leading up to the opening of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition (more commonly referred to as the World's Fair) in the spring of 1904. The picture stars Judy Garland, Margaret O'Brien, Mary Astor, Lucille Bremer, Tom Drake, Leon Ames, Marjorie Main, June Lockhart, and Joan Carroll. \n On or after April 30, 1904, the family take two horse drawn buggies to the World's Fair. The film ends that night with the entire family (including John, Lucille, and Warren) overlooking the Grand Lagoon at the center of the World's Fair just as thousands of lights illuminate the grand pavilions. \n It is summer 1903. The Smith family leads a comfortable upper-middle class life. Alonzo Smith (Leon Ames) and his wife Anna (Mary Astor) have four daughters:Rose (Lucille Bremer), Esther (Judy Garland), Agnes (Joan Carroll), and Tootie (Margaret O'Brien); and a son, Lon Jr. (Henry H. Daniels, Jr.). Esther, the second eldest daughter, is in love with the boy next door, John Truett (Tom Drake), although he does not notice her at first. Rose is expecting a phone call during which she hopes to be proposed to by Warren Sheffield (Robert Sully), and is embarassed when not only does Warren fail to propose, but the entire family is present as she takes the call during dinner. \n Arthur Freed:\"Meet Me in St. Louis is my personal favourite. I got along wonderfully with Judy, but the only time we were ever on the outs was when we did this film. She didn't want to do the picture. Even her mother came to me about it. We bumped into some trouble with some opinions–Eddie Mannix, the studio manager, thought the Halloween sequence was wrong, but it was left in. There was a song that Rodgers and Hammerstein had written, called Boys and Girls Like You and Me, that Judy did wonderfully, but it slowed up the picture and it was cut out. After the preview of the completed film, Judy came over to me and said, \"Arthur remind me not to tell you what kind of pictures to make.\" (It) was the biggest grosser Metro had up to that time, except for Gone With the Wind.\" \n * The Family Stone (2005) shows two partial scenes from the movie; one where Esther and John dance, and another where Esther sings \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" to Tootie. \n * Deck the Halls (2006) shows Steve (Matthew Broderick) watching the scene where Esther sings \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" to Tootie and she bashes the snowmen. Steve is depressed that his family left him and watching this scene in the film makes him only more upset. \n * Sex and the City (2008) shows Carrie's (Sarah Jessica Parker) assistant, Louise from St. Louis, give her a DVD of the film as a Christmas gift, and later shows Carrie watching a bit of \"The Trolley Song\". The film is also divided into a series of seasonal vignettes following the same format as Meet Me in St. Louis.",
"Esther finally gets to meet John properly when he is a guest at the Smiths' house party, although her chances of romancing him don't go as planned when, after all the guests are gone and he is helping her turn off the gas lamps throughout the house, he tells her she uses the same perfume as his grandmother and that she has \"a mighty strong grip for a girl.\" \n * Judy Garland as Esther Smith \n * Margaret O'Brien as \"Tootie\" Smith \n * Mary Astor as Mrs. Anna Smith \n * Leon Ames as Mr. Alonzo Smith \n * Lucille Bremer as Rose Smith \n * Tom Drake as John Truett \n * Marjorie Main as Katie the maid \n * Harry Davenport as Grandpa \n * Henry H. Daniels Jr. as Alonzo \"Lon\" Smith Jr. \n * Joan Carroll as Agnes Smith \n * June Lockhart as Lucille Ballard \n * Robert Sully as Warren Sheffield \n * Hugh Marlowe as Colonel Darly \n * Chill Wills as Mr. Neely the iceman \n\n\n (Years after the movie's release, additional lyric changes were made for Frank Sinatra, who objected to the song's generally downbeat tone. The most notable changes included \"Next year\" becoming \"From now on\", \"Once again, as in olden days/Happy golden days of yore/Faithful friends that were dear to us/Will be near to us once more\" becoming \"Here we are, as in olden days/Happy golden days of yore/Faithful friends that are dear to us/Gather near to us once more\", and \"Someday soon we all will be together/If the fates allow/Until then we'll just have to muddle through somehow\" becoming \"Through the years we all will be together/If the fates allow/Hang a shining star upon the highest bough\". This revised version is the one now most commonly performed.) \n On Halloween, Tootie returns home injured, claiming that John Truett attacked her. Without bothering to investigate, Esther confronts John, physically attacking him and scolding him for being a \"bully.\" When Esther returns home, Tootie confesses that what really happened was that John was trying to protect Tootie and Agnes from the police after a dangerous prank they pulled went wrong. Upon learning the truth, Esther immediately dashes to John's house next door to apologize, and they share their first kiss. \n Garland debuted the standards \"The Trolley Song\", \"The Boy Next Door\", and \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\", all of which became hits after the film was released. Arthur Freed, the producer of the film, also wrote and performed one of the songs. \n The film was nominated for four Academy Awards:Best Writing, Adapted Screenplay, Best Cinematography, Color, Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture, and Best Music, Song (Ralph Blane and Hugh Martin for \"The Trolley Song\"). Margaret O'Brien received an Academy Juvenile Award for her work that year, in which she appeared in several movies along with Meet Me in St. Louis. \n The musical score for the film was adapted by Roger Edens, who also served as an uncredited associate producer. Georgie Stoll conducted the orchestrations of Conrad Salinger. Some of the songs in the film are from around the time of the St Louis Exposition. Others were written for the movie. \n Gerald Kaufman wrote a study of the film, with the same title, which was published by the British Film Institute in 1994. \n An elegant ball takes place on Christmas Eve. Esther is devastated when John can not take her as his date, due to his leaving his tuxedo at the tailor's and being unable to get it back. She is relieved, however, when her grandfather (Harry Davenport) offers to take her to the ball instead. At the ball, Esther and Rose plot to ruin the evening of Warren's date and Rose's rival Lucille Ballard (played by June Lockhart) by filling up her dance card with losers. But when Lucille turns out to be interested in Lon, leaving Rose and Warren together, Esther switches her dance card with Lucille's and instead dances in Lucille's place with the clumsy and awkward partners. After being rescued by Grandpa, Esther is overjoyed when John unexpectedly turns up after somehow managing to obtain a tuxedo, and the pair dance together for the rest of the evening. Later on, John proposes to Esther and she accepts, but their future is uncertain because she must still move to New York. \n In 1994, the film has been deemed \"culturally significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. \n The film currently holds a 100% \"Fresh\" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 30 critical reviews with an average score of 8.7/10. \n The late-19th century vintage carousel in this movie could be found at Bob-Lo Amusement Park in Amherstburg, Ontario until the park closed in September 1993. It was dismantled and sold to private collectors. \n Judy Garland pre-recording of \"Boys and Girls Like You and Me\" for this film survives today, but the film footage has been lost. \n * \"Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis\" Kerry Mills and Andrew B. Sterling, 1904 \n * \"The Boy Next Door\", Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane, 1944, performed by Judy Garland. \n * \"Skip to My Lou\", Traditional, with section sung to the tunes of \"Kingdom Coming\" and \"Yankee Doodle\" arranged by Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane, 1944 \n * \"I Was Drunk Last Night,\" performed by Margaret O'Brien. \n * \"Under the Bamboo Tree,\" Words and music by Robert Cole and The Johnson Bros., 1902, performed by Judy Garland and Margaret O'Brien. \n * \"Over the Banister,\" 19th-century melody adapted by Conrad Salinger, lyrics from the 1888 poem \"Over the Banisters\" by Ella Wheeler Wilcox, adapted by Roger Edens (1944), performed by Judy Garland. \n * \"The Trolley Song\", Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane, 1944, performed by Chorus and Judy Garland. \n * \"You and I,\" Nacio Herb Brown and Arthur Freed, sung by Arthur Freed and D. Markas, dubbing for Leon Ames and Mary Astor. \n * \"Goodbye, My Lady Love\", (Instrumental), Joseph E. Howard, 1904. \n * \"Little Brown Jug\", (Instrumental), Joseph Winner, 1869. \n * \"Down at the Old Bull and Bush,\" (Instrumental), Harry von Tilzer, 1903. \n * \"Home! Sweet Home!\", (Instrumental), Henry Bishop, 1823/1852. \n * \"Auld Lang Syne\", (Instrumental) \n * \"The First Noel\", (Instrumental) \n * \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\", Hugh Martin and Ralph Blane, 1944, performed by Judy Garland. The lyrics for \"Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas\" were originally different. The lyricist, Hugh Martin, wrote opening lyrics which were deemed too depressing by Judy Garland, Tom Drake, and Vincente Minnelli (They were:\"Have yourself a merry little Christmas/It may be your last/Next year we may all be living in the past\"), so Martin changed the lyrics. \n\n\n The American Film Institute ranked the film 10th on AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals; two songs from the film made AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Songs (\"The Trolley Song\" at #26 and \"Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas\" at #76). \n The film was adapted by Irving Brecher and Fred F. Finklehoffe from a series of short stories by Sally Benson, originally published in The New Yorker magazine under the title \"5135 Kensington\", and later in novel form as Meet Me in St. Louis. The film was directed by Vincente Minnelli, who met Garland on the set and later married her. It was the second-highest grossing picture of the year, only behind Going My Way. In 1994, the film has been deemed \"culturally significant\" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
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"Vinny Del Negro Vincent Joseph Del Negro (born August 9, 1966) is an American retired basketball player. He was the head coach of the National Basketball Association's Chicago Bulls from 2008 to 2010, and the Los Angeles Clippers from 2010 to 2013. Del Negro is currently an analyst with NBA TV. Del Negro was born on August 9, 1966, in Springfield, Massachusetts. His father, Vince, was a two-time junior college All-American, and taught his son to play basketball at a young age. Vinny made the varsity basketball team during his freshman year at Cathedral High School. He caught the attention of Dennis Kinne, the basketball coach at Suffield Academy, who persuaded him to attend Suffield Academy so that he could play basketball for them. Vinny led Suffield Academy to two New England championships. He scored 1,116 points, becoming Suffield Academy's all-time leading scorer. Del Negro played for Jim Valvano at North Carolina State University. As a senior, he was selected to the All-Atlantic Coast Conference team after averaging 15.9 points, 3.6 assists and 4.9 rebounds per game. In his junior season, Del Negro led the Wolfpack to the 1987 ACC Tournament championship and was named tournament MVP. Del Negro was selected by the Sacramento Kings with the 29th pick in the 1988 NBA draft. He would play two seasons there before leaving for Italy and Benetton Treviso for another two years (he won the Italian championship in 1992 with over 25 points per game). Upon his return to the NBA, Del Negro played for the San Antonio Spurs for the next six years. In early 1999 he played four games in Italy for Teamsystem Bologna, before signing with the Milwaukee Bucks, where he played in the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons. Del Negro was traded to the Golden State Warriors in a three-team deal that also involved the Cleveland Cavaliers in June 2000. In January 2001 he was traded to the Phoenix Suns, and was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers in a three-team deal with the Orlando Magic in November, although he would never play for them, and subsequently retired. Del Negro's career statistics included averaging 9.1 points, 2.3 rebounds, and 3.2 assists per game, while shooting 47.5% from the field and 84.0% from the free-throw line. Del Negro worked as a radio commentator for the Phoenix Suns before being promoted to director of player personnel for the Suns in 2006. In 2007, the Suns promoted him to the position of assistant general manager. On June 9, 2008, multiple media reports indicated Del Negro had agreed to become the new head coach of the Chicago Bulls. He became the favorite for the job after former Bulls' coach Doug Collins withdrew his name from consideration. Two days later, Del Negro was officially introduced as the new head coach of the Bulls, replacing Jim Boylan and becoming the 17th head coach in Bulls' history. Del Negro finished his first season as head coach of the Chicago Bulls with a 41–41 record, sufficient for the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference. The Bulls played a seven-game series against the Boston Celtics, featuring four overtime games with a total of a record seven overtime periods, before losing. Del Negro finished his second season as head coach of the Chicago Bulls with a 41–41 record, sufficient for the eighth seed in the Eastern Conference. The Bulls lost the best of seven series in five games against the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Bulls announced Del Negro's dismissal on May 4, 2010. On July 6, 2010, multiple league sources confirmed that Del Negro would become the next head coach of the Los Angeles Clippers. At the end of Del Negro's first season with the Clippers, the Clippers finished with a record of 32–50, missing the playoffs. Despite missing the playoffs, the Clippers did have the NBA Rookie of the Year, Blake Griffin. Del Negro and Clippers followed up this mediocre season by acquiring All-Star point guard Chris Paul and finishing fifth in the Western Conference with a record of 40–26, one game shy of the division leading Los Angeles Lakers. The Clippers advanced to the second round of the playoffs for only the second time since they moved to Los Angeles in 1984. A year later, Del Negro led the Clippers to the best season in the franchise's 43-year history. The Clippers notched a franchise-record 17-game winning streak, including a perfect 16–0 mark in December. They won a franchise-record 56 games, their first 50-win season ever, as well as their first Pacific Division title. The title was clinched after defeating the Lakers on April 7, which also completed a season sweep of their crosstown rivals, 4–0. The franchise had not swept the Lakers since 1974–75, when the Clippers were the Buffalo Braves. It was also the first time in 20 years since 1992–93 that the Clippers won the season series against the Lakers. However, the Clippers lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Memphis Grizzlies, 4–2, after winning the first two games. On May 21, 2013, it was announced that the Clippers would not renew Del Negro's contract after its expiration at the end of June. At times during the season, he was criticized for his player rotations. Del Negro had a 128–102 regular-season record in three seasons with the club, and his .557 winning percentage was the highest in club history. He was only the second coach to leave the Clippers with a winning record. However, much of the club's success was credited to Paul and Griffin. According to Yahoo! Sports and CBSSports.com, Paul, who was scheduled to become a free agent in the offseason, did not support Del Negro's return. Del Negro felt that Paul had \"a lot of say-so\" in the team's decisions, and Clippers owner Donald Sterling said he needed to be supportive of the team's star players. Paul was upset that he was being blamed, and the Clippers later denied any player involvement in the coaching decision. Del Negro is of Italian ancestry. His father, Vince, played basketball at the University of Kentucky under legendary coach Adolph Rupp. Vinny Del Negro Vincent Joseph Del Negro (born August 9, 1966) is an American retired basketball player. He was the head coach of the National Basketball Association's Chicago Bulls from 2008 to 2010, and the Los Angeles Clippers from 2010 to 2013. Del Negro is currently an analyst with NBA TV. Del Negro was born on August 9, 1966, in Springfield, Massachusetts. His father, Vince, was a two-time junior college All-American, and taught his son to play basketball at a young age."
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"Mumbai Tigers F.C. Mumbai Tigers Football Club was an Indian football club was located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The club were formed in May 2012 as \"Dodsal Football Club\" with the aim of becoming the biggest football club in India and one of the biggest in Asia. Towards the end of May 2012 it was announced that Indian owned company Dodsal Group wanted to start a football club in the city of Mumbai and name it Dodsal Football Club. The club registered with the Mumbai District Football Association and quickly outlined that their main goal would be to qualify for the I-League, which is India's top football competition, by 2013. The club is supposed to be run in the same way Manchester City F.C. of the Premier League is run, as company chairman Rajen Kilachand is in touch with City owner Sheikh Mansour. On 18 August 2012 it was announced that Dodsal would play in the 2012 Durand Cup and thus their first ever professional tournament at the national stage. The club played their first ever official game on 25 August 2012 against Army Red at the Ambedkar Stadium in Delhi in which the club won the match 3–0 with Thoi Singh becoming the first player to ever score for the club in the 66th minute. The club then went on to the 2012 Durand Cup Final in which they lost 3–2 on penalties to then-current I-League club Air India FC. Then in January 2013 it was officially announced that the club would participate in the 2013 I-League 2nd Division with the goal of winning and gaining promotion to the I-League and while doing so the club also changed their name to the Mumbai Tigers Football Club so they could potentially form a connection between them and the city of Mumbai. Tigers have got a direct entry in i-league after having bid for it The club do not have an official stadium yet as the Mumbai Football League and the Durand Cup are played at neutral venues but the club has already set up a training ground at the Fr. Angel High School sports complex. The Sports Complex is well known for its artificial turf field. The Sports Complex is also known for its fitness gym and swimming pool. Mumbai Tigers F.C. Mumbai Tigers Football Club was an Indian football club was located in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The club were formed in"
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"Concealed Enemies Concealed Enemies is a 1984 American PBS docudrama, produced by WGBH-TV in Boston, about the events leading to the arrest, conviction and imprisonment of former U.S. State Department official Alger Hiss. Directed by Jeff Bleckner, written by Hugh Whitemore and starring Edward Herrmann as Hiss, John Harkins as Whittaker Chambers and Peter Riegert as Richard Nixon, the two-part miniseries won the 1984 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series. (The title comes from August 25, 1948, known as \"Confrontation Day,\" during which Whittaker Chambers stated: The story has spread that in testifying against Mr. Hiss I am working out some old grudge, or motives of revenge or hatred. I do not hate Mr. Hiss. We were close friends, but we are caught in a tragedy of history. Mr. Hiss represents the concealed enemy against which we are all fighting, and I am fighting. I have testified against him with remorse and pity, but in a moment of history in which this Nation now stands, so help me God, I could not do otherwise. Concealed Enemies Concealed Enemies is a 1984 American PBS docudrama, produced by WGBH-TV in Boston, about the events leading to the arrest, conviction and imprisonment"
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"Arthur Henry Winnington Williams Arthur Henry Winnington Williams, Sr. OD (August 17, 1913–June 15, 2012) was a Jamaican parliamentarian. He was born in Santa Cruz, a town in Jamaica's Saint Elizabeth Parish and graduated from Mico Teachers’ College in 1934. He taught for several years and then worked as a political organiser for the Farmers' Party in the 1950s before returning to teaching. In 1967, Williams was elected to the Parliament of Jamaica as an MP for the Jamaica Labour Party and represented South Manchester almost continuously until 1983. He served at various times as Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Education, and acting Minister of Education. In 2000, he was awarded the Order of Distinction by the Government of Jamaica. His son, Arthur Henry Winnington Williams, Jr., sits in the Jamaican Senate. Arthur Henry Winnington Williams Arthur Henry Winnington Williams, Sr. OD (August 17, 1913–June 15, 2012) was a Jamaican parliamentarian. He was born in Santa Cruz, a town in Jamaica's Saint Elizabeth Parish and graduated from Mico Teachers’ College in 1934. He taught for several years and then worked as a political organiser for the Farmers' Party in the 1950s before"
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"Lebanon at the 1955 Mediterranean Games 34 male athletes (48 in 1951) represented Lebanon at the second Mediterranean games, held in Barcelona-Spain from July 16 to 25, 1955. In these games, Lebanon got his first gold medal thanks to Moustafa Laham, although the total medal count decreased from 19 to 6. Lifting 380 kg, Moustafa Laham improved on his 362.5 kg silver performance of 1951. Salim Moussa's 262.5 kg lift, although better than his 247.5 kg in 1951, only got him a second bronze. In wrestling, Zakaria Chehab got a silver medal after a bronze in 1951, while Elie Naasan got a second bronze. No boxing or shooting medals were won by Lebanon this time (5 in 1951), and no free wrestling competitions were held at these games (4 medals for Lebanon in 1951). Lebanon at the 1955 Mediterranean Games 34 male athletes (48 in 1951) represented Lebanon at the second Mediterranean games, held in Barcelona-Spain from July 16 to 25, 1955. In these games, Lebanon got his first gold medal thanks to Moustafa Laham, although the total medal count decreased from 19 to 6. Lifting 380 kg, Moustafa Laham improved on his 362.5 kg silver performance of 1951. Salim"
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"Principle of individuation The principle of individuation is a criterion that individuates or numerically distinguishes the members of the kind for which it is given, that is by which we can supposedly determine, regarding any kind of thing, when we have more than one of them or not. It is also known as a 'criterion of identity' or 'indiscernibility principle'. The history of the consideration of such a principle begins with Aristotle. It was much discussed by the medieval philosopher Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308) with his \"haecceity\" and later, during Renaissance, by Francisco Suárez (1548–1617), Bonaventure Baron (1610–1696) and Leibniz (1646–1716). Taking issue with the view expressed in certain Platonic dialogues that universal Forms (such as the Good, the Just, the Triangular and so on) constitute reality, Aristotle (384–322 BC) regarded an individual as something real in itself. An individual therefore has two kinds of unity: specific and numerical. Specific unity (that is unity of the species to which an individual belongs) is a unity of nature which the individual shares with other individuals. For example, twin daughters are both human females, and share a unity of nature. This specific unity, according to Aristotle, is derived from Form, for it is form (which the medieval philosophers called quiddity) which makes an individual substance the kind of thing it is. But two individuals (such as the twins) can share exactly the same form, yet not be one in number. What is the principle by which two individuals differ in number alone? This cannot be a common property. As Bonaventure later argued, there is no form of which we cannot imagine a similar one, thus there can be 'identical' twins, triplets, quadruplets and so on. For any such form would then be common to several things, and therefore not an individual at all. What is the criterion for a thing being an individual? In a passage much-quoted by the medievals, Aristotle attributes the cause of individuation to matter: The late Roman philosopher Boethius (480–524) touches upon the subject in his Isagoge, where he says that things which are individuals and are discrete only in number, differ only by accidental properties. The Persian philosopher Avicenna (980-1037) first introduced a term which was later translated into Latin as \"signatum\", meaning 'determinate individual'. Avicenna argues that a nature is not of itself individual, the relation between it and individuality is an accidental one, and we must look for its source not in its essence, but among accidental attributes such as quantity, quality, space and time. However, he did not work out any definite or detailed theory of individuation. His successor Averroes (1126–1198) argued that matter is numerically one, since it is undetermined in itself and has no definite boundaries. However, since it is divisible, this must be caused by quantity, and matter must therefore have the potential for determination in three dimensions (in the same way a rough and unhewn lump of marble has the potential to be sculpted into a statue). The theories of Averroes and Avicenna had a great influence on the later theory of Thomas Aquinas (1224–1274). Aquinas never doubted the Aristotelian theory of individuation by matter, but was uncertain which of the theories of Avicenna or Averroes are correct. He first accepted the theory of Avicenna that the principle of individuation is matter designated (\"signata\") by determinate dimensions, but later abandoned this in favour of the Averroist theory that it is matter affected by unterminated dimension which is the principle. Later still, he seems to have returned to the first theory when he wrote the \"Quodlibeta\". Giles of Rome (1243–1316) believed that individuation happens by the quantity in the matter. Duns Scotus held that individuation comes from the numerical determination of form and matter whereby they become \"this\" form and \"this\" matter. Individuation is distinguished from a nature by means of a formal distinction on the side of the thing. Later followers of Scotus called this principle haecceity or 'thisness'. The nominalist philosopher William of Ockham (1287–1347) regarded the principle as unnecessary and indeed meaningless, since there are no realities independent of individual things. An individual is distinct of itself, not multiplied in a species, since species are not real (they correspond only to concepts in our mind). His contemporary Durandus held that individuation comes about through actual existence. Thus the common nature and the individual nature differ only as one conceived and one existing. The late scholastic philosopher Francisco Suárez held, in opposition to Scotus, that the principle of individuation can only be logically distinguished from the individual being. Every being, even an incomplete one, is individual of itself, by reason of its being a thing. Suárez maintained that, although the humanity of Socrates does not differ from that of Plato, yet they do not constitute \"in reality\" one and the same humanity; there are as many \"formal unities\" (in this case, humanities) as there are individuals, and these individuals do not constitute a factual, but only an essential or ideal unity. The formal unity, however, is not an arbitrary creation of the mind, but exists in the nature of the thing before any operation of the understanding. Principle of individuation The principle of individuation is a criterion that individuates or numerically distinguishes the members of the kind for which it is given, that is by which we can supposedly determine, regarding any kind of thing, when we have more"
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"Vista Ridge High School (Colorado Springs) Vista Ridge High School is a secondary school located in east Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. The school has a population of approximately 1,700 students, and attracts enrollment from District 49. The school's Wolfpack Theatre Company, founded in 2010, has produced high quality productions such as \"The Crucible\", \"Working\", \"Aftermath\", \"Fine Dining\", \"The Outsiders\", \"Crimes of the Heart\", \"How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying\", \"Oklahoma!\", \"Harvey\", \"Damn Yankees\", \"13 Past Midnight\", and \"The Wedding Singer\". In 2015 the Wolfpack Theatre Company became a charter member of the International Thespian Society, as Troupe #8054. Vista Ridge sports include football, cross country, volleyball, soccer, basketball, wrestling, soccer, track and golf. The Vista Ridge High School Student Council plans social and leadership events around the school. Vista Ridge High School (Colorado Springs) Vista Ridge High School is a secondary school located in east Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States. The school has a population of approximately 1,700 students, and attracts enrollment from District 49. The school's Wolfpack Theatre Company, founded in 2010, has produced high quality productions such as \"The Crucible\", \"Working\", \"Aftermath\", \"Fine Dining\", \"The Outsiders\", \"Crimes of the Heart\", \"How to Succeed in Business"
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"High Street drill hall, Dunkeld The High Street drill hall was a military installation in Dunkeld. The building was created by the conversion of an early Victorian house for use as the headquarters of the Scottish Horse in around 1900. The regiment was mobilised at the drill hall in August 1914 before deployed to Gallipoli. In 1940, during the Second World War, the Scottish Horse Regiment was split to become the 79th (The Scottish Horse) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery and the 80th (The Scottish Horse) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery. In 1947, the Scottish Horse rejoined the Territorial Army list with its HQ back at Dunkeld. In 1956, an amalgamation was announced with the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry and, on 31 October 1956, the Scottish Horse became part of a new regiment known as the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse with its headquarters at Yeomanry House in Cupar. The drill hall in Dunkeld continues to be used as training centre. High Street drill hall, Dunkeld The High Street drill hall was a military installation in Dunkeld. The building was created by the conversion of an early Victorian house for use as the headquarters of the Scottish Horse in around 1900. The"
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"Raymond Elmer Anderson Raymond Elmer Anderson (July 7, 1891 – August 6, 1970) was a Canadian politician elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1949 and 1953 as a member of the Liberal Party representing the riding of Norfolk. Anderson served as a member of parliament for 12 years. Anderson also ran as an independent for Norfolk in the elections of 1957 and 1958. Prior to his federal political career, he was elected as a councillor to Norfolk County, Ontario in 1930 and became reeve for Townsend Township, Ontario in 1932. Anderson also served as the Chairman of the Ontario Berry and Vegetable Growers Marketing Board and was a founding member and manager of the Norfolk Berry Growers Association. Anderson was the son of John Anderson II and Rhoda Churchill, also of Norfolk County and were United Empire Loyalists. Raymond Elmer Anderson Raymond Elmer Anderson (July 7, 1891 – August 6, 1970) was a Canadian politician elected to the House of Commons of Canada in 1949 and 1953 as a member of the Liberal Party representing the riding of Norfolk. Anderson served as a member of parliament for 12 years. Anderson also ran as an independent for Norfolk"
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"Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC) Herod the Great's Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC) was the final step in his campaign to secure the throne of Judea. Aided by Roman forces provided by Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Herod was able to capture the city and depose Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmonean rule. The siege appears in the writings of Josephus and Dio Cassius. In 63 BC, following his victory in the Third Mithridatic War, Pompey the Great intervened in a civil war in the Hasmonean Kingdom between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, conquered Judea and appointed Hyrcanus High Priest. Under Hyrcanus, real power rested with his chief minister, Antipater the Idumaean. In 49 BC Antipater prompted Hyrcanus to side with Julius Caesar during Caesar's Civil War. Following his victory, Caesar bestowed the title of \"ethnarch\" on Hyrcanus and \"epitropos\" (or Procurator) on Antipater. A few years later, Antipater appointed his sons Phasael and Herod military governors of Jerusalem and the Galilee respectively. After the Roman civil war following the murder of Julius Caesar, Hyrcanus and Antipater became clients of Mark Antony, who now ruled the Roman east. In 40 BC, Antigonus II Mattathias, son of Hasmonean Aristobulus II, offered money to the Parthian army to help him recapture the Hasmonean realm. The Parthians invaded Roman Syria, took Judea, captured Hyrcanus and Phasael and installed Antigonus II on the Judean throne. Hyrcanus was mutilated, and Phasael committed suicide rather than fall into the hands of Antigonus II. Herod and his family were besieged at Masada, but Herod escaped to Petra. When he received no help from the Nabataeans, Herod made his way to Rome. Supported by Antony, he was proclaimed \"King of the Jews\" by the Roman Senate and returned to Judea to claim the throne. Between 39–38 BC, the Roman general Publius Ventidius Bassus defeated the Parthian army, sending troops under the command of Poppaedius Silo to await the arrival of Herod. Herod landed at Ptolemais and began his campaign against Antigonus with the conquest of the Galilee, marched down the coast to take Jaffa and then relieved Masada, where his family was still holed up. He then marched on Jerusalem, hoping to capture the city and bring a swift end to the war. Faced with corruption among his Roman officers, mutinous Roman troops and Antigonus' guerrillas, however, Herod was forced to abandon his siege of Jerusalem. He operated in Judea, Samaria and the Galilee instead, fighting against both insurgents and bandits, while sending his brother Joseph to deal with Idumaea. By late 38 BC, reinforced by several Roman legions and having fought two years of counter-insurgency, Herod was finally able to pacify the Galilee and march south towards Jerusalem. Antigonus attempted to face Herod in a pitched battle, striking against both Jericho and Samaria, but both efforts were defeated. Herod once again pitched camp outside Jerusalem, though the onset of winter brought military operations to a halt. Herod had pitched his camp north of the Temple, near a saddle allowing access to the city walls, the same location chosen by Pompey 26 years earlier. According to Josephus, Herod had 30,000 men under his command, though a modern estimate puts the number at about half of that. These were reinforced by several Roman legions, 6,000 cavalry and Syrian auxiliaries sent by Antony and led by Gaius Sosius. With the coming of spring, Herod began executing his siege with vigour. His engineers followed Roman practices, erecting a wall of circumvallation and guard towers, cutting down the trees surrounding the city, and employing siege engines and artillery. The besieged suffered from lack of provisions, compounded by a famine brought about by the sabbatical year, but were nevertheless able to put up an effective defense. They sallied from the walls, ambushing the besieging troops and hindering Herod's attempts to raise ramparts, and fought Roman efforts to mine under the walls with counter-mining. After forty days, Herod's forces breached what Josephus calls \"the north wall\", apparently Jerusalem's second wall. The first wall fell 15 days later, and soon the outer court of the Temple fell as well, during which its outer porticoes were burnt down, apparently by Antigonus' supporters. While Antigonus shut himself up in citadel known as the Baris, the defenders were left holding the Temple's inner court and Jerusalem's upper city (southwestern quarter of the city). These now appealed to Herod to permit the passage of animals and other offerings into the temple for the sacrifices to continue. During the siege Antigonus had used Herod's lack of pedigree as propaganda, calling him a \"commoner and an Idumaean, that is a half-Jew\", publicly questioning Herod's right to the throne. Herod, fearful for his legitimacy and popularity, therefore complied with the requests. Further negotiations, however, proved fruitless and Herod's forces assaulted the city. Having taken Jerusalem by storm and despite Herod's pleas for restraint, the troops now acted without mercy, pillaging and killing all in their path, prompting Herod to complain to Mark Antony. Herod also attempted to prevent Roman soldiers from desecrating the temple's inner sanctuary, eventually bribing Sosius and his troops in order that they do not leave him \"king of a desert\". Antigonus surrendered to Sosius, and was sent to Antony for the triumphal procession in Rome. Herod, however, fearing that Antigonus would also win backing in Rome, bribed Antony to execute Antigonus. Antony, who recognized that Antigonus would remain a permanent threat to Herod, had the Hasmonean beheaded in Antioch, the first time the Romans had executed a subjugated king. Herod also had 45 leading men of Antigonus' party executed. With the fall of Jerusalem, Herod's conquest of the kingdom was complete. After consolidating his rule, he began systematically exterminating the Hasmonean line, which he perceived as a direct threat to his reign. Hyrcanus II, the last major scion of the Hasmoneans, was executed in 30 BC. Herod would rule the Herodian kingdom until his death in 4 BC, an ever-faithful client king of Rome. Herod's siege of Jerusalem may have inspired Psalm of Solomon 17, the earliest text expressing the expectation of a Davidic messiah. The first portion of the psalm condemns the illegitimate Jewish sinners who had usurped the throne in violation of the Davidic covenant, God's promise to establish the Davidic dynasty as the eternal rulers of Israel. These sinners are then overthrown by a foreign ruler and their line extinguished. Scholarship has since identified the sinners with the Hasmonean dynasty, but the foreign ruler has traditionally been identified as Pompey the Great. An alternate reading, noting that Pompey did not in fact kill off the last of the Hasmoneans but rather reinstated their rule, suggests that the events of Psalm 17 describe Herod, his conquest of Jerusalem and the subsequent eradication of the Hasmonean line. Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC) Herod the Great's Siege of Jerusalem (37 BC) was the final step in his campaign to secure the throne of Judea. Aided by Roman forces provided by Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony), Herod was able to capture the city and depose Antigonus II Mattathias, ending Hasmonean rule. The siege appears in the writings of Josephus and Dio Cassius. In 63 BC, following his victory in the Third Mithridatic"
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"HPTi High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) was an IT consulting firm based in Reston, Virginia. Founded in 1991, the company is notable for several high-profile solutions for the federal government. For instance, the company developed a Linux-based supercomputer for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that ranked as the 8th fastest supercomputer in the world in 2002. HPTi also developed the Secure Payment System for the Department of the Treasury - a system that processes payments totaling $1.5 trillion annually. HPTi was recently in the news for winning the American Business Award for Best Executive (Computer Hardware or Services in 2007), Best Technical Professional (2008 and 2009), Best Support Staffer (2007) and Best Overall Company (2009). HPTi was wholly acquired by Dynamics Research Corporation in June, 2011. HPTi was the prime contractor on the Department of Defense's (DoD) premier applied research contracts—the User Productivity Enhancement, Technology Transfer and Training (PETTT) contract for the DoD's High Performance Computing Modernization Office (HPCMO). HPTi collaborates with government labs and coordinates research universities and private companies of the PETTT team to produce meaningful and timely science and engineering solutions for America's warfighters. The team includes Texas Advanced Computing Center, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and 19 other university and industry partners. The contract's objectives include collaboration, HPC tool development, and enhanced productivity. In 2009, HPTi was awarded the Medallion of Excellence by the Senate Productivity and Quality Award for Virginia. The process award recognizes companies with mature, well-deployed, and successful business processes and procedures. HPTi was awarded the Plaque for Progress in Performance Excellence for three years before obtaining the program's highest honor. The program emulates the Baldrige Award - the U.S. presidential award for performance excellence. The company was named as the recipient of the American Business Ethics Award in 2009 (mid-sized company). HPTi had relationships with the technology departments of several universities. They host an annual algorithm competition at James Madison University. They also run a problem solving competition at Penn State University. A site for the competitions exists at https://web.archive.org/web/20110208104650/http://hptichallenge.com/ HPTi High Performance Technologies, Inc. (HPTi) was an IT consulting firm based in Reston, Virginia. Founded in 1991, the company is notable for several high-profile solutions for the federal government. For instance, the company developed a Linux-based supercomputer for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that ranked as the 8th fastest supercomputer in the world in 2002. HPTi also developed the"
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"San Michele Abbey, Monticchio The Abbey of San Michele is a Benedictine Abbey located at the foot of Monte Vulture, on the eastern flank of the Lago di Monticchio Piccolo in Monticchio in the region of Basilicata, Italy. The abbey was founded in the 10th century at the site of grottoes carved into a rock cliff. There is evidence of worship at the site from the 3rd to 4th century of the modern era. Veneration of St Michael Archangel was developed by the Italian-Greek monks at the site, who were then replaced by Benedictines, who erected the abbey, then abandoned it in 1456. it was occupied by the Capuchin friars. An 18th-century church was built at the site near the rock-cut chapel of San Michele. San Michele Abbey, Monticchio The Abbey of San Michele is a Benedictine Abbey located at the foot of Monte Vulture, on the eastern flank of the Lago di Monticchio Piccolo in Monticchio in the region of Basilicata, Italy. The abbey was founded in the 10th century at the site of grottoes carved into a rock cliff. There is evidence of worship at the site from the 3rd to 4th century of the modern era. Veneration"
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"Short Knuckleduster The Short R.24/31 (or Short S.18 and nicknamed the \"Knuckleduster\") was a British twin-engined, high-wing cantilever gull winged monoplane flying-boat designed and built by Short to Air Ministry specification R.24/31 for a \"General Purpose Open Sea Patrol Flying Boat\". The contract also specified the use of the experimental Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine. The Saunders-Roe London and the Supermarine Stranraer competed successfully for this contract. Although it never saw military service, the Knuckleduster provided useful information on the steam-cooling of engines and the handling of monoplane flying-boats; much experimental data gathered contributed to the design of the successful Empire and Short Sunderland aircraft. The British Air Ministry issued its Specification R.24/31 for a \"General Purpose Open Sea Patrol Flying Boat\" in 1931 and ordered one prototype from each of Saunders-Roe, Supermarine and Shorts. Whereas the other two companies opted for traditional biplane designs, Shorts decided to produce a more modern, all-metal monoplane aircraft with the experimental steam-cooled, cast block Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine, itself a development of the smaller Kestrel engine. The Knuckleduster's straight-sided hull was of all-metal (Alclad) box-section construction, from the bow as far as the pointed main step at the rear of the planing bottom; aft of the main step the fuselage was of monocoque construction. The central section of the hull was boxed and braced by diagonal frames to bear the loads from the wing-root attachments. The wing sections inboard of the engines were attached at a 30° dihedral angle, thus providing sufficient clearance for the airscrews from water-spray during takeoff. The wings were designed for high torsional stiffness, each comprising a box-spar with four tapered stainless steel tubular booms. Fuel tanks were mounted within the wings; sprung and braced wingtip floats were fitted. The wing surfaces were of fabric. The experimental 720 hp Rolls-Royce Goshawk steam-cooled engine was specified for the \"Knuckleduster,\" which led to many problems due to the engine's unreliability. The engines, with conspicuous condensers protruding vertically from the nacelles, were mounted at the \"knuckle\" between the dihedral inner and the horizontal outer wing sections. The tail unit comprised a horizontal plane braced by struts with two vertical fins and rudders, also supported by diagonal bracing to the fuselage. As a result of early test results, fin area was increased; a major redesign of the tail unit was requested by John Parker and implemented at considerable cost. In addition to the enclosed cockpit in which the pilot and the navigator sat side by side, there was a gunner's cockpit in the bow, stations for the engineer and radio operator and a navigator station with a chart-table, sighting ports and two folding bunks. A third folding bunk and two fixed bunks were mounted in the crew's living quarters, which also included a galley and, further aft, stowage space for drogues and a lavatory. Further armament was provided by a midships gun mounting and a rear gunner's cockpit in the tail; bombs could be mounted in underwing bomb racks and there was also provision for a torpedo to be transported (but not launched). All guns mountings carried a single Lewis Gun. First launched the previous day, the first flight of the prosaically named R.24/31 (serial \"K3574\") took place on 30 November 1933, piloted by Shorts' Chief Test Pilot John Lankester Parker and crewed by George Cotton and W. Howard Bell. Parker noted that the fins were flexing so he landed immediately. After the fins had stiffening added, the aircraft flew again successfully on 15 December. Other problems found during testing were that the boat could not be trimmed straight and level: the fin area was increased by 18% and the tail was re-designed, including fitting a cupola over the tail gun position. On 12 June 1934, at the conclusion of test flying, the Knuckleduster was flown to Felixstowe for official trials with the Marine Aircraft Experimental Establishment (MAEE). The aircraft was judged not to meet the specification, particularly regarding top speed and range, even though these were not a priority in the specification. In October 1934 the boat was returned to Rochester for repair following an accident - a collision with another flying-boat. It was repaired and several modification incorporated before it returned to Felixstowe in March 1935. In April the Knuckleduster joined 209 Squadron at RAF Mount Batten, Plymouth for service trials alongside the Stranraer and London. This included an appearance at the Royal Air Force display at Hendon. It was returned to the MAEE in October 1935. Despite suffering engine problems, it continued to carry out trial flights until September 1938, when it was retired from flying duties and assigned to No. 2 School of Technical Training at RAF Cosford for instructional purposes. Although it was not ordered into production - mainly hindered by the unreliable engines - a new Air Ministry Specification R.2/33 was released before it flew, which would lead to the Short Sunderland. The Sunderland was another large monoplane flying-boat that had benefited from the work on the R.24/31. Short Knuckleduster The Short R.24/31 (or Short S.18 and nicknamed the \"Knuckleduster\") was a British twin-engined, high-wing cantilever gull winged monoplane flying-boat designed and built by Short to Air Ministry specification R.24/31 for a \"General Purpose Open Sea Patrol Flying Boat\". The contract also specified the use of the experimental Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine. The Saunders-Roe London and the Supermarine Stranraer competed successfully for this contract. Although it never saw military service, the"
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"Museo de Escultura al Aire Libre de Alcalá de Henares The Museum of Outdoor Sculpture of Alcala de Henares (\"Museo de Escultura al Aire Libre de Alcalá de Henares\") is a permanent exhibition of contemporary art in public Alcalá de Henares (Madrid - Spain), opened in 1993 and organized by the sculptor José Noja. The museum was started in 1991 by sculptor José Noja inaugurated in August 1993. The collection consists of 58 sculptures both figurative and abstract art, modern and contemporary works mainly Spanish artists, as well as Americans and Europeans. The sculptures are arranged in two urban sections: along the Complutense Avenue (\"Vía Complutense\") and bordering the old city walls. This makes it the longest in its class of all Europe, with more than two kilometers long. There are interesting statues of important artists such as Amadeo Gabino, José Lamiel, Pablo Serrano or Úrculo, among others. The collection includes works by the following sculptors: Museo de Escultura al Aire Libre de Alcalá de Henares The Museum of Outdoor Sculpture of Alcala de Henares (\"Museo de Escultura al Aire Libre de Alcalá de Henares\") is a permanent exhibition of contemporary art in public Alcalá de Henares (Madrid - Spain),"
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"Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way is a book by author and actor Bruce Campbell. The novel is written in the first person and involves real life celebrities such as Richard Gere, Renée Zellweger and Mike Nichols; however, it is fiction. On the jacket of \"Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way\" the author states, quote: Is it an \"autobiographical novel\"? Yes. I'm the lead character in the story, and I'm a real person, and everything in the book actually happened, except for the stuff that didn't. It was first published on May 26, 2005 and is a satire of celebrity memoirs. \"Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way\" begins with an excerpt from an email that Bruce Campbell received from Barry Neville from St. Martin's Press in regard to a book, \"Walk this Way\", that he was attempting to write. The email expresses the publisher's disinterest in that book, but a desire for Campbell to work on a different project. Upon calling Barry Neville, Bruce is presented with the idea of writing a relationship book. Bruce feels he cannot approach the concept, since he does not see himself as an authority on the subject and feels his editor has a false impression of his mastery of relationships. He is contacted by his acting agent, Barry, about a potential role in a Richard Gere/Renée Zellweger romantic comedy entitled \"Let's Make Love,\" written by Kevin Jarre, directed by Mike Nichols and produced by Robert Evans. Bruce jumps to the conclusion that the role is a small, insignificant part, but he finds out that his role is in fact a large part as the wise-cracking doorman. Bruce ends up going to New York and auditioning for the role. Bruce ends up getting the role despite the fact he was not the first, second or last choice; others considered included Johnny Depp, John Cusack, Billy Campbell, Gary Sinise, John Malkovich and Robert Patrick. From this point on, Bruce tries to do research for his role. He first tries being a doorman at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, where he has an encounter with Colin Powell that does not end well. \"Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way\" continues to follow Bruce Campbell through his trials and tribulations with the movie. He goes to a gentleman's club, supposedly to learn how to be a true Southern gentleman, but instead finds it to be no more than a strip club and ends up getting shot for portraying himself as someone else while there. Bruce also makes a trip out to see a friend about relationships, but finds his friend to be nothing more than a sleaze who takes advantage of his clients. By the end of the book, Bruce is fighting to keep his role and seeing \"Let's Make Love\" sliding from an A-list movie to a B-list movie supposedly due to the B movie actor curse caused by Bruce Campbell. \"Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way\" uses many original images created by graphic artist Craig \"Kif\" Sanborn in order to both illustrate Campbell's narrative and to provide supplemental humor, including an image of a surveillance van with \"Ordinary Parked Van, Pay No Attention Just Keep Doing What You Are Doing, Speak Clearly & Audibly\" printed in large letters on its side. Bruce Campbell's reading of the book was released on 6 CDs on June 14, 2005 by Rykodisc which includes additional readers for the other characters in the book. Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way Make Love! The Bruce Campbell Way is a book by author and actor Bruce Campbell. The novel is"
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"Human-based evolutionary computation Human-based evolutionary computation (HBEC) is a set of evolutionary computation techniques that rely on human innovation. Human-based evolutionary computation techniques can be classified into three more specific classes analogous to ones in evolutionary computation. There are three basic types of innovation: initialization, mutation, and recombination. Here is a table illustrating which type of human innovation are supported in different classes of HBEC: All these three classes also have to implement selection, performed either by humans or by computers. Human-based selection strategy is a simplest human-based evolutionary computation procedure. It is used heavily today by websites outsourcing collection and selection of the content to humans (user-contributed content). Viewed as evolutionary computation, their mechanism supports two operations: initialization (when a user adds a new item) and selection (when a user expresses preference among items). The website software aggregates the preferences to compute the fitness of items so that it can promote the fittest items and discard the worst ones. Several methods of human-based selection were analytically compared in (Kosorukoff, 2000; Gentry, 2005). Because the concept seems too simple, most of the websites implementing the idea can't avoid the common pitfall: informational cascade in soliciting human preference. For example, digg-style implementations, pervasive on the web, heavily bias subsequent human evaluations by prior ones by showing how many votes the items already have. This makes the aggregated evaluation depend on a very small initial sample of rarely independent evaluations. This encourages many people to game the system that might add to digg's popularity but detract from the quality of the featured results. It is too easy to submit evaluation in digg-style system based only on the content title, without reading the actual content supposed to be evaluated. A better example of a human-based selection system is Stumbleupon. In Stumbleupon, users first experience the content (stumble upon it), and can then submit their preference by pressing a thumb-up or thumb-down button. Because the user doesn't see the number of votes given to the site by previous users, Stumbleupon can collect a relatively unbiased set of user preferences, and thus evaluate content much more precisely. In this context and maybe generally, the Wikipedia software is the best illustration of a working human-based evolution strategy wherein the (targeted) evolution of any given page comprises the fine tuning of the knowledge base of such information that relates to that page. Traditional evolution strategy has three operators: initialization, mutation, and selection. In the case of Wikipedia, the initialization operator is page creation, the mutation operator is incremental page editing. The selection operator is less salient. It is provided by the revision history and the ability to select among all previous revisions via a revert operation. If the page is vandalised and no longer a good fit to its title, a reader can easily go to the revision history and select one of the previous revisions that fits best (hopefully, the previous one). This selection feature is crucial to the success of the Wikipedia. An interesting fact is that the original wiki software was created in 1995, but it took at least another six years for large wiki-based collaborative projects to appear. Why did it take so long? One explanation is that the original wiki software lacked a selection operation and hence couldn't effectively support content evolution. The addition of revision history and the rise of large wiki-supported communities coincide in time. From an evolutionary computation point of view, this is not surprising: without a selection operation the content would undergo an aimless genetic drift and would unlikely to be useful to anyone. That is what many people expected from Wikipedia at its inception. However, with a selection operation, the utility of content has a tendency to improve over time as beneficial changes accumulate. This is what actually happens on a large scale in Wikipedia. Human-based genetic algorithm (HBGA) provides means for human-based recombination operation (a distinctive feature of genetic algorithms). Recombination operator brings together highly fit parts of different solutions that evolved independently. This makes the evolutionary process more efficient. Human-based evolutionary computation Human-based evolutionary computation (HBEC) is a set of evolutionary computation techniques that rely on human innovation. Human-based evolutionary computation techniques can be classified"
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"Binary symmetric channel A binary symmetric channel (or BSC) is a common communications channel model used in coding theory and information theory. In this model, a transmitter wishes to send a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver receives a bit. It is assumed that the bit is \"usually\" transmitted correctly, but that it will be \"flipped\" with a small probability (the \"crossover probability\"). This channel is used frequently in information theory because it is one of the simplest channels to analyze. The BSC is a \"binary channel\"; that is, it can transmit only one of two symbols (usually called 0 and 1). (A non-binary channel would be capable of transmitting more than 2 symbols, possibly even an infinite number of choices.) The transmission is not perfect, and occasionally the receiver gets the wrong bit. This channel is often used by theorists because it is one of the simplest noisy channels to analyze. Many problems in communication theory can be reduced to a BSC. Conversely, being able to transmit effectively over the BSC can give rise to solutions for more complicated channels. A binary symmetric channel with crossover probability formula_1 denoted by BSC, is a channel with binary input and binary output and probability of error formula_1; that is, if formula_3 is the transmitted random variable and formula_4 the received variable, then the channel is characterized by the conditional probabilities It is assumed that formula_6. If formula_7, then the receiver can swap the output (interpret 1 when it sees 0, and vice versa) and obtain an equivalent channel with crossover probability formula_8. The channel capacity of the binary symmetric channel is where formula_10 is the binary entropy function. Proof: The capacity is defined as the maximum mutual entropy between input and output for all possible input distributions formula_11: The mutual information can be reformulated as where the first and second step follows from the definition of mutual information and conditional entropy respectively. The entropy at the output for a given and fixed input symbol (formula_14) equals the binary entropy function, which leads to the third line and this can be further simplified. In the last line, only the first term formula_15 depends on the input distribution formula_11. And one knows, that the entropy of a binary variable is at maximum one, and reaches this only if its probability distribution is uniform. This case (uniform distribution of formula_4) can only be reached by a uniform distribution at the input formula_3, which is because of the symmetry of the channel. So one finally gets formula_19. Shannon's noisy coding theorem is general for all kinds of channels. We consider a special case of this theorem for a binary symmetric channel with an error probability p. The noise formula_20 that characterizes formula_21 is a random variable consisting of n independent random bits (n is defined below) where each random bit is a formula_22 with probability formula_1 and a formula_24 with probability formula_25. We indicate this by writing \"formula_26\". What this theorem actually implies is, a message when picked from formula_37, encoded with a random encoding function formula_38, and sent across a noisy formula_21, there is a very high probability of recovering the original message by decoding, if formula_40 or in effect the rate of the channel is bounded by the quantity stated in the theorem. The decoding error probability is exponentially small. Proof of Theorem 1. First we describe the encoding function and decoding functions used in the theorem. We will use the probabilistic method to prove this theorem. Shannon's theorem was one of the earliest applications of this method. Encoding function: Consider an encoding function formula_33 that is selected at random. This means that for each message formula_42, the value formula_43 is selected at random (with equal probabilities). Decoding function: For a given encoding function formula_38, the decoding function formula_45 is specified as follows: given any received codeword formula_46, we find the message formula_35 such that the Hamming distance formula_48 is as small as possible (with ties broken arbitrarily). This kind of a decoding function is called a \"maximum likelihood decoding (MLD)\" function. Ultimately, we will show (by integrating the probabilities) that at least one such choice formula_49 satisfies the conclusion of theorem; that is what is meant by the probabilistic method. The proof runs as follows. Suppose formula_1 and formula_31 are fixed. First we show, for a fixed formula_52 and formula_38 chosen randomly, the probability of failure over formula_54 noise is exponentially small in \"n\". At this point, the proof works for a fixed message formula_55. Next we extend this result to work for \"all\" formula_55. We achieve this by eliminating half of the codewords from the code with the argument that the proof for the decoding error probability holds for at least half of the codewords. The latter method is called expurgation. This gives the total process the name \"random coding with expurgation\". A high level proof: Fix formula_1 and formula_31. Given a fixed message formula_52, we need to estimate the expected value of the probability of the received codeword along with the noise does not give back formula_55 on decoding. That is to say, we need to estimate: Let formula_62 be the received codeword. In order for the decoded codeword formula_63 not to be equal to the message formula_55, one of the following events must occur: We can apply Chernoff bound to ensure the non occurrence of the first event. By applying Chernoff bound we have, This is exponentially small for large formula_29 (recall that formula_31 is fixed). As for the second event, we note that the probability that formula_73 is formula_74 where formula_75 is the Hamming ball of radius formula_76 centered at vector formula_77 and formula_78 is its volume. Using approximation to estimate the number of codewords in the Hamming ball, we have formula_79. Hence the above probability amounts to formula_80. Now using union bound, we can upper bound the existence of such an formula_68 by formula_82 which is formula_83, as desired by the choice of formula_40. A detailed proof: From the above analysis, we calculate the probability of the event that the decoded codeword plus the channel noise is not the same as the original message sent. We shall introduce some symbols here. Let formula_85 denote the probability of receiving codeword formula_62 given that codeword formula_67 was sent. Let formula_88 denote formula_89 We get the last inequality by our analysis using the Chernoff bound above. Now taking expectation on both sides we have, by appropriately choosing the value of formula_92. Since the above bound holds for each message, we have Now we can change the order of summation in the expectation with respect to the message and the choice of the encoding function formula_38. Hence: Hence in conclusion, by probabilistic method, we have some encoding function formula_96 and a corresponding decoding function formula_97 such that At this point, the proof works for a fixed message formula_55. But we need to make sure that the above bound holds for all the messages formula_55 simultaneously. For that, let us sort the formula_101 messages by their decoding error probabilities. Now by applying Markov's inequality, we can show the decoding error probability for the first formula_102 messages to be at most formula_103. Thus in order to confirm that the above bound to hold for every message formula_55, we could just trim off the last formula_102 messages from the sorted order. This essentially gives us another encoding function formula_106 with a corresponding decoding function formula_107 with a decoding error probability of at most formula_108 with the same rate. Taking formula_109 to be equal to formula_110 we bound the decoding error probability to formula_111.",
"formula_55. But we need to make sure that the above bound holds for all the messages formula_55 simultaneously. For that, let us sort the formula_101 messages by their decoding error probabilities. Now by applying Markov's inequality, we can show the decoding error probability for the first formula_102 messages to be at most formula_103. Thus in order to confirm that the above bound to hold for every message formula_55, we could just trim off the last formula_102 messages from the sorted order. This essentially gives us another encoding function formula_106 with a corresponding decoding function formula_107 with a decoding error probability of at most formula_108 with the same rate. Taking formula_109 to be equal to formula_110 we bound the decoding error probability to formula_111. This expurgation process completes the proof of Theorem 1. The converse of the capacity theorem essentially states that formula_112 is the best rate one can achieve over a binary symmetric channel. Formally the theorem states: Theorem 2 If formula_40 formula_114 formula_115 formula_116 formula_117 then the following is true for every encoding and decoding function formula_38: formula_37 formula_120 formula_121 and formula_122: formula_123 formula_120 formula_125 respectively: formula_126[formula_127 formula_128 formula_129 formula_114 formula_131. For a detailed proof of this theorem, the reader is asked to refer to the bibliography. The intuition behind the proof is however showing the number of errors to grow rapidly as the rate grows beyond the channel capacity. The idea is the sender generates messages of dimension formula_40, while the channel formula_54 introduces transmission errors. When the capacity of the channel is formula_134, the number of errors is typically formula_135 for a code of block length formula_29. The maximum number of messages is formula_137. The output of the channel on the other hand has formula_138 possible values. If there is any confusion between any two messages, it is likely that formula_139. Hence we would have formula_140, a case we would like to avoid to keep the decoding error probability exponentially small. Very recently, a lot of work has been done and is also being done to design explicit error-correcting codes to achieve the capacities of several standard communication channels. The motivation behind designing such codes is to relate the rate of the code with the fraction of errors which it can correct. The approach behind the design of codes which meet the channel capacities of formula_141, formula_142 have been to correct a lesser number of errors with a high probability, and to achieve the highest possible rate. Shannon's theorem gives us the best rate which could be achieved over a formula_21, but it does not give us an idea of any explicit codes which achieve that rate. In fact such codes are typically constructed to correct only a small fraction of errors with a high probability, but achieve a very good rate. The first such code was due to George D. Forney in 1966. The code is a concatenated code by concatenating two different kinds of codes. We shall discuss the construction Forney's code for the Binary Symmetric Channel and analyze its rate and decoding error probability briefly here. Various explicit codes for achieving the capacity of the binary erasure channel have also come up recently. Forney constructed a concatenated code formula_144 to achieve the capacity of Theorem 1 for formula_54. In his code, For the outer code formula_146, a Reed-Solomon code would have been the first code to have come in mind. However, we would see that the construction of such a code cannot be done in polynomial time. This is why a binary linear code is used for formula_146. For the inner code formula_155 we find a linear code by exhaustively searching from the linear code of block length formula_29 and dimension formula_40, whose rate meets the capacity of formula_54, by Theorem 1. The rate formula_170 which almost meets the formula_54 capacity. We further note that the encoding and decoding of formula_172 can be done in polynomial time with respect to formula_147. As a matter of fact, encoding formula_172 takes time formula_175. Further, the decoding algorithm described takes time formula_176 as long as formula_177; and formula_178. A natural decoding algorithm for formula_172 is to: Note that each block of code for formula_155 is considered a symbol for formula_146. Now since the probability of error at any index formula_185 for formula_159 is at most formula_187 and the errors in formula_54 are independent, the expected number of errors for formula_159 is at most formula_190 by linearity of expectation. Now applying Chernoff bound, we have bound error probability of more than formula_191 errors occurring to be formula_192. Since the outer code formula_146 can correct at most formula_191 errors, this is the decoding error probability of formula_172. This when expressed in asymptotic terms, gives us an error probability of formula_196. Thus the achieved decoding error probability of formula_172 is exponentially small as Theorem 1. We have given a general technique to construct formula_172. For more detailed descriptions on formula_155 and formula_200 please read the following references. Recently a few other codes have also been constructed for achieving the capacities. LDPC codes have been considered for this purpose for their faster decoding time. //http://oscar.iitb.ac.in/availableProposalsAction1.do?type=av&id=534&language=english A Java applet implementing Binary Symmetric Channel broken Binary symmetric channel A binary symmetric channel (or BSC) is a common communications channel model used in coding theory and information theory. In this model, a transmitter wishes to send a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver receives a bit. It is assumed that the bit is \"usually\" transmitted correctly, but that it will be \"flipped\" with a small probability (the \"crossover probability\"). This channel is used frequently in information theory because it is one of the simplest channels to analyze. The BSC is a \"binary"
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"Gynacantha rosenbergi Gynacantha rosenbergi is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae, known as the grey duskhawker. It inhabits still waters and is found in New Guinea, Indonesia, through parts of northern Australia, as well as islands in the south Pacific. \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" is a large dragonfly with a wingspan of about 119 mm and overall length about 85 mm. It is strikingly coloured. Its abdomen is a dark rusty brown with greenish-yellow markings and its thorax is pale green. Its eyes are green tinged with yellow and, like other members of the Aeshnidae family, are large and joined together at the top. In front of its eyes the frons has a dark marking that looks like the letter 'T' when viewed from above. The abdomen is swollen where it joins the body, then forms a distinctive waist of about 2 mm at segment 3. This waist is about half the width of segment 2, the segment closer to the main body. Beyond the waist, the abdomen tapers to the end. The second segment of the abdomen on a male has light green auricles, miniature ear-like projections on each side. At the tip of their tails male dragonflies of the genus \"Gynacantha\" have a distinctive pair of long, slim, anal appendages with fine hairs on their inner sides. These hold the female during mating. For \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" the tips of the male anal appendages are curved slightly under and towards each other, which helps to distinguish it from other members of its genus. Along the leading edge of the wing the nodus is about half way and, towards the wing tip, the pterostigma is a creamy coloured patch about 5 mm long. The wings are translucent. The base of the hindwing is a diffusely golden colour which may extend to the nodus. Males have an angulated base to their hindwings, whereas females have a rounded base. The anal triangle, on the inboard edge of a male hindwing, is broad with three cells. The forewing triangle is stretched along the wing. The median space is clear without cross veins. \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" is larger than \"Gynacantha dobsoni\", which in many ways appears quite similar. \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" is not commonly recorded. It has been found from the Moluccas to Vanuatu and New Caledonia. In Australia it has been recorded from coastal north-east Queensland, north from about Townsville. It has been found on Moa Island in Torres Strait and on Groote Eylandt in the Gulf of Carpentaria. \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" inhabits still waters such as swamps and ponds. It rests in deep shade during the day and flies at dawn and dusk. Gynacantha rosenbergi Gynacantha rosenbergi is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae, known as the grey duskhawker. It inhabits still waters and is found in New Guinea, Indonesia, through parts of northern Australia, as well as islands in the south Pacific. \"Gynacantha rosenbergi\" is a large dragonfly with a wingspan of about 119 mm and overall length about 85 mm. It"
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"Bonifaciu Florescu Bonifaciu Florescu (first name also Boniface, Bonifacio, Bonifati, last name also Floresco; born Bonifacius Florescu; May 1848 – December 18, 1899) was a Romanian polygraph, the illegitimate son of writer-revolutionary Nicolae Bălcescu. Born secretly outside his parents' native Wallachia, at Pest, he was taken by his aristocratic mother in France, growing up as an erudite Francophone and Francophile. Florescu graduated from the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and the University of Rennes, returning home at age 25 to become a successful lecturer, polemicist, and historian of culture. Influenced by his father's politics, he was for a while a prominent figure on the far-left of Romanian liberalism and nationalism, which pitted him against the conservative society \"Junimea\", and against his own conservative cousin, Prime Minister Ion Emanuel Florescu. The conflict led to his losing a professorship at Iași University and being sidelined when applying for chairs at the University of Bucharest. His critique of \"Junimist\" literature, structured around a classical defense of prosody, inspired a libel by Mihai Eminescu—famously depicting Florescu as a \"homunculus\". Florescu had significant success as a self-proclaimed irredentist, agitating for Romanian causes in disputed Bukovina and Transylvania. Ultimately, however, he failed in his bid to rise through the National Liberal Party, as the latter moved to the center, and fell back on independent journalism, founding several periodicals of his own. He had a long but interrupted collaboration with another dissident liberal and poet, Alexandru Macedonski, who co-opted him on his \"Literatorul\" editing team during the 1880s. A precursor, but not an affiliate, of the Romanian Symbolist movement, Florescu had steadier friendships with the younger Symbolists Mircea Demetriade and Iuliu Cezar Săvescu. His main contribution to pre-Symbolist \"belles-lettres\" is prose poetry in the manner of Catulle Mendès. A committed bohemian, whose lifestyle interfered with his literary output and his teaching job at Saint Sava, Florescu is sometimes read as a herald of decadent writing. He was important to the Macedonskian Symbolists for his familiarity with French culture, but was primarily an expert in 18th-century literature. His criticism, modeled on Villemain, Sainte-Beuve and Taine, was perceived as refined in its context, but later enlisted objections for its pedantry and amateurism. He was a prolific translator passionate about exotic topics, authoring some of the first Romanian versions of stories by Edgar Allan Poe. Born a Wallachian subject, Bonifaciu Florescu descended from the boyar nobility: the Bălcescus recognized him as a family member; the Florescus, however, refused to accept that Nicolae Bălcescu was the father. His father's family, of lesser rank and prestige, had been founded by Father Necula, a Wallachian Orthodox parson, who purchased the Bălcești estate in 1766. Unusually rich for his social position, he bought for his sons small boyar offices. Despite taking the same name, Nicolae and his two brothers descended from the clan through their mother Zinca; she married \"Pitar\" Barbu sin Petre Căpitanul—a gentleman farmer of Prahova, who also owned townhouses in Bucharest. Barbu's financial troubles and quick death contributed to the family's marginalization. The poet's mother, Alexandrina \"Luxița\" Florescu, claimed direct descent from Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave, and was the daughter of \"Logothete\" Iordache Florescu, as well as aunt of Ion Emanuel Florescu, the Wallachian militia chief. The family also had Greek and Albanian ancestors. Iordache, a Ghica on his mother's side, ran in the 1842 election for the Wallachian throne, under the \"Regulamentul Organic\" regime; his wife, Anica, was a Soutzos. At age 17, Luxița was married off to a Russian Pole, but divorced him in 1836, alleging that he was hypersexual; he was probably also an alcoholic. She may have then met Bălcescu at the Florescu home in Șerban-Vodă, Bucharest, which functioned as a club for progressive intellectuals; however, Bonifaciu was most likely conceived while the couple reunited in Paris. Reportedly, Bălcescu, ill with tuberculosis and absorbed by his conspiratorial work, informed Luxița that they could never be married, which she accepted. Youth from both families were deeply involved in the Wallachian revolution of 1848, which occurred some weeks after Bonifaciu's birth. Luxița was shielded by her brothers in the Kingdom of Hungary, without informing Nicolae of her whereabouts or her pregnancy, until after she delivered. Bonifaciu was thus born in Pest; his date of birth is variously given as May 14, May 17, or May 27. In July, he was baptized into Orthodoxy at a Pest chapel shared by the Greek and Romanian Orthodox churches. The baptismal record omits mention of his father's family name, but indicates his godfather as Inochentie Chițulescu (future Bishop of Buzău). By July, Bălcescu had been appointed foreign minister of revolutionary Wallachia, but then a reshuffle pushed him into the background. Eventually, the Russian and Ottoman empires intervened militarily, and the revolutionaries were pushed into exile or imprisoned. Brothers Nicolae and Costache Bălcescu escaped to Paris, passing through insurgent Hungary; the third Bălcescu brother, Barbu, was taken to Istanbul as a hostage. Three of Luxița's brothers—Iancu, Dumitrache, and Costache Florescu—participated in the events, and played a part in the shootout with the loyalist Colonel Grigore Lăcusteanu, whom they eventually arrested. Unusually, Costache Florescu's daughter married Lăcusteanu's brother Iancu while the colonel was still in captivity. All three brothers were repressed during the foreign intervention: Iancu Florescu was arrested by the Russians and spent some eight years in Siberia, returning after the Crimean War removed Wallachia from the Russian sphere of influence; Costache and Dumitrache were taken into Ottoman custody, returning after nine years of exile in Bursa. While Iancu took up law practice, Dumitrache is best known for setting to music the poetry of Vasile Alecsandri. With material support from Chițulescu, Luxița and her son returned to Wallachia in 1850. Although she only formally adopted Bonifaciu in 1858, to solidify his claim to the Florescu estate, he grew up knowing that the exiled Bălcescu was his father. Prevented from returning home (with a brief exception in August 1852, when he only met Zinca at Turnu Măgurele), Nicolae died in the Two Siciles (November 1852). His grave is presumed lost. Luxița and Bonifaciu were also largely absent from Wallachia as the country merged with Moldavia into the United Principalities (the basis for modern Romania). Bonifaciu attended Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, living with his mother on Rue Saint-Jacques, and possibly obtaining a scholarship from the Romanian government. He grew up speaking French at home, and only later perfected his Romanian, which he always spoke with an accent and a guttural R. His impromptu versions of Romanian orthography reflected phonemic spelling with unusual consistency for his day, and they unwittingly recorded his own difficulties in pronouncing Romanian words. This trait was ridiculed by philologist Hanes Suchianu as the very \"apex of phoneticism\". Familiarized with Bălcescu's works by age 17, Bonifaciu declared his father to have been a \"genius\", \"Romania's only prose writer\". He followed Nicolae's radical orientation, declaring the French Revolution as the \"triumph of justice, liberty and equality, and a great step toward fraternity\"; he also took up the cause of Pan-Europeanism, arguing for \"one great European republic, as in America.\" Reading up on the events at home, Florescu was indignant about the 1866 coup against \"Domnitor\" Alexandru Ioan Cuza. In his view, Cuza, albeit ruling with an \"authoritarian hand\", was preferable to the foreign-born replacement Carol of",
"unwittingly recorded his own difficulties in pronouncing Romanian words. This trait was ridiculed by philologist Hanes Suchianu as the very \"apex of phoneticism\". Familiarized with Bălcescu's works by age 17, Bonifaciu declared his father to have been a \"genius\", \"Romania's only prose writer\". He followed Nicolae's radical orientation, declaring the French Revolution as the \"triumph of justice, liberty and equality, and a great step toward fraternity\"; he also took up the cause of Pan-Europeanism, arguing for \"one great European republic, as in America.\" Reading up on the events at home, Florescu was indignant about the 1866 coup against \"Domnitor\" Alexandru Ioan Cuza. In his view, Cuza, albeit ruling with an \"authoritarian hand\", was preferable to the foreign-born replacement Carol of Hohenzollern. Passionate about literature, Florescu and his colleague Frédéric Damé set up their own newspaper, \"L'Avenir\" (\"The Future\"), which only put out a few issues. Florescu was described by teachers and relatives as a charming but inattentive student, and was once moved to a remedial class, ultimately obtaining his \"baccalauréat\" in August 1868. In October 1872, he graduated from the literature faculty of the University of Rennes. From mid 1873, he returned with his mother to Bucharest, where she became the curator of a retirement home maintained by the Sisters of Charity. Her son debuted in the Romanian press with an overview of history as reflected in Romanian folklore; it was hosted in \"Românul\", published by C. A. Rosetti (July–August 1873). On October 3, Florescu married Rose-Henriette Le Roho d'Alcobia (born 1849), the orphaned scion of an Anglo-French-Portuguese family. According to one account, they did not have any children of their own, but later adopted a boy named Ion. Contrarily, literary historian George Călinescu suggests that Ion was the couple's natural son, \"a direct descendant of Nicolae Bălcescu\". On October 5, following an examination performed by historian Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, Florescu had obtained a \"provisional\" professorate at the department of world literature within the literature faculty of Iași University. He thus replaced Nicolae Ionescu, who preferred to keep his seat in the Assembly of Deputies. Researcher George Porta suggests that Florescu never actually took hold of his chair, being snubbed by two successive Education Ministers: Christian Tell and Vasile Boerescu. However, his introductory lesson was published in Hasdeu's newspaper, \"Columna lui Traian\", which also hosted Florescu's homage to the retiring poet Grigore Alexandrescu. During his time in Iași, Florescu, supported by physician Anastasie Fătu, also founded and operated an adult high school. In April 1874, a conservative coalition that included \"Junimea\" society of Iași formed the national government, with Lascăr Catargiu as Prime Minister. The cabinet had Bonifaciu's cousin, Ion Emanuel Florescu, for a Defense Minister—described by critics as authoritarian in his handling of political opposition. Bonifaciu himself was dismissed immediately by the new Education Minister, \"Junimist\" ideologue Titu Maiorescu, who \"could not stand him.\" In his official report, Maiorescu noted that, although Florescu was an erudite, his peculiar teaching style was driving students away. This dispute doubled as an cultural conflict between liberals such as Florescu and \"Junimea\". Florescu spent much of his time in polemics with the minister, and also with the \"Junimist\" poet Mihail Eminescu. The latter scandal began in January 1876 with Florescu's derisive note in \"Românul\". Here, Florescu attacked \"Junimism\" (and implicitly Eminescu's work) as a \"torrent of little poets\"—although, in the same text, he praised Eminescu's lover Veronica Micle for her own \"beautiful\" verse. Declaring himself dissatisfied with the assonance of \"Junimist\" poetry, Florescu demanded a more thorough literary consonance. As noted later by the critic Perpessicius, this request was \"bizarre\" and \"drunk on prosody\", although Florescu had \"his indisputable merits.\" Perpessicius also proposes that it formed part of a press campaign \"in bad taste\", \"as vociferous as it was impotent\", seeking to undermine \"Junimea\"s steady rise, with Florescu \"in so very many ways, from the pestering to the inept, ready to censor Eminescu's budding oeuvre.\" Florescu's review was immediately challenged by Nicolae Scurtescu, who sent \"Românul\" a letter in which he expressed solidarity with Eminescu, and asked to be struck out from Florescu's list of \"good poets\", suggesting that Florescu had no qualification to compile such lists. Eminescu would also respond later in 1876 with the libel \"Epistolă deschisă homunculului Bonifaciu\" (\"An Open Letter to Bonifaciu the Homunculus\"). Its reference to a mysterious newspaper, \"Pruncul\" (\"The Babe\"), was later identified as a jibe at \"Românul\", whose predecessor was an 1848 sheet, \"Pruncul Român\" (\"The Romanian Infant\"). The \"letter\", written in tones of \"rising anger\", reads: Călinescu finds the poem to be a \"vigorous satire\", its reference to \"B. Florescu's 'oakum' brain [...] describing quite well a fibrous arrhythmic state\". By 1880, the \"homunculus\" imagery was rehashed for the early draft of an ample poem, \"Scrisoarea II\", part of which is specifically dedicated to ridiculing Eminescu's detractors. As noted by Perpessicius, Florescu, unlike Rosetti, was never mentioned in the more definitive satire, \"Scrisoarea III\". This, he suggests, may be a sign of his relative insignificance among Eminescu's enemies. Overall, Potra notes, Florescu was largely unemployed, and pushed to make his living by giving private lessons in French—his students included the two daughters of physician Constantin Istrati and the future dramatist Ioan Bacalbașa. \"Turned proletarian\", he and Rose-Henriette lived in rented rooms at Pasajul Roman. Maiorescu only allowed Florescu to teach an optional \"free\" course at the University of Bucharest Faculty of Letters. The lessons were a corpus of \"critical modern history\" (published as a textbook in 1875), discussing such topics as progressivism, the \"Ancien Régime\", British constitutionalism, and German nationalism, as well as the genesis of Wallachian boyardom. They were also indirectly supervised from Paris by professor Henri Pigeonneau, who sent Florescu a bibliography. Although Florescu expressed his frustration over lacking oratorical skills, the lectures made him very popular with Bucharesters. Florescu's radicalism also brought him into contact with Hristo Botev, instigator of the Bulgarian National Revival, whom Florescu met in Bucharest and perhaps acquainted with the works of Bălcescu. Some controversy did occur locally when Florescu expressed his democratic beliefs in his university lectures, describing boyardom as a bane and congratulating his own family for giving up on privilege. His early work as a polemicist includes two volumes of \"Etiam contra omnes\" (\"Even against All\"), published alongside the brochure \"Una suta de adevĕrurĭ\" (\"A Hundred Truths\"). The latter comprised aphorisms tinged by anti-\"Junimism\", originally appearing in the daily \"Telegraphul de Bucurescĭ\", where he also published essays discussing Étienne de La Boétie's \"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude\". He kept a grudge against Maiorescu, and, in 1875 letters for \"Apărătorul Legeĭ\" newspaper, accused others, notably Cezar Bolliac, of behaving \"like Maiorescu\". Despite this, in 1877 Florescu was theater chronicler at the \"Junimea\" daily, \"România Liberă\". His journalism was by then prolific, with articles also taken up in \"Columna lui Traian\" and \"Românul\", and also in liberal papers such as \"Albine și Viespi\", \"Alegătorul\", and \"Revista Contimporană\". Some were encyclopedic overviews, with topics such as Pre-Columbian Mexico (1875) and the settlement of Iceland (1877); others were the first in a series of \"Studiĭ literare\" (\"Studies in Literature\") where he carried on with critiques of",
"where he also published essays discussing Étienne de La Boétie's \"Discourse on Voluntary Servitude\". He kept a grudge against Maiorescu, and, in 1875 letters for \"Apărătorul Legeĭ\" newspaper, accused others, notably Cezar Bolliac, of behaving \"like Maiorescu\". Despite this, in 1877 Florescu was theater chronicler at the \"Junimea\" daily, \"România Liberă\". His journalism was by then prolific, with articles also taken up in \"Columna lui Traian\" and \"Românul\", and also in liberal papers such as \"Albine și Viespi\", \"Alegătorul\", and \"Revista Contimporană\". Some were encyclopedic overviews, with topics such as Pre-Columbian Mexico (1875) and the settlement of Iceland (1877); others were the first in a series of \"Studiĭ literare\" (\"Studies in Literature\") where he carried on with critiques of prosody. Another contribution was as a translator, where he made local literary history with Edgar Allan Poe's \"Tell-Tale Heart\" in 1875, followed in 1876 by \"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar\". Also in 1875, Florescu involved himself in the dispute between Romania and Austria-Hungary, concerning the Duchy of Bukovina—Romanian-inhabited, but taken by the Austrian Empire following the rearrangement of 1775. His work, published as a brochure co-authored by Vasile Maniu, accused the Austrians of double-dealing and fraud perpetrated against Moldavia and the Ottomans. Such ideas endeared him to the Romanian nationalists in Transylvania, which was also under Austro-Hungarian rule. In that region, Florescu's work was displayed as an important contribution in \"Orientul Latin\", the nationalist, Pan-Latinist, anti-\"Junimist\" review of Ioan Alexandru Lapedatu. Florescu also involved himself in the dispute over Jewish emancipation: with his school friend Damé, he translated into French Hasdeu's \"Histoire de la tolérance religieuse en Roumanie\" (\"History of Religious Tolerance in Romania\"). In April 1875, with help from liberal agitators, Florescu seized the opportunity to lecture on Bukovina at the Romanian Atheneum. The Catargiu government forbade it and threatened him with arrest, though he eventually found an open venue at Suhr Circus, between Calea Victoriei and Lipscani. Despite his attested incompetence in public speaking, this event attracted a crowd comprising, in some reports, as many as 6,000 nationalists. Shortly after the Suhr Circus incident, Romanian liberal groups formed the National Liberal Party, which became focused on regaining power. For three weeks in April 1876, Florescu's cousin was the conservative Prime Minister of a mainly soldiers' cabinet. Outmaneuvered by the opposition, it fell and was replaced with a National Liberal government, headed by Manolache Costache Epureanu—himself replaced after the June election with Ion Brătianu, supported by the party's radical, or \"Red\", majority. During this episode of liberal triumph an intrigue, Florescu befriended the liberal poet Alexandru Macedonski, who sympathized with him in his conflict with Maiorescu. Macedonski wrote a poem denouncing Maiorescu's \"scholarly tribe\" and Florescu's 1874 sacking. Between March and June, Florescu published his own newspaper, the republican and anti-conservative \"Stindardul\" (\"The Flag\"), alongside Macedonski and dramatist Pantazi Ghica; however, Macedonski soon quit the enterprise. As a \"Red\", Florescu tried but failed to present himself as a candidate in Ilfov County: in primaries, his colleagues preferred Eugeniu Stătescu over him; in June 1876, he withdrew from \"Stindardul\", declaring himself exhausted by the elections and by his regular work, the \"five hours of daily tutoring\". As noted by memoirist Constantin Bacalbașa, both Florescu and Macedonski had political ambitions and were very popular in liberal circles, but they were also \"transient heroes, the sort that go down with their ephemeral wave.\" In July 1876, minister Gheorghe Chițu ruled Florescu's 1873 appointment valid, but only assigned him to a history-and-French teacher's position at Saint Sava High School. According to the satirical gazette \"Ghimpele\", Florescu, \"erstwhile a communist, yesterday a liberal\", taught his pupils extravagant and inaccurate lessons in history. It also alleged that he skipped classes in order to promote the magazine \"Nuvelistul\", on which he also worked as a writer. In 1877–1878, the Romanian War of Independence (or more specifically, Romania's contribution to the Russo-Turkish War) opened the way for the country's evolution into a Kingdom of Romania (1880). Although independence occurred under a National Liberal mandate, Bonifaciu's cousin is widely credited with having helped modernize the Romanian Land Forces and getting them battle-ready. Bonifaciu also contributed, on the humanitarian side, publishing the collection \"Quelques vers\", which specified that it collected money \"au profit des blessés\" (\"to help the wounded\"). Meanwhile, Florescu saw himself as fit to occupy the vacated French-language chair at Bucharest University. However, this was converted into a Romance studies chair by government order, then assigned to Gian Luigi Frollo—the enduring perception was that Brătianu was clamping down on French influence, for fear of upsetting Germany. Florescu tried but failed to obtain a professorship in psychology and aesthetics at Bucharest University, and narrowly lost the race for the Romance chair. From January 1880, with Macedonski and Th. M. Stoenescu, Florescu edited a cultural review, \"Literatorul\", where he published notes on the Franco-Prussian War and his new prose poetry, the \"watercolors\" and \"sanguines\". The embryo of a local Symbolist movement, \"Literatorul\" soon became noted for its prolonged polemic with Eminescu, which was carried by both Macedonski and Florescu. The latter also censured Macedonski's estranged friend, Duiliu Zamfirescu, who defected to \"Junimea\". When he later alleged that this was for material gain, Zamfirescu simply dismissed him as a \"zevzec\" (\"nitwit\"). Florescu himself eventually withdrew from the enterprise after a mysterious quarrel with Macedonski, who then accused him, also in \"Literatorul\", of having squandered public money with his teaching. However, according to scholar Șerban Cioculescu, Florescu and Stonescu, together with poet-actor Mircea Demetriade—all three \"faint and subdued figures\"—, remained the last Macedonski loyalists as the latter fell into disgrace. Similarly, critic Adrian Marino notes that, while Macedonski's program was \"constructive, evolved and receptive of the most fecund modern orientations\", its main adherents, Florescu included, were \"insignificant [and] obscure\". His own monthly, \"Portofoliul Român\" (\"The Romanian Portfolio\"), appeared between March 1881 and June 1882, hosting poetry by Demetriade and Florescu's \"watercolors\", as well as his various historical essays—much praised by the Romanophile Frenchman Abdolonyme Ubicini. In a note published therein, he revealed that \"Portofoliul\" only existed because of Petru Grădișteanu, whose recent law on debt relief had spared Florescu from his creditors. This news was reviewed with amusement in \"Junimea\"s \"Convorbiri Literare\", which remarked that literature \"owes so much to Mr. Grădișteanu\". The same magazine derided Florescu's attempt to summarize philosophically the history of Austria on five pages: \"The bigger the country, the shorter its philosophy.\" Additionally, Florescu announced that he was working on a fragmentary treatise on the historiosophy of the Balkans, seen by him as a single cultural and racial space. His other contributions included a rhyming obituary to painter Ion Andreescu, taken up in \"Binele Public\" newspaper and then carved on Andreescu's tombstone. In 1884, the Florescus moved out of Pasajul Roman and to a small house on Calea Victoriei, with Bonifaciu founding a literary serial, \"Biblioteca Omuluĭ de Gust\" (\"The Library of Tasteful Men\"), where he issued the collected poems of Alexandru Depărățeanu. The year also witnessed a release of",
"Grădișteanu\". The same magazine derided Florescu's attempt to summarize philosophically the history of Austria on five pages: \"The bigger the country, the shorter its philosophy.\" Additionally, Florescu announced that he was working on a fragmentary treatise on the historiosophy of the Balkans, seen by him as a single cultural and racial space. His other contributions included a rhyming obituary to painter Ion Andreescu, taken up in \"Binele Public\" newspaper and then carved on Andreescu's tombstone. In 1884, the Florescus moved out of Pasajul Roman and to a small house on Calea Victoriei, with Bonifaciu founding a literary serial, \"Biblioteca Omuluĭ de Gust\" (\"The Library of Tasteful Men\"), where he issued the collected poems of Alexandru Depărățeanu. The year also witnessed a release of his collected historical essays, as \"Memento de istorie universală sau Istoria în tablourĭ\" (\"World History Memento or, History in Scenes\"); his translation of Musset's play \"Never Swear That You Be Not Forsworn\"; and his critical edition of Count Buffon's \"Discours sur le style\". In August of the following year, \"Românul\" had a row with the National Liberal Party, causing Florescu to side with the former. The core issue was again nationalism: Prime Minister Brătianu gave in to Austro-Hungarian demands, and expelled a group of Transylvanians, including Nicolae Ciurcu, publisher of \"L'Indépendance Roumaine\". When \"Românul\" protested and was raided by police, Florescu showed up to express solidarity, one of several National Liberals to do so—the others were Grădișteanu, Dimitrie Gianni, and George D. Pallade. In 1886, his essay on the 1848 revolution was taken up by the same \"L'Indépendance Roumaine\". By then, the historian lived a bohemian life, and was a regular at Fialcovsky Coffeehouse, where he appeared \"jocular and always absent minded\". According to the recollections of Mariu Theodorian-Carada, although \"Boniface Florescu\" and Demetriade made efforts to keep it alive, by 1886 \"Fialkovsky was dwindling\". Potra notes that Florescu was memorable as a Bucharest \"type\", \"with his quite disheveled appearance, his paddling, slow and measured stride, and above all with his way of life\". Reportedly, he always wore just one galosh, or sometimes one of his wife's boots, and his suits were covered in ink blots. Gheorghe Gh. Longinescu, who was schooled at Saint Sava, recalls that his teacher had an unusual, crooked, stride, which matched his handwriting. An unnamed Saint Sava alumnus recalled in 1926: \"Just about every day, he would walk the streets reading from a newspaper or a book, and, since he was shortsighted, he kept [it] very close to his eyes, and so he bumped into streetlights or street corners, after which he would present his excuses.\" The writer Maica Smara, who shared a home with Bonifaciu, Henriette-Rose, and sculptor Ion Georgescu in the 1880s, recalls that they \"never once opened a window\", and notes: \"hoopoes did better housecleaning than them.\" Physician Constantin Dimitrescu-Severeanu, who visited his home, records that Bonifaciu and wife slept on a pile of hay, and that Florescu looked like \"he never washed his face more than thrice a year.\" Florescu was a heavy drinker and smoker, and, according to another one-time student, Constantin Kirițescu, only seemed at ease in coffeehouses and bars; he despised Saint Sava and, with time, only showed up for that work because it paid a salary. According to Dr. Severeanu, he borrowed money from both friends and students, promising that they were for him to write a new book. Longinescu additionally claims that Florescu was \"unusually cultured, but lacked common sense\", and so the victim of \"countless student pranks\". Among the students who remained loyal to Florescu was the poet Iuliu Cezar Săvescu, who, in 1886, also became a member of Macedonski's circle. While his picturesque demeanor was laughed at, Florescu's erudition was acclaimed, in particular concerning his passionate Saint Sava lessons about 18th-century French literature, which was regarded as his main field of expertise. The courses were published in several installments, from 1887 to 1893, followed by the book edition of \"Studiĭ literare\". In April 1888, Macedonski and Florescu took over management of \"România Literară\" review from D. Teleor; it survived until 1889. Also in 1889, Florescu translated Catulle Mendès' \"Imagerie parisienne\", adding his own \"Romanian Sanguines\", and returned to the University of Bucharest with another \"free\" course, this time on French literature. By then, he had joined several members of the \"Literatorul\" school who were migrating toward \"Revista Nouă\", put out by Hasdeu and featuring authors disliked by Macedonski. Interested in spiritism, from about 1890 Florescu also attended Hasdeu's \"séances\", alongside Bishop Ghenadie, George Ionescu-Gion, and Ioan S. Nenițescu; Theodor Speranția acted as medium. In 1892, he produced a volume of his collected poetry, as \"Ritmurĭ și rime\" (\"Rhythms and Rhymes\"). Its theoretical notes on prosody relaunched the attack on Eminescu, depicting him and the younger Alexandru Vlahuță as \"enemies of rhythm and rhyme\"; of the latter two, he favored rhythm, and translated a fragment from Victor Hugo in blank verse, to prove his point. The book also featured his renditions of poems by: Henri Auguste Barbier, Mellin de Saint-Gelais, Charles Baudelaire, Pierre de Ronsard, Alfred de Musset, Clément Marot, François Rabelais, Isaac de Benserade, Paul Scarron, Alexandre Soutzo, Ponce Lebrun, and Charles Rivière Dufresny. His work of the period also covered selections from other classics and moderns of French literature: Molière, Voltaire, Rodolphe Töpffer, Alexandre Dumas, Edgar Quinet, George Sand, Henri Murger, Paul Armand Silvestre, Théodore de Banville, and José-Maria de Heredia; more exotically, he also rendered into Romanian works by Walter Scott and Fernán Caballero, as well as samples of Malagasy and Indian poetry. Also publishing in Giurgiu an anthology of 17th-century poetry in French, he moved house closer to Saint Sava in 1891, at a new address on Soarelui Street, which also became the editorial offices of his new gazette. Called \"Dumineca\" (\"The Sunday\"), and published to February 1891, it was co-edited by Demetriade and Săvescu, and possibly managed by the latter. A while after, Florescu's cousin, a prominent figure in the Liberal Conservative Party, briefly served as Prime Minister. Reportedly, Bonifaciu had hopes that Ion Emanuel would reestablish the Bucharest French-language chair and assign him to it, but the relevant minister, G. Dem. Teodorescu, vetoed any such move. The premier was eventually sidelined from within the party by Catargiu, and lost a vote of no confidence, ushering in the February 1892 elections; he died in Paris in May 1893. Around that time, Bonifaciu had begun writing a biography of his father, in French; unpublished, it was later preserved by the Bălcescu Memorial Museum. With Demetriade, he became a regular contributor to Săvescu's own literary magazine, launched in 1893 as \"Liga Literară\". Florescu was also a regular at Grigore Tocilescu's scientific journal, \"Revista pentru Istorie, Arheologie și Filologie\". Tocilescu, his cousin thrice removed, allowed him to publish his notes on Bălcescu's complex mediation between the Hungarians and Romanians of Transylvania. His own hard-line stance on the Transylvanian issue, expressed during the \"Transylvanian Memorandum\" incident of 1892, alienated him further from both dominant parties. By November 1893, he was editing a newspaper called \"Irredenta Română\" (\"The Romanian Irredenta\"), his contribution there derided by the National Liberal Dimitrie Sturdza. Sturdza argued that Florescu's goal of annexing Transylvania to the Romanian kingdom was unrealistic; he also declared that such radicalism was only serving Romania's enemies, with Florescu and his colleagues \"either sold out or very incompetent and stupid.\"",
"pentru Istorie, Arheologie și Filologie\". Tocilescu, his cousin thrice removed, allowed him to publish his notes on Bălcescu's complex mediation between the Hungarians and Romanians of Transylvania. His own hard-line stance on the Transylvanian issue, expressed during the \"Transylvanian Memorandum\" incident of 1892, alienated him further from both dominant parties. By November 1893, he was editing a newspaper called \"Irredenta Română\" (\"The Romanian Irredenta\"), his contribution there derided by the National Liberal Dimitrie Sturdza. Sturdza argued that Florescu's goal of annexing Transylvania to the Romanian kingdom was unrealistic; he also declared that such radicalism was only serving Romania's enemies, with Florescu and his colleagues \"either sold out or very incompetent and stupid.\" Joining the nonpartisan Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians, Florescu was a direct contributor to its irredentist propaganda, working alongside the Italian sympathizer Roberto Fava. He also helped the young nationalist liberal, Take Ionescu, polishing his letters of protest against Austria-Hungary, written in French. As Ionescu recalled decades later: \"Bonifaciu was a veritable savant, but had endured the unrepentant bohemian. He only worked when we pressed him to, with us looking over his shoulder.\" During this stage of his life, Florescu became close friends with Georges Bibesco, French-speaking son of Prince Gheorghe Bibescu (whom his father and uncles had deposed in 1848). He translated Bibesco's defensive biography of his father, which ran at over 1200 pages in the printed edition of 1893–1894. As he noted in a dedication to Bibesco, he considered him a friend through their shared Francophilia, but nonetheless a political adversary. Bibesco then enlisted Florescu's services in clearing Prince Gheorghe of the allegations that he intended to concede all of Wallachia's mining industry to Russian venture capitalists. Florescu also worked with Theodor Assan and A. Dobrovici on a history of the United Principalities, published as \"Unirea Română\" (\"The Romanian Unification\"), and translated Bibesco's tract on the history of Wallachia and Moldavia under \"Regulamentul Organic\". Also in 1894, Florescu was an unsuccessful candidate for the vacated chair of medieval and modern history at Bucharest University—a position ultimately taken up by Nicolae Iorga in 1895. According to historian Lucian Nastasă, his \"permanent failure\" to obtain academic credentials had an explanation \"as plain as they get: his attitude was openly and actively anti-\"Junimist\".\" Reflecting back on the period in 1939, Iorga himself noted: \"Shame that in this literary world of ours, guided by groups and interests, that poor man never heard a good word for that consuming labor of his and for his true talent, inherited from his father.\" Florescu gathered his \"Literatorul\" pieces as \"Aquarele și poeziĭ în proză\" (\"Watercolors and Prose Poems\"), with contributions by Demetriade and a C. Drăgulinescu, and with samples from Murger. His work for 1894 additionally included the first volume of a French–Romanian dictionary (comprising 6 volumes in all), followed in 1895 by an overview of French lyrical poetry \"between the 10th and 20th centuries\". In his final years, Florescu made one more attempt at founding a review—the 1894 weekly \"Dacia Viitoare\" (\"Future Dacia\")—and contributed an overview of the Horea–Cloșca rebellion to the Symbolist journal \"Revista Orientală\". Florescu eventually resigned from Saint Sava, but continued to teach history and French at Mihai Viteazul High School, at the military high school, and at the Saint Nephon seminary. His late experiments in wisdom poetry appeared in the Transylvanian \"Vatra\". For a while director of a new magazine, \"Țara Literară\" (\"The Literary Country\"), he was also a contributor to Ion Livescu's \"Revista Theatrelor\", aimed at the community of actors and theater aficionados. Livescu saw him as one of the great critics in the field, equal to Ionescu-Gion and Grigore Ventura. In 1896, with Săvescu, Florescu began translating from a history of Albanian literature (in Italian, by Alberto Straticò). By then, Florescu had published over 200 books, comprising his own works alongside translations, and had had his own verse anthologized by poet Radu D. Rosetti (in \"Cartea Dragosteĭ\", 1896). Before August 1899, Florescu's work was hampered by an illness, later diagnosed as ventricular hypertrophy; he was living with his family in a small house on Speranței Street, north of Colțea Hospital. Luxița Florescu died in October of that year, aged 83, and Bonifaciu only two months later, on December 18. Demetriade unexpectedly dropped by on a visit just after his friend's death, recalling: \"he had woken up more joyful than ever. Always one to enjoy a pun, he asked his wife, whose name was Rose, to hand him a rose that had been left in some glass. Just after Madam Florescu handed him that flower, the soul of this man, always a poet, went out with the perfume of the rose.\" A brief obituary in \"Literatorul\" credited him as someone \"illustrious but unhappy\", who \"stood up to the intellectual degeneracy into which our country was continuously pushed.\" He was buried in the family crypt at Țigănești Monastery, next to his mother, with a funeral ceremony attended by the Bucharest aristocracy and the Saint Sava students. The grave has since been lost during extensive repair work on the monastery grounds. Florescu was survived by both his wife and his son. In 1900, Henriette-Rose took a small pension from the state, awarded to her by a review committee which included Costache Bălcescu. She lived for 28 more years, to January 1928. Ion, an officer in the Romanian Land Forces, married in February 1910 Elena Kalinderu, a relative of agriculturist and art collector Ioan Kalinderu. He had two children of his own: Mircea Ioan (born 1912, killed in a car accident in 1929), and judge Ion \"Nelu\" Florescu, who emigrated to Brazil and was still alive in 1941. Bonifaciu Florescu's work and family history gained more exposure after the August 1944 coup and during early Romanian communism, when left-wing ideologies turned Bălcescu into their hero. At the time, Potra notes, the Florescus came to accept Bonifaciu's paternity, published secret notes and rare photographs, and even helped Camil Petrescu write his romanticized biography of the revolutionary. In the 1950s, Soviet historiography proposed that Florescu was secretly a Communard, and that he supported Sergey Nechayev, the Russian revolutionist, providing him with his own passport. The claim was reviewed with skepticism by the Romanian scholar Georges Haupt, who noted that \"Florescu\" was actually a certain N. F. Melediu. As noted in the 1980s by Potra, the real Florescu had been causally forgotten, despite being both Bălcescu's heir and, on his own, \"a distinguished scholar, a true \"encyclopédiste\".\" George Călinescu saw Florescu as a characteristic product of the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, his didactic art \"decent\" but \"convoluted and timid, overwhelmed by ideas of classicism\". His lyrical poetry respects all the criteria that he wanted to impose on Eminescu; nonetheless, critics argue, it is not ungraceful, nor devoid of sentiment. However, according to Potra, his 1883 epitaph for Ion Andreescu is \"very dull, in pointless verses which tell us nothing about the value of our great painter.\" As seen by comparatist Marin Bucur, Florescu's work in verse was already culturally irrelevant by 1875. As a literary innovator directly inspired by Catulle Mendès, Florescu tied to popularize a genre prose poetry \"from life\", the so-called \"watercolors\" or \"sanguines\". According to Adrian Marino, these were among the more adequate and modern samples of \"Literatorul\" prose—alongside those by Săvescu, Constantin Cantilli, and D. Teleor; the rest were \"tendentious, abstract\", and \"dependent\" on Macedonski's verdicts. Received with sarcasm by other critics,",
"nonetheless, critics argue, it is not ungraceful, nor devoid of sentiment. However, according to Potra, his 1883 epitaph for Ion Andreescu is \"very dull, in pointless verses which tell us nothing about the value of our great painter.\" As seen by comparatist Marin Bucur, Florescu's work in verse was already culturally irrelevant by 1875. As a literary innovator directly inspired by Catulle Mendès, Florescu tied to popularize a genre prose poetry \"from life\", the so-called \"watercolors\" or \"sanguines\". According to Adrian Marino, these were among the more adequate and modern samples of \"Literatorul\" prose—alongside those by Săvescu, Constantin Cantilli, and D. Teleor; the rest were \"tendentious, abstract\", and \"dependent\" on Macedonski's verdicts. Received with sarcasm by other critics, they include fragments about blind and insane children, or about children sleeping in each other's arms, and, as comparatist Mihai Zamfir argues, were \"experiments [...] pushed into oblivion\" by the more mature Symbolist prose poetry of Ștefan Petică (ca. 1900). His epistolary novel, \"Etiam contra omnes\", depicts the worldview of \"Recaredo\", a Peruvian spiritist and Pan-Latinist intellectual. It impressed a young Take Ionescu, who found Recaredo to be the perfect human, and his racial ideology a symbol of Romania's own discords with her various neighbors. As Florescu informed his readers, these were \"pages written at a time when only literature was my comfort\"—words expressing, again, his enmity for \"Junimea\". The novel, Ionescu believed, had a mission to \"instill Romanianism\", and also to cultivate solidarity between Romanians and Greeks. Florescu also earned some attention as a literary essayist, popularizer, and critic—much inspired by four scholars, whom he deemed the elite of French literature: Abel-François Villemain, Sainte-Beuve, Hippolyte Taine, and Emile Hennequin. Călinescu stresses that Florescu's opening lesson of 1873 was \"a lamentable rigmarole that addressed the issue of historical objectivity\". Later tracts were \"wordy, without proper ranking of values\". According to Bucur, Florescu was an \"amateur\", \"textbook cultivated\", \"a cultural journalist enthusiastic about beauty and culture, taking pains not to fatigue a public that cannot sustain the effort.\" According to Iorga, his exposition was \"always lively, not without fortunate characterizations\"—such as when Florescu depicted Danton as a \"poor man's Mirabeau\". Overall, however, Iorga referred to Florescu as a \"bizarre\" or \"weird\" author. Similarly, the anti-Symbolist Ilarie Chendi viewed Florescu as \"cultured, but ill-regulated\". Although marginally supportive of Symbolism, Florescu was noticeably unimpressed by its herald Baudelaire, and, Bucur writes, \"understood nothing from Mallarmé and Verlaine\". Chendi saw Florescu as the instigator of Romania's Decadent movement, which revolved around a cult for Baudelaire; however, he believed that Florescu's particular contribution was reviving another cult, that of romantic poets: Ion Heliade Rădulescu, Dimitrie Bolintineanu, and Alexandru Depărățeanu, whom Florescu rated \"above Eminescu\". In 1878, he also described a non-Symbolist poet, Ronetti Roman, as a master, Romania's answer to Musset and Heinrich Heine. Some reviewers attribute Macedonski's affection for Florescu to the latter's \"attachment to French culture\" or, more precisely, to Macedonski's snobbery: \"A writer turned proletarian and with relations all across the world, who descended from Michael the Brave, from N. Bălcescu, and from some of the leading princely families, with relatives in Portugal, England and India—that catered to Macedonski's preferences.\" Bonifaciu Florescu Bonifaciu Florescu (first name also Boniface, Bonifacio, Bonifati, last name also Floresco; born Bonifacius Florescu; May 1848 – December 18, 1899) was a Romanian polygraph, the illegitimate son of writer-revolutionary Nicolae Bălcescu. Born secretly outside his parents' native Wallachia, at Pest, he"
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"Mexican whip-poor-will The Mexican whip-poor-will, (\"Antrostomus arizonae\"), is a medium-sized (22–27 cm) nightjar from the southwestern United States and Mexico. The whip-poor-will is more often heard within its range, but less often seen. It is named onomatopoeically after its song. This bird used to be lumped with the eastern whip-poor-will. Each type has a different range and vocalization, the eggs have different coloration, and DNA sequencing shows enough differentiation to separate the two types into different species. Adults have mottled plumage: the upperparts are grey, black and brown; the lower parts are grey and black. They have a very short bill and a black throat. Males have a white patch below the throat and white tips on the outer tail feathers; in the female, these parts are light brown. Their habitat is woodlands of southwestern United States, and Mexico. These birds forage at night, catching insects in flight, and normally sleep during the day. Whip-poor-wills nest on the ground, in shaded locations among dead leaves, and usually lay two eggs at a time. The bird will commonly remain on the nest unless almost stepped upon. Mexican whip-poor-will The Mexican whip-poor-will, (\"Antrostomus arizonae\"), is a medium-sized (22–27 cm) nightjar from the"
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"Aji Saka Aji Saka is a Javanese legend that tells the story about how civilization came to Java, brought by legendary first king of Java named Aji Saka, and the mythical story of Javanese script origin. Aji Saka is said to come from Bhumi Majeti, a mythical location in Jambudvipa (ancient India). His name comes from the Javanese word \"saka\" or \"soko\" meaning essential, important, or in this case primordial. Thus the name Aji Saka literally means \"primordial king\". A more modern interpretation derives his name from the Saka or Indo-Scythian Western Satraps of Gujarat. In either case, the legend is viewed as symbolising the advent of Dharmic Hindu-Buddhist civilization in Java. The legend also holds that Aji Saka was the inventor of the Saka year, or at least the first king that initiated the adoption of this Hindu calendar system in Java. The kingdom of Medang Kamulan was probably linked to the historical Medang Kingdom. The story of Aji Saka defeating a man-eating king has also been interpreted as the downfall of an unpopular local ruler, the rise from cannibalism to civilisation, and perhaps also resistance to Indian faiths by the ruling class. Soon after the gods created and nailed the island of Java to its place, the island become habitable. However the first race that rule the island was the race of \"denawa\" (giant demon) that repressed all creatures and ate humans. The first kingdom in Java was Medang Kamulan, and the king was the Giant King Dewata Cengkar, the cruel King of the country who had a habit to eat human flesh of his own people. One day came a young wise man, by the name of Aji Saka to fight Dewata Cengkar. Aji Saka himself came from Bumi Majeti. One day he told his two servants, by the name of Dora and Sembodo, that he was going to Java. He told them that while he was away, both of them have to guard his Pusaka (heirloom). No one except Aji Saka himself allowed to take the Pusaka. After arriving in Java, Aji Saka moved inland to the kingdom of Medang Kamulan. In the big battle, Aji Saka could successfully push Dewata Cengkar to fall to the Javan Southern Sea (Indian Ocean). Dewata Cengkar did not die, he became a Bajul Putih (White Crocodile). Aji Saka became a ruler of Medang Kamulan. Meanwhile, a woman from the village of Dadapan, found an egg. She put the egg in her \"lumbung\" (rice barn). After a certain period the egg vanished, instead a snake found in the rice barn. The villagers would like to kill the snake, but the snake said : \"I'm the son of Aji Saka, bring me to him\". Aji Saka told the snake, that he would be recognized as his son, if he could kill the Bajul Putih in the South Sea. After a long stormy battle which both sides demonstrating physical strength and showing skillful ability of fighting, the snake could kill Bajul Putih. As had been promised the snake was recognized as Aji Saka's son and he was given a name Jaka Linglung (a stupid boy). In the palace Jaka Linglung greedily ate domestic pets of the palace. He was punished by the King, expelling him to live in the Jungle of Pesanga. He was tightly roped until he could not move his head. He was instructed only to eat things which fall to his mouth. One day, a group of nine village boys were playing around in that Jungle. Suddenly it was raining heavily. They had to find a shelter, luckily there was a cave. Only eight boys went inside the cave, the other one who was suffering from a very bad skin disease, his skin was stinging and he was dirty, he had to stay out of the cave. All of a sudden, the cave fell apart, The eight boys vanished, only the one who stayed outside was safe. The cave in fact was the mouth of Jaka Linglung. Meanwhile, after becoming ruler of the Medang Kamulan kingdom, Aji Saka sent a messenger back home to inform his faithful servants Dora and Sembodo, to bring the pusoko (heirloom) to Java and send them to Aji Saka. Then Dora came to Sembodo and told Aji Saka's order. Sembodo refused since he clearly remembered Aji Saka previous order: no one except Aji Saka himself was allowed to take the pusoko. Dora and Sembodo each felt suspicious towards another, and suspecting each other tried to steal the pusoko. So they fight each other to death. Aji Saka that was curious of why it is taken so long for the two to come to Java, finally came home himself only to discover the body of his two faithful servants and the terrible misunderstanding among them. To remember the faithful acts of his two servants, Aji Saka composed a poem that later become the origin of hanacaraka Javanese script. The Javanese alphabet itself forms a poem, and a perfect pangram, of which the line-by-line translation is as follows.: \"Hana caraka\" There (were) two messengers <br> \"data sawala\" (They) had animosity (among each other)<br> \"padha jayanya\" (They were) equally powerful (in fight)<br> \"maga bathanga\" Here are the corpses. in detail: \"hana\" / \"ana\" = there were/was<br> \"caraka\" = messenger (actually, 'one who is loyal to and trusted by someone')<br> \"data\" = have/has <br> \"sawala\" = difference (regarding a matter) <br> \"padha\" = same, equal <br> \"jayanya\" = 'their power', 'jaya' could mean 'glory' as well <br> \"maga\" = 'here' <br> \"bathanga\" = corpses Aji Saka Aji Saka is a Javanese legend that tells the story about how civilization came to Java, brought by legendary first king of Java named Aji Saka, and the mythical story of Javanese script origin. Aji Saka is said to come from Bhumi Majeti, a mythical location in Jambudvipa (ancient India). His name comes from the Javanese word \"saka\" or \"soko\" meaning essential, important, or in this case primordial. Thus the name Aji"
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"Berezan Island Berezan (Cyrillic: Береза́нь; Ancient Greek: Borysthenes; former ) is an island in the Black Sea at the entrance of the Dnieper-Bug Estuary, Ochakiv Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. It is often being confused with the artificial island of Pervomaisky that is located within Dnieper-Bug Estuary. The Berezan island measures approximately 900 metres in length by 320 metres in width. It is separated from the mainland (to which it may have been connected long ago) by about a mile and a half of shallow water. Berezan was home to one of the earliest Greek colonies (possibly known as Borysthenes, after the Greek name of the Dnieper) in the northern Black Sea region. The island was first settled in the mid-7th century B.C. and was largely abandoned by the end of the 5th century B.C., when Olbia became the dominant colony in the region. In the 5th century BC, Herodotus visited it to gather information about the northern course of the eponymous river. The colony thrived on wheat trade with the Scythian hinterland. In the Middle Ages, the island was of high military importance because it commanded the mouth of the Dnieper. During the period of Kievan Rus’ there was an important station on the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. It was there that Varangians first came into contact with the Greeks. The only Runic inscription in Southern Ukraine, the Berezan' Runestone, was found on the island in 1905, now on exhibit in the Odessa Historical Museum. The inscription seems to have been part of a gravestone over the grave of a Varangian merchant from Gotland. The text reads: \"Grani made this vault in memory of Karl, his partner.\" The control of the estuary (known in East Slavic sources as \"Beloberezhye\", or White Shores) was disputed between Kievan Rus and Byzantium during the multiple Rus'–Byzantine Wars. At last the Rus'–Byzantine Treaty of 944 stipulated that the Rus' could use the island in the summertime, without establishing winter camps in the estuary or oppressing the citizens of Chersonesos fishing off shore. Nevertheless, at the conclusion of Svyatoslav I's war against Byzantium, this overking of Rus was allowed to evacuate his forces from Dorostolon to Beloberezhye, where his troops spent the hungry winter of 971/972. Zaporozhian Cossacks revived Berezan' as a fort during their campaigns against the Crimean Tatars and the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. After the fall of neighbouring Ochakov to the Russians, the island was incorporated with the remainder of New Russia into the Russian Empire. The site of the Greek colony and its necropolis have been periodically excavated since the 19th century; even though the site has suffered from erosion (and the tombs also from looting), the digs produced rich findings (archaic ceramics, inscriptions, etc.). In March 1906, Pyotr Schmidt was executed on Berezan. During World War II, the island became part of the Romanian Transnistria Governorate, along with all of the raion and city of Ochakiv. Berezan Island Berezan (Cyrillic: Береза́нь; Ancient"
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"Forewick Holm Forewick Holm is a island in the Sound of Papa in the Shetland islands, Scotland. located between Papa Stour and the Sandness peninsula. Since 2008 it has also been referred to as Forvik Island as a result of Stuart \"Captain Calamity\" Hill's protest around constitutional matters. About south of Forewick Ness headland on Papa Stour and north of Melby on the Sandness peninsula. A small islet called Scarf's Head is accessible from Forewick Holm at low tide. The island is officially named Forewick Holm. \"Wick\" is an anglicisation of \"vik\", a Norse and modern Norwegian word for \"bay\". \"Får\" is sheep in modern Norwegian, Danish and Swedish. \"Holm\" is a common name in the Orkney and Shetland islands, and elsewhere, for a small, rounded island, an example is Stockholm. There are no records of the island being permanently inhabited at any time, and in 2008 Stuart Hill was residing there for a few days a year. Its small size renders it unable to support any significant population. However, there is some evidence of a circular construction on its SSE tip, which could represent anything from a sheep pen, to a Pictish era building. The SS Highcliffe was wrecked on the islet on 6 February 1940. It was carrying a cargo of iron ore from Narvik, bound for Immingham. Current ownership of the islet is in dispute between Papa Stour resident Mark King and Cunningsburgh resident Stuart Hill. Hill is an Englishman who settled in Shetland after being shipwrecked there in 2001 during a failed attempt to circumnavigate the British Isles, earning him the nickname \"Captain Calamity\". Hill claims that the island's udal title (allodial title) was donated to him in 2008 by the owner Mark King. He claims to have a signed, witnessed document confirming this. King has stated this is not the case, but that he had agreed to sell the island to Hill. In March 2009 King still claimed ownership stating that Hill had not paid for the island as agreed. On 21 June 2008, Hill unilaterally declared Forvik Island to be a British Crown Dependency, and thus not a part of the United Kingdom or of the European Union. Initially the official name was the Crown Dependency of Forvik, although this was later changed to the Sovereign State of Forvik. The name \"Forvik\" was coined by Hill. \"Forvik\" is not a recorded historical form, but a pseudo-Norse version of \"Forewick\", which is the name of a headland on the adjacent island of Papa Stour. In 2008 there were no full-time residents or permanent structures on the island. Hill announced his intention to erect a structure on the island, without planning permission. He travelled to and from the island on a small flat-bottomed plywood home made boat; in September 2008 he had to be rescued by a Coastguard helicopter and RNLI Lifeboat after his vessel began to sink. His boat was described as \"ramshackle\" and a \"floating wardrobe\" and was criticised by his rescuers for having no lifejacket or radio aboard. In July 2008 Hill announced that he was inviting companies to bid for oil exploration rights in Forvik's territorial waters. He claimed what he was trying to do with Forvik is illustrate to Shetlanders what they could achieve if they asserted their legal rights and similarly seceded from the United Kingdom. He is involved in other related secessionist activities in the Shetlands. Hill cited an arrangement struck in 1469 between King Christian I of Denmark/Norway and Scotland's King James III, whereby Christian effectively pawned the Shetland Islands to James in order to raise money for his daughter's dowry. He contended that, as the loan was never repaid and no other legal agreement ever put in place, Shetland remains in a constitutional limbo, and should properly enjoy the status of Crown Dependencies such as the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands. The validity of this was not accepted by the British government. Hill has sold \"citizenships\" for between £60 and £540: in 2008, he had sold around 100. Membership conditions were later changed to £20 per annum, and in 2015 Hill claimed there were 218 members. Hill has refused to pay road tax or insurance to the UK government, instead creating documents issued by Forvik. In 2011 he was found guilty of driving offences arising from this. Forewick Holm Forewick Holm is a island in the Sound of Papa in the Shetland islands, Scotland. located between Papa Stour and the Sandness peninsula. Since 2008 it has also been referred to as Forvik Island as a result of Stuart \"Captain Calamity\" Hill's protest around constitutional matters. About south of Forewick Ness headland on Papa Stour and north of Melby on the Sandness peninsula. A small islet called Scarf's Head is accessible from Forewick Holm at low"
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"About Time (Sabrina Claudio album) About Time is the debut mixtape by American singer Sabrina Claudio. It was released on October 5, 2017, by SC Entertainment. The follow-up to Claudio's previously successful extended play, \"Confidently Lost\", it explores similar genres to its predecessor, namely alternative R&B, indie pop, and soul. Recording sessions for the project took place across 2017. The mixtape album, which also blended elements from electronic, jazz, and Latin music, was supported by two singles: \"Unravel Me\" and \"Belong to You\". The latter saw re-release in the form of a remix with American singer 6lack, which was included as a bonus track on the project. \"Unravel Me\" eventually peaked at number twenty-two on the \"Billboard\" Twitter Emerging Artists chart, while the original version of \"Belong to You\" peaked at number two on the same chart. \"About Time\" received critical acclaim from critics, who specifically directed praise at Claudio's songwriting abilities, and the mixtape's lyrical themes, which largely related to escapism, liberation, loneliness, and romance. Critical reception was also positive for the project's production, which consisted of an overall experimental, minimalist sound crafted from a variety of producers, including Stint, Alex Tanas, and Derek Renfroe, among others. The project's first single titled \"Unravel Me\" was officially released on May 18, 2017, followed by the second single, \"Belong to You\" on July 27, 2017. Both songs were accompanied by official music videos. Claudio announced the mixtape and revealed the track list on October 3, 2017, and on October 4 an official remix for \"Belong to You\" featuring American singer 6lack was premiered by Carl Chery on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 radio show. On the day of the mixtape's release, October 5, 2017, Zane Lowe premiered the track \"Frozen\" on his Beats 1 radio show and interviewed Claudio. About the title of the mixtape, Claudio stated: \"I subconsciously wrote every song having to deal with time in some way, shape or form. I think in these moments I've been so worried about time and then it just kind of translated into my music\". The mixtape received critical acclaim from music critics. A review from \"ThisisRnB\" commented \"Sabrina’s natural sensuality oozes through each track across \"About Time\". Elements of modern soul are combined with her lush harmonies and aural pleasing tones to produce a spectacularly rapturous project\". \"Ones to Watch\" praised the mixtape by saying \"Sabrina Claudio captivates listeners with breathy, sweet vocals and lush arrangements. Claudio wrote all twelve songs on the new release, proving herself an intriguing lyricist with the power to forge her own path in this scene\". About Time (Sabrina Claudio album) About Time is the debut mixtape by American singer Sabrina Claudio. It was released on October 5, 2017, by SC Entertainment. The follow-up to Claudio's previously successful extended play, \"Confidently Lost\", it explores similar genres to its predecessor, namely alternative R&B, indie pop, and soul. Recording sessions for the project took place across 2017. The mixtape album, which also blended elements from electronic, jazz, and Latin"
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"Shemini Atzeret Shemini Atzeret ( – \"Eighth [day of] Assembly\"; Sefardic/Israeli pron. \"shemini atzèret\"; Ashkenazic pron. \"shmini-atsères\") is a Jewish holiday. It is celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei in the Land of Israel, and on the 22nd and 23rd outside the Land, usually coinciding with late September or early October. It directly follows the Jewish festival of Sukkot which is celebrated for \"seven\" days, and thus Shemini Atzeret is literally the \"eighth\" day. It is a separate—yet connected—holy day devoted to the spiritual aspects of the festival of Sukkot. Part of its \"duality\" as a holy day is that it is simultaneously considered to be both connected to Sukkot and also a separate festival in its own right. Outside the Land of Israel, this is further complicated by the additional day added to all Biblical holidays except Yom Kippur. The first day of Shemini Atzeret therefore coincides with the eighth day of Sukkot outside the Land of Israel, leading to sometimes involved analysis as to which practices of each holiday are to apply. The celebration of Simchat Torah is the most distinctive feature of the holiday, but it is a later rabbinical innovation. In the Land of Israel, the celebrations of Shemini Atzeret and Simchat Torah are combined on a single day, and the names are used interchangeably. In the Diaspora, the celebration of Simchat Torah is deferred to the second day of the holiday. Commonly, only the first day is referred to as \"Shemini Atzeret,\" while the second is called \"Simchat Torah.\" Karaite Jews and Samaritans also observe Shemini Atzeret, as they do all Biblical holidays. However, it may occur on a different day from the conventional Jewish celebration, due to differences in calendar calculations. Karaites and Samaritans do not include the rabbinical innovation of Simchat Torah in their observance of the day; and do not observe a second day (of any holiday) in the Diaspora. According to the \"Jewish Encyclopedia\", \"atzeret\" (or \"aẓeret)\" is the name given to this day in four different locations in the Hebrew Bible. It is not mentioned in Deuteronomy 16, and is found only in those parts of the Bible known as the Priestly Code. Like \"atzarah,\" \"atzeret\" denotes \"day of assembly\", from \"atzar\" = \"to hold back\" or \"keep in\"; hence, also the name \"atzeret\" given to the seventh day of Pesaḥ. Owing, however, to the fact that both Shemini Atzeret and the seventh day of Pesaḥ are described as \"atzeret\", the name was taken to mean \"the closing festival\". When Shemini Atzeret is mentioned in the Torah (Pentateuch), it is always mentioned in the context of the seven-day festival of Sukkot, the Feast of Tabernacles, which it immediately follows. For example, Sukkot is described in detail in . Shemini Atzeret is mentioned there only in verses 36 and 39. The Hebrew word \"shemini\" means \"eighth.\" This refers to the date of Shemini Atzeret relative to Sukkot; it falls on the eighth day. It is therefore often assumed that Shemini Atzeret is simply the eighth day of Sukkot. That characterization, however, is only partly accurate. The celebration of Sukkot is characterized by the use of the \"sukkah\" (booth or tabernacle) and the Four Species (tree branches and fruit used in the celebration). However, the Torah specifies use of those objects for seven days only, not eight. The observance of Shemini Atzeret therefore differs in substantial ways from that of Sukkot. The Talmud describes Shemini Atzeret with the words \"a holiday in its own right\" \"(regel bifnei atzmo)\". The Talmud describes six ways in which Shemini Atzeret differs from Sukkot. Four of these relate principally to the Temple service. Two others remain relevant to modern celebration of the holiday. First, the blessing known as \"Shehecheyanu\" is recited on the night of Shemini Atzeret, just as it is on the first night of all other major Jewish holidays. Second, the holiday is referred to distinctively as \"Shemini Atzeret\" and not as \"Sukkot\" in the prayer service. Immediately below that discussion, however, the Talmud describes Shemini Atzeret as the \"end holiday of the festival [of Sukkot]\". The context here is that the Sukkot obligations of joy and recitation of Hallel (Psalms 113–118) last eight days. This is also why one of Sukkot's liturgical aliases, \"Time of Our Happiness\" \"(zman simḥatenu)\", continues to be used to describe Shemini Atzeret (and by extension Simchat Torah) in prayers. Shemini Atzeret is therefore simultaneously \"a holiday in its own right\" and the \"end holiday of [Sukkot]\". Spiritually, Shemini Atzeret can also be seen to \"guard the seven days of Sukkot\". The Hebrew word \"atzeret\" is generally translated as \"assembly\", but shares a linguistic root with the word \"atzor\", meaning \"stop\" or \"tarry\". Shemini Atzeret is characterized as a day when the Jewish people \"tarries\" to spend an additional day with God at the end of Sukkot. Rashi cites the parable of a king who invites his sons to dine with him for a number of days, but when the time comes for them to leave, he asks them to stay for another day, since it is difficult for him to part from them. According to this idea, Sukkot is a universal holiday, but Shemini Atzeret is only for the Jewish people. Moreover, Shemini Atzeret is a modest holiday, just to celebrate [God's] special relationship with His beloved nation. A different, but related, interpretation is offered by Yaakov Zevi Mecklenburg, who translates \"atzeret\" as \"retain\": \"During the holiday season, we have experienced a heightened religious fervor and a most devout spirit. This last day is devoted to a recapitulation of the message of these days, with the hope that it will be retained the rest of the year\". The day prior to Shemini Atzeret is the last day of Sukkot. Called Hoshana Rabbah, it is unique and different from the other days of Sukkot. While it is part of the intermediate Sukkot days known as Chol HaMoed, Hoshana Rabbah has extra prayers and rituals and is treated and practiced much more seriously and festively than the previous days of Chol HaMoed. In particular during the morning prayer service of Hoshana Rabbah, there are seven \"hoshanot\" with their own seven \"hakafot\", the \"seven processions\". This sets the stage, in ritual, mood, tenor and a heightened sense of festivity, for the days that follow it—namely, of Shemini Atzeret, when seven \"hakafot\" are again performed. The \"Jewish Encyclopedia\" states that during the time of the Second Temple, the festival of Shavuot received the specific name of \"'Atzarta\" as cited by Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews (iii. 10, § 6) and in the Talmud's tractate Pesahim (42b, 68b), signifying \"the closing feast\" of Passover. and commenting on this fact, the Rabbis in tractate Pesahim say that: These religious celebrations conclude the process that had begun on the days of Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish new year) and Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, observed ten days after the start of Rosh Hashanah. Five days after the conclusion of Yom Kippur, Sukkot begins, regarded as the celebration of the anticipated Divine \"good judgment\" that was hopefully granted on the High Holy Days (Rosh Hashanah + the Ten Days of Repentance + Yom Kippur) and then Hoshana Rabbah + Shemini Atzeret + Simchat Torah culminate the process of open celebration and festivity with joyous prayers, festive meals, and hours of dancing holding the Torah scroll/s at the center of attention during the \"hakafot\" in the synagogue. The Torah explicitly mentions Shemini Atzeret three times, all in the context of Sukkot. Only two observances are specified for Shemini Atzeret. One relates to the Temple service, and is not relevant to modern observance. The other is the avoidance of \"servile labor\" \"(melechet avodah),\" as on other major Jewish holidays. \"(See also Jewish holidays — \"Work\" on Sabbath and biblical holidays.)\" No other specific rituals or ritual objects are specified, making Shemini Atzeret unique in that regard",
"Days of Repentance + Yom Kippur) and then Hoshana Rabbah + Shemini Atzeret + Simchat Torah culminate the process of open celebration and festivity with joyous prayers, festive meals, and hours of dancing holding the Torah scroll/s at the center of attention during the \"hakafot\" in the synagogue. The Torah explicitly mentions Shemini Atzeret three times, all in the context of Sukkot. Only two observances are specified for Shemini Atzeret. One relates to the Temple service, and is not relevant to modern observance. The other is the avoidance of \"servile labor\" \"(melechet avodah),\" as on other major Jewish holidays. \"(See also Jewish holidays — \"Work\" on Sabbath and biblical holidays.)\" No other specific rituals or ritual objects are specified, making Shemini Atzeret unique in that regard among the festivals mentioned in the Torah. Two observances of Shemini Atzeret are mentioned in the Prophets and Writings portions of the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). The first occurred at the time of the dedication of the First Temple by Solomon. The second came at the time of the Jews' return from the Babylonian exile. In both cases, however, the mention is limited to the observation that an \"assembly \"[atzeret]\" was held on the eighth day\". According to the Apocryphal Second Book of Maccabees, the first celebration of Hanukkah mimicked that of Sukkot, which the Maccabees and their followers had been unable to celebrate earlier that year. However, the only allusion to Shemini Atzeret in that narrative is that the Hanukkah celebration was fixed for eight days—in remembrance of both the seven days of Sukkot and the additional day of Shemini Atzeret. Like most Jewish holidays of Biblical origin, Shemini Atzeret is observed for one day within the Land of Israel, and traditionally for two days outside Israel. Reform and Reconstructionist communities generally celebrate this and most Biblical holidays for one day, even outside Israel. The second day observed outside Israel is called \"Simchat Torah\" (see next section). The practice of reading the last of the weekly Torah portions on Shemini Atzeret is documented in the Talmud. That Talmudic source does not refer to the occasion as \"Simchat Torah\", but simply as [the second day of] Shemini Atzeret. The Simchat Torah celebration of today is of later rabbinic and customary origin. The day (but not the name) is mentioned in the \"siddur\" of Rav Amram Gaon (9th century CE); the assignment of the first chapter of Joshua as the \"haftarah\" of the day is mentioned there. The reading of the first section of Genesis immediately upon the conclusion of the last section of Deuteronomy—as well as the name \"Simchat Torah\"—can be found in the 14th century \"halachic\" work \"Arba'ah Turim.\" By the 16th century CE, most of the features of the modern celebration of Simchat Torah were in place in some form. The Simchat Torah celebration is now the most distinctive feature of this festival—so much so that in the Land of Israel, where Shemini Atzeret lasts only one day, it is more common to refer to the day as \"Simchat Torah\" than as \"Shemini Atzeret\". In the 20th century, Simchat Torah came to symbolize the public assertion of Jewish identity. The Jews of the Soviet Union, in particular, would celebrate the festival \"en masse\" in the streets of Moscow. On October 14, 1973, more than 100,000 Jews took part in a post-Simchat Torah rally in New York city on behalf of refuseniks and Soviet Jewry. Dancing in the street with the Torah has become part of the holiday's ritual in various Jewish congregations in the United States as well. In Israel, many communities conduct \"Hakafot shniyot,\" or \"Second \"hakafot\",\" on the day after Shemini Atzeret. In part, this shows solidarity with Jewish communities outside Israel, which are still celebrating Simchat Torah (on the second day of the festival). At the same time, it allows for a Simchat Torah celebration unconstrained by festival work restrictions, since the festival is over in Israel according to Jewish law. Outside Israel, where Shemini Atzeret is observed for two days, Simchat Torah is deferred to the second day, when all agree there is no obligation of \"sukkah\". In Israel—and for different reasons in Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism—none of the unique observances of Sukkot (\"sukkah\", \"lulav\" and \"etrog\") carry over to Shemini Atzeret. Shemini Atzeret is a holiday in its own right, without \"sukkah\", \"lulav\" and \"etrog\". At the same time, by the rabbinic decree to add one day to all holidays outside the Land of Israel, both Passover and Sukkot, although described in the Torah as seven-day holidays, are observed outside the Land of Israel for eight days. Accordingly, the \"eighth day of Sukkot\" outside Israel coincides with the separate holiday of Shemini Atzeret. Psalm 27, which is recited in most communities twice daily starting at the beginning of Elul, continues to be recited on Shemini Atzeret outside the Land of Israel. When Shemini Atzeret falls on the Shabbat, the Scroll of Ecclesiastes, or Kohelet (, otherwise read in Ashkenazi synagogues on the Shabbat of Sukkot), is read on that day outside the Land of Israel. In the Land of Israel, it would have been read on the first day of Sukkot, which would also have been on Shabbat. The Torah reading (Deuteronomy 14:22–16:17) is the same as on the Final Day of Passover and Second Day of Shavuot. However, unlike Passover and Shavuot, the full length of the Torah reading is included on Shemini Atzeret even when the day does not fall on the Shabbat because the reading refers to separation of agricultural gifts (like tithes and \"terumah\"), which are due at this time of the year. The Haftarah describes the people's blessing of King Solomon at the end of the dedication of the First Temple. The prevalent practice is that one eats in the \"sukkah\" on the eighth day, but without reciting the blessing (\"berakhah\") for sitting in a \"sukkah\". However, one does not take the \"lulav\" and \"etrog\" (nor does one sleep in the \"sukkah\" according to most opinions) on the eighth day. If someone sees a neighbor on the street with a \"lulav\" and \"etrog\" on the eighth day, the rabbis reason, s/he might mistakenly assume that it is still the seventh day (\"ḥol hamoed\"), when the \"lulav\" and \"etrog\" are still needed. S/he might then violate prohibitions of the \"yom tov\" of the eighth day. For that reason, the rabbis ruled that one should not take the \"lulav\" and \"etrog\" on the eighth day, even outside the Land of Israel. They are therefore \"muktzah\"; that is, one may not even move them on a holiday where they are not needed. Sleeping in the \"sukkah\" brings a similar discussion. Additionally, most people would prefer to sleep indoors at this point in the year due to the weather, so sleeping in the \"sukkah\" may impinge on one's own joy during the festival. This is why the rabbis ruled that one does not sleep in the \"sukkah\" on Shemini Atzeret, even outside the Land of Israel. Other rabbis, such as the Vilna Gaon, ruled that one should sleep in the \"sukkah\" on Shemini Atzeret outside the Land of Israel. Eating in the \"sukkah\" does not cause a parallel problem because many people simply enjoy eating outdoors in the shade of a \"sukkah\". Hence, seeing someone eating in a \"sukkah\" does not \"per se\" lead one to assume it is still \"ḥol hamoed\". Likewise, eating in the \"sukkah\" does not \"per se\" impinge on one's own celebration of Shemini Atzeret. Therefore, the prevalent practice is to eat in the \"sukkah\" on Shemini Azeret outside the Land of Israel, but not to recite the \"berakhah\" for sitting in a \"sukkah\", as reciting it would \"impinge\" on the unique status of Shemini Atzeret. There are, however, those who have different \"minhagim\" (customs). Many Hasidic groups have a tradition to recite the morning \"kiddush\" and then have refreshments (such as cake) in the \"sukkah\", but to eat both the evening and morning main meals inside, notwithstanding the Talmudic ruling to the contrary. Others eat the",
"in the shade of a \"sukkah\". Hence, seeing someone eating in a \"sukkah\" does not \"per se\" lead one to assume it is still \"ḥol hamoed\". Likewise, eating in the \"sukkah\" does not \"per se\" impinge on one's own celebration of Shemini Atzeret. Therefore, the prevalent practice is to eat in the \"sukkah\" on Shemini Azeret outside the Land of Israel, but not to recite the \"berakhah\" for sitting in a \"sukkah\", as reciting it would \"impinge\" on the unique status of Shemini Atzeret. There are, however, those who have different \"minhagim\" (customs). Many Hasidic groups have a tradition to recite the morning \"kiddush\" and then have refreshments (such as cake) in the \"sukkah\", but to eat both the evening and morning main meals inside, notwithstanding the Talmudic ruling to the contrary. Others eat the evening meal of Shemini Atzeret indoors but the day meal in the \"sukkah\". Each of these approaches addresses aspects of the dual nature of Shemini Atzeret. The Land of Israel's agriculture depends heavily on rains that come only seasonally, so Jewish prayers for rain, such as \"Tefillat Geshem\" or \"Tikun Geshem\" (Rain Prayer) are prominent during the Land of Israel's rainy (winter) half of the year. The rainy season starts just after the fall Jewish holidays. Because of that, and because the \"sukkah\" (and, by extension, pleasant weather) is no longer required on Shemini Atzeret, Jews begin to ask for rain starting with the Musaf \"amidah\" prayer of Shemini Atzeret. This prayer is recited in a traditional, distinctive, plaintive melody during the cantor's repetition of the \"amidah\". In most Ashkenazi synagogues, the cantor is clad in a white \"kittel,\" a symbol of piety, owing to the vitality of a positive judgment for rain. A brief mention of rain continues to be inserted in the \"amidah\" until Passover. The Yizkor memorial service is also recited in Ashkenazi synagogues on this day. Recital of the Yizkor prayer is said to bring the person \"closer to the cold and brittle part of mourning\", and is necessary to promote the healing of a broken heart. As a biblically-mentioned holiday, Shemini Atzeret is also observed by Karaites and Samaritans: For Karaites, followers of a branch of Judaism that accepts the Written Law, but not the Oral Law, Shemini Atzeret is observed as a single day of rest, not associated with the practices of \"Simchat Torah,\" which are a rabbinic innovation. Nevertheless, the Karaite cycle of weekly Torah reading, like the Rabbinic cycle, reaches its conclusion on Shemini Atzeret. Accordingly, in at least some Karaite circles, this day is referred to by the name of \"Simchat Torah.\" Additionally, calculation of the Karaite calendar is not based on astronomical calculations, but only on direct observation of the New Moon and the ripening of barley. Because of that, the 22nd day of the 7th month does not necessarily fall on the same date as 22 Tishrei in the (conventional, Rabbinic) Jewish calendar. In 2015, Shemini Atzeret fell on October 7 for Karaites, two days later than in the conventional Jewish calendar. In 2016, Shemini Atzeret fell on the same day according to both calendars. Samaritans, followers of an Abrahamic religion closely related to Judaism that recognizes only the first five (or six) books of the Bible as canonical, celebrate only one day of Shemini Atzeret. Shemini Atzeret Shemini Atzeret ( – \"Eighth [day of] Assembly\"; Sefardic/Israeli pron. \"shemini atzèret\"; Ashkenazic pron. \"shmini-atsères\") is a Jewish holiday. It is celebrated on the 22nd day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei in the Land of Israel, and on"
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"Washington Avenue Historic District (Philadelphia) Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located in the Hawthorne neighborhood of South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It encompasses eight contributing buildings built between 1889 and 1927. They are large industrial buildings that were occupied by the Main Belting Company, John Williams Company and C. J. Milne textile manufacturers, John Wanamaker clothing factory, Curtis Publishing, American Cigar Company, John Wyeth Laboratories, and National Licorice. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Washington Avenue was a district of manufacturing plants and factories that was also known as the \"workshop of the world\" up until mid 20th century (1950s). The avenue was home to the Curtis Publishing Company printing press, \"... which printed Ladies Home Journal and Saturday Evening Post, and the locally renowned merchant John Wanamaker’s.\" The Washington Avenue Historic District is served by SEPTA's Route 64 bus. Several other transit routes cross Washington Avenue, most important being the subsurface Broad Street Line with its station at Ellsworth-Federal. Washington Avenue Historic District (Philadelphia) Washington Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located in the Hawthorne neighborhood of South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It encompasses eight contributing buildings built between 1889 and"
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"2018 Super 6 Baseball Tournament The 2018 Super 6 Baseball Tournament was an international baseball tournament organized by Confederation of European Baseball and the World Baseball Softball Confederation. It was held from September 18 to 23, 2018 in Hoofddorp, Netherlands. It was organized by the Royal Dutch Baseball and Softball Association (KNBSB), the City of Hoofddorp and the local baseball club Hoofddorp Pioniers. It was featured by the top 6 nations of the 2016 European Championship. The top six teams of the 2016 European Championship qualified automatically for the tournament. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Minimum 2.7 plate appearances per game <nowiki>*</nowiki> Minimum 1.0 inning pitched per game 2018 Super 6 Baseball Tournament The 2018 Super 6 Baseball Tournament was an international baseball tournament organized by Confederation of European Baseball and the World Baseball Softball Confederation. It was held from September 18 to 23, 2018 in Hoofddorp, Netherlands. It was organized by the Royal Dutch Baseball and Softball Association (KNBSB), the City of Hoofddorp and the local baseball club Hoofddorp Pioniers. It was featured by the top 6 nations of the 2016 European Championship. The top six teams of the 2016 European Championship qualified automatically for the tournament. <nowiki>*</nowiki> Minimum 2.7 plate appearances per"
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"Pud Pud in Weird World Pud Pud in Weird World (also known simply as Pud Pud) is a computer game published by Ocean Software in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum. It was written by Jonathan Smith. Smith was paid £1000 for \"Pud Pud\" by Ocean Software and was given a job at Ocean as a direct result of the game. Pud Pud is trapped in Weird World and needs to escape. He must explore Weird World looking for ten puddings and avoiding the deadly kiss of Mrs Pud Pud. The player controls Pud Pud (who resembles a round pudding with wings or feet depending on whether he's walking or flying) and must explore the maze-like Weird World. Pud Pud has a limited amount of energy which needs to be topped up by eating certain creatures that live in Weird World although other creatures, which drain his energy if eaten, must be avoided. If Pud Pud runs out of energy he loses one of his three lives. Mrs Pud Pud occasionally appears on the screen and is similar to Pud Pud but white and wearing high heels. If she touches Pud Pud he loses a life instantly, regardless of his energy status although the player will receive a bonus score based on how much energy was remaining when Mrs Pud Pud delivered her kiss. Pud Pud can obtain an extra life by collecting all ten hidden puddings. The puddings are spread randomly through the maze with only one being in the maze at a time. When all ten are collected, Pud Pud can escape Weird World. Pud Pud in Weird World Pud Pud in Weird World (also known simply as Pud Pud) is a computer game published by Ocean Software in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum. It was written by Jonathan"
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"Ryū Murakami Murakami was born in Sasebo, Nagasaki on 19 February 1952. The name \"Ryūnosuke\" was taken from the protagonist in \"Daibosatsu-tōge\", a work of fiction by . Murakami attended school in Sasebo. While a student in senior high, he joined in forming a rock band called Coelacanth, as the drummer. In the summer of his third year in senior high, Murakami and his colleagues barricaded the rooftop of his high school and he was placed under house arrest for three months. During this time, he had an encounter with hippie culture, which had a strong influence on him. After graduating from high school in 1970, Murakami formed another rock band and produced some 8-millimeter indie films. He enrolled in the silkscreen department at Gendaishichosha School of Art in Tokyo, but dropped out in the first year. In October 1972, he moved to Fussa, Tokyo and was accepted for the sculpture program at Musashino Art University. In the early 1990s, Murakami devoted himself to disseminating Cuban music in Japan and established a label, \"Murakami's\", within Sony Music. Murakami started the e-magazine \"JMM\" (Japan Mail Media) in 1999 and still serves as its chief editor. Since 2006, he has also hosted a talk show on business and finance called \"Kanburia Kyuden\", broadcast on TV Tokyo. The co-host is Eiko Koike. In the same year, he began a video streaming service, RVR (Ryu's Video Report). In 2010, he established a company, , to sell and produce eBooks. Murakami's first work was the short novel \"Almost Transparent Blue\", written while he was still a university student. It deals with promiscuity and drug use among disaffected youth. Critically acclaimed as a new style of literature, it won the Gunzo Prize for New Writers in 1976, despite some objections on the grounds of decadence. Later the same year, his \"Blue\" won the Akutagawa Prize, going on to become a bestseller. In 1980, Murakami published a much longer novel, \"Coin Locker Babies\", again to critical acclaim, and won the 3rd Noma Liberal Arts New Member Prize. Next came the autobiographical novel \"69\", and then \"Ai to Gensou no Fascism\" (1987), revolving around the struggle to reform Japan’s survival-of-the-fittest society with a secret \"Hunting Society\". His work \"Topaz\" (1988) concerns a sado-masochistic woman’s radical expression of her sexuality. Murakami's \"The World in Five Minutes From Now\" (1994) is written as a point of view in a parallel universe version of Japan, and was nominated for the 30th Tanizaki Prize. In 1996 he continued his autobiography \"69\", and released the \"Murakami Ryū Movie and Novel Collection\". He also won the Taiko Hirabayashi Prize. The same year, he wrote the novel \"Topaz II\", about a female high school student engaged in \"compensated dating\", which later was adapted as the live-action film \"Love and Pop\" by anime director Hideaki Anno. His \"Popular Hits of the Showa Era\" concerns the escalating firepower in a battle between five teenage male and five middle-aged female social rejects. In 1997 came the psychological thriller novel \"In the Miso Soup\", set in Tokyo's Kabuki-cho red-light district, which won him the Yomiuri Prize for Fiction that year. \"Parasites\" (\"Kyōsei chū\", 2000) is about a young hikikomori fascinated by war. It won him the 36th Tanizaki Prize. The same year \"Exodus From Hopeless Japan\" (\"Kibō no Kuni no Exodus\") told of junior high school students who lose their desire to be involved in normal Japanese society and instead create a new one over the internet. In 2001, Murakami became involved in his friend Ryuichi Sakamoto's group NML \"No More Landmines\", which sets out to remove landmines from former battle sites around the world. In 2004, Murakami announced the publication of \"13 Year Old Hello Work\", aimed at increasing interest in young people who are entering the workforce. \"Hantō wo Deyo\" (2005) is about an invasion of Japan by North Korea. It won him the Noma Liberal Arts Prize and . The novel \"Audition\" was made into a feature film by Takashi Miike. Murakami reportedly liked it so much he gave Miike his blessing to adapt \"Coin Locker Babies.\" The screenplay for the latter was worked on by director Jordan Galland but Miike failed to raise enough funding for it. An adaptation directed by Michele Civetta is currently in production. In 2011, \"Utau Kujira\" won the . Ryū Murakami Murakami was born in Sasebo, Nagasaki on 19 February 1952. The name \"Ryūnosuke\" was taken from the protagonist in \"Daibosatsu-tōge\", a work of fiction by . Murakami attended school in Sasebo. While a student in senior high, he joined in forming a rock band called Coelacanth, as the drummer. In the summer of his third year in senior high, Murakami and his colleagues barricaded the rooftop of his high school and he was placed under house arrest for three"
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"Ikramullah Khan Dharejo Ikramullah Khan Dharejo is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from May 2013 to May 2018. He was born on 17 April 1973. He has Bachelors of Arts degree from Shah Abdul Latif University in Khairpur. He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) from Constituency PS-6 (Sukkur-II) in Pakistani general election, 2008. He received 29,633 votes and defeated Ali Nawaz Khan Mehar. He was re-elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PS-3 (Sukkur-II) in Pakistani general election, 2013. In August 2016, he was into provincial Sindh cabinet of Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah and was appointed as Provincial Minister of Sindh for co-operatives. He was re-elected to Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of PPP from Constituency PS-22 (Sukkur-I) in Pakistani general election, 2018. Ikramullah Khan Dharejo Ikramullah Khan Dharejo is a Pakistani politician who had been a Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh, from May 2013 to May 2018. He was born on 17 April 1973. He has Bachelors of Arts degree from Shah Abdul Latif University in"
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"Geoffrey Eggleston Geoffrey Eggleston (15 January 1944 – 2 December 2008), more usually known as \"Geoff\", was an Australian poet, prominent in the performance poetry scene. He was the original organizer of the Montsalvat Poetry Festival at the Montsalvat artists' colony in Eltham, Victoria. He and Paul Smith edited the \"Whole Earth Sun-Moon Review\" which started in 1973, and appeared three times a year. The notes in the National Library of Australia catalogue describe the periodical as: \"Poetry fiction ecology reviews articles cooking mysticism society humour theatre much much more\". The Geoffrey Eggleston Manuscript Collection is housed in the Australian Special Research Collection of the University College Library at Australian Defence Force Academy. Geoffrey Eggleston Geoffrey Eggleston (15 January 1944 – 2 December 2008), more usually known as \"Geoff\", was an Australian poet, prominent in the performance poetry scene. He was the original organizer of the Montsalvat Poetry Festival at the Montsalvat artists' colony in Eltham, Victoria. He and Paul Smith edited the \"Whole Earth Sun-Moon Review\" which started in 1973, and appeared three times a year. The notes in the National Library of Australia catalogue describe the periodical as: \"Poetry fiction ecology reviews articles cooking mysticism society humour theatre"
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"Sonyae Elise Sonyae Elise (born July 10, 1992 in New Jersey) is an American singer-songwriter based in Los Angeles who won the inaugural and only series of \"Platinum Hit\", a \"Bravo\" American television channel show about new songwriters. Her prizes included $100,000 as a cash prize, an RCA/Jive Records contract and a publishing deal with The Writing Camp. According to her interview with \"Billboard\" Magazine, she does not read music nor can she play any instruments. \"I have a lot of old stuff at my mother's house, notebooks and things with scripts and lyrics written in them. I did a lot of theater -- 'Grease,' 'The Lion King' -- and I wanted to write music for plays. Lyrics came naturally to me. I listened to a lot of pop music and KRS-One and MC Lyte and I saw (writing) as a way to express my thoughts.\" For her winning song, she wrote \"My Religion\" which was released as a single after her victory. Credits and appearances are courtesy of Discogs and AllMusic. Sonyae Elise Sonyae Elise (born July 10, 1992 in New Jersey) is an American singer-songwriter based in Los Angeles who won the inaugural and only series of \"Platinum"
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"Brian Dansel Brian Ross Dansel (born April 2, 1983) is an American politician, political advisor, and current head of Washington state's Farm Service Agency. Before that he served as a Special Assistant to the United States Secretary of Agriculture in the administration of Donald Trump. He was previously a Republican member of the Washington State Senate from the 7th Legislative District. Dansel won the seat in the 2013 election, in which he defeated appointed senator John Smith, and was sworn in on December 6, 2013. In a letter to the Washington State Office of Governor dated January 24, 2017, Dansel resigned as senator for the seventh district and vacated his seat after accepting a position with the Trump Administration as a Special Assistant to the Secretary of Agriculture. In early November, he returned to Washington state to be the director of the state's USDA Farm Service Agency. Brian Dansel Brian Ross Dansel (born April 2, 1983) is an American politician, political advisor, and current head of Washington state's Farm Service Agency. Before that he served as a Special Assistant to the United States Secretary of Agriculture in the administration of Donald Trump. He was previously a Republican member of the"
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"Chen Show Mao Chen Show Mao (; born 6 February 1961) is a Taiwanese-born Singaporean politician and lawyer. He is a member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), and has been a member of parliament (MP) for the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (Aljunied GRC) since 7 May 2011. He represents the Paya Lebar ward, replacing PAP's Cynthia Phua. Chen was born in Taiwan and moved to Singapore at the age of 11. He studied at Nanyang Primary School, Catholic High School and Anglo-Chinese School. Although Chen had yet to become a Singapore citizen, he chose to perform compulsory military service, officially known as National Service (NS) in Singapore. While in NS, Chen was an infantry platoon commander at the Fifth Singapore Infantry Regiment (5SIR) and as Brigade Adjutant, or DYS1, at the headquarters of the Third Singapore Infantry Brigade (3SIB). He became a Singapore citizen in 1986, six years after serving National Service. Chen was the president of the students' council at National Junior College and graduated as the top student in Singapore for the 1979 GCE Advanced Level examinations, scoring distinctions in various subjects. Chen graduated as the top student for the 1979 GCE Advanced Level examinations, ahead of peers Vivian Balakrishnan and Lui Tuck Yew. Chen however did not gain admission into the local medical school. Thereupon, he pursued his undergraduate studies with major in economics at Harvard University. In 1986, Chen graduated from Harvard University and from Corpus Christi College, Oxford in 1988, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. In 1992 Chen received his Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School and in 2005 received his Master of Arts from Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Chen is a partner in the Corporate department of Davis Polk & Wardwell and a managing partner of the Beijing office. An experienced lawyer, he has practised in the New York office since 1992, the Hong Kong office since 1999 and the Beijing office since 2007. Chen advised the Agricultural Bank of China on its US$22 billion initial public offering (IPO), which was the largest IPO in history when it completed in August 2010. He also advised the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) on its US$21 billion IPO, as well as China National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) on its proposed US$19 billion acquisition of Unocal. Chen also completed the global IPOs of Air China, China Construction Bank, China Unicom, Metallurgical Corp. of China, Sinopec, as well as offerings by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Besides China, Chen has completed international securities offerings and M&A transactions by various companies including Acer, ASE, Asus, AU Optronics, BHP, Foxconn, Freeport-McMoran, HTC, TSMC and UMC. He also worked with financial institutions such as JP Morgan Chase and Morgan Stanley, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China (ROC). Beyond that, Chen has worked with sovereign wealth funds such as the China Investment Corporation (CIC), the Development Fund of the ROC and also advised the Shanghai, Hong Kong and Taiwan Stock Exchanges on proposed regulations. Chen was named one of American Lawyer's 2010 \"Dealmakers of the Year\" in April 2011. Before he began full-time practice as a corporate lawyer, Show Mao worked at a number of research institutions such as Ralph Nader’s Centre for Study of Responsive Law (CSRL), the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the Research & Planning and Enforcement divisions of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). On 1 July 2011, Chen announced on his Facebook page that he had retired from active practice as a partner of his law firm given his new responsibilities as an MP. The decision was made so that he can spend more time with his family, to better serve his constituency and country, and that he would be exploring alternative work arrangements. During his time abroad, Chen regularly returned home to Singapore to visit his parents, his sister and her family. Chen stated that he joined the WP because he believed that \"the best way to ensure good governance for Singapore is through the growth of a competitive opposition that offers a credible alternative to the party in government\". During an interview, Chen frankly explained why he decided to join the WP On 27 April 2011, Chen submitted his candidacy for the five-member Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (Aljunied GRC) with the WP's Secretary-General Low Thia Khiang, Chairman Sylvia Lim, Pritam Singh, a postgraduate law student, and Muhamad Faisal Abdul Manap, a freelance counsellor. The incumbent team included two cabinet ministers and one Senior Minister of State, and was helmed by the prominent Minister for Foreign Affairs, George Yeo. During the intense nine-day campaign period that followed, Chen was singled out by leaders of the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) for criticism. The PAP's Organising Secretary and Minister for Education, Ng Eng Hen, questioned Chen's motives for entering politics in a letter to \"The Straits Times\". Ng also questioned whether Chen would be able to relate to the aspirations of Singaporeans after having spent most of his career in the United States and China. The PAP's co-founder and former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew also suggested that Chen could return to China after losing in the election. Throughout the campaign, Chen kept a low profile when the WP was faced with tough questions, instead allowing frontman Low Thia Khiang to take the heat. He displayed his affinity with regular Singaporean culture and Singaporeans by addressing crowds at rallies with smatterings of Malay and Hokkien to dispel the notion that he was a \"foreigner\", as he had spent many years abroad. He also highlighted at a WP rally that he came to Singapore at a young age with his parents and sister, that he served National Service, and that he owns an apartment in Bishan and frequently commutes by train. On 7 May 2011, Chen and his WP team won the Aljunied GRC with 54.71% of the total votes cast, with Yeo's PAP team obtaining 45.29% of the votes. The victory was considered historic because it was the first time that GRC seats had been captured by an opposition party, and the first time that two cabinet ministers had lost their parliamentary seats in a general election. Chen became the first foreign-born opposition MP in the history of Singapore, while his teammates Sylvia Lim and Muhamad Faisal Manap became the first female opposition MP and the first Malay opposition MP respectively. Also, together with Pritam Singh and Muhamad Faisal bin Abdul Manap, he became one of the first three opposition MPs to be elected into parliament at the first attempt. In the Singapore General Election 2015, the WP candidates successfully defended Aljunied GRC against a PAP team with no political experience. Their vote share was reduced to 50.95%. In May 2016, Chen challenged the incumbent Secretary-General and leader of the Workers’ Party Low Thia Khiang for the position and lost. In September of the same year, it was reported by the press that Chen quit as Treasuer but still remained on the Exco. Chen however clarified that his tenure ended. On 15 October 2011, it was announced that Chen was nominated to sit on the Committee of Selection, making him the first non-People's Action Party MP to be named to this committee. In his maiden speech in Parliament, Chen stated how he saw himself as an opposition MP, saying that \"I may challenge government policy ... perform my role to voice alternative and opposing views ... but it does not mean I do not support the government in its work\". Chen further added that \"I am not the enemy of the government. I am a Singaporean, a patriot.\" During the Ministerial Salary Review debate in January 2012, Chen further expressed his opinion that political office is a calling and should neither be treated as a discount factor, nor be monetised. Together with his fellow WP opposition MPs, Chen questioned",
"15 October 2011, it was announced that Chen was nominated to sit on the Committee of Selection, making him the first non-People's Action Party MP to be named to this committee. In his maiden speech in Parliament, Chen stated how he saw himself as an opposition MP, saying that \"I may challenge government policy ... perform my role to voice alternative and opposing views ... but it does not mean I do not support the government in its work\". Chen further added that \"I am not the enemy of the government. I am a Singaporean, a patriot.\" During the Ministerial Salary Review debate in January 2012, Chen further expressed his opinion that political office is a calling and should neither be treated as a discount factor, nor be monetised. Together with his fellow WP opposition MPs, Chen questioned the 2013 Population White Paper. In his speech on 5 February 2014, Chen proposed instead to increase the resident workforce growth of Singapore citizens and permanent residents by up to 1% per year till 2030. He also proposed that the foreign workforce size be held constant except when growth targets for the resident labour force are not met. Previously, Chen had suggested redefining industry segments when considering the issue of foreign worker dependency. Within parliament and at WP election rallies, Chen has called for more recognition and support for older Singaporean, including the promotion of industries catering to the older population. He has also called for welfare and government support for older Singaporeans and their caregivers to be more accessible. Chen and his fellow WP colleagues have called for acknowledging the contributions of matured Singaporean workers. In addition to older Singaporeans, Chen also advocated for investing in the poorer, disabled segments of society, terming this as \"unlocking social value\". Other subjects Chen has spoken on in parliament include angel funding for the arts, data protection, casino control, and scholarships for regional studies. Chen is married. He and his wife had three children, one of whom is deceased. His wife, a homemaker, was born in Taiwan but grew up in Indonesia. His wife and children are US citizens. Chen Show Mao Chen Show Mao (; born 6 February 1961) is a Taiwanese-born Singaporean politician and lawyer. He is a member of the opposition Workers' Party (WP), and has been a member of parliament (MP) for the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency (Aljunied GRC) since 7 May 2011. He represents the Paya Lebar ward, replacing PAP's Cynthia Phua. Chen was born in Taiwan and"
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"Nuffield Health Nuffield Health is the largest not-for-profit healthcare provider in the United Kingdom. Established in 1957 the charity operates 31 Nuffield Health Hospitals and 111 Nuffield Health Fitness & Wellbeing Gyms. It is independent of the National Health Service and is constituted as a registered charity. Its objectives are to 'advance, promote and maintain health and healthcare of all descriptions and to prevent, relieve and cure sickness and ill health of any kind, all for the public benefit.' As a private provider, fees are charged to patients. In 2014 Nuffield Health had an annual gross income of £711 million, making it one of the five largest charities in the UK. Nuffield Health operates 300 facilities including 31 private hospitals (29 in England, one in Glasgow, Scotland and a joint venture, Cardiff & Vale, Wales), 111 Fitness and Wellbeing Gyms across the UK, and five medical centres. On 14 January 1957 the British United Provident Association (BUPA) established the Nursing Homes Charitable Trust to acquire and build community facilities equipped for the demands of modern medicine. In 1957 the President of BUPA, Lord Nuffield, suggested the charity might benefit from incorporating his name so was re-registered as the Nuffield Nursing Homes Trust (NNHT). At this time the Trust purchased the Strathallan nursing home in Bournemouth for £23,150. It was closed for ten months to be refurbished and reopened as the first Nuffield Hospital. In its first ten years, the Trust acquired and modernised a total of six dilapidated nursing homes and built seven new ones, together providing more than 400 beds. The earliest purpose-built hospital opened at Woking in 1962; others followed at Exeter, Shrewsbury, Hull, Birmingham and Slough. In 1966, the NNHT opened a new flagship hospital in London’s Bryanston Square, at a cost of over half a million pounds. The Trust ran all sites on a strictly self-supporting basis, though non-profit-making lines. Charges from patients were expected to cover not only operating costs but repairs and depreciation. By 1982 the Nuffield Nursing Homes Trust had grown to 31 hospitals and 1,076 beds. In 1983, the trading name was changed to Nuffield Hospitals, the ‘nursing homes’ element no longer conveyed the focus on modern hospitals rather than nursing homes. A new direction was taken in 2005 when Tweed Park and Sona Fitness were acquired and merged to become Proactive Health, a new business arm providing clinical health services to public and corporate members. In 2007 Cannons Health & Fitness was acquired increasing services to include physiotherapy, weight management and health assessments. In July 2008 Nuffield Hospitals, Proactive Health and Cannons merged to become Nuffield Health connecting fitness, prevention and treatment under a single brand, governance and management structure. The acquisition in 2014 of a further nine health clubs from Virgin Active, LA Fitness in Chester and in 2015 a further two sites in London (CityPoint, Moorgate and Market Sports, Shoreditch) broadened the Nuffield Health national network of Fitness & Wellbeing Gyms to 77 branches. In 2016, Nuffield Health acquired 35 Virgin Active clubs. Unconfirmed rumours put the value of the acquisition at £80 million. Nuffield Health received planning permission in 2016 to build a new hospital on a five-acre site adjacent to the Manchester Royal Infirmary. In 2016, Nuffield Health announced their acquisition of cognitive behavioural therapy services into their health and wellbeing services. They can now offer emotional wellbeing services across Britain within fitness and wellbeing gyms and hospitals. In October 2016 the company formed a partnership with Doctor Care Anywhere, an online primary care provider, which will allow their corporate clients to offer employees 20 minute virtual GP appointments, at any time between 8am and 10 pm to suit their convenience, whether they are in the UK or abroad. Nuffield Health has won multiple awards, including: Nuffield Health Nuffield Health is the largest not-for-profit healthcare provider in the United Kingdom. Established in 1957 the charity operates 31 Nuffield Health Hospitals and 111 Nuffield Health Fitness & Wellbeing Gyms. It is independent of the National Health Service and is constituted as a registered charity. Its objectives are to 'advance, promote and maintain health and healthcare of all descriptions and to prevent, relieve and cure sickness and ill health"
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"Camargo, Illinois Camargo is a village in Douglas County, Illinois. The population was 445 at the 2010 census. Camargo is at the intersection of Illinois Route 130 and U.S. Route 36. Camargo is the oldest township in Douglas County. In 2006, the first annual Camargo Woolly Worm Festival was launched during the first weekend in October, attracting several local celebrities. This is to be an annual event. Camargo is located at (39.798775, -88.164942). According to the 2010 census, Camargo has a total area of , of which (or 98.98%) is land and (or 1.02%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 469 people, 187 households, and 134 families residing in the village. The population density was 371.2 people per square mile (143.7/km²). There were 197 housing units at an average density of 155.9 per square mile (60.4/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 99.4% White. There were 187 households out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.0% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.01. In the village, the population was spread out with 26.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.7 males. The median income for a household in the village was $39,844, and the median income for a family was $49,375. Males had a median income of $37,500 versus $21,477 for females. The per capita income for the village was $18,369. About 5.3% of families and 6.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 3.3% of those age 65 or over. Camargo, Illinois Camargo is a village in Douglas County, Illinois. The population was 445 at the 2010 census. Camargo is at the intersection of Illinois Route 130 and U.S. Route 36. Camargo is the oldest township in Douglas County. In 2006, the first"
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"Grangemockler GAA Grangemockler / Ballyneale GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the south-east corner of County Tipperary in Ireland. The club plays Gaelic football and hurling as part of the South division of Tipperary GAA. They have been Tipperary Senior Football Champions on eight occasions. The club was founded in 1885, one year after the founding of the GAA. The club won its first ever Tipperary senior football championship title in 1890 and had to wait thirteen years before winning again in 1903 when the team won the title five years in a row in 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906 and 1907. The team was beaten the following year and the title was won by Cloneen but returned again in 1909 to take the title once more beating Clonmel Emmets in the final. It was another twenty two years before the team would win the title again in 1931. The club has played a vital part in the community with the provision of two full sized playing fields, one in Grangemockler and one in Ballyneale, a flood light training field and a sports hall, which was opened on 17 March 2009, with a kitchen, hall, and two dressing rooms. Grangemockler GAA Grangemockler / Ballyneale GAA is a Gaelic Athletic Association club located in the south-east corner of County Tipperary in Ireland. The club plays Gaelic football and hurling as part of the South division of Tipperary GAA. They have been Tipperary Senior Football Champions on eight occasions. The club was founded in 1885, one year after the founding of the GAA. The club won its first ever Tipperary senior football championship title in 1890 and had to wait thirteen years before winning again in 1903 when the team won the title five years in a row in 1903,"
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"2009 Club Olimpia season The following is a summary of the 2009 season by Paraguayan football (soccer) club Olimpia Asunción. Olimpia participated in the following competitions in 2009: Torneo Apertura and Torneo Clausura (pertaining to the . Olimpia started the year 2009 with the same coach as 2008, Ever Hugo Almeida. However, after only 4 rounds the directive board decided to replace Almeida with Uruguayan Gregorio Pérez, despite the team being in second position with an undefeated record of two wins and two draws. The following transfers occurred prior to the start of the Apertura tournament: In: Out: Top scorers for Olimpia in the Apertura tournament: The Torneo Clausura is to be played in the second half of 2009. 2009 Club Olimpia season The following is a summary of the 2009 season by Paraguayan football (soccer) club Olimpia Asunción. Olimpia participated in the following competitions in 2009: Torneo Apertura and Torneo Clausura (pertaining to the . Olimpia started the year 2009 with the same coach as 2008, Ever Hugo Almeida. However, after only 4 rounds the directive board decided to replace Almeida with Uruguayan Gregorio Pérez, despite the team being in second position with an undefeated record of two wins"
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"World Wide Tours bus crash The World Wide Tours bus crash took place at about 5:30 a.m. on March 12, 2011, in the southbound lanes of the New England Thruway segment of Interstate 95 at the border between The Bronx and Westchester County, New York. The bus was returning to Chinatown, New York City from Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. It swerved and collided with a metal sign pole, which ripped through it and tore off most of its roof. Thirteen passengers died at the scene, two died at hospitals, and all seventeen others onboard were injured. Some surviving passengers have said that the driver, Ophadell Williams, fell asleep at the wheel. He was not charged initially, pending investigation. Williams said that he was awake and sober at the time of the accident. The bus driver blamed the accident on a tractor-trailer that he swerved to avoid, causing the bus to flip on its side and crash into an overhead highway sign which split the bus in half. He said the two possibly hit each other. The crash triggered an investigation by the New York State Police and National Transportation Safety Board. A preliminary report by the NTSB in April 2011 found that the bus was going at the time of the crash, 28 miles per hour faster than the posted speed limit. The report found that the bus had been exceeding the speed limit on I-95 45 seconds before it veered off the highway. The report said that there was no evidence of contact between the bus and a passing truck, as claimed by the driver. The truck driver was located by authorities, denied the bus driver's account and was cleared of responsibility. State officials revoked the bus driver's driving privileges after reports became public of Williams’s criminal record, which includes having served time for convictions of manslaughter and larceny. The driver, Ophadell Williams, was charged by the Bronx County District Attorney's office with 54 felony and misdemeanor counts, including charges of criminally negligent homicide and manslaughter. Williams was held in custody from September 2011 until the end of his trial, because he was unable to meet the $250,000 bail requirement. On December 7, 2012, the jury found Williams not guilty of all charges except one count of misdemeanor aggravated unlicensed operation of a motor vehicle. Because he had been in jail for so long, Mr. Williams’s sentence on the misdemeanor charge was commuted to time served. World Wide Tours bus crash The World Wide Tours bus crash took place at about 5:30 a.m. on March 12, 2011, in the southbound lanes of the New England Thruway segment of Interstate 95 at the border between The Bronx and Westchester County, New York. The bus was returning to Chinatown, New York City from Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. It swerved and collided with a metal sign pole, which ripped through it and tore off most of its roof. Thirteen passengers died at the scene, two died at hospitals,"
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"Anatra DE The Anatra DE was a three-engined prototype Russian medium bomber of World War I. The biplane bomber was designed to hold four people. It was planned to use three engines to reach its target, then return using only one engine, having been lightened after dropping its payload. There was a single 140 hp Salmson engine at the front of the fuselage, and an 80 hp Le Rhône engine on each wing, which turned propellers attached to the rear of the engine, behind the wing. These engines were placed in a pusher configuration, and each wing also had a gun turret one each engine nacelle. In total, the aircraft had three guns, and could carry 400 kg of bombs. The only prototype that was built, weighing 327 kg more than expected, first flew on June 23, 1916. During testing, however, the fuselage and rear propellers became damaged when a tail skid broke, and it became evident that the design needed to be changed; the project was then abandoned. Anatra DE The Anatra DE was a three-engined prototype Russian medium bomber of World War I. The biplane bomber was designed to hold four people. It was planned to use three"
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"Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt Frederick Augustus of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (Neuenstadt am Kocher, 12 March 1654 – 6 August 1716 in Gochsheim) was Duke of Württemberg and second Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt. Frederick Augustus was the first-born child of Duke Frederick of Neuenstadt who established the second branch line of the Duchy of Württemberg-Neuenstadt. His wife was Clara Augusta of Brunswick. The branch line of Württemberg-Neuenstadt held responsibility for the town of Neuenstadt am Kocher, Möckmühl and parts of Weinsberg. They bore the title of duke although they held no state sovereignty which remained within the main duchy of Württemberg. In 1674 the state became embroiled in the Franco-Dutch War. Frederick Augustus sided with Brunswick-Lüneburg, joining their regiment as a Rittmeister (a commissioned cavalry officer in charge of a squadron). He was involved in a number of key battles, including the Battle of Konzer Brucke outside Trier in which the horses he was riding were killed three times. Before the end of the war his father called for his return in order to name him successor to the duchy and remove him from subsequent danger. Frederick Augustus married Countess Albertine Sophie Esther on 9 February 1679, the last remaining member of the counts of Eberstein (now known as Alt-Eberstein). This brought ownership of the Kraichgau towns such as Gochsheim, Waldangelloch and properties along the border to Lorraine. The newly weds had Gochsheim Castle renovated and used it as their residence from 1682 onwards. Frederick Augustus's father died in March of the same year, leaving his son to take on the business of running the duchy. In 1689 French troops crossed the river Rhine during a campaign of the War of the Grand Alliance. Frederick Augustus withdrew to the north east corner of his duchy, taking up residence in Neuenstadt. In his absence, the town and castle in Gochsheim were almost completely destroyed by the French enemy. It was not until the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 that reconstruction work started again and Frederick Augustus brought in 220 Waldensians and Huguenots which he settled in a specially planned town coined “Augustistadt” (Augustus town) to the north of Gochsheim. The project ran into one difficulty after another and enjoyed mediocre success such that most settlers soon moved on again. Despite this, the castle was ready for occupation again in 1700. Duke Frederick Augustus died of dysentery on 6 August 1716 in Gochsheim. His grave still stands in the Martinskirche church in Gochsheim, next to his wife who died in 1728. Gochsheim became an obsolete fiefdom. As the couple had no surviving male children, Frederick Augustus’s brother, Carl Rudolf, succeeded him as Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt. Frederick Augustus fathered 14 children of which four children died the day they were born and only three daughters surviving to their first birthday and all three living into adulthood. The duke had autopsies done on all children to ascertain the reason of death, without success. Historians now believe that premature death was often the result of poor hygiene, spoilt milk and mistakes made during childbirth. Children: 1. Friedrich Kasimir (7–9 October, 1680)<br> 2. Ludwig Frederick (1–9 November, 1681)<br> 3. Unnamed daughter (9 March 1683)<br> 4. Frederick Samuel (11–23 May, 1684)<br> 5. Unnamed daughter (3 July 1685)<br> 6. Augustus Frederick (4 April 1687 – 21 July 1687)<br> 7. Karl (26 December 1688 – 19 March 1689)<br> 8. Adam (30 May 1690 – 3 July 1690)<br> 9. Auguste Sofie (24 September 1691 – 1 March 1743)<br> 10. Eleonore Wilhelmine Charlotte (24 January 1694 – 11 August 1751)<br> 11. Unnamed daughter (21 November 1695)<br> 12. Unnamed son (29 August 1697)<br> 13. Friederike (27 July 1699 – 8 May 1781)<br> 14. Frederick (6 July 1701 – 21 October 1701) Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt Frederick Augustus of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (Neuenstadt am Kocher, 12 March 1654 – 6 August 1716 in Gochsheim) was Duke of Württemberg and second Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt. Frederick Augustus was the first-born child of Duke Frederick of Neuenstadt who established the second branch line of the Duchy of Württemberg-Neuenstadt. His wife was Clara Augusta of Brunswick. The branch line of Württemberg-Neuenstadt held responsibility for the town of Neuenstadt am Kocher, Möckmühl and parts of Weinsberg. They bore the title of duke"
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"Rodney Smith (running back) Rodney Smith (born February 28, 1996) is an American football running back. He plays college football for the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers. A 2014 graduate of Mundy's Mill High School, Smith played both football and baseball. As a senior, Smith helped lead Mundy's Mill to its best record to date, 8-5, while rushing for 261 times for 2,201 yards and earning first team all-state honors. As a baseball player, Smith finished his career by being named the Region 4-AAAAA Player of the Year in Georgia. As a recruit, Smith was ranked a three-star prospect and the 71st best running back in the 2014 recruiting class by 247Sports. Smith was also rated as a three-star prospect by ESPN and Scout, while Rivals listed him as a two-star prospect. Smith committed to Minnesota over offers from East Carolina, Southern Miss, and others, citing the prestige of a Big Ten degree and Minnesota's physical rushing-based offense as key reasons for his decision. After redshirting during the 2014 season, Smith played in 12 of Minnesota's 13 games as a redshirt freshman during the 2015 season, rushing 157 times for 670 yards and 2 touchdowns. During his sophomore campaign, Smith took the lead role in the Gophers' backfield, starting the majority of games while splitting the overall workload with fellow sophomore Shannon Brooks. During the regular season, Smith rushed for 1,084 yards and 15 touchdowns, earning third-team all-Big Ten honors for his efforts. The 15 touchdowns would also rank, at the time, as the third most rushing touchdowns in a single season for a Gophers running back. The Gophers would qualify for the Holiday Bowl, taking on Washingston State. Smith starred in the game, leading all rushers with 17 carries for 74 yards and added a touchdown, which earned him the offensive MVP award for the Holiday Bowl. Smith's statistics are as follows: Rodney Smith (running back) Rodney Smith (born February 28, 1996) is an American football running back. He plays college football for the University of Minnesota Golden Gophers. A 2014 graduate of Mundy's Mill High School, Smith played both football and baseball. As a senior, Smith helped lead Mundy's Mill to its best record to date, 8-5, while rushing for 261 times for 2,201 yards and earning first team all-state honors. As a baseball player, Smith finished his career by being named the Region 4-AAAAA Player of the"
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"Rufet Quliyev Rufat Atakishi oglu Quliyev () was born in Baku on May 6, 1963. He was elected as a deputy of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (Milli Majlis) on the III, IV and V convenings, and nowadays he is a member of the Committee on Economic Policy, a vice-chairman of the Permanent Commission of the IPA CIS on Political Issues and International Cooperation, a member of the Working group on culture, science and education of GUAM, Dr. of Economics, Professor, head of an academic department in Azerbaijan Technical University, professor of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He is a member in Council of experts of the Economy section of the Higher Attestation Commission under the President of Azerbaijan. He entered Economics Department of Kyiv State University (current Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv) in 1981 and graduated from it in 1986. The same year he began pedagogical activity in the Azerbaijan Technical University (former Azerbaijan Polytechnical Institute). He worked as a chief laboratory worker, lecturer, senior lecturer, docent and a professor at the University. Since 1995 Quliyev is a candidate of philosophy in economy and since 2004 he is a Doctor of economics. Since 2006 he is a Professor of the Azerbaijan Technical University. Nowadays, Quliyev is the head of the \"Economic theory and economy of service areas\" academic department at the University. He is the author of nearly 300 scientific works and articles (which include 7 monographies, 4 study books, 3 brochures), 41 of which were published in authoritative scientific magazines of the US, Turkey, Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Latvia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Sweden and other countries. He is an active participator of local and international scientific conferences, forums and seminars. He continuously participated in symposiums in Nice, London, Kiev, and also produced fundamental speeches on development ways of Azeri economy and achieved successes at conferences, held by Azeri government in Great Britain, Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Public Republic of China, Kuwait, Germany, Northern Cyprus, Latvia, Moldova, Kazakhstan and the UAE. Since 1999 until 2017 Quliyev was a chairperson of the Executive Board of the \"European Tobacco-Baku\". Since 2003, Quliyev is a member of Board of Trustees of the Azerbaijan Export and Investment Promotion Foundation. He is a co-chairperson of the Azerbaijan-Turkey Businessmen Union. Quliyev is the head of the working group on Azerbaijan-Ukraine interparliamentary relations and a member of the working groups on Azerbaijan-Italy, Azerbaijan-India, Azerbaijan-Denmark interparliamentary relations. He was in many foreign trips via Milli Majlis and the IPA CIS, participated as an observer in most of the presidential and parliamentary elections organized in CIA countries and works purposefully and effectively in direction of delivering Azeri realities to the world community. He was awarded with the \"For specific merits in defending workers' social-economic rights and interests\" medal by Confederation of Trade Unions of Azerbaijan, the emeritus anniversary medal dedicated to 60 years of UN by International Human Rights Defence Committee, the emeritus medal by International Human Rights Defence Committee of Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the emeritus anniversary medal dedicated to 20 years of CIS, three emeritus medals of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the \"Birimdik-Yedinstvo\" order of \"Birimdik-Yedinstvo\" public foundation of Kyrgyzstan. He participates actively in charity events. He is nonpartisan. Quliyev speaks Azerbaijani, Russian and English fluently. He is married and has two children. \"Rufat Quliyevs' theses are\": a) \"Evolution of efficient usage factors of production funds in terms of transition towards market (on industry materials of Azerbaijan Republic)\" - thesis for the degree of candidate of Economic Sciences. It was defended on May 16, 1995 on Academic Council of the Institute of National Economy (called Azerbaijan State Economic University nowadays) under speciality 08.00.01 (Economic theory). b) \"Investment problems of shaping of national economy of Azerbaijan\" - thesis for the degree of Doctor of Economic Sciences. It was defended on February 20, 2004 on Academic Council of the Institute of Economy of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences under speciality 08.00.01 (Economic theory). \"Trend\" information agency: Европа приобрела в лице Азербайджана надежного партнера - эксперт Rufet Quliyev Rufat Atakishi oglu Quliyev () was born in Baku on May 6, 1963. He was elected as a deputy of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (Milli Majlis)"
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"Marston, Oxford Marston is a village in the civil parish of Old Marston about northeast of the centre of Oxford, England. It was absorbed within the city boundaries in 1991. It is commonly called Old Marston to distinguish it from the suburb of New Marston that developed between St. Clement's and the village in the 19th and 20th centuries. The A40 Northern Bypass, part of the Oxford Ring Road forms a long north-west boundary of the village and parish and a limb, namely a distributary, of the Cherwell forms the western boundary. The toponym is said to come from \"Marsh-town\", because of the low-lying nature of the land, still green space, near the River Cherwell, which in earlier times was liable to frequent flooding. The parish used to be part of the manor of Headington. The Church of England parish church of St Nicholas began as a chapel, first mentioned in a charter of 1122 by which it was granted to the Augustinian canons of St Frideswide's Priory. The building dates from the 12th century, and has substantial additions in the 15th century. The village played an important part in the Civil War, during the siege of Oxford. While the Royalist forces were besieged in the city, which had been used by King Charles I as his capital, the Parliamentary forces under Sir Thomas Fairfax had quarters in Marston, and used the church tower as a lookout post for viewing the enemy's artillery positions in what is now the University Parks. Oliver Cromwell visited Fairfax at Manor House, which is now known as \"Cromwell House\" at 17 Mill Lane, and \"Manor House\" at 15 Mill Lane, and the Treaty for the Surrender of Oxford was signed there in 1646. In the 20th-century expansion of Oxford, new housing followed the Marston Road from St Clement's towards Marston, which was soon absorbed by the city. New Marston became a separate parish in the 1950s. Old Marston parish become part of the City of Oxford in 1991. It retains its (civil) parish council. Marston has had a number of notable residents, including members of the Oxford penicillin team: Howard Florey and his second wife Margaret Jennings, and Norman Heatley. The village has been associated with the origin of the Jack Russell breed of terrier. A cycle route links Marston with central Oxford \"via\" the meadows west of New Marston, over a bridge on the River Cherwell, past the southern boundary of The Parks to the junction of South Parks Road and St Cross Road near the Science Area of Oxford University. It is also possible to walk on footpaths across the meadows to the Parks, either via Mesopotamia Walk or Rainbow Bridge. Marston, Oxford Marston is a village in the civil parish of Old Marston about northeast of the centre of Oxford, England. It was absorbed within the city boundaries in 1991. It is commonly called Old Marston to distinguish it from the suburb of New Marston that developed between St. Clement's and"
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"Ernest Williamson Ernest Clarke Williamson (24 May 1890 – 30 April 1964) was an English football goalkeeper. Born in Murton, County Durham, Williamson began his career at local sides before moving to London in 1913 to join Croydon Common. During World War I he served in the Royal Army Service Corps and also turned out for various teams as a guest, including over 120 appearances for Arsenal. After the war ended, Williamson officially signed for Arsenal, who had just been promoted to the First Division, for a £150 fee. After sharing the keeper's jersey with Stephen Dunn in 1919–20 he made it his own the following season, playing 33 of the Gunners' 42 matches in 1920–21, and only missing one match the season after that. His consistency for Arsenal brought the attention of the England selectors, and he became Arsenal's first post-First World War international, playing in both of England's matches away to Sweden on 21 May and 24 May 1923. However, by this time his Arsenal place was under threat; after conceding fourteen goals first in five matches during 1922–23 he had been dropped in favour of Dunn, and later Jock Robson. In June 1923 he left Arsenal for free to go to Norwich City. In all he played 113 official first-class matches for Arsenal, in addition to his unofficial wartime matches. After playing for Division Three South Norwich for two seasons, Williamson retired from football altogether in 1925. He died in 1964, aged 73. Ernest Williamson Ernest Clarke Williamson (24 May 1890 – 30 April 1964) was an English football goalkeeper. Born in Murton, County Durham, Williamson began his career at local sides before moving to London in 1913 to join Croydon Common. During World War I he served in the Royal Army Service Corps and also turned"
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"Malvern East, Victoria Malvern East is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Stonnington local government area. Malvern East recorded a population of 21,707 at the 2016 Census. Malvern East is bounded to the north by Wattletree Road and Gardiners Creek, to the east by Warrigal Road, to the south by the Princes Highway (Dandenong Road) and to the west by Tooronga Road. It is most famous for the Chadstone Shopping Centre, the largest shopping centre in the southern hemisphere, and the largest by total lettable space under one roof. In recent times, what was once a relatively small suburb was extended to incorporate parts of neighbouring Chadstone. Based on its easterly proximity to Malvern, the expansion and redefinition of Malvern East was driven in the 1990s by resident groups eager to 'reclaim' their address from being identified with the Chadstone Shopping Centre, which had been massively expanded since its original construction. However, the Chadstone Shopping Centre shares the 'Malvern East' address and postcode. The first Malvern East Post Office opened on 4 August 1914 and was renamed Wattletree Road twenty days later. The second Malvern East Post Office opened in 1924 and was renamed Central Park in 1928. The third Malvern East Post Office was renamed from Caulfield East in 1928, but reverted to that name in 1929. The fourth Malvern East Post Office opened around 1935 and closed in 1993. Three Post Offices remain marking the major commercial areas of the suburb; Wattletree Road office on the corner of Tooronga Road, Central Park office on Burke Road near Wattletree Road and Darling South office on Waverley Road. The suburb is also home to the Buddhist Society of Victoria, founded in 1953, making it the oldest Buddhist Institution in Victoria. Malvern East has a number of popular public open spaces, the most notable of which are Hedgeley Dene Gardens, Central Park and the Urban Forest Reserve. While Central Park and its surrounding residential neighbourhood are subject to heritage protection, Hedgeley Dene Gardens is the first public open space to be designated worthy of protection on neighbourhood character grounds. Malvern East is serviced by Darling, East Malvern and Holmesglen railway stations, all on the Glen Waverley line, Caulfield and Malvern railway stations on the Frankston line, Cranbourne line and Pakenham line and the numbers 3 and 5 tram routes. The Melbourne bus routes 612, 623, 624, and 626 also services the area. The suburb is also serviced by the community bike path along Gardiners Creek, which joins and is an integral part, of the Greater Melbourne network of bike paths. The suburb has an Australian Rules football team, Tooronga Malvern Football Club, competing in the Southern Football League. The De La Salle Old Collegians Associated Football Club also competes at Waverley Park, on Waverley Road, in the Victorian Amateur Football Association in A Section. Malvern East also boasts one of the largest Australian Rules Auskick clinics in Australia, which is held on Saturday mornings during winter. Golfers play at the course of the East Malvern Golf Club, on Golfers Drive, the Malvern Valley Public Golf Course on Golfers Drive or at the course of the Nepean Golf Club, on Waverley Road. Malvern East, Victoria Malvern East is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 12 km south-east of Melbourne's Central Business District, located within the City of Stonnington local government area. Malvern East recorded a population of 21,707 at the 2016 Census. Malvern East is bounded to the north by Wattletree Road and Gardiners Creek, to the east by"
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"Alex Randolph Alexander Randolph (4 May 1922 – 28 April 2004) was an American designer of board games and writer. Randolph's game creations include TwixT, Breakthru, Inkognito (with Leo Colovini), Raj, Ricochet Robot, and Enchanted Forest (with Michael Matschoss). Randolph was a son of self-described \"rich parents\" who attended private school in Switzerland. He spent his early years in various occupations, including military intelligence and as an advertising copy editor in Boston. In 1961, Randolph moved to Japan and became a professional game developer, performing initial work on TwixT. During this time, he became a dan player in shogi. In 1962, Randolph (along with Sid Sackson) was commissioned to start a new game division for Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (also known as 3M). Through 3M, Randolph created and published such games as Breakthru, Evade, Oh-Wah-Ree, and TwixT. Randolph moved to Venice, Italy in 1968, continuing his career as a game developer with the company Venice Connection established with Dario De Toffoli and Leo Colovini. Randolph died aged 82 in Venice on 28 April 2004. In 2016, as a testimony to his career, Fabulous Games published ADDX - the first ever digital game from Alex Randolph. Spiel des Jahres Origins Awards Hall of Fame Alex Randolph Alexander Randolph (4 May 1922 – 28 April 2004) was an American designer of board games and writer. Randolph's game creations include TwixT, Breakthru, Inkognito (with Leo Colovini), Raj, Ricochet Robot, and Enchanted Forest (with Michael Matschoss). Randolph was a son of self-described \"rich parents\" who attended private school in Switzerland. He spent his early years in various occupations, including military intelligence and as an advertising copy editor in Boston. In 1961, Randolph moved to Japan and became a professional game developer, performing initial work on TwixT. During this time, he became a dan player"
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"TCOM (linguistics) In linguistics, T (always written as uppercase T plus uppercase COM in subscript) is an abbreviation for the time of completion, a secondary temporal reference in establishing tense. Grammatical tense represents the contrast between two measurements along the timeline of an utterance, with one of those measurements being the time of utterance T (the time at which the actual utterance is made). T is always the primary point of reference for tense. There are three additional references to which T can be contrasted: T — the time of assertion, T — the time of completion, and T — the time of evaluation; these are secondary references. The type used for the secondary reference is determined by aspect and type of utterance. T is the point in time at which a verb is completed. T is used with perfected forms. In perfected non-durational aspects it represents the time by which a verb is finished, as in English “I have eaten dinner.” In perfected durational aspects it represents either the time at which a verb is finished, or more normally, a time up to which the verb is completed (but that it may continue beyond); this meaning of interrupting the verb is the more standard use of this form and allows the duration of the verb to be measured up to a given point (T). Consider “I had been eating for 2 hours by 7pm,” in which an action (eating) has a duration, of which two hours of it is completed as of 7pm. TCOM (linguistics) In linguistics, T (always written as uppercase T plus uppercase COM in subscript) is an abbreviation for the time of completion, a secondary temporal reference in establishing tense. Grammatical tense represents the contrast between two measurements along the timeline of an utterance, with one"
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"Athanasios of Emesa Athanasios of Emesa (Ἀθανάσιος ὁ Ἐμεσαῖος/Ἐμεσηνός; Emesa is now Homs in Syria) was a Byzantine jurist living in the 6th century. Coming from the first generation of jurists to practice after Justinian completed the codification of Roman law, he worked as a teacher of law, rhetor and advocate. His principal work is the Syntagma (572-77), a practical lawyer's edition of the Novellae in which he orders the Novellae into 22 titles and pioneers the use of \"paratitla\", footnote-like references to other sources. Highly popular in its day, the Syntagma vanished from practical use together with the Novellae during the 7th century. Athanasios of Emesa Athanasios of Emesa (Ἀθανάσιος ὁ Ἐμεσαῖος/Ἐμεσηνός; Emesa is now Homs in Syria) was a Byzantine jurist living in the 6th century. Coming from the first generation of jurists to practice after Justinian completed the codification of Roman law, he worked as a teacher of law, rhetor and advocate. His principal work is the Syntagma (572-77), a practical lawyer's edition of the Novellae in which he orders the Novellae into 22 titles and pioneers the use of \"paratitla\", footnote-like references to other sources. Highly popular in its day, the Syntagma vanished from practical use"
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"Niall McNeill Niall MacNeill (1899–1969) was an Irish army officer and entomologist who specialised in Odonata and Heteroptera. He was the son of Eoin MacNeill founder of the Irish Volunteers which Niall MacNeill joined later becoming an officer in the Irish Army. With the rank of Colonel he specialised in surveying, training with the Royal Engineers on the Isle of Wight. After retiring from the army he worked for the State Ordnance Survey and he was made Assistant Director in 1935. MacNeill is best known for his studies of larval Odonata on which he worked with A. Eric Gardner and Frederic Charles Fraser. He was a personal friend of both and of Cynthia Longfield. Niall MacNeill was a Member of the Royal Irish Academy and a Fellow of the Royal Entomological Society. Niall McNeill Niall MacNeill (1899–1969) was an Irish army officer and entomologist who specialised in Odonata and Heteroptera. He was the son of Eoin MacNeill founder of the Irish Volunteers which Niall MacNeill joined later becoming an officer in the Irish Army. With the rank of Colonel he specialised in surveying, training with the Royal Engineers on the Isle of Wight. After retiring from the army he worked"
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"Jeremy McLellan Jeremy McLellan is an American stand-up comedian based in Charleston, South Carolina. He has been named as one of the \"New Faces of Comedy\" by Just for Laughs. McLellan was raised in Charleston, South Carolina in a conservative Presbyterian family. Graduating from Covenant College in 2007, he went on to live in a L'Arche community with people with intellectual disabilities for three years. In 2010, he returned to Charleston and began doing standup comedy in bars and clubs around town. After going viral on social media, McLellan quit his job to pursue comedy full-time. He won the Charleston Stand-up Comedy Competition and \"Charleston City Paper\"'s ″Best Local Comedian″ twice in 2015 and 2016. McLellan subsequently advanced to bigger events and festivals across the United States. A convert to Roman Catholicism, McLellan has performed for Muslim organizations such as Muslim Students' Association, Islamic Circle of North America, Council on American–Islamic Relations, Diyanet Center of America, Muslim Legal Fund of America, UMAA, Muslim American Society, and Pakistani organizations such as The Citizens Foundation, DOGANA, the Pakistani Association of America, the Human Development Foundation, Friends of the Indus Hospital, Pakistani Students Association at Georgia Tech and Human Appeal. In July 2017, McLellan performed at the Just for Laughs International Comedy Festival in Montreal, Canada where he was dubbed one of the \"New Faces of Comedy\". His performance resulted in his being represented by LEG (entertainment company) McLellan toured Pakistan in August 2017 where he did six sold out shows in Lahore and Islamabad organized by entertainment company Kuch Khaas. Moreover, he assisted in providing free dental care to villages around Islamabad with a dental team. Jeremy McLellan Jeremy McLellan is an American stand-up comedian based in Charleston, South Carolina. He has been named as one of the \"New Faces of Comedy\""
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"Sam Spiegel Samuel P. Spiegel (November 11, 1901 – December 31, 1985) was a Austro-Polish-born American independent film producer. He was the first to win the Academy Award for Best Picture three times, and the only one to be the sole producer on all three winning films. Spiegel was born to a Jewish family in Jarosław, Galicia, Austria-Hungary (now in Poland). His parents were Regina and Simon Spiegel (a tobacco wholesaler). He received his education at the University of Vienna. His brother was Shalom Spiegel, a professor of medieval Hebrew poetry. Spiegel worked briefly in Hollywood in 1927 following a stint serving with Hashomer Hatzair in Palestine. He then went to Berlin to produce German and French adaptations of Universal films until 1933 when he fled Germany. As an independent producer, Spiegel helped produce a number of European films. In 1938, he immigrated to Mexico and subsequently the United States. Between 1935 and 1954, Spiegel billed himself as S. P. Eagle; after that he used his real name. His nickname was the \"velvet octopus\" after his propensity to entwine himself with women in the back of taxis and manage Hollywood with a velvet touch according to Billy Wilder. He loved London and admired the British, as is reflected in his films \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" (1957) and \"Lawrence of Arabia\" (1962), both of which won seven Academy Awards including Best Picture. Starting with the 1951 film \"The African Queen\", he produced films through his British-based production company Horizon Pictures. In a review in Variety of a Natasha Fraser-Cavassoni's biography of Spiegel, Wendy Smith notes: \"It's all here: the sleazy financial maneuvers and creepy taste for underage girls that make Spiegel a decidedly flawed protagonist, as well as the wit, sophistication, and Old World charm that make him a titanic figure the likes of which the movie industry will not see again\" Spiegel won the Academy Award for Best Picture for Elia Kazan's \"On the Waterfront\" and a further two times for his two collaborations with British director David Lean, \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" (1957) and \"Lawrence of Arabia\" (1962). In 1963, he was awarded the Irving Thalberg Memorial Award at that year's Academy Awards for his many contributions to cinema. American actress Theresa Russell alleged that she was sexually propositioned by Spiegel during her first casting session for his 1976 film \"The Last Tycoon\". In another interview, Russell recalled: \"I was 16 years old and still living at home, and he took me to the Bistro and tried to stick his tongue down my throat.\" After she refused to sign a contract with Spiegel, Russell \"was completely left out of the publicity for [\"The Last Tycoon\"]\", and Spiegel threatened that he would prevent Russell from working again in Hollywood. Spiegel maintained a connection with Israel throughout his life, particularly with such personalities as Golda Meir, Ariel Sharon, Jerusalem Foundation president Ruth Cheshin (mother of Mishael Cheshin), and his close friend, then Jerusalem Mayor Teddy Kollek. Spiegel also contributed to various Zionist causes. He spoke seven languages fluently: English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Hebrew and Polish. Spiegel's heirs and the administrators of his estate, son Adam Spiegel, daughter Alisa Freedman, niece Judge Raya Dreben, and Adv. David Bottoms, decided to transfer Spiegel's impressive art collection to the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. Since 1996, they have made an annual contribution, through the Jerusalem Foundation, to the film school in Jerusalem bearing his name since that time — the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, Jerusalem. This annual contribution is the largest in the history of Israeli cinema. In 2005, the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the Sam Spiegel Film and Television School, the Jerusalem Municipality complied with a request from the school's founder-director Renen Schorr to mark the occasion by declaring the lane in the Talpiot industrial section where the school is located \"The Sam Spiegel Alley.\" The street sign's inscription: \"Sam Spiegel – Jewish-American Film Producer and Oscar-winner. Pioneer. Lover of Zion.\" Sam Spiegel Samuel P. Spiegel (November 11, 1901 – December 31, 1985) was a Austro-Polish-born American independent film producer. He was the first to win the Academy Award for Best Picture three times, and"
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"Wangaratta railway station Wangaratta railway station is located on the North East line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the town of Wangaratta, opening on 28 October 1873, as the temporary terminus of the line from Benalla, before it was extended to Wodonga on 21 November 1873. A goods shed is located across from the main platform, but has no siding, with the goods shed office itself demolished in 1978. Dock platforms were also once located at both ends of the station. Wangaratta was once the junction for the Whitfield narrow gauge railway. Footbridges are located at both the south end of the platform and over the northern end of the yard. The main platform and station building is located to the east of the standard gauge \"West\" line. The original standard gauge line runs in a concrete walled cutting, located between the station and adjoining street, with a number of bridges crossing this cutting to provide station access. The platform on the standard gauge \"East\" line is located in the cutting at the Melbourne end of the station. Alumatta Loop is currently located to the south of the station on the standard gauge line. Initial facilities included a goods shed and a temporary station building, with a brick station building, identical to that at Benalla, erected in 1874, with a two storied brick tower added to the Melbourne end in 1897. The large signal box was provided in 1887, and then extended in 1908, when the goods yard was enlarged, and the current goods shed provided. A small locomotive depot was provided in 1882, with a dual gauge long turntable provided in 1898. The narrow gauge Whitfield line opened in 1899, branching off from the main line at the southern end of the station. The line closed in 1953. When the standard gauge line was constructed through the station in 1962, extensive works were required to thread it through the narrow railway reserve. The locomotive depot and turntable were relocated from the east side of the line to the west side of the line, and new grade separations were provided at Rowan Street, to the north, and Roy Street, to the south. During 1984, the passenger facilities in the main station building were refurbished. The upgraded facilities re-opened on 9 November of the same year. During June/July 1997, the signal box at Wangaratta was abolished. Signalling and interlocked points were also abolished during this time. During the 2011 conversion of the broad gauge line to standard gauge, all sidings were disconnected. The station now has no loop or non-platform tracks, and essentially is now only a \"through\" station. Former stations Winton and Glenrowan were located between Wangaratta and Benalla, while former station Bowser was located between Wangaratta and Springhurst. Wangaratta has two platforms. It is serviced by V/Line Albury line services and NSW TrainLink XPT Sydney to Melbourne services. Platform 1: Platform 2: V/Line operate road coach services from Wangaratta station to Bendigo, Corowa, Bright. and Beechworth Wangaratta railway station"
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"United States Post Office, Courthouse, and Customhouse (Biloxi, Mississippi) The U.S. Post Office, Courthouse, and Customhouse in Biloxi, Mississippi, also known as Biloxi City Hall, was built in 1908. It was designed by James Knox Taylor in Classical Revival style. It served as a courthouse and as a post office, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, when it was being used as Biloxi's city hall. It served the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi during 1908-1959. Its first floor was renovated in 1960 and 1964 to be used as City Hall. United States Post Office, Courthouse, and Customhouse (Biloxi, Mississippi) The U.S. Post Office, Courthouse, and Customhouse in Biloxi, Mississippi, also known as Biloxi City Hall, was built in 1908. It was designed by James Knox Taylor in Classical Revival style. It served as a courthouse and as a post office, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, when it was being used as Biloxi's city hall. It served the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi during 1908-1959. Its first floor was renovated in 1960 and 1964 to be used as"
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"Flight of the Red Tail Flight of the Red Tail is a 2009 historical documentary film by Adam White about the Red Tail Project's successful return to flight of a World War II P-51 Mustang. The plane had been originally flown by the United States Air Force 332d Fighter Group as a bomber escort for the Allied Forces in the European Theatre of World War II and serves as a travelling and flying tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen. It had become inoperable during a 2004 crash after having been restored for exhibition flying once before in 2001. The Red Tail Project is a part of the Commemorative Air Force. The film is a sequel to \"Red Tail Reborn\" which brought attention to the attempt to relaunch of the plane after the 2004 crash. The film was released in DVD format on November 27, 2009. The film, which was produced in NTSC Dolby 5.1 format, had a running time of 12 minutes. It is contained on a single disc. This film chronicles the reconstruction by picking up where \"Red Tail Reborn\" left off in 2007. It is described as a companion piece to its predecessor, but White says it is only part of a continuing story. The five-year restoration occurred at Tri-State Aviation in Wahpeton, North Dakota from 2004 to 2009. In 2007 Gerry Beck, one of the primary restorers was in an aviation collision of a P-51A and a P-51D during AirVenture 2007. Nonetheless, the rebuilding continued with the mounting of the engine in 2008 and the mating of the wing in 2009. On July 22, 2009, four days before AirVenture 2009 in Oshkosh, Wisconsin the plane had its first flight. Then, it was flown to Wisconsin for its public debut. After the show it returned to Minnesota with a 6 AT-6 escort. Flight of the Red Tail Flight of the Red Tail is a 2009 historical documentary film by Adam White about the Red Tail Project's successful return to flight of a World War II P-51 Mustang. The plane had been originally flown by the United States Air Force 332d Fighter Group as a bomber escort for the Allied Forces in the European Theatre of World War II and serves as a travelling and flying tribute to the Tuskegee Airmen. It had become inoperable during a 2004 crash after having been restored for exhibition flying once before in 2001."
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"Tesla facilities in Tilburg Tesla, Inc. has several factory buildings in the industrial zone of Vossenberg, Tilburg, in the Netherlands. In December 2012 a European Distribution Centre in Tilburg was announced, acting as the European parts and services headquarters. The Tesla Tilburg assembly plant handles final assembly of Tesla electric vehicles for delivery within Europe. Tesla had three factory buildings in the Vossenberg industrial area of Tilburg, north of the Belgium–Netherlands border. The factory buildings are close to the () allowing for water-based delivery of intermodal containers arriving via the Port of Rotterdam. The first Tesla facility started production of completed Tesla Model S cars on 22 August 2013. It was Tesla's first factory outside California. By late-2015 the assembly plant was in the process of doubling capacity from 200 cars per week, to 450 cars per week. The factory used for final assembly has a 3.4-megawatt rooftop photovoltaic power station. Vehicles arrive from Tesla Factory in Fremont California with the interior fully fitted out to the customer's requested trim level. The battery pack and electric drive-train components which are shipped separately. The factory building contains a indoor test track with the back straight allowing speeds of . In mid-2018 Tesla took control of a third building with an area of , approximately east of the headquarters building. The building had been certified by BREEAM as having a \"very good\" sustainability rating. Dutch newspaper \"Algemeen Dagblad\" reported that it was likely to be used by Tesla for electric vehicle parts distribution. In October 2017 the original developers had sold the nearly-completed building to Standard Life Aberdeen investment organisation. Tesla facilities in Tilburg Tesla, Inc. has several factory buildings in the industrial zone of Vossenberg, Tilburg, in the Netherlands. In December 2012 a European Distribution Centre in Tilburg was announced, acting"
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"Michelle Bello Michelle Bello (born Michelle Aisha Bello; 30 September 1982) is a British Nigerian film director and film producer. She is also CEO of a Nigerian-based entertainment and publishing company, Blu Star Entertainment Limited. Bello was born in London, England. The younger of two children, Bello was born in September 1982 to Abdullahi Dominic and Sylviane Bello. Bello is of Nigerian, French, African-American and Congolese descent. She spent her early years in Lagos, Nigeria, attending nursery and primary school and at the age of eight, left for England where she obtained both her GCSE and A-level certificate. It was while growing up in England that she discovered her passion for film making and never looked back. Bello moved to the United States in 2001 to study communications (specialising in Visual Media) at the American University in Washington D.C. While there, she made several short films and during a study-abroad programme in Prague, the Czech Republic, Bello made her first 16mm short film entitled Sheltered. After graduating from the American University in 2005, she moved back to Nigeria to pursue her dreams of becoming a film producer/director. In 2007, Bello worked with prominent TV producer and presenter Mo Abudu as an Associate Producer on her hit MNet TV show Moments with Mo. Soon after, she produced the award-winning music video Greenland for well-known artist and photographer T.Y. Bello. Michelle produced and directed her first feature film called Small Boy in late 2007. The movie became an instant success in the US as out of 400 films, it was nominated for two awards at the American Black Film Festival in Los Angeles the following year. The nominations were the Heineken Red Star Award for 'Innovation in Film' and the Target Filmmaker Award for 'Most Inspirational Film'. On the home front, Small Boy went on to win two African Movie Academy Award for 'Best Art Direction' and 'Best Young Child Actor' in April 2009. The movie premiere took place in Lagos, Nigeria in May 2010. with Nollywood stars and industry practitioners in attendance. Thereafter, Bello returned to the United States and earned a master's degree in Communications, specialising in Film Directing, at Regent University in Virginia. She took the opportunity to develop her craft and made several short films. While at Regent University, Bello was selected to do an internship with the world-renowned ICM Talent Agency at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. She also attended the Sundance Film Festival that year as part of a class programme organised by the university and met several prominent film makers during her stay. After her graduation in December 2011, Bello returned home to join the thriving industry known as Nollywood. Her knowledge, combined with her experiences in the industry both locally and internationally, made Bello ably equipped to produce and direct her second feature film Flower Girl, which was released in February 2013 to rave reviews. The movie hit number one in cinemas across Nigeria and was subsequently released in Ghana and had the same response. Several months later, Flower Girl was premiered in the US at the Hollywood Black Film Festival in Los Angeles in October 2013. On 4 October, it crossed over to the UK market opening in three of their biggest cinema chains including the Odeon, Vue and Cineworld cinemas. Michelle is the first female Nigerian director to have a UK theatrical release. Flower Girl subsequently won ‘Best African Film’ in the UK at the Black International Film Festival early November 2013. The movie crossed the Atlantic once again to be screened at the Toronto Black Film Festival in February 2014. Aberdeen, Scotland, was the next stop for the film and was released in the cinema in February. It went on to win the Screen Nation Film & Television 2014 Award in the UK for ‘Favourite New Nollywood Film’ that same month. The film also received nominations for ‘Best Lighting’ at the African Movie Academy Awards 2013, and ‘Best Film’ at the Africa International Film Festival 2013. Michelle was awarded the prestigious and much coveted Trailblazer Award at the recent Africa Magic Viewer’s Choice Awards 2014, which took place in Lagos, Nigeria. The judges who had voted stated that the award was being given to her “for her commitment and demonstrated talent, her versatility and potential for cutting-edge approaches to African cinema”. This award came with a brand new Hyundai sports car. Flower Girl itself was nominated for four AMVCA awards including Best Film and Best Supporting Actor and went on to win Best Writer in a Comedy and Best Supporting Actress Awards. Michelle is currently developing her third feature film. Under the Blu Star Entertainment Limited umbrella, Bello published The Film Directory, a publication listing numerous Nigerian filmmakers and companies in the industry. The first edition was launched in September 2007 at the Abuja Film Festival and was supported by government agencies including the Nigerian Film Corporation and National Film and Video Censors Board. As a young child at school in England, Bello's athletic abilities got her in the school netball, swimming and rounders teams. In addition to this, she also made time for the more musical side of her nature and learned to play the saxophone and piano. Bello's Nigerian father, Air Vice Marshal Abdullahi Bello (rtd.), was born in Jimeta, Yola, Adamawa State, and rose through the ranks to become the youngest Chief of the Air Staff in Africa in 1980. After 25 years of meritorious service he retired from the Nigerian Air Force. Her American/French-born mother, Sylvaline, is a prominent naturalised Nigerian arts advocate, promoting performance and visual arts at home and abroad as the Chairman of a Nigerian NGO called the Masoma Africa Foundation for the Arts. From a young age, Bello's mother exposed her to musicals, shows and movies which she always found entertaining. Michelle Bello Michelle Bello (born Michelle Aisha Bello; 30 September 1982) is a British Nigerian film director and film producer. She is also CEO of a Nigerian-based entertainment and publishing company, Blu"
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"Loadstar (duo) Loadstar is a music production duo from Bristol, United Kingdom. They produce predominantly drum and bass, but also work in other genres such as dubstep and electro. The duo consists of Gavin \"Xample\" Harris and Nick \"Lomax\" Hill. They previously produced under the alias Xample & Lomax. The two artists met while Bristol-born Xample was studying sociology at Liverpool University. Lomax was one-third of the production trio Holdtight at the time. Xample booked Holdtight for a drum and bass event, and Lomax moved to Bristol shortly afterwards. Xample sent some tracks to Andy C via instant message, and soon afterwards was signed to his label RAM Records. The duo's first release was the track \"The Latter\", released on 28 May 2007. It featured as a B-side to Xample's track \"Lowdown\", released on RAM Records. Their second collaboration was \"Contra\", released as a single on 2 February 2009. Throughout 2009, they shared studio space and began to release more material together. On 26 April 2010, they released a single on RAM titled \"Remember / Rushin Dragon\". On 27 September 2010, they released their first song under the Loadstar alias: \"Link to the Past / Rapidas\". To tie in with the song title, they looked through old rave tape packs and computer game cassettes until they found an old E-mu sampler. The old interface took a long time to load each sample, and displayed a spinning star while loading. Hence, the moniker \"Loadstar\" was born. During late 2010, the duo also started producing for Hadouken!, starting with their singles \"Mecha Love\" and \"Oxygen\". On 14 November 2010, their remix of Example's \"Two Lives\" was released as their first Loadstar remix. In 2011 collaborations became more frequent, including remixes for Breakage, Chase & Status and Jess Mills. They received airplay from major radio stations such as BBC Radio 1, and were asked by Annie Mac to create a mashup of Jessie J's \"Price Tag\". On 28 March 2011, they released the second Loadstar single, titled \"Space Between / BLVD\". \"Space Between\" was their first track to have an official music video. On 24 July 2011, their track \"Kaoss\" was released as part of \"RAM 100\", the label's hundredth release. They went on to release the single \"Berlin / Hit the Ground\" and a remix of Ed Sheeran's \"You Need Me, I Don't Need You\" in 2011. 2012 saw a redesign of Loadstar's image: they created a new logo and began to gain recognition from a wider audience. The duo remixed \"Tommy's Theme\" by Noisia, which appeared on the special edition of their album Split the Atom, re-released by mau5trap. They produced \"Parasite\", the lead single from Hadouken!'s third studio album \"Every Weekend\". It was released as a free download on 11 April 2012, and the song was later released alongside remixes on 19 May. They also produced the majority of tracks on \"Every Weekend\", including the album's fifth single \"Levitate\" which was co-produced by Noisia. On 8 May, they released a free two-track single titled \"Second Skin / Terror Drone\". On 8 July, they released their first extended play titled \"Passenger / Bomber\", alongside a remix of \"Passenger\" by Culprate. In September, they released a remix of Excision's \"Sleepless\", as part of his mau5trap remix album \"X Rated: The Remixes\". In November, they released a remix of Rudimental's single Not Giving In featuring John Newman and Alex Clare. They released a remix of The Good Natured's song \"5-HT\" as a free download in December. Their most popular release to date, \"Black and White\" featuring Benny Banks, was released on 9 December 2012. The official video has accumulated over one million YouTube views. It was later announced that this was to be the first single from their debut album. It was announced in February that the duo would be releasing their debut album, titled \"Future Perfect\", on 5 May 2013. However, this was later delayed to 26 May. On 8 February, they released the track \"Drowning\" from the album as a free download. On 21 April 2013, \"Refuse to Love / Flight\" featuring uncredited vocals from Takura was released as the album's second single. On 9 May 2013, they announced the fifteen-track standard edition album track list. It includes guest appearances from Scrufizzer, Takura, Jakes, Benny Banks, Jenn D, Hadouken! and Lloyd Yates. The deluxe edition of the album features seven extra tracks. On 7 June 2014, \"Give It To Me\" appeared in the pilot episode of American crime drama \"Power\". In 2013, the duo produced grime and UK rap songs for Dot Rotten, Benny Banks and Scrufizzer. They also produced P Money's 2013 single \"Round the Clock\", the title track from his EP on Rinse. \"Bomber\" was featured in Gran Turismo 6 in 2013. The first single after \"Future Perfect\", entitled \"Stepped Outside\" / \"Under Pressure\", was released on 6 April 2014. On 17 April, \"Stepped Outside\" was added to BBC Radio 1Xtra's C-list, and it rose to their B-list on 24 April, staying in rotation for the following week. The song features uncredited vocals from Caan. On 13 July 2014, Dot Rotten released his second studio album \"Interview\" for free download, which included the Loadstar production \"Determination\". On 18 August 2014, RAM Records launched RAMLife, a series of albums containing the very best of recent RAM Records releases and other songs from other labels and artists with an hour long continuous mix from the featured artist. The first instalment was presented by Loadstar including some of there most popular tracks. The duo's next single, \"Native\" / \"Once Again\", was released on 28 August 2015, over a year later from their RAMLife album and features uncredited vocals on \"Native\" from Danny Shah. On 1 December Loadstar was a song titled \"Keeping Me High\" featuring the Scottish indie band Prides. The following single, \"Lifeline\" / \"Switch\", was released on 5 February 2016. \"Lifeline\" features uncredited vocals from Cleo Tighe of The Six. The second single of 2016 titled \"Red Rock\" / \"On The Wheels\", this was released on 24 June. their final song of 2016 was titled \"Change the Channel\" / \"Encarta\",and was released on 14 October. All these singles were non-album singles. On 20 January 2017, the duo released \"I Need the Night\" as the lead single from their forthcoming second studio album of the same name. The album's second single, \"Diamonds\", features vocals from Takura, and was released 23 March 2017. Its third single, \"Give Yourself\", was released on 21 July 2017. On 2 July, Loadstar also released a single entitled \"Ring Ring\" in collaboration with UK rap artist and former Section Boyz member Reeko Squeeze. Loadstar (duo) Loadstar is a music production duo from Bristol, United Kingdom. They produce predominantly drum and bass, but also work in other genres such as dubstep and electro. The duo consists of Gavin \"Xample\" Harris and Nick \"Lomax\" Hill. They previously produced under the alias Xample & Lomax. The two artists met while Bristol-born Xample was studying sociology at Liverpool University. Lomax was one-third of the production trio Holdtight at the time. Xample booked Holdtight for a drum and bass event, and Lomax moved to Bristol shortly afterwards. Xample sent some tracks to"
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"Daruvu Daruvu (Sound Of Mass) is a 2012 Telugu fantasy-action comedy film written and directed by Siva, produced by Burugupalli Siva Rama Krishna under Sri Venkateswara Entertainments banner and starring Ravi Teja and Taapsee Pannu in lead roles. The soundtrack of the film is composed by Vijay Antony, while the cinematography is handled by Vetrivel. Ramesh Gopi and Anil Ravipudi penned the dialogues and Gautham Raju handled the editing department. The movie was remade in Odia as \"Ashok Samrat\". The film's story is similar to fantasy films like \"Yamaleela\", \"Yamudiki Mogudu\", \"Yamagola\" and \"Yamadonga\". Bullet Raja (Ravi Teja) is a small-time crook with a good heart. He bumps into Swetha (Taapsee Pannu) at a function and falls in love with her, but she is already engaged to Harbour Babu (Sushant Singh), a powerful local goon. One day, using Swetha's dance master Vidya Balan (Brahmanandam), Bullet Raja and Swetha manage to run away from Babu to reach a hilltop, but Babu tracks them down and is severely beaten by Bullet Raja. At the last moment, Babu uses his Scorpio car to hit Bullet Raja off the hilltop. Bullet Raja clings on to a branch growing on the hill, but slips off it and falls down, yet still manages to survive. Just then, Chitragupta (M. S. Narayana) changes the story and the car that was stuck on the edge of the hill falls down on top of Bullet Raja and as he was crushed, the Scorpio car blasts, thus killing him. Bullet Raja heads to Yamalokam, where he realizes his life has unjustly been terminated by Chitragupta, and so he picks up a fight with Yamadharma Raja (Prabhu). A helpless Yamadharma Raja gives Bullet Raja 3 options. Either he could be a Chinese warrior who was to die 2 days later, a terrorist who also has the same life span, or greedy, evil, and corrupt Home Minister of Haryana, Ravindra (also Ravi Teja), who decides to turn over a new leaf after he realizes the affection and support the public has for him, but he is killed by his associates Balram (Sayaji Shinde), Shantaram (Avinash), and Pavitrananda (Raghu Babu). Thus, Bullet Raja decides to enter Ravindra, who seemed the most normal among them. After Bullet Raja enters into Ravindra's body, he confronts Ravindra's and his own enemies and fulfills the wishes of his mother Parvathamma (Jayasudha) and followers. Director Siva who previously made films like Souryam, Sankham and Siruthai started working on this film in early 2011. Burugupalli Siva Rama Krishna who previously produced films like Thammudu, Sahasa Veerudu Sagara Kanya and Yuvaraju signed Ravi Teja for the film. The film was officially launched on 18 August 2011 in Hyderabad, India. After several months of filming, in January 2012 it was announced that the film was titled \"Daruvu\". In February 2012, filming was disrupted by Telangana activists. The incident happened when the unit was filming Osmania University campus, Hyderabad. The activists raising slogans rammed onto the location and damaged the furniture and film equipment thus forcing the crew to call off the shoot. Ravi Teja was the first actor who was cast in the film. In October 2011, it was announced that Taapsee Pannu who earlier worked with Ravi Teja in \"Veera\" was signed for the film. The film is a socio-fantasy flick dealing with Yama Dharmaraju and Yamalokam. Veteran actor Kaikala Satyanarayana who was famous for his portrayal of Yama Dharmaraju in several films was cast for that role. Tamil actor Prabhu was cast for the role of Yama Dharmaraju's son. Popular Kannada actor Avinash and Marathi actor Sayaji Shinde were cast for important roles in the film. Top comedians of Telugu cinema like Bramhanandam, M. S. Narayana, Raghu Babu, Dharmavarapu Subramanyam, Srinivas Reddy and Vennela Kishore were also cast for vital roles in the film. After the film was launched in August 2011, first schedule of filming began in November 2011. Filming took place in Hyderabad and Chennai. Second schedule of filming began on 11 December 2011. Filming took place in Hyderabad, Badami and Bangkok. In January 2012, it was announced that 60% of the filming was completed. It was reported that huge sets of Yamalokam were specially designed and constructed in Ramoji Film City for the film. Filming took place in Ramoji Film City till 3 February 2012 after which three songs were shot from 5 February 2012 till 20 February 2012 in Bangkok. On 5 March 2012 it was announced that the filming will completed by 16 March 2012 and post-production beginning soon after that. He is looking forward to Bollywood too. The movie was scheduled for a worldwide release on 4 May 2012 but got postponed to 18 May 2012 due to delay in the post production work. The film was again postponed and fixed, released on 25 May 2012. The film was given a U/A certificate by the Censor Board of India. The movie met with Negative Reviews, However praising Ravi Teja's Performance. Rediff gave a review stating \"Daruvu may be lapped up by Ravi Teja fans but others may find it pretty dreary. If the tagline 'Sound of Mass' means that it's right for the masses, then it's got that right; a discerning audience won't find anything to cheer about. NDTV gave a review stating \"Daruvu suffers from gaps in reason and logic. As a socio fantasy film, it lives on as a punch line of bad movie jokes. Even Ravi Teja's comic timing and Taapsee's simpering can't resurrect a film that has gaping plot holes you could fall into.\" IBN Live gave a review stating \"Some people make films for themselves, and some others for juveniles. 'Daruvu' is a film made for the low brow. Even those given to mean enjoyment in an inebriated condition in the most godless hamlet would find this film cheap.\" greatandhra.com gave a review stating \"Overall, this is a film for those who want to see a good act from Ravi Teja but if you are expecting a wholesome entertainer then it will completely disappoint you. Muta Mestri + Yama Donga + Yamudiki Mogudu = Daruvu.\" Oneindia Entertainment gave a review stating \"Daruvu is just like any other movie of Ravi Teja. It looks like an old film narrated in a new way, an old wine in a new bottle of course. Like the old wine, which would always be very tasty as many years you keep in a bottle, in the same way Ravi Teja's comedy abilities would always make the audiences happy.\" 123telugu.com gave a review stating \"Ravi Teja continues to amaze with his incredible energy levels. His best performance comes when he portrays the role of the Home Minister with negative shades. There is a lot of potential in this fine actor and someone needs to tap that but there is not much he can do when there are a host of other issues with the film. Poor graphics, lengthy narration and bad music are glaring problems. There are a few good moments in the film, but the key word here is 'few'. Watch the movie without any expectations only if you are a Ravi Teja fan.\" SuperGoodMovies.com gave a review stating \"If you are looking for Raviteja's film without much logic and story, Daruvu may appeal to you. On the entertainment front it fails to deliver the goods.\" Cinegoer.com gave a review stating \"Daruvu is a downright delusional film for Ravi Teja fans. Clichéd is an over used term for this story, the director takes a couple of plots and dumps it in a blender with the usual consistent Ravi Teja energy and Brahmi syrup that has long passed the expiry date.\" The film has completed 50 days on 13 July 2012 in 56 centres. Despite received mixed reviews the film grossed 970 million at the box office. The film declared 'Hit' at the box office. The audio of the film was released on 18 April 2012 and the launch was held at Prasad labs in Hyderabad on the same day. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Vijay Antony. The lyrics for the songs were written by Bhaskarabhatla, Ramajogayya Sastry, Suddala Ashok Teja and Basha Sri. Except \"Thom Thom\" all other songs were reused from Vijay Antony's own Tamil compositions. Daruvu Daruvu (Sound Of Mass) is a 2012 Telugu",
"used term for this story, the director takes a couple of plots and dumps it in a blender with the usual consistent Ravi Teja energy and Brahmi syrup that has long passed the expiry date.\" The film has completed 50 days on 13 July 2012 in 56 centres. Despite received mixed reviews the film grossed 970 million at the box office. The film declared 'Hit' at the box office. The audio of the film was released on 18 April 2012 and the launch was held at Prasad labs in Hyderabad on the same day. The soundtrack of the film was composed by Vijay Antony. The lyrics for the songs were written by Bhaskarabhatla, Ramajogayya Sastry, Suddala Ashok Teja and Basha Sri. Except \"Thom Thom\" all other songs were reused from Vijay Antony's own Tamil compositions. Daruvu Daruvu (Sound Of Mass) is a 2012 Telugu fantasy-action comedy film written and directed by Siva, produced by Burugupalli Siva Rama Krishna"
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"Ben Piazza Ben Piazza (July 30, 1933 – September 7, 1991) was an American actor. He made his film debut in Sidney J. Furie's Canadian film \"A Dangerous Age\" (1959) followed by his Hollywood debut in \"The Hanging Tree\" (1959). Though he signed contracts with Warner Bros. and Gary Cooper's production companies for five years he didn't make another film until \"No Exit\" (1962). A prolific television and film character actor, Piazza is perhaps most widely recognized as the wealthy restaurant patron in John Landis' 1980 comedy hit \"The Blues Brothers\" from whom Jake (John Belushi) offers to purchase his wife and daughter. Prior to that, he also played the violent boyfriend who scars Liza Minnelli's character's face in Otto Preminger's \"Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon\" (1970). Piazza's other film appearances include \"The Candy Snatchers\" (1973), \"The Bad News Bears\" (1976), \"I Never Promised You a Rose Garden\" (1977), \"Nightwing\" (1979), Peter Bogdanovich's \"Mask\" (1985), \"Clean and Sober\" (1988), and \"Guilty by Suspicion\" (1991), where he portrayed Hollywood film director/mogul Darryl F. Zanuck. Piazza also wrote plays and a novel, \"The Exact and Very Strange Truth\" (1964), a coming-of-age story about an Italian-American boy in Little Rock, Arkansas, which was Piazza’s hometown. However, Ben wrote in the book’s introduction that any resemblance between the characters and real people was “irrelevant,” although the parallels to his own life were unmistakable. Piazza dedicated the book to openly gay playwright Edward Albee, who was a close friend. Piazza was married to actress Dolores Dorn. He died of AIDS-related cancer. Ben Piazza Ben Piazza (July 30, 1933 – September 7, 1991) was an American actor. He made his film debut in Sidney J. Furie's Canadian film \"A Dangerous Age\" (1959) followed by his Hollywood debut in \"The Hanging Tree\" (1959). Though"
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"Governor of Montserrat The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The main role of the Governor is to appoint the Chief Minister. Andrew Pearce is the current Governor of Montserrat. The Governor has their own flag in Montserrat, the Union Flag defaced with the territory's coat of arms. The official residence of the Governor is Government House, located in Woodlands. In 2003, a petition signed by 200 people in Montserrat, called upon the British government to sack the resident Governor, at that time, Tony Longrigg, stating that his policies were ruining the economy of the territory. Longrigg had prevented villa owners from returning to certain areas of the territory threatened by volcanic eruption, a decision he made based on scientific advice provided by the Director of the Montserrat Volcano Observatory (MVO) and the Scientific Advisory Committee. Governor of Montserrat The Governor of Montserrat is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom's overseas territory of Montserrat. The Governor is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the British government. The main"
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"Kansas City Jazz Orchestra The Kansas City Jazz Orchestra is a not-for-profit 501c(3) big band jazz orchestra based in the Kansas City metropolitan area and part of the Kansas City jazz music scene. The Kansas City Jazz Orchestra was founded by Jim Mair and Gene Hall in Kansas City in May 2003 after being inspired by similar jazz orchestras across the United States, though it was primarily modeled after the Columbus Jazz Orchestra. Jim's wife, Mary Mair, was also integral in getting the orchestra started. Mary Mair took the helm as the first Executive Director. The Kansas City Jazz Orchestra had their debut performance was in 2003. They began with theme-based concerts and a two-concert subscription season. In the beginning of the orchestra's performing schedule, they regularly drew audiences of up to 1,000 people. \"Our vision for the Kansas City Jazz Orchestra is to be on the same cultural plane as the symphony, the ballet, and the Lyric opera,\" said Mair when elaborating on a strategy to grow the Orchestra and attract young audiences and musicians,\" said Mair. To that end, the orchestra incorporated youth outreach and education into their strategy. They co-sponsored the 3rd annual Kansas City Kansas Community College Jazz Camp and held clinics at Kansas City schools. By 2008, the orchestra was an 18-piece band. They connected with audiences through their tributes to Duke Ellington, Stan Kenton, Benny Goodman, Frank Sinatra, Mel Tormé, Woody Herman, and even Kansas City jazz great Count Basie. They had played at Unity Temple on the Kansas City Plaza for most of their concerts, but after 5 years they grew to the Folly Theater as well. As of 2018, the concert season is held at the large Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts. Since spring of 2013 the orchestra is directed by Clint Ashlock, who succeeded Kerry Strayer. The orchestra embarked on its first international tour in May 2018, performing at the Swinging Hannover festival in Germany and other concerts in Poland. Kansas City Jazz Orchestra The Kansas City Jazz Orchestra is a not-for-profit 501c(3) big band jazz orchestra based in the Kansas City metropolitan area and part of the Kansas City jazz music scene. The Kansas City Jazz Orchestra was founded by Jim Mair and Gene Hall in Kansas City in May 2003 after being inspired by similar jazz orchestras across the United States, though it was primarily modeled after the"
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"Joseph White (orientalist) Joseph White (1745–1814) was an English orientalist and theologian, Laudian Professor of Arabic and then Regius Professor of Hebrew at the University of Oxford. He was born in Gloucestershire, the son of Thomas White, a journeyman weaver. He received his earliest education in one of the Gloucester charity schools, and started life in his father's employment. Wealthy neighbours enabled him to pursue his studies at Ruscomb and Gloucester, and with support from John Moore he entered Wadham College, Oxford, as a commoner on 6 June 1765. In September of that year he became scholar of his college, where he shortly afterwards obtained the Hody exhibition for Hebrew, as well as other prizes. He was fellow from 1771 until 1788, and filled various college offices. He graduated B.A. on 5 April 1769, M.A. on 19 February 1773, B.D. on 17 May 1779, and D.D. on 17 December 1787. At his patron's desire he devoted himself to the study of Syriac, Arabic, and Persian, and in 1775, by a unanimous vote, was elected to the Laudian chair of Arabic. At the suggestion of Robert Lowth the delegates of the Clarendon Press entrusted to White the task of completing and issuing an edition of the Philoxenian version (more accurately, Harklensian) of the New Testament, for which Glocester Ridley had left materials, from two manuscripts which he had brought from the east. White's edition appeared in 1778. From 1780 to 1783 he was occupied in preparing an edition of the Persian text of the 'Institutes of Timur,' of which a specimen was issued in the former year, while the whole appeared in 1783, at the expense of the East India Company. The text was accompanied by a translation into English by Major Davy, then Persian secretary to the governor-general of Bengal. In 1783 White, one of the preachers at Whitehall Chapel, was appointed to the recently founded Bampton lectureship for 1784, his subject being a comparison between Islam and Christianity. He asked Samuel Badcock, an impoverished clergyman and newspaper writer, to write up one lecture and large portions of others, as a secret arrangement. The lectures were very well received, and White received preferment: the rectory of Melton, Suffolk, through Moore's influence, and then a prebend at Gloucester Cathedral, through Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow. Badcock then died, and White, in his letter of condolence to his sister, requested her to return all letters in Badcock's papers; but Miss Badcock took advice from Robert Burd Gabriel, to whom her brother had been curate. Among the papers was a bond for £500. White at first refused to pay, but afterwards agreed. Gabriel had meanwhile circulated the story, and being challenged from several quarters to produce evidence for his assertion, at length published a number of White's letters to Badcock, evidence of the joint authorship, and also suggesting that yet other hands had been employed on the discourses. Gabriel's pamphlet ran through several editions; in a rejoinder from one of White's partisans Gabriel was virulently attacked. White in 1790 published an account of his literary obligations, maintaining that the bond was for help in a projected history of Egypt, of which work on Abd-el-latif was to be the first part. Between 1790 and 1800 he published little. In the latter year his edition of \"Abdullatif\" at last appeared, with a dedication to Sir William Scott. He had printed the text sixteen years before, but, not being satisfied with it, had presented the copies to Heinrich Paulus who issued the work in Germany. White's edition embodied a translation which had been begun by Edward Pococke the Younger, but was completed by White himself. The elaborate monograph on Pompey's Pillar which White published in 1804 became antiquated in the light of advances in Egyptology. The rest of White's literary work was concentrated on the textual study of the Old and New Testaments, and earned him in 1804 the regius professorship of Hebrew at Oxford, carrying with it a canonry of Christ Church, Oxford. Besides various pamphlets, in which he advocated a retranslation of the Bible, and proposed a new edition of the \"Septuagint\", to be based on the Hexaplar-Syriac manuscript then recently discovered at Milan, he published in 1800 a \"Diatessaron or Harmony of the Gospels\". His edition of the \"New Testament in Greek\" (1st edit. 1808; often reprinted) popularised Johann Jakob Griesbach's \"Critical Studies\". His last work, \"Criseos Griesbachianae in Novum Testamentum Synopsis\" (1811) contains a summary of the more important results. Both as a theologian and as a critic he was most conservative. White died at Christ Church, Oxford, on 23 May 1814. He married, in 1790, Mary Turner, sister of Samuel Turner who visited Tibet as a British envoy. She died in 1811. Joseph White (orientalist) Joseph White (1745–1814) was an English"
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"Horace Waters Horace Waters was a 19th-century hymn publisher and frequent collaborator with Stephen Foster and Susan McFarland Parkhurst. In 1845, he established his \"Piano and Music Establishment\". He was a retailer of organs, pianos, sheet music and melodeons. In the 1850s he began to manufacture his own organs and melodeons. He added his own line of pianos to his manufacturing after the Civil War. His sons, T. Leed Waters and Horace Waters Jr became active in the company around 1864. The popularity of the melodeons and organs declined while the piano became a more common instrument in the home and so the company discontinued the manufacture of these. He also produced player pianos. Waters was described as having strong convictions, and his life was regarded as \"a living commentary upon the precepts and principles of the New Testament\". Horace Waters Horace Waters was a 19th-century hymn publisher and frequent collaborator with Stephen Foster and Susan McFarland Parkhurst. In 1845, he established his \"Piano and Music Establishment\". He was a retailer of organs, pianos, sheet music and melodeons. In the 1850s he began to manufacture his own organs and melodeons. He added his own line of pianos to his manufacturing"
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"Jintur Jintur city and a municipal council in Parbhani district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Jintur is located at . It has an average elevation of 455 metres (1492 feet). As population of 2011 India census, Jintur has population of 44,291 of which 22,616 are males while 21,675 are females. Jintur has female sex ratio is of 958 higher than Maharashtra state average of 929. Literacy rate of Jintur city is 78.26% lower than state average of 82.34%. In Jintur, Male literacy is around 83.45% while female literacy rate is 72.90%. In Jintur, 14.83% of the population is under 6 years of age. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 8.91% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 1.80% of total population in Jintur. An ancient Jain Temple of Shri Digamber Jain is situated in sub hills of Sahyadri Mountains north of Jintur in Parabhani District of Maharashtra. There are two hills Nemgiri and Chandragiri famous for their ancient artistic and miraculous Jain Cave Temples and Chaityalayas. There are seven caves and Idols of Bhagvan Mahaveer, Bhagvan Adinath, Bhagvan Shantinath, Bhagvan Neminath, Bhagvan Parshwanath, Nandishwar and Bhagvan Bahubali. In first cave of Nemgiri, an attractive idol of Lord Mahaveer in cross legged seating posture is installed, 3.5 feet in height. This was installed in V.S. 1676. Ancient feet images of Acharya Bhadrabahu also attract pilgrims. In second cave there is an ancient idol of Lord Adinath in state of meditation & penance. In third cave there a 6-foot idol of Lord Shantinath with symbol of deer is seen. Few years ago, black marble has been installed underneath. In a fourth cave 7.5-foot-high beautiful idol of Baghwan Neminath in cross legged seating posture is seen. Bhagvan Neminath idol is the largest Padmasanastha idol and in Cave Number 5 a miraculous idol of Lord Antariksha Parshwanath is staying in the space 3 inches high from surface. This idol is about tall. The tiny sixth cave has 4.5-foot Nandishwar. However it is considered as a Manastambha for Mulnayak Neminath bhagwaan with four heads in four directions. The last one, the seventh cave has an idol standing 5.5 feet high of Lord Bahubali. These temples are at least 400 years old. They were created by King Sanghavi and his family, and currently maintained by the Digamber Jain samaj Jintur. Two more Digamber Jain temples are situated in city, one is Shree Parshvanath Digamber Jain Mandir, with glass work, and another one is Shree Mahaveer Digamber Jain Mandir. A Choubeesee is carved in an artistic way here, it includes great standing idols of Lord Shantinath, Kunthunath & Arahnath. These were installed in V.S. 1665. 1. Shree 1008 Bhagavan Mahaveer Digambar Jain Mandir <br>2. Shri Nrusimha Temple Varud <br>3. Sai Baba Mandir <br>4. Balaji Mandir <br>5. Gajanan Mandir <br>6. Gajanan Maharaj Mandir, Halvira <br>7. Mainapuri temple <br>8. Pachalegaon temple <br>9. Sidheshwar temple <br>10. केहाळ nathuram maharaj temple नथुराम बाबा हे वारकरी संप्रदायातील मोठे संत होते. त्यांची राहणी साधी होती. त्यांना वारकरी संप्रदायाकडून सर्वोच्च तसेच अनेक विद्वानांकडून मानाचे पुरस्कार मिळाले होते . संपादन - मदन घुगे केहाळ <br>11. Shri Ram mandir <br>12. Motha Maroti mandir <br>13. Shri Ramban devi mandir <br>14. Amba devi mandir Bhogaon <br>15. Shree Chintamani Parasnath Digmbar Jain mandir <br>16. Shree Ishwarshing maharaj Amargad <br>17. Jay sevalal maharaj Mandir, Amaragad <br>18. Shree Nagreshwar Mandir <br>19.Mhasoba Temple Itoli <br>20.Jagrut Hanuman Mandir Ghagara There are many good institutions around the town, like Government Polytechnic Institute, Government Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Dynaeshwar Vidyalay, Bordikar english school New Era English School, Jawahar Vidyalay, Eklavya Balvidya Mandir (primary & secondary), DSM college, SPARTAN Institute of Education and Research, Jintur,PODAR Jumbo Kids,Krantisinh Nana Patil Vastigruh, Shivaji Nagar, Jintur Town has good connectivity to Parbhani, Hingoli, Aurangabad by road. Nearest Railway Station is Parbhani at . Nearest operational airport is at Aurangabad . There are many buses to Jintur from Parbhani and Aurangbad on daily basis. Jintur Jintur city and a municipal council in Parbhani district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Jintur is located at . It has an average elevation of 455 metres (1492 feet). As population of 2011 India census, Jintur has population of 44,291 of which 22,616 are males while 21,675 are females. Jintur has female sex ratio is of 958"
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"Dan Patch Trainer of the Year Award The Dan Patch Trainer of the Year Award is an annual award created in 1985 by members of the United States Harness Writers Association (USHWA). The Association's website states that their members' determination is aided by input from the American Harness Racing Secretaries plus logistic expertise provided by the United States Trotting Association. The award winner receives the Glen Garnsey Trophy, named in honor of the Hall of Fame trainer who died at the zenith of his career at age 52 in 1985 as the result of an automobile accident. There are several categories of USHWA Dan Patch Award named for the legendary pacer Dan Patch (1896-1916). Past winners: Dan Patch Trainer of the Year Award The Dan Patch Trainer of the Year Award is an annual award created in 1985 by members of the United States Harness Writers Association (USHWA). The Association's website states that their members' determination is aided by input from the American Harness Racing Secretaries plus logistic expertise provided by the United States Trotting Association. The award winner receives the Glen Garnsey Trophy, named in honor of the Hall of Fame trainer who died at the zenith of his"
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"Australia at the 1968 Summer Paralympics Australia competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel. The Games significantly expanded in 1968 when compared to previous years, as did the Australian team and the events included in the Games. Mexico City were originally to host the 1968 Paralympics, however, they were moved to Tel Aviv in Israel. Although there was disappointment expressed at not being able to have to Paralympics in the 'Olympic' city of that year, the Tel Aviv organising committee worked hard to provide a positive experience for the athletes and their support staff. The Australian team however had to be content with dubious living conditions for the duration of the competition, being housed in an underground car park. Despite the poor accommodation the athletes performed well, with world records falling and numerous Australian competitors taking home a swag of gold medals (see 'Medalists' table below). Australian's haul of 38 medals earned them fourth spot on the 'unofficial' placing. Sir Ludwig Guttman was a German and Jewish neurologist who worked with the disabled in the national spinal injuries center called the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England. Sport for the disabled was involved in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury patients as it was believed to provide a physiological and psychological therapy. Guttman organised a competition with Archery and Javelin called the Stoke Mandeville Games that began on 28 July in 1948, the same day as the opening of the 1948 Olympic Games in London, with the hope it would one day become the Olympic Games for the disabled. This competition became international in 1952 when athletes from Holland participated and continued to grow. Sir Ludwig Guttman visited the Melville Rehabilitation Centre and invited Australian athletes to compete in the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1957. The 1960 Stoke Mandeville Games in Rome have been officially recognised by the International Olympic Committee as the first Summer Paralympic Games and Guttman went down in history as the man who connected rehabilitation to competitive sport and created the Paralympic Games. The 1968 Paralympic Games were held in Tel Aviv from 4 to 13 November, in and around the ILAN Sports Centre. The four other locations that were used were the Hayarkon Souts Club, National Stadium Rmat Gan and the Ramat Gan Bowling Club. The logo of the 1968 Games represents three interlocking wheelchair wheels that were used by the Stoke Mandeville Games at the time and represent the ideals of the Games which are friendship, unity and sportsmanship. ISMG 1968 stands for International Stoke Mandeville Games 1968, which was the name of the Games before they were labelled the Paralympics. The length of the 1968 Pralympics was longer than that of the Paralympics prior in both Rome in 1960 and Tokyo in 1964. The Paralympic games expanded in 1968 compared to previous years as the participating nations increased by seven to include Canada, Ethiopia, India, Jamaica, Korea, New Zealand and Spain in their first Paralympics in Tel Aviv. The Games saw an increase in sports with the addition of Lawn Bowls and an increase in the number of events from 144 to 188 with changes in classifications and Women's Basketball and the Men's 100m Sprint were added. The 1968 Paralympics saw a large increase in participation in that there were 378 in Tokyo and 750 athletes in Tel Aviv. The only type of disability included in Tel Aviv was spinal cord injuries, other disabilities were not added until 1976. At this time, the wheelchairs used by the Australian athletes were multipurpose and few had changes to them from the generic everyday wheelchair that increased stability or maneuverability to specialise them for sport. There were also restrictions in that athletes could not use straps to secure them to the wheelchair and rules were provided for cushion and wheelchair height to create and even playing field among the athletes. While the 1968 Paralympics in Tel Aviv were not as developed and professional as they are in the present day, Australian paraplegic athletes involved have largely discussed the high competitiveness of making the Australian team and the Tel Aviv Games themselves. Paraplegic sport in Australia was, like the United Kingdom, an aspect of rehabilitation from spinal injury for many patients, but the growing international status of sport for the disabled helped in the creation of initiatives in Australia. Interstate competitions began in Australia in 1959 and sporting organisations for disabled athletes were prevalent and still growing in each state. These organisations as well as Sir George Bedbrook, a surgeon and director of the spinal unit of the Royal Perth Hospital, and others played a vital role in the rise of organised, competitive disabled sport and the Paralympic movement in Australia. A key component of the Paralympic Games is that it is always aimed to closely follow the Olympics and to be hosted by the same nation as the Olympic Games. However, there have been some exceptions to this due to various reasons and the 1968 Paralympic Games is one such exception. The competition was set to be held in Mexico City as the Olympic Games were that year and everything seemed to be progressing well until an American team lead by Ben Lipton was to travel to Mexico City to assess the altitude impact on the disabled athletes as there were some concerns. Upon arranging their travel, the president of the rehabilitation center in Mexico sent a letter stating that due to financial constraints and accessibility issues with the facilities, Mexico city would not be able to host the Paralympic Games in 1968. This rejection of the Olympic host city was a blow to the agenda of Guttman as well as those involved in promoting sport internationally for the disabled but applications to be the host city were put forward by Buenos Aires, New York, and Tel Aviv. Guttman selected Tel Aviv, Israel as the host city and the President of the Israeli Stoke Mandeville Committee Arieh Fink, stated that the Israeli Government was most enthusiastic about being selected, given that it coincided with the twentieth anniversary of the State of Israel, as well as the twentieth anniversary of the Stoke Mandeville Games. Israel is a country with a long tradition of wheelchair sports due to their large number of spinal injuries from war, they had the resources to host a Paralympic Games and were, at the time, a powerful country of the International Olympic Committee. The cost to compete in the 1968 Paralympics in Tel Aviv was a challenge that all athletes faced in the Australian team, however, Israel paid for 50% of all teams travel costs which undoubtedly helped Australians to fund their trip. Some funding was also received from the Australian government to support these athletes. The athletes were responsible to raise the money required for the Games, their uniforms, equipment, travel, training and administration fees themselves and this was achieved through full-time work and a large amount of fundraising. Athletes fundraised through demonstration Games, donations, parties, street stalls, competitions, raffles, balls and anything they could do to raise funds to compete. When interviewed regarding the 1968 Paralympic Games, Australian athletes state that it was a necessity to work full-time to be able to afford to compete, but employment was not easy for all the athletes. Full-time work and fundraising meant that Australian athletes were not able to focus on and dedicate the same time to their training as much as some other countries athletes were able to. A highly prevalent concern of Australian athletes at the 1968 Paralympic Games was the accommodation and facilities that were provided in Israel. While the women athletes and other nations like America were in the rooms at the Kfar Maccabiah or Ramat-Aviv hotels, the male athletes on the Australia team were provided makeshift rooms in the",
"balls and anything they could do to raise funds to compete. When interviewed regarding the 1968 Paralympic Games, Australian athletes state that it was a necessity to work full-time to be able to afford to compete, but employment was not easy for all the athletes. Full-time work and fundraising meant that Australian athletes were not able to focus on and dedicate the same time to their training as much as some other countries athletes were able to. A highly prevalent concern of Australian athletes at the 1968 Paralympic Games was the accommodation and facilities that were provided in Israel. While the women athletes and other nations like America were in the rooms at the Kfar Maccabiah or Ramat-Aviv hotels, the male athletes on the Australia team were provided makeshift rooms in the carpark area beneath the high-rise building. The grounds were covered in plastic, athletes were provided camp stretchers with straw mattresses, that were replaced by the Australian team and staff with mattresses. There was one shower for all the men that was said to not have proper plumbing and very quickly overflowed and slightly flooded the area they were living in and one toilet. It is believed mosquitos were also present in the area in which the Australian team were living. The food provided was described by some of the Australian athletes as insufficient and unappetising, however, this may reflect cultural and cuisine differences and not the quality or nutritional content of the food. Multiple athletes on the Australian team, however not all athletes at the Games, have stated that these factors created some unpleasantness and reduced enjoyment of their experience at the 1968 Paralympic Games. The travel to and from the Games is not widely documented and as the image shows, the athletes were carried onto the planes in Australia heading to Israel and reports from the Daphne Hilton in the NLA interviews (NLA) state that a forklift was used to transport the passengers off the plane in Israel. During the Games, athletes travelled by bus to the venues and were almost always accompanied by Israeli female army officers. The opening ceremony for the 1968 Paralympic Games took place on 4 November 1968, in the University of Jerusalem Stadium. Approximately twenty thousand spectators were present at the ceremony, which included an introduction and lap of honour, known as the ‘wheel past’ of competing athletes, a military band performance, and folk dancing accompanied by a girls choir. Deputy Prime Minister of Israel Yigal Allon delivered the welcome message, as the President was recovering from illness at the time, and the founder and president of the Paralympic Games, Sir Ludwig Guttmann gave the opening speech. Giving the oath on behalf of the athletes was Israeli's Zvi Ben-Zvi, one of the pioneering Israeli Paralympians during the 1954 Stoke Mandeville Games, having becoming a paraplegic serving in the Arab-Israeli War. The Australian team doubled in size from 16 in 1964 to 32 in 1968, it consisted of 32 members in total, 23 men and 9 women (results, Australia at paralympics, remembering and reflecting). : <br> Women - Pam Smith, Di Workman, Cherrie Ireland (née Loydstrom), Elaine Schreiber, Marion O'Brien, Daphne Hilton (née Ceeney), Elizabeth Edmondson, Lorraine Dodd, Sally Lamb Men - Kevin Coombs, Kevin Cunningham, Bill Mather-Brown, Bruno Moretti, Frank Ponta, Gary Hooper, Vic Renalson, Kevin Munro, Roy Fowler, Kevin Bawden, Brian Chambers, Robert McIntyre, John Beattie, Peter Burt, Allan McLucas, Tony South, Alan Conn, Felix Blums, Jeff Simmonds, Don Watts, John Newton, John Martin, Miko Taminin The athletes were supported by a large, dedicated support staff, a mixture of experienced practitioners and fresh faces (results, NLA: <br> – Dr John Yeo (Team Leader), George Bedbrook(Senior Medical Officer), John 'Johnno' Johnston (Team Manager), Elizabeth Kosmala (née Richards)(Assistant Secretary), Mr Ashley Coops (Secretary), Mrs Aileen Coops (Attendant), Mr E. Kyle (Assistant Medical Officer), Miss D. Newton (Physiotherapist), Jan Hooper (Nurse), Kevin Betts (Attendant), M. Wilson (Attendant), William 'Bill' Gibbs (Sports Instructor), Jack McCafferty (Attendant), Miss Janet Tyler (nurse), Miss Nancy Joyce (nurse), Jan Hooper (Assistant Sports instructor, Baggage Marshall) and S.C. Chase (Assistant Baggage Marshall). Kevin Coombs commented that the Australian team didn't have the sponsorship or training camps that other countries were providing their athletes. He noted that due to inadequate funding to be eligible athletes had to participate in several sports. Coombs also noted that the accommodation was very rough with the team being housed in an undercover car park, with one toilet and shower for 32 men and camp stretches with straw mattresses. The competing athletes in the Games underwent selection by first being nominated to be eligible for selection by their state association and then being selected by coaches based on performance in the National Paraplegic Games held in 1968 before the Paralympic Games. This selection process was seen by some, as slightly flawed, yet other athletes had no issue with this process. Competitiveness to be selected to represent Australia at the Paralympic Games in 1968 was very high and athletes participated in numerous events because they were skillful enough but primarily to increase their chances of being selected. All of the athletes listed above competed and performed well enough in their events to be selected to represent Australia in the Paralympic Games in 1968. There were 188 events from 10 sports included in the schedule of the 1968 Paralympic games in Tel Aviv and as a nation, Australia competed in 7 of these sports. Both the sports included and the number of events at the 1968 Paralympic Games increased from the previous Games from 144 to 188 events and from 9 to 10 sports adding Lawn Bowls as well as the Men's 100m Sprint for men and Women's Basketball events. Australian athletes were considered as quite successful, demonstrated as Australia claimed 4th place in the final medal tally. Details of events, Australian competitors and their results official results as reported by the International Paralympic Committee can be found below. Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Felix Blums, Alan Conn, Roy Fowler, Allan McLucas, Tony South Women – Pam Smith, Di Workman Archery was a strength of Australian athletes as three podium finishes were achieved in this sport, which saw a large number of athletes competing in these events. Tony South took the gold medal in the Men's Ablion Round Open event of his strongest sport by a mere 2 points to his Dutch opponent but was not able to beat him in the FITA Round Open and came in second. Whereas, Allan McLucas missed out of a gold medal in the Men's St. Nicholas Round Cervical by just 4 points winning the silver medal. Alan Conn finished with a gold medal in the Men's Columbia Round Open, setting a new world record in the process with a score of 618. While the women did not have as many competitors, both Workman and Smith placed in the middle of their event rankings. Australia was represented by: Men – Peter Burt, Brian Chambers, Kevin Coombs, Kevin Cunningham, Gary Hooper, John Martin, Bill Mather-Brown, Robert McIntyre, Allan McLucas, Bruno Moretti, Kevin Munro, Frank Ponta, Vic Renalson, Noel Simmons Women – Lorraine Dodd, Daphne Hilton, Cherrie Loydstrom, Marion O'Brien, Elaine Schreiber, Pam Smith, Di Workman Athletics was Australia's most successful pursuit in Tel Aviv, finishing with a total of 19 medals made up of 7 gold, 7 silver, and 5 bronze. Australia had multiple competitors and took part in a large portion of the events that were available, as is seen in the table below. Although Athletics wasn't her primary pursuit, Lorraine Dodd still managed to find herself on the medal podium twice, earning a silver medal in the Women's Slalom A event, and a bronze in the Women's",
"Men – Peter Burt, Brian Chambers, Kevin Coombs, Kevin Cunningham, Gary Hooper, John Martin, Bill Mather-Brown, Robert McIntyre, Allan McLucas, Bruno Moretti, Kevin Munro, Frank Ponta, Vic Renalson, Noel Simmons Women – Lorraine Dodd, Daphne Hilton, Cherrie Loydstrom, Marion O'Brien, Elaine Schreiber, Pam Smith, Di Workman Athletics was Australia's most successful pursuit in Tel Aviv, finishing with a total of 19 medals made up of 7 gold, 7 silver, and 5 bronze. Australia had multiple competitors and took part in a large portion of the events that were available, as is seen in the table below. Although Athletics wasn't her primary pursuit, Lorraine Dodd still managed to find herself on the medal podium twice, earning a silver medal in the Women's Slalom A event, and a bronze in the Women's 60m Wheelchair dash A. Dodd actually finished with the same time as the silver medallist in the 60m dash, but upon review was awarded the bronze. Gary Hooper competed in eight different track and field disciplines, earning a medal in three. There was a close battle between Australia's Gary Hooper and Bruno Moretti in the Men's 100m Wheelchair Dash. Hooper finished second to compatriot Bruno Moretti in the heats but Hooper came through to finish first in the final ahead of Moretti by 0.40 seconds and took home the gold medal. The Men's 4x40m Open Relay team was made up of Gary Hooper, Martin, Moretti and Munro who won a silver medal, only being beaten by a world record time set by the United States (results). The Australians were faster in the final than in the heat but this was not enough to surpass the American team. The Women's 4x40m Open Relay team was Dodd, Hilton, Loydstrom and Shreiber were not as successful as the men and finished in 8th place just behind the French team. Australia's men also saw some success in the slalom events, finishing one-two in the A and B events. Moretti and Mather-Brown topped their events comfortably in the A event and Martin narrowly beat Suga from Japan in the B event. Australia had a large amount of competition in the field events, for example the Men's Shot Put C event saw 51 athletes compete, but Australia were still able to achieve a few podium finishes and come very close to those in front in of them other events. Renalson dominated the throwing events, improving on all of his qualification distances in the Men's Shot Put A, Men's Discus A, Men's Javelin A and Men's Club Throw A earning him two gold medals, one bronze and one silver. Australia had many competitors in the Precision Javelin event but were unable to finish the event with a medal. The Pentathlon event at the 1968 games was a mixture of Archery, Athletics and Swimming and Australia had five athletes compete in the men's and women's event overall. Frank Ponta did not place as well as he hoped in his favourite event finishing 7th in the Men's Pentathlon Complete event, but Daphne Hilton took the Bronze medal in the Women's Petathlon Special Class. Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Alan Conn, Roy Fowler, Tony South Australia's only competitors in the dartchery competed in the Mixed Pairs event, with Kevin Bawden and Roy Fowler being paired up, and the two gold medalists from the individual events, Tony South and Alan Conn, teaming up. South and Conn made their way to the gold medal match against the US team of Geissinger and Kelderhouse, with the Australian pair coming up short and taking home the silver medal. The Australian team of Bawden and Fowler made it to the round of 16 where they were overcome by the eventual gold medal winning US pair. Lawn bowls was a sport that was first included in the Paralympics in 1968. The events that took place were the Men's Singles, Men's Pairs, Women's Singles and Women's Pairs. According to official records of the games, there were no Australian athletes that competed in the Lawn Bowls competition in Tel Aviv. Australia represented by: Men – John Beattie, John Newton John Newton finished with a bronze medal after losing his semifinal to eventual gold medallist, Great Britain's Michael Shelton. Men's Tournament open was the only Snooker event at the Games. John Newton advanced to the semifinals after defeating Italy's Gambatesa but lost the semifinal to Michael Shelton from Great Britain, who went on to win the gold medal, to finish equal third with Ruschioni from Italy. Australia represented by: Men – Felix Blums, Brian Chambers, Gary Hooper, Bill Mather-Brown, Allan McLucas, Frank Ponta, Jeff Simmonds, Don Watts Women – Lorraine Dodd, Elizabeth Edmondson, Daphne Hilton, Sally Lamb, Cherrie Loydstrom Australia's females dominated the pool, with Lorraine Dodd and Elizabeth Edmondson setting five World Records between them at the Games. Dodd set three World Records on her way to three gold medals in the 25m Backstroke, Breaststroke, and Freestyle Class 2 Complete events. Edmondson's two gold medals also came in World Record time; one in the Freestyle 50m Class 4 Incomplete and the other in the Freestyle 100m Open event. Daphne Hilton followed up her pair of bronze medals in Athletics with a silver medal in the Class 5 (cauda equina) 50m Freestyle event, demonstrating a lot of range with her athletic abilities. Edmondson finished the Backstroke 50m C4 Incomplete event with a silver medal despite her final time being slower than her qualifying time. Chambers ranked first in his heat of the same event but was not fast enough to make the final. While America and Great Britain significantly surpassed every other nation in the Swimming medal tally, Australia took away 11 medals from the Swimming events alone, which demonstrated a very successful event for the Australian team at the 1968 Paralympic Games. Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Alan Conn, Kevin Coombs, John Martin, Bill Mather-Brown, Allan McLucas, Bruno Moretti, Jimmy Newton, Tony South, Don Watts Women – Lorraine Dodd, Daphne Hilton, Cherrie Ireland, Marion O'Brien, Elaine Schreiber, Pam Smith Australia, had many athletes compete in Table Tennis in Tel Aviv, as did most nations that attended the Games. Both men's doubles teams were beaten and eliminated in the first round of the Men's Doubles B and C events but the Women's Doubles C team of Marion O'Brien and Elaine Schreiber won their way to the gold medal match where they played Great Britain's pairing of Bryant and Carol Barnard, eventually going down and finishing in second place and the silver medal. The next highest ranking achieved by Australia was Martin, Kraft and O’brien all making the quarterfinal of their respective events. Great Britain, America and Germany all proved to be the most challenging teams for Australia as they topped the medal tally in Table Tennis along with the host nation, Israel. Australia represented by: Men – Gary Hooper, Vic Renalson The Weightlifting event had four different weight classifications but the only lift discipline was the Bench Press lift. Vic Renalson picked up his third gold medal of the Games in the Heavyweight lifting event, with a lift of 200 kg not being challenged by the other competitors. Hooper just missed out on receiving a medal in the Lightweight event, equaling the weight lifted by Jamaica but placing fourth. Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Peter Burt, Brian Chambers, Kevin Cunningham, Kevin Coombs, Bill Mather-Brown, John Martin, Robert McIntyre, Bruno Moretti, Frank Ponta, Noel Simmons, Don Watts Basketball at the 1968 Paralympic Games was played outdoors on a polished brick court late in the afternoon under lights. Basketball was an important event to the Australian male Basketball athletes but they did not place as well as they wanted, coming in 5th overall. In Pool D, Australia lost to both Italy and Argentina and as a result, Australia did not proceed to the medal rounds. A classification event was played, in which the Australian team won against both Germany and Sweden and were placed 5th overall. The Basketball final in",
"the weight lifted by Jamaica but placing fourth. Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Peter Burt, Brian Chambers, Kevin Cunningham, Kevin Coombs, Bill Mather-Brown, John Martin, Robert McIntyre, Bruno Moretti, Frank Ponta, Noel Simmons, Don Watts Basketball at the 1968 Paralympic Games was played outdoors on a polished brick court late in the afternoon under lights. Basketball was an important event to the Australian male Basketball athletes but they did not place as well as they wanted, coming in 5th overall. In Pool D, Australia lost to both Italy and Argentina and as a result, Australia did not proceed to the medal rounds. A classification event was played, in which the Australian team won against both Germany and Sweden and were placed 5th overall. The Basketball final in Tel Aviv was said to be the highlight of the 1968 Paralympic Games in which America played the home team of Israel. While Australia did not compete in this match, the team has described what an insight this was and that they took a lot from the game and the athletes in that final. Event: Men and new women comp that we did not have a team for Australia represented by: Men – Kevin Bawden, Gary Hooper, John Martin, Jimmy Newton Women – Daphne Hilton, Pam Smith, Di Workman Australia had multiple participants in the Wheelchair Fencing events in Tel Aviv, however, this was not their strongest event. Hooper was successful in all five matches in his pool in the Men's Foil Individual event but did not progress past the second round of games as he was defeated by France, Italy and Great Britain. Hilton was the only other athlete to progress into round two and she placed 5th in the Women's Foil Individual event. While the 1968 Paralympic Games official medal tally was not incorporated in the games, after adding the final official results it was found that Australia ranked 4th in the nation with the most medals. Australia won 15 Gold, 16 Silver and 7 Bronze, and was behind the United States of America, Great Britain and Israel on the medal tally but nonetheless achieved a very successful result in the 1968 Paralympic Games in Tel Aviv. A full list of Australia's medal winners is depicted below. Among the Australian athlete team there were clearly a number of standout athletes whose performances at the 1968 Paralympic Games are worth acknowledging. These are athletes who have set world records, won numerous medals and/or participated in a large number of events in Tel Aviv. Tony South competed in 3 different sports, a total of 4 events and also won a gold medal in Men's Archery Albion Round Open and Silver in the Men's Archery FITA Round Open as well as Men's Dartchery Mixed Pairs Open. While he did not medal in Table Tennis, he won medals in all three of the four events he competed in. Lorraine Dodd had one of the highest achieving performances of the Australian team at these Games. In swimming Dodd competed in, won the gold medal and set a new world record in the Women's Freestyle, Backstroke and Breaststroke 25m Class 2 Complete, all in the same day. Dodd also competed Table Tennis and in 9 Athletic events where she won a silver medal for Women's Slalom A and a bronze medal in the Women's Novice 60m Wheelchair Dash A. She not only participated in a large number of event but she performed well enough to win a total of 5 medals in the 1968 Paralympics, more than any Australian athlete at these games. Daphne Hilton also competed in a large number of events in Tel Aviv which were five Athletics events, three Swimming events, one Table Tennis event and Fencing (results). Hilton won a silver medal in the Women's 50m Freestyle Class 5 (cauda equina) and a bronze medal in the Women's 60m Wheelchair C and Women's Pentathlon Special Class. Gary Hoper competed in a total of 12 events in Tel Aviv, nine Athletics events, one Swimming, one Weightlifting and one Fencing even. Hooper completed the Games with a gold medal in Men's 100m Wheelchair A Sprint, Silver in the Men's 4x40m Relay Open (Athletics) and a silver medal in the Men's Shot Put B. Bill Mather-Brown represented Australia in two Athletics events, three Swimming events, two Table Tennis events and in the Men's Basketball, competing in a total of 8 events. Mather-Brown was able to secure a silver medal in the Men's Slalom A event. Bruno Moretti's won a gold medal for the Men's Slalom A, a silver medal in the Men's 100m Wheelchair A and a silver medal in the Men's 4x40m Relay Open (Athletics). Moretti also competed in three other Athletics events, two Table Tennis events and Men's Basketball. Vic Renalson's results at the 1968 Paralympic Games were one of the most successful from Australia's team. Renalson won a gold medal in Men's club throw A, Men's discuss A, heavyweight weightlifting, a silver medal in Men's javelin A and a bronze medal in Men's shot put A, winning a medal in every event he competed in. Elizabeth Edmondson won a medal in all the events she competed in at the Games but she also set two world records in the events in which she won the gold medal for. Edmondson won the gold medal and broke the world record in the Women's 50m freestyle class 4 incomplete and the Women's 100m Freestyle Open. The third and only other event Edmondson participated in was the Women's 50m backstroke class 4 incomplete in which she won a silver medal. The final standout athlete from the Games in the Australian team was Allan McLucas who competed in four different sports as well as won two medals. McLucas won a gold medal in the Men's slalom cervical event and a silver medal in the Men's Archery St. Nicholas round cervical event. While no podium finish was achieved, McLucas also competed in the Men's freestyle and backstroke 25m class 2 complete events at the 1968 Paralympic Games. The Paralympic Games were held Israel approximately one year after the Six Day War took place between Israel and Egypt, Syria and Jordan. Australian athletes were accompanied by female army staff throughout the duration of the Games. Armed army officers were present at the games and on the streets and many athletes recall seeing damaged tanks, cars and bullet holes during their time at the Games. The presence and abundance of these aspects could have been exaggerated or seen to stand out due to the Australia athletes potentially not have been exposed to anything like this prior, however, many athletes recall that these were present in Israel during the Games and left them with a feeling of slight apprehension at times. After competition had finished, Daphne Hilton and other athletes attended a marketplace in Maccabi, Israel when gunfire broke out and the Army got involved. These recounts describe potential political unrest in Israel during the Paralympic Games in 1968. However, the details are not well documented and are simply the Australian teams interpretation of the situation. At a Paralympic dinner event in Israel that followed the games, Israeli personnel discussed how they do not want peace and not to fight. No threatening events or disruption or hostile events occurred during the Paralympic Games and remnants are not an indicator of the actual situation in Israel at the time. An incidence of racial discrimination towards Australian team member Kevin Coombs was stated by Coobs and other athletes and support staff to have taken place stemming from a South African athlete in a bar at the Maccabi Village during the Games. Coombs and Billy Mather-Brown recall an athlete saying out loud to Coombs \"What, are they opening a bar for niggers now?\". This is potentially related to why South Africa were banned from participating in the Summer Olympic Games that same year. Although, this appeared to be an isolated incident and was resolved soon after as the athlete apologised. There was a policy arranged by Israel with Britain to have Rhodesian athletes enter the country without their passports being checked to eliminate political issues associated with their",
"at the time. An incidence of racial discrimination towards Australian team member Kevin Coombs was stated by Coobs and other athletes and support staff to have taken place stemming from a South African athlete in a bar at the Maccabi Village during the Games. Coombs and Billy Mather-Brown recall an athlete saying out loud to Coombs \"What, are they opening a bar for niggers now?\". This is potentially related to why South Africa were banned from participating in the Summer Olympic Games that same year. Although, this appeared to be an isolated incident and was resolved soon after as the athlete apologised. There was a policy arranged by Israel with Britain to have Rhodesian athletes enter the country without their passports being checked to eliminate political issues associated with their participation in the Paralympic Games in Tel Aviv as their Olympic team were banned from the Olympics in Mexico in 1968 by Britain as a result of national racial and political issues that occurred at the time. There was also a policy in place in Israel at the time that required the German athletes and staff to complete a questionnaire regarding their political past and if and what category they had been denazified in, this was due to issues surrounding the Holocaust that occurred many years earlier. The official medal tally, raising of national flags and playing national anthems for medal presentations were completely removed from the games in an attempt to reduce the political competitiveness between nations as it was reportedly seen at the 1968 Summer Olympics. There were a number of political issues that were factored into the 1968 Paralympic Games in Tel Aviv and, like those experienced by Kevin Coombs, some did affect the Australian team. The closing ceremony took place at the Tel Aviv Fair Grounds on 13 November. Deputy Prime Minister Yigal Allon and the Mayor of Tel Aviv, Mordechai Namir, were both in attendance for the ceremony to see trophies presented to athletes, as well as a display by dancers from three local kibbutzim. Allon thanked participants for their involvement and contribution to world unity, and declared the Games closed. Following the Games, the Australian team visited a Kibbutz near Lake Tiberias where they were provided with lunch and received a small bottle of holy water each on their return (stoke to mandeville, NLA). When travelling back to Australia, the team spent two days in Bangkok, followed by three days in Singapore. While in Singapore, the Australian team demonstrated sport to local paraplegics. In support of the Australian Athletes and the Games, Australia Post introduced stamps of both the Olympic and Paralympic Games for the first time in 1968 of the Mexico Olympics and the Paralympics in Tel Aviv. In June 2013, four South Australia members of the 1968 Australian Paralympics Team relived memories as part of the Australian Paralympic Committee history project. Archer Pam McLeod née Smith and wheelchair sprinter Kevin Munro were joined by Libby Kosmala and team nurse Janet Tyler. Kosmala who went on to compete in a record eleven Paralympic Games commented that: \"In those days athletes had to use their everyday chair to compete in, now they've got specialized chairs for all sports from sprinting to basketball to shooting\". The 1968 Games were the first Games where South Australia athletes had been selected for Australia. Several oral histories are available online from Australian athletes who competed at the Games. Australia at the 1968 Summer Paralympics Australia competed at the 1968 Summer Paralympics in Tel Aviv, Israel. The Games significantly expanded in 1968 when compared to previous years, as did the Australian team and the events included in the Games. Mexico City were originally to host the 1968 Paralympics, however, they were moved to Tel Aviv in Israel. Although there was"
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"Circles of Deceit (TV series) Circles of Deceit is a British television thriller series, produced by Yorkshire Television, first broadcast on ITV on 16 October 1993. The series stars Dennis Waterman as John Neil, a former serving officer in the Special Air Service, who works as a private investigator for the secret service. A total of four episodes were broadcast, including a single feature-length self-titled pilot in 1993, and a series of three episodes, filmed in 1995, and broadcast between 1995 and 1996. Although broadcast as the final episode of the series, \"Sleeping Dogs\" is set chronologically after the events of the self-titled pilot (which was re-titled \"The Wolves are Howling\" for disambiguation reasons on repeat broadcasts and home video release). Aside from Neil, the only other character to appear in all four films was the Controller. In the pilot, this role was assumed by Derek Jacobi (under the pseudonym of Randal). For the series, Jacobi was replaced by Susan Jameson. The only other recurring character throughout the series was Andy, a wheelchair-bound researcher and collator, played by Dave Hill. A VHS video of the self-titled pilot was released in the United States in 1994. The complete series was later released on Region 1 DVD in the United States by Acorn Media on 17 May 2011. On 23 April 2018, nearly twenty-five years after the broadcast of the self-titled pilot, the complete series was released on Region 2 DVD in the United Kingdom by Strawberry Media. The Wolves are Howling<br> Sleeping Dogs<br> Dark Secret<br> Kalon<br> Circles of Deceit (TV series) Circles of Deceit is a British television thriller series, produced by Yorkshire Television, first broadcast on ITV on 16 October 1993. The series stars Dennis Waterman as John Neil, a former serving officer in the Special Air Service, who works"
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"The Rise (film) The Rise (titled Wasteland in North America) is a 2012 British crime film starring Luke Treadaway and Timothy Spall with a revenge theme. The film opens with DI West (Spall) interviewing Harvey Miller (Treadaway), a would-be gangster who fell in with the wrong crowd. In flashback we are shown how Harvey, 6 weeks earlier, had been released from prison; he had been led astray and now wished to gain revenge on Roper, the man who caused many of his problems. Harvey's relationships with his \"friends\" and acquaintances are then severely tested as he reveals, in the interview, details of his recent life to West. West reminds Miller of a football match during which a player of a similar description to Miller's, was \"let down by his team\". At that point West has to leave the room but does so without stopping the tape recording of the interview (which is now inadmissible as evidence); when he returns he finds that Miller has recorded on the tape, details of a robbery during which he took his revenge on Roper. The Rise was filmed in and around Leeds. There were many contributors to the production of the film. The opening credits state: About his part as Dodd, Matthew Lewis, in his interview by the \"Yorkshire Evening Post\" said; \"The character of Dodd was really fun for me to play. He is the biggest of all of his mates and very loyal. He’s on the front line but isn’t the sharpest knife in the drawer.\" Allan Hunter, writing for \"Express.co.uk\" described the film as \"a smart little British thriller\" with a \"lousy title\". Simon Crook, in \"empireonline.com\" wrote that \"there’s a fresh Angry Young Man feel to this botched-heist thriller\" and \"It may not be immune to the odd Brit thriller cliché, but this is an assured, stylish heist thriller from the debut filmmaker.\" According to Ben Sachs, in \"Chicago Reader\"; \"This British heist picture is familiar but energetic genre filmmaking, more interesting in its particulars than in its overall conception\". Rotten Tomatoes gave a 63% approval rate based on 24 reviews. The Rise (film) The Rise (titled Wasteland in North America) is a 2012 British crime film starring Luke Treadaway and Timothy Spall with a revenge theme. The film opens with DI West (Spall) interviewing Harvey Miller (Treadaway), a would-be gangster who fell in with the wrong crowd. In flashback"
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"Asia D'Amato Asia D'Amato (born 7 February 2003) is an Italian artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 European Junior Vault Champion and was a member of the team who won gold. She is also a member of the Junior Italian National Team and is the twin sister of Alice D'Amato. D'Amato was born in Genoa, Italy in 2003. She and her sister began gymnastics at the age of 7. She currently trains at the International Academy of Brixia in Brescia. D'Amato made her international debut at the 2015 City of Jesolo Trophy as part of Italy's Young Dreams team alongside Giorgia Villa. In 2017 D'Amato competed at the Italian National Championships where she placed first on vault, second on floor exercise, and third on uneven bars. D'Amato competed at the City of Jesolo Trophy in April where Italy placed first in the team competition. She continued her national and international dominance on vault, winning gold at International Gymnix, all Italian Serie A competitions, and at the Youth Olympic Games Qualifier. In August D'Amato competed at the 2018 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships alongside Alice D'Amato, Alessia Federici, Elisa Iorio, and Giorgia Villa where Italy won team gold and individually D'Amato won gold on vault. Asia D'Amato Asia D'Amato (born 7 February 2003) is an Italian artistic gymnast. She is the 2018 European Junior Vault Champion and was a member of the team who won gold. She is also a member of the Junior Italian National Team and is the twin sister of Alice D'Amato. D'Amato was born in Genoa, Italy in 2003. She and her sister began gymnastics at the age of 7. She currently trains at the International Academy of Brixia in Brescia. D'Amato made her international debut at the 2015 City of Jesolo Trophy as part of Italy's"
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"Mushroom stones Mushroom stones, or mushroom rocks, in Ireland are limestone boulders undercut by past weathering regimes. These rocks take the form of solitary sentinels of limestone which still bear the unmistakable marks of long-continued erosion by ice, soil or lapping waves at the edge of lakes which have since vanished or retreated. These stones are sometimes shaped like mushrooms, others have an overhang facing in just one direction, but all are notched and undercut in such a fashion as to suggest prolonged exposure to standing water at some time in the past. The mushroom-shaped stones are produced where the notching forms a fairly even circle around the stone. Where a limestone boulder stands at the edge of a lake so that it is partly covered by water, the underwater part weathers more rapidly than the part above water because it is subject to more constant corrosion by water, accentuated by the abrasive lapping action of waves. If this continues for a long time the upper part will be undercut, and the stone will assume a very distinctive form which is frequently mushroom-like. Much more rarely the same process can be seen in limestone bedrock. Many mushroom stones have a second minor ‘lip’ below the main one, suggesting that the drop in water level which isolated the stones from the lake’s edge took place in two stages. The wavestones in Ireland are always of limestone: generally isolated boulders which are often glacial erratics, or (much more rarely) exposed outcrop. In Ireland, wave stones were first recorded in 1865 by F.J. Foot along the shores of Lough Ree, during the course of field work for the first systematic geological survey of Ireland. He made a drawing of these water-worn limestone blocks ‘eroded up to a certain height by the solvent action of former lake water, showing the level at which Lough Ree once stood – 10 to 15 feet higher than the present summer height: the lake shore, moreover, is now some 300 yards distant.’ To date, wavestones have been recorded in Counties Offaly, Tipperary, Galway, Clare, Cork, Limerick, Roscommon and Westmeath (see map below in External Links). Not all mushroom stones are situated close to modern lakes. Many mark the shores of lakes which have vanished altogether, becoming filled in with reedswamp, fen and bog vegetation in the course of time. A remarkable example is located near Crancreagh Bridge in County Offaly, which marks the position of what must have been the north-western edge of ancient Lough Boora, on whose shores the first people of the Irish midlands camped in Mesolithic times 8,500 or so years ago. This ancient lake disappeared long ago, swamped by the growing expanse of bog, which buried not only the lake itself, but preserved the campsites of the early midlanders. No scientific evidence has been published to verify that the Irish wavestones have formed in lakes. Furthermore, no wavestones have been described from present-day lakes in Ireland, which is puzzling as parts of the country, such as The Burren, are studded with lakes containing many partly-submerged Carboniferous limestone erratics. A requirement for limestone solution is that water must essentially be ‘acidic’ (pH below 7). Yet, a study of six wavestone sites in Ireland, namely Ballard Bridge, Cornaseer, Creevagh, Gortlecka, Killinaboy and Rinnamona, found that nearby lakes, in which the wavestones are said to have formed, are ‘alkaline' (pH above 7) with a pH range from 7.6 to 8.5. In fact, the water in three of the lakes, Loughs Gealáin and Ree, and Rinnamona Lough, is so alkaline that marl (lime mud) is being precipitated. The alkalinity of the lake water means that it would cushion limestone against solution rather than dissolve it. This (and other field evidence, such as wavestone morphology) indicates that the wavestones at these six sites have not formed in lakes. There is ample evidence that undercutting of limestone can result from solution in soil that abuts rock, and measurements of soil water at the six sites showed that it is ‘acidic’ (pH below 7) with a pH range from 5.3 to 6.8. It has been noted that the Irish landscape has been profoundly altered by drainage operations, that signs of peat cutting are common in the Burren fens and that extensive deforestation has occurred in Ireland, all of which can lead to a lowering of the land surface. For instance, the ground in Holme Fen, England, subsided by 1.8m in the first decade after its initial drainage in 1851, a figure that is typical of initial peat subsidence rates. Accordingly, it is proposed that the wavestones at the six sites were undercut by soil water when soil levels were higher than today. It follows, therefore, that the studied wavestones are not, in fact, ‘wavestones'. More accurately, they are mushroom rocks that have formed in a terrestrial setting. Three examples of ‘wavestones’ that illustrate mushroom rock formation in a lost-soil environment and a mid-lake, non-undercut Carboniferous limestone erratic occur respectively at Gortlecka, Creevagh and Cornaseer, and in Inchiquin Lough. The base of the ‘wavestone’ at Gortlecka (Plate 1) is winter-flooded by Lough Gealáin (pH 8.2), and the horizontal surface of the water contrasts strongly with the sloping and undulating lip. The lake water pH and lip shape both signify that formation cannot have occurred in the lake. Instead, the sharply-defined lip marks the former level of the (undulating) soil surface, below which solution by soil water (pH 6.0) occurred. In contrast, the ‘wavestone’ at Creevagh (Plate 2), which occurs inside a meander of the river Shannon (pH 8.3), seems an obvious candidate for formation in a lake since its lip is horizontal. The lake surface, though, would have to remain at exactly the same height for a remarkably long period to create such a lip, while wave-splash would lead to a rounding of its edges. It is probable that sub-soil solution (pH 5.4) is occurring beneath the coarse grass that abuts the limestone in the foreground. If this is long-continued it would eventually lead to the formation of a dipping lip akin to that on the ‘wavestone’ at Gortlecka. The ‘wavestone' at Cornaseer (Plate 3) is regarded as being the ‘type’ model, and its yawning undercut (mean 80 cm deep) is a significant feature. If the undercut had resulted from solution in Lough Ree (pH 8.5) then similar undercutting ought to be present elsewhere alongside the lough at the same height (about 40m above O.D.). None, however, was found, which indicates that solution at Cornaseer was a local phenomenon. It is perhaps significant that the word ‘Bog’ occurs some 300m west of the site on an 1865 survey map and equally significant that the bog no longer exists due to drainage. The mean pH of soil water at Cornaseer is 5.3 and that of neighbouring Clooncraff Bog is 5.8. The three lips represent successive lowering of the soil surface. The Cahir Rock (Plate 4) is a large Carboniferous limestone erratic found in Inchiquin Lough (pH 7.8), which shows no sign of notching by lake water. Nevertheless, solution in a more extensive lake is held responsible for the notching of the ‘wavestones’ at Killinaboy (soil water pH 5.7) some 1 km to the north. Killinaboy lies several metres above the present-day lake level, but Cahir Rock cannot have been overtopped by Inchiquin Lough because its upper surface is etched with rillenkarren, which are a sub-aerial solutional landform It has been pointed out that mushroom-shaped rocks close-to and far-from lakes in Ireland are similarly-shaped, thus the obvious question of whether all of Ireland’s mushroom-shaped rocks have developed in a sub-soil environment remains. Map of surveyed stones in Ireland: <iframe src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1O6arBRYBmKNMJvBw3BQ8tCLy2iztg_pL\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\"></iframe> Mushroom stones Mushroom stones, or mushroom rocks, in Ireland are limestone boulders undercut by past weathering regimes. These rocks take the form"
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"Boston Celtics 95, Philadelphia 76ers 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–20, 25–25, 21–18, 26–26 \nPts:Ojeleye, Yabusele 16 Rebs:Bird 8 Asts:Henry 8 | | Pts:Korkmaz 40 Rebs:Miles 8 Asts:Jackson 6 \n July 9 3:00 pm \n---\n Los Angeles Lakers 93, Sacramento Kings 98 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–18, 30–30, 13–19, 26–31 \nPts:Hart, Wagner 23 Rebs:Williams 8 Asts:Rathan-Mayes 12 | | Pts:Fox 23 Rebs:Fox 8 Asts:Mason III 9 \n July 7 9:30 pm \n---\n New York Knicks 102, New Orleans Pelicans 83 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:27–18, 13–25, 32–19, 30–21 \nPts:Ochefu 22 Rebs:Robinson 12 Asts:Walker 6 | | Pts:Green 23 Rebs:Willis 6 Asts:Lemon Jr. 7 \n Toronto Raptors 82, Oklahoma City Thunder 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:21–31, 24–25, 13–22, 24–14 \nPts:Anunoby 19 Rebs:Thompson 7 Asts:McIntyre 8 | | Pts:Dozier, Thomas 17 Rebs:Thomas 12 Asts:Hamilton 5 \n Points \n| Player | Team | PPG \n---|---|--- \nDerrick White | San Antonio Spurs | 23.0 \nWayne Selden | Memphis Grizzlies | 23.0 \nKobi Simmons | Memphis Grizzlies | 17.0 \nGeorges Niang | Utah Jazz | 16.7 \nTyler Dorsey | Atlanta Hawks | 16.3 \n \nRebounds \n| Player | Team | RPG \n---|---|--- \nTony Bradley | Utah Jazz | 12.3 \nChimezie Metu | San Antonio Spurs | 8.3 \nOmari Spellman | Atlanta Hawks | 7.7 \nJock Landale | Atlanta Hawks | 7.7 \nGrayson Allen | Utah Jazz | 7.0 \n \nAssists \n| Player | Team | APG \n---|---|--- \nGrayson Allen | Utah Jazz | 7.5 \nDerrick White | San Antonio Spurs | 7.0 \nBrandon Goodwin | Memphis Grizzlies | 5.3 \nNaz Mitrou-Long | Utah Jazz | 4.7 \nTrae Young | Atlanta Hawks | 4.3 \n July 11 10:00 pm \n---\n July 13 6:00 pm \n---\n Phoenix Suns 71, Sacramento Kings 63 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–15, 17–14, 22–10, 16–24 \nPts:Ayton 21 Rebs:Ayton 12 Asts:Harrison 5 | | Pts:Giles 17 Rebs:Brown, Bagley III 7 Asts:Mason III 5 \n July 8 5:30 pm \n---\n July 16 8:30 pm \n---\n July 8 7:30 pm \n---\n Memphis Grizzlies 92, Utah Jazz 86 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–23, 30–31, 19–16, 20–16 \nPts:Carter 26 Rebs:Jackson Jr. 9 Asts:Carter 6 | | Pts:Niang 18 Rebs:Niang 9 Asts:Mitrou-Long, Niang 5 \n 2018 NBA Summer League \n--- \nLeague | National Basketball Association \nSport | Basketball \nDuration | July 2–17 \nNumber of games | At least 5 games (including 3 preliminary games) for each team (as many as 8 games per team) \nNumber of teams | Sacramento-4 Utah-4 Las Vegas-30 \nTV partner (s) | NBA TV & ESPN \nCalifornia Classic Summer League \nSeason champions | Golden State Warriors \nTop scorer | De'Aaron Fox \nUtah Jazz Summer League \nSeason champions | Memphis Grizzlies \nTop scorer | Derrick White \nLas Vegas NBA Summer League \nSeason champions | Portland Trail Blazers \nRunners-up | Los Angeles Lakers \nTop seed | Los Angeles Lakers \nSeason MVP | Josh Hart (league) KJ McDaniels (championship game) \nNBA Summer League seasons \n← 2017 2019 → \n Toronto Raptors 77, New Orleans Pelicans 90 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–25, 12–27, 19–18, 26–20 \nPts:McKinnie, Alkins 12 Rebs:Anunoby 7 Asts:Miller McIntyre 5 | | Pts:Bluiett 24 Rebs:Diallo 10 Asts:Carr 5 \n July 7 7:30 pm \n---\n July 3 11:00 pm \n---\n July 13 8:00 pm \n---\n Portland Trail Blazers 93, Utah Jazz 78 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:21–14, 19–23, 27–18, 26–23 \nPts:Baldwin 20 Rebs:Swanigan 13 Asts:Baldwin, Swanigan 5 | | Pts:Allen, Bradley, Niang 16 Rebs:Malcolm Hill 7 Asts:Allen, Wilder 5 \n Miami Heat 84, New Orleans Pelicans 110 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–21, 15–30, 27–29, 24–30 \nPts:Robinson 18 Rebs:Jones 12 Asts:Farrell 6 | | Pts:Bluiett 26 Rebs:Diallo 9 Asts:Lemon Jr. 9 \n July 8 11:30 pm \n---\n Memphis Grizzlies 56, Orlando Magic 86 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–16, 9–20, 18–27, 13–23 \nPts:Simmons 15 Rebs:Davis 12 Asts:three players 2 | | Pts:Isaac, Caupain 12 Rebs:Caupain 7 Asts:Caupain 5 \n New York Knicks 75, Boston Celtics 82 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–27, 17–19, 17–19, 25–17 \nPts:Robinson, Trier 17 Rebs:Robinson 12 Asts:Trier 4 | | Pts:Ojeleye 21 Rebs:Bird 10 Asts:Henry 6 \n July 14 10:30 pm \n---\n Atlanta Hawks 97, Los Angeles Clippers 81 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–21, 23–17, 20–31, 30–12 \nPts:Robinson 20 Rebs:Kaba 15 Asts:Morris 4 | | Pts:Mathews 18 Rebs:Upshaw 9 Asts:Evans 7 \n New Orleans Pelicans 97, Detroit Pistons 105 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–33, 24–28, 16–21, 35–23 \nPts:Diallo 25 Rebs:Alexander 9 Asts:Lemon Jr. 7 | | Pts:Ellenson 13 Rebs:Ellenson 10 Asts:Ellenson 7 \n July 14 6:00 pm \n---\n July 12 6:00 pm \n---\n Denver Nuggets 70, Minnesota Timberwolves 69 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–16, 22–16, 22–9, 8–28 \nPts:Morris 15 Rebs:Williams 8 Asts:Morris 4 | | Pts:Cousins 15 Rebs:Jefferson 14 Asts:Okogie 4 \n July 14 4:00 pm \n---\n Sacramento Kings 78, Los Angeles Clippers 88 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–18, 21–24, 21–24, 12–22 \nPts:Jackson 28 Rebs:Auguste, Gabriel 10 Asts:Mason 6 | | Pts:Thornwell 22 Rebs:Delgado, Gilgeous-Alexander 8 Asts:Thornwell 4 \n San Antonio Spurs 76, Indiana Pacers 86 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–17, 23–25, 8–22, 23–22 \nPts:White 19 Rebs:Blossomgame 10 Asts:White 5 | | Pts:Leaf 19 Rebs:Leslie, Johnson 9 Asts:Holiday 7 \n July 2 5:00 pm \n---\n Points \n| Player | Team | PPG \n---|---|--- \nDe'Aaron Fox | Sacramento Kings | 23.0 \nDerrick Jones Jr. | Miami Heat | 21.3 \nJustin Jackson | Sacramento Kings | 17.0 \nMoritz Wagner | Los Angeles Lakers | 14.7 \nKendrick Nunn | Golden State Warriors | 14.0 \n \nRebounds \n| Player | Team | RPG \n---|---|--- \nBam Adebayo | Miami Heat | 11.3 \nMoritz Wagner | Los Angeles Lakers | 8.3 \nDe'Aaron Fox | Sacramento Kings | 8.0 \nKendrick Nunn | Golden State Warriors | 8.0 \nJohnathan Williams | Los Angeles Lakers | 8.0 \n \nAssists \n| Player | Team | APG \n---|---|--- \nXavier Rathan-Mayes | Los Angeles Lakers | 8.3 \nDaryl Macon | Miami Heat | 7.5 \nFrank Mason | Sacramento Kings | 6.3 \nDe'Aaron Fox | Sacramento Kings | 6.0 \nDerrick Walton Jr. | Miami Heat | 6.0 \n July 12 4:30 pm \n---\n Los Angeles Lakers 71, Golden State Warriors 77 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:13–20, 24–23, 16–20, 18–14 \nPts:Rathan-Mayes 14 Rebs:Wagner 13 Asts:Rathan-Mayes 8 | | Pts:Derrickson 24 Rebs:Derrickson 11 Asts:four player 4 \n All times are in Eastern Daylight Time (UTC − 4) \n Atlanta Hawks 69, Portland Trail Blazers 95 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:15–24, 26–24, 16–25, 12–22 \nPts:Spellman 20 Rebs:Kaba 8 Asts:Morris 4 | | Pts:Layman, Simons 20 Rebs:Swanigan 11 Asts:Baldwin IV 8 \n Miami Heat 72, Boston Celtics 74 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–19, 19–20, 15–22, 22–13 \nPts:Walton Jr. 15 Rebs:Jones 7 Asts:Walton Jr. 5 | | Pts:Henry 15 Rebs:Yabusele 10 Asts:Henry 5 \n Brooklyn Nets 80, Orlando Magic 86 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–20, 10–22, 25–24, 21–20 \nPts:Dawson 20 Rebs:Web III 8 Asts:Christon 4 | | Pts:Issac, Caupain 20 Rebs:Issac, Birch, Bamba 7 Asts:Briscoe 4 \n Brooklyn Nets 79, Indiana Pacers 116 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–19, 24–33, 17–39, 21–25 \nPts:Davis 19 Rebs:Thompson 9 Asts:McLaughlin 5 | | Pts:Wilcox 22 Rebs:Johnson 10 Asts:Hollins 9 \n July 7 3:00 pm \n---\n July 5 3:00 pm \n---\n July 7 4:30 pm \n---\n July 11 8:00 pm \n---\n July 7 11:30 pm \n---\n San Antonio Spurs 103, Atlanta Hawks 81 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:32–21, 29–13, 18–23, 24–24 \nPts:White 21 Rebs:Brimah 9 Asts:White 9 | | Pts:Collins 19 Rebs:Landale 8 Asts:Adams 4 \n Toronto Raptors 68, Cleveland Cavaliers 82 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–20, 23–17, 4–21, 25–24 \nPts:Boucher 18 Rebs:Boucher 8 Asts:Teague 5 | | Pts:Holland 23 Rebs:White 10 Asts:Sexton 6 \n July 5 7:00 pm \n---\n * Sacramento Kings \n * Los Angeles Lakers \n * Golden State Warriors \n * Miami Heat",
"July 6 9:30 pm \n---\n July 6 11:30 pm \n---\n Utah Jazz 90, New York Knicks 85 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–24, 28–19, 20–28, 19–14 \nPts:Niang 20 Rebs:Niang 8 Asts:Lyles 4 | | Pts:Knox 19 Rebs:Robinson 11 Asts:Ntilikina 6 \n July 9 3:30 pm \n---\n Miami Heat 110, New Orleans Pelicans 106 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:31–25, 23–28, 27–23, 29–30 \nPts:Jones 31 Rebs:Jones 8 Asts:Walton Jr. 11 | | Pts:Diallo 28 Rebs:Diallo 13 Asts:Lemon Jr. 6 \n Dallas Mavericks 85, Phoenix Suns 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:21–20, 16–22, 17–30, 31–20 \nPts:Jones 16 Rebs:Jones 11 Asts:Smith Jr. 5 | | Pts:Reed 18 Rebs:Ayton 8 Asts:Harrison 9 \n July 8 3:00 pm \n---\n July 6 7:30 pm \n---\n Oklahoma City Thunder 87, Charlotte Hornets 88 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:28–24, 22–23, 15–21, 22–20 \nPts:Thomas 24 Rebs:Hamilton 12 Asts:Hamilton 8 | | Pts:Monk 23 Rebs:Hernanagomez 14 Asts:Graham 5 \n # | Team | GP | | | PTS | Tiebreaker Notes \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Memphis Grizzlies | | | | 6.0 | 1–1,-4 \n| San Antonio Spurs | | | | 6.5 | 1–1,-9 \n| Utah Jazz | | | | 7.5 | 1–1,+13 \n| Atlanta Hawks | | 0 | | 4.0 | \n Memphis Grizzlies 95, Utah Jazz 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:32–21, 27–19, 20–27, 16–25 \nPts:Jackson Jr., Selden 27 Rebs:Jackson Jr. 8 Asts:Selden 6 | | Pts:Mitrou-Long 19 Rebs:Bradley 14 Asts:Mitrou-Long 8 \n Thomas & Mack Center, Paradise, Nevada \n---\n July 9 11:30 pm \n---\n July 10 3:00 pm \n---\n Los Angeles Clippers 89, Washington Wizards 74 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:31–15, 19–19, 23–21, 16–19 \nPts:Upshaw 24 Rebs:Delgado 10 Asts:Gilgeous-Alexander, Thornwell 6 | | Pts:Robinson 26 Rebs:Robinson 11 Asts:Chiozza 5 \n July 8 9:00 pm \n---\n Portland Trail Blazers 85, Atlanta Hawks 68 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:27–17, 16–17, 20–18, 22–16 \nPts:Layman 23 Rebs:Baldwin IV, Swanigan 8 Asts:Baldwin IV 10 | | Pts:John Collins 18 Rebs:John Collins 9 Asts:Adams 4 \n July 9 11:00 pm \n---\n July 8 3:30 pm \n---\n Atlanta Hawks 87, Utah Jazz 94 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–17, 16–25, 27–22, 28–28 \nPts:Dorsey 17 Rebs:Spellman 10 Asts:Young 7 | | Pts:Bradley, Kidd, Niang 15 Rebs:Bradley 12 Asts:Allen 8 \n July 7 9:00 pm \n---\n * Atlanta Hawks \n * Boston Celtics \n * Brooklyn Nets \n * Chicago Bulls \n * Cleveland Cavaliers \n * Charlotte Hornets \n * Dallas Mavericks \n * Detroit Pistons \n * Denver Nuggets \n * Golden State Warriors \n\n\n\n| \n\n * Houston Rockets \n * Indiana Pacers \n * Los Angeles Clippers \n * Los Angeles Lakers \n * Memphis Grizzlies \n * Miami Heat \n * Milwaukee Bucks \n * Minnesota Timberwolves \n * New Orleans Pelicans \n * New York Knicks \n\n\n\n| \n\n * Oklahoma City Thunder \n * Orlando Magic \n * Philadelphia 76ers \n * Phoenix Suns \n * Portland Trail Blazers \n * Sacramento Kings \n * San Antonio Spurs \n * Toronto Raptors \n * Utah Jazz \n * Washington Wizards",
"| \n\n * Houston Rockets \n * Indiana Pacers \n * Los Angeles Clippers \n * Los Angeles Lakers \n * Memphis Grizzlies \n * Miami Heat \n * Milwaukee Bucks \n * Minnesota Timberwolves \n * New Orleans Pelicans \n * New York Knicks \n\n\n\n| \n\n * Oklahoma City Thunder \n * Orlando Magic \n * Philadelphia 76ers \n * Phoenix Suns \n * Portland Trail Blazers \n * Sacramento Kings \n * San Antonio Spurs \n * Toronto Raptors \n * Utah Jazz \n * Washington Wizards \n\n \n \n---|---|---\n Cleveland Cavaliers 109, Los Angeles Lakers 112 (2OT) \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–28, 24–22, 24–23, 27–25, Overtime:8–8, 3–6 \nPts:Sexton 27 Rebs:White 9 Asts:Smith 5 | | Pts:Hart 37 Rebs:Hart 9 Asts:Rathan-Mayes 9 \n Minnesota Timberwolves 103, Toronto Raptors 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–17, 26–21, 26–35, 32–19 \nPts:Bates-Diop 24 Rebs:Jefferson 13 Asts:Stark 5 | | Pts:Loyd 17 Rebs:Anunoby 7 Asts:McIntyre 4 \n Detroit Pistons 78, Los Angeles Lakers 101 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:14–33, 26–22, 16–20, 22–26 \nPts:Ellenson 22 Rebs:Hamilton 7 Asts:Ellenson 5 | | Pts:Mykhailiuk 19 Rebs:Ayres 10 Asts:Rathan-Mayes 7 \n July 11 8:30 pm \n---\n July 12 6:30 pm \n---\n Boston Celtics 80, Portland Trail Blazers 95 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–27, 21–19, 23–25, 17–24 \nPts:Davis 19 Rebs:Martin 9 Asts:Henry, Conger 4 | | Pts:Jenkins 25 Rebs:McDaniels, Swanigan 9 Asts:Baldwin IV 10 \n Golden State Warriors 71, Dallas Mavericks 91 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:21–29, 10–10, 21–37, 19–15 \nPts:Magette, Nunn 10 Rebs:Omot 6 Asts:Derrickson, Magette 3 | | Pts:Greene 16 Rebs:Spalding 9 Asts:Brunson 8 \n Memphis Grizzlies 92, Oklahoma City Thunder 85 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–19, 24–8, 15–25, 29–33 \nPts:Crawford 21 Rebs:Carter 8 Asts:Carter 8 | | Pts:Diallo 14 Rebs:Hamilton 11 Asts:Hamilton 8 \n July 6 3:30 pm \n---\n Cleveland Cavaliers 72, Washington Wizards 59 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–10, 16–16, 19–15, 15–18 \nPts:Zizic 16 Rebs:Zizic 14 Asts:Zizic 5 | | Pts:Robinson 14 Rebs:Harrison 6 Asts:Chiozza 5 \n Sacramento Kings 84, Cleveland Cavaliers 96 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–24, 17–20, 22–26, 26–26 \nPts:Jackson 20 Rebs:Auguste 9 Asts:Giles 6 | | Pts:Sexton 25 Rebs:Artis, White 7 Asts:Sexton 7 \n Los Angeles Clippers 69, Los Angeles Lakers 82 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:12–19, 24–21, 12–21, 21–21 \nPts:Thornwell, Rodriguez 17 Rebs:Upshaw 8 Asts:Upshaw 4 | | Pts:Josh Hart 20 Rebs:Williams 8 Asts:Caruso 7 \n July 10 7:30 pm \n---\n July 8 11:00 pm \n---\n Detroit Pistons 64, Minnesota Timberwolves 59 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:15–11, 21–6, 11–26, 15–16 \nPts:Brown 15 Rebs:Brown 11 Asts:Brown 6 | | Pts:Bates-Diop 16 Rebs:Jefferson 15 Asts:Jefferson, Terrell 2 \n Sacramento Kings 94, Memphis Grizzlies 80 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–21, 19–18, 27–12, 25–29 \nPts:Jackson 20 Rebs:Giles 12 Asts:Mason III 13 | | Pts:Rabb, Selden 17 Rebs:Rabb 8 Asts:Carter 6 \n July 3 9:00 pm \n---\n July 6 5:30 pm \n---\n Vivint Smart Home Arena, Salt Lake City, Utah \n---\n July 6 9:00 pm \n---\n July 9 9:30 pm \n---\n Toronto Raptors 85, Denver Nuggets 77 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–19, 19–25, 19–15, 28–18 \nPts:Anunoby 22 Rebs:Thompson 8 Asts:McIntyre 11 | | Pts:Morris 21 Rebs:Lydon 10 Asts:Morris 7 \n Memphis Grizzlies 92, Portland Trail Blazers 97 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–19, 20–27, 22–23, 26–28 \nPts:Goodwin 27 Rebs:Watford, Simmons 6 Asts:Carter 4 | | Pts:Swanigan 21 Rebs:Swanigan 15 Asts:Baldwin IV 4 \n Miami Heat 68, Golden State Warriors 79 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:23–19, 18–23, 18–22, 9–15 \nPts:Jones Jr. 24 Rebs:Adebayo 14 Asts:Jones Jr. 5 | | Pts:Nunn 16 Rebs:Nunn 11 Asts:Magette 4 \n San Antonio Spurs 89, Portland Trail Blazers 95 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–22, 23–22, 22–30, 28–21 \nPts:Blossomgame, Walker IV 12 Rebs:Brimah 9 Asts:Perrantes 5 | | Pts:Trent Jr. 20 Rebs:Swanigan 9 Asts:Baldwin IV 9 \n San Antonio Spurs 76, Utah Jazz 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–23, 17–28, 21–28, 21–13 \nPts:White 22 Rebs:Brimah 9 Asts:White 6 | | Pts:Niang 17 Rebs:Bradley 11 Asts:Allen 7 \n July 15 8:00 pm \n---\n The Sacramento Kings will host its own Summer League event called the California Classic at the Golden 1 Center in Sacramento. The event is scheduled to take place before the Las Vegas Summer League begins, with the teams in place for the event involving the Sacramento Kings, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors, and Miami Heat. Eight days later, the Kings confirmed that their own Summer League event (titled the California Classic Summer League) would take place from July 2-5, 2018 (taking a day off to celebrate the Fourth of July), replacing the Orlando Pro Summer League. On May 14, 2018, the Sacramento Kings confirmed that report. \n July 13 10:30 pm \n---\n July 11 10:30 pm \n---\n Now in its fourth year, the Utah Jazz Summer League will feature six games and host four teams:the Utah Jazz, Atlanta Hawks, Memphis Grizzlies and San Antonio Spurs. Each team will play on July 2, 3 and 5. All games will be played at Vivint Smart Home Arena. \n Atlanta Hawks 88, Memphis Grizzlies 103 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–27, 21–20, 24–25, 23–31 \nPts:Dorsey 18 Rebs:Landale 9 Asts:Dorsey 4 | | Pts:Jackson Jr. 29 Rebs:Davis 7 Asts:Goodwin 5 \n Minnesota Timberwolves 83, Denver Nuggets 71 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:26–20, 19–23, 19–12, 19–16 \nPts:Bates-Diop, Gray 14 Rebs:Jefferson 9 Asts:Cousins 6 | | Pts:Williams 17 Rebs:Meeks 11 Asts:Machado 7 \n The 2018 Las Vegas NBA Summer League is the official summer league of the National Basketball Association. The league will be held at the Thomas and Mack Center and Cox Pavilion in Las Vegas, Nevada on the campus of University of Nevada, Las Vegas. It will begin on July 6 and end on July 17. For the first time in league history, all 30 teams will participate. With every team participating, the event will expand to 82 games in 12 days. Teams will compete in a tournament style schedule in three preliminary games before seeding in a tournament; each team will play at least five games and as many as eight games. The event will conclude with the 2018 NBA Summer League Championship game on July 17. \n July 7 11:00 pm \n---\n First-round losers will play consolation games to determine 17th through 30th places based on the tiebreaker system stated above. Second-round losers will play consolation games to determine ninth through 16th places. \n July 13 6:30 pm \n---\n Indiana Pacers 88, Cleveland Cavaliers 93 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–21, 18–26, 22–22, 24–24 \nPts:Leaf 20 Rebs:Leaf 9 Asts:Holiday 8 | | Pts:Osman 25 Rebs:Lee, Osman 6 Asts:Osman 6 \n July 6 3:00 pm \n---\n Golden State Warriors 69, Charlotte Hornets 87 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:14–24, 20–19, 18–20, 17–24 \nPts:Derrickson 20 Rebs:Tokoto 10 Asts:Magette 8 | | Pts:Bacon 19 Rebs:Hernangomez 13 Asts:Chealey 6 \n 1. Head-to-head result (applicable only to ties between two teams, not to multiple-team ties) \n 2. Quarter point system (1 point for win, . 5 for tie, 0 for loss, 0 for overtime periods) \n 3. Point differential",
"July 7 7:00 pm \n---\n Washington Wizards 90, San Antonio Spurs 95 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:15–26, 16–14, 31–31, 28–24 \nPts:Robinson 24 Rebs:Brown Jr. 12 Asts:Chiozza 11 | | Pts:Blossomgame 22 Rebs:Blossomgame 9 Asts:Hanlan, Ledbetter, Metu 3 \n July 13 10:00 pm \n---\n July 15 10:00 pm \n---\n July 10 5:30 pm \n---\n July 11 6:00 pm \n---\n # | Team | GP | | | PCT | QP | PD \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Los Angeles Lakers | | | 0 | 1.000 | 10.5 | \n| Portland Trail Blazers | | | 0 | 1.000 | 8 | \\+38 \n| Phoenix Suns | | | 0 | 1.000 | 8 | \\+33 \n| Denver Nuggets | | | 0 | 1.000 | 8 | \\+21 \n5 | Houston Rockets | | | 0 | 1.000 | 6 | \n6 | Oklahoma City Thunder | | | | . 667 | 8 | \n7 | New Orleans Pelicans | | | | . 667 | 7 | \\+31 \n8 | Minnesota Timberwolves | | | | . 667 | 7 | \\+19 \n9 | Dallas Mavericks | | | | . 667 | 7 | \\+16 \n10 | Boston Celtics | | | | . 667 | 7 | \\+13 \n11 | Orlando Magic | | | | . 667 | 5.5 | \\+18 \n12 | Cleveland Cavaliers | | | | . 667 | 5.5 | \\+13 \n13 | Charlotte Hornets | | | | . 667 | 5 | \n14 | Milwaukee Bucks | | | | . 333 | 7.5 | \n15 | Indiana Pacers | | | | . 333 | 7 | \\+2 \n16 | Washington Wizards | | | | . 333 | 7 | \\- 6 \n17 | Los Angeles Clippers | | | | . 333 | 6 | \\- 10 \n18 | Atlanta Hawks | | | | . 333 | 6 | \\- 11 \n19 | San Antonio Spurs | | | | . 333 | 5.5 | \\- 11 \n20 | Golden State Warriors | | | | . 333 | 5.5 | \\- 20 \n21 | Sacramento Kings | | | | . 333 | 5 | \\- 4 \n22 | Utah Jazz | | | | . 333 | 5 | \\- 18 \n23 | New York Knicks | | | | . 333 | 5 | \\- 20 \n24 | Chicago Bulls | | | | . 333 | 4.5 | \\- 12 \n25 | Detroit Pistons | | | | . 333 | 4.5 | \\- 22 \n26 | Miami Heat | | | | . 333 | | \\- 22 \n27 | Memphis Grizzlies | | | | . 333 | | \\- 41 \n28 | Brooklyn Nets | | 0 | | . 000 | 5 | \n29 | Toronto Raptors | | 0 | | . 000 | | \n30 | Philadelphia 76ers | | 0 | | . 000 | | \n July 12 8:00 pm \n---\n July 15 6:00 pm \n---\n Orlando Magic 53, Phoenix Suns 71 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:11–20, 13–19, 20–12, 9–20 \nPts:Isaac 10 Rebs:Iwundu 8 Asts:three Player 2 | | Pts:Ayton 17 Rebs:Ayton 13 Asts:Harrison 6 \n July 8 5:00 pm \n---\n July 16 10:30 pm \n---\n Chicago Bulls 86, Cleveland Cavaliers 81 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:21–16, 26–23, 16–20, 23–22 \nPts:Blakeney 25 Rebs:Carter Jr. 9 Asts:Blakeney 4 | | Pts:Zizic 25 Rebs:Zizic 11 Asts:Smith 4 \n Detroit Pistons 72, Chicago Bulls 66 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:13–23, 27–11, 16–11, 16–21 \nPts:Ellenson 21 Rebs:Hamilton 10 Asts:Brown 4 | | Pts:Blakeney 24 Rebs:Carter Jr. 16 Asts:Arcidiacono, Hutchison 3 \n July 9 7:30 pm \n---\n July 6 11:00 pm \n---\n Charlotte Hornets 80, Boston Celtics 100 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–30, 16–15, 22–23, 22–32 \nPts:Bridges 20 Rebs:Hernangomez 11 Asts:Graham 6 | | Pts:Bird, Uthoff 16 Rebs:Yabusele 8 Asts:Bird 5 \n July 17 10:00 pm \n---\n July 11 4:30 pm \n---\n July 13 8:30 pm \n---\n July 7 5:00 pm \n---\n # | Team | GP | | | PCT | QP | Explanation \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Portland Trail Blazers | 7 | 7 | 0 | 1.000 | 20 | Won Championship Game \n| Los Angeles Lakers | 7 | 6 | | . 857 | 18 | Lost Championship Game \n| Cleveland Cavaliers | 7 | 5 | | . 714 | 16 | Lost in Semifinals \n| Memphis Grizzlies | 7 | | | . 571 | 12.5 | Lost in Semifinals \n5 | Boston Celtics | 6 | | | . 667 | 14 | Lost in Quarterfinals \n6 | Detroit Pistons | 6 | | | . 500 | 9.5 | Lost in Quarterfinals \n7 | Toronto Raptors | 6 | | | . 333 | 10.5 | Lost in Quarterfinals \n8 | Philadelphia 76ers | 6 | | | . 333 | 6.5 | Lost in Quarterfinals \n9 | Houston Rockets | 5 | | | . 800 | 10.5 | Lost in Second Round \n10 | Charlotte Hornets | 5 | | | . 600 | 10 | Lost in Second Round \n11 | Atlanta Hawks | 6 | | | . 500 | 12 | Lost in Second Round \n12 | Milwaukee Bucks | 5 | | | . 400 | 11.5 | Lost in Second Round \n13 | Chicago Bulls | 5 | | | . 400 | 9.5 | Lost in Second Round \n14 | Utah Jazz | 5 | | | . 400 | 9.5 | Lost in Second Round \n15 | Miami Heat | 5 | | | . 400 | 7 | Lost in Second Round \n16 | Los Angeles Clippers | 6 | | | . 333 | 11 | Lost in Second Round \n17 | Phoenix Suns | 5 | | | . 800 | 14 | Lost in First Round \n18 | Minnesota Timberwolves | 5 | | | . 600 | 12 | Lost in First Round \n19 | Oklahoma City Thunder | 5 | | | . 600 | 12 | Lost in First Round \n20 | Denver Nuggets | 5 | | | . 600 | 10.5 | Lost in First Round \n21 | Dallas Mavericks | 5 | | | . 600 | 10 | Lost in First Round \n22 | Indiana Pacers | 5 | | | . 400 | 13 | Lost in First Round \n23 | New Orleans Pelicans | 5 | | | . 400 | 10 | Lost in First Round \n24 | New York Knicks | 5 | | | . 400 | 9 | Lost in First Round \n25 | Orlando Magic | 5 | | | . 400 | 8.5 | Lost in First Round \n26 | Sacramento Kings | 5 | | | . 400 | 8.5 | Lost in First Round \n27 | Washington Wizards | 5 | | | . 200 | 10.5 | Lost in First Round \n28 | San Antonio Spurs | 5 | | | . 200 | 8 | Lost in First Round \n29 | Golden State Warriors | 5 | | | . 200 | 7.5 | Lost in First Round \n30 | Brooklyn Nets | 5 | 0 | 5 | . 000 | 6.5 | Lost in First Round \n July 9 5:00 pm \n---\n July 10 5:00 pm \n---\n July 8 9:30 pm \n---\n Los Angeles Lakers 69, Chicago Bulls 60 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–15, 17–14, 17–14, 17–17 \nPts:Hart 19 Rebs:Wagner 14 Asts:three players tied 3 | | Pts:Williams 12 Rebs:Arcidiacono 9 Asts:Arcidiacono, Trimble 3 \n July 14 4:30 pm \n---\n The championship is determined by a single-elimination tournament; the top 2 teams receive a first-round bye. \n July 9 5:30 pm \n---\n Philadelphia 76ers 88, Phoenix Suns 86 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–20, 19–22, 28–19, 25–25 \nPts:Miles 20 Rebs:Booker 7 Asts:Booker 6 | | Pts:Harrison 17 Rebs:Ayton 9 Asts:Harrison 6 \n Orlando Magic 85, Oklahoma City Thunder 87 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:14–20, 24–27, 24–20, 23–20 \nPts:Purvis 20 Rebs:three player tied 5 Asts:Wright 5 | | Pts:Burton 17 Rebs:Burton 8 Asts:Burton, Hamilton 5 \n Atlanta Hawks 107, Indiana Pacers 101 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:16–32, 24–30, 32–23, 35–16 \nPts:Dorsey 24 Rebs:Spellman 9 Asts:Young 8 | | Pts:Poythress 21 Rebs:Johnson 14 Asts:Holiday 9 \n Golden 1 Center, Sacramento, California \n---\n July 7 3:30 pm \n---\n * Memphis Grizzlies \n * Atlanta Hawks \n * San Antonio Spurs \n * Utah Jazz",
"Utah Jazz 90, Miami Heat 98 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–18, 29–29, 19–30, 24–21 \nPts:Allen, Stone 17 Rebs:three Player 7 Asts:Lewis 6 | | Pts:Adebayo 24 Rebs:Adebayo 9 Asts:Walton Jr. 5 \n July 14 6:30 pm \n---\n Golden State Warriors 81, Houston Rockets 87 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:25–13, 25–28, 17–11, 14–35 \nPts:Derrickson 23 Rebs:Derrickson 7 Asts:Bell, Tokoto 2 | | Pts:Hunter 24 Rebs:Hartenstein 7 Asts:House 5 \n Detroit Pistons 70, Memphis Grizzlies 73 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–21, 16–18, 18–18, 18–16 \nPts:Ellenson 15 Rebs:Brown, Ellenson 7 Asts:Drew II 5 | | Pts:Selden 20 Rebs:Rabb 10 Asts:Carter 4 \n Teams are seeded first by overall record, then by a tiebreaker system. Coin toss is used if the tiebreakers below fail. \n Brooklyn Nets 69, Minnesota Timberwolves 78 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:12–17, 19–14, 18–23, 20–24 \nPts:Dawson, Watanabe 14 Rebs:Allen 12 Asts:McLaughlin 5 | | Pts:Terrell 13 Rebs:Jefferson 12 Asts:Okogie 4 \n Charlotte Hornets 94, Miami Heat 90 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–26, 24–20, 21–22, 27–22 \nPts:Bacon, Hernangomez 22 Rebs:Hernangomez 10 Asts:Graham 7 | | Pts:Macon 17 Rebs:Nnoko 13 Asts:Walton Jr. 6 \n July 9 7:00 pm \n---\n Philadelphia 76ers 79, Los Angeles Lakers 96 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–20, 14–25, 20–21, 26–30 \nPts:Smith 16 Rebs:Miles 11 Asts:Jackson 5 | | Pts:Hart 24 Rebs:Ayres, Mykhailiuk 9 Asts:Caruso 4 \n July 8 7:00 pm \n---\n Sacramento Kings 69, Golden State Warriors 67 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:19–14, 13–26, 18–14, 19–13 \nPts:Brown 17 Rebs:Auguste 11 Asts:Foster 5 | | Pts:Nunn 14 Rebs:Tokoto, Derrickson 7 Asts:Magette 6 \n July 12 10:00 pm \n---\n Milwaukee Bucks 83, Denver Nuggets 90 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–18, 28–26, 13–23, 25–23 \nPts:Brown 27 Rebs:Brown 7 Asts:Trice II 6 | | Pts:Morris 20 Rebs:Morris 6 Asts:Morris 8 \n July 14 8:30 pm \n---\n Washington Wizards 87, Philadelphia 76ers 75 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–17, 19–10, 24–28, 22–20 \nPts:Brown Jr. 23 Rebs:Bryant 12 Asts:Chiozza 11 | | Pts:McCullough 20 Rebs:Bolden 9 Asts:Jackson 4 \n July 13 4:30 pm \n---\n The 2018 NBA Summer League consists of three pro basketball leagues organized by the National Basketball Association (NBA):the Sacramento Kings's California Classic Summer League, Utah Jazz Summer League, and Las Vegas Summer League. \n Brooklyn Nets 102, Houston Rockets 109 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–29, 26–23, 34–34, 20–23 \nPts:Doyle 21 Rebs:Allen 11 Asts:Doyle 6 | | Pts:House 18 Rebs:House 8 Asts:Melton 4 \n Milwaukee Bucks 90, Detroit Pistons 63 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:14–8, 25–14, 21–19, 30–22 \nPts:Wood 23 Rebs:Wood 11 Asts:Barnett 4 | | Pts:Ellenson 16 Rebs:Ellenson 10 Asts:Drew II 3 \n Utah Jazz 75, Orlando Magic 70 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–19, 21–10, 10–18, 24–23 \nPts:Stone 14 Rebs:Niang, Stone 11 Asts:Mitrou-Long 4 | | Pts:Caupain 14 Rebs:Iwundu, Comanche 9 Asts:Caupain 5 \n July 6 7:00 pm \n---\n July 3 7:00 pm \n---\n Atlanta Hawks 101, Chicago Bulls 93 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:18–33, 29–17, 30–21, 24–22 \nPts:Young 24 Rebs:Spellman 10 Asts:Young 5 | | Pts:Blakeney, Carter Jr. 23 Rebs:Carter Jr. 6 Asts:Hutchison 8 \n San Antonio Spurs 55, Phoenix Suns 90 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:13–13, 9–29, 19–23, 14–25 \nPts:Rowan 11 Rebs:Blossomgame 6 Asts:Perrantes 4 | | Pts:Green 20 Rebs:Cooley 9 Asts:Harrison 7 \n July 2 7:00 pm \n---\n Los Angeles Clippers 90, Houston Rockets 104 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–29, 25–27, 25–24, 23–24 \nPts:Gilgeous-Alexander 25 Rebs:Hunter 8 Asts:Gilgeous-Alexander 4 | | Pts:Melton 26 Rebs:Melton 10 Asts:Melton 5 \n July 12 4:00 pm \n---\n July 12 10:30 pm \n---\n Memphis Grizzlies 87, San Antonio Spurs 94 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–25, 25–26, 18–23, 24–20 \nPts:Selden 26 Rebs:Selden 7 Asts:Goodwin 6 | | Pts:White 26 Rebs:Metu 9 Asts:White 6 \n Philadelphia 76ers 73, Memphis Grizzlies 82 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:15–26, 21–23, 18–21, 19–12 \nPts:Korkmaz 18 Rebs:McCullough 7 Asts:Smith 4 | | Pts:Goodwin 21 Rebs:Davis 10 Asts:Simmons 7 \n July 5 5:00 pm \n---\n | First round (July 11 & 12) | | Second round (July 12 & 14) | | Quarterfinals (July 15) | | Semifinals (July 16) | | Championship (July 17) \n---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | \n| | | | \n| | | | \n| | | Los Angeles Lakers | 82 | \n| \n| | | 17 | Los Angeles Clippers | 69 | \n| 16 | Washington Wizards | 74 \n| 17 | Los Angeles Clippers | 89 | \n| | | | Los Angeles Lakers | 101 | \n| \n| | 25 | Detroit Pistons | 78 | \n| 9 | Dallas Mavericks | 83 | \n| 24 | Chicago Bulls | 95 | \n| | 24 | Chicago Bulls | 66 \n| \n| | | 25 | Detroit Pistons | 72 | \n| 8 | Minnesota Timberwolves | 59 \n| 25 | Detroit Pistons | 64 | \n| | | | | Los Angeles Lakers (2OT) | 112 | \n| | \n| | 12 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 109 | \n| | Denver Nuggets | 77 | \n| 29 | Toronto Raptors | 85 | \n| | 29 | Toronto Raptors (OT) | 84 \n| \n| | | 13 | Charlotte Hornets | 81 | \n| 13 | Charlotte Hornets | 87 \n| 20 | Golden State Warriors | 69 | \n| | | 29 | Toronto Raptors | 68 \n| \n| | 12 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 82 | \n| 12 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 96 | \n| 21 | Sacramento Kings | 84 | \n| | 12 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 92 \n| \n| | | 5 | Houston Rockets | 87 | \n| 5 | Houston Rockets | 109 \n| 28 | Brooklyn Nets | 102 | \n| | | | Los Angeles Lakers | 73 \n| | | | Portland Trail Blazers | 91 \n| | | | \n| | | | \n| | | Portland Trail Blazers | 95 | \n| \n| | | 18 | Atlanta Hawks | 69 | \n| 15 | Indiana Pacers | 101 \n| 18 | Atlanta Hawks | 107 | \n| | | | Portland Trail Blazers | 95 | \n| \n| | 10 | Boston Celtics | 80 | \n| 10 | Boston Celtics | 82 | \n| 23 | New York Knicks | 75 | \n| | 10 | Boston Celtics | 74 \n| \n| | | 26 | Miami Heat | 72 | \n| 7 | New Orleans Pelicans | 106 \n| 26 | Miami Heat | 110 | \n| | | | | Portland Trail Blazers | 97 \n| | \n| | 27 | Memphis Grizzlies | 92 | \n| | Phoenix Suns | 86 | \n| 30 | Philadelphia 76ers | 88 | \n| | 30 | Philadelphia 76ers | 91 \n| \n| | | 14 | Milwaukee Bucks | 89 | | | \n| 14 | Milwaukee Bucks (OT) | 83 \n| 19 | San Antonio Spurs | 75 | \n| | | 30 | Philadelphia 76ers | 73 | | | | \n| \n| | 27 | Memphis Grizzlies | 82 | | | | | \n| 11 | Orlando Magic | 70 | \n| 22 | Utah Jazz | 75 | \n| | 22 | Utah Jazz | 86 \n| \n| | | 27 | Memphis Grizzlies | 92 | \n| 6 | Oklahoma City Thunder | 85 \n| 27 | Memphis Grizzlies | 92 | \n All times are in Mountain Daylight Time (UTC–6) \n New York Knicks 91, Atlanta Hawks 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–12, 18–33, 26–14, 25–30 \nPts:Knox 22 Rebs:Dotson, Knox 8 Asts:Ntilikina 5 | | Pts:Collins 30 Rebs:Dorsey 14 Asts:Young 11 \n Houston Rockets 92, Indiana Pacers 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–26, 28–19, 20–21, 22–23 \nPts:House, Duval 20 Rebs:Hartenstein 11 Asts:House, Melton 4 | | Pts:Holiday 23 Rebs:Leaf 10 Asts:Sumner, Alford, Holiday 3 \n July 13 4:00 pm \n---\n July 6 5:00 pm \n---\n Oklahoma City Thunder 90, Brooklyn Nets 76 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–19, 30–13, 28–22, 12–22 \nPts:Diallo 19 Rebs:Thomas 11 Asts:Hamilton 7 | | Pts:Pinson 16 Rebs:Thompson 7 Asts:McLaughlin 6 \n Philadelphia 76ers 91, Milwaukee Bucks 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:11–18, 27–21, 29–20, 24–30 \nPts:Korkmaz 19 Rebs:Bolden 8 Asts:Jackson 5 | | Pts:Wood 27 Rebs:Wood 12 Asts:Brown, Trice II 3",
"Pts:Knox 22 Rebs:Dotson, Knox 8 Asts:Ntilikina 5 | | Pts:Collins 30 Rebs:Dorsey 14 Asts:Young 11 \n Houston Rockets 92, Indiana Pacers 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:22–26, 28–19, 20–21, 22–23 \nPts:House, Duval 20 Rebs:Hartenstein 11 Asts:House, Melton 4 | | Pts:Holiday 23 Rebs:Leaf 10 Asts:Sumner, Alford, Holiday 3 \n July 13 4:00 pm \n---\n July 6 5:00 pm \n---\n Oklahoma City Thunder 90, Brooklyn Nets 76 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:20–19, 30–13, 28–22, 12–22 \nPts:Diallo 19 Rebs:Thomas 11 Asts:Hamilton 7 | | Pts:Pinson 16 Rebs:Thompson 7 Asts:McLaughlin 6 \n Philadelphia 76ers 91, Milwaukee Bucks 89 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:11–18, 27–21, 29–20, 24–30 \nPts:Korkmaz 19 Rebs:Bolden 8 Asts:Jackson 5 | | Pts:Wood 27 Rebs:Wood 12 Asts:Brown, Trice II 3 \n In its first year, the California Classic is scheduled to take place before the Las Vegas Summer League begins, with the teams in place for the event involving the Sacramento Kings, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors, and Miami Heat. During the month of May, the Kings confirmed that their own Summer League event (titled the California Classic Summer League) would take place from July 2-5, 2018 (taking a day off to celebrate the Fourth of July), replacing the Orlando Pro Summer League. \n Los Angeles Lakers 109, New York Knicks 92 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:24–23, 29–19, 25–36, 31–14 \nPts:Hart 27 Rebs:Rathan-Mayes 7 Asts:Caruso 10 | | Pts:Knox 29 Rebs:Trier 10 Asts:Trier 5 \n Portland Trail Blazers 91, Los Angeles Lakers 73 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:31–19, 19–14, 21–18, 20–22 \nPts:McDaniels 17 Rebs:Swanigan 9 Asts:Baldwin IV 6 | | Pts:Hart 12 Rebs:Williams 6 Asts:Caruso 4 \n Washington Wizards 92, Dallas Mavericks 96 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:13–29, 21–6, 28–25, 30–36 \nPts:Brown Jr. 25 Rebs:Robinson 12 Asts:Chiozza 5 | | Pts:Adams, Jones 21 Rebs:Adams, Spalding 8 Asts:Collinsworth 4 \n July 11 6:30 pm \n---\n July 2 11:00 pm \n---\n Toronto Raptors 87, Charlotte Hornets 84 (OT) \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–21, 20–16, 28–24, 15–19, Overtime:7–4 \nPts:Alkins 25 Rebs:Alkins 11 Asts:McIntyre 5 | | Pts:Bacon 28 Rebs:Bridges 11 Asts:Bridges, Chealey 4 \n July 11 4:00 pm \n---\n Boston Celtics 69, Denver Nuggets 82 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:12–17, 17–11, 20–28, 18–24 \nPts:Bird 24 Rebs:Martin 7 Asts:Ojeleye 4 | | Pts:Purcell, Beasley 19 Rebs:Meeks 8 Asts:Morris 6 \n July 12 8:30 pm \n---\n San Antonio Spurs 75, Milwaukee Bucks 83 (OT) \n--- \nScoring by quarter:13–18, 25–28, 20–17, 17–12, Overtime:0–8 \nPts:Blossomgame 19 Rebs:Blossomgame, Walker IV 9 Asts:Ledbetter 4 | | Pts:Wood 26 Rebs:Wood 15 Asts:Trice II 7 \n Four teams participated in the round-robin format of the Utah Jazz Summer League from July 2 to July 5, 2018. All four teams (Utah Jazz, Atlanta Hawks, Memphis Grizzlies, and San Antonio Spurs) also participated in the Las Vegas Summer League. \n Chicago Bulls 95, Dallas Mavericks 83 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:15–28, 27–12, 25–21, 28–22 \nPts:Blakeney 25 Rebs:Hutchison 11 Asts:Arcidiacono 7 | | Pts:Collinsworth 14 Rebs:Collinsworth 10 Asts:Brunson 7 \n Cox Pavilion, Paradise, Nevada \n---\n Los Angeles Clippers 71, Golden State Warriors 77 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:17–29, 22–13, 21–16, 11–19 \nPts:Thornwell 18 Rebs:Jerrett, Upshaw 10 Asts:Gilgeous-Alexander 4 | | Pts:Nunn 18 Rebs:Bell 11 Asts:Bell 5 \n Dallas Mavericks 81, Milwaukee Bucks 78 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:26–28, 22–22, 17–13, 16–15 \nPts:Motley 20 Rebs:Jones 9 Asts:Smith Jr. 7 | | Pts:Trice II 16 Rebs:Wood 10 Asts:Quarterman, Wilson 4 \n Miami Heat 89, Los Angeles Lakers 74 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:31–19, 22–15, 26–16, 10–24 \nPts:Jones Jr. 21 Rebs:Adebayo 10 Asts:Macon 11 | | Pts:Mykhailiuk 12 Rebs:Williams 9 Asts:Rathan-Mayes 5 \n July 9 9:00 pm \n---\n July 15 4:00 pm \n---\n Golden State Warriors 71, Sacramento Kings 54 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:27–11, 14–20, 17–7, 13–16 \nPts:Evans 13 Rebs:Jones 8 Asts:Bell 7 | | Pts:Jackson 20 Rebs:Bagley III 7 Asts:Mason 5 \n # | Team | GP | | | PTS | Tiebreaker Notes \n---|---|---|---|---|---|--- \n| Golden State Warriors | | | 0 | 25 | \n| Miami Heat | | | | 21 | \n| Sacramento Kings | | | | 20.5 | \n| Los Angeles Lakers | | 0 | | 17 | \n The Las Vegas NBA Summer League is the official summer league of the NBA. It is the premier summer league of the three, and it is the first year all 30 teams will be participating in. 82 games were played from July 6 to 17, 2018, across two venues, the Thomas & Mack Center and Cox Pavilion, both located in Paradise, Nevada (near Las Vegas). The Las Vegas NBA Summer League championship featured a rematch of the previous year's teams, the Los Angeles Lakers and the Portland Trail Blazers. \n Cleveland Cavaliers 92, Houston Rockets 87 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:26–20, 24–30, 20–21, 22–16 \nPts:Sexton, Smith 17 Rebs:Artis 9 Asts:Sexton, Smith 3 | | Pts:House 30 Rebs:Melton 10 Asts:Melton 7 \n Miami Heat 86, Sacramento Kings 76 \n--- \nScoring by quarter:25–17, 20–17, 18–18, 23–24 \nPts:Jones Jr. 19 Rebs:Adebayo 9 Asts:Walton Jr. 7 | | Pts:Jackson 26 Rebs:Giles 12 Asts:Mason III"
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"Gmina Parczew Gmina Parczew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Parczew, which lies approximately north-east of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 14,852 (out of which the population of Parczew amounts to 10,281, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,571). Gmina Parczew is bordered by the gminas of Dębowa Kłoda, Jabłoń, Milanów, Niedźwiada, Ostrów Lubelski, Siemień and Uścimów. The gmina contains the following villages having the status of sołectwo: Babianka, Brudno, Buradów, Jasionka, Koczergi, Komarne, Królewski Dwór, Laski, Michałówka, Pohulanka, Przewłoka, Siedliki, Sowin, Tyśmienica, Wierzbówka, Wola Przewłocka and Zaniówka. <br> Gmina Parczew Gmina Parczew is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Parczew County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Parczew, which lies approximately north-east of the regional capital Lublin. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 14,852 (out of which the population of Parczew amounts to 10,281, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 4,571). Gmina Parczew is bordered by the"
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"Brestovec, Komárno District Brestovec () is a village and municipality in the Komárno District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia. The village lies at an altitude of 110 metres and covers an area of 7.491 km². It has a population of about 490 people. In the 9th century, the territory of Brestovec became part of the Kingdom of Hungary. In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1327. After the Austro-Hungarian army disintegrated in November 1918, Czechoslovak troops occupied the area, later acknowledged internationally by the Treaty of Trianon. Between 1938 and 1945 Brestovec once more became part of Miklós Horthy's Hungary through the First Vienna Award. From 1945 until the Velvet Divorce, it was part of Czechoslovakia. Since then it has been part of Slovakia. The village is about 97% Hungarian, 3% Slovak. The village has a public library, and a football pitch. The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive \"Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Nitra, Slovakia\" Brestovec, Komárno District Brestovec () is a village and municipality in the Komárno District in the Nitra Region of south-west Slovakia. The village lies at an altitude of 110 metres and covers an area of 7.491 km²."
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"Kokoamu Greensand The Kokoamu Greensand is a geological formation found in New Zealand. It is a fossil-bearing, late Oligocene, greensand rock unit of the eastern South Island, especially the Waitaki District of North Otago and the southern Canterbury region. The formation was named by geologist Maxwell Gage in the 1950s. In North Otago it underlies the thicker and harder Otekaike Limestone formation.The formation gets its green colour from the mineral glauconite which forms slowly on the ocean floor. The formation was laid down in shallow seas some 26-30 million years ago. It contains abundant microfossils of foraminifera, ostracods and coccoliths, those of larger marine invertebrates such as the shells of brachiopods, gastropods and scallops, as well as corals, echinoderms, and crustaceans. Vertebrates found in the formation include fish, penguins and cetaceans. Many of the fossils discovered in the formation are held in the Geology Museum of the University of Otago. Kokoamu Greensand The Kokoamu Greensand is a geological formation found in New Zealand. It is a fossil-bearing, late Oligocene, greensand rock unit of the eastern South Island, especially the Waitaki District of North Otago and the southern Canterbury region. The formation was named by geologist Maxwell Gage in the 1950s."
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"Anna Inglese Anna Inglese (\"floruit\" 1468 – 1499) was a prominent singer at the courts of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan and Ferdinand I of Naples and one of the very few professional women singers working in 15th-century Italy. Over two centuries later, she was listed in \"Istoria delle donne scientiate\" (History of Learned Women) simply as \"excellent in music, she lived in 1470.\" Little is known about her life, and what is available has come from 15th-century archival material. She is thought to have originally come from England and hence was referred to as \"Inglese\" (Italian for \"English\"). She was also referred to as \"Madamma (or Madama) Anna\". Her actual surname is unknown. One of the earliest documentations of her activity was in 1468 when she was recommended by Gugliemo di Monferrato as a singer for Galeazzo Maria Sforza and Bona of Savoy's impending wedding festivities. Monferrato, who had been Galeazzo Sforza's tutor, noted in his letter that in addition to singing, Anna could also devise entertainments and was an honourable person. Anna arrived in Milan in the Spring of 1468 with a sizable retinue that also included at least one \"tenorista\" (a musician who accompanied the singer on the lute or violin). They remained there for several months and were lodged in the house of Donato Cagnola, one of the permanent singers at Galeazzo Sforza's court. During that time Cagnola wrote a letter to Sforza complaining at having to host Anna's \"brigade\" at his own expense. On her departure from Milan, the Duke paid Anna 100 ducats, a large sum at the time, and provided an expensive set of new clothes for her \"tenorista\". The next existing record of her is in 1471 when she was listed as a singer employed at the court of Ferdinand I of Naples and referred to as \"Madamma Anna\". The following year a letter to Galeazzo Sforza from the Milanese ambassador to Naples described Anna dancing with Ferdinand's daughter Leonora in the palace gardens. Anna was mentioned on the payrolls of the Neapolitan court again in 1476, twice more in the 1480s, and finally in 1499 when she was paid 150 ducats for her services. Also listed on the 1499 payroll was a certain \"Galderi de Madamma Anna\", whom Allan Atlas speculates was most probably her son. However, Bonnie Blackburn has noted that there are no other surviving records which mention Galderi and he may have simply been Anna's \"tenorista\". Blackburn and other musicologists have also found possible references to Anna prior to 1468. Blackburn has speculated that she may have been the young English woman who entertained the 11-year-old Galeazzo Sforza in Venice in 1455. A letter by one of Galeazzo's tutors to his father stated that amongst the group of \"very notable singers\" at a banquet in the boy's honour was \"an English damsel who sang so sweetly and suavely that it seemed not a human voice, but divine.\" Lewis Lockwood notes (as does Blackburn) a payment record at the court of Borso d'Este, Duke of Ferrara in 1465 for \"Anna, cantarina Anglica\" (\"Anna, English singer\"). On this basis, James Haar and John Nádas have proposed that Anna Inglese may have been a relative (wife or sister) of another English musician at the Ferrara court, Robertus de Anglia (Robert of England), also known as Roberto Inglese. Robertus was at the Ferrara court from 1454 until 1467 and then went to Bologna as \"magister cantus\" at the San Petronio Basilica. He remained in Bologna until 1474 when he apparently returned to England. Anna Inglese Anna Inglese (\"floruit\" 1468 – 1499)"
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"Jean-Baptiste Loeillet of London Jean-Baptiste Loeillet of London (18 November 1680 – 19 July 1730), was a Flemish baroque composer as well as a performer on the recorder, flute, oboe, and harpsichord. He is called the London Loeillet to distinguish him from another famous composer, his first cousin Jean Baptiste Loeillet of Ghent, and he was the elder brother of Jacques Loeillet, also a composer. Loeillet was born at Ghent, then in the Spanish Netherlands. In 1705, after his studies in Ghent and Paris, he moved to London and became known as John. In London, his last name was sometimes rendered as 'Lully' or 'Lullie': he was unrelated to the Jean-Baptiste Lully, the Italian-born French composer. His works were published by John Walsh in London under the name of John Loeillet. He was successful as a player and teacher of the harpsichord. He played woodwind in the Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket and held musical gatherings every week at his home. His performances were well received in London; and he was responsible for introducing Arcangelo Corelli's \"12 concerti grossi\" to Londoners. According to the \"New Penguin Dictionary of Music\", he helped to popularise the transverse flute (a new instrument compared to the recorder) in England. He died in London. Leopold Godowsky's piano suite \"Renaissance\" features an arrangement of one of the Loeillet's Gigues. He also made the song gavotte and aria. \"Loeillet. Sonatas & Triosonatas\", La Caccia directed by Patrick Denecker, 2006, MF8007. Contains recordings of sonatas by Jean-Baptiste Loeillet de Gant, Jean-Baptiste Loeillet de Londres and Jacques Loeillet. Jean-Baptiste Loeillet of London Jean-Baptiste Loeillet of London (18 November 1680 – 19 July 1730), was a Flemish baroque composer as well as a performer on the recorder, flute, oboe, and harpsichord. He is called the London Loeillet to distinguish him"
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"Angela (Bee Gees song) \"Angela\" is a ballad performed by the Bee Gees for their album \"E.S.P.\" released in 1987. It was written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. The demo version was appear on \"The E.S.P. Demos\", and there is a promo video for this song. The song was released as a single in Germany with the remix version of \"You Win Again\" as its B-side, and this song reached #52. This song is performed by Barry Gibb. This song was the big ballad, with a brief catchy chorus and a long winding melody much in Barry's style. On its demo, it features the Barry's touchingly heartfelt vocal, Robin was also sing few lines on that demo, its emotional peaks matched by his own guitar playing, supported by instrumental and vocal work by Maurice and Robin, In the finished version, Barry re-recorded another vocal, The gimmicky percussion sound effects and added synthesizer are distracting, Barry's guitar accompaniment is lost in the mix: The musicians played on this song consist of: Barry Gibb on guitar and drum programming, Maurice Gibb on guitar, Robbie Kondor and Rhett Lawrence on keyboards, Greg Phillinganes on piano, Brian Tench on programming, Nick Moroch on guitar and Will Lee on bass (who also worked with Mariah Carey, Cher and others) Angela (Bee Gees song) \"Angela\" is a ballad performed by the Bee Gees for their album \"E.S.P.\" released in 1987. It was written by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb. The demo version was appear on \"The E.S.P. Demos\", and there is a promo video for this song. The song was released as a single in Germany with the remix version of \"You Win Again\" as its B-side, and this song reached #52. This song is performed by Barry Gibb. This song was the big ballad,"
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"Ruby, My Dear \"Ruby, My Dear\" is a jazz ballad composed by Thelonious Monk. The tune was named after Rubie Richardson, Monk's first love and his older sister Marion's best friend. It was first recorded at a 1947 session for Blue Note Records. Monk recorded \"Ruby, My Dear\" several times, including solo piano performances in 1959 and 1965, as well as versions with saxophonists Coleman Hawkins and John Coltrane (at New York's Five Spot Jazz Cafe in the summer of 1957). Lyrics were written by Sally Swisher and the song was recorded in 1988 by Carmen McRae as part of her studio album \"Carmen Sings Monk\". For copyright reasons, the song was renamed \"Dear Ruby\". Ruby, My Dear \"Ruby, My Dear\" is a jazz ballad composed by Thelonious Monk. The tune was named after Rubie Richardson, Monk's first love and his older sister Marion's best friend. It was first recorded at a 1947 session for Blue Note Records. Monk recorded \"Ruby, My Dear\" several times, including solo piano performances in 1959 and 1965, as well as versions with saxophonists Coleman Hawkins and John Coltrane (at New York's Five Spot Jazz Cafe in the summer of 1957). Lyrics were written by"
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"Heinkel He 111 The Heinkel He 111 was a German aircraft designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934. Through development it was described as a \"wolf in sheep's clothing\". Due to restrictions placed on Germany after the First World War prohibiting bombers, it masqueraded as a civil airliner, although from conception the design was intended to provide the nascent Luftwaffe with a fast medium bomber. Perhaps the best-recognised German bomber due to the distinctive, extensively glazed \"greenhouse\" nose of later versions, the Heinkel He 111 was the most numerous Luftwaffe bomber during the early stages of World War II. The bomber fared well until the Battle of Britain, when its weak defensive armament was exposed. Nevertheless, it proved capable of sustaining heavy damage and remaining airborne. As the war progressed, the He 111 was used in a variety of roles on every front in the European theatre. It was used as a strategic bomber during the Battle of Britain, a torpedo bomber in the Atlantic and Arctic, and a medium bomber and a transport aircraft on the Western, Eastern, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and North African Front theatres. The He 111 was constantly upgraded and modified, but became obsolete during the latter part of the war. The German Bomber B project was not realised, which forced the Luftwaffe to continue operating the He 111 in combat roles until the end of the war. Manufacture of the He 111 ceased in September 1944, at which point piston-engine bomber production was largely halted in favour of fighter aircraft. With the German bomber force virtually defunct, the He 111 was used for logistics. Production of the Heinkel continued after the war as the Spanish-built CASA 2.111. Spain received a batch of He 111H-16s in 1943 along with an agreement to licence-build Spanish versions. Its airframe was produced in Spain under licence by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA. The design differed significantly in powerplant only, eventually being equipped with Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. The Heinkel's descendant continued in service until 1973. After its defeat in World War I, Germany was banned from operating an air force by the Treaty of Versailles. German re-armament began earnestly in the 1930s and was initially kept secret because it violated the treaty. The early development of military bombers was disguised as a development program for civilian transport aircraft. Among the designers seeking to benefit from German re-armament was Ernst Heinkel. Heinkel decided to create the world's fastest passenger aircraft, a goal met with scepticism by Germany's aircraft industry and political leadership. Heinkel entrusted development to Siegfried and Walter Günter, both fairly new to the company and untested. In June 1933 Albert Kesselring visited Heinkel's offices. Kesselring was head of the Luftwaffe Administration Office: at that point Germany did not have a State Aviation Ministry but only an aviation commissariat, the \"Luftfahrtkommissariat\". Kesselring was hoping to build a new air force out of the Flying Corps being constructed in the \"Reichswehr\", and required modern aircraft. Kesselring convinced Heinkel to move his factory from Warnemünde to Rostock — with its factory airfield in the coastal \"Marienehe\" region of Rostock (today \"Rostock-Schmarl\") and bring in mass production, with a force of 3,000 employees. Heinkel began work on the new design, which garnered urgency as the American Lockheed 12, Boeing 247 and Douglas DC-2 began to appear. Features of the He 111 were apparent in the Heinkel He 70. The first single-engined He 70 \"Blitz\" (\"Lightning\") rolled off the line in 1932 and immediately started breaking records. In the normal four-passenger version its speed reached 380 km/h (230 mph) when powered by a 447 kW (600 hp) BMW VI engine. The He 70 was designed with an elliptical wing, which the Günther brothers had already incorporated into the Bäumer Sausewind before they joined Heinkel. This wing design became a feature in this and many subsequent designs they developed. The He 70 drew the interest of the Luftwaffe, which was looking for an aircraft with both bomber and transport capabilities. The He 111 was a twin-engine version of the \"Blitz\", preserving the elliptical inverted gull wing, small rounded control surfaces and BMW engines, so that the new design was often called the \"Doppel-Blitz\" (\"Double Lightning\"). When the Dornier Do 17 displaced the He 70, Heinkel needed a twin-engine design to match its competitors. Heinkel spent 200,000 man hours designing the He 111. The fuselage length was extended to just over 17.4 m/57 ft (from 11.7 m/38 ft 4½ in) and wingspan to 22.6 m/74 ft (from 14.6 m/48 ft). The first He 111 flew on 24 February 1935, piloted by chief test pilot Gerhard Nitschke, who was ordered not to land at the company's factory airfield at Rostock-Marienehe (today's Rostock-Schmarl neighbourhood), as this was considered too short, but at the central \"Erprobungstelle\" Rechlin test facility. He ignored these orders and landed back at Marienehe. He said that the He 111 performed slow manoeuvres well and that there was no danger of overshooting the runway. Nitschke also praised its high speed \"for the period\" and \"very good-natured flight and landing characteristics\", stable during cruising, gradual descent and single-engined flight and having no nose-drop when the undercarriage was operated. During the second test flight Nitschke revealed there was insufficient longitudinal stability during climb and flight at full power and the aileron controls required an unsatisfactory amount of force. By the end of 1935, prototypes V2 V4 had been produced under civilian registrations D-ALIX, D-ALES and D-AHAO. D-ALES became the first prototype of the He 111 A-1 on 10 January 1936 and received recognition as the \"fastest passenger aircraft in the world\", as its speed exceeded 402 km/h (250 mph). The design would have achieved a greater total speed had the 1,000 hp DB 600 inverted-V12 engine that powered the Messerschmitt Bf 109s tenth through thirteenth prototypes been available. Heinkel was forced initially to use the 650 hp BMW VI \"upright\" V12 liquid-cooled engine. During the war, British test pilot Eric Brown evaluated many Luftwaffe aircraft. Among them was an He 111 H-1 of \"Kampfgeschwader\" 26 which was forced to land at the Firth of Forth on 9 February 1940. Brown described his impression of the He 111s unique greenhouse nose, The overall impression of space within the cockpit area and the great degree of visual sighting afforded by the Plexiglas panelling were regarded as positive factors, with one important provision in relation to weather conditions. Should either bright sunshine or rainstorms be encountered, the pilot's visibility could be dangerously compromised either by glare throwback or lack of good sighting. Taxiing was easy and was only complicated by rain, when the pilot needed to slide back the window panel and look out to establish direction. On take off, Brown reported very little \"swing\" and the aircraft was well balanced. On landing, Brown noted that approach speed should be above 145 km/h (90 mph) and should be held until touchdown. This was to avoid a tendency by the He 111 to drop a wing, especially on the port side. In the mid-1930s, Dornier Flugzeugwerke and Junkers competed with Heinkel for Ministry of Aviation (German: Reichsluftfahrtministerium, abbreviated RLM) contracts. The main competitor to the Heinkel was the Junkers Ju 86. In 1935, comparison trials were undertaken with the He 111. At this point, the Heinkel was equipped with two BMW VI engines while Ju 86A was equipped with two Jumo 205Cs, both of which had 492 kW (660 hp). The He 111 had a slightly heavier takeoff weight of 8,220 kg (18,120 lb) compared to the Ju 86's 8,000 kg (17,640 lb) and the maximum speed of both aircraft was 311 km/h (193 mph). The Ju 86 had a higher cruising speed of , faster than the He 111. This",
"be held until touchdown. This was to avoid a tendency by the He 111 to drop a wing, especially on the port side. In the mid-1930s, Dornier Flugzeugwerke and Junkers competed with Heinkel for Ministry of Aviation (German: Reichsluftfahrtministerium, abbreviated RLM) contracts. The main competitor to the Heinkel was the Junkers Ju 86. In 1935, comparison trials were undertaken with the He 111. At this point, the Heinkel was equipped with two BMW VI engines while Ju 86A was equipped with two Jumo 205Cs, both of which had 492 kW (660 hp). The He 111 had a slightly heavier takeoff weight of 8,220 kg (18,120 lb) compared to the Ju 86's 8,000 kg (17,640 lb) and the maximum speed of both aircraft was 311 km/h (193 mph). The Ju 86 had a higher cruising speed of , faster than the He 111. This stalemate was altered drastically by the appearance of the DB 600C, which increased the He 111's power by 164 kW (220 hp). The Ministry of Aviation awarded both contracts, and Junkers sped up development and production at a breathtaking pace, but the financial expenditure for the Junkers was huge. In 1934-1935, 3,800,000 RM (4½% of annual turnover) was spent. The Ju 86 appeared at many flight displays all over the world which helped sales to the Ministry of Aviation and abroad. Dornier, which was also competing with their Do 17, and Heinkel were not as successful. In production terms, the He 111 was more prominent with 8,000 examples produced against just 846 Ju 86s, and was therefore the Luftwaffe's most numerous type at the beginning of the Second World War. The design of the He 111 A-L initially had a conventional stepped cockpit, with a pair of windscreen-like panels for the pilot and co-pilot. The He 111P and subsequent production variants were fitted with fully glazed cockpits and a laterally asymmetric nose, with the port side having the greater curvature for the pilot, offsetting the bombardier to starboard. The resulting stepless cockpit, which was a feature on a number of German bomber designs during the war years in varying shapes and formats, no longer had the separate windscreen panels for the pilot. Pilots had to look outside through the same bullet-like glazing that was used by the bombardier and navigator. The pilot was seated on the left and the navigator/bomb aimer on the right. The navigator went forward to the prone bomb-aiming position or could tilt his chair to one side, to move into the rear of the aircraft. There was no cockpit floor below the pilot's feet—the rudder pedals being on arms—giving very good visibility below. Sliding and removable panels were manufactured into the nose glazing to allow the pilot, navigator and or bomb aimer to exit the aircraft quickly, without a time-consuming retreat into the fuselage. The fuselage contained two major bulkheads, with the cockpit at the front of the first bulkhead. The nose was fitted with a rotating machine gun mount, offset to allow the pilot a better field of forward vision. The cockpit was fully glazed, with the exception of the lower right section, which acted as a platform for the bombardier-gunner. The commonly-used \"Lotfernrohr\"-series bombsight penetrated through the cockpit floor into a protective housing on the external side of the cockpit. Between the forward and rear bulkhead was the bomb bay, which was constructed with a double-frame to strengthen it for carrying the bomb load. The space between the bomb bay and rear bulkhead was used up by \"Funkgerät\" radio equipment and contained the dorsal and flexible casemate ventral gunner positions. The rear bulkhead contained a hatch which allowed access into the rest of the fuselage which was held together by a series of stringers. The wing was a two spar design. The fuselage was formed of stringers to which the fuselage skin was riveted. Internally the frames were fixed only to the stringers, which made for simpler construction at the cost of some rigidity. The wing leading edges were swept back to a point inline with the engine nacelles, while the trailing edges were angled forward slightly. The wing contained two 700 L (190 US gal) fuel tanks between the inner wing main spars, while at the head of the main spar the oil coolers were fitted. Between the outer spars, a second pair of reserve fuel tanks were located, carrying an individual capacity of 910 L (240 US gal) of fuel. The outer trailing edges were formed by the ailerons and flaps, which were met by smooth wing tips which curved forward into the leading edge. The outer leading edge sections were installed in the shape of a curved \"strip nosed\" rib, which was positioned ahead of the main spar. Most of the interior ribs were not solid, with the exception of the ribs located between the rear main spar and the flaps and ailerons. These were of solid construction, though even they had lightening holes. The control systems also had some innovations. The control column was centrally placed and the pilot sat on the port side of the cockpit. The column had an extension arm fitted and had the ability to be swung over to the starboard side in case the pilot was incapacitated. The control instruments were located above the pilot's head in the ceiling, which allowed viewing and did not block the pilot's vision. The fuel instruments were electrical. The He 111 used the inner fuel tanks, closest to the wing root, first. The outer tanks acted as reserve tanks. The pilot was alerted to the fuel level when there was 100 L (26 US gal) left. A manual pump was available in case of electrical or power failure but the delivery rate of just 4½ L (1.2 US gal) per minute demanded that the pilot fly at the lowest possible speed and just below 3,048 m (10,000 ft). The He 111 handled well at low speeds. The defensive machine gun positions were located in the glass nose and in the flexible ventral, dorsal and lateral positions in the fuselage, and all offered a significant field of fire. The machine gun in the nose could be moved 10° upwards from the horizontal and 15° downwards. It could traverse some 30° laterally. Both the dorsal and ventral machine guns could move up and downwards by 65°. The dorsal position could move the 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 machine gun 40° laterally, but the ventral \"Bola\"-mount 7.92 mm (.312 in) twinned MG 81Z machine guns could be moved 45° laterally. Each MG 81 single machine gun mounted in the side of the fuselage in \"waist\" positions, could move laterally by 40° and could move upwards from the horizontal by 30° and downwards by 40°. The first prototype, He 111 V1 (W.Nr. 713, D-ADAP), flew from Rostock-Marienehe on 24 February 1935. It was followed by the civilian-equipped V2 and V4 in May 1935. The V2 (W.Nr. 715, D-ALIX) used the bomb bay as a four-seat \"smoking compartment\", with another six seats behind it in the rear fuselage. V2 entered service with Deutsche Luft Hansa in 1936, along with six other newly built versions known as the He 111C. The He 111 V4 was unveiled to the foreign press on 10 January 1936. Nazi propaganda inflated the performance of the He 111C, announcing its maximum speed as 400 km/h (249 mph); in reality its performance stood at 360 km/h (224 mph). The He 111 C-0 was a commercial version and took the form of the V4 prototype design. The first machine was designated D-AHAO \"\"Dresden\"\". It was powered by the BMW VI engine and could manage a range (depending on the fuel capacity) of 1,000 km (621 mi) to 2,200 km (1,367 mi) and a maximum speed of 310 km/h (193 mph). The wing span on the C series was 22.6 m (74 ft 1¾in). The fuselage dimensions were 17.1 m (56 ft 1¾in) in the He 111 V1, but changed in the C to 17.5 m (57 ft 5 in). The Jumo 205 diesel powerplant replaced the BMW VI. Nevertheless, the maximum speed remained in the 220–240 km/h (137–149 mph) bracket. This was increased slightly when the BMW 132 engines were introduced. A general problem existed in powerplants. The He 111 was equipped with BMW VI glycol-cooled engines. The German aviation industry",
"version and took the form of the V4 prototype design. The first machine was designated D-AHAO \"\"Dresden\"\". It was powered by the BMW VI engine and could manage a range (depending on the fuel capacity) of 1,000 km (621 mi) to 2,200 km (1,367 mi) and a maximum speed of 310 km/h (193 mph). The wing span on the C series was 22.6 m (74 ft 1¾in). The fuselage dimensions were 17.1 m (56 ft 1¾in) in the He 111 V1, but changed in the C to 17.5 m (57 ft 5 in). The Jumo 205 diesel powerplant replaced the BMW VI. Nevertheless, the maximum speed remained in the 220–240 km/h (137–149 mph) bracket. This was increased slightly when the BMW 132 engines were introduced. A general problem existed in powerplants. The He 111 was equipped with BMW VI glycol-cooled engines. The German aviation industry lacked powerplants that could produce more than 600 hp. Engines of suitable quality were kept for military use, frustrating German airline Luft Hansa and forcing it to rely on the BMW VI or 132s. The He 111G was an upgraded variant and had a number of differences to its predecessors. To simplify production the leading edge of the wing was straightened, like the bomber version. Engine types used included the BMW 132, BMW VI, DB 600 and DB601A. Some C variants were upgraded with the new wing modifications. A new BMW 132H engine was also used in a so-called \"Einheitstriebwerk\" (unitary powerplant). These radial engines were used in the Junkers Ju 90 and the Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor. The wing units and engines were packed together as complete operating systems, allowing for a quick change of engine - a likely direct precursor of the wartime \"Kraftei\" aviation engine unitization concept. The He 111G was the most powerful as well as the fastest commercial version. The G-0 was given the BMW VI 6.0 ZU. Later variants had their powerplants vary. The G-3 for example was equipped with the BMW 132. The G-4 was powered by DB600G inverted-vee engines and the G-5 was given the DB601B with a top speed of 410 km/h (255 mph). By early 1937, eight G variants were in Lufthansa service. The maximum number of He 111s in Lufthansa service was 12. The He 111 operated all over Europe and flew as far away as South Africa. Commercial development ended with the He 111G. The initial reports from the test pilot, Gerhard Nitschke, were favourable. The He 111's flight performance and handling were impressive although it dropped its wing in the stall. As a result, the passenger variants had their wings reduced from 25 m (82 ft) to 23 m (75 ft). The military aircraft - V1, V3 and V5 - spanned just 22.6 m (74.1 ft). The first prototypes were underpowered, as they were equipped with 431 kW (578 hp) BMW VI 6.0 V12 in-line engines. This was eventually increased to 745 kW (999 hp) with the fitting of the DB (Daimler-Benz) 600 engines in the V5, which became the prototype of the \"B\" series. Only ten He 111 A-0 models based on the V3 were built, but they proved to be underpowered and were eventually sold to China. The type had been lengthened by 1.2 m (3.9 ft) due to the added 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine gun in the nose. Another gun position was installed on top of the fuselage, and another in a ventral position as a \"dustbin\" exposed turret, which could retract. The bomb bay was divided into two compartments and could carry 680 kg (1,500 lb) of bombs. The problem with these additions was that the weight of the aircraft reached 8,200 kg (18,080 lb). The He 111's performance was seriously reduced; in particular, the BMW VI 6.0 Z engines were not now powerful enough. The increased length also altered the 111's aerodynamic strengths and reduced its excellent handling on takeoffs and landings. The crews found the aircraft difficult to fly, and its top speed was reduced significantly. Production was shut down after the pilots reports reached the Ministry of Aviation. However, a Chinese delegation was visiting Germany and they considered the He 111 A-0 fit for their needs and purchased seven machines. The first He 111B made its maiden flight in the autumn of 1936. The first production batch rolled off the production lines that summer, at Rostock. Seven B-0 pre-production aircraft were built, bearing the \"Werknummern\" (Works numbers) 1431 to 1437. The B-0s were powered by DB 600C engines fitted with variable pitch airscrews. The screws increased output by 149 kW (200 hp). The B-0 had a MG 15 machine gun installed in the nose. The B-0 could also carry 1,500 kg (3,310 lb) in their vertical cells. The B-1 had some minor improvements, including the installation of a revolving gun-mount in the nose and a flexible Ikaria turret under the fuselage. After improvements, the RLM ordered 300 He 111 B-1s; the first were delivered in January 1937. In the B-2 variant, engines were upgraded to the supercharged 634 kW (850 hp) DB 600C, or in some cases, the 690 kW (925 hp) 600G. The B-2 began to roll off the production lines at Oranienburg in 1937. The He 111 B-3 was a modified trainer. Some 255 B-1s were ordered. However, the production orders were impossible to fulfill and only 28 B-1s were built. Owing to the production of the new He 111E, only a handful of He 111 B-3s were produced. Due to insufficient capacity, Dornier, Arado and Junkers built the He 111B series at their plants in Wismar, Brandenburg and Dessau, respectively. The B series compared favourably with the capacity of the A series. The bomb load increased to 1,500 kg (3,300 lb), while there was also an increase in maximum speed and altitude to 215 mph (344 km/h) and 22,000 ft (6,700 m). In late 1937, the D-1 series entered production. However, the DB 600Ga engine with 781 kW (1,047 hp) planned for this variant was instead allocated to Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Bf 110 production lines. Heinkel then opted to use Junkers Jumo engines, and the He 111 V6 was tested with Jumo 210 G engines, but was judged underpowered. However, the improved 745 kW (999 hp) Jumo 211 A-1 powerplant prompted the cancellation of the D series altogether and concentration on the design of the E series. The pre-production E-0 series were built in small numbers. Fitted with Jumo 211 A-1 engines loaded with retractable radiators and exhaust systems. The variant could carry 1,700 kg (3,748 lb) of bombs, giving it a takeoff weight of 10,300 kg (22,707 lbs). The development team for the Jumo 211 A-1 engines managed to increase engine power to , subsequently the He 111 E-1s bomb load capacity increased to 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) and a top speed of 242 mph (390 km/h). The E-1 variant with Jumo 211A-1 engines was developed in 1937, the He 111 V6 being the first production variant. The E-1 had its original powerplant, the DB 600 replaced with the Jumo 210 Ga engines. The more powerful Jumo 211 A-1 engines desired by the Ministry of Aviation were not yet ready for installation. Another trial aircraft, He 111 V10 (D-ALEQ) was to be fitted with two oil coolers necessary for the Jumo 211 A-1 installation. The E-1s came off the production line in February 1938, in time for a number of these aircraft to serve in the Condor Legion during the Spanish Civil War in March 1938. The RLM thought that because the E variant could outrun enemy fighters in Spain, there was no need to upgrade the defensive weaponry, which would prove to be a mistake in later years. The fuselage bomb bay used four bomb racks, in later versions eight modular standard bomb racks designed to carry one SC 250 kg (550 lb) bomb or four SC 50 kg (110 lb) bombs each in nose up orientation. These modular standard bomb racks were a common feature on the first generation of Luftwaffe bombers, but it turned out that they limited the ordnance selection to bombs of only two sizes. These racks were abandoned in later designs. The E-2 series was not produced, and was dropped in favour of producing the E-3 with only a few modifications, such as external bomb racks. Its design features were distinguished by improved FuG radio systems. The E-3 series was",
"enemy fighters in Spain, there was no need to upgrade the defensive weaponry, which would prove to be a mistake in later years. The fuselage bomb bay used four bomb racks, in later versions eight modular standard bomb racks designed to carry one SC 250 kg (550 lb) bomb or four SC 50 kg (110 lb) bombs each in nose up orientation. These modular standard bomb racks were a common feature on the first generation of Luftwaffe bombers, but it turned out that they limited the ordnance selection to bombs of only two sizes. These racks were abandoned in later designs. The E-2 series was not produced, and was dropped in favour of producing the E-3 with only a few modifications, such as external bomb racks. Its design features were distinguished by improved FuG radio systems. The E-3 series was equipped with the Jumo 211 A-3 for the duration of the series which packed . The E-4 variant was fitted with external bomb racks also and the empty bomb bay space was filled with an 835 L (221 US gal) tank for aviation fuel and a further 115 L (30 US gal) oil tank. This increased the loaded weight but increased range to 1,800 km (1,130 mi). The modifications allowed the He 111 to perform both long- and short-range missions. The E-4's eight internal vertically aligned bomb racks could each carry a 250 kg (550 lb) bomb. The last E Variant, the He 111 E-5, was powered by the Jumo 211 A-3, and retained the 835 L (221 US gal) fuel tank on the port side of the bomb bay. Only a few of the E-4 and E-5 were built. The RLM had acquired an interest in rocket boosters fitted for the sake of simplicity below the wings of a heavily loaded bomber to cut down the length of runway needed for takeoff. Once in the air the booster canisters would be jettisoned by parachute for reuse. The firm of Hellmuth Walter, at Kiel, handled this development. The first standing trials and tests flights of the Walter HWK 109-500 \"Starthilfe\" liquid-fueled boosters were held in 1937 at Neuhardenberg with test pilot Erich Warsitz at the controls of Heinkel He 111E bearing civil registration D-AMUE. The He 111 design quickly ran through a series of minor design revisions. One of the more obvious changes started with the He 111F models, which moved from the elliptical wing to one with straight leading and trailing edges, which could be manufactured more efficiently. The dimensions of the new design had a wing span of 22.6m (74 ft 1¾in) and an area of 87.60m² (942.90 ft). Heinkel's industrial capacity was limited and production was delayed. Nevertheless, 24 machines of the F-1 series were exported to Turkey. Another 20 of the F-2 variant were built. The Turkish interest, prompted by the fact the tests of the next prototype, He 111 V8, was some way off, prompted the Ministry of Aviation to order 40 F-4s with Jumo 211 A-3 engines. These machines were built and entered service in early 1938. This fleet was used as a transport group during the Demyansk Pocket and Battle of Stalingrad. At this time, development began on the He 111J. It was powered by the DB 600 and was intended as a torpedo bomber. As a result, it lacked an internal bomb bay and carried two external torpedo racks. The Ministry of Aviation gave an order for the bomb bay to be retrofitted; this variant became known as the J-1. In all but the powerplant, it was identical to the F-4. The final variant of the F series was the F-5, with bombsight and powerplants identical to the E-5. The F-5 was rejected as a production variant owing to the superior performance of the He 111 P-1. The He 111's low-level performance attracted the interest of the \"Kriegsmarine\". The result was the He 111J, capable of carrying torpedoes and mines. However, the navy eventually dropped the program as they deemed the four-man crew too extravagant. The RLM continued production of the He 111 J-0. Some 90 (other sources claim 60) were built in 1938 and were then sent to \"Küstenfliegergruppe 806\" (Coastal Flying Group). Powered by the DB 600G engines, it could carry a 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) payload. Only a few of the pre-production J-0s were fitted with the powerplant, the DB 600 was used, performance deteriorated and the torpedo bomber was not pursued. The J variants were used in training schools until 1944. Some J-1s were used as test beds for radio-guided air-to-ground torpedo missiles. The He 111P incorporated the updated Daimler-Benz DB 601A-1 liquid-cooled engine and featured a newly designed nose section, including an asymmetric mounting for an MG 15 machine gun that replaced the 'stepped' cockpit with a roomier and more aerodynamic glazed \"stepless cockpit\" over the entire front of the aircraft. This smooth glazed nose was first tested on the He 111 V8 in January 1938. These improvements allowed the aircraft to reach 475 km/h (295 mph) at 5,000 m (16,400 ft) and a cruise speed of 370 km/h (230 mph), although a full bomb load reduced this figure to 300 km/h (190 mph). The design was implemented in 1937 because pilot reports indicated problems with visibility. The pilot's seat could actually be elevated, with the pilot's eyes above the level of the upper glazing, complete with a small pivoted windscreen panel, to get the pilot's head above the level of the top of the \"glass tunnel\" for a better forward view for takeoffs and landings. The rear-facing dorsal gun position, enclosed with a sliding, near-clear view canopy, and for the first time, the ventral \"Bodenlafette\" rear-facing gun position, immediately aft of the bomb bay, that replaced the draggy \"dustbin\" retractable emplacement became standard, having been first flown on the He 111 V23, bearing civil registration D-ACBH. One of Heinkel's rivals, Junkers, built 40 He 111Ps at Dessau. In October 1938, the Junkers Central Administration commented:Apparent are the externally poor, less carefully designed components at various locations, especially at the junction between the empennage and the rear fuselage. All parts have an impression of being very weak... The visible flexing in the wing must also be very high. The left and right powerplants are interchangeable. Each motor has an exhaust-gas heater on one side, but it is not connected to the fuselage since it is probable that ... the warm air in the fuselage is not free of carbon monoxide (CO). The fuselage is not subdivided into individual segments, but is attached over its entire length, after completion, to the wing centre section. Outboard of the powerplants, the wings are attached by universal joints. The latter can in no way be satisfactory and have been the cause of several failures. The new design was powered by the DB 601 Ba engine with 1,175 PS The first production aircraft reached Luftwaffe units in Fall 1938. In May 1939, the P-1 and P-2 went into service with improved radio equipment. The P-1 variant was produced with two DB 601Aa powerplants of . It had self-sealing fuel tanks. The P-1 featured a semi-retractable tail wheel to decrease drag. Armament consisted of a MG 15 in the nose, and a sliding hood for the fuselage's dorsal B-Stand position. Installation of upgraded FuG III radio communication devices were also made and a new ESAC-250/III vertical bomb magazine was added. The overall takeoff weight was now 13,300 kg (29,321 lb). The P-2, like the later P-4, was given stronger armour and two MG 15 machine guns in \"waist\" mounts on either side of the fuselage and two external bomb racks. Radio communications consisted of FuG IIIaU radios and the DB601 A-1 replaced the 601Aa powerplants. The Lotfernrohr 7 bombsights, which became the standard bombsight for German bombers, were also fitted to the P-2. The P-2 was also given \"field equipment sets\" to upgrade the weak defensive armament to four or five MG 15 machine guns. The P-2 had its bomb capacity raised to 4 ESA-250/IX vertical magazines. The P-2 thus had an empty weight of 6,202 kg (13,272 lb), a loaded weight increased to 12,570 kg (27,712 lb) and a maximum range of 2,100 km (1,305 mi). The P-3 was",
"added. The overall takeoff weight was now 13,300 kg (29,321 lb). The P-2, like the later P-4, was given stronger armour and two MG 15 machine guns in \"waist\" mounts on either side of the fuselage and two external bomb racks. Radio communications consisted of FuG IIIaU radios and the DB601 A-1 replaced the 601Aa powerplants. The Lotfernrohr 7 bombsights, which became the standard bombsight for German bombers, were also fitted to the P-2. The P-2 was also given \"field equipment sets\" to upgrade the weak defensive armament to four or five MG 15 machine guns. The P-2 had its bomb capacity raised to 4 ESA-250/IX vertical magazines. The P-2 thus had an empty weight of 6,202 kg (13,272 lb), a loaded weight increased to 12,570 kg (27,712 lb) and a maximum range of 2,100 km (1,305 mi). The P-3 was powered with the same DB601A-1 engines. The aircraft was also designed to take off with a land catapult (KL-12). A towing hook was added to the fuselage under the cockpit for the cable. Just eight examples were produced, all without bomb equipment. The P-4 contained many changes from the P-2 and P-3. The jettisonable loads were capable of considerable variation. Two external SC 1800 kg (3,960 lb) bombs, two LMA air-dropped anti-shipping mines, one SC 1,800 kg plus four SC 250 kg; or one SC 2,500 kg external bomb could be carried on an ETC \"Rüstsatz\" rack. Depending on the load variation, an 835 L fuel and 120 L oil tank could be added in place of the internal bomb bay. The armament consisted of three defensive MG 15 machine guns. later supplemented by a further three MG 15s and one MG 17 machine gun. The radio communications were standard FuG X(10), Peil G V direction finding and FuBI radio devices. Due to the increase in defensive firepower, the crew numbers increased from four to five. The empty weight of the P-4 increased to 6,775 kg (14,936 lb), and the full takeoff weight increased to 13,500 kg (29,762 lb) owing to the mentioned alterations. The P-5 was powered by the DB601A. The variant was mostly used as a trainer and at least twenty-four production variants were produced before production ceased. The P-5 was fitted with meteorological equipment, and was used in Luftwaffe weather units. Many of the He 111 Ps served during the Polish Campaign. With the Junkers Ju 88 experiencing technical difficulties, the He 111 and the Do 17 formed the backbone of the \"Kampfwaffe\". On 1 September 1939, Luftwaffe records indicate the Heinkel strength at 705 (along with 533 Dorniers). The P-6 variant was the last production model of the He 111 P series. In 1940, the Ministry of Aviation abandoned further production of the P series in favour of the H versions, mostly because the P-series' Daimler-Benz engines were needed for Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Bf 110 fighter production. The remaining P-6s were redesignated P-6/R2s and used as heavy glider tugs. The most notable difference with previous variants was the upgraded DB 601N powerplants. The P-7 variant's history is unclear. The P-8 was said to have been similar to the H-5 fitted with dual controls. The P-9 was produced as an export variant for the Hungarian Air Force. Due to the lack of DB 601E engines, the series was terminated in summer 1940. The H variant of the He 111 series was more widely produced and saw more action during World War II than any other Heinkel variant. Owing to the uncertainty surrounding the delivery and availability of the DB 601 engines, Heinkel switched to 820 kW (1,100 hp) Junkers Jumo 211 powerplants, whose somewhat greater size and weight were regarded as unimportant considerations in a twin-engine design. When the Jumo was fitted to the P model it became the He 111 H. The He 111 H-1 was fitted with a standard set of three 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine guns and eight SC 250 250 kg (550 lb) or 32 SC 50 50 kg (110 lb) bombs. The same armament was used in the H-2 which started production in August 1939. The P-series was gradually replaced on the eve of war with the new the H-2, powered by improved Jumo 211 A-3 engines of 820 kW (1,100 hp). A count on 2 September 1939 revealed that the Luftwaffe had a total of 787 He 111s in service, with 705 combat ready, including 400 H-1 and H-2s that had been produced in a mere four months. Production of the H-3, powered by the 895 kW (1,200 hp) Jumo 211 D-1, began in October 1939. Experiences during the Polish Campaign led to an increase in defensive armament. MG 15s were fitted whenever possible and the number of machine guns was sometimes increased to seven. The two waist positions received an additional MG 15, and on some variants a belt-fed MG 17 was even installed in the tail. A MG FF cannon could sometimes be installed in the nose or forward gondola. After the Battle of Britain, smaller scale production of the H-4s began. The H-4 was virtually identical to the He 111 P-4 with the DB 600s swapped for the Jumo 211D-1s. Some also used the Jumo 211H-1. This variant also differed from the H-3 in that it could either carry 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) of bombs internally or mount one or two external racks to carry one 1,800 kg (3,970 lb) or two 1,000 kg (2,210 lb) bombs. As these external racks blocked the internal bomb bay doors, a combination of internal and external storage was not possible. A PVR 1006L bomb rack was fitted externally and an 835 L (221 US gal) tank added to the interior spaces left vacant by the removal of the internal bomb-bay. The PVR 1006L was capable of carrying a SC 1000 1,000 kg (2,210 lb) bomb. Some H-4s had their PVC racks modified to drop torpedoes. Later modifications enabled the PVC 1006 to carry a 2,500 kg (5,510 lb) \"Max\" bomb. However 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) \"Hermann\" or 1,800 kg (3,970 lb) \"Satans\" were used more widely. The H-5 series followed in February 1941, with heavier defensive armament. Like the H-4, it retained a PVC 1006 L bomb rack to enable it to carry heavy bombs under the fuselage. The first ten He 111 H-5s were pathfinders, and selected for special missions. The aircraft sometimes carried 25 kg flashlight bombs which acted as flares. The H-5 could also carry heavy fire bombs, either heavy containers or smaller incendiary devices attached to parachutes. The H-5 also carried LM A and LM B aerial mines for anti-shipping operations. After the 80th production aircraft, the PVC 1006 L bomb rack was removed and replaced with a heavy-duty ETC 2000 rack, enabling the H-5 to carry the SC 2500 \"Max\" bomb, on the external ETC 2000 rack, which enabled it to support the bomb. Some H-3 and H-4s were equipped with barrage balloon cable-cutting equipment in the shape of cutter installations forward of the engines and cockpit. They were designated H-8, but later named H8/R2. These aircraft were difficult to fly and production stopped. The H-6 initiated some overall improvements in design. The Jumo 211 F-1 engine of 1,007 kW (1,350 hp) increased its speed while the defensive armament was upgraded at the factory with one 20 mm MG FF cannon in the nose and/or gondola positions (optional), two MG 15 in the ventral gondola, and one each of the fuselage side windows. Some H-6 variants carried tail-mounted MG 17 defensive armament. The performance of the H-6 was much improved. The climb rate was higher and the machine could reach a slightly higher ceiling of 8,500 m (27,200 ft). When heavy bomb loads were added, this ceiling was reduced to 6,500 m (20,800 ft). The weight of the H-6 increased to 14,000 kg (30,600 lb). Some H-6s received Jumo 211F-2s which improved a low-level speed of 226 mph (365 km/h). At an altitude of 6,000 m (19,200 ft) the maximum speed was 270 mph (435 km/h). If heavy external loads were added, the speed was reduced by 21.75 mph (35 km/h). Other designs of the mid-H series included the He 111 H-7 and H-8. The airframes were to be rebuilds of the H-3/H-5 variant. Both were designed as night bombers and were to have two Jumo 211F-1s installed. The intention was for the H-8 to be fitted with cable-cutting equipment and barrage",
"much improved. The climb rate was higher and the machine could reach a slightly higher ceiling of 8,500 m (27,200 ft). When heavy bomb loads were added, this ceiling was reduced to 6,500 m (20,800 ft). The weight of the H-6 increased to 14,000 kg (30,600 lb). Some H-6s received Jumo 211F-2s which improved a low-level speed of 226 mph (365 km/h). At an altitude of 6,000 m (19,200 ft) the maximum speed was 270 mph (435 km/h). If heavy external loads were added, the speed was reduced by 21.75 mph (35 km/h). Other designs of the mid-H series included the He 111 H-7 and H-8. The airframes were to be rebuilds of the H-3/H-5 variant. Both were designed as night bombers and were to have two Jumo 211F-1s installed. The intention was for the H-8 to be fitted with cable-cutting equipment and barrage ballon deflectors on the leading edge of the wings. The H-7 was never built. The H-9 was intended as a trainer with dual control columns. The airframe was a H-1 variant rebuild. The powerplants consisted of two JumoA-1s or D-1s. The H-10 was also designated to trainer duties. Rebuilt from an H-2 or H-3 airframe, it was installed with full defensive armament including 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 and 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 81Z machine guns. It was to be powered by two Jumo 211A-1s, D-1s or F-2s. In the summer of 1942, the H-11, based on the H-3 was introduced. With the H-11, the Luftwaffe had at its disposal a powerful medium bomber with heavier armour and revised defensive armament. The drum-fed 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 was replaced with a belt-fed 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131 in the now fully enclosed dorsal position (\"B-Stand\"); the gunner in the latter was now protected with armoured glass. The single MG 15 in the ventral \"C-Stand\" or \"Bola\" was also replaced, with a belt-fed 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 81Z with much higher rate of fire. The beam positions originally retained the single MG 15s, but the H-11/R1 replaced these with twin MG 81Z as well; this latter arrangement was standardized in November 1942. The port internal ESAC bomb racks could be removed, and an 835 L (221 US gal) fuel tanks installed in its place. Many H-11s were equipped with a new PVC rack under the fuselage, which carried five 250 kg (550 lb) bombs. Additional armour plating was fitted around crew spaces, some of it on the lower fuselage and could be jettisoned in an emergency. Engines were two 1,000 kW (1,340 hp) Junkers Jumo 211F-2, allowing this variant to carry a 2,000 kg (4,410 lb) payload to a range of 2,340 km (1,450 mi). Heinkel built 230 new aircraft of this type and converted 100 H-3s to H-11s by the summer of 1943. The third mass production model of the He 111H was the H-16, entering production in late 1942. Armament was as on the H-11, with some differences. The 20 mm MG FF cannon was deleted, as the H-16s were seldom employed on low-level missions, was replaced with a single MG 131 in a flexible installation in the nose (\"A-Stand\"). On some aircraft, designated He 111 H-16/R1, the dorsal position was replaced by a \"Drehlafette\" DL 131 electrically powered turret, armed with a single MG 131. The two beam and the aft ventral positions were provided with MG 81Zs, as on the H-11. The two 1,000 kW (1,340 hp) Jumo 211 F-2 provided a maximum speed of 434 km/h (270 mph) at 6,000 m (19,690 ft); cruising speed was 390 km/h (242 mph), service ceiling was 8,500 m (27,900 ft).\"Funkgerät (FuG)\" radio equipment. FuG 10P, FuG 16, FuBl Z and APZ 6 were fitted for communication and navigation at night, while some aircraft received the FuG 101a radio altimeter. The H-16 retained its eight ESAC internal bomb cells; four bomb cells, as on previous versions could be replaced by a fuel tank to increase range. ETC 2000 racks could be installed over the bomb cell openings for external weapons carriage. Empty weight was 6,900 kg (15,210 lb) and the aircraft weighed 14,000 kg (30,860 lb) fully loaded for take off. German factories built 1,155 H-16s between the end of 1942 and the end of 1943; in addition, 280 H-6s and 35 H-11s were updated to H-16 standard. An undetermined number of H variants were fitted with the FuG 200 \"Hohentwiel\". The radar was adapted as an anti-shipping detector for day or night operations. The last major production variant was the H-20, which entered into production in early 1944. It was planned to use two 1,305 kW (1,750 hp) Junkers Jumo 213E-1 engines, turning three-blade, Junkers VS 11 wooden-bladed variable-pitch propellers. It would appear this plan was never developed fully. Though the later H-22 was given the E-1, the F-2 remained the H-20s main power plant. Heinkel and its licensees built 550 H-20s through the summer of 1944, while 586 H-6s were upgraded to H-20 standard. In contrast to the H-11 and H-16 the H-20, equipped with two Jumo 211F-2s, had more powerful armament and radio communications. The defensive armament consisted of one MG 131 in an A-Stand gun pod for the forward mounted machine gun position. One rotatable \"Drehlafette\" DL 131/1C (or E) gun mount in the B-stand was standard and later MG 131 machine guns were added. Navigational direction-finding gear was also installed. The Peil G6 was added to locate targets and the FuBI 2H blind landing equipment was built in to help with night operations. The radio was a standard FuG 10, TZG 10 and FuG 16Z for navigating to the target. The H-20 also was equipped with barrage balloon cable-cutters. The bomb load of the H-20 could be mounted on external ETC 1000 racks, or four ESAC 250 racks. The sub variant H-20/R4 could carry 20 50 kg (110 lb) bombs as external loads. The He 111Z \"Zwilling\" () was a design that entailed the mating of two He 111s. The design was originally conceived to tow the Messerschmitt Me 321 glider. Initially, four He 111 H-6s were modified. This resulted in an aircraft with twin fuselages and five engines. They were tested at Rechlin in 1941, and the pilots rated them highly. A batch of 10 were produced and five were built from existing H-6s. The machines were joined by a center wing formed by two sections 6.15 m (20 ft) in length. The powerplants were five Junkers Jumo 211F engines producing 1,000 kW (1,340 hp) each. The total fuel capacity was 8,570 L (2,260 US gal). This was increased by adding of four 600 L (160 US gal) drop tanks. The He111Z could tow a Gotha Go 242 glider or Me 321 for up to 10 hours at cruising speed. It could also remain airborne if the three central powerplants failed. The He 111 Z-2 and Z-3 were also planned as heavy bombers carrying 1,800 kg (3,970 lb) of bombs and having a range of 4,000 km (2,500 mi). The ETC installations allowed for a further four 600 L (160 US gal) drop tanks to be installed. The He 111 Z-2 could carry four Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship missiles, which were guided by the FuG 203b Kehl III missile control system. With this load, the He 111Z had a range of 1,094 km (680 mi) and a speed of 314 km/h (195 mph). The maximum bombload was 7,200 kg (15,870 lb). To increase power, the five Jumo 211F-2 engines were slated to be fitted with Hirth TK 11 superchargers. Onboard armament was the same as the He 111H-6, with the addition of one 20 mm MG 151/20 in a rotating gun-mount on the center section. The layout of the He 111Z had the pilot and his controls in the port fuselage only. The controls themselves and essential equipment were all that remained in the starboard section. The aircraft had a crew of seven; a pilot, first mechanic, radio operator and gunner in the port fuselage, and the observer, second mechanic and gunner in the starboard fuselage. The Z-3 was to be a reconnaissance version and would have had additional fuel tanks, increasing its range to 6,000 km (3,730 mi). Production was due to take place in 1944, just as bomber production was being abandoned. The long-range variants failed to come to fruition. The He 111Z was to have been used in an invasion of Malta in 1942 and as part of an airborne assault on the Soviet cities of Astrakhan and Baku in the Caucasus in",
"The layout of the He 111Z had the pilot and his controls in the port fuselage only. The controls themselves and essential equipment were all that remained in the starboard section. The aircraft had a crew of seven; a pilot, first mechanic, radio operator and gunner in the port fuselage, and the observer, second mechanic and gunner in the starboard fuselage. The Z-3 was to be a reconnaissance version and would have had additional fuel tanks, increasing its range to 6,000 km (3,730 mi). Production was due to take place in 1944, just as bomber production was being abandoned. The long-range variants failed to come to fruition. The He 111Z was to have been used in an invasion of Malta in 1942 and as part of an airborne assault on the Soviet cities of Astrakhan and Baku in the Caucasus in the same year. During the Battle of Stalingrad their use was cancelled due to insufficient airfield capacity. Later in 1943, He111Zs helped evacuate German equipment and personnel from the Caucasus region, and during the Allied invasion of Sicily, attempted to deliver reinforcements to the island. During operations, the He 111Z did not have enough power to lift a fully loaded Me 321. Some He 111s were supplemented by rocket pods for extra takeoff thrust, but this was not a fleet-wide action. Two rockets were mounted beneath each fuselage and one underneath each wing. This added 500 kg (1,100 lb) in weight. The pods were then released by parachute after takeoff. The He 111Z's operational history was minimal. One machine was caught by RAF fighter aircraft over France on 14 March 1944. The He 111Z was towing a Gotha Go 242, and was shot down. Eight were shot down or destroyed on the ground in 1944. To meet demand for numbers, Heinkel constructed a factory at Oranienburg. On 4 May 1936, construction began, and exactly one year later the first He 111 rolled off the production line. The Ministry of Aviation Luftwaffe administration office suggested that Ernst Heinkel lend his name to the factory. The \"Ernst Heinkel GmbH\" was established with a share capital of 5,000,000 \"Reichsmarks\" (RM). Heinkel was given a 150,000 RM share. The factory itself was built by, and belonged to, the German state. From this production plant, 452 He 111s and 69 Junkers Ju 88s were built in the first year of the war. German production for the Luftwaffe amounted to 808 He 111s by September 1939. According to Heinkel's memoirs, a further 452 were built in 1939, giving a total of 1,260. But \"1940s production suffered extreme losses during the Battle of Britain, with 756 bombers lost\". Meanwhile, the He 111's rival - the Ju 88 - had increased production to 1,816 aircraft, some 26 times the number from the previous year. Losses were also considerable the previous year over the Balkans and Eastern Fronts. To compensate, He 111 production was increased to 950 in 1941. In 1942, this increased further to 1,337 He 111s. The Ju 88 production figures were even higher still, exceeding 3,000 in 1942, of which 2,270 were bomber variants. In 1943, He 111 increased to 1,405 aircraft. But the Ju 88 still outnumbered it in production terms as its figures reached 2,160 for 1943. The Allied bomber offensives in 1944 and in particular Big Week failed to stop or damage production at Heinkel. Up until the last quarter of 1944, 756 Heinkel He 111s had been built, while Junkers produced 3,013 Ju 88s, of which 600 were bomber versions. During 1939-1944, a total of 5,656 Heinkel He 111s were built compared to 9,122 Ju 88s. As the Luftwaffe was now on the strategic defensive, bomber production and that of the He 111 was suspended. Production in September 1944, the last production month for the He 111, included 118 bombers. Of these 21 Junkers Ju 87s, 74 Junkers Ju 188s, 3 Junkers Ju 388s and 18 Arado Ar 234s were built. Of the Heinkel variants, zero Heinkel He 177s were produced and just two Heinkel He 111s were built. In 1937, 24 He 111 F-1s were bought by the Turkish Air Force. The Turks also ordered four He 111 G-5s. China also ordered 12 He 111 A-0s, but at a cost 400,000 \"Reichsmark\" (RM). The aircraft were crated up and transported by sea. At the end of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Air Force acquired 59 He 111 \"survivors\" and a further six He 111s in 1941-1943. Bulgaria was given one He 111 H-6, Romania received 10 E-3s, 32 H-3s and 10 H-6s. Two H-10s and three H-16s were given to Slovakia, Hungary was given 3 He 111Bs and 12-13 He 111s by 6 May 1941. A further 80 P-1s were ordered, but only 13 arrived. Towards the end of 1944, 12 He 111Hs were delivered. The Japanese were due to receive 44 He 111Fs, but in 1938 the agreement was cancelled. The Heinkel He 111 served on all the German military fronts in the European Theatre of World War II. Beginning the war as a medium bomber it supported the German campaigns in the field until 1943 when, owing to Western Allied and Soviet air superiority, it reverted to a transport aircraft role. German-built He 111s remained in service in Spain after the end of the Second World War, being supplemented by Spanish licence-built CASA 2.111s from 1950. The last two German-built aircraft remained in service until at least 1958. Only four original German-built He 111 survive today, on display or stored in museums around the world (not including major sections): Heinkel He 111 The Heinkel He 111 was"
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"Tiffin Township, Adams County, Ohio Tiffin Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,560. Located in the center of the county, it borders the following townships: Most of the village of West Union, the county seat of Adams County, is located in southwestern Tiffin Township. Tiffin Township was organized in 1806. It is named for Edward Tiffin, first Governor of Ohio. Statewide, the only other Tiffin Township is located in Defiance County. The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees. Tiffin Township, Adams County, Ohio Tiffin Township is one of the fifteen townships of Adams"
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"Asia-Japan Women's Resource Center Asia-Japan Women's Resource Center (AJWRC) is a non-governmental organisation founded in 1994 that advocates gender equality, the end of violence against women, a more just society, and environmentally sustainable development. AJWRC holds events like empowerment seminars and study groups for women, training and workshops, and they also publish research and conduct outreach campaigns in furtherance of their mission. The activities serve to raise awareness among Japanese women of global as well as domestic issues. Because Japan is a leading nation in the Asian economy and international politics, the organisation feels an obligation to encourage Japanese women to take a leading role in advocacy for improved human rights. Additionally, Japan is the destination for the largest number of cross-border human trafficking victims in Asia, which AJWRC takes as further impetus for their mission. Disparity between genders has been shrinking in most developed countries over the last century, but AJWRC holds that Japan has lagged behind the trend. As examples, women represent a mere 10% of the National Diet, Japan's legislative body, and women earn just 60% of the salary of their male counterparts in the workforce. AJWRC grew out of the Asian Women's Association, which was founded in 1977, when gender inequality was even more severe. It wasn't until 1985 that the Japanese government ratified a Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, and the country received failing marks as late as 1986 in Humana's \"World Human Rights Guide\" regarding the status of women, and is one of the industrialized world's least equal countries in terms of gender gap. The AWA initially focused on protesting the sex trade, but as their influence grew, they expanded their mandate to tackle women's issues more broadly in the country, eventually forming AJWRC as it is today. According to the group's website, they work \"to end all forms of violence and discrimination against women, toward democratic Japanese society based on respect for human rights and gender equality, and toward a fair and sustainable global society.\" Asia-Japan Women's Resource Center Asia-Japan Women's Resource Center (AJWRC) is a non-governmental organisation founded in 1994 that advocates gender equality, the end of violence against women, a more just society, and environmentally sustainable development. AJWRC holds events like empowerment seminars and study groups for women, training and workshops, and they also publish research and conduct outreach campaigns in furtherance of their mission."
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"Johnny the Fox Johnny the Fox is the seventh studio album by Irish band Thin Lizzy, released in 1976. This album was written and recorded while bassist/vocalist Phil Lynott was recovering from a bout of hepatitis that put him off the road halfway through the previous \"Jailbreak\" tour. \"Don't Believe a Word\" was a British hit single. \"Johnny the Fox\" was the last Thin Lizzy studio album on which guitarist Brian Robertson featured as a full member of the band, as the personality clashes between him and Lynott resulted in Robertson being sacked, reinstated, and later sacked again. Once Lynott had returned to the UK from the aborted US tour in June 1976, when they had been scheduled to support Rainbow, he spent time in hospital in Manchester recovering from hepatitis. He had an acoustic guitar with him and wrote the songs for \"Johnny the Fox\" during June and July, with one outing to play a gig at Hammersmith Odeon on 11 July. After his release from hospital, Lynott joined the other members of the band and travelled to Munich, Germany in August to record the album at Musicland Studios with producer John Alcock. Alcock has said that the decision to record outside the UK was for tax reasons. Early in the recording process, it became clear that neither the band nor the production team were happy with the studios or the recording process, and they experienced particular trouble obtaining a satisfactory drum sound. Lynott was still finishing the songwriting and, according to Alcock, the band were arguing about musical direction. On 6 August, they abandoned the sessions and returned to Ramport Studios in Battersea (where the previous \"Jailbreak\" album had been recorded), and Olympic Studios in Barnes, London. Brian Robertson has said that there was plenty of material from which to choose for the album, up to eight or nine tracks apart from the ten that appeared on the final album. However, Alcock claims that the album suffered because Lynott needed more time to finish the songs, and that some tracks, like \"Boogie Woogie Dance\", were not strong enough to make the album. Lynott and Robertson also clashed over musical differences, such as the composition of \"Don't Believe a Word\". When Lynott first played the song in a slow 12-bar blues format, Robertson claimed it was \"shite\", and Lynott reacted badly, disappearing for a few days. Robertson then felt that he may have been a little harsh, and he and drummer Brian Downey decided to rework the song. Downey devised a faster shuffle rhythm, and Robertson wrote the riff, and Lynott was pleased with the outcome when he returned to the studio. Robertson was annoyed when the song was credited solely to Lynott, as he felt that all three members involved should have been credited. The original bluesy arrangement was subsequently recorded by Lynott and Gary Moore on Moore's \"Back on the Streets\" in 1978, and later appeared on Thin Lizzy's 1983 double live album \"Life\". Robertson also co-wrote \"Borderline\" with Lynott, for which he did receive a writing credit. He later revealed that the song was about a girlfriend: \"I was really in love, [but] she hated me. I was extremely down when I wrote it.\" Alcock confirmed that Robertson had significant lyrical input on this track, and that the band's other guitarist Scott Gorham had similar influence on the lyrics for \"Sweet Marie\". According to Robertson, Lynott wrote \"Rocky\" with him in mind. John Alcock has stated that \"Massacre\" was written in the studio. Its lyrics came after Lynott was visited in hospital by a Protestant clergyman, and Catholic Lynott grew uptight and defensive. Later he regretted his reaction, and wrote the lyric condemning religious prejudice. \"Fools Gold\" was inspired by the Irish Potato Famine of 1845–52. The lyric imagines Irish people travelling to America to escape the famine and start a new life. The album included two tracks with the name \"Johnny\" in their titles as well as the album title itself, a character by that name having already appeared in earlier songs such as \"Showdown\" and \"The Boys Are Back in Town\". Gorham noted the name's proliferation: \"Phil should've been this guy's publicity agent, as he was cropping up everywhere!\" \"'Johnny the Fox meets Jimmy the Weed' was really the only song that Lizzy did in a funk style…\" noted Scott Gorham. \"Phil Lynott was a huge fan of The O'Jays and their song 'For the Love of Money'. At every soundcheck, he'd be playing that funky riff… Once we'd found that riff, we just went for it. The whole thing really took off when Brian Downey sat down and put his personal funk take on it with the drums… And these characters – Johnny the Fox and Jimmy the Weed – they were real people. They were from the Manchester area, where Phil's mom had her hotel… They were part of a gang of cultured thieves… They weren't drug dealers, like it says in the lyrics for the song… But they were pretty heavy guys, yet they were real funny, so you couldn't help but like them.\" Phil Collins of Genesis was brought in to contribute some percussion to one or more tracks, seemingly because he was a friend of Lynott's. Robertson later said, \"Collins was just a mate of Phil's... I think Phil probably just wanted to get him on the album to name-drop.\" Neither Robertson nor Downey were able to remember which songs Collins played on. Irish musician Fiachra Trench provided string arrangements, for example on \"Sweet Marie\", on which he used one bank of violins and two viola sections. Trench also contributed a brass arrangement to \"Johnny\", while Kim Beacon of String Driven Thing sang backing vocals. Again, none of the band members could recall which song(s) Beacon appeared on. Robertson claimed that Beacon was only used because Frankie Miller was unavailable. Thin Lizzy used their usual cover artist, Jim Fitzpatrick, to design the sleeve for \"Johnny the Fox\", but he was asked to provide the finished design before the album was given a title. When Lynott asked him for something Celtic, but not the usual kind of Celtic rock design, Fitzpatrick drew a complicated neo-gothic Celtic border with a disc in the centre, left blank for the title and central design. When the deadline was approaching and he grew desperate to finish it, he asked Lynott for any idea of a title to inspire him. Lynott replied, \"Ah, call it \"Johnny the Fox\", that'll do.\" Fitzpatrick reminded him that there was no track with that title on the album, and Lynott replied, \"No-one will notice, Jim. The album will be massive.\" Fitzpatrick subsequently drew the fox design and added the title. An idea of a cut-out with the fox's head showing through was rejected by the record company. An earlier Fitzpatrick design had the same border with the figure of a warrior in the centre, but both Lynott and Fitzpatrick felt that the fox represented a sort of \"outsider\" character, much like the panther on the cover of Thin Lizzy's 1974 album, \"Nightlife\". \"Johnny the Fox\" was released on 16 October 1976, and reached No.11 in the UK charts. The single \"Don't Believe a Word\" reached No.12 in the UK and No.2 in Ireland. Thin Lizzy toured the UK during October and November, supported by American band Clover, led by Huey Lewis. The tour was successful enough that an extra date was added at the Hammersmith Odeon in November. There was also a successful appearance on Rod Stewart's BBC TV show in the UK, where Thin Lizzy upstaged their host by playing live, whereas Stewart mimed. The tour was scheduled to continue in the US in late November, but this was cancelled after Robertson suffered a hand injury in a fight at the Speakeasy Club in London. Robertson's friend Frankie Miller was about to be attacked with a glass bottle by the Gonzalez guitarist Gordon Hunte, and Robertson tried to intervene. The bottle cut his hand, badly damaging an artery and a nerve, preventing him from playing guitar effectively for several months. The tour was postponed until January 1977, when Thin Lizzy began a three-month US tour",
"Lewis. The tour was successful enough that an extra date was added at the Hammersmith Odeon in November. There was also a successful appearance on Rod Stewart's BBC TV show in the UK, where Thin Lizzy upstaged their host by playing live, whereas Stewart mimed. The tour was scheduled to continue in the US in late November, but this was cancelled after Robertson suffered a hand injury in a fight at the Speakeasy Club in London. Robertson's friend Frankie Miller was about to be attacked with a glass bottle by the Gonzalez guitarist Gordon Hunte, and Robertson tried to intervene. The bottle cut his hand, badly damaging an artery and a nerve, preventing him from playing guitar effectively for several months. The tour was postponed until January 1977, when Thin Lizzy began a three-month US tour opening for Queen with Gary Moore standing in for Robertson. In a contemporary review for \"Melody Maker\", Harry Doherty praised the album and comparing it to \"Jailbreak\" wrote that there is \"more subtlety, the melodies are stronger, and, most importantly, the scope of the material is much wider than the hard rock associated with Lizzy\", showing a band more versatile than on the previous recording. On the contrary, Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic stated that \"Johnny the Fox\" fell short in comparison to the previous album, \"Jailbreak\", suggesting that the album veers towards \"an odd, half-baked concept album\", despite showing the same strengths as its predecessor, i.e. Lynott's lyrics and the group's musical power. Praising \"Don't Believe a Word\" and \"Borderline\" as great moments, he said that the album \"never falls flat\", but is \"never quite as gripping as \"Jailbreak\"\". Stuart Bailie, reviewing the 2011 reissue for \"Classic Rock\", defined the album as \"an exercise in tight, rousing tunes with the chiming Les Paul guitars and Phil's patented blarney\", but wrote that the bonus tracks were \"less revealing\" than on other Thin Lizzy expanded editions. The track \"Johnny the Fox Meets Jimmy the Weed\" features on the \"Ultimate Breaks and Beats\" series of compilation albums. On 24 January 2011, a new remastered and expanded edition of \"Johnny the Fox\" was released. This new edition is a 2-CD set, with the original album on disc one, and bonus material on disc two. However, the track listing on the back cover is incorrect, as it accidentally lists \"Johnny the Fox Meets...\" (BBC Session) twice. Also the track listing on the back of the CD booklet is wrong as well. That lists \"Don't Believe a Word\" three times when only two versions appear. The correct track listing is listed below. It should be noted that only the bonus material on disc two has been remastered in 2010 (despite what it says on the back of the CD booklet). Disc one uses the same remaster as the 1996 edition. New remasters were made, but scrapped at the last minute before the release, for reasons unknown. Johnny the Fox Johnny the Fox is the seventh studio album by Irish band Thin Lizzy, released in 1976. This album was written and recorded while bassist/vocalist Phil Lynott was recovering from a bout of hepatitis that put him off the road halfway through the previous \"Jailbreak\" tour. \"Don't Believe a Word\" was a British hit single. \"Johnny the Fox\" was the last Thin Lizzy studio album on which guitarist Brian Robertson featured as a full member of the band, as the"
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"retrieved": [
"Crenation Crenation (from modern Latin \"crenatus\" meaning 'scalloped or notched', from popular Latin \"crena\" meaning 'notch') in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge. The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where one mechanism of crenation is the contraction of a cell after exposure to a hypertonic solution, due to the loss of water through osmosis. In a hypertonic environment, the cell has a lower concentration of solutes than the surrounding extracellular fluid, and water diffuses out of the cell by osmosis, causing the cytoplasm to decrease in volume. As a result, the cell shrinks and the cell membrane develops abnormal notchings. Pickling cucumbers and salt-curing of meat are two practical applications of crenation. Plasmolysis is the term which describes plant cells when the cytoplasm shrinks from the cell wall in a hypertonic environment. In plasmolysis, the cell wall stays intact, but the plasma membrane shrinks and the chloroplasts of the plant cell concentrate in the center of the cell. Crenation is also used to describe a feature of red blood cells. These erythrocytes look as if they have projections extending from a smaller central area, like a spiked ball. The crenations may be either large, irregular spicules of acanthocytes, or smaller, more numerous, regularly irregular projections of echinocytes. Acanthocytes and echinocytes may arise from abnormalities of the cell membrane lipids or proteins, or from other disease processes, or as an ex vivo artifact. Crenation Crenation (from modern Latin \"crenatus\" meaning 'scalloped or notched', from popular Latin \"crena\" meaning 'notch') in botany and zoology, describes an object's shape, especially a leaf or shell, as being round-toothed or having a scalloped edge. The descriptor can apply to objects of different types, including cells, where"
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"retrieved": [
"János Kulka (conductor) János Kulka (11 December 1929 – 18 October 2001) was a Hungarian conductor and composer. Kulka studied in Budapest, where he was born. He was solo repetiteur and later conductor at the Hungarian State Opera House. Since 1957 he worked in Vienna, at the Bavarian State Opera, the Staatstheater Stuttgart and since 1961 at the Hamburg State Opera. From 1964 to 1975 he was Generalmusikdirektor in Wuppertal and also a guest conductor in Germany and abroad. From 1976 to 1987 he was the director of the Nordwestdeutsche Philharmonie, recording among others works of Franz Liszt, \"Hungarian Rhapsody No. 6\", \"Two Episodes of Lenau's Faust\" and \"Hunnenschlacht\". At the same time he was Staatskapellmeister in Stuttgart. He died in Stuttgart in October 2001. János Kulka (conductor) János Kulka (11 December 1929 – 18 October 2001) was a Hungarian conductor and composer. Kulka studied in Budapest, where he was born. He was solo repetiteur and later conductor at the Hungarian State Opera House. Since 1957 he worked in Vienna, at the Bavarian State Opera, the Staatstheater Stuttgart and since 1961 at the Hamburg State Opera. From 1964 to 1975 he was Generalmusikdirektor in Wuppertal and also a guest conductor"
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"retrieved": [
"Harumi Kurihara She was born in Shimoda, a coastal city, and never had professional training as a chef. She is therefore known for satisfying home cooking. In particular her cuisine is known for combining traditional and newer Western influences, while accounting for the real-world time constraints of a housewife. She is married to Reiji Kurihara, a former television newsanchor, who originally encouraged her to begin her television career, and is now president of \"Yutori no Kukan\". Harumi's first cookbook was \"Gochisosama Ga Kikitakute!\", which translates to \"I want to hear you say: 'I'm all finished and that was great!'\". Harumi's first major cookbook published in English was \"Harumi's Japanese Cooking\", which in 2004 was awarded the best cookbook of the year (and the best world Asian cuisine book) at the 10th Gourmand World Cookbook Awards, and was selected from a pool of 5000 cookbooks from 67 countries. Harumi Kurihara She was born in Shimoda, a coastal city, and never had professional training as a chef. She is therefore known for satisfying home cooking. In particular her cuisine is known for combining traditional and newer Western influences, while accounting for the real-world time constraints of a housewife. She is married to"
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"retrieved": [
"Portsoy Portsoy () is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The original name may come from \"Port Saoithe\", meaning \"saithe harbour\". Portsoy is located on the Moray Firth Coast of North East Scotland, 50 miles North West of Aberdeen & 65 miles East of Inverness. It had a population of 1752 persons at the time of the 2011 census. Portsoy is known for local jewellery made from \"Portsoy marble\" (which is not marble, but rather serpentinite). The annual Scottish Traditional Boat Festival was started in 1993 to celebrate the 300th year of the harbour. Portsoy, notably the harbour, has featured in BBC period dramas “The Camerons” and “The Shutter Falls”, a Tennent’s Lager advert (parodying “Whisky Galore”) and, most recently, was the principal film location for Gillies MacKinnon’s 2016 film 'Whisky Galore' (a remake of the 1949 film of the same name); Portsoy represented the fictional island of Todday. Portsoy became a Burgh of barony in 1550, under Sir Walter Ogilvie of Boyne Castle, and the charter was confirmed by parliament in 1581. From the 16th century until 1975, Portsoy was in the civil and religious parish of Fordyce. It lost its status as a burgh in 1975 and became a part of the District of Banff And Buchan. In 1996 administration was transferred to the Aberdeenshire council area. The \"Old\" Harbour dates to the 17th century and is the oldest on the Moray Firth. The \"New\" Harbour was built in 1825 for the growing herring fishery, which at its peak reached 57 boats. Portsoy Primary School provides education for children from age 3 in ante-pre-school class through to age 12 in Primary 7 (P7). The school dates from the 1800s but has been expanded and modernised. Portsoy also has a public library and the Portsoy Salmon Bothy serves as a museum, exhibition space and multipurpose venue. Portsoy Portsoy () is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The original name may come from \"Port Saoithe\", meaning \"saithe harbour\". Portsoy is located on the Moray Firth Coast of North East Scotland, 50 miles North West of Aberdeen & 65 miles East of Inverness. It had a population of 1752 persons at the time of the 2011 census. Portsoy is known for local jewellery made from \"Portsoy marble\" (which is not marble, but rather serpentinite). The annual Scottish Traditional Boat Festival was started in 1993 to celebrate the 300th year of the harbour. Portsoy,"
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"retrieved": [
"A Sunny Day in Glasgow A Sunny Day in Glasgow are an American shoegazing band formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed in 2006, the band has undergone many line-up changes since then, with Ben Daniels as the only constant member. A Sunny Day in Glasgow began as a collaboration between friends Ben Daniels and Ever Nalens, both of whom had recently returned to Philadelphia after several years in the UK. The band name came from Nalens, who had been living in Glasgow, and Daniels kept it after Nalens left the project. Daniels also asked his twin sisters, Robin and Lauren, to start singing on the songs they had been working on. In March 2006 the band collected several songs and released them as an EP titled, \"The Sunniest Day Ever\". The EP received attention from College Radio, charting number 1 on NYU's WNYU, as well as music blogs, with Pitchfork Media contributing an early, favorable review. In 2006, the band signed to Notenuf Records and eventually released their debut LP, \"Scribble Mural Comic Journal\" in February 2007. The record received widespread critical acclaim with Pitchfork Media giving the record an \"8.0\" and \"Recommended\" rating, while Drowned in Sound gave the album a \"9/10\" and called it a \"contender for album of the year.\" The band compiled outtakes from earlier recording sessions and released them as the \"Tout New Age EP\" in the Summer of 2007. 2009 saw the band release their second studio LP, \"Ashes Grammar\". During the recording process, the band was forced to undergo several member changes. The first of these changes came when former bassist Brice Hickey fell when loading equipment into his car, breaking several bones in his legs. This left Ben Daniels to record the bass parts for the album, but also meant that vocalist Robin Daniels had to leave to care for the bedridden Hickey, who is her boyfriend. Lauren Daniels also had to leave the group, due to attending grad school in Colorado, forcing Ben Daniels and guitarist/drummer Josh Meakim to recruit vocalist Annie Fredrickson, also a classically trained cellist and pianist. After the album was recorded, Ryan Newmyer joined as bassist and Meakim's friend Adam Herndon as drummer. In addition, through an advert via their Myspace blog, the band found another vocalist, Jen Goma. The new line-up completed all of the songs from the Ashes sessions and released them as the \"Nitetime Rainbows EP\" in March 2010 and \"Autumn, Again\" later in October On June 24, 2014, they released their album \"Sea When Absent\". On November 13, 2015, they released the double EP \"Planning Weed Like It's Acid / Life Is Loss\". A Sunny Day in Glasgow A Sunny Day in Glasgow are an American shoegazing band formed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Formed in 2006, the band has undergone many line-up changes since then, with Ben Daniels as the only constant member. A Sunny Day in Glasgow began as a collaboration between friends Ben Daniels and Ever Nalens, both of whom had recently returned"
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"retrieved": [
"N.U.D.E.@ Natural Ultimate Digital Experiment N.U.D.E.@ Natural Ultimate Digital Experiment is a life simulation video game released for the Xbox and is only released in Japan. It is a simulation-style game in which the player assumes the role of tester for a new product. This product is a female humanoid robot called P.A.S.S., or Personal Assist Secretary System. This robot has a very basic amount of functionality to start, and must be taught language and taught how to complete tasks. To accomplish this, the robot is issued voice commands by the player using the included headset, the Xbox Communicator. The Xbox's internal clock keeps track of time, which affects gameplay in various ways. The game is similar in concept to the Sega Dreamcast game \"Seaman\" where the player interacts with an avatar via voice. \"N.U.D.E.@ Natural Ultimate Digital Experiment\" was announced on September 19, 2002 and a promotional video was shown at the 2002 Tokyo Game Show. N.U.D.E.@ Natural Ultimate Digital Experiment N.U.D.E.@ Natural Ultimate Digital Experiment is a life simulation video game released for the Xbox and is only released in Japan. It is a simulation-style game in which the player assumes the role of tester for a new"
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"retrieved": [
"Joshua Utanga Joshua Utanga (born 7 June 1988) is a Cook Islands sprint canoeist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's K-1 200 metres. Utanga was raised in Tauranga, New Zealand, by parents Nga and Sandra. When he was 18, he left home and lived in Gold Coast. Utanga first competed at an international level in the canoe sprint at the 2009 world championships in Canada. He later participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics as part of the Cook Islands team; his paternal grandparents were from the Cook Islands. He was sponsored for this by the International Canoeing Federation, through an International Olympic Committee development scheme. Joshua Utanga Joshua Utanga (born 7 June 1988) is a Cook Islands sprint canoeist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, he competed in the Men's K-1 200 metres. Utanga was raised in Tauranga, New Zealand, by parents Nga and Sandra. When he was 18, he left home and lived in Gold Coast. Utanga first competed at an international level in the canoe sprint at the 2009 world championships in Canada. He later participated at the 2012 Summer Olympics as part of the Cook Islands team; his paternal grandparents were from the Cook"
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"retrieved": [
"Mike Gundy Michael Ray Gundy (born August 12, 1967) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head football coach at Oklahoma State University. Gundy played college football at Oklahoma State, where he played quarterback from 1986 to 1989. He became Oklahoma State's coach on January 3, 2005. In 2007, he received national media attention for his heated criticism of a newspaper article on one of his players. He was revealed to be 40 at the time. At Midwest City High School, Gundy played quarterback, and was voted Oklahoma Player of the Year in 1986. His high school football coach was Dick Evans. Gundy was heavily recruited by the Oklahoma Sooners but in the end signed with the Oklahoma State University Cowboys. He became the starting quarterback midway through his freshman year. Gundy would become the all-time leading passer in Oklahoma State and Big 8 Conference history. In four seasons Gundy threw 49 touchdowns and 7,997 yards, including 2,106 yards in 1987 and 2,163 in 1988. He led the Cowboys to bowl wins in the 1987 Sun Bowl and 1988 Holiday Bowl aided by two Hall of Fame running backs: Thurman Thomas and Barry Sanders. He also led OSU to two 10-win seasons. Mike Gundy held the record for most consecutive passes attempted without an interception at the start of a career by a freshman in Division 1 history with 138, until Baylor freshman Robert Griffin III broke it in 2008. Coincidentally, Baylor was playing against Gundy's Oklahoma State team when Griffin surpassed the mark. After the game, Gundy was able to personally congratulate Griffin on the accomplishment. When Gundy graduated, he joined Pat Jones' staff as an assistant coach. He was wide receiver coach in 1990, quarterback coach from 1991–1993 and offensive coordinator from 1994–1995. Gundy was quarterbacks coach/passing game coordinator for Baylor during the 1996 season. He was on staff with Larry Fedora at Baylor and would rekindle that relationship when he became head coach at Oklahoma State, bringing Fedora on as his offensive coordinator. After the 1996 season, Gundy moved again, this time to Maryland where he was wide receiver coach and passing game coordinator from 1997–2000 for the Terps. In 2001, the Oklahoma State University head football coach job became vacant when Bob Simmons resigned and a search produced Les Miles and Mike Gundy as the finalists. Miles was hired as head coach and Gundy was brought aboard as offensive coordinator. The team would go on to three straight bowl games in Miles' last three years as head coach. When Miles left in 2004 to take the LSU job, Gundy was named immediately as Miles' successor and the 22nd head coach at Oklahoma State. Gundy is one of three head football coaches at Oklahoma State to have played for Oklahoma State, along with Jim Lookabaugh and Floyd Gass. Gundy's first season saw the expulsion of eleven players from the team and the Cowboys struggled to a 4–7 record winning only one Big 12 conference game. In his second season, the Cowboy offense began to click and the Cowboys would finish 7–6 including a victory over the Alabama Crimson Tide in the Independence Bowl. In 2007, the Cowboys again posted a 6–6 regular season record and a bowl win over the Indiana Hoosiers in the Insight Bowl. After their second straight bowl appearance, Gundy was rewarded with a contract extension through the 2013 season. Since 2008, Gundy has led the Cowboys to 59 wins, almost 10 wins per season on average. Many people would consider this to be the most successful period in Oklahoma State football history. He has also led the Pokes to twelve-straight bowl seasons, another Cowboy record. On September 22, 2007, Gundy made comments that became the subject of a nationwide media controversy and generated a viral video. Following his team's victory over the Texas Tech Red Raiders, Gundy criticized an article that was critical of one of his players including the now famous line \"Come after me! I'm a man! I'm forty!\" Jenni Carlson of \"The Oklahoman\" wrote the original article discussing Bobby Reid, the former starting quarterback, and guesses as to why he might have been demoted to second-string. The OSU coaching staff publicly supported Reid earlier in the year. Mike Gundy has related that he does not mind criticizing college athletes' on-field performance but does not appreciate critiquing college athletes otherwise. The Oklahoman sports editor, Mike Sherman, also stood by the story. Mike Griffith, president of the Football Writers Association of America, called Gundy's behavior \"completely inappropriate.\" CBS Sportsline's Dennis Dodd went further saying, \"Mike Gundy needs to be reprimanded, definitely suspended, probably fined and maybe fired.\" OSU athletic director Mike Holder stood behind Gundy, saying that \"nothing is more important to us than our student-athletes.\" Gundy would later state that the incident was a blessing in disguise, as the image of his strident defense of one of his players had a lasting positive effect on recruiting. In 2008, Gundy led the Oklahoma State Cowboys to their best season in 20 years. They were ranked in the top 15 for most of the season. The season ended with an appearance in the Holiday Bowl, where they lost to Oregon. Gundy was rewarded with a new seven-year contract worth $15.7 million. The contract, which extended through the 2015 season, went into effect on January 1, 2009. 2011 season Thus far the high-water mark for Gundy, the Cowboys won the Big 12 championship, the program's first conference championship since 1976 (when they tied as co-champions) and first outright conference championship since 1948. The team featured two-time Biletnikoff Award winner Justin Blackmon and quarterback Brandon Weeden, both first-round draft picks in the 2012 NFL Draft, as well as a defense that lead the FBS in turnover margin The team also appeared in the program's only BCS game, defeating Andrew Luck and the Stanford Cardinal 41-38 in overtime at the 2012 Fiesta Bowl After the 2017 season, the Cowboys are 2–11 vs. the Oklahoma Sooners under Gundy as head coach. Gundy has been associated with the series 25 times as a player or a coach. In September 2013, Sports Illustrated published a series of articles as part of an investigation beginning with Les Miles' tenure as head coach at Oklahoma State from 2001 and continuing through Gundy's tenure as head coach in 2011. The allegations concerning Gundy included involvement in a bonus system for players along with direct payments and no-show or sham jobs involving boosters, continuing diminished academic standards including players playing who were otherwise academically ineligible such as having players' school work done by so-called tutors and other school personnel, tolerating widespread drug abuse among the players by continuing a sham drug counseling program and selective drug enforcement, and also purportedly like Miles, personally interviewing hostess candidates for the Orange Pride hostess program and facilitating some hostesses having sex with prospective recruits. In response to the allegations, Gundy stated: \"I’m very proud of what we’ve accomplished here, both on and off the field. Our goal has always been to take young people from where their parents have gotten them and to make them better over a four- or five-year period. We’re very proud of that in many ways. So, until further time—and obviously the university will make that decision—there’s not any comment that we would have on the Sports Illustrated article.\" Les Miles generally denied any wrongdoing during his time as head coach at OSU. Following the SI series Oklahoma State conducted an intensive review of practices policies led by Charles Smrt. There were no findings of misconduct of any significance found. One of the authors of the report, Thayer Evans made news for getting caught in a sting Operation at Hobie Point where numerous cases of outraging public decency had occurred. Many current and",
"the field. Our goal has always been to take young people from where their parents have gotten them and to make them better over a four- or five-year period. We’re very proud of that in many ways. So, until further time—and obviously the university will make that decision—there’s not any comment that we would have on the Sports Illustrated article.\" Les Miles generally denied any wrongdoing during his time as head coach at OSU. Following the SI series Oklahoma State conducted an intensive review of practices policies led by Charles Smrt. There were no findings of misconduct of any significance found. One of the authors of the report, Thayer Evans made news for getting caught in a sting Operation at Hobie Point where numerous cases of outraging public decency had occurred. Many current and former players, professors, and supporters have made statements refuting the SI articles. Gundy and his wife, Kristen, have three children, Gavin, Gunnar and Gage. His brother, Cale Gundy, was a starting quarterback at Oklahoma in the 1990s and is currently OU's Assistant Head Coach, Director of Recruiting and Inside Receivers Coach. Gundy has also accrued fame for his \"million-dollar mullet.\" Many current NCAA head coaches and assistants trace their careers back to Gundy's coaching tree. Gundy, in turn, can trace his career back to the coaching tree of College Football Hall of Fame members Johnny Majors and Bo Schembechler through Miles. Assistant coaches under Mike Gundy who became NCAA or NFL head coaches: Mike Gundy Michael Ray Gundy (born August 12, 1967) is an American football coach and former player. He is currently the head football coach at Oklahoma State University. Gundy played college football at Oklahoma State, where he played quarterback from 1986 to 1989. He became Oklahoma State's coach on January 3, 2005. In 2007, he received national media attention for his heated criticism of a newspaper article on one of his players. He was revealed to be 40 at the time."
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"retrieved": [
"Percy Snow Percy Lee Snow (born November 5, 1967) is a retired American football linebacker who played at Michigan State University and was a first-round draft pick of the Kansas City Chiefs. Snow made the College Football All-America Team at Michigan State and was voted the player of the game in the 1988 Rose Bowl. He is one of only four players in college football history to win both the Butkus Award and Lombardi Award. On May 7, 2013, Percy Snow was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame Class Of 2013. Snow had a successful rookie season in 1990 and was expected to be a major contributor to Marty Schottenheimer's defense with the Chiefs. However, he was involved in an accident while riding a scooter during training camp in 1991. Snow sustained season-ending injuries to his knee in the wreck and never fully recovered from the accident. His career ended after only three active seasons (he spent 1991 on injured reserve) with just one start in his final two. Snow is the older brother of NBA player Eric Snow. After leaving the NFL, Snow later played for the Rhein Fire in the World League of American Football. Percy"
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