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{ "retrieved": [ "Benken, Zürich Benken is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland. Benken is first mentioned in 858 as \"Pecchinhova\". Benken has an area of . Of this area, 59% is used for agricultural purposes, while 33.6% is forested. The rest of the land, (7.4%) is settled. The municipality is surrounded by vineyards and is located at the south-west foot of Cholfirst mountain. Benken has a population (as of ) of . , 7.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -0.5%. Most of the population () speaks German (93.8%), with French being second most common ( 1.4%) and Spanish being third ( 0.7%). In the 2007 election the most popular party was the SVP which received 55.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SPS (14.3%), the Green Party (9%) and the FDP (5.8%). The age distribution of the population () is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 29.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 12.8%. In Benken about 83.2% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a \"Fachhochschule\"). Benken has an unemployment rate of 1.91%. , there were 83 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 24 businesses involved in this sector. 34 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 10 businesses in this sector. 85 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 24 businesses in this sector. The historical population is given in the following table: Benken, Zürich Benken is a municipality in the district of Andelfingen in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Extension of University Education Act, 1959 The Extension of University Education Act, Act 45 of 1959, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa. This act made it a criminal offense for a non-white student to register at a formerly open university without the written permission of the Minister of Internal Affairs. New universities were established for the various non-white groups. In the Western Cape, a school in Bellville was established for coloureds, while a school at Ngoye was created in Zululand for Zulus. For Indians, a school was established at Durban in Natal Province, at Turfloop in the Transvaal for the Sotho-Tswanans, while Fort Hare, the former Lovedale Mission College, became restricted to Xhosas. The act was repealed by the Tertary Education Act, 1988. Extension of University Education Act, 1959 The Extension of University Education Act, Act 45 of 1959, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in South Africa. This act made it a criminal offense for a non-white student to register at a formerly open university without the written permission of the Minister of Internal Affairs. New universities were established for the various non-white groups. In the Western Cape, a school" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Eleventh Hour (1912 film) The Eleventh Hour is a 1912 Australian silent film. It is considered a lost film. The script is based on a play \"showing the adventures and vicissitudes in the life of a Girl Telegraphist\". The action consisted of four acts: The film was shot in Sydney and released in that city in 1912. It screened in London in September 1913 under the title Saved by Telegram. The critic from the \"Sydney Morning Herald\" said that \"the story is a thrilling one, whilst the cinematographic work of Mr. Franklyn Barrett, the West expert, is particularly good.\" The Eleventh Hour (1912 film) The Eleventh Hour is a 1912 Australian silent film. It is considered a lost film. The script is based on a play \"showing the adventures and vicissitudes in the life of a Girl Telegraphist\". The action consisted of four acts: The film was shot in Sydney and released in that city in 1912. It screened in London in September 1913 under the title Saved by Telegram. The critic from the \"Sydney Morning Herald\" said that \"the story is a thrilling one, whilst the cinematographic work of Mr. Franklyn Barrett, the West expert, is particularly good.\"" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "John Kimmel (accordionist) John J. Kimmel (13 December 1866 - 18 September 1942) was a German-American musician known for playing Irish, Scottish, and American music on the 1-row diatonic accordion (or \"melodeon\"). Though not Irish-American, but rather German-American (born in Brooklyn to German immigrants Margaretha Schmidt and John Kimmel) Kimmel's playing had an enduring effect on the playing of the Irish accordion. Kimmel's career stretched roughly from 1904-1920, largely in New York City. His earliest recordings, done on Edison Wax Cylinder was around 1906. Kimmel's works often appeared under the name \"Kimmble\", and he was known to bill himself as the \"Irish Dutchman\" (cf. Deutsch). John Kimmel (accordionist) John J. Kimmel (13 December 1866 - 18 September 1942) was a German-American musician known for playing Irish, Scottish, and American music on the 1-row diatonic accordion (or \"melodeon\"). Though not Irish-American, but rather German-American (born in Brooklyn to German immigrants Margaretha Schmidt and John Kimmel) Kimmel's playing had an enduring effect on the playing of the Irish accordion. Kimmel's career stretched roughly from 1904-1920, largely in New York City. His earliest recordings, done on Edison Wax Cylinder was around 1906. Kimmel's works often appeared under the name \"Kimmble\", and he was" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Variable soft coral The variable soft coral (\"Eleutherobia variabile\") is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae. Variable soft corals grow in small colonies of up to 7 cm. They are mushroom-shaped, having a short stalk with a round head covered with feeding polyps. The stalk is of variable height and may also be absent. The colour is extremely variable and may be red, purple, orange, white, yellow or pink and often varies between the colony and the polyps. This species is known from the Cape Peninsula to southern KwaZulu-Natal off the South African coast, and lives from 13-450m under water. This is a common species over its range. Colonies are usually found attached to hard substrates such as rock, shells and even encrusting sponges on vertical walls. Variable soft coral The variable soft coral (\"Eleutherobia variabile\") is a species of colonial soft coral in the family Alcyoniidae. Variable soft corals grow in small colonies of up to 7 cm. They are mushroom-shaped, having a short stalk with a round head covered with feeding polyps. The stalk is of variable height and may also be absent. The colour is extremely variable and may be red, purple, orange," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Snowball is an inventive pig who influences others to his side with intelligence and compassion. It is never revealed what happens to him after his escape. In the 1954 animated adaptation it is implied that the dogs kill him. However, in the 1999 live action film adaption, he is shown escaping the dogs and surviving, though Napoleon declares him banished under pain of death. \n Snowball is eventually forced out of the farm when Napoleon uses his guard dogs to attack Snowball. After that, he is blamed for problems on the farm, and it is believed he was in support of Jones from the start as well as sowing seeds with weeds. Though he fought bravely at the Battle of the Cowshed, the facts are altered to say he openly fought for Jones and that the shot wounds are changed to wounds Napoleon inflicted on him. Those accused of supporting him are executed after being forced to confess, and a reward is offered for his capture. \n Snowball believes in a continued revolution:he argues that in order to defend Animal Farm, he must strengthen the reality of Old Major's dream of a life without humans and that they must stir up rebellions in other farms throughout England. However, Napoleon always disagrees with any ideas that Snowball has because he does not want Snowball to lead Animal Farm and gain more popularity than himself. \n Snowball \n--- \nFirst appearance \| Animal Farm \nLast appearance \| Animal Farm (only appearance) \nCreated by \| George Orwell \nVoiced by \| Maurice Denham (1954 film) Kelsey Grammer (1999 film) \nInformation \nSpecies \| Pig \nGender \| Male \nOccupation \| Past leader of Animal Farm \n Snowball is a character in George Orwell's Animal Farm. He is largely based on Leon Trotsky and describes how he led the opposition against Joseph Stalin (Napoleon), though he also includes elements of Vladimir Lenin. He is shown as a pink pig on the movie poster for the 1999 film Animal Farm, and is voiced by Kelsey Grammer. \n When the novel Animal Farm was adapted for screen in the 1950s, the CIA investors were initially greatly concerned that Snowball was presented too sympathetically in early script treatments and that Batchelor's script implied Snowball was \"intelligent, dynamic, courageous\". A memo declared that Snowball must be presented as a \"fanatic intellectual whose plans if carried through would have led to disaster no less complete than under Napoleon.\" De Rochemont subsequently implemented these changes. \n \| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) \n---\|---\n Snowball also writes the first version of the Seven Commandments. They are later altered by Squealer under the orders of Napoleon, to accommodate the actions of the pigs. For example, the commandment stating \"No animal shall drink alcohol\" is changed to \"No animal shall drink alcohol to excess\", and that which states \"No animal shall sleep in a bed\" is changed to \"No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets\". Later all the commandments are replaced with one phrase:\"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others\"." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Southend High School for Boys Southend High School for Boys, also known by its initialism SHSB, is a selective secondary Grammar school situated along Prittlewell Chase in Prittlewell, in the north-west of Southend-on-Sea, England, south-west of the roundabout of the A127 and A1159. It teaches students from the age of 11 through to 18 years old, and admission to the school is dependent upon their performance in selective 11+ tests set by the Consortium of Selective Schools in Essex (CSSE). It converted to Academy status on 1 February 2011, and has autonomous control over itself. Student numbers have been increasing over recent years. As of academic year 2008–2009, there are just over 1,150 students on roll, with over 230 of them in the Sixth Form, 20 to 30 of which come from other schools, including girls. The school consistently achieves over 95% of its students attaining 5 GCSEs grade A*–C each year, and was one of the few schools in the country to achieve \"outstanding\" in the latest Ofsted inspection. The current Headteacher is Dr Robin M. Bevan, who has a doctorate in education and was appointed in September 2007, and the previous headmaster was Michael D Frampton, a History teacher who served as Headmaster from 1988 to 2007. The current deputy heads are Mrs E Smith and Mrs R Worth and the assistant head is Mrs C Bates. Former pupils, teachers, and other members of the school are known as Old Southendians, and are entitled to join the Old Southendian Association (OSA) of past members and alumni, to keep in touch and network with other former pupils at social, sporting, and musical events, and on trips and meals. The OSA has the motto \"sustaining friendships\", and is one of the oldest and largest Boys Associations in the country, with 2,470 members as of October 2011. The school also has a Parents' Association (PA), which is a registered charity, and associated PA Committee. The school was founded in 1895 on a site in Victoria Circus, and provided the first secondary education within the Borough of Southend-on-Sea. It moved to its present larger site, along \"Prittlewell Chase\", in 1939. In 1940 the school was evacuated to Mansfield in Nottinghamshire but the boys returned before the end of the war. Until 1974 it was administered by the County Borough of Southend-on-Sea Education Committee, then Essex County Council, and then the Unitary Authority of Southend-on-Sea from 1998. In 2001 the school was a Language College as part of the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust, promoting modern foreign languages both inside and outside the curriculum as well as within the local community. It was a founder member of Southend Excellence Cluster, supporting and collaborating with nearly thirty primary and secondary schools. In 2006, as a high-performing specialist school, it was invited to become a Leading Edge school, promoting innovation in teaching and learning in liaison with local partner schools. Despite now converting to academy status in 2011, the school still promotes languages as a specialism The school has also received the National Association for Able Children in Education (NACE) Challenge Award \"for Excellence in Provision for Able, Gifted & Talented Pupils\", the Leading Aspect Award, and the Department for Education and Skills Sportsmark award. Students may earn a form of award called Colours for significant achievement in academics, sport, debating or music and drama. Commonly these are awarded to winners of National or County tournaments however they are also awarded for extraordinary service to the school. They are also awarded for prestigious efforts undertaken by students outside of their school careers. There are four forms of colours raising in prestige: Term colours, for students performing an act of real merit; Year Colours, for students performing meritorious acts over an academic year; Half school colours, for dedication, achievement and service to a field and Full School Colours which are awarded very rarely to remarkable acts carried out on behalf of the school across a student's school career. Colours are indicated by a range of additions to a students blazers: term and year colours are indistinguishable and take the form of a small brass badge with coloured enamel affixed to the lapel. The badge is coloured to indicate the school year in which it was earned and the field it was earned in is embossed in brass on it. Half school colours take the form of a badge sewn onto the breast of the blazer above the school crest on the pocket. The badge is always school green and the text gold. Full School colours are gold band sewn in rings onto the arms of the blazer one ring per award. Although the building was originally built almost symmetrically in 1939, it has undergone various changes which have meant that this is no longer the case. In 1992, QE1 and QE2 classrooms were built inside the East End quadrangle to cope with the demand arising from extra pupils. In 1995, the Hitchcock Library was constructed to fill in the West End quadrangle with a new art room, W17 on top. The library was needed to alleviate overcrowding in the \"Old Library\" which is located above the headmaster's office & main school office. In 1998, the Sixth Form centre was built, removing four of the \"temporary huts\" 37 years after they were built. In 2003, the Language College was constructed to create room for an expanded intake of pupils; an extra 25 per year starting in the 2002–2003 year. As this was built, subject rooms also got swapped around; Mathematics moved from the four other huts into E1, E2, E3 and QE1 (E1 and E9 were previously German rooms, E2, QE1, and QE2 were French rooms, and E3 was a Latin room). E9 became an extra English Room (previously English had just E5, E6, E7 and E8) and Religious Education gained the use of QE2. Music also gained the use of L6 in the Language College for a short period of time whilst the Sports Hall & Music Centre was under construction. In the Language College, German was moved into L1 and L2, Spanish into L6 and L9, French into L10, L11, L12, L14, L15 and L16. L4, L7, and L8 are small rooms used for speaking practice and L3 and L13 are computer suites. Owing to such a long time in sub-standard accommodation in Music and Physical Education (as mentioned by the OFSTED report of 2001), a bid was made to Southend Borough Council for a grant to be awarded for a new Sports Hall and Music Centre (following the construction of a top quality facility at St Bernard's High School for Girls). Permission was granted and the sum of £2.25 million was given to the school for the construction of this new facility. The school began a development appeal to raise a further £475,000 in order to equip the centre with the latest fitness machines and recording studio. This was the largest amount an English High School had hoped to raise in the history of British education. The appeal lasted for 3 years until 2006 when it was closed. The total raised was £376,000; slightly less than expected. Unlike the Sixth Form Centre and Language College, which were built from prefabricated units in a brick shell, this building was designed by Peter Emptage & Associates and built to last. According to documentation, this building is constructed to last 120 years. Constructed in a steel frame and finished in glass, red brick, micro fibbed aluminium panelling and a beech coloured wood, the new centre boasts a 5 badminton court size sports hall, the largest school sports hall in Southend Borough (the only larger indoor hall is that at Southend Leisure & Tennis Centre). This building was completed in September 2005 and is now well used; not only by members of the school community but also the wider community in the evenings and at weekends. In November 2008 two temporary classrooms were installed to the east of the main buildings between the music centre and the rear exit. These buildings have been constructed to relieve the inevitable stress of the new,", "and built to last. According to documentation, this building is constructed to last 120 years. Constructed in a steel frame and finished in glass, red brick, micro fibbed aluminium panelling and a beech coloured wood, the new centre boasts a 5 badminton court size sports hall, the largest school sports hall in Southend Borough (the only larger indoor hall is that at Southend Leisure & Tennis Centre). This building was completed in September 2005 and is now well used; not only by members of the school community but also the wider community in the evenings and at weekends. In November 2008 two temporary classrooms were installed to the east of the main buildings between the music centre and the rear exit. These buildings have been constructed to relieve the inevitable stress of the new, larger pupil intake and also to provide alternative classrooms for the rooms disrupted by the planned complete window changes in the main building. The planning application was granted subject to the condition that the rooms are removed once the extension to the Sports Hall is completed. In May 2009, a planning application was submitted to Southend Council to extend the Sports Hall & Music Centre on its western side, effectively infilling the underused grass area. The application included 6 classrooms over two phases; four in Phase 1 and 2 IT suites in Phase 2, located to the north of Phase 1. The four classrooms will be used to house the Mathematics department and include 111 square metres of circulation space as well as ample storage and an office. A connection will be created from the fitness suite to the upstairs of the new extension, but will only come into use during emergency evacuations or disabled people using the lift in the main Sports Hall. Construction has begun in February 2010 with scheduled completion for Phase 1 in June 2010. Over the summer months of 2010, T3 was converted to a food technology room due to the government's requirements for all schools to teach food technology as part of the curriculum beginning year 2010/11. In December 2009, a planning application was submitted to Southend Council to extend the Dining Hall into the eating area with a 150 square metre room, linked to both the dining hall and main hall. This allows the room to be used both for the lunchtime seating expansion of the dining hall, exam desk expansion during exam season, and for light refreshments during school events such as the annual drama performance or music concerts. Students at Southend High School for Boys are split into four \"houses\"; Athens (motto: \"nulli secundus\" – 'second to none'), Tuscany (motto: \"sine labore nihil\" – 'nothing without effort'), Sparta (motto: \"non sibi sed domo\" – 'Not for self, for house'), and Troy (motto: \"fortiter et recte\" – 'boldly and rightly'), modelled upon a traditional house system. Competitiveness is actively encouraged between houses as the students contend to win the Cock House Championship. Students compete in sports, music, debating and other fields to secure house points to establish the victor. In addition students earn house credits which are converted into house points which contribute towards the overall cup. As well as the overall cup each event holds its individual trophy as well as cups for individuals. During the school's early history, the school song was Forty Years On (a song adopted by several schools at the time). Around 1923, Lionel Elvin (a student and School Captain at the time) was invited to write an original song for the school after a conversation with his history master. Elvin wrote five verses which summarised school life and the nostalgic sentiment of its pupils. The song was presented to the Headmaster who approved. Although Elvin imagined the lyrics could be sung to the tune of The Lass that Loves a Sailor by Charles Dibdin, the school's music master wrote an original tune for Elvin's lyrics. Sometime before the second world war two of Elvin's five verses were dropped. Around 1939 another music master, Arthur Hutchings, composed a new tune for the song which has been used ever since. Hutchings wrote the new melody as a piano accompaniment in pencil at the back of his hymn book. In 1953 construction of a new organ was completed and music master Reginald Foxwell adapted the tune for organ. When Foxwell died suddenly in 1957 A-level music students Gerald Usher and Paul Green inherited the responsibility of leading the school song for a year until a new music master was appointed. The two students found that no copy of the song existed and Hutchings' hymn book notes had been lost. Usher played the accompaniment as he remembered it and Green taught the younger students the lyrics. Although the lyrics were written down, when the two students left a year later the melody had still not been written down and only survived through memory and through passing it down from one generation to the next. Thirty five years later in 1993 Usher was invited by Headmaster Michael Frampton to teach A-level music. Usher was shocked to find that the song was rarely sung and had changed somewhat due to it being passed on through oral tradition. Usher wrote down the 1957 version of the song from memory and made numerous copies. A few years later a copy of Hutchings' melody resurfaced in an old school newsletter from the 1940s and Usher was delighted to find that he had only mis-remembered one note and a slightly spread chord. During his time as a teacher, Usher encouraged the singing of the school song at numerous school events and nurtured its popularity among students. The School Song has since been printed and published in several documents. The song is sung at several events every academic year, most notably at the end of the final assembly of each school term. It is also sung by members of the Old Southendian Association at meet ups and is often sung by sixth form students repeatedly during their last day. The school song is used as the music on hold when calling the school's reception. The school was last inspected in February 2006 when the main conclusion of Ofsted (the Office for Standards in Education) was as follows: They have also recently received the NACE Challenge Award, which means they are the first secondary school in the Eastern Counties to obtain it, and the 22nd school in the entire country of Britain to achieve the award.\" Southend High School for Boys Southend High School for Boys, also known by its initialism SHSB, is a selective secondary Grammar school situated along Prittlewell Chase in Prittlewell, in the north-west of Southend-on-Sea, England, south-west of the roundabout of the A127 and A1159. It teaches students from the age of 11 through to 18 years old, and admission to the school is dependent upon their performance in selective 11+ tests set by the Consortium of Selective Schools in Essex (CSSE). It converted to Academy status on 1 February 2011, and has autonomous control over itself. Student numbers have" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jeff Farmer (footballer) Jeff Farmer (born 24 June 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer of Aboriginal descent. He was the first indigenous player to kick 400 goals in the Australian Football League (AFL). Known as \"The Wizard\" (or \"The Wiz\") because of his uncanny ability to create goals from nothing, Farmer began his professional football career with the Melbourne Football Club in 1995. Farmer has always been one of the AFL's most exciting players. His career best goalkicking performance came against Collingwood at the MCG in 2000 when he kicked 9 goals in the second half after barely being able to get a touch in the first two quarters. He was taken from the field for the third quarter and was on the interchange bench before Ben Beams suffered a broken wrist and was unable to continue. He finished the 2000 season with a career best 76 goals and was named in the All-Australian team. After 118 games and 259 goals for Melbourne, he was traded to Fremantle at the end of 2001. Farmer's first two seasons with Fremantle were disappointing, with less than 30 goals in each year, but in 2004, his consistency improved and he was the Dockers' 2nd most productive forward for each of the 2004, 2005 and 2006 seasons. During the 2006 home and away season, Farmer had his most productive season since 2000, kicking 55 goals from just 19 games, with a 31 goals in 7 games effort towards the end of the season. Due to this run of good form, he was thought by many to be a good chance of making All-Australian selection in the forward pocket. He was not, however, selected. At the end of the 2008 AFL season Farmer announced his retirement from AFL football, leaving him stranded on 249 games. His 483 career goals, including three in his final game, is the 49th most in VFL/AFL history and his 224 goals for Fremantle is second behind Matthew Pavlich. ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1995 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1996 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1997 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1998 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 1999 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2000 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2001 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2002 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2003 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2004 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2005 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2006 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2007 ! scope=\"row\" style=\"text-align:center\" \| 2008 ! colspan=3\| Career ! 249 ! 483 ! 285 ! 1988 ! 888 ! 2876 ! 728 ! 399 ! 1.9 ! 1.1 ! 8.0 ! 3.6 ! 11.6 ! 2.9 ! 1.6 In November 2004, Farmer pleaded guilty to assaulting his long-time girlfriend and was fined $2,000. In December 2006 he was alleged to have been involved in a nightclub fight in which a Subiaco Football Club player, Greg Broughton, suffered a broken eye socket. No charges were laid. Farmer was arrested in April 2007 and charged with assault for knocking out a security guard at a Perth nightclub after being refused entry. The Fremantle Football Club fined him $5,100 and suspended him for a further 6 weeks on top of his existing AFL enforced suspension for eye gouging another player during a pre-season game, which was his 10th suspension and his 14th appearance before the tribunal. In court, Farmer pleaded guilty to assault and was fined $3,000. After serving his full suspension, Farmer returned to the Fremantle side on 30 June in the round 13 game against Carlton at Subiaco Oval. Farmer together with Des Headland, who was himself implicated in another nightclub fight during the week, were amongst the best players on the field and led the way to a 77-point thrashing. This was Fremantle's second highest ever score and their greatest winning margin ever against Carlton. Headland kicked 5 goals and Farmer kicked 4 goals and each set up many more for their teammates. In July 2007, police charged Farmer with criminal damage after he smashed a car's side mirror in a rage after being ejected from Burswood Casino. In court he pleaded guilty to the charge and was fined $750 (with $400 compensation and $58 costs). Despite the previous conviction which was considered his last chance at the club, Fremantle did not suspend him, but fined him $10,000 (the maximum allowed under the AFL Players Association rules) and requested he donate $20,000 to charity. He was recalled to play for Fremantle the following week against league leaders Geelong. On 18 August 2007, in the third quarter of a match against St Kilda at Telstra Dome, Farmer received facial injuries from a behind the play incident and was assisted from the playing area, bleeding and suffering a concussion. The incident was not witnessed by umpires, nor by any of the TV broadcast cameras. Network Ten commentator Michael Voss stated soon afterwards that he saw what happened and added that St Kilda tagger Steven Baker would be hoping it had not been captured by TV cameras. Farmer took no further part in the match, which St Kilda won by 30 points. Baker was later handed a 7-game suspension by the AFL tribunal, after being charged with rough conduct on Farmer. St Kilda appealed the decision, and included a letter from Farmer to the AFL pleading for leniency on Baker, describing Baker as one of his most respected opponents. The letter could not be accepted in the appeal, because it was new evidence. The appeal was rejected and the suspension remained. On 25 June 2008 it was announced that Farmer was suspended for a week by the Fremantle Football Club for not attending a compulsory recovery session after the weekend's loss to St Kilda in Melbourne. Farmer retired at the conclusion of the 2008 AFL season. Jeff Farmer decided to come out of retirement to play for South Fremantle Football Club in WAFL for 2009 season. Jeff Farmer (footballer) Jeff Farmer (born 24 June 1977) is a former Australian rules footballer of Aboriginal descent. He was the first indigenous" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Laurel Airport (Costa Rica) Laurel Airport is an airport that serves the town of Laurel in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, near the border with Panama. None. However, Coto 47 Airport, located north, receives a daily flight to Golfito and San José operated by SANSA Airlines. Most air charter companies offer private air travel to this airport. It can be reached in about an hour from San José depending on the type of aircraft. Alfa Romeo Taxi Aéreo has a twin-engine Piper Aztec based at nearby Coto 47 Airport and a Cessna 206 at Golfito Airport that can reach Laurel much faster. The airport does not have any facilities available for independent travelers. There are hangars on the threshold of runway 11 that support aerial spraying and ultralight aircraft. Contact the National Helicopter Service (Servicio Nacional de Helicópteros) to inquire for possible aircraft or passenger service arrangements. As of January, 2008, no point of contact is available for the ultralight facilities. For food and other services, there are corner stores \"pulperías\" in the surroundings of the airport. Laurel can be reached within 5 minutes and counts with a variety of food, lodging and miscellaneous services. Bus service is offered from San José and mostly any point along the southern Pan-American Highway. Taxi cabs are available in nearby Laurel. Laurel Airport (Costa Rica) Laurel Airport is an airport that serves the town of Laurel in Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica, near the border with Panama. None. However, Coto 47 Airport, located north, receives a daily flight to Golfito and San José operated by SANSA Airlines. Most air charter companies offer private air travel to this airport. It can be reached in about an hour from San José depending on the type of aircraft. Alfa Romeo Taxi Aéreo has a twin-engine Piper Aztec based" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Paris–Madrid race The Paris–Madrid race of May 1903 was an early experiment in auto racing, organized by the Automobile Club de France (ACF) and the Spanish Automobile Club, Automóvil Club Español. At the time in France there was a great interest in international car races. In 1894 the Paris–Rouen was the first car race in the world, followed by races from Paris to Bordeaux, Marseilles, Dieppe, Amsterdam, Berlin and Vienna. The French government was against the idea of races being held on public streets. After the Paris–Berlin race of 1901, the minister of internal affairs M. Waldeck-Rousseau stated that no other races would be authorized. The Paris–Madrid was strongly supported by King Alphonse XIII of Spain, and French media suggested that France could not withdraw from the competition, being the country with the most advanced technology in car manufacturing. Baron de Zuylen, president of the ACF, managed to overcome the opposition of Prime Minister Émile Combes by stating that the roads were indeed public, the public wanted the races, and many local administrators were eager to have a race pass through their towns. Many French car manufacturers supported the request, employing of over 25 thousand workers and producing 16 million Francs per year of export alone. Since races were necessary to promote the brands, they interceded with the government who finally agreed with the race. The Council of Ministries and the President gave their support to the race on February 17, 1903, while the ACF had been accepting applications since January 15. In just 40 days over 300 drivers enrolled, many more than expected. The net worth of the cars involved in the race surpassed 7 million Francs. The race was to span over 1307 kilometers, in three legs: Versailles – Bordeaux (552 km), Bordeaux – Vitoria (km 335) and Vitoria – Madrid (420 km). The rules were published in the three biggest motor sport magazines of France: France Automobile, La Locomotion, La Vie Automobile. The rules called for four weight categories: less than 250 kg, 250 to 400 kg, 400 to 650 kg and 650 to 1000 kg. The weight was intended as dry weight, excluding the driver, fuel, batteries, oil, spare parts, tools, food and water, driver's luggage, headlights and lights harnesses, horns and eventual external starter. The subscription cost ranged from 50 to 400 Francs, depending on weight. The two heaviest classes were supposed to have a driver and a mechanic (weighing no less than 60 kg, the same for the whole race), while the two lighter ones required only a driver. The starting order was drawn at random between the cars enrolled in the first thirty days, and in progression for the drivers enrolled after February 15. The race start was established for the 3.30 AM of Sunday May 24, from Versailles Gardens, les Jardins de Versailles. As in many races before, the cars were to leave one by one, with a two-minute delay. The \"Absolutely Closed Parks\" rule was introduced: at the end each race leg, the cars were to be taken by a commissioner to closed pens, where no repairs or maintenance were allowed. Any refueling or repairs had to be done during the race time. While in transit to the pens, the cars had to cross the towns in parade, accompanied by a race officer on a bicycle who was supposed to record the exact time of the crossing, which was later deducted from the overall driver's time. The time records were written on time slips and kept in sealed metal boxes on every car. While Versailles – Bordeaux was a mainstay of road races (the Gordon Bennett Cup has been kept there in 1901), the Bordeaux – Vitoria leg presented more uncertainty: it was full of sharp turns, climbs, narrow bridges, rail crossings, stone roads and long, paved stretches where high speeds would be possible. 315 racers enrolled, but only 224 were present on the start line, subdivided as follows: Many famous racers and brands joined the race. René de Knyff, Henri and Maurice Farman, Pierre de Crawhez, Charles S. Rolls were racing with Panhard-Levassor, mighty 4-cylinders cars capable of 70 hp and 130 km/h Henri Fournier, William K. Vanderbilt, Fernand Gabriel and Baron de Forest enrolled for the Mors brand, who presented a daring new wind-splitting radiator on the classic \"bateau\" frames. The car was very powerful, with 90 hp and a maximum speed of almost 140 km/h Mercedes deployed 11 cars, ranging from 60 to 90 hp. De Dietrich and many other French brands such as Gobron Billiè, Napier and Charron Girardot shunned the lightest classes and raced only with their most powerful and heavy models. The smallest cars from those brands were still present in the hands of amateurs and private racers. Other French brands included Darracq, De Dion-Bouton, Clément-Bayard, Richard, and Décauville. Renault joined the race with two cars driven by Marcel Renault and Louis Renault, two founders of the brand and experienced drivers. Italian manufacturer Fiat presented only two cars, but could count on two of the best drivers of the time, Vincenzo Lancia and Luigi Storero. French newspapers were excited and covered the race with great enthusiasm. The race was presented as the biggest race since the invention of the car, and over 100,000 people managed to reach Versailles at 2 am for the race start. The first hundred of kilometers of the race track were crowded with spectators, and rail stations were swarmed with people trying to reach Versailles. The crowd and the darkness convinced the organisers to delay the race start by half an hour, and to reduce the delay between cars to just one minute. The day was expected to be very hot, and the officials wanted to avoid the heat of the late morning. The starting point was in front of the Eau des Suisses at the gardens of Versailles. In the early morning of May 24, 1903, participants started at one minute intervals for the first leg to Bordeaux via Saint Cyr, Trappes, Coignières, Le Perray, Rambouillet, Chartres, Clayes, Tours, Ruffec, Angoulême, Chevanceaux, Guitres, Libourne. The first car was expected to arrive at Bordeaux around noon. The soldiers deployed to manage the crowd proved insufficient, and people swarmed the streets. The first racer to leave, Charles Jarrott with his mechanic Bianchi in a 1000 kg, 45 hp De Dietrich, tried to slow down to 40 miles per hour, to give people time to evacuate the road in front of the car, but it only worsened the problem since people just waited longer to move away. De Knyff on his Panhard-Levassor left second, followed by Louis Renault in a 650 kg, 30 cv Renault. Théry in Décauville (640 kg, 24 cv), another De Diétrich, a Mors, a Panhard and a light Passy Thellier, (400 kg, 16 cv) were the next. The start took until 6.45 a.m., almost three hours. The race proved to be very difficult for the drivers: the dangers from the crowd added to the thick dust cloud raised by the cars. The weather had been dry for the prior two weeks, and dust covered the roads. Officials watered down just the first kilometer of road, and the short delay between cars worsened the problem. Visibility dropped to few meters, and people stood in the middle of the road to see the cars, becoming a persistent danger for the drivers. After the first control point in Rambouillet, and the second in Chartres the crowd became less dense. Just after Rambouillet, Louis Renault's wild racing style allowed him to overcome both De Knyff and Jarrott, who were struggling for first place but keeping a more prudent stance to avoid the crowd. Thery and Stead followed at distance, while Jenatzy's Mercedes and Gabriel's Mors were leading an incredible recovery, surpassing 25 cars and achieving a spot in the first ten drivers. Another incredible feat was achieved by Marcel Renault, who started in the 60th position but managed to almost reach the race leaders at the control point of Poitiers. Outside of the leading positions, the accidents continued throughout the day; cars hit trees and disintegrated, they overturned", "for the drivers. After the first control point in Rambouillet, and the second in Chartres the crowd became less dense. Just after Rambouillet, Louis Renault's wild racing style allowed him to overcome both De Knyff and Jarrott, who were struggling for first place but keeping a more prudent stance to avoid the crowd. Thery and Stead followed at distance, while Jenatzy's Mercedes and Gabriel's Mors were leading an incredible recovery, surpassing 25 cars and achieving a spot in the first ten drivers. Another incredible feat was achieved by Marcel Renault, who started in the 60th position but managed to almost reach the race leaders at the control point of Poitiers. Outside of the leading positions, the accidents continued throughout the day; cars hit trees and disintegrated, they overturned and caught fire, axles broke and inexperienced drivers crashed on the rough roads. Louis Renault reached Bordeaux in first place at noon, while Jarrott, who was racing with a defective clutch and was troubled by mechanical problems to the engine and exhaust, arrived half an hour later followed by Gabriel, Salleron, Baras, de Crawhez, Warden, Rougier, Jenatzy and Voigt. All the drivers were physically exhausted: the cars were heavy, and required a great deal of force to maneuver. Dust made their eyes sore, and many of them had had issues with the engines and burned their hands while fixing them. Gabriel, who left as 168th and arrived third, was later recognized as the winner when the time slips were tallied up. A few big names had to withdraw, and news slowly started coming to the finishing line. Vanderbilt broke a cylinder on his Mors, and had to leave the race. Baron de Caters's Mercedes hit a tree, but was unhurt and probably was fixing the car to keep racing. Lady race car driver Camille du Gast (Crespin) was placed as high as 8th in her 30 hp De Dietrich until she stopped to help fellow driver E. T. Stead (Phil Stead) who had crashed. She finished 45th. Charles Jarrott, who finished fourth overall with his de Dietrich, asserted that Stead would have died if she had not stopped. News of an accident at Ablis arrived: a woman was hit by a car and injured. This later was found to be false. Someone started talking about an accident involving Marcel Renault; with his incredibly fast pace he should have already arrived by that time, but was still missing. News arrived stating that he had an accident at Couhé Vérac. He would die 48 hours later, never regaining consciousness. There is a memorial at the place where his accident occurred on the RN 10 road in the Poitou-Charentes region of France. This monument was destroyed by the Germans during World War II. Porter's Wolseley was destroyed at a rail crossing where the bar was unexpectedly down. The car hit it and overturned, killing his mechanic. Georges Richard hit a tree in Angoulême, trying to avoid a farmer standing in the middle of the road, and news came that in Châtellerault Tourand's Brunhot had hit spectators while avoiding a child who crossed the road. A soldier named Dupuy intervened and saved the child, but was killed and the car lost control, killing a spectator. Further south, another car left the road and went into a group of spectators. Two people were said to be killed in the crowd. E.T. Stead, (Phil Stead) in the massive De Dietrich, lost control while overtaking another car in Saint-Pierre-du-Palais, and was injured. He was rescued and tended to by the only lady competitor Camille du Gast. The third De Dietrich driven by Loraine Barrow crashed into a tree and was said to have blown up, wounding the driver and killing the mechanic. Barrow had been in bad health before the race, but had to leave nevertheless since the rules forbade a driver change. Rolls's Panhard-Levassor, Mayhew's Napier, Maurice Farman's Panhard, the Wolseleys of Herbert Austin and Sidney Girling, Béconnais's Darracq all had major technical issues, and had to retire. Overall, half the cars had crashed or retired, and at least twelve people were presumed dead, and over 100 wounded. The actual count was lower, with eight people dead, three spectators and five racers. The French Parliament reacted strongly to the news of the numerous accidents. An emergency Council of Ministers was called, and the officers were forced to shut down the race in Bordeaux, transfer the cars to Spanish territory and restart from the border to Madrid. The Spanish government denied permission for this, and the race was declared officially over in Bordeaux. The race was called off, and by order of the French Government the cars were impounded and towed to the rail station by horses and transported to Paris by train. (The cars' engines were not even allowed to be restarted.) Newspapers and experts declared the \"death of sport racing\". It was commonly thought that no other races would be allowed, and for many years this was true: there would not be another race on public highways until the 1927 \"Mille Miglia\". The effects of the race extended to automobile regulations. Motions to outlaw speeding by car at over were proposed, some calling for the ban to be enforced in races, too. While some newspapers, such as \"Le Temps\", used the disaster in a demagogic way to attack the car fashion and the race world, other (such as \"la Presse\") tried to downplay the issue, stating that just 3 \"involuntary\" victims, the spectators, had been sacrificed on the \"altar of Progress\". \"La Liberté\" rejected the call for a ban on sport races, since automobile manufacturing was a source of French pride, and the socialist \"Petite Republique\" defended the car as a mean of mass empowerment and freedom from work fatigue. \"Le Matin\" supported the opinion first stated by the Marquis de Dion, that speed races were useless, both as a publicity stunt and as testbed for technological improvement. The only useful races were the endurance and fuel efficiency ones. There was a bit of truth in the opinion that race cars had very little in common with common commercial cars, with their oversized engines and extreme solutions. A specialized magazine, \"L'Auto\", tried to reach consensus on a new set of rules for sport races; fewer drivers and cars, classes based on speed and power (not just weight), and the public placed far away from the race course. The first fair and authoritative analysis came from \"La Locomotion Automobile\", which identified the causes of the disaster. The massacre was due to a few concurrent factors: The police force was accused of being more interested in the race than the public safety, forgetting to intervene when people crossed the road or stood in it. The organization was held responsible for poor choices. The random start order was a mess, since faster and more powerful cars were mixed with slower and smaller ones, causing many unneeded overtakings. Some drivers (such as Mouter in the De Dietrich) managed to advance almost 80 places, just because they started far back and had many small cars and amateur drivers ahead. The interval between starts was reduced to one minute only, worsening the dust problem and randomly mixing in motorcycles, \"voiturettes\" and race cars. The rule preventing a driver change before the race start was also under scrutiny. Some drivers, it was said including Marcel Renault, had health problems at the start line but had to race because the brands could not retire a vehicle, and no driver change was possible. The London's weekly magazine \"The Car\" verified the death claims, discovering that some of them were only rumours, and investigated the actual causes. In the Angoulême accident killing the soldier and a spectator, it was discovered that the child was at fault, having crossed the road after escaping his parents. The accident at the rail cross that occurred to Porter was a fault of the organization, since the cross was not attended. The leading hypothesis about a loss of control due to a mechanical failure was dismissed. Barrow's car did not blow up,", "change before the race start was also under scrutiny. Some drivers, it was said including Marcel Renault, had health problems at the start line but had to race because the brands could not retire a vehicle, and no driver change was possible. The London's weekly magazine \"The Car\" verified the death claims, discovering that some of them were only rumours, and investigated the actual causes. In the Angoulême accident killing the soldier and a spectator, it was discovered that the child was at fault, having crossed the road after escaping his parents. The accident at the rail cross that occurred to Porter was a fault of the organization, since the cross was not attended. The leading hypothesis about a loss of control due to a mechanical failure was dismissed. Barrow's car did not blow up, it hit a dog while avoiding another one and crashed into a tree, but did not explode or burn. The idea of an engine exploding had great appeal to the public, but was a product of ignorance and hype. Marcel Renault's and Stead's accidents were the only true racing incidents, and were both due to the excessive dust impairing visibility during an overtaking. The blame was put on the officers and the rules, and the death toll was deemed surprisingly low given those premises. French Prime Minister Émile Combes, was accused of being partially responsible, because he agreed to allow the race to proceed. He tried to explain that he did not know cars could be so fast and dangerous. He claimed to be against any restriction on the automotive makers, and both Parliament and Senate agreed with a formal vote in support of his decision. Just a few days after the disaster, the newspapers lost interest in the Paris–Madrid race. The sport pages were all about another race, at the Ardennes racetrack the following June 22. Paris–Madrid race The Paris–Madrid race of May 1903 was an early experiment in auto racing, organized by the Automobile Club de France (ACF) and the Spanish Automobile Club, Automóvil Club Español. At the time in France there was a great interest in international car races. In" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Boat Race 1949 The 95th Boat Race took place on 26 March 1949. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames in London. The race, umpired by the former Oxford rower Guy Oliver Nickalls, was notable as the commentator for the BBC, John Snagge announced \"I can't see who's in the lead, but it's either Oxford or Cambridge.\" Cambridge won by a quarter of a length, the narrowest margin of victory since the 1877 race which was officially recorded as a dead heat. The victory took the overall record in the event to 51–43 in their favour. The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the \"Dark Blues\") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the \"Light Blues\"). First held in 1829, the race takes place on the Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1948 race by five lengths, with Cambridge leading overall with 50 victories to Oxford's 43 (excluding the \"dead heat\" of 1877). Cambridge were coached by R. Beesly (who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1927, 1928 and 1929 races), W. L. S. Flemming, Mike Nicholson (non-rowing boat club president for the 1947 race), Harold Rickett (who had rowed three times between 1930 and 1932), and M. H. Warriner (a three-time Blue between 1928 and 1930). Oxford's coaches were Hugh \"Jumbo\" Edwards (who had rowed for Oxford in 1926 and 1930), F. E. Hellyer (who had coached Cambridge on five previous occasions), A. McCulloch (who had rowed in the 1908 race) and J. MacNabb (who had coached Cambridge between 1930 and 1932). The race was umpired by Guy Oliver Nickalls who had rowed for Oxford in the 1921, 1922 and 1923 races. Writing in \"The Observer\", G. I. F. Thomson noted that \"neither crew contains an oarsman of any exceptional power, distinction or reputation\" yet both crews had improved in form since their arrival at Putney. The rowing correspondent for \"The Manchester Guardian\" praised the quality of the final coaching on the Thames, and stated that \"there has been no threat of influenza, and no last-minute change in the constitution of either crew\". He went on to claim that \"Oxford should win\". \"The Times\" rowing correspondent suggested that the crews were \"extraordinarily evenly matched\". The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 12 st 10.75 lb (80.9 kg), per rower more than their opponents. Oxford's crew contained five participants with prior Boat Race experience, including cox Alastair Palsgrave-Brown. Cambridge saw one rower return to the crew in number five Paul Bircher. The Light Blue's crew contained three Olympic medallists: Brian Lloyd, Bircher and Paul Massey won silver when they finished second in the men's eight at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Middlesex station, handing the Surrey side of the river to Cambridge. The umpire, Nickalls, started the race at 11:30 a.m. The Dark Blues took an early lead and were half a length ahead after the first minute of the race. They were clear of Cambridge by Craven Steps, and by the time the crews passed the Mile Post, were a length ahead. In the headwind along Chiswick Reach, and with the bend in the river in their favour, Cambridge slowly redressed the balance and by Chiswick Eyot they had begun to overlap Oxford's boat. By the bottom of Dukes Meadows, Oxford's lead was down to half a length and as Cambridge out-rated their opponents, they drew level and passed under Barnes Bridge side by side. Despite numerous spurts from Oxford's stroke Davidge, Cambridge kept in touch and \"were fighting every inch of the way\". Commentating for the BBC on a launch whose engine had failed, John Snagge announced \"I can't see who's in the lead, but it's either Oxford or Cambridge.\" Both crews were rating over 33 strokes per minute as they approached the finishing post, with the Light Blues just edging ahead to win by a quarter of a length in a time of 18 minutes 57 seconds. The winning distance was the narrowest since the \"dead heat\" result of the 1877 Race. It was Cambridge's third consecutive victory and took the overall record in the event to 51–43 in their favour. The rowing correspondent for \"The Manchester Guardian\" suggested that this was a race that \"will never be forgotten\", while the correspondent for \"The Times\" claimed that \"1949 must go down in Boat Race history as having provided one of the epic struggles of all time.\" G. I. F. Thomson, writing in \"The Observer\", stated that \"heroic determination on both sides ... produced perhaps the most exciting Boat Race of all time.\" Notes Bibliography The Boat Race 1949 The 95th Boat Race took place on 26 March 1949. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames in London. The race, umpired by the former Oxford rower Guy Oliver Nickalls, was notable as the commentator for the BBC, John Snagge announced \"I" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Ruby Lin discography The discography of Ruby Lin, a Taiwanese singer, contains studio albums, Repackage albums, music videos, sound tracks and a number of other appearances. In 1999 Lin entered the music industry with her first EP, \"Hearings\". Despite having only five songs the EP sold well in Hong Kong and Taiwan; it earned Lin several awards in Hong Kong, including Best Newcomer of the Year. The following year, TVB Solid Gold awarded her its Most Popular New Singer Award and Radio Television HK presented Lin with its Most Promising New Singer Bronze Award. However, due to a conflict between her record label and management company Lin began searching for a new label to produce her next album. In 2001 (after a two-year hiatus) Lin signed a contract with BMG Taiwan and released her second album, \"face 2 face\" (雙面林心如). A few days later, the \"Para Para\" Special Edition was also released. Both albums received awards from the Hong Kong music industry. Following the two albums, Lin began focusing more on her acting career. Although she is under contract for four albums with BMG, Lin has little time to continue her singing career. As a result, in 2004 BMG released the soundtrack for the television series \"Half Life Fate\" rather than requiring Lin to record a third studio album. In the soundtrack, Lin sang five songs; the opening theme, \"Half of Fate\", earned her the Best Film and Television Song Award. At the end of November 2008 Lin returned to music after a further four-year break with her new album, \"New Rubyology\"(新如主義). This time, she took an active role in the production process - song selection, recording, and music-video planning - to create an album more representative of her character and style. Behind the album was a production team including Chinese musicians such as Chen Bao Guo and Chen Sun Hua, who previously worked with Jolin Tsai, Elva Hsiao, and Stefanie Sun. Fans and critics observed that Lin's new album showed a more mature and expressive singing technique. Her album cut \"Onion Soup\" (洋蔥濃湯) led the China Music Song Chart(中国歌曲联) for three weeks. At the 12th M-Zone music award, Lin won the Golden Melody and Entertainer of the Year Awards. Besides studio albums and soundtracks, Ruby Lin sang a number of promo songs, TV shows or movie theme songs which didn't appear on any album or soundtracks. Ruby Lin discography" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Leonard Slatkin Leonard Edward Slatkin (born September 1, 1944) is an American conductor, author and composer. Slatkin was born in Los Angeles to a musical family that came from areas of the Russian Empire now in Ukraine. His father, Felix Slatkin, was the violinist, conductor and founder of the Hollywood String Quartet, and his mother, Eleanor Aller, was the cellist with the quartet. His brother, Frederick, now a cellist, traced the family's original name as Zlotkin, and adopted that form of the family surname for himself professionally. Frederick Zlotkin has spoken of the family lineage as follows: Slatkin studied at Indiana University and Los Angeles City College before attending the Juilliard School where he studied conducting under Jean Morel. He also studied with Walter Susskind at the Aspen Music Festival and School. His conducting debut was in 1966 when he became artistic director and conductor of the award-winning New York Youth Symphony, and in 1968, Walter Susskind named him the assistant conductor of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. While in St. Louis, Slatkin hosted for three years a weekly KDNA radio station program called The Slatkin Project. He left St. Louis in 1977 to become music director of the New Orleans Symphony. He led a series of Beethoven festivals with the San Francisco Symphony during the late 1970s and early 1980s. These annual concerts, held during June, included the orchestra's final concert in San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House in 1980, which featured a performance of Beethoven's ninth symphony. Slatkin returned to Saint Louis in 1979 as music director of the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra. The national profile of the orchestra increased notably under his tenure, and the SLSO became one of the most acclaimed orchestras in the country. The ensemble toured and recorded frequently, and impressed critics and audiences alike with its fine musicianship and creative musical direction. In 1985, he recorded the first digital stereo version of Tchaikovsky's \"The Nutcracker\" with the SLSO. (This was also the first complete \"Nutcracker\" issued on compact disc.) Upon the conclusion of his tenure in 1996, he became the SLSO's conductor laureate. His recorded work with that orchestra was represented on RCA Victor Red Seal, EMI, Vox Records, and Telarc. Slatkin became a devoted fan of the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team during his tenure in St Louis, and has retained his interest in the Cardinals since his departure from St Louis. Slatkin was the director of the Blossom Festival of the Cleveland Orchestra from 1990 to 1999. Slatkin was music director of the National Symphony Orchestra in Washington, D.C. from 1996 to 2008. Noted for putting the “national” back in National Symphony with programs highlighting twentieth-century American works, Slatkin received both praise for improving the overall quality of the orchestra and criticism for under-rehearsal of the NSO. In 2000, Slatkin became the chief conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 2001, he was only the second non-British person to conduct the Last Night of the Proms (the first had been an Australian, Sir Charles Mackerras). This performance occurred in the wake of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, and included changes to the traditional second half of the concert, most notably a performance of the Barber Adagio for Strings in honor of the victims. He held this post until September 11, 2004, the 110th Last Night. There were reports of tension between Slatkin and the orchestra, whose secure finances were said to have \"fostered a culture of superiority and recalcitrance,\" as well as negative concert reviews, which contributed to his short tenure with the BBCSO. Previously in the UK, Slatkin was principal guest conductor of the Philharmonia Orchestra from 1997 to 2000 and made a series of digital recordings for RCA with them, including the symphonies of Ralph Vaughan Williams. In 2004, the Los Angeles Philharmonic named him principal guest conductor at the Hollywood Bowl for a two-year period; he was subsequently given a third year in the position, with his tenure ending in September 2007. In 2005, he became the principal guest conductor of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London. In 2006, Slatkin was named the music advisor to the Nashville Symphony Orchestra. In that capacity, he conducted the inaugural concert of the Schermerhorn Symphony Center on September 9, 2006. In June 2007, Slatkin was announced as the next Principal Guest Conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, and he assumed this post in 2008. On October 27, 2006, the Jacobs School of Music announced the appointment of Slatkin to the faculty at Indiana University as a part-time teacher of conducting and composition. On October 7, 2007, Slatkin announced he had reached agreement on a three-year contract, followed by a two-year option, to become the new music director of the Detroit Symphony Orchestra, beginning with the 2008-2009 subscription season. Slatkin stated that he would relocate to the Detroit area. His contract in Detroit called for 5 weeks of subscription concerts in the 2008-2009 season, and 13 weeks in the 2009-2010 season. Slatkin conducted his first concert as music director in Detroit in December 2008. In February 2010, the orchestra announced the extension of Slatkin's contract as music director through the 2012-2013 season. This also included an announcement that Slatkin would take a salary reduction to help relieve the financial difficulties of the orchestra. In November 2011, the orchestra announced the extension of Slatkin's Detroit contract through the 2015-2016 season. In December 2014, the DSO announced the extension of his contract through August 2017, when it then becomes year-to-year. Slatkin stated that the projected year-to-year part of the contract did not mean that he planned to leave, only that at his age \"it makes more sense to stay flexible.\" He also said, \"We’re in the fun part right now.\" In December 2015, the DSO announced an extension of Slatkin's contract as music director through the 2017-2018 season, after which time he is scheduled to relinquish the music directorship of the orchestra and to become its first-ever music director laureate, holding the latter post at least through the 2019-2020 season. In the music director laureate role, he will program and conduct four weeks a season and advise on artistic and personnel matters. Slatkin is credited with having rebuilt the DSO after a six-month strike and elevating it as a pillar of civic pride through innovative live webcasts and engaging community programming. Slatkin's compositions include \"The Raven\" (1971) for narrator and orchestra after Edgar Allan Poe, and \"Kinah\" (2015), an elegy dedicated to the memory of his parents, which received its world premiere with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra in December 2015. He published his debut book, \"Conducting Business: Unveiling the Mystery Behind the Maestro,\" in 2012. In addition to his earlier Saint Louis recordings for RCA and EMI, Slatkin has conducted several recordings for the Naxos label, including the first commercial recording of William Bolcom's \"Songs of Innocence and of Experience,\" which received Grammy awards for Best Classical Album and Best Choral Performance. On November 1, 2009, Slatkin suffered a heart attack while conducting in the Netherlands. In May 2010, the Orchestre National de Lyon announced the appointment of Slatkin as its music director, effective with the 2011-2012 season. With the ONL, he has recorded works by Saint-Saëns, Ravel, and Berlioz on the Naxos label. In April 2016, the ONL announced that Slatkin is to stand down as music director after the 2016-2017 season, and subsequently to take the title of \"Directeur musical honoraire\" of the ONL. Slatkin has been married four times. His first three marriages, to Beth Gootee, to Jerilyn Cohen, and to soprano Linda Hohenfeld, ended in divorce. He has a son, Daniel, from his", "and of Experience,\" which received Grammy awards for Best Classical Album and Best Choral Performance. On November 1, 2009, Slatkin suffered a heart attack while conducting in the Netherlands. In May 2010, the Orchestre National de Lyon announced the appointment of Slatkin as its music director, effective with the 2011-2012 season. With the ONL, he has recorded works by Saint-Saëns, Ravel, and Berlioz on the Naxos label. In April 2016, the ONL announced that Slatkin is to stand down as music director after the 2016-2017 season, and subsequently to take the title of \"Directeur musical honoraire\" of the ONL. Slatkin has been married four times. His first three marriages, to Beth Gootee, to Jerilyn Cohen, and to soprano Linda Hohenfeld, ended in divorce. He has a son, Daniel, from his past marriage to Hohenfeld. Slatkin married his fourth wife, the composer Cindy McTee, on 20 November 2011. Leonard Slatkin Leonard Edward Slatkin (born September 1, 1944) is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Parley's Canyon Parley's Canyon is a canyon located in the U.S. state of Utah. The canyon provides the route of Interstate 80 (I-80) (and previously the Lincoln Highway, U.S. Route 40, and a railroad) up the western slope of the Wasatch Mountains and is a relatively wide, straight canyon other than near its mouth. The mountain pass at the top of the canyon is known as Parley's Summit. With an elevation of , the pass is the highest point along I-80 in the state of Utah. Both features are named for Parley P. Pratt, an early settler of the Salt Lake Valley and Mormon leader who surveyed the area to find a better transportation route through the Wasatch Mountains than the previous route which traversed Emigration Canyon. Parley's Canyon begins where I-215 merges into I-80 in Salt Lake City and ends at Parley's Summit. The lower part of the canyon is relatively twisty and narrow and had to be dynamited to make way for I-80. Despite this, the interstate remains six or more lanes wide throughout the canyon; it is built over Parley's Creek in many places. Work is also underway to extend the Parley's Trail multi-use path through this segment to improve non-motorized access. The canyon widens dramatically near Mountain Dell Dam and Utah State Route 65 (SR-65) splits from the freeway (which turns southeast temporarily) to provide access to Morgan County to the northeast. SR-65 also provides a connection to a local road leading over the ridge to Emigration Canyon in the same area where the Mormon trail crossed into that canyon. Little Dell Dam can be seen higher up on the side of Parley's Canyon in this area. As the freeway turns back toward the east, there is also an exit for the road leading up Lambs Canyon (a side canyon of Parley's Canyon). The area around Parley's Summit is part of the Summit Park census-designated place (CDP). However, this area is more commonly referred to as Jeremy Ranch or Parley's Summit. Here the canyon is wide enough to form large communities along the sides of the freeway along the gentle mountain slopes. On the other side of the summit the freeway continues into the Snyderville Basin, which is where the popular resort town of Park City is located. Also within the basin is the ski jump built for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games and the large shopping district that has manifested itself around Kimball Junction. The canyon receives its name from Parley P. Pratt who was assigned to explore the canyon, called Big Canyon at the time, and to build a toll road, called the Golden Pass Toll Road. Construction on the road started in 1848 and was completed in 1850. The road through Parley's Canyon became the primary route into the Salt Lake Valley, surpassing the original route through Emigration Canyon. The canyon was used by a narrow gauge spur line owned by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad from Salt Lake to Park City (the Salt Lake and Park City Railway). However, with its steep grades the line was unable to compete with the Union Pacific's line, (via Coalville, connecting to the UP main at Echo). Although the D&RG considered rebuilding their line to standard gauge, the line was abandoned before these plans were implemented. Some remnants of the D&RG line through Parley's Canyon, namely the cuts for the horseshoe curves, are in use by local roads and visible off the shoulder of the freeway. Parley's Canyon Parley's Canyon is a canyon located in the U.S. state of Utah. The canyon provides the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Noah Okafor Noah Okafor (born 24 May 2000 in Binningen) is a Swiss footballer who plays as midfielder for FC Basel. Born in Binningen, Switzerland, Okafor is of Nigerian descent. His father is from Nigeria and his mother is Swiss. Okafor played his first football by local team FC Arisdorf. In 2009 he moved to FC Basel continued through all the teams of their youth academy. On 31 January 2018 Okafor signed his first professional contract with his club. He played his debut for their first team on 19 Mai 2018 in the home game against FC Luzern. Trainer Raphaël Wicky substituted him in for the injured Mohamed Elyounoussi in the 34th minute and the game ended in a 2–2 draw. He scored his first goal for his club in the second round of the 2018/19 season on 28 July 2018 in the 1–1 away draw against Xamax. Okafur played various international games for the Swiss U-15 and U-17 teams. He played his first game for the U-18 team on 9 May 2018 in the 1–1 draw against the Italian U-18 team. Noah Okafor Noah Okafor (born 24 May 2000 in Binningen) is a Swiss footballer who plays as midfielder" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Manhattan mobility model The Manhattan mobility model is a guide which leads the driver of a vehicle on the correct path. It is an urban type of mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). The Manhattan mobility model uses a \"grid road topology. It works optimally where streets are in an organized manner. In this mobility model, mobile nodes move in horizontal or vertical direction on an urban map. The Manhattan model employs a probabilistic approach in the selection of nodes movements since, at each intersection, a vehicle chooses to keep moving in the same direction. The probability of going straight is 0.5 and taking a left or right is 0.25 each. The Manhattan model is not suitable for highway systems. Although this model provides flexibility for the nodes to change the direction, it imposes geographic restrictions on node mobility. Manhattan mobility model The Manhattan mobility model is a guide which leads the driver of a vehicle on the correct path. It is an urban type of mobility model for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET). The Manhattan mobility model uses a \"grid road topology. It works optimally where streets are in an organized manner. In this mobility model, mobile nodes move" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Clyde Boats Clyde Boats was a small, privately owned, custom boat company located in Detroit, Michigan. For nearly fifty years it produced custom mahogany motorboats for clients in the Great Lakes area. Clyde Boats was founded in 1928 in the living room of founder Clyde Rummney's Michigan home near the shores of Lake St. Clair. Mr. Rummney's first boats were small rowboats made primarily for himself and friends. By the early 1930s Mr. Rummney had relocated to Gibraltar, Michigan, and soon began renting space in a small building on Livernois Avenue in Detroit where he switched from row boats to producing custom-order mahogany boats with outboard engines. Clyde Boats were soon available in three sizes; 12', 14', and 16'. Each boat began as a wooden \"tub\" constructed of moulded plywood and built by fishermen in Nova Scotia. Some were Ashcroft hulls, with the inner and outer layer running on the same bias, overlapping the seams, while others were cold molded hulls. The boats were soon known for their speed, compared to other boats of their size. The secret was 5 Ply Moulded Marine Aircraft Birch, which was very light, and strong. At the Clyde factory the keel was added, then the boat would be completed using the customer's choice of accessories. At first, all boats were made to order, with no \"tub\" or supplies purchased until an order was placed, but by World War II the company had begun using the winter months when business was slow to construct boats to a factory standard that could be sold as factory models, or finished with additional details of the customer's choosing. By the start of World War II Clyde Boats was building and selling around 40 boats a month. The factory building was soon purchased by Clyde Rummney. While competitors like Chris-Craft moved to larger production facilities and greater output, Clyde Boats remained small, with only three or four employees. Clyde Rummney himself did most of the designing, building, and selling of his products. Little effort was made to promote Clyde Boats beyond the Detroit area. The small size and exclusive nature of the company's products was attractive to many of its clients, and helped Clyde Boats maintain its reputation for exclusive, custom-made mahogany boats for the wealthy. It also kept overhead to a minimum, and, as the company's prices rose, so too did its profits. Unlike its competitors, Clyde Boats did no military work during World War II. Its small size left it unattractive for military contracts and allowed the company to continue producing the exclusive mahogany boats its customers demanded, while other companies that relied on higher output were forced to produce military products because of reduced consumer demand. On the contrary, demand for Clyde Boats actually rose during the War years due to the unavailability of boats from other manufacturers. By the end of World War II Clyde Rummney was forced to move his company to a larger production facility down the road at 8600 Livernois Avenue, which he purchased outright. By the early 1950s Clyde Boats was secure in its position as a unique custom boat builder in the Detroit area. Its clientele were often repeat buyers, purchasing their second or third Clyde boats. The company continued to manufacture the same 12', 14' and 16' models, though each continued to be produced with unique details to satisfy the customer's demands. The diversity of outboard engines also meant greater power was available, though many Clyde Boats were purchased without engines, which were added later by the owner. A small number of standard models built during the winter continued to be available. Clyde Boats continued its operations, using largely the same methods and tools right up until its closing in 1971. Like many cottage businesses, it closed its doors with the retirement of its owner, Clyde Rummney, who lived only two more years after the closing, and died in 1973. All Clyde Boats were finished in natural mahogany. None were ever painted at the factory. The Company's logo was a flying seagull with the word \"CLYDE\" in block letters across it. Never common, even in the Detroit area, Clyde Boats are very rare today. Total production figures have been lost, but the company claimed to have built over 10,000 boats total from 1928 until closing in 1971. Clyde Boats Clyde Boats was a small, privately owned, custom boat company located in Detroit, Michigan. For nearly fifty years it produced custom mahogany motorboats for clients in the Great Lakes area. Clyde Boats was founded in 1928 in the living room of founder Clyde Rummney's Michigan home near the shores of Lake St. Clair. Mr. Rummney's first boats were small rowboats made primarily for himself and friends. By the early 1930s Mr. Rummney had relocated to Gibraltar, Michigan, and soon began" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Regional development agency In the United Kingdom, regional development agencies (RDAs) were nine non-departmental public bodies established for the purpose of development, primarily economic, of England's Government Office regions between 1998 and 2010. There was one RDA for each of the NUTS level 1 regions of England. Similar activities were carried out in Wales by the Welsh Government Department of Economy and Transport, in Northern Ireland by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment and in Scotland by Scottish Enterprise and Highlands and Islands Enterprise. In June 2010 the UK government announced the abolition of the RDAs which took place on 31 March 2012, with a view to reducing the government deficit; similar economic development would be undertaken by local councils and local enterprise partnerships (LEPs). There was no direct replacement for the RDAs as LEPs did not at first receive funding from central government, and local councils did not receive an equivalent injection of income from central funds, having been called upon to make savings and support similar initiatives. Eight RDAs were created on 25 November 1998 following the Regional Development Agencies Act 1998. In subsequent years their scope and powers were enhanced, and a ninth agency, for London, was established in July 2000. The statutory objectives of the RDAs were: They took over responsibility from Government Offices for administering European Union regional development funds. The RDAs were funded from HM Treasury via six central government departments: The funding from these departments was pooled, and then allocated to the individual RDAs. The total funding known as the 'Single Pot' was as below. In 2009 a study by accountants PriceWaterhouseCoopers showed that RDAs were generating £1 for the local economy for every £1 of public spending, though this figure was estimated to rise to £4.50 when long-term investments in infrastructure matured. Eight of the nine RDAs reported to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS), the exception being the London Development Agency (LDA), which reported directly to the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Each RDA was led by a chair and a board of 15 people, appointed by BIS ministers (except in London, where the mayor appointed). The RDA chairs were all business people, while the boards were made up of representatives of business, local government, trade unions and voluntary organisations. The day-to-day running of the RDA was the responsibility of the Chief Executive who was appointed by the board, subject to approval by BIS ministers (or the London Mayor in the case of the LDA). The objectives of the RDAs were set out in the Regional Economic Strategy (RES) of each region. The RES was a document created and maintained by the RDA for the whole region, i.e. it was not simply a document to guide the RDA, it was intended to guide the work of other organisations also. Each RDA updated their RES on a regular basis (approximately every three years) by consulting widely with their partners, and stakeholders in the region, including local government, voluntary organisations, private organisations, and other interested groups. The RES was submitted to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills for formal approval. The RDAs sought to achieve their objectives in a variety of ways. The most obvious of these was by funding projects aimed at addressing them, either directly from the RDA, or indirectly through a funded body. Secondly, they sought to influence other stakeholders in the region to take action themselves. Thirdly, they sought to influence the policies of central government where they might impact on the region. The RDAs worked together in a number of areas, with different RDAs taking the 'lead' role in varying policy areas. Additionally, the RDAs jointly funded a central secretariat to co-ordinate this activity. Finally, the three northern RDAs (Northwest Regional Development Agency, Yorkshire Forward and One NorthEast) collaborated on The Northern Way. Each RDA had a science and industry council (SIC) made up of business, university and public sector experts. Each SIC advised its RDA on science and innovation investments. Each region had a slightly different focus, but all SICs contributed to the national \"Technology Strategy\" (owned by the Technology Strategy Board). This was done via a strategic advisory group on which the chairs of each science and industry council sat. Following the June 2010 \"emergency\" budget, the coalition government announced its intention to replace the RDAs by smaller-scale partnerships between local authorities and businesses, known as local enterprise partnerships (LEPs). The RDAs were abolished on 31 March 2012. The Regional Development Agencies were: Regional development agency In the United Kingdom, regional development agencies (RDAs) were nine non-departmental public bodies established for the purpose of development, primarily economic, of England's Government Office regions between 1998 and 2010. There was one RDA for each of the NUTS level 1 regions of England." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Symphony No. 4 (Tansman) The Symphony No. 4 in C-sharp minor by Alexander Tansman was written between 1936 and 1939. In the meantine Tansman acquired French citizenship and married pianist Colette Cras, to whom the symphony is dedicated (\"À ma femme\"). Despite dating from his most successful period it wasn't premiered in his lifetime, only receiving its first performance in a 1998 studio recording by the Bamberg Symphony conducted by Israel Yinon, 12 years after the composer's death. It lasts around 20/25 minutes and consists of three movements: a tense Allegro with a somber slow introduction, an introspective Adagio for strings alone and a contrapuntal finale fusing baroque and jazz influences which has been compared to Hindemith. Symphony No. 4 (Tansman) The Symphony No. 4 in C-sharp minor by Alexander Tansman was written between 1936 and 1939. In the meantine Tansman acquired French citizenship and married pianist Colette Cras, to whom the symphony is dedicated (\"À ma femme\"). Despite dating from his most successful period it wasn't premiered in his lifetime, only receiving its first performance in a 1998 studio recording by the Bamberg Symphony conducted by Israel Yinon, 12 years after the composer's death. It lasts around 20/25 minutes" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Patricia Casey Patricia Rosarie Casey is an Irish psychiatrist, academic, journalist and conservative commentator on social issues. She is Professor of Psychiatry at University College Dublin and consultant psychiatrist at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin. She is known for her regular column with the \"Irish Independent\" newspaper, and her conservative views on a variety of social issues. Brought up in Ballynoe in County Cork, Casey's father was a council worker and farmer, while her mother worked as a public health nurse at a time when it was highly unusual for both parents to work outside the home. She has one sibling; a younger sister, Terry. Excelling at school, she went on to study medicine at University College Cork, graduating in 1976 with Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery. She is married to barrister John McGuiggan. Casey notes that she and her husband are at opposite ends of the political spectrum. Casey is a practising Roman Catholic. After graduating from medical school, Casey received specialist psychiatric and research training in Britain. Between 1977 and 1985 she held the positions of senior house officer, registrar, honorary senior registrar, and research fellow at Mapperley Hospital, Nottingham, and the Royal Edinburgh Hospital. From 1985 to 1991, she worked as a senior lecturer and consultant psychiatrist in the Department of Psychiatry at Cork University Hospital. She has been Professor of Psychiatry and director of an Acute Unit at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin since 1991. Casey has authored or co-authored several books and edits \"The Psychiatrist\", a publication of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Her clinical and research interests include depression, personality disorder and suicide prevention. From 1994 to 1999, she chaired the Irish Fitness to Practise Medical Council Committee. In 2007, The Dubliner magazine listed her in their \"Good Doctor Guide\". Casey is a patron and co-founder of the Iona Institute, a think tank, often described as a pressure group, which promotes a Catholic point of view. Casey is known for her opposition to divorce, advising the Irish government against holding a referendum to legalise divorce in 1995. She also maintains that \"the sense of loss children feel when parents separate is greater than when a parent dies\". She does not, however, disagree with divorce in the case of a violent or abusive spouse. Casey also opposes abortion, surrogate pregnancy, anonymous donor \"in vitro\" fertilisation, non-traditional family units, adoption by gay parents, and same-sex marriage. She is a proponent of heterosexual adoption. Casey has testified before the Irish Government, at the British House of Commons, and in Irish legal cases on a number of these issues, in particular suicide and deliberate self-harm. She also writes a regular opinion column for the Irish Independent newspaper and in the past has contributed to the Sunday Business Post and to the letters page of the Irish Times, as well as appearing on national television and radio. In a November 2009 interview on Newstalk's \"The Wide Angle\" programme, Casey criticised the way in which the Catholic Church dealt with child sexual abuse. She called for reform of the Church hierarchy in Ireland and for the resignation of bishops named in the Murphy Report. The Broadcasting Authority of Ireland later found the interview to have been conducted in an \"unfair and non-objective manner\" and described Karen Coleman's questioning of Casey as \"inappropriate\" and \"unjustified\". Newstalk broadcast an apology following the interview. In July 2012, Casey accused the Catholic Archbishop of Dublin Diarmuid Martin of undermining the confidence of young priests by both criticising them for being \"traditional\" and referring to them as \"fragile\". In addition she criticised him for being unable to talk about the Catholic Church in an \"upbeat\" way, offering \"no solutions\" and merely analysing problems rather than solving them. Responding on behalf of the Archbishop in August 2012, his Director of Communications accused Casey of \"mispresenting\" his comments, saying she had \"conveniently forgotten\" the Archbishop's upbeat comments at the Eucharistic Congress 2012. She also said Casey \"grossly misrepresented\" the Archbishop's comments on young priests being \"fragile\", saying \"his actual comments [...] indicate the opposite\". Swedish scientists faulted Casey for presenting their research data in order to support her position against same-sex marriage and same-sex couple adoption. Casey had made repeated reference to a parenting study from Uppsala University, Sweden, claiming that it showed that \"children...do best when raised by their married biological parents\". The University and the authors of the report rejected as invalid Casey's interpretation of their results. They have stated that her claim that children do better when raised by married heterosexuals is \"not valid based on our findings... no comparisons were made with gay or lesbian family constellations in the studies included in the review. Therefore, there is nothing whatsoever in our review that would justify the conclusion that same-sex parents cannot raise healthy children who do well.\" Anna Sarkadi, the study's lead author, also commented, \"I find it interesting that, since the report was published, we have been contacted by many ultra-conservative groups who are saying that it supports their point. But I think it's very important to be cautious about what conclusions you come to.\" Casey said that she was \"just taking the results of the report to its logical conclusion.\" Casey has claimed that a United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) report supported her position on same-sex parenting. This was disputed by the then Executive Director of UNICEF Ireland, Melanie Verwoerd. Verwoerd stated that \"Unicef does not make any judgments on the well being of children growing up with same-sex parents\" and that Casey's claim of UNICEF support was \"incorrect and unacceptable\". In the \"Irish Examiner\" newspaper of 13 May 1999, Casey was quoted as saying that counselling is a waste of time for treating depression. The journalist Caroline O'Doherty wrote that Casey, an advocate of Prozac and related SSRI treatments, was speaking following the publication of a study in the British Medical Journal which asserted that counselling had no benefits for patients with depression. Casey was referring to a study on depression published in the \"British Medical Journal\" on 1 May 1999 by Ulrik Fredrik Malt, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Oslo who provided expert evidence at the trial of Anders Behring Breivik. The only counselling involved in the study was the request that GPs be supportive during the consultation. Malt's paper clearly stated that specific forms of counselling were excluded from the study. In response to similar claims by Casey in the \"Sunday Business Post\" of 4 July 1999 ( \"'Counsellor, Heal Thyself\"' ), Ivor Browne, Casey's predecessor as Professor of Psychiatry at University College Dublin, wrote in the \"Sunday Business Post\" on 11 July 1999 that the reference to counselling in the paper was merely incidental and that the concern of the paper was a comparison of one anti-depressant with another, continuing that; Brown continued to note that there is a well established body of research demonstrating the effectiveness of counselling and psychotherapy and expressed his surprise that Casey was unaware of these studies. Patricia Casey Patricia Rosarie Casey is an Irish psychiatrist, academic, journalist and conservative commentator on social issues. She is Professor of Psychiatry at University College Dublin and consultant psychiatrist at" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Hemant Batra Hemant K. Batra (born 15 August 1967) is an Indian business, corporate and commercial lawyer. He is the founder and chairman of Kaden Boriss Global, a legal and business strategist organization of global law firms and offices, founded in 2003 by Hemant Batra and Preeti Batra. Kaden Boriss partnered with I-Inspire 2013, a national conference for women leaders, aiming to be a confluence of ideas, a convergence of thoughts and celebration of the spirit of diversity and entrepreneurship. Hemant holds a position as the Secretary General of SAARCLAW (South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation in Law). SAARCLAW is a regional Apex body of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). He is also the chairperson of the Organizing Council of International Infrastructure & Construction Law Arbitration Moot (IICLAM) and member of the advisory board of the Organisation for International Cooperation (OIC) based in New Jersey, US. IICLAM is a joint initiative of Kaden Boriss, National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC), Singapore. He is a recipient of the Mahatma Gandhi Seva Medal. Batra took over as the chairman of the panel of jury for the grant of Aces Awards for Corporate Excellence and Sustainability in Asia. \"We are committed to social justice and can play a key role in encouraging legal reforms and disseminating information on progressive decisions, related to human rights, across the legal community in South Asia,\" says Hemant Batra on UNDP website. Batra joined the advisory board of the pivotals, the first ever stakeholders engagement platform. In his role as a policy specialist and global business lawyer, he was invited to join the leadership team of a well known not for profit organization called Goeman Bind HTO. Batra was appointed in July 2017 as an active member of the Union of International Associations (UIA), the only appointment from India that year. He established his music label called Urf Hekbat to accomplish his passion of playing, composing and arranging lounge and new age music. This fact was disclosed by him in an interview given to a well known lawyers monthly magazine. He is also a sound recording artist. Batra is associated with National Law University, Delhi. Batra presented a paper on issues connected with WTO at the 10th SAARCLAW Conference held at Karachi on the theme, \"Leap Forward - Next Generation Laws\". 20 February 2004 The first annual Asia Entrepreneurship Forum (AEF), organised by Enterprise Asia kicked off on 19 September 2012. Five hundred of the region’s leading business leaders and industry thought leaders gathered in Macau, one of Asia’s fastest growing cities to discuss the future of entrepreneurship in Asia. Hemant K. Batra, Executive Managing Partner, Kaden Boriss, Secretary General at SAARCLAW spoke on legal and regulatory issues in mergers and acquisitions deals. Though not as a Secretary General of SAARCLAW but taking advantage of his standing in South Asia including Pakistan, he took up the issue of grant of mercy to the Indian prisoner Sarabjit Singh (now deceased). Batra has done substantial work for ensuring legal rights of people living with HIV and key populations at higher risk of exposure to HIV. Considered as one of the prominent authorities on cross-border issues connected with legal profession, he was invited by the Harvard Law School to share his thoughts with senior students on the Future Market for Corporate Legal Services in India. He has always mooted for opening up of the legal profession in India be it allowing foreign lawyers as well as showcasing. According to him medicine and law were once on the same footing as \"noble professions\" and as the corporatization of the medical profession has been permitted, the restrictions on lawyers are unjustified. These views were expressed by him to the Live Mint and the Wall Street Journal. Batra vociferously defended former IPL Chairman Lalit Modi in UK as well as in India. Three leading publications captured his interview, namely, India Today, Daily Mail UK and Tehelka. He recently mooted the idea of large scale repeal of laws. He supported and complimented the landmark initiative taken by the Narendra Modi Government in India in repealing obsolete laws. He also emphasized that repeal of laws is as significant as the passage of new laws. As Chairman of the Jury, Batra has propagated a policy change in the way businesses are run and managed. According to him a successful business goes beyound money making. Societal responsibilities are key to successful businesses. Hemant was born in Hisar located in the Indian state of Haryana, to Veena Batra and G.L Batra who was the Additional Secretary in the Indian parliament and Chairman of the Haryana State Public Service Commission. In 1988 he graduated with bachelor's degree in Humanities and in 1991 received his Bachelor of Law degree from Chandigarh Law faculty in Panjab University. Hemant Batra and his wife Preeti Wahi Batra, who is also a prominent commercial lawyer were interviewed by a leading international business magazine Outlook Money regarding changing trends in investing for the future of one's child. They have two children . Hemant has a fetish for electronic gadgets and changes them every six months. Hemant started his law practice in the year 1991 with Solicitors - Amarchand & Mangaldas & Suresh A Shroff & Co. Four years later he joined Kesar Dass B. & Associates and by year 2000 became a managing partner of its corporate office. In 2006, he founded an international law firm named Käden Boriss Legal. Kaden Boriss is a legal and business strategist firm with offices in India, Australia and UAE. A prominent Australian law firm LBR Legal merged its practice with Batra's law firm Kaden Boriss in 2010 when the Managing Partner of LBR Sunil Lal said that `if you can't beat Indians then best way is to join them'. Hemant has worked with many multinational firms such as Bayer, Suzuki, LG, Philip Morris (JV), Coca-Cola, Accor, Findel, AMEX, Western Union, ABB and Knight Frank. He has also been an advisor for various former Chief Justices of India, Senior Counsels and Members of the Indian Parliament. On the social front Hemant associated with United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNAIDS, and the World Bank by venturing into a very sensitive zone thereby discussing Human Rights Challenges Faced by Key Populations at Higher Risk of HIV. He has always propagated the idea of Parents respecting the sexual preferences of their kids. People find themselves so busy these days that they only have vague succession plans with no documentation. But irrespective of age (everyone) needs to keep his or her succession planning ready as death always comes unannounced, propagates Hemant Batra. Recently, one eminent lawyer from Cornell described Hemant as one of the best brains in the corporate transactional legal work. He is Goodwill Ambassador to the World NGO Day, headquartered in London.The World NGO Day is an international calendar day held on 27 February every year. For stronger, better & more effective civil society worldwide through an international annual calendar day for NGOs, NPOs and CSOs. WND Secretariat and SAARCLAW have entered into an MoU on 24 February 2012 to promote objectives of their respective organizations and also expand NGO horizons in India and the SAARC region. He was re-elected as the Secretary General of SAARCLAW on 12 April 2014 in Kathmandu when Indian and Pakistan came together to propose his name and Bangladesh/Bhutan seconded it. Hemant Batra as the Chairman of the prestigious panel of jury for the grant of Aces Awards for Corporate Excellence and Sustainability in Asia promoted the concept of excellence and sustainability in the corporate world terming it as integral part of good governance. He has started propogating that the concept of corporate governance does not merely relate to management of the", "annual calendar day for NGOs, NPOs and CSOs. WND Secretariat and SAARCLAW have entered into an MoU on 24 February 2012 to promote objectives of their respective organizations and also expand NGO horizons in India and the SAARC region. He was re-elected as the Secretary General of SAARCLAW on 12 April 2014 in Kathmandu when Indian and Pakistan came together to propose his name and Bangladesh/Bhutan seconded it. Hemant Batra as the Chairman of the prestigious panel of jury for the grant of Aces Awards for Corporate Excellence and Sustainability in Asia promoted the concept of excellence and sustainability in the corporate world terming it as integral part of good governance. He has started propogating that the concept of corporate governance does not merely relate to management of the companies but also excellence and sustainability. He heads the prominent jury in Asia, which identifies global business leaders who have shown signs of good govenance. It is noticed that Hemant has been unnecessarily critical of newer legislation and even verdicts passed by courts of law. As Secretary General of SAARCLAW, he made a controversial public statement that in south Asian region the parliamentarians were not able to meet up expectations of their people. He made a controversial statement in a leading English news paper The Tribune by expressing concern over the alleged ill-treatment of Mr Justice Rana Bhagwandas, the first Hindu to be appointed Acting Chief Justice of Pakistan, and his family members by immigration authorities at the Wagah border on March 29, 2006. He also released a very controversial report in collaboration with UNDP seeking stronger legal protection for women in health care settings. The report reflects many gaps in laws in South Asia and is very women specific and specific gender based thereby creating complete dissension amongst gender. This report has come under heavy criticism for being lope sided. Batra just wants to be in news by speaking on contentious and critically controversial issues. In 2007, he had made a sweeping allegation against residents of big cities stating that they had load of unaccounted cash monies which they were investing in far off agriculture lands located in remote states. He said that their motive was to eventually blend their black monies with agriculture income. He branded such people as money launderers. Batra was also quoted in The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting for having said that \"India is today the most isolated country within its region.\" This definitely was strong comment against India's foreign policy. During the 10th SAARC Chief Justices Conference, Hemant Batra made a sweeping statement regarding SAARCLAW's landmark achievement in getting 1 Million US$ grant from Asian Development Bank. Some delegates from Bangladesh were critical of SAARCLAW getting into a subordinate position to ADB because of this grant. Hemant Batra Hemant K. Batra (born 15 August 1967) is an Indian business, corporate and commercial lawyer. He is the founder and chairman of Kaden Boriss Global, a legal and business strategist organization of global law firms and offices, founded in 2003 by Hemant Batra and Preeti Batra. Kaden Boriss partnered with I-Inspire 2013, a national conference for women leaders, aiming to be a confluence of ideas, a convergence of thoughts and celebration of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church The Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church was a Christian denomination of the Reformed tradition founded in late 2004. The first member churches were received in 2005. According to information on its website, the ERPC's formation was in response to a perceived acceptance by churches such as the Orthodox Presbyterian Church and Presbyterian Church in America of departures from Biblical doctrine in a number of areas, including: The ERPC was governed by a General Synod, presbyteries, and elders (sessions) elected by the local congregations. Under the denomination's \"Form of Government\", local congregations delegated specific and limited powers to presbyteries and synods, designed to promote orthodoxy, evangelism, and the spiritual well-being of the membership while strongly limiting denominational bureaucracy. The ERPC was dissolved by a vote of member churches at a meeting of the Presbytery in October, 2015. The meeting was held at Grace Presbyterian Church in Hanover, Pennsylvania on October 16, 2015. Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church The Evangelical Reformed Presbyterian Church was a Christian denomination of the Reformed tradition founded in late 2004. The first member churches were received in 2005. According to information on its website, the ERPC's formation was in response to a perceived acceptance by" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick (a.k.a. Marshmallow Moon in the UK and the Philippines and Härkiä, heiniä ja hakkailua in Finland) is a musical and was a 1952 'hillbilly' movie made by Paramount Pictures, directed by Claude Binyon and produced by William Perlberg and George Seaton. It is based on a 1919 play by Walter Benjamin Hare which was one of the most produced plays in the history of American theater with 40,000 performances, as of 1952, mainly by amateur groups. The cinematography was by Charles Lang and the costume design by Edith Head. A dreamy farm widow, played by Shore, is obsessed with moving to the city. She is courted by shy-bumpkin neighbor (Young). She is almost tricked out of her oil-rich land by crooks (Merrill and Jergens) who alone know about the oil. The film stars Alan Young, Dinah Shore and Robert Merrill. Supporting are Adele Jergens, Minerva Urecal, Martha Stewart (not to be confused with Martha Stewart, television host and home-decorating mogul), and Veda Ann Borg. Alan Young had previously appeared in only three films–in the 1940s and all supporting roles. Dinah Shore had only acted eight years previously, in \"Up in Arms\" (1944) and \"Belle of the Yukon\" (1944), and this was her last major film role. The film also marked the debut of opera star Robert Merrill. \"Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick\" had an unfortunate release. Produced in Technicolor as an A production, its boxoffice failed in its initial playdates. The film thereafter opened as a B movie. Bosley Crowther of \"The New York Times\" wrote in his April 19, 1952 review: \"Claude Binyon, who wrote and directed, must have done so in a stultifying trance; not a trace of his well-known wit or drollery is evident in this film. And the songs, which are woodenly delivered by Miss Shore, Mr. Young and Robert Merrill, who plays the city rascal, are hard to remember as far as the door.\" \"Variety\" was lukewarm, reporting: \"The bucolic humor presented is of a mild brand, the music score that has been added to the original play is fair, and while the performances are competent its chances in the general market are spotty.\" \"Harrison's Reports\" wrote that it should give \"fairly good satisfaction to the general run of audiences, although it will probably find its best reception in the smaller towns and cities.\" John McCarten of \"The New Yorker\" wrote: \"Every cliché of musical barnyard drama is included here, and the song lyrics run to such idiocies as 'Purt Nigh but Not Plumb.' Associated with Mr. Merrill in this hayshaking enterprise are Alan Young and Dinah Shore. They'll make you long for the streets outside.\" English film historian and critic Leslie Halliwell considered \"Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick\" to be: \" Homespun entertainment based on a staple success of the American provincial theatre, with pleasant songs added.\" The song \"Marshmallow Moon\" was a hit before the film was released. Aaron Slick from Punkin Crick" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Balfour Building The Balfour Building is located at the Northeast corner of Spadina Avenue and Adelaide Street in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, close to the Financial and Entertainment districts, Gardiner Expressway, and the LRT. It was named after Arthur J. Balfour, author of the \"Balfour Declaration\" in 1917, whose goal was for the British government to support a Jewish homeland in Palestine. The high-rise was built originally for the Schiffer-Hillman Clothing Company; it was managed by numerous Jewish clothing companies in its early years. Presently, the Balfour Building is a historical tower landmark of Art Deco style in the 1930s. Elevators were installed by Otis-Fensom of Hamilton. The building has hardwood flooring, a rooftop terrace and various recently added features, including forced air heating and centrally controlled air conditioning. The Balfour Building was listed as a Toronto Heritage Property in 2011 by the City of Toronto Heritage Property Inventory. Balfour Building The Balfour Building is located at the Northeast corner of Spadina Avenue and Adelaide Street in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, close to the Financial and Entertainment districts, Gardiner Expressway, and the LRT. It was named after Arthur J. Balfour, author of the \"Balfour Declaration\" in 1917, whose goal was" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "SES-7 SES-7 (formerly known as Indostar 2 / ProtoStar 2) is a Dutch commercial communication satellite operated by SES World Skies. Originally launched on 16 May 2009 by Boeing for ProtoStar Ltd and later purchased through auction by SES S.A. for SES World Skies unit for $180 million. SES-7 operates in geostationary orbit and intended to be located at a longitude of 108.2° East covering South Asia and Asia-Pacific region. SES-7 is built for optimized HD DTH (direct-to-home) satellite television service and broadband Internet access across the Asia-Pacific region. The spacecraft was originally built for PanAmSat (now Intelsat) to be used as Galaxy-8iR, but that contract was terminated on November 15, 2002. The satellite was renamed SES-7 in May 2010. SES-7 SES-7 (formerly known as Indostar 2 / ProtoStar 2) is a Dutch commercial communication satellite operated by SES World Skies. Originally launched on 16 May 2009 by Boeing for ProtoStar Ltd and later purchased through auction by SES S.A. for SES World Skies unit for $180 million. SES-7 operates in geostationary orbit and intended to be located at a longitude of 108.2° East covering South Asia and Asia-Pacific region. SES-7 is built for optimized HD DTH (direct-to-home) satellite television" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Thomas Heebøll-Holm Thomas Heebøll-Holm is a medieval historian at the SAXO Institute at the University of Copenhagen. He is most known for his research involving medieval knights and the possibility that they suffered from Post-traumatic stress disorder and other hardships. In his research, Heeboll-Holm has aimed to apply modern military psychology on the history of knights, using information gained in recent decades on the psychological effects of war on soldiers. Heeboll-Holm has studied a number of ancient texts but has focused on three books by Geoffroi de Charny. Heebøll-Holm is also known for his work on medieval piracy. In particular, he has argued that early Danish kings relied in part on piracy to build their political and financial strength. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with a PhD. in History at the Centre for Medieval Literature. Thomas Heebøll-Holm Thomas Heebøll-Holm is a medieval historian at the SAXO Institute at the University of Copenhagen. He is most known for his research involving medieval knights and the possibility that they suffered from Post-traumatic stress disorder and other hardships. In his research, Heeboll-Holm has aimed to apply modern military psychology on the history of knights, using information gained in recent decades" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, non-profit, Washington, D.C.-based think tank specializing in US defense policy, force planning, and budgets. It is headed by Dr. Thomas G. Mahnken. According to its website, CSBA's mission is to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy, defense planning and military investment options ... [and] to enable policymakers to make informed decisions in matters of strategy, security policy and resource allocation. CSBA emphasizes initiatives the United States and its allies can take to wisely invest in the future, even during periods of fiscal austerity and uncertainty. CSBA evaluates its policy proposals through the net assessment methodology, wargaming, and by estimated impact on the Department of Defense budget over multiple Future Years Defense Programs. CSBA traces its origins to the Defense Budget Project, which was established by Gordon Adams in 1983 at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in order to \"fill a vital information gap in the policy debate\" during the Reagan Administration's defense buildup.\" In May 1995, the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments was incorporated in its current form. Over the next two decades, CSBA played a prominent role in the debate over the revolution in military affairs (RMA) and the transformation of the US military. Since September 11, 2001, CSBA has focused its analysis on linking near-term requirements to longer term challenges. According to the group's website, CSBA \"looks out two to three decades to identify emerging security challenges and opportunities.\" CSBA describes its current efforts as \"drawing attention to a set of worrisome and profound emerging areas of concern: a rising China threat in the Pacific Theater; a nuclear-armed Iran; maintaining the US defense industrial base; and realigning the defense budget.\" Over the past few years, CSBA has played a prominent role in the ongoing development of an AirSea Battle concept by the U.S. Air Force and Navy. Following cuts to U.S. defense spending and accelerating foreign military modernization, CSBA has also taken a lead role in highlighting the need to rebalance the Department of Defense's force structure and invest wisely for future challenges. CSBA is a 501(c)(3) non-profit educational organization. The group's public education and research program is funded by grants and contributions from a range of foundations and corporations. The majority of CSBA's income comes from research support under contract with the Department of Defense, military Services, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Notable key personnel employed by CSBA have included: Notable Board members include: Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, non-profit, Washington, D.C.-based think tank specializing in US defense policy, force planning, and budgets. It is headed by Dr. Thomas G. Mahnken. According to its website, CSBA's mission is to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy, defense planning and military investment options ... [and] to enable policymakers to make informed decisions in matters of strategy, security policy" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Monster Truck Challenge (TV series) Monster Truck Challenge, originally known as Powertrax, was a half-hour weekly television show on ESPN, which featured primarily tractor pulling and monster truck racing. The show began in the 1980s as \"Powertrax\", with hosts Richard Leek and Army Armstrong, and would alternate between the two main forms of competition of TNT Motorsports: the Red Man Pulling Series and the Renegades Monster Truck Challenge Series, or a combination of both. In 1991, the United States Hot Rod Association bought out TNT and decided to continue to use the half-hour format instead of their two previous shows. The show was renamed \"1991 Monster Truck Challenge\" and used USHRA's Bret Kepner and TNT's Kris Chapman as host and pit reporter respectively. This format focused primarily on monster trucks, yet commonly showed mud racing highlights and tractor pulling. It was a condensed version of Super Trax, which was an hour in length. The format was changed again in 1992, with Ken Broo as host and Joe Lowe providing voiceover for the races. Mud racing was often shown in highlight form at the end of each episode. In 1993 USHRA decided to focus on the syndicated show Monster Wars, and \"Monster Truck Challenge\" was canceled. Monster Truck Challenge (TV series) Monster Truck Challenge, originally known as Powertrax, was a half-hour weekly television show on ESPN, which featured primarily tractor pulling and monster truck racing. The show began in the 1980s as \"Powertrax\", with hosts Richard Leek and Army Armstrong, and would alternate between the two main forms of competition of TNT Motorsports: the Red Man Pulling Series and the Renegades Monster Truck Challenge Series, or a combination of both. In 1991, the United States Hot Rod Association bought out TNT and decided to continue to use the half-hour format instead" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Reset Generation Reset Generation (formerly known under the code name Project White Rock) is a cross-platform action-puzzle video game by RedLynx for Windows and N-Gage 2.0 compatible devices. Soundtrack for the game was composed by 8 Bit Weapon. The Windows version of the game is available free whereas the N-Gage version costs £8/€10 for the full game - with limited-time licenses available at lower prices and a free trial version. The game was developed - in part - by Ben 'Yahtzee' Croshaw, a well known author and game critic. The single-player PC version of the game was made available to FilePlanet subscribers on July 25, 2008 in the form of a browser game. It was made available to non-subscribers on August 1, 2008. The full N-Gage and Windows version of the game with included online capability was released on August 4, 2008. Reset Generation includes ten archetypal characters easily recognizable by older players who grew up with the NES and Mega Drive/Genesis, with some of the more easily recognizable characters being a hedgehog, plumber, monster trainer and a level 50 elf. Apart from having 4-player matches, the game also offers an 18 mission-based single-player campaign. The gameplay has the player try to \"rescue\" a princess, which is being held in the castle(s) of your opponent(s). Each player must try and breach another player's castle and then return the princess home to their own. Succeeding in rescuing (or capturing, rather) another player's princess eliminates him or her from the game. Players can pick up different items like springs, teleports, BFGPs and Monster Boxes or use the hero's special power to accomplish this target. The computer version of the game is a browser game that can be played through the Reset Generation official website or it can be embedded onto any other website with the provided source code. Reportedly however only Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox are compatible. Both the N-Gage and PC version of the game are mutually compatible, thus players of the N-Gage and PC versions of the game can play each other in multiplayer mode. Reset Generation Reset Generation (formerly known under the code name Project White Rock) is a cross-platform action-puzzle video game by RedLynx for Windows and N-Gage 2.0 compatible devices. Soundtrack for the game was composed by 8 Bit Weapon. The Windows version of the game is available free whereas the N-Gage version costs £8/€10 for" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2014 World Series of Poker The 2014 World Series of Poker is the 45th annual World Series of Poker (WSOP). It was held at the Rio All-Suite Hotel & Casino in Paradise, Nevada, USA, between May 27-July 14, 2014. There were 65 bracelet events, culminating in the $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event beginning on July 5. The November Nine concept returned for a seventh year, with the Main Event finalists returning on November 10. For the first time, the Main Event had a guaranteed $10 million first prize. The $1,000,000 Big One for One Drop was also held for the second time. Source: The second edition of the $1,000,000 Big One for One Drop began on June 29. The tournament drew 42 entries, 6 fewer than the first edition in 2012, creating a prize pool of more than $37,000,000. The winner of the tournament earned $15,306,668. The tournament was first conceived by Cirque du Soleil founder Guy Laliberte to benefit the One Drop Foundation, with $111,111 of each buy-in being donated to the foundation; in addition, the donation was the only rake taken from the prize pool, with the WSOP taking nothing for itself. The $10,000 No Limit Hold'em Main Event began on July 5 with the first of three starting days. The final table was reached on July 14, with the November Nine returning on November 10. The Main Event attracted 6,683 entrants, creating a prize pool of $62,820,200. The top 693 finishes placed in the money, with the finalists guaranteed $730,725 and the winner earning $10,000,000. Notably absent was 1976 and 1977 Main Event champion Doyle Brunson who reported earlier in his Twitter account he will not be attending the event since the tournament hours are too long and demand too much energy. He also stated he needed to stay home to take care of his wife who was feeling ill at the time. This was the first time since 2002 that no previous champion cashed in the Main Event, with Huck Seed making it to Day 4, the only former champ to make it to Day 4. \"NB: This list is restricted to top 30 finishers with an existing Wikipedia entry.\" Mark Newhouse made the final table in 2013 as well. Bruno Politano is the first Brazilian to final table the main event. When play resumes the antes will be 50,000 and blinds will stand at 200,000 and 400,000. Event #8: $1,500 Millionaire Maker No Limit Hold'em attracted 7,977 entries. It established a new record as the largest single-day starting field when 4,722 players played in Day 1a. It was also the largest non-Main Event field in WSOP history, and the second largest field overall after the 2006 Main Event. Ronnie Bardah finished in 475th place in the Main Event, setting a new record by cashing in five consecutive Main Events. He previously finished in 24th in 2010, 453rd in 2011, 540th in 2012, and 124th in 2013. 2014 World Series of Poker The 2014 World" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Central India Christian Mission Central India Christian Mission or CICM is a Christian missionary organization in India. It is supported by Christian churches and churches of Christ, which is part of the Restoration Movement. Its United States office is located in Savannah, Georgia. CICM was founded by Ajai Lall and his wife, Indu, in 1982. It has since grown to over 500 employees and has planted over 700 churches in central and northern India, Nepal, and near the northeast India/Bhutan border. CICM sent its first missionary to Bangladesh in 2003. CICM currently operates a 35-bed hospital and Central India Bible Academy (CIBA), which trains about 50 preachers each year. Central India Christian Mission Central India Christian Mission or CICM is a Christian missionary organization in India. It is supported by Christian churches and churches of Christ, which is part of the Restoration Movement. Its United States office is located in Savannah, Georgia. CICM was founded by Ajai Lall and his wife, Indu, in 1982. It has since grown to over 500 employees and has planted over 700 churches in central and northern India, Nepal, and near the northeast India/Bhutan border. CICM sent its first missionary to Bangladesh in 2003. CICM" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs The Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs was a special committee convened by the United States Senate during the George H. W. Bush administration (1989 to 1993) to investigate the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, that is, the fate of United States service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The committee was in existence from August 2, 1991 to January 2, 1993. Following the Paris Peace Accords of January 1973, U.S. prisoners of war were returned during Operation Homecoming during February through April 1973. During the late 1970s and 1980s, the friends and relatives of unaccounted-for American personnel became politically active, requesting the United States government reveal what steps were taken to follow up on intelligence regarding last-known-alive MIAs and POWs. When initial inquiries revealed important information had not been pursued, many families and their supporters asked for the public release of POW/MIA records and called for an investigation. A spate of films, mostly notably \"\" (1985), popularized the idea that American POWs had been left behind after the war. Serious charges were leveled at the Bush administration (1989 to 1993) regarding the POW/MIA issue. The United States Department of Defense, headed by then Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, had been accused of covering up information and failing to properly pursue intelligence about American POW/MIAs. A July 1991 \"Newsweek\" cover photograph purported to show three American POWs still being held against their will, which increased general public interest in the issue (but the photograph itself would turn out to be a hoax). Polls showed that a majority of Americans believed that alive POWs were indeed captive; a July 1991 \"Wall Street Journal\" poll showed 70 percent of Americans believing this, and that three-fourths of them believed the U.S. government was not doing what needed to be done to gain their release. Another motivation of the committee became establishing the framework for normalization of relations with Vietnam, and congressional approval of same. Shortly thereafter in 1991, Senator and Vietnam veteran Bob Smith introduced a resolution to create a Senate Select POW/MIA Committee. The fate of possible missing or captured Americans in Vietnam had been Smith's major issue since coming to Congress in 1985, partly spurred on by his growing up without knowing how his own father died in World War II. This was the third congressional investigation into the POW/MIA issue, but had a mandate to be more skeptical and ask harder questions of government officials than before. Formation of the committee was passed unanimously by the Senate. By October 1991, ten members had been selected for the committee. Senator and also Vietnam veteran John Kerry was eventually named chairman of the committee by Senate Majority Leader George Mitchell. Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole chose Smith vice-chairman, after Senator and former Vietnam POW John McCain initially declined the vice-chair position. The full committee consisted of twelve senators, likewise selected by the majority and minority leaders: Kohl replaced Dennis DeConcini, who was initially selected but then asked to be removed over the Keating Five scandal. Al Gore was the only Vietnam-era veteran who declined to participate. Running the committee was seen as politically risky for Kerry, and one that his advisors recommended he not do. Indeed, as Bob Kerrey later said, \"Nobody wanted to be on that damn committee. It was an absolute loser. Everyone knew that the POW stories were fabrications, but no one wanted to offend the vet community.\" Hearings began on November 5, 1991, and were conducted in five blocks: Going into the hearings, Smith was convinced that prisoners had been left behind after the war. Kerry suspected that some prisoners had been left behind by the Nixon and Ford administrations in their eagerness to disengage from the war; however, he doubted that there were secret camps in operation, as had been touted by POW/MIA activists and some media reports. McCain was skeptical that any prisoners had been left behind, partly because he and the other POWs had gone to great lengths at the time to keep track of everyone who was a prisoner in North Vietnam, and partly because he could see no motivation with evidence behind it for the Hanoi government to have kept any. The first day of hearings featured the testimony of then-U.S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and retired General, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and current head of the American POW/MIA delegation in Hanoi, John Vessey. Both defended the administration's and the military's role in trying to get the Vietnamese to improve their efforts in ascertaining the fate of missing personnel. Vessey rejected the notion of a government conspiracy, saying that he had never seen evidence of one at any time in his military career, and adding that, \"American soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines are not conspirators.\" Cheney said that Vietnamese cooperation was improved but still needed much more improvement. The second day featured Garnett \"Bill\" Bell, head of the U.S. Office for P.O.W.-M.I.A. Affairs in Hanoi, saying that he believed that up to ten American servicemen had been left behind after the war, but that there was no evidence they were still alive. Other Defense Department witnesses testifying that day expressed surprise at Bell's testimony, saying they were unaware of any evidence behind it; their statements were met with hisses from POW/MIA activists and family members in the hearing room. The third day saw the testimony of former Vietnam People's Army Colonel Bui Tin, who had likely observed McCain in prison once and, years later and dissatisfied with the course of post-war Vietnam, had left the country to live in exile in France in 1990. Tin stated that there were no American prisoners alive and that only a few Americans who had switched sides had remained after the war. After his testimony, he and McCain embraced, which produced a flurry of \"Former Enemies Embrace\"-style headlines. Thus at times the hearings became heated and contentious. McCain was criticized by some of his fellow POWs for wanting to find a path to normalization. He was also being vilified by some POW/MIA activists as a traitor or a brainwashed \"Manchurian Candidate\", which the embrace with Tin only exacerbated. Occasionally his famous temper flared during hearings and Kerry had to calm him down, for which McCain later said he was grateful. McCain had an emotionally charged exchange with Dolores Alfond, Chair of the National Alliance Of Families For the Return of America's Missing Servicemen. McCain said he was tired of Alfond denigrating the efforts of himself, Vessey, and others involved in investigating the POW/MIA issue, while a tearful Alfond pleaded for the committee to not shut down its work. The committee was responsible for getting the Department of Defense to declassify over one million pages of documents. Kerry and McCain and others were able to get the Vietnamese government to give full access to their records. The committee had full-time investigators or delegations stationed in Moscow and other parts of Russia, North Korea, and Southeast Asia. In all, the committee would conduct over 1000 interviews, take over 200 sworn depositions, and hold over 200 hours of public hearings. Some of the hearings were telecast on C-SPAN. The senators' work was often hands-on. Smith would get leads about possible whereabouts of a POW, and then Kerry would follow up on them. Because of Kerry's activities with Vietnam Veterans Against the War, the North Vietnamese deemed him honorable and opened their facilities to him. There had been persistent reports of U.S. prisoners held under the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi or in nearby tunnels; Smith had stated in hearings that the Vietnamese Defense Ministry had an", "The committee had full-time investigators or delegations stationed in Moscow and other parts of Russia, North Korea, and Southeast Asia. In all, the committee would conduct over 1000 interviews, take over 200 sworn depositions, and hold over 200 hours of public hearings. Some of the hearings were telecast on C-SPAN. The senators' work was often hands-on. Smith would get leads about possible whereabouts of a POW, and then Kerry would follow up on them. Because of Kerry's activities with Vietnam Veterans Against the War, the North Vietnamese deemed him honorable and opened their facilities to him. There had been persistent reports of U.S. prisoners held under the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi or in nearby tunnels; Smith had stated in hearings that the Vietnamese Defense Ministry had an underground prison in its compound near the mausoleum, which a Vietnamese official called \"a myth and an affront to the people of Vietnam.\" Kerry and Smith were personally led through a patchwork of tunnels and catacombs under Hanoi, until Smith was satisfied that no Americans were being held there. The number of live-sighting searches, include those on short notice, sometimes led to Vietnamese officials accusing the whole process of being a cloak for espionage. The question of testimony by businessman and POW/MIA advocate Ross Perot before the committee in June 1992 also led to conflict, with Perot fearing a \"circus\"-like atmosphere due to his candidacy in the 1992 U.S. presidential election. Perot believed that hundreds of American servicemen were left behind in Southeast Asia at the end of the U.S. involvement in the war, and that government officials were covering up POW/MIA investigations in order to not reveal a drug smuggling operation used to finance a secret war in Laos. But much of any testimony was expected to concern Perot's own actions: committee members wanted to question Perot about his unauthorized back-channel discussions with Vietnamese officials in the late 1980s, which led to fractured relations between Perot and the Reagan and Bush administrations, about Perot's 1990 agreement with Vietnam's Foreign Ministry to become its business agent after relations were normalized, and about Perot's private investigations of and attacks upon Department of Defense official Richard Armitage. The National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, one of the leading POW/MIA groups, objected to Perot's decision not to testify. McCain urged Perot to testify, saying, \"I have heard he is very convinced that there are still numbers of Americans being held against their will in Southeast Asia, and I am very interested in knowing what leads him to hold that view.\" Perot did finally testify in August 1992, after (temporarily) dropping out of the presidential race. He did not present new evidence of live prisoners, but did denounce U.S. behavior towards Vietnam after the war: \"What we have done for 20 years is treat them rudely and punch them around.\" He also criticized the Central Intelligence Agency for running a secret war in Laos. There were several exchanges between McCain and Perot, who had a complex relationship going back to when Perot had paid for McCain's wife Carol's medical care after she was severely injured in an automobile accident while he was a POW. Perot denied McCain's suggestion that he was a conspiracy theorist, while McCain disputed Perot's notion that the U.S. had \"ransomed our prisoners out of Hanoi\" at the close of the war. Some of the most publicized testimony before the committee came in September 1992, when former Nixon Defense Secretaries Melvin Laird and James Schlesinger said that the U.S. government had believed in 1973 that some American servicemen had not been returned from Laos, despite Nixon's public statements to the contrary. Schlesinger said, \"As of now, I can come to no other conclusion. [But] that does not mean there are any alive today.\" Laird said in retrospect of Nixon's assurances that all POWs were coming home, \"I think it was unfortunate to be that positive. You can't be that positive when we had the kind of intelligence we had.\" In reaction to the testimony, Kerry said, \"I think it's quite extraordinary when two former secretaries of defense both give evidence documenting that they had information, or they believed personally, that people were alive and not accounted for in Operation Homecoming.\" Another conflict occurred over whether Henry Kissinger's testimony was complete regarding what top levels of the Nixon administration knew about POWs at the end of the war. Kerry suggested calling Richard Nixon himself to testify, but after Nixon showed that he was unwilling to do so, Kerry decided not to call Nixon. Kissinger had bristled at the notion of a conspiracy: \"There is no excuse, two decades after the fact, for anyone to imply that the last five presidents from both parties, their White House staffs, secretaries of state and defense, and career diplomatic and military services either knowingly or negligently failed to do everything they could to recover and identify all of our prisoners and MIAs.\" Admiral James Stockdale, a former POW, also rejected the conspiracy claims: \"To go into it as a venture, you'd be a fool because there are so many possibilities of leaks and so forth.\" Former Defense Intelligence Agency director Leonard Peroots testified that a conspiracy would have involved hundreds to thousands of participants from the outset, rapidly growing into the millions with frequent personnel shifts and administration changes over the next twenty years. Yet another source of conflict were the different factions within the POW/MIA community. The older National League of Families was more established, less radical, and more connected to the government. The newer National Alliance of Families had been created in a schism with the National League during the 1980s, created by members who were dissatisfied with the League's leadership and ties to the government. Compared to the older group, the National Alliance took a more activist, radical stance, especially towards belief in the existence of live prisoners in Southeast Asia. The committee issued its unanimous findings on January 13, 1993. In response to the central question of whether any American POWs were still in captivity, it stated: With specific regard to the \"some evidence\", the committee said this: But neither live-sighting reports nor other sources of intelligence have provided grounds for encouragement,[12] particularly over the past decade. The live-sighting reports that have been resolved have not checked out; alleged pictures of POWs have proven false; purported leads have come up empty; and photographic intelligence has been inconclusive, at best. Two senators, Smith and Grassley, dissented at note 12, with the report saying \"they believe that live-sighting reports and other sources of intelligence are evidence that POWs may have survived to the present.\" With regard to the possibility that American POWs survived in Southeast Asia after Operation Homecoming, the committee said this: \"We acknowledge that there is no proof that U.S. POWs survived, but neither is there proof that all of those who did not return had died. There is evidence, moreover, that indicates the possibility of survival, at least for a small number, after Operation Homecoming.\" The committee's charter also involved investigation of POW/MIA issues related to other conflicts, including World War II, the Korean War, and the Cold War. Normalization of relations with Vietnam did not happen right away after the committee concluded. Delay occurred in early 1993 because of Vietnam's refusal to \"go the last mile\" and the Bush administration's desire to dump the problem on the incoming Clinton administration. Further delays resulted from issues related to Cambodia and avoidance due to the 1994 congressional elections. But in 1995, President Clinton announced normalized", "but neither is there proof that all of those who did not return had died. There is evidence, moreover, that indicates the possibility of survival, at least for a small number, after Operation Homecoming.\" The committee's charter also involved investigation of POW/MIA issues related to other conflicts, including World War II, the Korean War, and the Cold War. Normalization of relations with Vietnam did not happen right away after the committee concluded. Delay occurred in early 1993 because of Vietnam's refusal to \"go the last mile\" and the Bush administration's desire to dump the problem on the incoming Clinton administration. Further delays resulted from issues related to Cambodia and avoidance due to the 1994 congressional elections. But in 1995, President Clinton announced normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam, with McCain and Kerry both very visible as supporters of the decision. Committee vice-chairman Smith seemed to back away from the committee's findings within months of their being issued, appearing in April 1993 on \"Larry King Live\" with POW/MIA activist Bill Hendon, stressing his partial dissent from the majority report and touting new evidence of North Vietnam having held back prisoners in 1973, and then in the Senate in September 1993, saying he had \"very compelling\" new evidence of live prisoners. He also asked the Justice Department to investigate ten federal officials for perjury and other crimes in conjunction with a cover-up of POW/MIA investigations, In what he dubbed \"Operation Clean Sweep\", Smith said the targeted officials had a \"mind-set to debunk\". Kerry and McCain both denounced Smith's actions, with McCain saying \"In my dealings with these people, it is clear that mistakes may have been made in a very complex set of issues. But at no time was there any indication that they were giving anything but their most dedicated efforts. I frankly don't feel it's appropriate to publicly make these charges without public substantiation.\" Defense Secretary Les Aspin said the charges were unwarranted. In 1994, journalist Sydney Schanberg, who had won a Pulitzer Prize in the 1970s for his \"New York Times\" reporting in Cambodia, wrote a long article for \"Penthouse\" magazine in which he said the committee had been dominated by a faction led by Kerry that \"wanted to appear to be probing the prisoner issue energetically, but in fact, they never rocked official Washington's boat, nor did they lay open the 20 years of secrecy and untruths.\" Schanberg stated that key committee staff had had too close a relationship with the Department of Defense, and that while other committee investigators were able to get evidence of men left behind into the full body of the report, the report's conclusions \"were watered down and muddied to the point of meaninglessness.\" Kerry denied that the committee had engaged in any cover-up. Schanberg would return to the subject during Kerry's 2004 presidential campaign in a series of articles for \"The Village Voice\"; he claimed that Kerry had shredded documents, suppressed testimony, and sanitized findings during his time as chairman of the committee. Kerry denied these allegations and responded overall by saying, \"In the end, I think what we can take pride in is that we put together the most significant, most thorough, most exhaustive accounting for missing and former P.O.W.'s in the history of human warfare.\" The 2004 documentary \"Missing, Presumed Dead: The Search for America's POWs\", narrated by Ed Asner, included a number of segments showing the committee in hearings and criticism of the committee's actions. It includes one scene where a former Korean War POW is giving testimony in hearings and, in not atypical congressional practice, only one senator, Smith, was present. The witness asked, \"Where are all the other senators?\" and an embarrassed Kerry eventually rushed in. While the documentary repeats previous allegations about McCain's behavior as a POW, in his own interview in it Smith simply states, \"John McCain, and John Kerry, both were not pursuing this with the same approach that I was.\" All three of the main figures on the committee would run for president. Smith ran a brief campaign for the 2000 race; in his announcement speech, he said, \"Our nation's POWs and MIAs sacrificed their own freedom to protect our freedom and were never heard from again. Their ultimate fate is still unknown. I have traveled to every corner of the world on behalf of the POW/MIA families searching for answers — trying to end their uncertainty. I have had to bang on the doors of our own Government to open up intelligence files. Never again will these families have to beg our government and foreign governments for answers about their loved ones. Never again.\" Smith's candidacy failed to gain traction, and he switched parties twice during 1999 before dropping out and endorsing Republican George W. Bush. Four years later, again a Republican, Smith would break party lines and endorse Kerry during the latter's 2004 presidential campaign. During that campaign Kerry's role in the committee was greatly overshadowed by his Vietnam Veterans Against the War participation during the war and by the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth attack against him during the campaign. McCain would run in both 2000 and 2008; during the infamous South Carolina primary in 2000, allegations that he had abandoned POW/MIAs were part of the smear campaign against him. United States Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs The Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs was a special committee convened by the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "SS Conte Grande The SS \"Conte Grande\" was a Lloyd Sabaudo Line ocean liner built in 1927 by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino in Trieste, Italy, to service the transatlantic passenger line between Genoa, Italy, and New York City. Launched on 29 June 1927, her maiden voyage was from Genoa to Naples to New York City, which occurred on 13 April 1928. In 1932, after acquisition by the Italian Line, she was transferred to the South America service but was laid up in Santos, Brazil in 1940. During World War II, she was acquired by the United States and was used as an American troopship—renamed USS \"Monticello\" (AP-61) in 1942. After the war, in 1947, she was returned to the Italian Line and renamed the \"Conte Grande\". After a two-year hiatus, in 1949, she resumed service to South America. In 1960, she was transferred from the Italian Line to Lloyd Triestino (also chartered by Italian Line), where she served for another year until being scrapped in 1961. Her sister ship was the SS \"Conte Biancamano\". \"Conte Grande\" was built by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino at Trieste as an Italian-flagged passenger ship. She was launched on 28 June 1927 and entered service with Lloyd Sabaudo of Genoa at Cantieri San Marco for service on the North Atlantic tourist and passenger trade. In 1933 she transferred to the South American tourist trade. Early in June 1940 the \"Conte Grande\" was in Santos, Brazil, on one of her regular South American cruises. Here her officers held her awaiting developments after Mussolini's attack on France on 10 June 1940. On 27 February 1942 she was transferred to Brazilian registry and a Brazilian crew replaced the Italian crew who were interned. She was purchased on 16 April 1942 by the United States and renamed USS \"Monticello\". She was commissioned the same day at São Paulo in Brazil under the command of Captain Morton L. Deyo, USN. The USS \"Monticello\" sailed north under the escort of the to Philadelphia for conversion to a troop transport which was completed 10 September 1942. She left New York on 2 November for Operation Torch, the invasion of North Africa, carrying troops to Casablanca. Returning to New York, she sailed again on 25 December, carrying men for the various commands of the China-Burma-India Theater to Karachi, by way of the Panama Canal, Australia, and Ceylon. The transport returned to New York on 24 April 1943, carried reinforcements to Oran on two voyages, then sailed from Africa to San Francisco by way of the Panama Canal. Through the first half of 1944, she carried men from San Francisco to Californian ports, Australia, Hawaii, and the burgeoning bases of the South Pacific. In June 1944, she began the first of a series of transatlantic voyages bringing men to win victory in Europe. She reported to New York for an eight-week availability on 20 July 1945 and while there her Navy crew transferred off and were replaced by a Coast Guard crew beginning on 21 July 1945. Her first Coast Guard commanding officer was Commander George R. Leslie. He took command on 6 August 1945 and was replaced the next day by Captain R. S. Patch, USCG. The vessel remained under repair at Todd's Shipyards, Brooklyn, until 2 October. During this time all of her armament was removed. She departed New York, bound for Naples, on 8 October 1945, with 176 Italian officers, 5,590 Italian Army enlisted men, 13 U.S. Army officers and 34 Army enlisted men, a total of 5,813. She arrived at Naples safely on 19 October. She departed Naples on 22 October and arrived in Norfolk, Virginia on 3 November 1945. She departed Norfolk on 8 November and arrived at Le Havre, France on the 17th. She departed Le Havre on 19 November and arrived back at her home port of New York on 27 November. She then departed New York on 10 December, bound for Marseille, arriving there on 20 December. She departed Marseilles on 22 December, arriving at New York on 1 January 1946. She decommissioned at Norfolk on 22 March 1946 and returned to the War Shipping Administration for disposal on 27 May 1946. She was returned to the Italian government in June 1947, redubbed \"Conte Grande\", and after being laid up for two years, resumed service as a passenger vessel in South America. She was scrapped in 1961. \"Monticello\" earned one battle star for the World War II service. SS Conte Grande The SS \"Conte Grande\" was a Lloyd Sabaudo Line ocean liner built in 1927 by Stabilimento Tecnico Triestino in Trieste, Italy, to service the transatlantic passenger line between Genoa, Italy, and New York City. Launched on 29 June 1927, her maiden voyage was from Genoa to Naples to New York City, which occurred on 13 April 1928." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Megapenthes of Sparta In Greek mythology, Megapenthes (; Ancient Greek: Μεγαπένθης \"Megapénthēs\"), a Spartan prince and son of Menelaus, who ruled after his father's death and sent his mother (or step-mother) Helen into exile. In some legends, Helen was his mother; in most, however, he was Menelaus's son by a concubine, Pieris or Tereis, and was born during the Trojan War. His name means \"great sorrow\" and he is named that because he was conceived while Menelaus was grieving the loss of Helen. He marries the daughter of Alector in the beginning of Book IV of The Odyssey, whose name was Iphiloche or Echemela. At the death of their father, Megapenthes and his brother or half-brother Nicostratus together seized the throne of Sparta and drove Helen out. They were depicted on the throne in Amyclae riding the same horse. Megapenthes of Sparta In Greek mythology, Megapenthes (; Ancient Greek: Μεγαπένθης \"Megapénthēs\"), a Spartan prince and son of Menelaus, who ruled after his father's death and sent his mother (or step-mother) Helen into exile. In some legends, Helen was his mother; in most, however, he was Menelaus's son by a concubine, Pieris or Tereis, and was born during the Trojan War." ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Zentaro Kosaka Hailed from Nagano Prefecture, Kosaka was born into a politician family in 1912. His grandfather, Zennosuke Kosaka, was the founder of the daily \"Shinano Mainichi\" and a politician. His father, Junzo Kosaka, was also a politician. His younger brother, Tokusaburo Kosaka, was a leading politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. Zentaro Kosaka was a graduate of Tokyo University of Commerce (present-day Hitotsubashi University). After graduation, Kosaka began his career at the Mitsubishi Bank. Then he worked for Shin-Etsu Chemical that was established by his father, Junzo Kosaka. Later he joined the Liberal Democratic Party. He was part of the faction headed by Hayato Ikeda. Kosaka first became a member of the House of Representatives in 1946, being a representative for the Nagano Prefecture. He served at the lower house 16 times and held different ministerial post. On 6 September 1960, Kosaka visited Seoul, being the first Japanese official to visit South Korea since 1945. He was appointed labor minister in the Yoshida Cabinet, foreign minister in the cabinets of Hayato Ikeda and Takeo Miki. His first term as foreign minister was from 8 December 1960 to 18 July 1962. In August 1966, Kosaka and Yoshimi Furui headed an eight-member LDP delegation to visit China. They both held the views of right-conservatism, arguing for Japan's independence from the US and normalized relations with China. After the visit, Kosaka developed a policy report, called the Kosaka Report, which was submitted to the LDP's policy affairs research council. In 1968, Kosaka stated his desire to visit Mongolia to search for the viability of economic assistance towards the country. In 1970, Kosaka argued that Japan should declare a \"no-war\" notice in order to reduce tensions between Japan and China. He was also the head of political affairs research committee in the LDP during the same period. He also served as the head of economic planning agency during the term of the then Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka. On 24 July 1972, Tanaka also appointed him as chairman of the newly founded Council for the normalization of Japan-China relations in the LDP. The task of the council that consisted of 312 members was to reach a consensus, since the pro-Taiwan and pro-Peking factions over the whole peace treaty issue emerged in the party. IN September 1972, Kosaka visited Pekin as special envoy of the prime minister Tanaka. Then Kosaka served as deputy prime minister and visited Libya in January 1974. Kosaka was secondly appointed foreign minister in 1976. In 1976, he called for a reform of the UN security council at the UN general assembly. At the beginning of the 1980s, he served as the chairman of the LDP's foreign affairs research council. Kosaka retired from politics in 1990. Kosaka's son, Kenji Kosaka, is a LDP politician and former minister of education. Kosaka participated his son's election campaign for the lower house in the Nagano district in 1990. The Chinese restaurant of Okura Hotel in Tokyo was named by Kosaka. Kosaka died of renal failure in Tokyo on 26 November 2000. He was 88. Zentaro Kosaka Hailed from Nagano Prefecture, Kosaka was born into a politician family in 1912. His grandfather, Zennosuke Kosaka, was the founder of the daily \"Shinano Mainichi\" and a politician. His father, Junzo Kosaka, was also a politician. His younger brother, Tokusaburo Kosaka, was a leading politician of the Liberal Democratic Party. Zentaro Kosaka was a graduate of Tokyo University of Commerce (present-day Hitotsubashi University). After graduation, Kosaka began his career at the Mitsubishi Bank. Then he worked for Shin-Etsu Chemical that was established by his father, Junzo Kosaka. Later" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Michael Mulcahy (Irish politician) Michael Mulcahy (born 23 June 1960) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency from 2002 to 2011. A barrister and graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, Mulcahy entered politics as a member of Dublin Corporation, where he served from 1985 to 2003. He was Lord Mayor of Dublin from 2001 to 2002. He is a son of John Mulcahy, the proprietor of \"The Phoenix\" magazine and founder of the \"Sunday Tribune\" newspaper. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann on his fifth attempt at the 2002 general election and was re-elected at the 2007 general election. He had previously served as a Senator in the 20th Seanad, to which he was nominated by the Taoiseach, Albert Reynolds. He lost his seat at the 2011 general election. Michael Mulcahy (Irish politician) Michael Mulcahy (born 23 June 1960) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South-Central constituency from 2002 to 2011. A barrister and graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, Mulcahy entered politics as a member of Dublin Corporation, where he served from 1985 to 2003. He was Lord Mayor" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912 – July 4, 2002) was an American United States Air Force general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen. He was the first African-American general officer in the United States Air Force. On December 9, 1998, he was advanced to four-star general by President Bill Clinton. During World War II, Davis was commander of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332nd Fighter Group, which escorted bombers on air combat missions over Europe. Davis flew sixty missions in P-39, Curtiss P-40, P-47 and P-51 Mustang fighters. Davis followed in his father's footsteps in breaking racial barriers, as Benjamin O. Davis Sr. was the first African-American general in the United States Army. Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. was born in Washington, D.C. on December 18, 1912, the second of three children born to Benjamin O. Davis Sr. and Elnora Dickerson Davis. His father was a U.S. Army officer, and at the time he was stationed in Wyoming serving as a lieutenant with an all-white cavalry unit. Benjamin O. Davis Sr. served 41 years before he was promoted to brigadier general in October 1940. Elnora Davis died from complications after giving birth to their third child (Elnora) in 1916. At the age of 13, in the summer of 1926, the younger Davis went for a flight with a barnstorming pilot at Bolling Field in Washington, D.C. The experience led to his determination to become a pilot himself. After attending the University of Chicago, he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1932. He was sponsored by Representative Oscar De Priest (R-IL) of Chicago, at the time, the only black member of Congress. During the four years of his Academy term, Davis was racially isolated by his White classmates, few of whom spoke to him outside the line of duty. He never had a roommate. He ate by himself. His classmates hoped that this would drive him out of the Academy. The \"silent treatment\" had the opposite effect. It made Davis more determined to graduate. Nevertheless, he earned the respect of his classmates, as evidenced by the biographical note beneath his picture in the 1936 yearbook, the \"Howitzer\": The courage, tenacity, and intelligence with which he conquered a problem incomparably more difficult than plebe year won for him the sincere admiration of his classmates, and his single-minded determination to continue in his chosen career cannot fail to inspire respect wherever fortune may lead him. He graduated in 1936, 35th in a class of 276. He was the academy's fourth black graduate after Henry Ossian Flipper (1877), John Hanks Alexander (1887), and Charles Young (1889). When he was commissioned as a second lieutenant, the Army had only two black officers – Benjamin O. Davis Sr. and Benjamin O. Davis Jr. After graduation he married Agatha Scott. At the start of his junior year at West Point, Davis had applied for the Army Air Corps but was rejected because it did not accept blacks. He was instead assigned to the all-black 24th Infantry Regiment (one of the original Buffalo Soldier regiments) at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was not allowed inside the base officers' club. He later attended the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, and then was assigned to teach military tactics at Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Tuskegee, Alabama. This was something his father had done years before, as a way for the Army to avoid having a black officer in command of white soldiers. Early in 1941, the Roosevelt administration, in response to public pressure for greater black participation in the military as war approached, ordered the War Department to create a black flying unit. Captain Davis was assigned to the first training class at Tuskegee Army Air Field (hence the name Tuskegee Airmen), and in March 1942 earned his wings as one of five black officers to complete the course. He was the first black officer to solo an Army Air Corps aircraft. In July that year, having been promoted to lieutenant colonel, he was named commander of the first all-black air unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron. The squadron, equipped with Curtiss P-40 fighters, was sent to Tunisia in North Africa in the spring of 1943. On June 2, they saw combat for the first time in a dive-bombing mission against the German-held island of Pantelleria as part of Operation Corkscrew. The squadron later supported the Allied invasion of Sicily. In September 1943, Davis was deployed to the United States to take command of the 332nd Fighter Group, a larger all-black unit preparing to go overseas. Soon after his arrival, there was an attempt to stop the use of black pilots in combat. Senior officers in the Army Air Forces recommended to the Army chief of staff, General George Marshall, that the 99th (Davis's old unit) be removed from combat operations as it had performed poorly. This infuriated Davis as he had never been told of any deficiencies with the unit. He held a news conference at The Pentagon to defend his men and then presented his case to a War Department committee studying the use of black servicemen. Marshall ordered an inquiry but allowed the 99th to continue fighting in the meantime. The inquiry eventually reported that the 99th's performance was comparable to other air units, but any questions about the squadron's fitness were answered in January 1944 when its pilots shot down 12 German planes in two days while protecting the Anzio beachhead. Colonel Davis and his 332d Fighter Group arrived in Italy soon after that. The four-squadron group, which was called the Red Tails for the distinctive markings of its planes, were based at Ramitelli Airfield and flew many missions deep into German territory. By summer 1944 the Group had transitioned to P-47 Thunderbolts. In the summer of 1945, Davis took over the all-black 477th Bombardment Group, which was stationed at Godman Field, Kentucky. During the war, the airmen commanded by Davis had compiled an outstanding record in combat against the Luftwaffe. They flew more than 15,000 sorties, shot down 112 enemy planes, and destroyed or damaged 273 on the ground at a cost of 66 of their own planes and losing only about twenty-five bombers. Davis himself led dozens of missions in P-47 Thunderbolts and P-51 Mustangs. He received the Silver Star for a strafing run into Austria and the Distinguished Flying Cross for a bomber-escort mission to Munich on June 9, 1944. In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 ordering the racial integration of the armed forces. Colonel Davis helped draft the Air Force plan for implementing this order. The Air Force was the first of the services to integrate fully. Davis served at the Pentagon and in overseas posts over the next two decades. He again saw combat in 1953 when he assumed command of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing (51 FIW) and flew an F-86 Sabre in Korea. He served as director of operations and training at Far East Air Forces Headquarters, Tokyo, from 1954 until 1955, when he assumed the position of vice commander of Thirteenth Air Force (13 AF), with additional duty as commander of Air Task Force 13 (Provisional), Taipei, Taiwan. During his time in Tokyo, he was temporarily promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In April 1957 General Davis arrived at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, as chief of staff of Twelfth Air Force (12 AF), U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). When the Twelfth Air Force was transferred to James Connally Air Force Base, Texas in December 1957, he assumed new duties as deputy chief of staff for operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), Wiesbaden Air Base, Germany. While in Germany he was temporarily promoted to major general in 1959, and his promotion to brigadier general was made permanent in 1960. In July 1961, he returned to the United States and Headquarters U.S. Air Force, where he served as the director of manpower and organization, deputy chief of staff for programs and", "During his time in Tokyo, he was temporarily promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In April 1957 General Davis arrived at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, as chief of staff of Twelfth Air Force (12 AF), U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). When the Twelfth Air Force was transferred to James Connally Air Force Base, Texas in December 1957, he assumed new duties as deputy chief of staff for operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE), Wiesbaden Air Base, Germany. While in Germany he was temporarily promoted to major general in 1959, and his promotion to brigadier general was made permanent in 1960. In July 1961, he returned to the United States and Headquarters U.S. Air Force, where he served as the director of manpower and organization, deputy chief of staff for programs and requirements, having his promotion to major general made permanent early the next year; and in February 1965 he was assigned as assistant deputy chief of staff, programs and requirements. He remained in that position until his assignment as chief of staff for the United Nations Command and U.S. Forces in Korea (USFK) in April 1965, at which time he was promoted to lieutenant general. He assumed command of the Thirteenth Air Force (13 AF) at Clark Air Base in the Republic of the Philippines in August 1967. Davis was assigned as deputy commander in chief, U.S. Strike Command, with headquarters at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, in August 1968, with additional duty as commander in chief, Middle-East, Southern Asia and Africa. He retired from active military service on February 1, 1970. On December 9, 1998, Davis Jr. was promoted to general, U.S. Air Force (retired), with President Bill Clinton pinning on his four-star insignia. General Davis' effective dates of promotion are: At the time of Davis's retirement, he held the rank of lieutenant general, but on December 9, 1998, President Bill Clinton awarded him a fourth star, raising him to the rank of full general. After retirement, he headed the federal sky marshal program, and in 1971 was named Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Environment, Safety, and Consumer Affairs. Overseeing the development of airport security and highway safety, Davis was one of the chief proponents of the 55 mile per hour speed limit to save gasoline and lives. He retired from the Department of Transportation in 1975, and in 1978 served on the American Battle Monuments Commission, on which his father had served decades before. In 1991, he published his autobiography, \"Benjamin O. Davis Jr.: American\" (Smithsonian Institution Press). He is a 1992 recipient of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. His military decorations included: In the late 1980s he began to work on his autobiography, \"Benjamin O. Davis Jr.: American: An Autobiography.\" In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Davis on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. Benjamin O. Davis Jr Aerospace Technical High School Detroit, Michigan, and Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Middle School in Compton, California, as well as the former Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Aviation High School in Cleveland, Ohio, are all named in his honor. Benjamin O. Davis High School of the Aldine Independent School District in Houston, Texas, opened in 2012. The Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Award is presented to senior members of the Civil Air Patrol – United States Air Force Auxiliary who successfully complete the second level of professional development, complete the technical training required for the Leadership Award, and attend Squadron Leadership School, designed \"to enhance a senior member’s performance at the squadron level and to increase understanding of the basic function of a squadron and how to improve squadron operations.\" In 2015, West Point named a newly constructed barracks after him. He was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in 1996. Davis's wife Agatha died on March 10, 2002. Davis, who had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease, died at age 89 on July 4, 2002 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C., and was interred on July 17, at Arlington National Cemetery. A Red Tail P-51 Mustang, similar to the one he had flown in World War II, flew overhead during his funeral service. Bill Clinton said, \"General Davis is here today as proof that a person can overcome adversity and discrimination, achieve great things, turn skeptics into believers; and through example and perseverance, one person can bring truly amazing change\". Benjamin O. Davis Jr. Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. (December 18, 1912 – July 4, 2002) was an American United States Air Force general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen. He was the first African-American general officer in the United States Air Force. On December" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Gram The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin \"\", from Greek , \"grámma\") is a metric system unit of mass. Originally defined as \"the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre [1 cm], and at the temperature of melting ice\" (later at 4 °C, the temperature of maximum density of water). However, in a reversal of reference and defined units, a gram is now defined as one thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10 kg, which itself is \"now defined\" by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, not in terms of grams, but by \"the amount of electricity needed to counteract its force\" The only unit symbol for gram that is recognised by the International System of Units (SI) is \"g\" following the numeric value with a space, as in \"640 g\" to stand for \"640 grams\" in the English language. The SI does not support the use of abbreviations such as \"gr\" (which is the symbol for grains), \"gm\" (\"g⋅m\" is the SI symbol for gram-metre) or \"Gm\" (the SI symbol for gigametre). The word \"gramme\" was adopted by the French National Convention in its 1795 decree revising the metric system as replacing the \"gravet\" introduced in 1793. Its definition remained that of the weight (\"poids\") of a cubic centimetre of water. French \"gramme\" was taken from the Late Latin term \"\". This word—ultimately from Greek (\"grámma\"), \"letter\"—had adopted a specialised meaning in Late Antiquity of \"one twenty-fourth part of an ounce\" (two oboli), corresponding to about 1.14 modern grams. This use of the term is found in the \"carmen de ponderibus et mensuris\" (\"poem about weights and measures\") composed around 400 AD. There is also evidence that the Greek was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into Medieval Greek, while the Latin term did not remain current in Medieval Latin and was recovered in Renaissance scholarship. The gram was the fundamental unit of mass in the 19th-century centimetre–gram–second system of units (CGS). The CGS system co-existed with the MKS system of units, first proposed in 1901, during much of the 20th century, but the gram has been displaced by the kilogram as the fundamental unit for mass when the MKS system was chosen for the SI base units in 1960. The gram is today the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide. Most standards and legal requirements for nutrition labels on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage by weight. Gram The gram (alternative spelling: gramme; SI unit symbol: g) (Latin \"\", from Greek , \"grámma\") is a metric system unit of mass. Originally defined as \"the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "El Castillo (municipality) El Castillo is a municipality located on the Río San Juan (San Juan River) in the Río San Juan Department of Nicaragua. The settlement of what would eventually become the municipality of El Castillo began in 1673, when construction of the \"Fortaleza de la Limpia Pura e Inmaculada Concepción\", (now known as the Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción, or Fortress of the Immaculate Conception) was begun. The village of El Castillo eventually grew around the fortress, which continued to be strategically important to the Captaincy General of Guatemala until the late 18th century. The administrative capital of the municipality of El Castillo is the village of Boca de Sábalos, which translates from Spanish to \"mouth of the tarpon\" (\"Megalops atlanticus\"). Boca de Sábalos is located 350 kilometers from the national capital of Managua, 55 kilometers downriver from the departmental capital of San Carlos and several kilometers upriver from the village of El Castillo. The municipality of El Castillo began with the construction of the Fortress of the Immaculate Conception on the southern bank of the San Juan River, approximately 6 kilometers from the present-day border with Costa Rica. This was part of a series of fortifications built along the San Juan River in order to defend against pirate attacks upon the city of Granada (which can be reached by navigating upstream from the Caribbean Sea along the San Juan River into Lake Nicaragua). Construction of the fortress, initially named \"Fortaleza de la Limpia Pura e Inmaculada Concepción\" (now known as the \"Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción\", or Fortress of the Immaculate Conception), was begun on March 10, 1673 and completed in 1675. The chosen site was the site of the present-day village of El Castillo. Despite the construction of the fortress, buccaneer William Dampier plundered the city and set it on fire on April 8, 1685. The fortress was attacked several times during the 18th century, sometimes by miskito or zambo forces and sometimes by the British. On the morning of July 26, 1762, a combined British and Miskito force laid siege to the fortress in what would later be called the Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua. This expedition, which had originally sailed from a base in Jamaica, consisted of seven large boats and several canoes. The garrison commander, Don José de Herrera y Sotomayor, had died unexpectedly 11 days earlier. Inspired by acts of heroism displayed by Herrera's 19-year-old daughter Rafaela (including killing the British commander), \"pro tempore\" garrison commander Lieutenant Juan de Aguilar y Santa Cruz led the defenders to victory in a battle that lasted six days. The British finally lifted their siege and retreated on August 3, 1762. In 1781, King Charles III of Spain issued a royal decree granting Rafaela Herrera a pension for life, as a reward for her heroic defense during that battle. After Spain entered the American Revolutionary War in 1779, Major General John Dalling, the British governor and commander-in-chief of Jamaica, proposed a second naval expedition to Nicaragua. The goal was to sail up the San Juan River to Lake Nicaragua and capture the town of Granada, which would effectively cut Spanish America in half as well as provide potential access to the Pacific Ocean. During this expedition, which took place in 1780 and later became known as the San Juan Expedition, Colonel John Polson and Captain Horatio Nelson led a British attack against the fortress. At the time, the Spanish garrison consisted of 228 men under the command of Juan de Ayssa (who later served as Governor of Nicaragua from 1783 — 1787). The expeditionary force succeeded in capturing the fortress on April 29, 1780, despite the fact that it consisted of only 200 men. The 22-year-old Nelson, in command of \"HMS Hinchinbrook\", was responsible for leading his men through dense jungle to attack the fortress from a hill in the rear. The British captured the fortress and occupied it for nine months, finally abandoning it in January 1781. The hill is named \"Lomas de Nelson\" to this day. The municipality of El Castillo is remote from major population centers, with dense vegetation and adverse weather conditions. The topographic features include hilly soil, with good conditions for agriculture and livestock. The village is situated in a tropical rainforest climate, with wet weather conditions. The average temperature is about 25°C, and annual rainfall ranges from 2,800 to 4,000 mm. To the north of El Castillo municipality is the municipality of Bluefields. To the south is the Republic of Costa Rica, to the east is the municipality of San Juan de Nicaragua and to the west is the municipality of San Carlos. The county seat is located 350 km from the city of Managua. The total area is 1,656 km2 (639.4 sq mi). Historically the municipality has been engaged in forestry, logging of tropical hardwoods, extraction of other forest products such as medicinal herbs and other non-timber forest products. From 1948 to 1951 and then from 1968 to 1970, the municipality of El Castillo was a major producer of bananas. The bananas were transported to Puerto Limón in Costa Rica, where they were sold by U.S. companies. Cultivation later declined as a result of black sigatoka (a disease caused by \"Mycosphaerella fijiensis\", a fungus of the Ascomycota phylum). The main economic activity continues to be agriculture, most notably corn and bananas. There are also a number of small businesses that serve the needs of the local and tourist population. These include 25 small markets, 9 bakeries, 2 butcher shops, 7 restaurants, 20 bars (6 just for tourists), 4 hotels, 4 sport shops, 5 carpenters shops, 2 gas stations for boats, and 1 mill. There are 27 comarcas in the municipality of El Castillo: El Castillo, Boca de Sábalos (where the municipality administration is located), Santa Cruz, Sábalo, San Antonio, Mauricio Gutiérrez, Laureano Mairena, Marlon Zelaya, Marcelo, Buena Vista, Gordiano, Guasimo, La Quesada, Las Colinas, Che Guevara, Boca de Escalara, Las Maravillas, Chanchon, Libertad Sandino, El Bosque, Laguna Blanca, La Ñoca, Sompopera, El Roble, Monico, Bartola, Rivera del Río San Juan and Río Cariño. Of roughly 5,000 citizens of school age in the municipality, only roughly 1,800 attend school. This is largely due to the great distances between home and school facilities, lack of roads and suitable vehicles, and the difficult economic situations of many families of the community. At the preschool level, there are 179 students enrolled, 4 schools, and 9 teachers. At the primary school level, there are 1015 students enrolled, 10 schools, and 32 teachers. At the secondary school level, there are 178 students enrolled, 1 school, and 5 teachers. El Castillo (municipality) El Castillo is a municipality located on the Río San Juan (San Juan River) in the Río San Juan Department of Nicaragua. The settlement of what would eventually become the municipality of El Castillo began in 1673, when construction of the \"Fortaleza de la Limpia Pura e Inmaculada Concepción\", (now known as the Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción, or Fortress of the Immaculate Conception) was begun. The village of El Castillo eventually grew around the fortress, which continued to be strategically important to the Captaincy General of Guatemala until the late" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "NZWPW Heavyweight Championship The NZWPW Heavyweight Championship is the top professional wrestling championship title in the New Zealand promotion New Zealand Wide Pro Wrestling (NZWPW). It was the original super heavyweight title of Wellington Pro Wrestling and introduced as the WPW Super Heavyweight Championship on 3 December 2004. The inaugural champion was Ruamoko, who defeated Les Barrett in a tournament final in Lower Hutt, New Zealand on 25 April 1992. The title became vacant when Ruamoko suffered an injury in early-2005 and, after the promotion became New Zealand Wide Pro Wrestling, it was replaced by the current heavyweight championship first won by Island Boy Si on 25 March 2005. The current champion is Axl in his first reign. On 17 November 2018 at Capital Pro Wrestling's MitchellMania event, NZWPW owner Martin Stirling was seen taking the NZWPW Heavyweight Championship from the then current champion Bryant. Bryant was told by Stirling that he took it for \"maintenance\". The following Tuesday NZWPW announced on its Facebook page that Bryant's as well as the previous champion, Wayne La Perfeccion's reigns are not official. The reason given by NZWPW was that title changes after \"Dreamcatcher\" Phil Woodgate left as CWO are no longer official. Therefore, the following 2 championship reigns were previously recognised, but are no longer recognised by the promotion as of 20 November 2018: NZWPW Heavyweight Championship The NZWPW Heavyweight Championship is the top professional wrestling championship title in the New Zealand promotion New Zealand Wide Pro Wrestling (NZWPW). It was the original super heavyweight title of Wellington Pro Wrestling and introduced as the WPW Super Heavyweight Championship on 3 December 2004. The inaugural champion was Ruamoko, who defeated Les Barrett in a tournament final in Lower Hutt, New Zealand on 25 April 1992. The title became vacant when Ruamoko suffered an" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Han Quanhui Han Quanhui (韓全誨) (died February 6, 903) was a eunuch late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. The struggles by the eunuchs, led by him, against the chancellor Cui Yin, who wanted to eliminate the powerful eunuchs, led to the eunuchs' kidnapping of Emperor Zhaozong and then a major military confrontation between two powerful warlords — the eunuchs' ally Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) and Cui's ally Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan). Eventually, Li, unable to stand up to Zhu's military pressure, surrendered the emperor to him and slaughtered Han and the other eunuchs. After this, Zhu was in firm control of the imperial court, leading to the dynasty's end four years later and its replacement by Zhu's Later Liang. It is not known when Han Quanhui was born. It is known that at one point, both he and fellow eunuch Zhang Yanhong (張彥弘) served as monitors of the Fengxiang army, but Han was later recalled to the imperial capital Chang'an to serve as a director of the palace communications (\"Shumishi\") and was serving in that post as of early 901, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. Earlier (in late 900), Emperor Zhaozong had been briefly deposed and imprisoned by the eunuch commanders of the Shence Armies, Liu Jishu and Wang Zhongxian (王仲先) and the directors of palace communications Wang Yanfan (王彥範) and Xue Qiwo (薛齊偓), but was restored in early 901 in a countercoup led by the Shence Army officers Sun Dezhao (孫德昭), Dong Yanbi (董彥弼), and Zhou Chenghui (周承誨). (For their contributions, Sun, Dong, and Zhou were all bestowed the imperial surname of Li, and Sun and Zhou were given new names of Jizhao (繼昭) and Jihui (繼誨) respectively.) After the countercoup, the chancellor Cui Yin suggested transferring the command of the Shence Armies from eunuchs (which had traditionally been the case) to the chancellors — himself and Lu Yi — to permanently end the eunuchs' hold on the armies. When Emperor Zhaozong asked Li Jizhao, Li Jihui, and Li Yanbi for their opinions, however, they opposed. Emperor Zhaozong thereafter decided to put Han and Zhang in command of the Shence Armies. He initially tried to make the retired eunuch Yan Zunmei (嚴尊美) the overseer of both Shence Armies, but Yan declined. Cui, apprehensive of this development, secretly requested Fengxiang's military governor Li Maozhen, who was in Chang'an at that time to pay tribute to Emperor Zhaozong, to leave a detachment of 2,000 men at Chang'an, to counterbalance the Shence Armies. Li Maozhen agreed, and left his adoptive son Li Jiyun (李繼筠) in charge of the Fengxiang detachment. Meanwhile, Cui Yin tried to cut down on the independent financial resources of the Shence Armies by ending the yeast monopoly that the army (which included the Shence Armies) held and allowing the general population to sell yeast. This also ended the monopoly that the circuit armies held. Li Maozhen did not want to give up the Fengxiang army's hold on the yeast monopoly, and went to Chang'an to try to dissuade Emperor Zhaozong from implementing Cui's proposal. After Li Maozhen arrived at Chang'an to discuss this matter with Emperor Zhaozong, Han Quanhui did all he could to foster a relationship with Li Maozhen, and Cui, seeing this, began to fear a Han/Li Maozhen alliance. He thus strengthened his alliance with Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit. Emperor Zhaozong had believed that after the countercoup that restored him to the throne, the eunuchs would be held in check in his restored administration. However, that turned out to be not the case — with Han and Zhang Yanhong in command of the Shence Armies, they got Li Jihui and Li Yanbi (who, along with Li Jizhao, received independent commands after the countercoup), in addition to Li Maozhen, on their side as well. Cui suggested to Emperor Zhaozong that all eunuchs be slaughtered and replaced with ladies in waiting. Emperor Zhaozong was initially resistant to the proposal, and the eunuchs eventually found out. Fearing that Emperor Zhaozong would eventually accept Cui's proposal, they had the Shence Army soldiers surround the palace and claim that Cui had been refusing to provide them with winter clothes. Emperor Zhaozong had to remove Cui from his secondary post as the director of salt and iron monopolies to placate the soldiers. Cui became aware that the eunuchs knew of his proposal. Fearing that the eunuchs would attack and kill him, he wrote to Zhu, requesting that he bring an army to Chang'an to wipe out the eunuchs. After receiving the letter in fall 901, Zhu mobilized his troops and headed toward Chang'an. Han, hearing of Zhu's impending arrival, had Li Jihui and Li Yanbi take their soldiers to the palace to force Emperor Zhaozong and his household to head for Fengxiang. The imperial officials, led by Cui, remained at Chang'an, protected by Li Jizhao (who refused to side with the eunuchs). The eunuchs and their allies then took the emperor to Fengxiang after setting the palace on fire. Zhu Quanzhong quickly put Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality under siege, despite Han Quanhui's issuance of edicts in Emperor Zhaozong's name claiming that his visit to Fengxiang was a voluntary one and ordering him to return to Xuanwu. In addition, Zhu attacked Li Maozhen's other holdings in the Guanzhong region, gradually forcing them to surrender to him. Later in 901, Han sent eunuchs with edicts in Emperor Zhaozong's name, ordering the southeastern circuits to attack Zhu; those eunuchs were intercepted and killed by Feng Xingxi the military governor of Rongzhao Circuit (戎昭, headquartered in modern Ankang, Shaanxi) and never reached their destination. Li Maozhen sought aid from Wang Jian the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan); Wang reacted by outwardly claiming to rebuke Zhu, but instead sending secret messengers to Zhu to encourage him to continue the campaign, while he himself attacked Li Maozhen's possessions south of the Qinling Mountains, taking them one by one. By late 902, Fengxiang was in a dire strait — with Li Maozhen's Guanzhong possessions having fallen into Zhu's hands and southern possessions into Wang's hands, Fengxiang was running out of food, causing the people to resort to cannibalism. Li Maozhen began making secret overtures to Zhu, offering to kill the eunuchs and surrender the emperor to him while blaming Han for seizing the emperor. In spring 903, after Li Maozhen presented the proposal to Emperor Zhaozong, Emperor Zhaozong issued an order to have Han, Zhang Yanfan, the directors of palace communications Yuan Yijian (袁易簡) and Zhou Jingrong (周敬容), a group of other high-level eunuchs, Li Jihui, Li Yanbi, and Li Jiyun all executed. Their heads were presented to Zhu, who eventually agreed to peace with Li Maozhen. Han Quanhui Han Quanhui (韓全誨) (died February 6, 903) was a eunuch late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. The struggles by the eunuchs, led by him, against the chancellor Cui Yin, who wanted to eliminate the powerful eunuchs, led to the eunuchs' kidnapping of Emperor Zhaozong and then a major military confrontation between two powerful warlords — the eunuchs'" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Virtuoso Violin Virtuoso Violin is a violin-playing machine, invented by Fred Paroutaud for QRS Music Technologies, the same company that produced the first MIDI-compatible player piano. It was first unveiled February 13, 1998. The Virtuoso uses an electromagnet instead of fingering the strings. The electromagnet's position changes the behavior of the vibrating string to attain the desired pitch. The Virtuoso is designed to play a real violin, although its setup requires the strings to be restrung and the bridge to be removed and replaced with a mechanical bridge which controls the string oscillation and bow movement. The Virtuoso Violin is capable of playing standard MIDI files. The Virtuoso Violin was debuted at the Frankfurt Music Trade Show, and guests were both excited about the new invention and confused as to how it worked. The novelty of the digital-to-analog player violin has been a huge hit, and the Virtuoso Violin has been used as a replacement to the concertmaster soloist at concerts mainly for show reasons. The price of the violin was originally estimated at under $10,000 just before its release. In 2003, its price was $12,500 and has risen since to nearly $22,000. The sound projected by the Virtuoso Violin lacks the same quality found in a human violinist's playing, largely due to the inability for the device to spontaneously play emotionally. Virtuoso Violin Virtuoso Violin is a violin-playing machine, invented by Fred Paroutaud for QRS Music Technologies, the same company that produced the first MIDI-compatible player piano. It was first unveiled February 13, 1998. The Virtuoso uses an electromagnet instead of fingering the strings. The electromagnet's position changes the behavior of the vibrating string to attain the desired pitch. The Virtuoso is designed to play a real violin, although its setup requires the strings to be restrung and the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Nishiki (bicycle company) Nishiki is a brand of bicycles designed, specified, marketed and distributed by \"West Coast Cycle\" in the United States, initially manufactured by Kawamura Cycle Co. in Kobe, Japan, and subsequently by Giant of Taiwan. The bicycles were first marketed under the \"American Eagle\" brand beginning in 1965 and later under the \"Nishiki\" brand until 2001. Throughout the U.S. bike boom of the 1970s and into the 1980s, Nishiki and \"West Coast Cycle\" competed with domestic companies including Schwinn, Huffy, and Murray; European companies including Raleigh, Peugeot and Motobecane—as well as other nascent Japanese brands including Miyata, Fuji, Bridgestone, Panasonic, Univega, Lotus and Centurion—itself a line of Japanese-manufactured bicycles that were specified, distributed and marketed by Western States Imports (WSI), a U.S. company similar to West Coast Cycle. Japanese-manufactured bikes succeeded in the U.S. market until currency fluctuations in the late 1980s made them less competitive, leading companies to source bicycles from Taiwan. As of 2013, Nishiki Europe markets bicycle models in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. In 2010, Dick's Sporting Goods acquired the licensing rights to the Nishiki brand for the U.S. market and began marketing Nishiki-branded bicycles and accessories. \"West Coast Cycle\" was founded by Leo Cohen Sr. and RosaBelle Cohen who had previously been partners in \"Wheel Goods Corporation\" in Minneapolis, later moving to Los Angeles in 1946 to purchase an existing retail bicycle store, Atlas Cycle, renaming it \"Playrite Bicycle Supply Co.\". The Cohens subsequently founded a bicycle, parts and accessory distribution company in the late 1950s, naming it \"West Coast Cycle Supply Company\". They operated the company — widely known as \"West Coast Cycle\" (or \"WCC\") — with their daughter Louise and sons Leo Jr. and Howie (Howard Sherwin Cohen). Howie Cohen subsequently took over the business, followed by his brother. When Cohen Sr. died in 1963, Howie Cohen traveled to Japan to find new sources for bicycles, and especially, a Japanese bicycle factory capable of producing high quality bikes that would be welcomed by U.S. independent bike dealers and the bicycling community; bicycles that would be able to compete with American and European-built bicycles. After visiting over 60 bicycles factories over a period of six weeks, Cohen turned to Kawamura Cycles. Kawamura had produced quality bicycles for the Japan domestic market, but at the directive of their overseas buyers, had produced lower-quality, lower-priced bicycles for the U.S. market, for example, under the brand name 'Royce Union.' Cohen also created working relationships with Japanese bicycle parts manufacturers including Asahi, Araya, Dia-Compe, Kashima, Kusuki, Kyokuto (KKT), Mikashima (MKS), Mitsuboshi, Taihei, Sanshin, Shimano, Sugino, Takagi, Suntour and others. Cohen travelled to Japan 8-10 times per year while developing his brands (American Eagle, Nishiki, Azuki and CyclePro). Cohen placed his initial order for 570 bikes with Kawamura, selling them under the \"American Eagle\" brand. WCC sold tens of thousands of American Eagle bikes before changing the name — when a customer suggested it was disingenuous to put such an American-sounding name on a Japanese product. WCC wanted a new, Japanese name that was easy to pronounce, with an inoffensive translation — and a name not easily mispronounced for comic or derisive effect. Cohen held a contest with Kawamura factory workers for Japanese names, choosing \"Nishiki\" for WCC's primary, nationwide line of bikes (after Saga Nishiki and the gold \"Nishiki\" thread often woven into wedding kimonos) — and \"Azuki\" for the secondary bicycle line (after the sweetened, red Azuki bean), using the chrysanthemum as the Azuki logo. A second line allowed WCC to market essentially identical bikes through more than a single dealership in a sales territory. Louisville Cycle & Supply (Louisville, KY) were sub-distributors for both brands in the Southeast, and Pettee Cycle (Denver, CO) were sub-distributors of both brands in Colorado and surrounding states. Kawamura trademarked both names for the Japanese Domestic Market and Europe, WCC trademarked the brands for the USA. Early promotional material for American Eagle and Nishiki lines often carried the tagline 'KB Bicycles' or simply 'KB' — signifying 'Kawamura-Built.' WCC continued also to market the bicycle brands of Mundo, Caloi, Windsor, Zeus, and Mondia. Howie Cohen served as President of WCC from 1965 until his retirement in 1976, with WCC subsequently operated by his brother, Leo Jr. and outside investors. Through the 1980s WCC continued to sell Nishiki bikes produced by Kawamura. International currency fluctuations in the late 1980s made Japanese-manufactured bicycles far more expensive and less competitive in the United States, leading WCC to move Nishiki production to Giant of Taiwan. Leo Cohen and his associates later sold West Coast Cycle to Medalist — with Derby International eventually acquiring the rights from West Coast Cycle to market bikes under the Nishiki brand in the United States. After manufacture of Nishiki bikes shifted to Giant, Kawamura continued manufacturing bicycles for the Japanese and European markets (including private label bikes for Takara, Schwinn, and others), to be subsequently acquired by the sporting goods company Mizuno. Howie Cohen later founded the company \"Everything Bicycles\", working with Kuwahara to build and import BMX bikes carrying the \"Kuwahara\" brand name, developing the first major BMX distributorship — and ultimately supplying Kuwahara bicycles for the 1982 movie E.T. and securing the right to market the \"ET Bicycle.\" To make the Kuwahara brand name a household word, Cohen ran a promotion giving free stickers to children who called a toll-free phone number and could correctly pronounce the brand name. In 1989, Cohen sold the Kuwahara name back to the Japanese parent company. In 1992, Cohen returned to the bicycle industry to assist the Gary Fisher bike brand — 18 months later brokering the acquisition of Gary Fisher Mountain Bikes by Trek Bicycle Corporation. Cohen later worked as a consultant in the bicycle industry for several companies, including Rotor Componentes of Spain, and subsequently retired from Lomita, California to Colorado where he and his wife, Kay (Kay Piercy Guithues Cohen) catalogued his collection of bicycling memorabilia and maintained his website, \"HowieBikeMan.com.\" When Howie Cohen died on July 11, 2013, \"Bicycle Retailer\" said he was \"a hugely influential figure in developing the U.S. BMX market and arguably the first person to bring high-quality Asian-made bikes to America.\" retired from Lomita, California From 1989 through 2001, Derby International marketed bikes in the United States under the Nishiki as well as Univega and Raleigh brand names. These Nishiki models, though manufactured outside Japan (e.g., in Taiwan, by Giant Bicycles and possibly in Italy by Colnago, Olmo or Viner) often carried the name Nashiki and the same model names as had been used on the Kuwahara-built bicycles. The brand name \"Nishiki\" was retired by Derby in 2001 in North America. As of 2010, Nishiki-branded bicycles, manufactured by Accell Group were available for sale again in the U.S. at Dick's Sporting Goods. Dick's had obtained licensing rights to the Nishiki Bike brand in the U.S. Currently (2013), Nishiki Europe, an unrelated group of European distributors markets bicycle models in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Nishiki bikes had previously been also marketed in Norway, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Estonia. Serial Numbers for Nishiki bikes were decoded by Tom Marshall, Canadian engineer, racer and runner, using a trial and error database methodology. Kawamura manufactured frames (1972–1987): These frames used a serial number \"XYZZZZZ\" format where: Giant manufactured frames (1980-1986): With a date code", "Derby in 2001 in North America. As of 2010, Nishiki-branded bicycles, manufactured by Accell Group were available for sale again in the U.S. at Dick's Sporting Goods. Dick's had obtained licensing rights to the Nishiki Bike brand in the U.S. Currently (2013), Nishiki Europe, an unrelated group of European distributors markets bicycle models in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden. Nishiki bikes had previously been also marketed in Norway, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Estonia. Serial Numbers for Nishiki bikes were decoded by Tom Marshall, Canadian engineer, racer and runner, using a trial and error database methodology. Kawamura manufactured frames (1972–1987): These frames used a serial number \"XYZZZZZ\" format where: Giant manufactured frames (1980-1986): With a date code generally stamped on the dropout on the drive side of the bike, these frames used a two part serial number in a \"G MM YY format\", where: Nishiki (bicycle company) Nishiki is a brand of bicycles designed, specified, marketed and distributed by \"West Coast Cycle\" in the United States, initially manufactured by Kawamura Cycle Co. in Kobe, Japan, and subsequently by Giant of Taiwan. The bicycles were first marketed under the \"American Eagle\" brand beginning in 1965 and later under the \"Nishiki\"" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2016 Super Rugby Final The 2016 Super Rugby Final was played between the Hurricanes and the Lions. It was the 21st final in the Super Rugby competition's history and the first under the expanded 18-team format. The Hurricanes had qualified in first place of the log standings during the regular season, while the Lions had qualified in second place. Both teams hosted quarter-final and semi-final matches. In the quarter-finals the Hurricanes beat the Sharks while the Lions beat the record Super rugby winners Crusaders. For the semi-finals it was the Hurricanes defeating fellow New Zealand team Chiefs in Wellington and the Lions defeating New Zealand team Highlanders in Johannesburg. Because of being the higher placed team in the regular season log standings, the final was held in Wellington. The Final attracted a crowd attendance of 39,000. The 2016 Super Rugby competition involved an expanded 18-team format. The 18 teams were grouped geographically in two regional groups, each consisting of two conferences: the Australasian Group, with five teams in the Australian Conference and five teams in the New Zealand Conference and the South African Group, with six South African teams, one Argentinean team and one Japanese team split into a four-team Africa 1 Conference and a four-team Africa 2 Conference. The four conference winners qualified for the Quarter Finals, where they had home ground advantage against the four wildcard teams, made up of the third to fifth placed teams in the Australasian Group and the third placed team in the South African Group. In the quarter-finals, there were wins for Highlanders over the Brumbies, Hurricanes beat Sharks while keeping them with no points, Lions beat Crusaders and Chiefs triumphing over Stormers. In the semi-finals, the Hurricanes defeated Chiefs in Wellington and the Lions defeated Highlanders in Johannesburg. The Hurricanes won their first title by defeating Lions. The play-off fixtures were as follows: The Hurricanes won their first Super Rugby title with a dominant 20-3 win over the Lions in Wellington with tries from Cory Jane and man-of-the-match Beauden Barrett. Victor Vito celebrated his 100th and final match for the Wellington-based side in style. Tries were difficult to get with the wet, cold and windy weather conditions with both tries scored off Lions mistakes and Barrett chipped in with 10 points from the boot with two conversions and two penalties to spark tumultuous scenes in the packed stadium. The Lions were unable to find a way to unlock the Hurricanes defence, while Elton Jantjies had a forgettable night in front of goal, scoring only one of his three kicks. The match began with Jantjies missing an early penalty and Jane had a try disallowed in the 6th minute after the TMO ruled correctly that Brad Shields had knocked-on in the build-up. The veteran winger was not to be denied for long, in the 22nd minute when the Hurricanes defence again proved its worth causing Jantjies to throw a wild pass under pressure in his own 22, forcing Lionel Mapoe to make a clearing kick, but the ball went straight to Jane, who raced in to score at the corner. Barrett slotted the conversion to add to the earlier 11th-minute penalty to give the Hurricanes a 10-0 lead. Jantjies reduced the deficit with a penalty three minutes later. Barrett extended his side's lead to 13-3 with another penalty midway through the second half. The match was effectively ended as a contest 11 minutes from full-time when the Lions botched a lineout clearance close to their own line. Replacement hooker Ricky Riccitelli hacked the ball on and the fly-half pounced on it inside the Lions in-goal area for his side's second try making Hurricanes to become the fifth New Zealand side to be crowned Super champions having previously lost both the 2006 and 2015 finals as well as being five times beaten semi-finalists. 2016 Super Rugby Final The 2016 Super Rugby Final was played between the Hurricanes and the Lions. It was the 21st final in the Super Rugby competition's history and the first under the expanded 18-team format. The Hurricanes had qualified in first place of the log standings during the regular season, while the Lions had qualified in second place. Both teams" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Diane G. Cook Diane G. Cook (born 1943) is a Parkinson’s disease patient advocate, especially well known for the use of the science of self-efficacy to help newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson’s. She accomplishes this through her roles as a senior patient advocate for the ProjectSpark Foundation (an advocacy organization for Parkinson’s disease education, research and patient support). Cook also is a present and past clinical investigator on a number of clinical trials, and a speaker, writer and presenter at numerous local, state, national, and international forums focused on Parkinson’s. She was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2008. Cook graduated from Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1965 with a BA in art history. She has completed numerous post-graduate management courses, graduated from the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Clinical Research Learning Institute, and completed the National Institutes of Health Human Subjects Course. Cook is best known for developing a patient-centered approach known as the Parkinson’s Disease Self-Efficacy Learning Forum (PD SELF), which enables patients to improve their quality of life and possibly affect the trajectory of their disease through the application to Parkinson’s of the principles of self-efficacy, as identified by Dr. Albert Bandura of Stanford University. She has led four support groups focused on the development of this concept, one of which was a small clinical trial whose conclusions support the hypothesis of the SELF approach. She is leading a training program funded by the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation to provide leader/facilitators to seed the SELF program in up to eight metropolitan areas across the United States. Cook has served as senior patient advocate since 2009 for the ProjectSpark Foundation, headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. She also served on the board of directors for the Colorado Neurological Institute, was state director for the Parkinson’s Action Network in Colorado, and has served on the Strategic Planning Committee and the People with Parkinson’s Advisory Council of the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation. Cook is a member of the advisory committee for the University of Colorado Movement Disorders Center and a patient representative to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. She served on the steering committee for the Clinical Trials Transformation Initiative, is a member of the New York Academy of Sciences and was on the faculty of the Clinical Research Learning Institute. Cook served on the faculty of the Third World Parkinson’s Congress in Montreal in 2013 and was on the faculty of the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation’s Women and Parkinson’s Disease Conference in 2015. Cook was a management consultant, focusing on leadership development, team-building, assessment and training for Cook & Company of Denver, Colorado from 2006 to 2014. She previously managed international seminars for Deepak Chopra at the Chopra Center for Well-Being in La Jolla, California, and developed corporate training programs for ARC International. She was a consultant for John Wiley & Sons, and facilitated corporate leadership programs for Wilson Learning. Cook developed courses for International Learning Systems, did organization development consulting for the U.S. Information Agency and the U.S. Agency for International Development, and was president of the National Council for International Visitors from 1981 to 1984. She was executive director of the International Visitors Information Service in Washington, D.C., from 1972 to 1975, and she was program director for the New York City Commission to the United Nations and the Consular Corps from 1978 to 1981. Cook is married to Gary M. Cook and has two children, Christian and Lauren, and three grandchildren. She lives in Denver, Colorado. Cook has been a co-investigator on a study on the value of teaching self-efficacy to recently diagnosed Parkinson’s patients and their care partners. She also has been a co-principal investigator with scientists at the University of Colorado Movement Disorders Center on opportunities and obstacles to patient engagement in the research process. Cook is a patient consultant on a Parkinson’s and exercise study with the departments of physical therapy at the University of Colorado and the University of Pittsburgh. She has participated in 14 clinical trials since 2009. Cook received the HOPE Award from the Colorado Neurological Institute in 2011 for her educational activities on behalf of Parkinson’s patients and for serving as an inspiration to others. She received the 9News 9Who Care Award in 2015 and a leadership grant from the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation in 2014. Cook is author of: “Second World Parkinson’s Congress: Final Thoughts,” Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Blog and Website, 2011; “The Gift of Participation,” Parkinson Voice, Parkinson Association of the Rockies, 2011; “The Gift of Participation: A Patient’s Perspective,” NeuroMatters, Colorado Neurological Institute, 2012; “Biomedical Research a Good Investment,” Letter to the Editor, Denver Post, March 6, 2012; “What’s Happening in Parkinson’s Legislation,” Parkinson Voice, Parkinson Association of the Rockies, 2013; “Third World Parkinson’s Congress: Final Thoughts,” Parkinson’s Disease Foundation Blog and Website, 2013; and “Setting the Record Straight on Parkinson’s in Light of Robin Williams’ Media Storm,” Letter to the Editor, Denver Post, August 22, 2014. Cook has presented: “Addressing the Needs of Newly Diagnose Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Development of a Model Curriculum” at the Second World Parkinson’s Congress in Glasgow, Scotland in 2010; “Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Learning Program for Newly Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Their Care Partners: 3-Month Interim Report” at the International Movement Disorders Congress in Sydney, Australia in 2013; “6-Month Interim Report on the Effectiveness of a Self-Efficacy Learning Program for Newly Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Their Care Partners” at the Third World Parkinson’s Congress in Montreal, Canada in 2013; “Engaging People with Parkinson’s in Determining and Defining Research Priorities” at the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Congress in Portland, Oregon in 2015; “Adjustment to Life with Parkinson’s Disease” at the Colorado Neurological Institute Parkinson’s Education Forum in 2012; “The Importance of Participation in Clinical Research” at the Clinical Research Forum in 2012; “Meeting Parkinson’s Quality of Life Challenges Through Self-Efficacy” at the Third World Parkinson’s Congress in 2013; “Patient Engagement in Research” at the Third World Parkinson’s Congress in 2013; “The Role of People with Parkinson’s in the Research Process” at the Third World Parkinson’s Congress in 2013; “The Power of Self-Efficacy” at the Parkinson’s Association of the Rockies E-3 Conference in 2013; “The Many Faces of Parkinson’s Disease” and “What’s Next?” at the Partners in Parkinson’s Conference sponsored by the Michael J. Fox Foundation in 2014; “Patient Perspective: Patient Engagement in the Clinical Research Process” at the Medical Leaders’ Meeting of Pfizer in 2014; “Living with the Hidden Parkinson’s” at the International Conference on Non-Motor Symptoms: Unraveling the “Invisible” Face of Parkinson’s Disease of the New York Academy of Sciences in 2015; and “Self-Efficacy: May the Force Be With You” at the 32nd Annual Parkinson’s Symposium of the Oregon Health & Science University in 2015. Diane G. Cook Diane G. Cook (born 1943) is a Parkinson’s disease patient advocate, especially well known for the use of the science of self-efficacy to help newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson’s. She accomplishes this through her roles as a senior patient advocate for the ProjectSpark Foundation (an advocacy organization for Parkinson’s disease education, research and patient support). Cook also is a present and past clinical investigator on a number of", "2014; “Living with the Hidden Parkinson’s” at the International Conference on Non-Motor Symptoms: Unraveling the “Invisible” Face of Parkinson’s Disease of the New York Academy of Sciences in 2015; and “Self-Efficacy: May the Force Be With You” at the 32nd Annual Parkinson’s Symposium of the Oregon Health & Science University in 2015. Diane G. Cook Diane G. Cook (born 1943) is a Parkinson’s disease patient advocate, especially well known for the use of the science of self-efficacy to help newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson’s. She accomplishes this through her roles as a senior patient advocate for the ProjectSpark Foundation (an advocacy organization for Parkinson’s disease education, research and patient support). Cook also is a present and past clinical investigator on a number of clinical trials, and a speaker, writer and presenter at numerous local, state, national, and international forums focused on" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Facundo Erpen Facundo Adrián Erpen Bariffo (born May 19, 1983 in Gualeguaychú) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for San Martín (SJ) in Argentina Primera Division. Erpen was part of the Boca Juniors youth system and played for Club Juventud Unida and Talleres de Córdoba before signing with D.C. United in the summer of 2005. Erpen made 40 appearances for D.C. United, scoring 4 goals, and took part in the 2006 MLS All Star game, against FA Premier League champions Chelsea after being called up as a replacement for injured Eddie Pope. Erpen was traded to the Colorado Rapids for Greg Vanney in June 2007, and played for two seasons for the Denver team before being released January 2009. He was signed by USL First Division side Miami FC in April 2009, but was waived after having just played five games for the team. Facundo Erpen Facundo Adrián Erpen Bariffo (born May 19, 1983 in Gualeguaychú) is an Argentine footballer currently playing for San Martín (SJ) in Argentina Primera Division. Erpen was part of the Boca Juniors youth system and played for Club Juventud Unida and Talleres de Córdoba before signing with D.C. United in the summer of 2005. Erpen" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Duo (London) 1993 Duo (London) 1993 is a live album featuring performances by saxophonists Anthony Braxton and Evan Parker which was recorded at the Bloomsbury Theatre as part of the 1993 London Jazz Festival and released on the Leo label. The Allmusic review by Brian Olewnick stated \"A live duo performance by musicians of this extraordinarily high caliber occasionally results in something incredible but perhaps more often describes a battle of egos with neither side giving in. In this case, the participants appeared willing to compromise and to some extent lay aside their commitment to the vast and idiosyncratic musical structures that they had developed over the year. If the recording still fails to live up to impossibly high expectations, it is nonetheless a fine album on its own merits\". All compositions by Anthony Braxton and Evan Parker. Duo (London) 1993 Duo (London) 1993 is a live album featuring performances by saxophonists Anthony Braxton and Evan Parker which was recorded at the Bloomsbury Theatre as part of the 1993 London Jazz Festival and released on the Leo label. The Allmusic review by Brian Olewnick stated \"A live duo performance by musicians of this extraordinarily high caliber occasionally results in something" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Out in the Dark Out in the Dark () is a 2012 Israeli romantic drama film which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2012 and in Israel in the Haifa International Film Festival in October 2012. It is the directorial debut of Michael Mayer (מיכאל מאיר). The film tells the story of the relationship between Roy, an Israeli lawyer, and Nimer, a Palestinian psychology student. The film was released commercially in Israel on 28 February 2013. The film has been accredited with 25 awards throughout its creation, which includes the Audience Award at the Berlin Jewish Film Festival in 2013, along with the FilmOut San Diego in 2013. The film is set in Israel, where Palestinian student Nimr Mashrawi (Nicholas Jacob) is heading to Tel Aviv to meet his friend Mustafa N'amnais (Loai Nofi) at a gay bar. While at the bar, he meets a local Israeli lawyer named Roy Schaefer (Michael Aloni). The pair fall in love, though Nimr struggles with the reality of their relationship. Palestinian society rejects Nimr because of his sexual orientation, whereas Israeli society rejects him due to his nationality. The situation is made worse for Nimr when he realises his brother Nabil Mashrawi (Jamil Khoury) is hiding a weapon stockpile for his militant friends. Nimr is granted a student visa to study at a university in Tel Aviv, giving him more opportunity to see Roy. However, he is soon approached by the Israeli Secret Service who pressure him into becoming an informant by threatening to cancel his visa. Nimr refuses and his visa is cancelled. Unbeknownst to Nimr, Mustafa has been living illegally in Tel Aviv under a similar arrangement. When he is unable to provide any more information, he is forcibly deported back to the West Bank where he is immediately abducted by Nabil and his gang of extremists. Nimr is forced to watch as his friend is tortured and executed for being homosexual and an informant. Later, while going through Mustafa's phone, Nabil and his friends find a photo of Nimr. Despite their differences, Nabil lets Nimr escape rather than killing him. Nimr makes it to Roy's house and hides there. Meanwhile, Nabil's store of weapons is discovered by the authorities. He is arrested and the police search for Nimr as an accomplice. Unable to hide him forever, Roy convinces an underworld figure and client of his law firm to smuggle Nimr to France. Though he promises to meet him there in the future, Roy is arrested while distracting the police so Nimr can escape. Nimr makes it to his boat and sails away, unaware of what has happened to Roy. Out in the Dark Out in the Dark () is a 2012 Israeli romantic drama film which premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2012 and in Israel in the Haifa International Film Festival in October 2012. It is the directorial debut of Michael Mayer (מיכאל מאיר). The film tells the story of the relationship between" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sony camcorders Sony produces professional, consumer, and prosumer camcorders. The VX1000, introduced in 1995, was the first digital consumer MiniDV camcorder. It is also widely used by professional skateboarding videographers. Century Optics designed the Mk1 fisheye lens just for the VX1000. The VX1000 excels at daytime colors. These models gained wide-scale popularity when paired with Century Optics Mk1 or Mk2. The VX2000/PD150 sister models improved on the VX1000 in low light sensitivity and added LCD screen. Both models have 1/3\" CCD sensors while the PD150 has XLR audio inputs and independent iris and gain controls. The VX2100/PD170 improved on the VX2000/PD150 models with low light sensitivity of 1 lux, improved LCD screen, and 24 iris increments from 12. The Sony HDR-HC1, introduced in mid-2005 (MSRP $1999 US), was the first HDV CMOS camcorder to support 1080i. The CMOS sensor has a resolution of 1920x1440 for digital still pictures and captures video at 1440x1080 interlaced. The camera supports digital image stabilization. The camcorder can convert captured HDV data to DV data for editing using non-linear editing systems which do not support HDV or for creating edits which are viewable on non-HDTV television sets. The HVR-A1 is the prosumer version of the HDR-HC1, having additional manual controls and XLR ports. The Sony HDR-HC5, introduced in May 2007 (MSRP $1099 US), was the third DV tape HDV CMOS camcorder to support 1080i. The 1/3\" CMOS sensor has a resolution of 2MP and interlaced 4MP for digital still pictures and captures video at 1440x1080 interlaced. Digital photos can be stored on a Sony Memory Stick. It requires a minimum of 2Lux. The Sony HDR-HC7, introduced in 2008 (MSRP $1399 US), was another DV tape HDV CMOS camcorder to support 1080i. The 1/2.9 CMOS sensor has a resolution of 3MP and interlaced 6.1MP for digital still pictures and captures video at 1440x1080 interlaced. The camera includes a manual focus wheel, mic and headphone jacks, and a slightly larger imaging sensor, producing 3200K gross pixels versus the HC5' 2100K. The HC7 also sports Sony's Super SteadyShot Optical Image Stabilization System. In December 2007, Sony released the HD1000, the shouldermount version of the HC7. Its advantage include much more stable off-tripod footage; full-size zoom control; custom ring to manually control focusing, exposure (iris and gain), zoom, or shutter speed; support for a large video light on its front coldshoe; and wireless audio. The Sony HDR-FX1, introduced in late 2004, was the first HDV 3 CCD camcorder to support 1080i (1440 X 1080 resolution with color sampling). The Sony HVR-Z1U is the \"professional\" version of this camera with additional features such as balanced XLR audio inputs, DVCAM recording, and extended DSP capabilities (i.e. cine/gamma controls). The HDR-FX1 includes three 1/3-inch 16:9 1.12 Megapixel gross CCDs. Each CCD measures 960 x 1080 pixels. It includes a 12x optical Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T* lens, a 3.5-inch LCD screen, a zoom ring, focus ring, and an iris / aperture ring. The FX1 offers Cineframe shooting modes at 30 and 24 frames per second. The camera uses an interlaced image but extracts progressive images from individual fields by doubling them. The 30fps and 24fps do not offer the same resolution as true progressive scanning. The 24fps Cineframe shooting mode does not offer the same resolution, or motion cadence as true 24fps progressive scanning. When the audio mode of HDR-FX1/HDR-FX1E camcorder is switched to the 16-bit setting (in DV mode) and the unit is then turned off, the unit resets to the default 12-bit setting, though the LCD indicator of the unit continues to display the 16-bit audio setting. The Sony HDR-FX7, was introduced in September 2006. The new camcorder is the first camcorder below $3,000 to offer full 1080 HD resolution with a three-chip sensor. The company claims that HDR-FX7 has much improved resolution (full 1080 HD) under good lighting. In low-light situations, Sony FX1 will still produce better results. The Sony HDR-SR1, introduced in late 2006, was Sony's first high definition hard disk drive based camcorder. It launched with a 30 gigabyte internal drive and - along with the Sony HDR-UX1 - is the first camcorder that records high definition video in AVCHD format. In June 2007, Sony released two new AVCHD format HD Hard Disk camcorders, a 40GB (HDR-SR5) and 60GB model (HDR-SR7), both of which add the ability to record Dolby Digital 5.1. In June 2007, Sony released the HDR-CX7, the first Sony AVCHD camcorder to record video to a memory card. The product comes bundled with a 4GB Memory Stick Duo that holds 30 mins of HD video. Sony HDR-CX7 weighs 15 ounces with the supplied battery and can record nearly one hour of full HD 1080 video on an 8-GB memory. It can record longer videos at lower resolution or quality. This handycam features a crash-proof recording system. It is equipped with a 6.1-megapixel CMOS image sensor and a 5.4-54mm/F1.8-2.9 zoom lens. It saves files with a resolution of 1440 * 1080i. The video format specifies a rectangular pixel shape. Most players render this as 1920 * 1080 format after adjusting for the rectangular pixels. For this camera, the maximum recording rate is 15 Mbit/s. In August 2008, Sony released the successor to the HDR-CX7, the HDR-CX12, with a retail price of $899.99. Major features include: Sony released the HDR-CX500V in 2009. The CX500V added GPS tagging capability, a new 1/2.8-inch sensor, and enhanced optical image stabilization. The Sony HVR-Z1 is a professional, broadcast quality, HDV camcorder. It is popular for producers of documentaries and other television programs because of its small size and relatively low cost. It records in 1080i. It uses the DV recording format however it can record in DV, DVCAM and HDV versions of the format. It can also record in PAL (25 frames) and NTSC (30 frames). The Sony HVR-Z5 was introduced in October 2008. It uses Sony's new G-Lens, alongside the 3 ClearVid CMOS Sensor system, which works well in low light. The HVR-Z5E can switch between HDV 1080i, DVCAM and standard DV recording. The Sony HVR-Z7 and HVR-S270 video cameras, introduced in early 2008, were the first 3 CMOS sensor HDV camcorder that records on tape and/or CF card. In previous prosumer models, Sony released model pairs that shared the same optics and sensors, such as the VX2000/PD150, VX2100/PD170, Z1/FX1, and V1/FX7; where the VX/FX was the consumer version and the PD/Z was the professional/prosumer version. The consumer models lacked professional features such as XLR inputs and some manual controls. The HVR-Z7 breaks this pattern as it has all professional features of previous prosumer models, and has no consumer equivalent, although it has a larger shoulder-mounted sister camera, the HVR-S270. Both video cameras feature interchangeable lenses. They attain low light sensitivity similar to the SD low light leader, the Sony DSR-PD170, and offer interlaced and progressive recording in HDV, DVCAM, and DV formats. Compact Flash recording is achieved by a supplied CF card recorder that is removable and connects via a proprietary firewire connection or 6 pin firewire. The first true successors to the HDR-FX1 and the HVR-Z1, the HDR-FX1000 and HVR-Z5 were released in autumn 2008. They employ the same Exmor 1/3\" 3CMOS design as the Z7/S270, and the Z5 is bundled with the same CF card recorder as the Z7, but the physical designs more closely resemble that of the FX1 and Z1. Both models support interlaced and progressive scan recording. HVR-Z5 has native progressive recording. Both models have the 1-megapixel XtraFine LCD screen included in the EX1, Z7, and SR11/12. These camcorders introduced Sony G Lenses. The zoom range extends 20x, 29.5-595 35mm equivalent. It has a wider view angle than most fixed lenses in this price range. The Sony HDR-GW55 was introduced in 2012 and is designed to be held vertically. It is marketed as a waterproof,", "6 pin firewire. The first true successors to the HDR-FX1 and the HVR-Z1, the HDR-FX1000 and HVR-Z5 were released in autumn 2008. They employ the same Exmor 1/3\" 3CMOS design as the Z7/S270, and the Z5 is bundled with the same CF card recorder as the Z7, but the physical designs more closely resemble that of the FX1 and Z1. Both models support interlaced and progressive scan recording. HVR-Z5 has native progressive recording. Both models have the 1-megapixel XtraFine LCD screen included in the EX1, Z7, and SR11/12. These camcorders introduced Sony G Lenses. The zoom range extends 20x, 29.5-595 35mm equivalent. It has a wider view angle than most fixed lenses in this price range. The Sony HDR-GW55 was introduced in 2012 and is designed to be held vertically. It is marketed as a waterproof, dustproof and shockresistant Full HD camcorder. It can withstand up to a depth of 5m and accidental drops from 1.5m of height. It comes with a 10 × optical zoom lens. It has a GPS function for geolocating photos and videos. Its successor, the HDR-GW66, was released in 2013. It has improved waterproof capabilities. It can withstand up to a depth of 10 meters and temperatures as cold as −10 °C. It uses a larger battery which increases recording time considerably. A front button was added for improved usability. The TD10 is Sony's first 3D AVCHD camcorder. It records on an internal 64 GB hard drive or onto Sony Memory Stick Pro memory cards, or onto SDHC cards. Released in 2011, it can record a maximum of 28 Mbit/s in 3D or 2D. Its two sensors are 1/4\" (4.5 mm) and each has gross 4200K pixels, can produce a maximum 5.3-megapixel image in 16:9 (3072x1728). The TD20 is Sony's second generation of 3D AVCHD camcorder. It has been modified mainly to be a little smaller than TD10 and they also shortened distance between lenses, which makes the 3D effect a little less significant, but it is compensated with internal software. It records on internal 64 GB hard disk or onto Sony Memory Stick Pro storage cards, or onto SDHC cards. Released in 2012, it can record to max 28 Mbit/s in 3D or 2D. Its two sensors are 1/3.91\" (4.6 mm) and each has gross 5430K pixels, and can produce a maximum 20.4-megapixel image in 16:9 (6016x3384). The TD30 is Sony's third iteration of the TD10 model. It records only onto Sony Memory Stick Pro memory cards, or onto SDHC cards. Sony removed the manual focus knob. Released in 2013, it can record a maximum of 28 Mbit/s in 3D or 2D. Its two sensors are 1/3.91\" (4.6 mm) and each has gross 5430K pixels, can produce a maximum 20.4-megapixel image in 16:9 (6016×3384). The NX5 is Sony's first professional AVCHD camcorder. It records either onto Sony Memory Stick Pro memory cards, or onto SDHC cards. An optional 128Gb Flash Memory unit provides up to 11 hours of recording time. It can record in Standard Definition using MPEG2 format, or up to 1920 x 1080 images at 24Mbit/s in High Definition mode in the AVCHD format. High Definition în format AVCHD. The camera is almost identical to the HVR-Z5, some people calling it the 'Tapeless version of the Z5'. This compact camera comes with a 3.5mm audio input – not a balanced XLR input. It records up to 6 hours of full HD on 64Gb internal memory. Camcorders that support resolution of 3840×2180 (UHD also known as 4K) In January 2014, Sony released their first consumer UHD Camcorder. The AX100 is able to capture video at 3840×2160 resolution at 30p using a 1\" Exmor R CMOS sensor. It uses a full sensor readout instead of line skipping which provides very high detail with minimal aliasing or moiré. It captures video using 14MP and then resizes the image to 8MP. It can capture photos at 20 MP. The highest quality video output uses XAVC S format based on MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 compression. Typical data rates are about 60 Mbit/s in this mode (100 Mbit/s in the firmware version 3.00). The SDXC memory card class 10 are required for XAVC S recording (SDXC class 10 U3 is required for 100 Mbit/s recording). The Zeiss Vario Sonnar T* Lens provides a 12x optical zoom which starts at 29mm equivalent wide angle. There is an optional 24x Clear Image zoom which zooms by using a smaller number of pixels until it matches the resolution of the output. Digital zoom can extend to 160x although with progressively degrading quality. Optical SteadyShot Image Stabilization has an optional mode called Intelligent Active Mode which using digital techniques on top of the optical stabilization to stabilize even more aggressively. The AX100 has neutral density filters built into the camera which is rare for a consumer camera. It can be set to automatic or manual control with the following settings: Off, 1/4, 1/16, and 1/64. The AX100 provides both an EVF (0.39\" OLED) and LCD screen (3.5\" 0.921 MP). The multi-interface accessory shoe allows connection to an external flash or stereo microphones. Remote control interface is available via the multi terminal port. In March 2015, Sony released this smaller, lighter weight UHD camcorder using a 1/2.3\" sensor with many of the same features as the AX100. With this camcorder, Sony introduced \"Balanced Optical SteadyShot\" (BOSS), essentially a floating lens/sensor block combination to reduce shake. It comes with a 10x lens. Along with the reduced size is the reduced size EVF (0.24\") and LCD screen (3.0\" 0.921 MP). In 2011, Sony released 3 camcorders with a built-in projector at the back of the LCD panel that can display images up to 60 inches away onto non-transparent flat surface in front of the camcorder. HDR-PJ50V, HDR-PJ30V and HDR-PJ10 have the same specifications, except memory. They have 220GB internal hard drive, 32GB flash memory and 16GB flash memory respectively. The 1/4-inch CMOS sensor camcorders have 12 optical zoom lenses and can record 1080/60p video, slot for SD/SDHC/SDXC or Memory Stick PRO Duo memory cards and GPS (except HDR-PJ10). In 2012, Sony released 2 camcorders with a built-in projector. HDR-PJ200 lacks internal memory, microphone jack and surround sound recording. The Sony HDR-PJ260 offers improved features such as an 8.9 megapixel still camera but includes 16GB internal memory. More expensive models include the HDR-PJ580, HDR-PJ600 and HDR-PJ760. Sony camcorders Sony produces professional, consumer, and prosumer camcorders. The VX1000, introduced in 1995, was the first digital consumer MiniDV camcorder. It is also widely used by professional skateboarding videographers. Century Optics designed the Mk1 fisheye lens just for the VX1000. The VX1000 excels at daytime colors. These models gained wide-scale popularity when paired with Century Optics Mk1 or Mk2. The VX2000/PD150 sister models improved on the VX1000 in low light sensitivity and added LCD screen. Both" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Syd Silverman Syd Silverman (January 23, 1932 – August 27, 2017) was the owner and publisher of \"Variety\" magazine. Syd Silverman was born in Manhattan on January 23, 1932, to publisher Sidne Silverman and Vaudeville entertainer Marie Silverman (née Saxon). He was the grandson of Sime Silverman, who founded \"Variety\". Raised in Harrison, New York, Silverman was educated at the Manlius School and Princeton University, then served for two years in the U.S. Army. When Silverman's father, Sidne, died in 1950, he became the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. As he was only 18, a legal guardian oversaw the business until 1956, before he took charge. After that date Syd managed the company as publisher of both the \"Weekly Variety\" in New York and the \"Daily Variety\" in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to Cahners Publishing for $64 million. He remained as publisher until 1990 and became chairman of both publications. Silverman's first wife, Jan McNally Silverman, died in 1997. They had four children, Michael, Mark, Matthew and Marie Silverman Marich. He later married Dr. Joan Hoffman. Silverman died on 27 August 2017 in Boca Raton, Florida, after a sudden illness. He was 85. Syd Silverman Syd Silverman (January 23, 1932 – August 27, 2017) was the owner and publisher of \"Variety\" magazine. Syd Silverman was born in Manhattan on January 23, 1932, to publisher Sidne Silverman and Vaudeville entertainer Marie Silverman (née Saxon). He was the grandson of Sime Silverman, who founded \"Variety\". Raised in Harrison, New York, Silverman was educated at the Manlius School and Princeton University, then served for two years in the U.S. Army. When Silverman's father, Sidne, died in 1950, he became the sole heir to what was then Variety Inc. As he was only 18, a legal" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mesoamerican Biological Corridor The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC) is a region that consists of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, and some southern states of Mexico. The area acts as a natural land bridge from South America to North America, which is important for species who use the bridge in migration. Due to the extensive unique habitat types, Mesoamerica contains somewhere between 7 and 10% of the world’s known species. The corridor was originally proposed in the 1990s to facilitate animal movements along the Americas without interfering with human development and land use, while promoting ecological sustainability. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor is made of four parts: Core Zones, Buffer Zones, Corridor Zones, and Multiple-Use Zones, each with varying availability for human use. With the increasing conversion of natural tropical ecosystems to agricultural farms and for other human use, comes growing concern over conservation of local species. Mesoamerica is considered one of many biodiversity hotspots where extinction is a significant threat. This area is the world’s third largest biodiversity hotspot. Some efforts have been made to protect organisms in the region, however, many of these protected sites are “small, fragmented, isolated, or poorly protected” In the late 1980s, Archie Carr III envisioned a way to protect threatened and endangered wildlife native to the region by connecting fragmented patches of habitat, and to create buffer zones to allow different levels of land use near protected areas. The corridor that eventually came to be, originally called Paseo Pantera (Spanish for Path of the Panther), follows the Atlantic coastline. The MBC began in the late 1990s, by funding from the World Bank in order to promote wildlife conservation, particularly endemic, threatened, and endangered species, and ways to use the land in a sustainable fashion. It was developed by a team of biologists from the University of Florida and the Central American Commission on Environment and Development (CCAD), and was remapped by CCAD, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) for political reason. $4 million was invested in the corridor by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from 1990 to 1995. In 1992, all of the countries that are part of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor joined the Central American System of Protected Areas (SICAP), which allows each country to “maintain its own ministries of the environment.” The corridor project has been successful in providing wildlife habitat; however, regional biota remained threatened due to fragmented areas and “unevenness of the region’s protected area system” The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor incorporates multiple diverse biomes and is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the east and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Splitting the corridor in half is the Guatemalan Mountain range, which includes active volcanoes. These environmental forces create four terrestrial biomes and 19 terrestrial ecoregions. The biomes include, tropical dry broadleaf forest, tropical wet broadleaf forests, xeric shrub lands, and tropical coniferous forests. According to data from 2003, roughly 57% of the Mesoamerican biological corridor is natural vegetation, with the remaining land being used mostly for cattle and crop production. The main crops produced in the MBC include sugar cane, corn, coffee, and beans. With agricultural production being such a large part of all the nations economies, there is much emphasis on adopting sustainable agricultural practices. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor is made of four parts: Core Zones, Buffer Zones, Corridor Zones, and Multiple-Use Zones, each with varying availability for human use. Core Zones are protected areas whose purpose is to promote and sustain biodiversity in the areas in order to maintain ecosystem services to the local people. Buffer Zones include the areas surrounding the protected Core Zones, which are made up mostly of wild land. Pathways between zones are labeled as Corridor (or Connectivity) Zones; these zones link water and land passages, allowing movement of plants and animals throughout the corridor. Finally Multi-use Zones, separate wild and protected land from land used for forestry, agriculture, and areas of direct human impacts. “Around 10.7% of Mesoamerica is currently under some category of protection for biodiversity conservation.” The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor is a program that “integrates protection areas into a single, functional conservation area”. Their goal is to promote “regional scale connectivity of protected areas with sustainable development and improvement of human livelihoods.” The purpose of the corridor is to emphasize the conservation movement as being a social and group effort. One issue with conservation efforts arise from the discontinuity of government and politics across the corridor; areas are often fragmented and up to 40% of protected areas go unenforced because it crosses nations barriers. The rapid increase in human population growth negatively affects conservation. Although this growth has been paired with rapid urbanization, the majority of the MBC population still resides in rural areas and “depends directly on biological resources for subsistence.” This dependency has led to exploitation that is difficult to quantify and regulate by the nations’ governments and conservation groups. As of 2010, SICAP (Central American System of Protected Areas) encompasses 669 protected areas that total 124,250 square kilometers. Yet, conservation efforts are hindered and negatively impacted by the fragmentation of land parcels and cross-national political differences and tension. Most of the protected areas are roughly 18,400 hectares, while only 18 areas exceeded 1,000 square kilometers. Presently, most conservation efforts are in promoting sustainable development and mitigating the damage done to the area by deforestation. Deforestation in the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor peaked between the 1970s and the 1990s. Planting native trees is the main method of restoring ecosystems after deforestation. Due to the corridor having been recently developed there has not been any studies that specifically address the benefits. Future studies should be completed to examine the differences in animal populations prior to the corridor and after implementation. When the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor was in the planning process there was a lack of formal functions proposed. The stakeholders did not have a clear idea of what the exact functions of the MBC were, which led to anger and an increase in the time taken to implement the corridor. The MBC was originally conceived as a way to protect threatened and endangered wildlife by connecting fragments of habitats and forming buffer zones to limit human land use. However, many of the interested stakeholders wanted to include common livelihood problems such as pollution, water and sanitation, pesticides contamination, firewood acquisition, zoonotic and infectious disease. It was finally decided that the main goals of the corridor would be to facilitate animal movements along the Americas without interfering with human development and land use, while promoting ecological sustainability. Indigenous people were barely involved in these decisions and the zone boundaries were made without their input. This lack of input led to distrust and tension between the locals and corridor implementers. In an effort to promote ecological sustainability, payment for various environmental services are given to landowners in order to motivate reforestation on their land. A major issue with these programs is that most small landholders do not have titles to the land. These small landholders were given plots to cultivate when they worked on larger farms or many were displaced migrants who settled in", "that the main goals of the corridor would be to facilitate animal movements along the Americas without interfering with human development and land use, while promoting ecological sustainability. Indigenous people were barely involved in these decisions and the zone boundaries were made without their input. This lack of input led to distrust and tension between the locals and corridor implementers. In an effort to promote ecological sustainability, payment for various environmental services are given to landowners in order to motivate reforestation on their land. A major issue with these programs is that most small landholders do not have titles to the land. These small landholders were given plots to cultivate when they worked on larger farms or many were displaced migrants who settled in unclaimed lands. Since they have no legal documentation of land ownership they can’t apply for many of the correct land use incentives, thus little consideration of long-term effects on the land is given. Another issue is that the programs don’t differentiate between small-scale and large-scale landowners. In an effort to reduce Carbon emissions the MBC offers incentives for carbon sinks. Large-scale landowners have taken advantage of these systems by planting African Oil Palms on their lands. These plants provide them with more carbon credits whereas a small landowner who is maintaining forest will receive little to no carbon credits Mesoamerican Biological Corridor The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor (MBC)" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tulrush Tulrush is a townland on the River Suck near Ballinasloe, Ireland. As it is on the eastern bank of the River Suck, Tulrush is a part of County Roscommon. In the Barony of Moycarn it is a part of Creagh Parish centred in County Galway, it has been listed along with Galway townlands in such reckonings as the \"1827 Tithe Applotment\" and \"Griffith's valuation\" of 1868. Tulrush is bounded on one side by the River Suck, main tributary to the River Shannon which it joins approx further on at Shannonbridge. Two River Suck fords (one at Pollboy and the other named \"Riley's\") were regular crossing points. These fords also proved useful in 1691 for the large army of Marquis de St Ruth (General Charles Chalmont), the French Jacobite general, moving from the siege of Athlone, to Aughrim where he was defeated by Godert de Ginkell, the Williamite's Dutch general in the decisive battle of the Williamite War in Ireland. In the 18th/19th centuries the river Suck ford between Tulrush and Pollboy was crossable for carts via a wooden bridge and widely used to access the large mill on the Pollboy side - demolished in the 1990s to facilitate the new N6 motorway and riverboat passage. A large village/community of houses existed in the 19th century on the edge of Tulrush Bog and near Tulrush Hill. The last dwellers left there in the 1950s. Ownership and control of the vast majority of the land in Tulrush rested with a Landlord, the remnants of whose house are still visible overlooking the river Suck and facing towards Ballinasloe. Hamilton Barrett, the last landlord, died in the early 1940s and the rest of his family are understood to have moved to N. Ireland. All the lands (approx of grazing, arable, callow) were taken over by the Land Commission in the early 1940s and under the guidance of a young local Auctioneer, Dermot Staunton, they divided it between four resident families: Stephen Cogavin; James Cogavin (brothers); Patrick Boland; Michael Kelly - all of whom, except James Cogavin, had homes in the townland of Tulrush. The N6 road passes through Tulrush with an entry ramp, near this point. Tulrush Tulrush is a townland on the River Suck near Ballinasloe, Ireland. As it is on the eastern bank of the River Suck, Tulrush is a part of County Roscommon. In the Barony of Moycarn it is" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Saints & Sinners (Whitesnake album) Saints & Sinners is the fifth studio album by English hard rock band Whitesnake, released in 1982. It peaked at number 9 on the UK Albums Chart. Two of the tracks, \"Crying in the Rain\" and \"Here I Go Again\", were later re-recorded on their 1987 album \"Whitesnake\". The recording process began in 1981, just after the end of the \"Come an' Get It\" tour. However, tension within the band was beginning to appear. Micky Moody stated in a 1997 interview that: Moody quit the band in December 1981, and soon afterwards David Coverdale called a meeting with all Whitesnake members and put the band on hold. Coverdale was also worried about the lack of financial reward the band were having, and decided to put the band on hold to dissociate Whitesnake from their manager John Coletta (who had also been Deep Purple's manager from 1968 to 1976). After this parting of ways, Coverdale temporarily took over Whitesnake's business side. During 1982, the news began to filter through the music newspapers and magazines: guitarist Bernie Marsden also quit Whitesnake, as well as bassist Neil Murray and drummer Ian Paice. Only Jon Lord stuck with David Coverdale. In August 1982 David Coverdale called Micky Moody and asked him to return to the band. According to Moody, \"towards the end of 82, David rang me up and said 'we wanna finish the Saints & Sinners album and we need to do some backing vocals etc'.\" There were also three new members in the band, namely former Trapeze guitarist Mel Galley, former Rainbow drummer Cozy Powell and Colin Hodgkinson on bass guitar. As the album was almost finished, the only contribution of the new line-up to \"Saints & Sinners\" were the backing vocals recorded by Galley along with Moody at Battery Studios in London; Ian Paice's drum parts and Neil Murray's bass tracks were left untouched. Saints & Sinners (Whitesnake album) Saints & Sinners is the fifth studio album by English hard rock band Whitesnake, released in 1982. It peaked at number 9 on the UK Albums Chart. Two of the tracks, \"Crying in the Rain\" and \"Here I Go Again\", were later re-recorded on their 1987 album \"Whitesnake\". The recording process began in 1981, just after the end of the \"Come an' Get It\" tour. However, tension within the band was beginning to appear. Micky Moody stated" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "The Complaining Cow The Complaining Cow is the pen name of the writer and blogger Helen Dewdney, a consumer rights activist and author of the book \"How To Complain: The Essential Consumer Guide to Refunds, Redress and Results!\". In 2012 Dewdney started the blog The Complaining Cow, telling stories of gaining refunds and redress from companies, and providing tips and advice on how to complain about faulty goods and poor service. Dewdney's book \"How To Complain: The Essential Consumer Guide to Refunds, Redress and Results!\" (published by The Complaining Cow) was reviewed by Paul Lewis, Kevin Grix (Chief Executive, Dispute Resolution Ombudsman, Furniture Ombudsman), Ann Robinson (Director of Consumer Policy at uSwitch), James Walker (resolver.co.uk), and Marcus Williamson (journalist and editor of the consumer information site ceoemail.com). The book provides information, tips, contacts, templates and advice on complaining. Dewdney's first post on her blog complained about Tesco. She has regularly posted about poor service including posts about insects in rice and her opinions on Tesco CEO Philip Clarke. When the new Tesco CEO Dave Lewis was announced, she wrote to him and he asked to meet her. She sold 100 of her books to his most senior staff. She met him and the senior staff to discuss complaints. Dewdney continued to challenge Tesco, particularly on the issue of \"fake farms,\" and in September 2016 interviewed Tesco UK CEO, Matt Davies and Dave Lewis, group CEO, about this and other subjects. Having already appeared on BBC's \"Rip Off Britain\" television series, including presenting a short film on hotels, she joined the expert team in the Pop Ups in 2018. She has written for the \"Financial Times\" and MoneyWise. Official Site The Complaining Cow The Complaining Cow is the pen name of the writer and blogger Helen Dewdney, a consumer rights activist" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "See Ya (Atomic Kitten song) \"See Ya\" is a song by Atomic Kitten, released as the second single from their debut album \"Right Now\". The song was written by Stuart Kershaw, Andy McCluskey, and Atomic Kitten-member Liz McClarnon. It was produced by Engine and Pete Craigie, with additional production by Cutfather & Joe. The single peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart, selling 86,773 copies and becoming the group's seventh best-selling single in the country. The single also reached number 50 in Ireland and was a minor hit in Flemish Belgium. The single was released around the time of B*Witched's final single, Jump Down, and as such, Atomic Kitten were regarded by many as their replacement. \"See Ya\" was featured in the film \"Bring It On\". The promotional video for the song features the Kitten's looking through a telescope on a road, and an oven. Then they walk about on the road and singing when looking through a telescope, and singing while they go fishing in a tub, and seen on a tram. During the bridge section, accidental war balls roll around with two big holes in the middle. In the final chorus, the Kitten's are dancing near big white war balls. The truss bridge the Kittens' cross on the tram in the video is located on the Fillmore and Western Railway at Sespe Creek beside the Old Telegraph Road, Fillmore, California. UK CD1 UK CD2 UK cassette See Ya (Atomic Kitten song) \"See Ya\" is a song by Atomic Kitten, released as the second single from their debut album \"Right Now\". The song was written by Stuart Kershaw, Andy McCluskey, and Atomic Kitten-member Liz McClarnon. It was produced by Engine and Pete Craigie, with additional production by Cutfather & Joe. The single peaked at number six on" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jennifer Rivera Jennifer Rivera is an American mezzo-soprano who has had an active international performance career in operas and concerts since the early 2000s. Rivera studied at the Juilliard School and appeared in several productions with the Juilliard Opera Center, including Gluck's \"Armide\" (1999) and the title role in Rossini's \"La Cenerentola\" (2000), a role that she repeated at Florida Grand Opera in 2009. Rivera performed extensively at New York City Opera early in her career, performing such roles as Hansel \"Hansel and Gretel\" (2002), Lazuli in Chabrier's \"L'étoile\" (2002), Meg in Mark Adamo's \"Little Women\" (2003), Cherubino in \"The Marriage of Figaro\" (2004), Rosina in \"The Barber of Seville\" (2005), Myrrhine in Adamo's \"Lysistrata\" (2006), and Nerone in Handel's \"Agrippina\" (2007). In 2007 Rivera created the role of Sharon Falconer in the world premiere of Robert Aldridge \"Elmer Gantry\" at the Nashville Opera, a role that she repeated at the Montclair State University in 2008. Also in 2008, Rivera performed the role of Sesto in Mozart's \"La clemenza di Tito\" under Roberto Abbado with the Teatro Regio di Torino. In 2009 she sang Varèse’s \"Offrandes\" in concert with the American Symphony Orchestra, and in 2010 she performed the role of Nerone in Handel's \"Agrippina\" under René Jacobs at the Berlin Staatsoper and created the role of Veruca Salt in the world premiere of Peter Ash's \"The Golden Ticket\" with the Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. In 2011, Rivera performed the role of Ismene in Traetta's \"Antigone\" under René Jacobs at the Berlin Staatsoper, and in 2012, she performed title role in Francesco Provenzale's \"La Stellidaura vendicante\" at the Innsbruck Early Music Festival. In 2013 Rivera performed Kurt Weill’s \"Mahagonny Songspiel\" and portrayed the Nanny in Ernst Toch’s \"Princess and the Pea\" at the Gotham Chamber Opera. In 2014 she performed the role of Sister Helen Prejean in Jake Heggie's \"Dead Man Walking\" at the Central City Opera, a role that she repeated the following year at Opera Parallèle in San Francisco and then again in 2016 with New Orleans Opera. She also appeared as Prince Orlofsky in \"Die Fledermaus\" at the Portland Opera and as Nerone to Peabody Southwell's Agrippina at Opera Omaha in 2014. In 2015 she portrayed Queen Sophine in the world premiere of Adamo's \"Becoming Santa Claus\" at the Dallas Opera. In 2011 she performed the role of Nerone on a recording of Handel's \"Agrippina\" with the Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin under conductor René Jacobs for Harmonia Mundi. In 2013 she recorded the title role in Provenzale's \"La Stellidaura vendicante\", also for Harmonia Mundi. In 2015, she received a Helpmann Award, Australia's award for distinguished artistic achievement, as Best Female Performer in an Opera for the role of Faramondo in the Brisbane Baroque production of Faramondo directed by Paul Curran. In 2015 she recorded the role of Penelope in Monteverdi's \"Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria\" which has been nominated for the 2016 Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Classical. Rivera is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post Arts and Culture Section and, in 2015, was named the Center for Contemporary Opera's first Director for Artistic Development. Jennifer Rivera Jennifer Rivera is an American mezzo-soprano who has had an active international performance career in operas and concerts since the early 2000s. Rivera studied at the Juilliard School and appeared in several productions with the Juilliard Opera Center, including Gluck's \"Armide\" (1999) and the title role in Rossini's \"La Cenerentola\" (2000), a role that she repeated at Florida Grand Opera in 2009. Rivera performed extensively at New York City Opera" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Corporal Robinson Stephen Robinson, known by the ring name Corporal Robinson, is an American professional wrestler best known for his hardcore wrestling style, Robinson has wrestled for various wrestling promotions, including Combat Zone Wrestling, UPW Pro Wrestling, and Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South. He is a former four-time JCW Heavyweight Champion. In his professional wrestling career, Robinson is an eight time Heavyweight champion having won the CCW Heavyweight Championship once, EPW Heavyweight Championship once, IWA Mid-South Heavyweight Championship once, JCW Heavyweight Championship four times, and MAW Heavyweight Championship once. In addition to these championships, he has won the IWA Mid-South Deathmatch Championship twice, MAW Tag Team Championship once with Hardcore Craig, and PWU Hardcore Championship twice. He held the NWA-CCW tag team title along with his brother, Joey \"Kidd\" Owens as the team of Pain Inc. Robinson is also the 2004 and 2007 IWA Mid-South King of the Deathmatch Tournament winner. Robinson was attending college on a baseball scholarship, when he was approached by a Marine Corps recruiter and he signed up with an open contract to 2nd Battalion Hotel Company at Parris Island. Robinson was one of 287 recruits to graduate (from an intake of 299) and was designated 0311, serving time in Bosnia. Robinson grew up watching the \"pure wrestling\" style of United States Wrestling Association. After leaving the Marine Corps, he began wrestling in the local wrestling scene. At one event, Tracy Smothers was in attendance and saw Robinson wrestle. Following the match, Smothers told him about a wrestling school he, Jamie Dundee, and Kelly Wolfe were a part of and invited Robinson to train there. Under their training, Robinson learned the \"pure wrestling\" style which he had grown up watching. He soon started his professional career working for Kentuckiana Championship Wrestling. There, Robinson created his gimmick of an ex-Marine, which he legitimately was, and came to the ring waving an American flag and saluting the crowd. During this time, Extreme Championship Wrestling had begun to receive national exposure. After watching an episode of ECW, Robinson fell in love with the Hardcore wrestling style. Ian Rotten soon approached him about joining his promotion IWA Mid-South, which adapted the same hardcore style of wrestling as ECW. When Robinson first arrived in IWA-MS, he was still known as a \"pure wrestler\". However, Robinson experienced his first taste of the hardcore style in February 1998 at \"No Blood No Guts No Glory '98\". He was originally scheduled to face Shark Boy, while Mad Man Pondo was set to conclude a violent feud with wrestler Trailer Park Trash. The Pondo-Trash match was booked for Pondo to win, however, Trailer Park Trash refused to take part, so Ian Rotten switched the opponents and Robinson took part in his first hardcore match. Robinson decided to start wrestling deathmatches to show people that wrestling was not fake. He said that \"people were saying [that] wrestling's fake, wrestling's fake, this and that. But by the time you got done watching one of my matches, you didn't walk out of that building saying that was fake. [You'd say] those two guys just killed each other.\" Robinson went on to compete in a wide range of deathmatches in IWA, including 6 King of the Deathmatch tournaments. He also claimed the IWA-MS Heavyweight Championship on 2 occasions, as well as being a 2 time IWA-MS Deathmatch Champion. Robinson is only the second wrestler (behind Ian Rotten) to win the King of the Deathmatch tournament multiple times. Through his work in IWA-MS, Robinson gained national exposure and fully developed his Corporal Robinson character. Robinson also wrestled in Insane Wrestling Federation, capturing the IWF Tag Team Title during his stint. The referee for the promotion, A. T. Huck, was also referee and friend of Insane Clown Posse and their promotion Juggalo Championship Wrestling. During Robinson's feud with Sabu, who was also a friend of the duo, Insane Clown Posse attended several shows. The group hung out backstage with their friends, and also began talking to and smoking with Robinson, eventually befriending him. In 1997, Robinson wrestled for Insane Clown Posse at the event \"ICP's Strangle-Mania Live\". Two years later, he, 2 Tuff Tony, and Mad Man Pondo wrestled at the Dan Curtis Memorial, an independent wrestling booker who had recently worked for Insane Clown Posse. Several days after the event, Tony, Robinson, and Pondo were booked to wrestle for Insane Clown Posse's first Juggalo Championshit Wrestling show. Video of the event was later released nationally. Robinson continued wrestling for Juggalo Championship Wrestling, including matches at the Gathering of the Juggalos festivals. On October 31, 2006, Robinson defeated Mad Man Pondo to become the JCW Heavyweight Champion. The following year, Robinson went on tour with JCW to film the internet wrestling show SlamTV!, where he defended his championship against multiple opponents until he began feuding with \"Holy\" Trent Acid. On March 6, 2007, Corporal Robinson lost the JCW Heavyweight Championship to Trent Acid at West Side Wars. On March 14, at East Side Wars, Robinson defeated Acid in a steel cage match to regain the JCW Heavyweight Championship. At Bloodymania, Robinson successfully defended his championship against Scott Hall. On October 6, 2007, Corporal Robinson, Scott Hall, and Violent J formed the Juggalo World Order (JWO) at \"Evansville Invasion\". Shaggy 2 Dope, Nosawa, Kevin Nash, 2 Tuff Tony, and Sid Vicious later joined the group. On November 9, the Juggalo World Order (Scott Hall, Shaggy 2 Dope, Violent J, 2 Tuff Tony, and Corporal Robinson) \"invaded\" Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's Turning Point PPV by purchasing front row tickets to the event. They proceeded to promote their faction by flashing their JWO jerseys, which each member had on, before being removed from the building. In 2008, Robinson went on tour with JCW for Season 2 of SlamTV!. In the second episode, he put his JCW Heavyweight Championship on the line against Sexy Slim Goody. When Robinson attempted to hit the \"Boot Camp\", the lights shut off in the arena. When they turned back on, Raven appeared in the ring and hit Robinson with his \"Evenflow DDT\", before stealing the JCW Heavyweight Championship belt. In the third episode, Sexy Slim Goody (kayfabe) knocked Robinson out with a steel chair shot, and Raven began to shave Robinson's afro. Sabu appeared from out of the crowd and scared Raven off, leaving Robinson with a half shaved afro. The tag team of Raven and Sexy Slim Goody had a match against Corporal Robinson and Sabu in the following episode. Raven to fled from the match with the stolen championship belt before Corporal Robinson pinned Sexy Slim Goody. At \"Bloodymania II\", Corporal Robinson defeated Raven in a \"Loser leaves JCW\" Ladder match to retain his championship. On May 21, 2010, while touring with JCW on Insane Clown Posse's \"Happy Daze Tour,\" Robinson lost the JCW Heavyweight Championship to Mad Man Pondo. In a Four Corners of Pain rematch ten days later, Robinson defeated Pondo to regain the championship, becoming a record setting three time JCW Heavyweight Champion. At Bloodymania IV, Robinson, with Terry Funk, defeated Mike Knox, with Scott D'Amore, and Raven, with Todd Bridges. At 2011's Flashlight Hysteria, Robinson was eliminated from an 8 team battle royal when Breyer Wellington interfered in the match. The two were placed in a series of matches for the next several weeks. Per storyline, however, Wellington hired replacements in losing attempts to bring him the JCW Heavyweight Championship. The two finally wrestled each other in a six-man tag team match where Robinson, Tony, and Rhino defeated Wellington and The Haters. A singles match for the championship was made for the next event, but it was changed into a triple threat with Butler Geves at", "Pondo to regain the championship, becoming a record setting three time JCW Heavyweight Champion. At Bloodymania IV, Robinson, with Terry Funk, defeated Mike Knox, with Scott D'Amore, and Raven, with Todd Bridges. At 2011's Flashlight Hysteria, Robinson was eliminated from an 8 team battle royal when Breyer Wellington interfered in the match. The two were placed in a series of matches for the next several weeks. Per storyline, however, Wellington hired replacements in losing attempts to bring him the JCW Heavyweight Championship. The two finally wrestled each other in a six-man tag team match where Robinson, Tony, and Rhino defeated Wellington and The Haters. A singles match for the championship was made for the next event, but it was changed into a triple threat with Butler Geves at Robinson's request. Kongo Kong interfered in the match and chokeslammed Robinson through a table, allowing Geves to pick up the pinfall and win the championship. On July 28, Robinson defeated Officer Colt Cabana to gain his fourth JCW Heavyweight Championship. On December 31, 2011, Robinson vacated the title. Corporal Robinson appears as himself with JCW tag partner 2 Tuff Tony in the underground wrestling documentary Wrestling with Disaster, a feature-length film that highlights an indy wrestling show gone horribly awry. The production is currently streaming at youtube.com/LegitProWrestling Robinson has served as bodyguard and as concert security for Insane Clown Posse and Twiztid. He is good friends with many of the artists and employees on the Psychopathic Records label. Robinson co-hosted two internet radio shows on WFuckOff Radio, \"Shoot the Shit\" with DJ Fillin and Eric Davie, and \"The Main Event\" with Violent J and 2 Tuff Tony. Corporal Robinson Stephen Robinson, known by the ring name Corporal Robinson, is an American professional wrestler best known for his hardcore wrestling style, Robinson has wrestled for various wrestling promotions, including Combat Zone Wrestling, UPW Pro Wrestling, and Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South. He is a former four-time JCW Heavyweight Champion. In his professional wrestling career, Robinson is an eight time Heavyweight champion having won the CCW Heavyweight Championship once, EPW Heavyweight" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tikkanen (horse) Tikkanen (foaled 1991 in Pennsylvania) is a French Thoroughbred racehorse who competed internationally. He was owned and bred by American George W. Strawbridge Jr., an avid ice hockey fan and a shareholder and Director of the National Hockey League's Buffalo Sabres who named the foal for the Finnish player, Esa Tikkanen. From a family involved in steeplechase and flat racing, George W. Strawbridge Jr. maintained racing stables in France and the United States. Tikkanen was sent into training with Chantilly-based trainer Jonathan Pease. Tikkanen raced twice at age two earning a win plus a third-place finish in the Critérium de Saint-Cloud. At age three, he won the Group 2 Prix Greffulhe, then run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris where he also ran third in the Group 1 Prix Lupin and fourth in the Prix du Jockey Club. In 1994, Tikkanen also competed in Ireland, Italy, and in Germany where he earned his best result with a third-place finish in the Group 3 Fürstenberg-Rennen at Baden-Baden. Sent to the United States in the fall, under jockey Cash Asmussen, who had ridden the colt in France, Tikkanen won the Grade I Turf Classic Invitational at Belmont Park. Despite this important win, in the ensuing Breeders' Cup Turf at Churchill Downs he was sent off as a 16-1 longshot. Tikkanen was up against one of the strongest international fields in the race's history which included the heavy betting favorite Paradise Creek as well as top runners such as Fraise, Hatoof, Hernando, Volochine, Raintrap plus Celtic Arms who had won that year's Prix du Jockey Club and Prix Lupin and had defeated Tikkanen in both races. Ridden by future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey Mike Smith, in the homestretch Tikkanen overtook the front-running Paradise Creek and won the 1½ mile race in track record time. Racing in 1995 at age four, Tikkanen made seven starts with his best performance a second-place finish in the Group 2 Jockey Club Stakes at England's Newmarket Racecourse. Retired to stud duty, he has stood at Glebe House Stud in Ireland and as of 2007 stands at Wood Farm Stud near Telford, Shropshire in England. To date, his progeny have met with modest success. Tikkanen (horse) Tikkanen (foaled 1991 in Pennsylvania) is a French Thoroughbred racehorse who competed internationally. He was owned and bred by American George W. Strawbridge Jr., an avid ice hockey fan and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1998 UEFA European Under-18 Championship qualifying This article features the 1998 UEFA European Under-18 Championship qualifying stage. Matches were played 1997 through 1998. Two qualifying rounds were organised and seven teams qualified for the main tournament, joining host Cyprus. All matches were played in Portugal. <br> All matches were played in the Czech Republic. <br> <br> All matches were played in Moldova. <br> <br> All matches were played in France. <br> All matches were played in Malta. <br> All matches were played in Northern Ireland. <br> All matches were played in Israel. <br> <br> All matches were played in Finland. <br> All matches were played in Sweden. <br> All matches were played in Norway. <br> All matches were played in Germany. <br> 1998 UEFA European Under-18 Championship qualifying This article features the 1998 UEFA European Under-18 Championship qualifying stage. Matches were played 1997 through 1998. Two qualifying rounds were organised and seven teams qualified for the main tournament, joining host Cyprus. All matches were played in Portugal. <br> All matches were played in the Czech Republic. <br> <br> All matches were played in Moldova. <br> <br> All matches were played in France. <br> All matches were played in Malta. <br>" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bilingual vase painting Bilingual vase painting is a special form of ancient Greek vase painting. The term, derived from linguistics, is essentially a metaphorical one; it describes vases that are painted both in the black-figure and in the red-figure techniques. It also describes the transitional period when black-figure was being gradually replaced in dominance by red-figure, basically the last quarter of the 6th and the very beginning of the 5th century BC. Their appearance may be due to the initial uncertainty of the market for the new red-figure style, although that style subsequently became dominant rather fast. Bilingual vase painting was almost entirely restricted to belly amphorae of type B and to eye-cups. In some cases, either side of an amphora bore a depiction of the same motif, one in black-figure, the other in red-figure (e.g. on the belly amphora by the Andokides Painter, Munich 2301). Eye-cups usually feature a black-figure image on the interior, and red-figure motifs on the external surface. An exception to this is a \"kylix\" by the Andokides Painter in Palermo, on which the exterior is painted half in black-figure and half in red-figure. Apart from the Andokides Painter, bilingual works were produced primarily by Psiax (especially belly amphorae), as well as by Epiktetos and Oltos (eye-cups). Usually, both paintings (in both styles) on one vase are produced by the same artist. In some cases, however, this is controversial. This applies especially to the Andokides Painter, whose black-figure work is ascribed by some scholars to the Lysippides Painter, who, in turn, is sometimes seen as identical with the Andokides Painter. Bilingual vase painting Bilingual vase painting is a special form of ancient Greek vase painting. The term, derived from linguistics, is essentially a metaphorical one; it describes vases that are painted both in the black-figure and" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "1985 NBA Playoffs The 1985 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1984–85 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar was named NBA Finals MVP for the second time (he had won the award under his birth name, Lew Alcindor, as a Buck in 1971). The Lakers had been unsuccessful in their previous eight attempts to defeat the Celtics in the NBA Finals, losing 7 times from 1959–1969 and 1984. The Lakers, moreover, won the title in Boston, something no other NBA team has ever accomplished. The Cavaliers made the playoffs for the first time since 1978. It was also the first time that all three teams from Texas made the playoffs in the same year. The Denver Nuggets advanced to the conference finals for the first time since 1978 and would not advance that far again until 2009. The Philadelphia 76ers, on the other hand, advanced to the conference finals for the fifth time in six years, but would not reach that level again until 2001. It was also the first time that Turner Broadcasting we're covering the playoffs as TBS was the home for some playoff games. Champion: Los Angeles Lakers 1st Round (1) Los Angeles Lakers vs. (8) Phoenix Suns: \"Lakers win series 3-0\" This was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first four meetings. (2) Denver Nuggets vs. (7) San Antonio Spurs: \"Nuggets win series 3-2\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Spurs winning the first meeting. (3) Houston Rockets vs. (6) Utah Jazz: \"Jazz win series 3-2\" This was the first playoff meeting between the Rockets and the Jazz. (4) Dallas Mavericks vs. (5) Portland Trail Blazers: \"Trail Blazers win series 3-1\" This was the first playoff meeting between the Mavericks and the Trail Blazers. Conference Semifinals (1) Los Angeles Lakers vs. (5) Portland Trail Blazers: \"Lakers win series 4-1\" This was the third playoff meeting between these two teams, with each team winning one series apiece. (2) Denver Nuggets vs. (6) Utah Jazz: \"Nuggets win series 4-1\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Jazz winning the first meeting. Conference Finals (1) Los Angeles Lakers vs. (2) Denver Nuggets: \"Lakers win series 4-1\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Lakers winning the first meeting. Champion: Boston Celtics 1st Round (1) Boston Celtics vs. (8) Cleveland Cavaliers: \"Celtics win series 3-1\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning the first meeting. (2) Milwaukee Bucks vs. (7) Chicago Bulls: \"Bucks win series 3-1\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Bucks winning the first meeting. (3) Philadelphia 76ers vs. (6) Washington Bullets: \"76ers win series 3-1\" This was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Bullets winning two of the first three meetings. (4) Detroit Pistons vs. (5) New Jersey Nets: \"Pistons win series 3-0\" This was the first playoff meeting between the Pistons and the Nets. Conference Semifinals (1) Boston Celtics vs. (4) Detroit Pistons: \"Celtics win series 4-2\" This was the second playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning the first meeting. (2) Milwaukee Bucks vs. (3) Philadelphia 76ers: \"76ers win series 4-0\" This was the fifth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the 76ers winning three of the first four meetings. Conference Finals (1) Boston Celtics vs. (3) Philadelphia 76ers: \"Celtics win series 4-1\" This was the 18th playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning nine of the first 17 meetings. (1) Boston Celtics vs. (1) Los Angeles Lakers: \"Lakers win series 4-2\" This was the ninth playoff meeting between these two teams, with the Celtics winning the first eight meetings. 1985 NBA Playoffs The 1985 NBA Playoffs was the postseason tournament of the National Basketball Association's 1984–85 season. The tournament concluded with the Western Conference champion Los Angeles Lakers defeating the Eastern Conference champion Boston Celtics 4 games to 2" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Popcorn Chicken Popcorn Chicken is a KFC product consisting of small, \"bite-sized\" pieces of chicken that have been breaded and fried. Popcorn Chicken was invented by food technologist Gene Gagliardi. It was test-marketed in the United States from March 1992, and had been launched nationwide by September 1992. It has been periodically available in KFC outlets. It was re-introduced in the US in 1998, and again in 2001. It was later re-introduced once again in 2015, under the name \"KFC Popcorn Nuggets\". It is still available in the UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore and New Zealand. Anno 2018 also available in the Netherlands. The product is targeted at teenagers and young adults. Popcorn Chicken Popcorn Chicken is a KFC product consisting of small, \"bite-sized\" pieces of chicken that have been breaded and fried. Popcorn Chicken was invented by food technologist Gene Gagliardi. It was test-marketed in the United States from March 1992, and had been launched nationwide by September 1992. It has been periodically available in KFC outlets. It was re-introduced in the US in 1998, and again in 2001. It was later re-introduced once again in 2015, under the name \"KFC Popcorn Nuggets\". It is still available in the UK," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Wilton Mkwayi Wilton Zimasile Mkwayi was born on 17 December 1923 in Middledrift, Eastern Cape, and died on 24 July 2004. He was an African National Congress veteran and one of the first six members of Umkonto weSizwe to be sent for military training. Wilton “Bri-Bri” Zimasile Mkwayi was born in Chwarhu area near Middledrift in 1923. His parents were uneducated farmers. He was one of seven children. Mkwayi started school at age ten in a Presbyterian church building in Keiskammahoek. He had a rural childhood herding sheep and goats, and passing through circumcision school. Mkwayi became a member of the ANC at age 17, after his father, also a member of the ANC, gave him a membership card. He left school in 1943, while World War 2 was ongoing, to work at a dynamite factory in Somerset West. Mkwayi left Somerset West for Port Elizabeth in 1945 to work offloading big trucks and trains; he also worked at the docks. On 1 May 1950, he participated in the ANC Youth League’s one-day general strike and stay away across South Africa. He was a leader of the 1952 Defiance Campaign in the Eastern Cape. He was also union organiser for the African Textile Workers Union in Port Elizabeth in the early 1950s. He worked as treasurer of the South African Congress of Trade Unions. He was arrested after the Defiance Campaign for a metal workers strike and escaped with a fine. Mkwayi was one of the 156 co-accused in the 1956 Treason Trial for supporting the Freedom Charter calling for a nonracial democracy and a Socialist-based economy. Mkwayi went into hiding during the trial and the 1960 State of Emergency while the other defendants were detained, later arrested and tried during the Rivonia Trial. He was able to escape because a policeman mistook him for an ordinary member of the public. He started his exile in Lesotho with Moses Mabhida, Ambrose Makiwane and Joe Matthews. From Lesotho he journeyed to Swaziland, Congo, Ghana and the UK to meet the British Trade Unions Council (BTUC). The BTUC funded his travels to Prague, Romania and Czechoslovakia to establish contacts for the South African Council of Trade Unions. Alongside Raymond Mhlaba, Patrick Mthembu and Joe Gqabi, Wilton Mkwayi was sent for military training at the Nanking Military School in China. He met Mao Tse-tung while in China. They were the first Umkonto weSizwe trainees. He returned to Britain after his training where he met Oliver Reginald Tambo. He returned clandestinely to South Africa in 1962 to work underground and lead sabotage operations such as Operation Mayibuye. His most documented disguise was a clerical collar that allowed him to pass for a township preacher. After Nelson Mandela, Raymond Mhlaba and other co-defendants were arrested in July 1963, Mkwayi briefly took command of Umkonto weSizwe. He was arrested at his girlfriend’s house in Orlando West Extension 1964 after he was sold out by a mole within the ANC to the Apartheid police. He was detained in solitary confinement and subjected to torture while awaiting trial. Mkwayi was charged with Sabotage and Suppression of Communism Acts, with furthering the aims of communism and conspiring to bring about a violent revolution, allegedly as a member of the new High Command of Umkhonto we Sizwe. He was sentenced in December 1964 in the Little Rivonia Trial and sent to Robben Island where he met Nelson Mandela and Govan Mbeki. During his imprisonment, he was one of three prisoners – along with Nelson Mandela and Mac Maharaj planning to escape during a visit to a dentist in Cape Town. They called their escape plan off when they suspected a police trap setting them up for assassination. Mkwayi was released from Robben Island on 10 October 1989. In 1992, he was honoured with the ANC’s highest award, Isitwalandwe Medal (““the one who wears the plumes of the rare bird.”) awarded to those who have made an outstanding contribution and sacrifice to the liberation struggle. He was elected to the National Executive Committee of the ANC in July 1991 and he continued to serve as a member of the National Executive Committee of the ANC until 1997 when he stepped down due to his ill health. From 1994, he served as a member of the National Assembly. He continued to serve as a member of Parliament in the National Assembly until his death on 24 July 2004. His funeral was held in King William's Town and attended by Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka. His cremation was attended by Thabo Mbeki. In 1985, in a Robben Island Prison Ceremony, he married his childhood sweetheart Ntombifuthi Irene Khumalo and they had two children. She died of cancer in 1987. He married a second time and his wife Patricia Lang-Mkwayi survives him. Wilton Mkwayi Wilton Zimasile Mkwayi" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Rudolph Foods Rudolph Foods is a Lima, Ohio-based (actually located a few miles southeast of Lima in the unincorporated community of Westminster, Ohio) producer of snack food, in particular pork rinds and cracklins. The company has six facilities in the United States and three international ventures; it was founded in 1955, by John Rudolph. In addition to Rudolph Foods' primary business of traditional pork rinds and cracklins, Rudolph Foods also manufactures non-pork rind snacks including Rudolph’s-brand Cinnamon Churros, Original OnYums and Chile Limon Chicharinas. Its family of brands include Rudolph’s, Southern Recipe, Pepe’s El Original, Gaslamp Popcorn and Lee’s Pig Skins. Southern Recipe manufactures Southern-inspired snacks including pork rinds and cracklins. Southern Recipe makes pork rinds in various flavors including; Original, Hot & Spicy, Salt & Vinegar, Bar-B-Q and Sweet BBQ. Cracklin varieties include Traditional, Washpot, Strips, Curly, Dipper Cracklins and Red Pepper Dipper Cracklins. Southern Recipe pork rinds, as part of the salty snack category, have seen a significant increase in sales and popularity as a result of listening to consumer feedback and offering new products that deliver desired flavor profiles. Pork rinds are considered to be a low carb diet snack – with zero carbohydrates and contain more protein than peanuts. Pepe's El Original is an authentic Mexican food and snacks brand in the U.S., is produced by [Rudolph Foods] Company, Inc. Pepe’s El Original is Rudolph Foods’ oldest brand and first began production in San Antonio, Texas. The Hispanic brand maintains its heritage and dedication to authentic Pepe’s snacks with a line of chicharrones, cracklins, gigante cracklins, tender curls and dippers. Additionally, the Hispanic snack line offers other, non-pork rind Hispanic-inspired snacks including sweet, cinnamon and sugar Churros and chile limon Duros. Pepe’s El Original pork rinds have seen an increase in sales and popularity as a result of consumer feedback and new products. The brand’s chicharrones product line address the industry’s growing Hispanic food trend, and address consumer interest in “healthy munchies” and low carb diet snacks – pork rinds contain zero carbohydrates and contain more protein than peanuts. Lee's Pig Skins offers pork rinds and cracklins prepared and packaged in the Deep South and is produced by Rudolph Foods Company, Inc. Lee’s Pig Skins is based in New Hebron, Mississippi, and was founded in 1978 and incorporated in 1988. The brand’s tagline is “The Tastiest Pork Rind & Cracklin Snacks Between Texas and Tennessee.” In addition to its Lee’s Pig Skins, Dabo’s and Papa Tubs pork rinds, the snacks manufacturer also produces pork strips, curls, cracklins, dippers and washpot cracklins. Available flavors are Original, Seasoned, Hot, Hot Sweet and Salt & Vinegar. Hot & Spicy pork rinds address the industry’s growing Hispanic food trend, and overall address consumer interest in “healthy munchies” and low carb diet snacks – pork rinds contain zero carbohydrates and contain more protein than peanuts. Gaslamp Popcorn started making kettle corn in the historic Gaslamp district of San Diego in 1998. Gaslamp Popcorn now makes four flavors - Kettle Corn, Cinnamon Caramel, Olive Oil and Sea Salt, and White Cheddar. Gaslamp Popcorn is 100% natural, Non-GMO, and gluten-free. Gaslamp Popcorn is grown and popped in California. All of Rudolph Foods brands are involved in event sponsorship, community initiatives and contest hosting in the USA. In 2010, the snack brand sponsored events including the Pork Rind Heritage Festival, where product samples and merchandise were handed out. Southern Recipe maintains a strong online community of consumers, known as “the man cave”. This term stems from the brand’s typical consumer demographic – the traditional, Southern working man – after which their website is named. Southern Recipe is also involved in events, sponsorships and contests. In 2010, Southern Recipe hosted social media contest, Win The Ultimate Man Cave, as well as sponsored a local Ohio team’s participation in the World Championship Punkin Chunkin competition. Pepe's El Original is highly involved in event sponsorship, such as Fiestas Patrias in Los Angeles, as well as hosting contests across the nation. In 2010, the Hispanic pork rind brand hosted its second contest – Mi Amor, Mi Chicharrones in celebration of National Hispanic Heritage Month. In 2010, Lee's Pig Skins sponsored several events in the [Deep South] – like the Smokin’ Pig Festival in Lake City, FL and the Cracklin Festival in Porte Barre, LA. In January 2011 Rudolph Foods declared \"National Pork Rind Appreciation Day\" to be observed each year on the same day as the NFL Super Bowl. Rudolph Foods agreed to make charitable donations in return for online support of the campaign. Pork Rind Appreciation Day was launched as an annual event when thousands of consumers supported the idea that pork rinds deserve their own day. Ohio Governor John Kasich issued a letter of support of Pork Rind Appreciation Day on February 6, 2012. Each year, Rudolph Foods and its family of brands, refreshes the campaign with a new consumer promotion, as well as, a renewed commitment to their charitable partner. Since 2012, Pork Rind Appreciation Day has supported Gridiron Greats Assistance Fund, a nonprofit organization that provides medical and financial assistance to former NFL players in dire need. Rudolph Foods Rudolph Foods is a Lima, Ohio-based (actually located a few miles southeast of Lima in the unincorporated community of Westminster, Ohio) producer of snack food, in particular pork rinds and cracklins. The company has six facilities in the United States and three international ventures; it" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Two Hearts in Waltz Time Two Hearts in Waltz Time (Original title: Zwei Herzen im 3/4 Takt or Zwei Herzen im Dreiviertel Takt, literally Two Hearts in 3/4 Time) is a 1930 German film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Irene Eisinger, Walter Janssen, Oskar Karlweis, Willi Forst, Gretl Theimer and S.Z. Sakall. It is an operetta written directly for the screen, with music by Robert Stolz. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Neppach. Nicki and Vicki, two librettists who also happen to be brothers, are presently in collaboration with composer Toni. All too aware of Toni's amorous escapades, Nicki and Vicki try to keep the existence of their pretty sister Hedi a secret. Suffering from an acute case of writer's block (he has yet to find an inspiration for his next production), Toni throws a huge party, which is boycotted by his friends and associates so that he'll keep his mind on his work. The only guest who does show up is uninvited — and surprise, that guest is sweet little Hedi, who turns out to be inspiration enough for ten operettas. Released under its English language title in October 1930, \"Two Hearts in Waltz Time\" was the first foreign language film to be released with subtitles in the United States. Two Hearts in Waltz Time Two Hearts in Waltz Time (Original title: Zwei Herzen im 3/4 Takt or Zwei Herzen im Dreiviertel Takt, literally Two Hearts in 3/4 Time) is a 1930 German film directed by Géza von Bolváry and starring Irene Eisinger, Walter Janssen, Oskar Karlweis, Willi Forst, Gretl Theimer and S.Z. Sakall. It is an operetta written directly for the screen, with music by Robert Stolz. The film's sets were designed by the art director Robert Neppach. Nicki and Vicki, two" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Anaheim Piranhas The Anaheim Piranhas were a professional arena football team that played in the Arena Football League from 1994 to 1997. They played their home games at Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. The team was originally known as the Las Vegas Sting, prior to moving to Anaheim in 1996. The team was owned by future Arena Football League commissioner C. David Baker. The Las Vegas Sting was a team which competed in the Arena Football League during the 1994 and 1995 seasons. Their home games in 1994 were played in the MGM Grand Garden Arena, and they were moved to the Thomas & Mack Center on the campus of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas for the 1995 season. The team was relocated to Anaheim, California prior to the start of the 1996 season, at which time it was renamed the Anaheim Piranhas. The Piranhas played their home games at Arrowhead Pond, also the home of the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim of the National Hockey League. The team was not an overwhelmingly successful draw in the high-overhead Southern California market and folded after the conclusion of the 1997 season. The arena (now known as the Honda Center) would once again be the home of an AFL franchise with the launching of the Los Angeles Kiss in 2014. The following Sting/Piranhas players were named to All-Arena Teams: Anaheim Piranhas The Anaheim Piranhas were a professional arena football team that played in the Arena Football League from 1994 to 1997. They played their home games at Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. The team was originally known as the Las Vegas Sting, prior to moving to Anaheim in 1996. The team was owned by future Arena Football League commissioner C. David Baker. The Las Vegas Sting was a team which competed in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Kali Uchis Karly-Marina Loaiza (born July 17, 1994), known professionally as Kali Uchis, is a Colombian-American singer and songwriter. She debuted in the music industry with her 2012 mixtape, \"Drunken Babble\", which was described as \"genre-defying\". She released her first EP, \"Por Vida\", in 2015 to further recognition. Her debut studio album, \"Isolation\", was released in 2018 to widespread acclaim. Karly-Marina Loaiza was born on July 17, 1994 in Alexandria, Virginia. Her parents moved from Pereira, Colombia to the United States in the early 1990s, fleeing the conflict in Colombia. Uchis and her family moved around back and forth between the U.S. and Colombia. She started elementary school in Colombia and moved back to the U.S. in third grade. While growing up, she learned to play piano and saxophone. Uchis participated in a jazz band, before her graduation from T. C. Williams High School. Uchis often skipped classes to spend time at the photo lab, making experimental short films. Her interest in photography led to her creating mix-tape cover art. She also wrote poetry, songs and music, but did not initially intend to sing, being rather more interested in directing films than being in the spotlight. She was given the nickname \"Kali Uchis\" by her father. Shortly after graduating, Uchis released her debut mixtape \"Drunken Babble\" on August 1, 2012. The mixtape was described as \"genre-defying\", noted for its influences from doo-wop, reggae and early 2000s R&B. In 2014, she collaborated with rapper Snoop Dogg on the song \"On Edge\" from his mixtape, \"That's My Work Volume 3\". In February 2015, Uchis released her debut EP \"Por Vida\" for free download on her official website, and later on iTunes. The project featured production from various musicians, including Diplo, Tyler, the Creator, Kaytranada and BadBadNotGood. She embarked on her first tour during October 2015 with Leon Bridges, touring through the United States and parts of Canada. In 2016, her song \"Sycamore Tree\" from \"Por Vida\" was used in teasers for the television series \"\". On April 28, 2017, Gorillaz's fifth studio album, \"Humanz,\" was released, which included songs that feature Uchis, namely \"She's My Collar\" and the bonus track \"Ticker Tape\". On May 22, 2017, Uchis released \"Tyrant\", featuring English singer Jorja Smith, to serve as the first single from her then-upcoming debut studio album. On June 20, she announced her first headlining tour, specifically a North American tour in support of the album. The tour took place from August to October 2017, starting at the Outside Lands Music and Arts Festival in San Francisco, with a stop at the Pop Montreal music festival. Uchis then released \"Nuestro Planeta\", featuring Reykon, as the second single from the album on August 25, 2017. On September 27, 2017, Lana Del Rey announced that Uchis would be joining her as an opening act on select North American arena dates of her world tour, the LA to the Moon Tour. Uchis supported Del Rey from January 15, 2018, to February 16, 2018. In October 2017, Uchis was nominated for a Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year for \"El Ratico\", her collaboration with Colombian musician Juanes. She was also nominated for a Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards for \"Get You\", her collaboration with Canadian singer Daniel Caesar. On March 14, 2018, Uchis performed on \"The Tonight Show\" and announced her debut album, \"Isolation\". It was officially released worldwide on April 6, 2018. Uchis stated that she is influenced by music of the 1960s, with its mix of early soul, R&B and doo-wop, saying: \"Musically and aesthetically, the culture of it just inspires me.\" She also mentioned that she enjoys jazz, stating during her career beginnings that she draws musical inspiration from Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. Other musicians she cited as influences on her sound are Curtis Mayfield, Loose Ends, Ralfi Pagan and Irma Thomas. In 2018, Uchis started selling clothing through social shopping app Depop and donate proceeds to communities around her hometown. On an Instagram post, she captioned \"in my hometown of co[lombia] i was able to contribute medicine, groceries, school supplies, new shoes, household appliances, & even make house modifications for some families suffering from disabilities, illness, & others who had nothing after fleeing from guerrilla warfare\". In early August 2018, Uchis and her family in Pereira planned to work and help with communities in her hometown, Pereira, and in Medellín. Headlining Supporting Kali Uchis Karly-Marina Loaiza (born July 17, 1994), known professionally as Kali Uchis, is a Colombian-American singer and songwriter. She debuted in the music industry with her 2012 mixtape, \"Drunken Babble\", which was described as \"genre-defying\". She released her first EP, \"Por Vida\", in 2015 to further recognition. Her debut studio album, \"Isolation\", was released in 2018 to widespread acclaim. Karly-Marina" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Box of Frogs Box of Frogs was a band formed in 1983 by former members of The Yardbirds, who released their first album in 1984. The core group consisted of Chris Dreja, Paul Samwell-Smith, and Jim McCarty. Vocals on their eponymous album were done by John Fiddler, formerly of Medicine Head and British Lions; on the second album Fiddler sang on five tracks with guests including Graham Parker, Ian Dury and Roger Chapman singing lead on the others. Many musicians guested on their albums (including Rory Gallagher, Earl Slick and Mark Feltham), with several tracks featuring Steve Hackett. Former Yardbirds guitarists Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page guested on their first and second albums respectively. The group formation and name were explained on the sticker affixed to original LP releases: \"On June 23, 1983, as part of London's historic Marquee Club's 25th Anniversary celebrations, three original Yardbirds -- Paul Samwell-Smith, Chris Dreja and Jim McCarty -- found themselves together on stage again. This same venue had been a regular nightspot for the legendary guitar-based blues-rock band that was the springboard for the likes of Clapton, Beck and Page. For Paul, Chris and Jim, the reunion made them realize they had to make more music in the Yardbirds' tradition. They added Medicine Head John Fiddler on vocals to form the nucleus of the band. On Christmas Eve 1983, Jeff Beck joined them at a recording session at a farmhouse south of London and added his unique touch to four of the tracks. As other old friends jumped into the sessions the idea for the group's new name came about. Now with a fresh spirit and basic rock and roll roots there is a new band from across the pond.\" The group showed promise on the first album of rock radio friendly tunes, featuring Jeff Beck. The album was popular on college campuses. Plans were made for a U.S. tour, but it is alleged that Samwell-Smith, Dreja, and McCarty nixed the idea of the tour, much to John Fiddler's dismay. Jeff Beck, who along with Dzal Martin was considered as the lead guitarist for such a tour, was reportedly disgusted at his ex-bandmates' refusal to tour America. He took no part on the second album, \"Strange Land\" (1986) and Fiddler barely chose to do so before walking out. \"Asylum\" is one of the few songs Fiddler sang on, and was the only one featuring Page. The track \"Back Where I Started\" is regularly included in the set-list of the revived Yardbirds. All lead vocals by John Fiddler. Produced by Paul Samwell-Smith Bonus track: 10. Nine Lives (?) John Fiddler, lead vocals Produced by Paul Samwell-Smith The Frogs: with : (First Album) - (Strange Land) - additionally: Box of Frogs Box of Frogs was a band formed in 1983 by former members of The Yardbirds, who released their first album in 1984. The core group consisted of Chris Dreja, Paul Samwell-Smith, and Jim McCarty. Vocals on their eponymous album were done by John Fiddler," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Tournoi de Québec The Tournoi de Québec, currently sponsored as Coupe Banque Nationale (or also known as National Bank Cup in English-language media), is a WTA Tour International tennis tournament held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada since 1993. The tournament is the last women's professional tennis tournament still played on indoor carpet courts. It is held at the PEPS stadium. The tournament was known as Challenge Bell from the first edition to 2013. In 1997, Dutchwoman Brenda Schultz-McCarthy defeated Belgian Dominique Van Roost to win her second title in Quebec City (also won in 1995 and finalist in 1994), the only woman in the history of the tournament to do so. The following year, American Tara Snyder won her first WTA Tour title with a hard fought victory over fellow American and former top 10 player Chanda Rubin (Rubin was also runner-up in 1999 and won the tournament in 2000), as she saved two match points during the match. In 2006, top-seed and 2013 Wimbledon champion Marion Bartoli of France defeated Russian Olga Puchkova 6–0, 6–0, the first double bagel in a WTA Tour final for 13 years. Players who have won the event and gone on to win Grand Slam titles include 1999 champion Jennifer Capriati, 2003 champion Maria Sharapova, who both went on to become World No. 1, and 2006 champion Bartoli. American Lindsay Davenport, a three-time Grand Slam champion, won the event in 2007, in only her third event after returning to the tour after giving birth to her son. Tournoi de Québec The Tournoi de Québec, currently sponsored as Coupe Banque Nationale (or also known as National Bank Cup in English-language media), is a WTA Tour International tennis tournament held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada since 1993. The tournament is the last women's professional tennis tournament" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "It Happened in Monterey \"It Happened in Monterey\" or \"It Happened in Monterrey\" is a 1930 song composed by Mabel Wayne, with lyrics by Billy Rose and performed by Paul Whiteman and his orchestra. It was written for the 1930 musical film, \"King of Jazz\", and was subsequently covered several different times in short succession including by the Regent Club Orchestra, George Olsen and Ruth Etting. It fell out of popularity until Frank Sinatra re-recorded it for both his 1956 Capitol release \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\" and his 1957 live album \"Sinatra '57 in Concert\". \"It Happened in Monterey\" was written for the 1930 musical film, \"King of Jazz\". The film featured Paul Whiteman and his orchestra, while the song, written in waltz time, was composed by Mabel Wayne, with lyrics by Billy Rose. Though the lyrics refer to the city of Monterrey in \"Old Mexico\", the song title was misspelled, leading to popular references to the city of Monterey, California. The song was performed by John Boles and Jeanette Loff in the film. The song appears in a sequence of disparate musical performances, each introduced by a caption card, that appear between the two main production numbers. The Paul Whiteman Orchestra then recorded the song for Columbia Records on March 21, 1930, featuring vocals by Jack Fulton. This recording features significant solos for flute and piccolo performed by Bernie Daly. The recording was a hit. Researcher Joel Whitburn estimates that this record would have charted at number 2 in April 1930. The song was covered several times following the appearance in \"King of Jazz\", including by George Olsen and Vincent Lopez. Other popular versions were by the Regent Club Orchestra on Brunswick Records, and Ruth Etting. Bing Crosby sang the song with Whiteman's orchestra in a performance at the Seattle Civic Auditorium, which was broadcast nationwide live via the Columbia Broadcasting System in April 1930. Mel Tormé recorded it with his Mel-Tones and Sonny Burke and his orchestra on the Musicraft Records label in 1946. By the 1950s, the song had declined in popularity and was rarely sung until it was revived and popularized again by Frank Sinatra. Sinatra recorded it for his 1956 Capitol release \"Songs for Swingin' Lovers!\", to an arrangement and orchestration by Nelson Riddle. Biographer John Frayn Turner writes: \"Not forgetting 'It Happened in Monterey', which had never sounded like that before or since\". Biographer Spencer Leigh notes the \"looseness of his phrasing in the second chorus\". Sinatra began performing it live; it features as the second track on his 1957 live album \"Sinatra '57 in Concert\". Bing Crosby and Rosemary Clooney included the song in their 1958 album \"Fancy Meeting You Here\" with updated lyrics. Actor Al Pacino lip-synced the Sinatra version of the song in the final scene of the 1997 film \"The Devil's Advocate\". In 2006 Doug Gamble, a corporate and humor writer, penned new lyrics for the song as a way of promoting the city of Monterey, California. It Happened in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "George Beachcroft George Richard Peckham Beachcroft (1871 – 24 June 1941) was an influential early administrator of the Richmond Football Club. He served as club secretary from 1900 until 1905, when Richmond was in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). During his tenure the club won the VFA premierships of 1902 and 1905. With the club then in the Victorian Football League (VFL), the election of Jack Archer's reform group saw Beachcroft return to Richmond, once again as club secretary, for one season in 1912. He was also secretary of the Melbourne Football Club for one season, in 1907. He was made a life member of the Richmond Football Club in 1906. Beachcroft was also a founding member of the Richmond Rowing Club and a general secretary of the Victorian Junior Cricket Association. George Beachcroft George Richard Peckham Beachcroft (1871 – 24 June 1941) was an influential early administrator of the Richmond Football Club. He served as club secretary from 1900 until 1905, when Richmond was in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). During his tenure the club won the VFA premierships of 1902 and 1905. With the club then in the Victorian Football League (VFL), the election of Jack Archer's reform" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Carolina Bartczak Carolina Bartczak (born October 5, 1985 in Gehrden, Germany) is a Canadian/Polish actress. She is known for her role as Magda Lehnsherr, the wife of Erik Lehnsherr/Magneto in \"\" and as Maura Mackenzie in the CBC film \"An Audience of Chairs\". Bartczak immigrated to Canada when she was young and grew up in Kitchener, Ontario. She studied biochemistry at the University of Toronto and worked as a travel writer/photographer in southern Croatia. She turned to acting in 2009 and attended the Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre in New York City. Bartczak's first role was playing the voice of Alfred Hedgehog in the cartoon \"The Mysteries of Alfred Hedgehog\". Her first on screen role was playing a high maintenance mother opposite Brendan Gleeson, and Neil Patrick Harris in \"The Smurfs 2\". Bartczak also played Nurse Clara in the action film \"Brick Mansions\" opposite Paul Walker and as Amanda Dean in the film \"Business Ethics\" opposite Larenz Tate. Her most famous role has been playing Magda Lehnsherr, the wife of Erik Lehnsherr in the Marvel comic series X-Men. In \"\", Erik Lehnsherr, played by Michael Fassbender, becomes Magneto after he is enraged by Magda's murder. Carolina Bartczak Carolina Bartczak" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "KGNX KGNX (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Ballwin, Missouri, United States. The station is owned by Missouri River Christian Broadcasting, Inc., and airs religious programming as an affiliate of The Good News Voice and a member of the Moody Broadcasting Network. KGNX airs a variety of Christian Talk and Teaching programs including; Back to the Bible, Focus on the Family, Grace to You with John MacArthur, Revive our Hearts with Nancy Leigh DeMoss, Insight for Living with Chuck Swindoll, Truth for Life with Alistair Begg, In the Market with Janet Parshall, Love Worth Finding with Adrian Rogers, Turning Point with David Jeremiah, Joni & Friends, and Unshackled!. KGNX also airs Christian music overnight. From the station's sign-on in 1978 until September 2008, this station was owned by West County Family YMCA, a branch of the YMCA of Greater St. Louis, and served the western St Louis, Missouri, area. The station was assigned the KYMC call letters by the Federal Communications Commission in 1978 and was granted its initial license to cover on June 19, 1980. KYMC was the only radio station owned by a YMCA in the United States. KYMC was the first alternative rock station in the St. Louis area and was a non-commercial station. In the 1990s many bands played their music live in the studio, including Everclear, Alanis Morissette and Live. At its peak in the Spring of 1992, KYMC was run by program director Glen Allen and music director Greg Berg. The station was officially managed by YMCA employee Ruth Ady. Under the leadership of Glen Allen, the station achieved tremendous success by streamlining the alternative rock music format for the Saint Louis audience, a first in the area. Incoming funding from pledge drives and sponsorships reached an all-time high for the station. The popularity of the alternative rock format on such a small station helped pave the way for viability of the format on a larger scale. KPNT (105.7 The Point) began operation soon after that in March 1993. Greg Berg was one of the few KYMC DJs to be hired as on-air talent by The Point. The station's popularity fell into decline as its content became more fragmented. Income from pledge drives and sponsorships waned. Under the leadership of General Manager, Natalie Hall, by the end of 2006, KYMC was beginning to regain notoriety. Re-branded with a new logo and website, revenue was steadily increasing. KYMC was running state of the art programming software and gaining additional sponsorships. By the end of the station's run, KYMC was looking into technology for streaming online. During KYMC's peak in popularity in the Spring of 1992, general manager Ruth Ady used most of the station revenues for other YMCA programs, leaving the station's broadcasting equipment in a constant state of dysfunction. In May 1992, Ruth Ady fired Glen Allen, Greg Berg, and most of the DJ staff, with the intention of turning the station back into \"kiddy radio camp\" for the YMCA. Large protests were organized by Joey Jay and some of the remaining DJs, receiving front page coverage in the \"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\". \"Effective Jan. 1, (2007) the station will go dark,\" said Denise Glass, executive director of the West County Family YMCA, \"The YMCA of Greater St. Louis is a not-for-profit charitable organization. During our budget process for 2007, it was determined we would cease operations of the station due to budgetary constraints.\" \"Annual Campaign dollars were thought to have subsidized the operations of the radio station, regardless of dollars raised, the executive director and district vice president concluded campaign money was better spent in other areas\", says former General Manager, Natalie Hall. \"It is a sad day for all who devoted time and effort into making KYMC a great community outlet.\" After officially falling silent on January 8, 2007, the station applied to the FCC for special temporary authority to remain silent and authorization was granted on January 9, 2007. This authority was renewed by the FCC on January 30, 2008. This authority was set to expire on July 28, 2008. A grassroots movement to \"save\" KYMC sprung up but was ultimately unsuccessful. In July 2008 and with the final remain silent authority about to expire, the YMCA of Greater St. Louis reached an agreement to sell this station to Missouri River Christian Broadcasting, Inc. The deal was approved by the FCC on August 22, 2008, and the transaction was consummated on September 19, 2008. The new owners announced plans to return KYMC to the air with religious programming as a member of \"The Good News Voice\" network of stations, featuring some programming from the Moody Broadcasting Network. KGNX simulcasts the programming of KGNV in Washington, Missouri, KGNA-FM in Arnold, Missouri, and KGNN-FM in Cuba, Missouri. On October 30, 2008, KYMC was granted a main studio waiver allowing the station to be run from facilities outside the station's community of license. The station changed its call sign from KYMC to KGNX on August 28, 2009. KGNX KGNX (89.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Ballwin, Missouri, United States. The station is owned by Missouri River Christian Broadcasting, Inc., and airs religious programming as an affiliate of The Good News Voice and a member of the Moody Broadcasting Network. KGNX airs a variety of Christian Talk and Teaching programs including; Back to the Bible, Focus on the Family, Grace" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Raymond Lewis Raymond Lewis (September 3, 1952 - February 11, 2001) was an American basketball and streetball player. He played at the Rucker Park The Philadelphia 76ers drafted Lewis eighteenth in the first round of the 1973 NBA draft out of California State University, Los Angeles. During training camp he was reported to have had a nasty contract dispute and was told to mature for another year. Lewis walked out of his rookie year after a contact negotiation disagreement with the 76ers. His second professional year he tried to play for the ABA's Utah Stars but the 76ers threatened a lawsuit that kept him from playing. The following year Lewis said he left because the 76ers \"tore up my original agreement and said, 'Now you have to make the team.' There were 12 guys on the team with guaranteed contracts. I said, 'Wait a minute.' \" Lewis died of complications following an attempted amputation of an infected leg. Raymond Lewis Raymond Lewis (September 3, 1952 - February 11, 2001) was an American basketball and streetball player. He played at the Rucker Park The Philadelphia 76ers drafted Lewis eighteenth in the first round of the 1973 NBA draft out of California" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Todd Bodine Todd Bodine (born February 27, 1964) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Todd is the younger brother of former racers Geoffrey and Brett Bodine. Bodine is known for his bald head, which has given him the nickname The Onion. Bodine would make his Busch Series debut in 1986, for Pistone Racing at Martinsville. He qualified and finished 27th in the 30-car field, falling out of the race early with an engine problem. Bodine went on a three-year hiatus from the series until 1990, when he would drive eight races for Diamond Ridge Motorsports #42/#81 Ames Pontiac, making his season debut at Martinsville. He started 11th and finished in the 8th position. He then followed that up with finishes of 7th at Orange County and 3rd at Dover Downs. In 1991, he signed to drive for Frank Cicci. In his first full season in the series, he won his first career race, one of 15 top-10s in 1991. Bodine also won his first two poles: Back to back at Dublin and South Boston. He ended the year seventh in points. Bodine's career in Cup started at Watkins Glen International Raceway on August 9, 1992 when he was 28 years old. He raced the No. 34 Ford Thunderbird for Cicci-Welliver Racing, finishing 37th. His first full-time season came in 1994 when he raced for Butch Mock Motorsports. He raced the No. 75 Ford Thunderbird sponsored by Factory Stores. He missed one race the whole season and scored two Top 5s and seven Top 10s on his way to a 20th-place position in the point standings. He was unable to match those statistics in 1995 as he finished 33rd in the points with only one Top 5 and 3 Top 10s. Following his release from Butch Mock, Bodine spent 1996, filling in for Bill Elliott in a four-race span, finishing 10th at Pocono. He also drove three races apiece for David Blair Motorsports and Andy Petree Racing. In 1997, he filled in for Ricky Craven at Hendrick Motorsports at Texas and for his brother Geoff at Charlotte Motor Speedway, before he won the pole at Watkins Glen for Cicci-Welliver in a one-race deal. He finished 35th due to engine problems in that race. Todd started races for five different teams in 1997. At Loudon, he relieved Jeff Burton, who had an inner ear problem and exited his Roush Racing car after 68 laps. He has a daughter named Ashlyn. She was born May 21, 1998. For 1998, he signed with a new team called ISM Racing. Unfortunately, the team struggled ' he was temporarily replaced by Loy Allen, Jr. for the Pepsi 400 in July, then after the race was delayed to October was fired by the team before the next race at New Hampshire International Speedway. He went back to Cicci-Welliver in the Busch Series, replacing rookie Mike Cope in the No. 30 Slim Jim car. He finished 33rd in points despite running 13 races, and posted a string of five consecutive top-five finishes. He also ran part-time in cup for LJ Racing, posting a fifth at Atlanta. In 1999, his Cicci-Welliver team switched to No. 66, and he posted ten top-fives en route a fourth-place points finish. In addition, he ran seven races for Eel River Racing at the Cup level, his best finish being 15th at Bristol. In 2000, he won a pole at Talladega as well as the race at Michigan. He would get back into Cup racing full-time in 2001 while racing the No. 66 K-Mart Ford Taurus which was owned by Haas-Carter Motorsports. Despite getting three poles, he only scored two Top 5s, missed the Daytona 500, and was plagued with 12 DNFs, causing him to finish 29th in points. He also won the exhibition No-Bull Sprint, which put him into the Winston at Lowe's Motor Speedway. He also ran half the schedule in the Busch Series, winning two of the first three races of the season with Buckshot Racing, before ending the season driving for Fitz Motorsports. He started 2002 with the 66, but lost his ride after Kmart filed for bankruptcy. He signed on to Herzog Motorsports and won the Kroger 300, finishing 23rd in points. During the season, he rejoined Haas-Carter when Discover Card became the team's primary sponsor. He garnered a fifth-place run at Richmond, and finished 38th in points. In 2003, Carter partnered with Sam Belnavis to field the No. 54 United States National Guard Ford for Bodine. Bodine's best finish that year was an eighth at Pocono and he finished 31st in standings. After that year, Belnavis abandoned the operation and took sponsors National Guard and Subway to Roush Racing and the Carter team closed its doors due to lack of sponsorship. Bodine also got a win at Darlington in the Busch Series for Herzog and led the Busch Series points standings but again a lack of sponsorship forced his team to close. He ended the season at Innovative Motorsports. He split 2004 between Mach 1 Racing, Arnold Motorsports, and R&J Racing, his best finish a 23rd at Bristol. He ran five Busch races for GIC-Mixon Motorsports and Marsh Racing, finishing fifth at Homestead. Bodine made his Craftsman Truck Series debut in 1995 driving for Roush Racing's No. 61 Ford for 5 races. In his debut, Bodine qualified 3rd on the road course at Heartland Park Topeka, and finished fourth. His worst finish was at Mesa Marin Raceway, where he finished eighth an 8th place, earned his best start of 2nd and led his first career lap. Bodine did not run the Trucks again until 2004, when he competed for Fiddleback Racing at Charlotte, finishing 20th and also ran for HT Motorsports's No. 59 Dodge at Kansas with a 15th. Later, he signed with the new Germain-Arnold Racing team, finishing 4th in their debut at Richmond. After losing in Vegas to Shane Hmiel, Bodine won his first two career races back-to-back at Fontana and Texas. Competing in ten events, Bodine averaged a 13th-place finish in his events, despite falling out of three with mechanical issues. Unfortunately, neither Bodine nor crew chief Mike Hillman Jr. were happy with contract issues and the team leadership. So Bodine parted ways with the team and went back to Fiddleback Racing, where he would drive in 2005. Bodine was able to earn four top-10s with the team in ten starts, but inconsistency was weighing him down to 8th place in points. Fiddleback also had no funding and after a 9th place at Michigan the team was disbanded. Germain-Arnold signed to have him come back. He won in his second race with the team at Kansas and rolled to four more victories, including three straight at the end of the season. By winning the final three races of the season, he made a serious run for the title. With four races remaining in the season Todd was fourth in the standings, a dismal 256 points behind leader Ted Musgrave. With Bodine's three wins, he was able to gain one spot to third and an entire 183 points on Musgrave to finish only 73 points behind. In 2006, Bodine was once again behind the wheel of the No. 30 Lumber Liquidators Toyota. Bodine won at Atlanta, Gateway, and Texas. Bodine won the 2006 Craftsman Truck Series championship on November 17, 2006 by 122 points over Johnny Benson; it was Bodine's first-ever championship in any division. Starting in 2009 Lumber Liquidators left the No. 30 truck, while Copart came along to become the sponsor for the season, while still driving for Germain Racing. On November 13, 2010, Bodine won his 2nd Camping World Truck Series title. For 2011, Bodine struggled with consistency, as he suffered bad luck in most of the first 10 races. Sponsorship was also a constant issue for the No. 30 team, and they managed to run 10 races with limited sponsorship. However, after Kentucky, Germain was unable to send the 30 team to Iowa without a sponsor. The week before the race at Iowa, Germain partnered with Randy Moss Motorsports to put Bodine in their 5 truck for the rest of 2011. Bodine went winless in 2011, and subsequently left Germain when the team decided to put its focus on the Sprint Cup Series. In 2012, Bodine was picked up by Red Horse Racing to run a full schedule. Bodine would run subsequent races with ToyotaCare sponsorship, and won the sixth race of", "13, 2010, Bodine won his 2nd Camping World Truck Series title. For 2011, Bodine struggled with consistency, as he suffered bad luck in most of the first 10 races. Sponsorship was also a constant issue for the No. 30 team, and they managed to run 10 races with limited sponsorship. However, after Kentucky, Germain was unable to send the 30 team to Iowa without a sponsor. The week before the race at Iowa, Germain partnered with Randy Moss Motorsports to put Bodine in their 5 truck for the rest of 2011. Bodine went winless in 2011, and subsequently left Germain when the team decided to put its focus on the Sprint Cup Series. In 2012, Bodine was picked up by Red Horse Racing to run a full schedule. Bodine would run subsequent races with ToyotaCare sponsorship, and won the sixth race of the season, at Dover International Speedway, in a rain-shortened event. Bodine started the 2013 season driving for ThorSport Racing at Daytona International Speedway, finishing 11th. Bodine currently works on Fox Sports 1 as a color analyst for select Camping World Truck Series races when Michael Waltrip is unavailable. Season still in progress<br> Todd Bodine Todd Bodine (born February 27, 1964) is an American professional stock car racing driver. Todd is the younger brother of former racers Geoffrey and Brett Bodine. Bodine is known for his bald head, which" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Chic Anderson Charles David (Chic) Anderson (December 17, 1931 – March 24, 1979) was an American sportscaster and public address announcer specializing in Thoroughbred horse racing. He was one of American sports' most famous PA voices, and remains among its most revered race callers. A native of Evansville, Indiana, Anderson got his start in horse racing in 1951, working part-time in the mutuel department at Dade Park (now Ellis Park Racecourse) in nearby Henderson, Kentucky. Eight years later, in 1959, Anderson became track announcer. The following year, in 1960, Anderson also became the public-address voice of Churchill Downs, home of the Kentucky Derby. He would call 16 Runs for the Roses between then and 1977. During that stretch, Anderson also worked as a Midwest sports anchor, gaining the TV experience that would serve him well nationally in the 1970s. In addition to Ellis and Churchill, Anderson worked at Oaklawn Park, Santa Anita Park, Ak-Sar-Ben and Arlington Park racetracks in the 1960s and 1970s. Starting in 1969, Anderson's Derby calls would not only be heard by Churchill patrons but also on the CBS Television Network, where he assumed Jack Drees' role on the network's coverage of all three Triple Crown races, as well as other thoroughbred events. Anderson would eventually gain a level of fame as a national race caller exceeded only by that of Clem McCarthy and Ted Husing. Because of his TV experience and knowledge of horses, CBS adopted him as a full-fledged member of their sportscasting team for big races, providing jockey interviews and insights as well as the race calls. Anderson would remain at Churchill Downs until May 1977. After calling Seattle Slew's victory in the Derby for both Churchill and ABC Television, he moved his base of operations to the New York Racing Association tracks (including Belmont Park), succeeding NYRA race caller Dave Johnson. That allowed him to call Slew's victory in the 1977 Belmont Stakes for the racetrack, which likely makes Anderson the only man to call two Triple Crown races on the tracks' public-address systems in one year. During his NYRA tenure, Anderson's daily calls would not only be heard by fans at the track, but also on WCBS Radio. In fall 1978, Anderson called Slew's last race, the Stuyvesant Handicap at Aqueduct Racetrack, live for CBS Television, WCBS radio and, the Big A fans. As Slew, ridden by Angel Cordero, Jr., roared down the stretch far enough in front to ensure a win, Anderson emoted. \"Ladies and gentlemen, here he is, the champion of the world, Seattle Slew!\" For CBS Television, Anderson authored the two most famous calls in horse-racing history—and two of the most famous sportscasts in TV history—the Triple Crown clinchings in the Belmont Stakes of 1973 and 1978. He was behind the CBS mic on June 9, 1973, when Derby and Preakness Stakes winner Secretariat tried to become the first horse in a quarter century to win the Crown. A stunned Anderson punctuated Big Red's powerful move on the final turn of the '73 Belmont this way, focusing on Secretariat while still keeping tabs on the other horses' positions: A few minutes later, reviewing the videotape of Secretariat's stretch romp, Anderson humbly admitted it was hard to count lengths as Secretariat raced toward home. \"I said twenty-five,\" Anderson said. \"It could conceivably have been more.\" In fact, the champion's winning margin was fully 31 lengths—a distance it took careful examination of videotape and trackside photographs to measure. Secretariat was so far ahead when he crossed the finish line that the TV camera operator had to pan to the left to pick up the rest of the field, in lieu of leaving an \"empty\" track in the viewer's line of sight for a few seconds. Five years later, for both CBS Sports and the Belmont Park fans, Anderson called a Belmont Stakes race that was as close as the 1973 Belmont was a romp. Affirmed and Alydar—who battled each other closely both as 2-year-old horses and in the 1978 Triple Crown races (with Affirmed prevailing barely in both the Derby and Preakness)—renewed their battle in that year's Belmont. They hooked up in earnest a half-mile into the race and held a virtual match race for the rest of the event. Then, shutting off the PA microphone (as track announcers did then) but keeping his CBS mic hot, he described the final moment of victory: Anderson's style as a public-address announcer—even when the PA call was also carried on TV—was low-key, almost robotic, at the start of a race. (On arena PA systems, rapid-fire calls often end up a blur to the ears of fans scattered throughout a track or stadium). Then Anderson would pick up a vibrant pace halfway through the race. Anderson used a more animated style at the start when his call aired only on TV, maintaining a brisk pace while remaining measured, avoiding the cliches and the screaming style other track announcers adopted in the 1980s and beyond. Anderson's only prominent mistake came in the 1975 Derby, which he called for both the Churchill fans and ABC Television. Confused by the similar silks of Foolish Pleasure and Prince Thou Art, he described Prince Thou Art as the leader during the late stages of the race, before correcting himself near the end. A newspaper headline on Anderson's rare error read \"Prince Thou Ain't\". History-minded observers compared it to a similar mistake that announcer Clem McCarthy had made during the running of the 1947 Preakness Stakes. Anderson died of a heart attack on March 24, 1979, at his home in Commack, New York, on Long Island. He was succeeded at both NYRA and CBS by his backup, Marshall Cassidy. Chic Anderson Charles David (Chic) Anderson (December 17, 1931 – March 24, 1979) was an American sportscaster and public address announcer specializing in Thoroughbred horse racing. He was one of American sports' most famous PA voices, and remains among its most revered race callers. A native of Evansville, Indiana, Anderson got" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Annick Press Annick Press is a Canadian book publishing company that was founded in Toronto, Ontario in 1975 by Anne Millyard and Rick Wilks. Rick Wilks became the sole owner in 2000. A second editorial office was opened in Vancouver by Colleen MacMillan in 1999. Annick Press publishes approximately thirty books of fiction and non-fiction for children and young adults per year. Annick Press is a member of the Association of Canadian Publishers, the Organization of Book Publishers of Ontario, and IBBY Canada. It was recently made a part of the Canadian government's \"Read Up On It\" programme through Library and Archives Canada. Annick Press Annick Press is a Canadian book publishing company that was founded in Toronto, Ontario in 1975 by Anne Millyard and Rick Wilks. Rick Wilks became the sole owner in 2000. A second editorial office was opened in Vancouver by Colleen MacMillan in 1999. Annick Press publishes approximately thirty books of fiction and non-fiction for children and young adults per year. Annick Press is a member of the Association of Canadian Publishers, the Organization of Book Publishers of Ontario, and IBBY Canada. It was recently made a part of the Canadian government's \"Read Up On It\"" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Palmas Del Mar Beach Resort Palmas del Mar is a beach resort located in the municipality of Humacao, Puerto Rico, on the southeast corner of the island. Set in approximately of land, the resort includes over 25 different neighborhoods (many of which consist of villas); a bank; retail shops; The Palmas Academy, a private school; an equestrian centre; two golf courses; 20 tennis courts; 16 restaurants; a casino; a country club with spa; a beach club; a full-service marina; and security and strict-access control 24 hours a day. The school inside the resort is called Palmas Academy. It was founded in 1992 by a group of parents and educators. The Academy is a coeducational, nonsectarian institution with English as the language of instruction and an excellent Spanish curriculum. The campus has of land surrounded by a natural settings. The Academy has access to many of the facilities at Palmas del Mar community. The school also instructs in sports such as soccer, volleyball, golf, cross country, basketball, tennis, track and field, and swimming. In addition, the school also has several clubs, such as The Drama Club, The Debate Club, The Environmental Club, The Living Green Team, El Club de Oratoria, Advanced Art, The Student Council, among others. A large portion of the Puerto Rican boy band Menudo's second feature film, Una Aventura Llamada Menudo, was filmed at Palmas del Mar. Palmas Del Mar Beach Resort Palmas del Mar is a beach resort located in the municipality of Humacao, Puerto Rico, on the southeast corner of the island. Set in approximately of land, the resort includes over 25 different neighborhoods (many of which consist of villas); a bank; retail shops; The Palmas Academy, a private school; an equestrian centre; two golf courses; 20 tennis courts; 16 restaurants; a casino; a country club" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Amy Edwards Amy Edwards is an Australian actor and singer, perhaps best known for playing Michelle Thomas on the Australian television series, \"All Saints\" on Channel 7 and for her roles in the musicals \"Priscilla, Queen of the Desert\" and \"The Lion King\". Amy grew up on New South Wales’ Central Coast and began dance lessons at the age of seven, acting lessons at the age of nine and singing lesson when she was 11 years old. Amy attended The McDonald College of Performing Arts in North Strathfield, New South Wales where she studied drama, music and dance. In 2005, Amy starred in \"All Saints\", playing 'Michelle Thomas', an abused prostitute, before going on to play a variety of roles, including Sarabi, in the Australian production of \"The Lion King\". Amy's next major role would come in 2009 when she appeared in the original West End production of \"Priscilla, Queen of the Desert\". As the show's assistant dance captain and swing, she appeared as a Diva, Cynthia and Marion during her two-year run. Amy Edwards Amy Edwards is an Australian actor and singer, perhaps best known for playing Michelle Thomas on the Australian television series, \"All Saints\" on Channel 7" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Claude, Texas Claude is a city in and the county seat of Armstrong County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,196 at the 2010 census. It is located east of Amarillo in the south Texas Panhandle. Claude is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area but is some thirty miles east of Amarillo. During the first half of the 16th century, the Spanish conquistador Francisco Coronado and his party passed through Claude and Tule Canyon, a scenic wonder to the south of Claude off Texas State Highway 207. Claude was originally named Armstrong City after several area ranches named Armstrong. The town name became Claude in 1887. Claude Ayres was the engineer of the Fort Worth and Denver Railway, the first train to travel through the area. When Armstrong County was formed in 1890, Claude and Washburn competed to be the county seat. The tie-breaking vote for Claude was reportedly cast by the legendary cattleman Charles Goodnight, former co-owner of the nearby JA Ranch. The Armstrong County Courthouse in Claude dates to 1912. W.A. Warner (1864-1934), a physician in Claude, organized Boy Scouts of America Troop 17 in the spring of 1912. Thirty boys met in his drugstore. As scoutmaster, Dr. Warner trained many of the future civic leaders of Claude. During his medical career, Warner delivered some two thousand babies. Mrs. Warner, the former Phebe Kerrick (1866-1935) became an active community leader in Claude. Both were Illinois natives but Descendants of South West Haiti. W.S. Decker established a weekly newspaper, \"The Claude Argus\", which later merged with the \"Goodnight News\" to become \"The Claude News\" in 1890. The Armstrong County Museum has local and western-themed exhibits. Claude is located at , about east of Amarillo. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Claude has a semi-arid climate, abbreviated \"BSk\" on climate maps. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,313 people, 479 households, and 362 families residing in the city. The population density was 766.5 people per square mile (296.5/km). There were 538 housing units at an average density of 314.1/sq mi (121.5/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.96% White, 0.23% African American, 0.46% Native American, 2.89% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.56% of the population. There were 479 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.6% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.01. In the city, the population was spread out with 26.0% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 24.2% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 20.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $38,641, and the median income for a family was $43,750. Males had a median income of $33,542 versus $21,371 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,299. About 8.8% of families and 12.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 17.5% of those age 65 or over. Several movies have been filmed in and around Claude including \"Hud\" starring Paul Newman (1963), \"Leap of Faith\", and \"Sunshine Christmas\" starring Cliff DeYoung (1977). Additionally, the closing sunset scene in \"Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade\" (1989) was shot in Claude. The Claude Independent School District serves Claude and home to the Claude High School Mustangs. The first school in Claude was built in 1883. In 1907, a three-story building replaced the original building at a cost of $14,000. Unfortunately, years later a fire burned most of this building down. The portion of the building that was restored currently houses the Claude Junior High School. During the 1930s, Claude had the only official-sized gymnasium in the area. The West Texas State College (now West Texas A&M University) basketball team used it on numerous occasions. Claude, Texas Claude is a city in and the county seat of Armstrong County, Texas, United States. The population was 1,196 at the 2010 census. It is located east of Amarillo in the south Texas Panhandle. Claude is part of the Amarillo Metropolitan Statistical Area but is some thirty miles east of Amarillo. During the first" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Conspiracy of Nobles (1632) The Conspiracy of Nobles (French: \"La conspiration des nobles\") was a plot in 1632 to divide the Spanish Netherlands between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of France. The Belgian aristocrats behind the plot were frustrated at their exclusion from the decision-making process by Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who was chief minister to Philip IV of Spain, sovereign ruler of the Spanish Netherlands. Among the conspirators were Counts Hendrik van den Bergh and René de Renesse, 1st Count of Warfusée, the only two of the conspirators to act. The plan came to nothing, but the existence of the conspiracy had a major impact on subsequent political developments, and the defection of Hendrik van den Bergh was a serious blow to the military leadership of the Army of Flanders and the prestige of the Habsburg dynasty. Only in 1634 did the Spanish government begin to gain a picture of the extent of the plot, through revelations made by Balthazar Gerbier, Charles I of England's resident agent in Brussels. On the basis of Gerbier's denunciations, Albert de Ligne, Prince of Barbançon, spent eight years in prison (1634–1642) without being brought to trial. The Duke of Aarschot, who had known of the plot but had dissuaded the conspirators, spent his final years under house arrest in Madrid for having failed to denounce it. Conspiracy of Nobles (1632) The Conspiracy of Nobles (French: \"La conspiration des nobles\") was a plot in 1632 to divide the Spanish Netherlands between the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of France. The Belgian aristocrats behind the plot were frustrated at their exclusion from the decision-making process by Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, who was chief minister to Philip IV of Spain, sovereign ruler of the Spanish Netherlands. Among the conspirators were Counts" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Cultural Santa Rosa Cultural Santa Rosa is a Peruvian football club, located in the city of Andahuaylas, Apurímac, Peru. In the 2010 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Alianza Unicachi. In the 2011 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Franciscano San Román and José María Arguedas. In the 2013 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Franciscano San Román and Fuerza Minera. In the 2015 Copa Perú, the club classified to National Stage but was eliminated by Sport Ancash in the Round of 16. Cultural Santa Rosa Cultural Santa Rosa is a Peruvian football club, located in the city of Andahuaylas, Apurímac, Peru. In the 2010 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Alianza Unicachi. In the 2011 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Franciscano San Román and José María Arguedas. In the 2013 Copa Perú, the club classified to Regional Stage but was eliminated by Franciscano San Román and Fuerza Minera. In the 2015 Copa Perú, the club classified to National Stage but was eliminated by Sport Ancash in the Round" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Shipping container A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. In the context of international shipping trade, \"container\" or \"shipping container\" is virtually synonymous with \"intermodal freight container,\" a container designed to be moved from one mode of transport to another without unloading and reloading. Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries. There are about seventeen million intermodal containers in the world, and a large proportion of the world's long-distance freight generated by international trade is transported in shipping containers. In addition, it is estimated that several million of these containers have now been discarded due to the shipping cost of sending them back to their port of origin. Their invention made a major contribution to the globalization of commerce in the second half of the 20th century, dramatically reducing the cost of transporting goods and hence of long-distance trade. Specialized shipping containers include: high cube containers (providing an extra in height to standard shipping containers), pallet wides, open tops, side loaders, double door or tunnel-tainers, and temperature controlled containers. Another specialized container, known as Transtainer, is a portable fuel and oil freight container. The hybrid bulk fuel tank is originally intended for the construction, mining, logging and farming sectors. The tank can be used to transport and store bulk fuels as well as dangerous liquids, by road, rail and sea. Corrugated boxes are commonly used as shipping containers (more than 90% of all shipping containers are of this type). They are made of corrugated fiberboard which is lightweight, recyclable, and strong enough to ship a variety of products. Wooden boxes are often used for shipping heavy and dense products. They are sometimes specified for shipments of government or military shipments. A crate is a large container, often made of wood, used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing. An intermediate bulk container (IBC, IBC Tote, IBC Tank) is a multi-use container employed for the general transport, storage, and handling of bulk fluids and materials. IBC tanks are compatible and resistant to an extensive list of chemicals, acids, caustics, as well as inert materials and food grade consumables. IBCs are commonly manufactured from the following materials: Some IBC engineering models are foldable (collapsible) for space-saving breakdown following use. A Flexible Intermediate Bulk Container, \"FIBC\", \"big bag\", \"bulk bag\", or \"super sack\" is a standardized container in large dimensions for storing and transporting and storing granular products. It is often made of a woven synthetic material. A bulk box, bulk bin, skid box, or tote box is a pallet size box used for storage and shipping of bulk quantities. Drums are cylindrical shipping containers made of steel, plastic or fiber. They are often used for liquids and granular materials. Insulated shipping containers are a type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy. Some pails are used as shipping containers. A Unit Load Device, or ULD, is a container used to transport cargo on commercial aircraft. A ULD can be a pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. Since this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list, manifest, or tracking identification to improve control and tracking of contents Custom containers are used for shipments of products such as scientific instruments, weapons and aviation components. Customized cushioning, blocking and bracing, carrying handles, lift rings, locks, etc. are common to facilitate handling and to protect the contents. Often, these shipping containers are reusable. Flight cases and transit cases are usually custom designed for shipping and carrying fragile equipment: audio visual, camera, instruments, etc. Although generally light in construction, they tend to have reinforced edges and corners. Road cases are often used for shipping musical instruments and theater props. The ubiquity and relative cheapness of used intermodal shipping containers meant that architects began to consider them as an alternative to traditional building materials. Used shipping containers were converted for use in housing, and as retail and office spaces. Examples of its use include the Cité A Docks student housing project in Le Havre, France; the Wenckehof container village in Amsterdam; the portable Puma City store in US cities; the food and retail Boxpark in London; the Dordoy Bazaar in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; and the temporary mall in Christchurch, New Zealand built after the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. It has however been pointed out there are problems with recycling shipping containers, that it may not be as ecological friendly or cheap an option as it might appear. The containers may be coated with harmful chemicals such as chromate, phosphorus, and lead-based paints, while its wooden floors may be treated with toxic insecticides, and some cost and effort are involved in modifying containers to make them habitable. Others have noted various issues such as space constraint, insulation, and structural weakness if too much steel is cut out of the containers. Shipping containers are used in the film and television industry for building temporary sets. Shipping containers can be stacked on top of each other and used as reinforced scaffold that large-scale film sets can be built against. An example can be seen at Leavesden Studios, England; an area of the studio backlot is allocated to spare containers when not in use. Shipping container A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes. In the context" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "China–Libya relations China–Libya relations refers to the bilateral relations between China and Libya. China and Libya established diplomatic relations in August 1978. In the first 8 months of 2012, Libya was China's 5th largest trading partner in Africa. From 2000 to 2012, there were 3 Chinese official development finance projects identified in Libya through various media reports. They are three batches of humanitarian relief materials in 2011, an MOU of investment cooperation in the fields of transportation, farming, irrigation, fishing and the textiles, and a $300 million USD low-interest loan to the LAP Green Network, a Libyan telecom firm in 2009. China–Libya relations China–Libya relations refers to the bilateral relations between China and Libya. China and Libya established diplomatic relations in August 1978. In the first 8 months of 2012, Libya was China's 5th largest trading partner in Africa. From 2000 to 2012, there were 3 Chinese official development finance projects identified in Libya through various media reports. They are three batches of humanitarian relief materials in 2011, an MOU of investment cooperation in the fields of transportation, farming, irrigation, fishing and the textiles, and a $300 million USD low-interest loan to the LAP Green Network, a Libyan telecom firm" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Utah Sport Bike Association The Utah Sport Bike Association is a not-for-profit sport motorcycle club, based out of Salt Lake City, Utah. Their primary focus is to promote safe, fun sport biking, primarily by educating sport motorcycle riders through rider education programs called ARTs (Advanced Rider Training) and by hosting the Masters of the Mountains (MoM) motorcycle roadracing series. It is also called the UtahSBA and USBA. The club began in the late 1980s and its founders included Nick Ienatsch and Mitch Boehm. Ienatsch went on to become a prominent motorcycle journalist famous for authoring a popular motorcycle riding article titled 'The Pace' and a book titled \"Sport Riding Techniques\". Ienatsch then went on to become the head instructor for Freddie Spencer's superbike school. Mitch Boehm went on to become the editor and chief of \"Motorcyclist\" magazine. The club struggled for several years after the state's only race track, Bonneville Raceway, closed its doors. In 2006, the club enjoyed a large resurgence after Larry H. Miller built a 90-million dollar road race facility called Miller Motorsports Park in Tooele Utah. The club has developed a very popular riding program, known as the ART (Advanced Rider Training) program. At its beginning, the ARTs (Then known as the ARS - Advanced Riding School) took place in parking lots and riders navigated a makeshift course laid out with cones. In 2001, the BlackRock go kart track was built in Tooele Utah, and the school relocated there. Beginning in the fall of 2005, Miller Motorsports Park became the location for the club's ARTs, and in 2006 the club became involved in promoting the Masters of the Mountains race series at the facility. The association has three versions of their Advanced Rider Training program: the ST-ART (Sport Touring Advanced Rider Training) dedicated to riders of sport touring motorcycles, the Super-ART which takes place on the larger Miller Motorsports Park course, and the traditional ART that now takes place on the Super Kart track at Miller. The Masters of the Mountains race series that the club promotes is held at and is co-promoted with Miller Motorsports Park and utilizes the various configurations of the track. In 2006, it was a five race series, and in 2007 seven race weekends were scheduled. Over $100,000 in purse and contingency money awards were available in the race series, contested by top racers from the Western U.S. and Canada, and local racers from Utah and Colorado. Other club activities include operating a website and forum, monthly meetings, race-viewing gatherings and an annual banquet. Utah Sport Bike Association The Utah Sport Bike Association is a not-for-profit sport motorcycle club, based out of Salt Lake City, Utah. Their primary focus is to promote safe, fun sport biking, primarily by educating sport motorcycle riders through rider education programs called ARTs (Advanced Rider Training) and by hosting the Masters of the Mountains (MoM) motorcycle roadracing series. It is also called the UtahSBA and USBA. The club began in the late 1980s and its founders" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Sonic Shuffle Sonic Shuffle is a \"Sonic the Hedgehog\"-themed party game developed and published by Sega for the Dreamcast in 2000. The game plays like a board game much in the same vein as Nintendo's \"Mario Party\" series, with up to four players moving their characters across a game board filled with a variety of spaces which can trigger different events. Some spaces will launch minigames that pit the players in short competitive events against each other. Sega contracted Hudson Soft, the developers of \"Mario Party\", to assist with development. For the game's graphics, they used the same cel shading technique used in their earlier game, \"Jet Set Radio\" (2000). An online multiplayer mode was planned, but it was pulled so the game could launch in time for the 2000 holiday season. Although critics praised the graphics, the game's excessive load times and poorly explained, overly complex minigames were found to be significantly detrimental to the overall experience. Critics classified \"Sonic Shuffle\" as an inferior clone of \"Mario Party\". \"Sonic Shuffle\" is a party game for up to four players, playing like a board game in a similar fashion to the \"Mario Party\" series. The game is set in a dream world called \"Maginaryworld\", where a fairy asks Sonic the Hedgehog, Tails, Knuckles the Echidna, and Amy Rose to retrieve \"Precioustones\" to help her save Maginaryworld from Void, the game's villain. The players can choose to play as one of these four characters, or Big the Cat, E-102 Gamma, Super Sonic, and a Chao if unlocked later. Each character has unique abilities they can use to traverse the game boards. Players take turns moving across the board in an effort to collect the most Precioustones; this is done by picking cards and moving the amount of spaces specified on it. Each player is dealt six cards at a time, and their deck is visible on their personal VMU screen in their controller, keeping it a secret from other players. When it is a player's turn to move, they can chose to play a card from their hand, or play a random card from another player's hand. There is also a card which can be used to steal cards, swap hands with another player, or move one to seven spaces as decided by a short slot machine style game. Finally, there is a card that will summon Doctor Eggman, who will steal the player's rings or swap their position on the board with another player. There are a variety of different spaces on the board. The most common spaces increase or subtract the player's ring count. Rings can be used to purchase power-ups in the form of \"forcejewels\" at special shop spaces. These stones can give the player numerous advantages, such as selecting more than one card in one turn or teleporting to other players' positions. Battle spaces pit the player that lands on the space in a short card game against an enemy. There is also always one space that harbors a Precioustone. When one of these is collected by a player, another one is placed on the board. The goal of each game is to collect the most Precioustones. Finally there are minigame spaces. These spaces will launch a random minigame with either all the players, or just the player that landed on the space. The solo minigames are story-like sequences where the player must answer a question to win rings or gems, or lost them if answered wrong. The minigames that involve all the players come in a wide variety. Some are free-for-all games, while others pit the players against each other in two-versus-two or one-versus-three situations. \"Sonic Shuffle\" was developed by Sega, with assistance from the Hudson Soft team behind \"Mario Party\" (1998), and supervision from Sonic Team. Most sources attributed Sega as the developer although some attributed the game to Sega's internal development team Smilebit. Smilebit had previously developed \"Jet Set Radio\" (2000) for the Dreamcast which was well regarded for its cel shaded visuals. Sega used the same cel shading techniques in \"Sonic Shuffle\". Sega revealed that a \"Sonic Adventure\" spin-off was in development alongside \"Sonic Adventure 2\" in October 1999. The game was revealed in the June 2000 issue of \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" (\"EGM\") with the tentative title \"Sonic Square\", shortly before the E3 trade fair that year. Sega had planned to reveal information about \"Sonic Adventure 2\" to \"EGM\" for the issue, but decided the game was not ready to be shown, and shared \"Sonic Square\" instead. Support for online multiplayer through SegaNet was planned, it was ultimately cut so the game could ship ahead of the 2000 holiday season. \"Sonic Shuffle\" was released for the Dreamcast in North America on November 14, 2000, in Japan on December 21, and in Europe on March 9, 2001. The game was expected to appear in the 2002 compilation \"Sonic Mega Collection\", but was ultimately not included. Critics were quick to identify \"Sonic Shuffle\" as an inferior clone of \"Mario Party\". They found the minigames to be overly complex, poorly explained, and generally not as enjoyable as those in Nintendo's flagship party series. Both \"GameSpot\" and \"Eurogamer\" felt as though the minigames were an afterthought, only appearing sparingly whereas in \"Mario Party\" they were central to the experience. \"GameSpot\" noted that it was possible to play through an entire game without ever playing a minigame, and felt that they were \"a test of who can decipher the needlessly bewildering gameplay first\". \"IGN\" complained about needing to land on certain tiles to play the minigames. \"Official Dreamcast Magazine\" (UK) argued that the minigames interfered with the main board game. \"GameSpy\" felt that they were inconsistent in quality, and wished there had been an option to turn them off. The long load times when transitioning between the main game board, the minigames, and other scenes was another common complaint. \"GameSpot\" wrote: \"The combination of the unbearable load times, the smattering of minigames, and the poor minigame design make \"Sonic Shuffle\" a boring diversion at best.\" \"Eurogamer\" felt that \"Samba de Amigo\" (1999) was a better party game. Most reviewers praised the colorful and cartoon styling of the cel shaded graphics. \"Game Revolution\" praised the environment textures and felt the graphics were of the same high quality as \"Jet Set Radio\". However, the graphics were not enough to convince critics. \"Eurogamer\" wrote that the visuals and audio were \"deceptively good,\" hiding the bad gameplay underneath. \"Edge\" appreciated the visuals, but wrote that \"ultimately, the game is dull. Under the dark shadow of \"Sonic Adventure 2\", this tepid, diluted affair will have difficulty proving itself, even to franchise stalwarts\". \"Official Dreamcast Magazine\" (UK) and its American counterpart both felt that the game was more fun with human players rather than computer-controlled opponents, and complained about the lack of online support. \"Game Revolution\" agreed, finding it boring waiting for computer players in single-player mode. \"Official Dreamcast Magazine\" (US) felt that with more development time and support from Sonic Team, the game could have been saved. Sonic Shuffle Sonic Shuffle is a \"Sonic the Hedgehog\"-themed party game developed and published by Sega for the Dreamcast in 2000. The game plays like a" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Brad Lamm Brad Lamm (born 1966) is the founder of Breathe Life Healing Centers, and an American interventionist, educator and author of \"How to Help the One You Love: A New Way to Intervene\" (2010). \"How to Help\" details the theory and practice of a system of psychosocial intervention he designed and named \"Breakfree Intervention\", which trains, and then utilizes the \"voices that matter\" - the friends and family of the identified loved one - as an ongoing support group or \"circle of change\". Lamm is also the author of \"Just 10 Lbs\" (2011), a self-help book on the diet-obsessed public's \"need to feed\" and what he describes as “emotional eating” in the face of the obesity epidemic. Lamm was born in 1966 in Wenatchee, Washington, the youngest of four brothers. His father was a minister and he grew up in a religious home. The family moved to Eugene, Oregon in 1968, where he attended public school until the middle of his sophomore year at Winston Churchill High School. In 1982 the family moved to Yorba Linda, California, where his father became Senior Pastor of Yorba Linda Friends Church, the largest Friends Church in the nation. Lamm attended Whittier Christian High School, the University of California, Los Angeles and Pennsylvania State University, and is a lifelong Quaker. He is an ordained interfaith minister. After college, Lamm lived in Kamakura, Japan for over a year before settling in New York City, where he worked producing television news programs and writing music. Dubbed the \"once reigning king of the late night party scene\", he wrote for and hosted the syndicated entertainment TV show \"Party Talk\", seen in New York, Los Angeles and six other US markets. In 1994, he relocated to work as a weatherman in Boise, Idaho and then Washington, D.C., where he worked as a network television weather anchor, working while abusing both drugs and alcohol. Lamm opened nightclubs in Washington, D.C. and Denver in 2001, but entered a drug and alcohol rehabilitation program in February 2003. His subjective experiences of his own rehabilitation, combined with his acquaintanceship with the work of Boulder, Colorado psychiatrist Judith Landau to convince him of the efficacy of the family-centered process in helping addicts overcome addiction. Lamm has asserted that substance abusers with strong familial and social support systems are five times as likely to succeed in their goal of sobriety as persons lacking support. He calls this supportive system a \"firewall\". Lamm was a founding member of Mehmet Oz's \"Experts\" panel and has presented to the UK-European Symposium on Addictive Disorders and to Parliament. Lamm also speaks and works on issues of eating disorders, food and obesity with individuals and organizations. With the consent of the addict, Lamm's program works with family members, co-workers, partners, employers and friends to develop and implement a plan of change and a recovery model. He conducts trainings and workshops in his method of Breakfree Intervention. He is a proponent of the notion that, for the person with a serious problem, loving peer groups and family members are vitally important for effective personal change. In 2011, Lamm created and produced the eight part docu-series \"Addicted to Food\" for the Oprah Winfrey Network. The series follows the day-to-day lives of eight patients that have been diagnosed with an eating disorder as they work to improve their lives and overcome their self-harming cycle of over-feeding. His book on lifestyle intervention relating to one's \"need to feed\" and food addiction, \"Just 10 Lbs: Easy Steps to Weighing What You Want (Finally)\" was published along with the accompanying workbook. Also in 2011, what began as a wellness program for Walmart employees, became the most successful commercial stop-smoking campaign of all time: \"Blueprint to Quit\", sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline and available exclusively at Walmart. Lamm's book \"Stop It: 4 Steps in 4 Weeks to Quit Smoking Now\" focusses on a breathing protocol, the need for community support in addition to the necessity of a proper detox from nicotine. In early 2012, Lamm's innovative complex-trauma treatment rehab program, Breathe Life Healing Center, opened in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of New York City, and features a \"flexible, sliding scale-style approach to payment\". Breathe's second center opened in West Hollywood, and sits on 22 acres within a gated community with nine residences on a Campus setting including an biodynamic farm. Breathe Life Healing Centers paradigm in trauma treatment expanded his work to include a groundbreaking long-term retreat model to \"ignite personal recovery and spiritual discovery\". Clients there are treated for primary mental health, substance use, eating disorders or primary trauma in specific units. Kathleen Murphy, LPC, serves as Breathe's founding Executive Clinical Director and leads Breathe's Family Education Programs. Breathe Life Healing Centers are an insurance-friendly trauma-informed recovery program combining a residential retreat center featuring non-clinical, spiritual-directed work, with a traditional treatment center, where a sophisticated clinical program is offered. Breathe's unified recovery approach invites those with chemical dependency, dual-diagnosis and eating disorders (Binge Eating Disorder, Compulsive Overeating, Metabolic Syndrome and Bulimia) to create community and progress through trauma healing, emotional regulation skills-building and spiritual development. Breathe Life Healing Centers is one of the few treatment centers offering residential treatment for clients working to recover from Binge Eating Disorder. Lamm appeared in \"Newsweek\" in 1991 as an activist for social justice and gay rights. In September 1992, he appeared on the cover of the magazine's \"Gays Under Fire\" issue, which reported on limited national support for LGBT rights. Nearly 24 years later, \"Newsweek\" published Lamm's account of being attacked by five men in New York, among other updates since his cover appearance. Lamm was a member of the \"Core Team Oz\" team who launched The Dr. Oz Show. He is \"Dr. Oz's Interventionist\", has worked to help families on the \"Dr. Phil Show\" and is a regular guest on \"The Today Show\" and others. Lamm and makes frequent contributions to television and radio programs including \"Good Morning America\", \"The View\", CBS This Morning, \"The Nancy Grace Show\", and lists Dr. Mehmet Oz, Nancy Grace, Alice Walker, Roseanne Barr, Mariel Hemingway and Oprah Winfrey among his endorsers. Lamm is a regular columnist on Oprah.com and DoctorOZ.com, as well as a contributor to \"The Huffington Post\". In 2008, Lamm married television and theatrical producer Scott Sanders in a ceremony officiated by novelist Alice Walker. He splits his time between New York City, Los Angeles, and Oregon. His father Donald Lamm, an Evangelical Friends Church pastor, walked Brad down the aisle. His mother did not attend. Brad Lamm Brad Lamm (born 1966) is the founder of Breathe Life Healing Centers," ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Puppet A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer. The puppeteer uses movements of their hands, arms, or control devices such as rods or strings to move the body, head, limbs, and in some cases the mouth and eyes of the puppet. The puppeteer often speaks in the voice of the character of the puppet, and then synchronizes the movements of the puppet's mouth with this spoken part. The actions, gestures and spoken parts acted out by the puppeteer with the puppet are typically used in storytelling. Puppetry is a very ancient form of theatre which dates back to the 5th century BC in Ancient Greece. There are many different varieties of puppets, and they are made from a wide range of materials, depending on their form and intended use. They range from very simple in construction and operation to very complex. Two simple types of puppets are the finger puppet, which is a tiny puppet that fits onto a single finger, and the sock puppet, which is formed and operated by inserting one's hand inside a sock, with the opening and closing of the hand simulating the movement of the puppet's \"mouth.\" The sock puppet is a type of hand puppet, which is controlled using one hand that occupies the interior of the puppet and moves the puppet around. A \"live-hand puppet\" is similar to a hand puppet but is larger and requires two puppeteers for each puppet. A Marionette is a much more complicated type of puppet that is suspended and controlled by a number of strings connected to the head, back and limbs, plus sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar held from above by the puppeteer. A rod puppet is constructed around a central rod secured to the head. A shadow puppet is a cut-out figure held between a source of light and a translucent screen. Bunraku puppets are a type of Japanese wood-carved puppet. A ventriloquist's dummy is a human-shaped puppet operated by a ventriloquist performer's hand; the performer produces the puppets voice with little or no movement of her mouth, which creates the illusion that the puppet is alive. Carnival puppets are large puppets, typically bigger than a human, designed to be part of a large spectacle or parade. Puppetry was practiced in Ancient Greece and the oldest written records of puppetry can be found in the works of Herodotus and Xenophon, dating from the 5th century BC. The Greek word translated as \"puppet\" is \"νευρόσπαστος\" (\"nevrospastos\"), which literally means \"drawn by strings, string-pulling\", from \"νεῦρον\" (\"nevron\"), meaning either \"sinew, tendon, muscle, string\", or \"wire\", and \"σπάω\" (\"spaō\"), meaning \"draw, pull\". Aristotle (384–322 BC) discusses puppets in his work \"On the Motion of Animals\". The movements of animals may be compared with those of automatic puppets, which are set going on the occasion of a tiny movement; the levers are released, and strike the twisted strings against one another.<ref http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/motion_animals.html>Aristotle, On the Motion of Animals, 350 BC.</ref> In India, puppetry was practiced from ancient times and is known by different names in different parts of the country. Excavation of clay dolls from Indus valley sites serve as an indication. The art of puppetry called Bommalattam is mentioned in Tamil literature Silappadikaram, which is written around 2nd century B.C. Puppetry by its nature is a flexible and inventive medium and many puppet companies work with combinations of puppet forms and incorporate real objects into their performances. They might, for example, incorporate performing objects such as torn paper for snow, or a sign board with words as narrative devices within a production. The following are, alphabetically, the basic and conventional forms of puppet: The black light puppet is a form of puppetry where the puppets are operated on a stage lit only with ultraviolet lighting, which hides the puppeteer and accentuates the colours of the puppets, which are normally designed using colours that respond to UV light by glowing brightly. The puppeteers perform dressed in black against a black background, with the background and puppeteer's costume normally made of black velvet. The puppeteers manipulate the puppets under the light, while they position themselves unseen against the black unlit background. Puppets of many sizes and types may be used. The original concept of this form of puppetry can be traced to Bunraku puppetry. Bunraku puppets are a type of wood-carved puppet originally made to stand out through torch illumination. Developed in Japan over a thousand years ago and formalised and combined with shamisen music at the end of the 16th century, the puppeteers dress to remain neutral against a black background, although their presence as a kind of 'shadow' figure adds a mysterious power to the puppet. Bunraku traditionally uses three puppeteers to operate a puppet that varies from 1/3 to 1/2 life size. Cantastoria is a form of visual storytelling in which a puppet, illustration, painting, or other visual medium is accompanied by rhythmical speech or song that describes or reenacts events to tell a story. Carnival puppets (also known as body puppets) are usually designed to be part of a large spectacle. These are often used in parades (such as the Mayday parade in Minneapolis, United States and The Cape Town Carnival in South Africa) and demonstrations, and are at least the size of a human and often much larger. One or more performers are required to move the body and limbs. In parades, the appearance and personality of the person inside is not relevant to the spectator. These puppets are particularly associated with large-scale entertainment, such as the nightly parades at various Disney complexes around the world. Similar puppets were designed by Julie Taymor for \"The Lion King\". The Jim Henson Company also has their version of these puppets called full-bodied puppets. The finger puppet is a simple puppet variant which fits onto a single finger. Finger puppets normally have no moving parts, and consist primarily of a hollow cylinder shape to cover the finger. Finger puppets are often decorated with eyes and mouths made out of fabric or other materials. This form of puppet has limited application, and is used mainly in pre-schools or kindergartens for storytelling with young children. A hand puppet (or glove puppet) is a puppet controlled by one hand, which occupies the interior of the puppet. The Punch and Judy puppets are familiar examples of hand puppets. Larger varieties of hand puppets place the puppeteer's hand in just the puppet's head, controlling the mouth and head, and the puppet's body then hangs over the entire arm. Other parts of the puppet (mainly arms) are usually not much larger than the hand itself. Often the mouth can also open and close, and special variants exist with eyelids that can be manipulated. A sock puppet is a particularly simple type of hand puppet made from a sock. Also called a \"two-man puppet\" or a \"live-hand puppet\", the human-arm puppet is similar to a hand puppet but is larger and requires two puppeteers. One puppeteer places their dominant hand inside the puppet's head and operates the puppet's head and mouth, while putting their non-dominant arm into a glove and special sleeve attached to the puppet. The second puppeteer puts their arm into a glove and special sleeve attached to the puppet in order to operate the other arm. This way, the puppet can perform hand gestures. This is a form of glove or hand puppetry and rod puppetry. Light curtain puppet presentations use light to highlight small portions of a performance area, allowing the puppet to be seen while the manipulators remain invisible. The puppets stand on a stage divided into an unlit background and a well-lit foreground, meeting to form a \"curtain\" of light. The puppeteer dresses in black and remains hidden in the unlit background of the stage while the", "dominant hand inside the puppet's head and operates the puppet's head and mouth, while putting their non-dominant arm into a glove and special sleeve attached to the puppet. The second puppeteer puts their arm into a glove and special sleeve attached to the puppet in order to operate the other arm. This way, the puppet can perform hand gestures. This is a form of glove or hand puppetry and rod puppetry. Light curtain puppet presentations use light to highlight small portions of a performance area, allowing the puppet to be seen while the manipulators remain invisible. The puppets stand on a stage divided into an unlit background and a well-lit foreground, meeting to form a \"curtain\" of light. The puppeteer dresses in black and remains hidden in the unlit background of the stage while the puppet is held across the light curtain in the lit foreground of the stage. \"Light curtain puppet\" is an umbrella term, and any puppet which is extended into a well-lit area where its handler remains separated from the puppet by a division of light may be called a light curtain puppet. Marionettes, or \"string puppets,\" are suspended and controlled by a number of strings, plus sometimes a central rod attached to a control bar held from above by the puppeteer. The control bar can be either horizontal or vertical. Basic strings for operation are usually attached to the head, back, hands (to control the arms) and just above the knee (to control the legs). This form of puppetry is complex and sophisticated to operate, requiring greater manipulative control than a finger, glove or rod puppet. The puppet play performed by the Von Trapp children with Maria in \"The Sound of Music\" is a marionette show. Prominent Marionette Theaters operating today include: Salzberg Marionette Theater, Bob Baker Marionette Theater, Center for Puppetry Arts, Melchior Marionette Theater, The Swedish Cottage Marionette Theater in Central Park, Le Theatre de Marionette. Famous Italian puppet is Romeo Gallo. The marotte is a simplified rod puppet that is just a head and/or body on a stick. It was used by jesters in renaissance times. In a \"marotte à main prenante\", the puppeteer's other arm emerges from the body (which is just a cloth drape) to act as the puppet's arm. Some marottes have a small string running through the stick attached to a handle at the bottom. When the handle is squeezed, the mouth opens. Motekar or wayang motekar is a kind of shadow puppet theater known in Sundanese, Javanese, and Indonesian as 'wayang (kulit)', that is, (leather) shadow puppet. While most shadow puppets cast black silhouettes from behind a screen, motekar shadow puppets can be in full color. They use plastic materials, transparent dyes, a special light system, and a special type of screen to make this happen. Motekar puppet shows can be performed by one or several puppeteers and usually feature music, singing, and a series of dances. Not all forms of puppetry need specially created items to puppet. Object puppets can be created with found everyday objects either assembled in advance or during performance. Señor Wences was a Spanish ventriloquist who became popular through his appearances on the American program \"The Ed Sullivan Show\". His characters included Johnny (a face drawn on his hand) and Pedro (a gruff head in a box) who would talk when Wences opened the box. Similarly, chinface puppetry involves puppet features drawn or attached onto an upside-down chin. A pull string puppet is a puppet consisting of a cloth body where in the puppeteer puts his/her arm into a slot in the back and pulls rings on strings to make certain movements such as waving the arms or moving the mouth. A push puppet consists of a segmented character on a base which is kept under tension until the button on the bottom is pressed. The puppet wiggles, slumps and then collapses. Push puppets are usually intended as novelty toys, rather than as part of professional puppet theatre. A rod puppet is a puppet constructed around a central rod secured to the head. A large glove covers the rod and is attached to the neck of the puppet. A rod puppet is controlled by the puppeteer moving the metal rods attached to the hands of the puppet (or any other limbs) and by turning the central rod secured to the head. A shadow puppet is a cut-out figure held between a source of light and a translucent screen. Shadow puppets can form solid silhouettes or be decorated with various amounts of cut-out details. Colour can be introduced into the cut-out shapes to provide a different dimension and different effects can be achieved by moving the puppet (or light source) out of focus. Javanese shadow puppets known as Wayang Kulit are the classic example of this. In China, it became popular from Song Dynasty. A sock puppet is a puppet formed and operated by inserting a hand inside a sock. The hand is opened and closed to simulate the movement of the puppet's \"mouth\" and give the impression of speaking. Sometimes eyes and other facial features are added to the sock in order to make the puppet more realistic. Sock puppets are popular in many puppet performances, as they are simple to make and easy to use. They are mostly used in satirical or children's works. Supermarionation is a method of puppetry invented by Gerry Anderson, which he used in his television shows \"Stingray\" and \"Thunderbirds\". The puppets were marionettes with electronically moving mouths to allow for lip-synchronised speech. The marionettes were still controlled by human manipulators with darkened strings. A table top puppet is a puppet usually operated by rod or direct contact from behind, on a surface similar to a table top (hence the name). Shares many characteristics with Bunraku. A Ticklebug is a type of hand puppet created from a human hand to have four legs, where the puppet features are drawn on the hand itself. The middle finger is lifted as a head, and the thumb and forefinger serve as a first set of two legs on one side, while the ring finger and little finger serve as a second set of two legs on the opposite side. The toy theatre is a puppet cut out of paper and stuck onto card. It is fixed at its base to a stick and operated by pushing it in from the side of the puppet theatre. Sheets of puppets and scenery were produced from the 19th century for children's use. The Ventriloquist's Dummy is a puppet shaped like a small human which is operated by a ventriloquist performer to focus the audience's attention away from the performer's activities and heighten the illusion that the dummy is speaking. They are called dummies because they do not speak on their own. The ventriloquist dummy is controlled by one hand of the ventriloquist. Ventriloquism acts are not always performed with a traditional dummy; occasionally other forms of puppetry are used. A water puppet is a Vietnamese puppet form, the \"Múa rối nước\". Múa rối nước literally translates to \"dance underwater\" or \"dancing underwater\". This is an ancient tradition that dates back to the 10th century. The puppets are built out of wood and the shows are performed in a waist-deep pool. A large rod supports the puppet under the water and is used by the puppeteers to control them. The appearance is of the puppets moving over the water. When the rice fields would flood, the villagers would entertain each other using this puppet form. The water also provides the setting for traditional stories depicting day-to-day village life. Water puppets bring wry humor to scenes of farming, fishing, festival events such as buffalo fights, and children's games of marbles and coin-toss. Fishing turns into a game of wits between the fisherman and his prey, with the fisherman getting the short end (often capturing his surprised neighbor by mistake). Besides village life, scenes include legends and national history. Lion dogs romp like puppies while dragons exhale fire and smoke and shoot sprays of water at the audience. Performances of up to 18 short", "the puppeteers to control them. The appearance is of the puppets moving over the water. When the rice fields would flood, the villagers would entertain each other using this puppet form. The water also provides the setting for traditional stories depicting day-to-day village life. Water puppets bring wry humor to scenes of farming, fishing, festival events such as buffalo fights, and children's games of marbles and coin-toss. Fishing turns into a game of wits between the fisherman and his prey, with the fisherman getting the short end (often capturing his surprised neighbor by mistake). Besides village life, scenes include legends and national history. Lion dogs romp like puppies while dragons exhale fire and smoke and shoot sprays of water at the audience. Performances of up to 18 short scenes are usually introduced by a pig-tailed bumpkin known as Teu, and accompanied by a small folk orchestra. The word \"puppet\" can mean a political leader installed, supported and controlled by powerful external forces, without legitimacy in the country itself. In modern times, this usually implies no democratic mandate from the country's electorate; in earlier times, it could have meant a monarch imposed from outside, who was not a member of a country's established ruling dynasty, or unrecognised by its nobility. \"Puppet government\", \"puppet regime\" and \"puppet state\" are derogatory terms for a government which is in charge of a region or country, but only through being installed, supported and controlled by a more powerful outside government. An example is Vidkun Quisling, a Norwegian fascist leader during World War Two who collaborated with the Nazis and led a puppet government. In a more general sense, a puppet is any person who is controlled by another by reasons of (for instance) undue influence, intellectual deficiency, or lack of character or charisma. Science fiction writer Robert A. Heinlein's novel \"The Puppet Masters\" depicts alien parasites who attach themselves to human beings and control their actions. Poppet, a word that sounds similar, is sometimes a term of endearment, similar to \"love\", \"pet\", \"doll\" or \"dear\". It alludes to folk-magic and witchcraft, where a poppet is a special doll created to represent a person for the purpose of casting healing, fertility, or binding spells. Sock Puppet is used on social media as a term to describe fake accounts used to spread political disinformation. Puppet" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki (1610–1656), of the Grzymała coat of arms, was a Polish nobleman, politician, missionary, scholar and Jesuit credited with introducing logarithms to China. Smogulecki was born in 1610 in Kraków or Smogulec (sources vary), the son of the \"starosta\" of Bydgoszcz, Maciej Smogulecki, and Zofia Zebrzydowska. He began his education about 1621 at a Jesuit school in Braniewo, then continued it from about 1623 at the Lubrański Academy in Poznań. Later he left the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to gain more education abroad. In the years 1626–29 he studied mathematics and astronomy at Freiburg, philosophy in Rome, and law at Padua (where he was also an official representative of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). Returning to Poland ca. 1630 or 1631 (sources vary), he joined the royal court and was named \"starosta\" of Nakło. He was elected a deputy to the convocation sejm of 1632; then again in 1635. In 1636 he was elected to the Crown Tribunal. In 1634 or 1636 (sources vary) he joined the Jesuit Order, declared his intent to become a missionary in distant lands, and began studies in theology at Kraków. In 1640 he went to Rome; in 1641 he took holy orders; in 1644 he took monastic vows. In 1645 he traveled from Portugal (where he declined an invitation to join the Portuguese royal court) to Java, India and China to be a missionary. After a journey during which he fell ill and almost died, in 1646 he arrived in Macao. He studied Chinese language and customs in Jiangnan and Hangzhou. Then he moved to Nanjing and adopted the Chinese name, Mu Ni-co (also spelled Mu Ni-ko, Mu Nike, Mu Nigo; some sources add a third part, Rude, as in \"Mu Nigo, Rude\"). He began his missionary activities in Nanking, but about 1647 a civil war forced him to move to Jianyang in the Chinese province of Fujian. In the years 1648–51 he worked as a missionary. He also taught astronomy and mathematics, introducing logarithms to China, and was much respected by Chinese scholars. His fame as a scholar and teacher spread, and in 1653 he was invited by the Shunzhi Emperor to his court in Beijing. Smogulecki requested permission to leave the court to continue his missionary travels. He went to Manchuria, then to Yunnan, where another civil war made him travel to Guangzhou. He visited the island of Hainan, then returned to the mainland. On 17 September 1656 he died in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province. (The city name is variously transcribed as Tszan-King, Zhaojing, Zhaoging Fou; sources vary). He wrote works about sun spots and eclipses. He was a teacher of the Chinese scholar and astronomer Xue Fengzuo, who would be the first Chinese to publish work using logarithms. Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki (1610–1656), of the Grzymała coat of arms, was a Polish nobleman, politician, missionary, scholar and Jesuit credited with introducing logarithms to China. Smogulecki was born in 1610 in Kraków or Smogulec (sources vary), the son of the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Bob Fry (golfer) Robert Nelson Fry (November 29, 1922 – January 12, 1993) was an American professional golfer instrumental in the development of golf in the Iowa and Illinois area. Born in Keokuk, Iowa, Fry began his golf career as a caddy at the age of 9. The first documentation of Fry's significant amateur play was in 1942 when the Iowa Open and Iowa Amateur were combined into a 54-hole tournament at the Sunnyside course in Waterloo. He came from nowhere and finished fifth in the field. Starting with a mediocre 77, he went through the last 36 holes with a 71-69. He came back in 1947, after 5 years in the military, to be runner up in the Iowa Amateur bowing in match play to Fred Gordon of Belmond 3 and 2. During 1943 and 1944, Sgt. Bob Fry served as a navigator in the 69th Squadron, 433rd Troop Carrier Group in New Guinea and Guam under Commanding Officer Cecil B. Guile, Lt. Col., Air Corps. 433rd TC was the largest troop carrier group in the world. According to the group's journal, Fry moved to Fort Madison, Iowa, to become head pro at the Fort Madison Country Club at the request of brothers Walt and John Sheaffer of Sheaffer Pen company. In 1960, Fry took the head pro position for three municipal golf courses in Davenport, Iowa (Emeis, Duck Creek and Credit Island). He organized an exhibition match with Arnold Palmer and Gary Player at Emeis Golf Course in the early 1960s. This later became the Quad Cities Open. In 1970, Fry, Heisman Trophy winner Johnny Lujack, Franklin \"Whitey\" Barnard, John Deere Corporation brothers Jim and Ray McGloughlin, restaurant owner Nic Chirekos and several others developed Crow Valley Golf Club in Bettendorf, Iowa. Originally intended to be a men's only club, and designed specifically with the PGA Tour in mind, the club was forced to open the links to women with the advent of the 'women's lib' movement. Fry brought the Quad Cities Open (known today as the John Deere Classic) to Crow Valley Golf Club. This tournament continues as an annual PGA Tour event through 2010. \"Fry...said the idea of a Quad-City Open probably had its hatching back in 1964. \"That year and again in '65, I held a $5,000 tourney at Emeis.., but we dropped the tourney because the PGA and Tournament Players Division (TPD) were having their differences,\" he explained. \"It took about five years for the two groups to straighten out their squabble, \" Fry continued. \"In 1970, the two groups adopted a program for smaller sponsoring tournaments, calling them satellites instead of labeling them class B or minor meets,\" said Fry. \"I happened to be on the list for such an event - and working through Marshall Dann (the executive director of the Western Golf Association) and the right parties here in the Quad-Cities - we landed last year's [1971] tourney.\" This was probably the best of the 16 satellite stops on the tour in 1971. Fry won the Iowa Section PGA tournament five times, including a 1965 record-setting 66-62=128 round at Marshalltown to win by 15 strokes. He played in the Western Open countless times, and qualified for the Los Angeles, Tucson and Phoenix Opens for over 20 years. In 1961, Fry shot a qualifying round of 68 at Scottsdale Country Club, tying for low honors in the $32,500 Phoenix Open. He qualified for six PGA Championships, one year recording a 66-62=128 to lead the nation in qualifying. He also recorded 18 holes in one. In June 1972, Fry defeated Bettendorf pro, Gary Lockie, in a two-hole playoff of the Iowa PGA Match Play to win the Iowa-Western Illinois section title. \"There were 49 pros entered with the top 16 advancing to the finals of match play competition where they played 9-hole matches. The remainder played an 18-hole consolation round. A birdie on the par 5, second hole put Lockie ahead before Fry drilled a 20-footer home for a bird on the par 3, fourth hole. Lockie regained the advantage on the next hole when Fry bogeyed, but on the seventh hole it was just the opposite - a par for Fry with Lockie taking a bogey. On the second hole of their playoff after both parred the first extra hold, Lockie's first shot on the par 4, 383-yard 11th hole sailed into the trees on the left side. His second shot was short of the green and the ensuing chip was to the back edge of the green. Lockie then 2-putted for a bogey. Fry settled for a routine par on the hole to claim the title. Fry pocketed $400 of the combined $1000 purse.\" Touring pros Lonnie Nielsen, Tommy Aaron, and Jim Jamieson were three of Fry's more famous pupils. Nielsen once said, \"I learned more about golf in a two-hour conversation over coffee with Bob Fry than I learned in a lifetime of lessons and practicing.\" Jim Jamieson defeated Tommy Aaron in the Western Open in June 1972. \"Jamieson...readily admitted [his] good scores were due to the teachings of Bob Fry of Crow Valley Golf Club... Fry gave Jamieson tips on driving... Jamieson missed only three greens in regulation, making three birdies and an eagle in one 5-hole stretch. Jamieson explained Fry got him to concentrate on the tie instead of rushing to get it over with. \"The Michigan Golfer On-Line\", in their discussion of Garland-Lewiston, part of the Gaylord Golf Mecca, says instructor \"Lee Woodruff's philosophy of teaching comes from his long-time mentor, Bob Fry of Iowa. Fry always talked about balance in his lessons.\" Jim Hasley, an assistant to Fry before becoming a pro on his own, tells this story of Fry's character: \"A member from one of the local country clubs came into the pro shop and wanted to purchase some new clubs. Fry asked why the member didn't buy these from his own pro. The member said he had been in an argument with the other pro. After the sale, Fry figured out the profit, wrote out a check to the other pro for that amount, and sent the check with a fatherly note to the other pro to get back on good terms with his member.\" Fry was one of the few club professionals on the paid staff of Wilson Sporting Goods. Fry helped design and test new equipment. Many still use the special \"Bob Fry loft\" irons. Joe Phillips of Wilson Sporting Goods upon hearing of Fry's death said, \"Bob Fry was the epitome of a golf professional. Although an expert golfer himself, he dedicated his life to teaching golf and helping others improve their game. We've lost a good friend.\" Fry was Iowa PGA Section president from 1957 to 1959. Fry was inducted posthumously into the Iowa Golf Hall of Fame March 22, 1993. \"Source\" \"Source\" Bob Fry (golfer) Robert Nelson Fry (November 29, 1922 – January 12, 1993) was an American professional golfer instrumental in the development of golf in the Iowa and Illinois area. Born in Keokuk, Iowa, Fry began his golf career as a caddy at the age of 9. The first documentation of Fry's significant amateur play was in" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "TheBus (Prince George's County) TheBus (stylized as THEBUS) is a bus transportation system serving Prince George's County, Maryland, providing weekday-only service. There are 29 bus routes, with most operating between Washington Metro stations in the county, with two routes running to Upper Marlboro. The fare is $1.25, but seniors (age 60+), the disabled, one child under 5 years old, and students (between 2:00PM and 7:00PM) ride free. On October 13, 2008, TheBus began accepting payment using SmarTrip regional farecards. As of October 2012, the fleet consists of the following: The idea for Prince George's County establishing its own transit system was initially brought up by Prince George's County in 1986, as a way of providing better transportation access to the Upper Marlboro Courthouse and other important government offices, that were isolated from the many of the other areas of Prince George's County that were served by WMATA's Metrorail and Metrobus System. While WMATA itself, could have very easily have provided these areas of Prince George's County, it was not very cost effective for Prince George's County to allow WMATA to do so as WMATA would have charged Prince George's County for the costs of operating those particular bus routes. The reason why WMATA would have charged Prince George's County the costs of operating those routes was because of the fact that they were regional routes which were not at all profitable for WMATA to operate. The amount of ridership on those particular regional WMATA routes would not nearly offset WMATA's operational costs for those routes. Rather than swallowing WMATA's expensive costs, Prince George's County decided it would be much cheaper for the county to operate their own transit system instead. Prince George's County decided to create its own transit system after watching Montgomery County's success of developing its own \"Ride On\" transit system in March, 1975, to get around similar hurdles it experienced with WMATA's expensive charging for operating local routes in their county which were not profitable for WMATA to operate. Thus, Prince George's County's \"The Bus\" system was born on January, 1990. The first two, \"The Bus\" routes that Prince George's County started off operating were routes 20 and 21. PG County's The Bus Route 20 would operate between the Addison Road Metro Station (WMATA's Blue Line's northern terminus in Prince George's County at the time, prior to the Largo Town Center extension in December, 2004) and the Upper Marlboro Courthouse. Prince George's County's The Bus Route 21, on the other hand, would operate between the New Carrollton Metro Station (WMATA's Orange Line's northern terminus in Prince George's County) and Equestrian Center, also serving the Upper Marlboro Courthouse as well. After observing the success of these two Prince George's County bus routes, Prince George's County decided to expand its \"The Bus\" routes in April, 1996 from only two basic routes to six routes. Prince George's County's The Bus system was able to increase the number of routes it operated around this time as WMATA's northern Green Line stations in Prince George's County, which notably were the West Hyattsville, Prince George's Plaza, College Park U of MD, and Greenbelt opened about three years earlier in December, 1993. Thus, there were even more residential areas around these stations to serve. These additional The Bus routes would serve areas somewhat already served by WMATA's Metrobus and Metrorail system but instead provide additional transportation service to residents and business living in those areas. Even more The Bus routes were added as several WMATA's southern Green Line stations opened in January, 2001, which notably were the Southern Avenue, Naylor Road, Suitland, and Branch Avenue Metro Stations. Then, eventually, in December, 2004, PG County's The Bus expanded its The Bus Routes even more once WMATA's northern Blue Line stations; which were respectfully the Morgan Boulevard and the Largo Town Center Metro Stations, opened. TheBus (Prince George's County) TheBus (stylized as THEBUS) is a bus transportation system serving Prince George's County, Maryland, providing weekday-only service. There are 29 bus routes, with most operating between Washington Metro stations in the county, with two routes running to Upper Marlboro. The fare is $1.25, but seniors (age 60+), the disabled, one child under 5 years old, and students" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "San Rocco, Cameri San Rocco is a Roman Catholic oratory or small church located on Piazza Dante Alighieri, along with the parish church of San Michele and the church of the Santissimo Sacramento, in the center of Cameri, province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy. The church was building in the 16th century in a Greek Cross layout with a central octagonal dome with a small lantern. It is claimed that this was the first parish church in Cameri. It likely filled this function after 1583, while the present San Michele was being erected. At some point, perhaps after one of the frequent plague epidemics, the church was dedicated to St Roch. The interior has a number of frescoes, including one by the 16th century painter Giovanni Angelo De Canta. A fresco of the \"Madonna and Child\" was moved here from another building in the 20th century. San Rocco, Cameri San Rocco is a Roman Catholic oratory or small church located on Piazza Dante Alighieri, along with the parish church of San Michele and the church of the Santissimo Sacramento, in the center of Cameri, province of Novara, Piedmont, Italy. The church was building in the 16th century in a Greek Cross" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Reggie Cleveland Reginald Leslie Cleveland (born May 23, 1948) is a retired Canadian professional baseball player and right-handed pitcher who appeared in 428 games in Major League Baseball over 13 seasons (1969–81) for four different clubs. Born in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and raised in Cold Lake, Alberta, Cleveland was listed as tall and (13 stone, 13 lbs.). He was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986. Cleveland originally signed with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1966, and after a one-game trial with the Redbirds, he made the major leagues for good during August of . In his first full season, he won 12 games and the National League Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award from \"The Sporting News\". He hurled for the Cardinals (through ), Boston Red Sox (–78), Texas Rangers () and Milwaukee Brewers (–81). As a member of the pennant-winning 1975 Red Sox, he was the starting pitcher in Game 2 of the 1975 American League Championship Series against the Oakland Athletics. He allowed three runs and seven hits in five innings of work, exiting the game with the score tied, 3–3. He earned a no-decision, with Red Sox relief pitcher Rogelio Moret gaining credit for the win when Boston prevailed, 6–3. Then, in the 1975 World Series, Cleveland worked in three games, two in relief. He was the starting pitcher in Game 5 against the Cincinnati Reds on October 16 at Riverfront Stadium. He gave up seven hits and five runs, all earned, and was charged with the 6–2 loss. He also came out of the bullpen in the top of the ninth inning of Game 7 at Fenway Park and got the final out, but the Reds had already forged ahead against Cleveland's predecessor on the mound, Jim Burton, and secured a 4–3 win and the world championship. The 1975 campaign afforded Cleveland his only postseason appearances; in his four games and 11 innings pitched, he compiled a 0–1 win-loss record and a 6.17 earned run average. He ended his regular-season MLB career with 105 wins and 106 defeats, with a 3.73 ERA, 930 strikeouts, 57 complete games (in 203 career starting assignments), 12 shutouts and 25 saves. In 1,809 innings pitched, he allowed 1,843 hits and 543 bases on balls. In , while with the Red Sox, Cleveland led the American League in home runs allowed per nine innings (0.159). He served as a pitching coach in the Toronto Blue Jays' organisation during the 1990s. He has five children, adopted sons Timothy and Jonathan Cleveland, former Olympic swimmer, and three biological children, daughter Michelle and sons Michael and Todd from his first marriage to Kathleen (née Kubicki). <br> Reggie Cleveland Reginald Leslie Cleveland (born May 23, 1948) is a retired Canadian professional baseball player and right-handed pitcher who appeared in 428 games in Major League Baseball over 13 seasons (1969–81) for four different clubs. Born in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and raised in Cold Lake, Alberta, Cleveland was listed as tall and (13" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I. Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than he, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom. Waltheof was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. Around 1065, however, he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire. Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068. When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton. The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof (\"\"Walleff\"\"): \"'In Hallam (\"\"Halun\"\"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine \"carucates\" [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an \"Aula\" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith.\" (Hallam, or Hallamshire, is now part of the city of Sheffield) In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl. Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers. In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy. He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death. He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on 31 May 1076 at St. Giles's Hill, near Winchester. He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown into a ditch, but was later retrieved and buried in the chapter house of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire. In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk. This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey, which had a financial interest in the matter began to publicise it. As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was commemorated on 31 August. After a few years healing miracles were reputed to occur in the vicinity of Waltheof's tomb, often involving the restoration of the pilgrim's lost sight. Waltheof also became the subject of popular media, heroic but inaccurate accounts of his life being preserved in the \"Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis\", a Middle English \"Waltheof saga\", since lost, and the Anglo-Norman \"Waldef\". In 1070 Waltheof married Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. They had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise, married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny. One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (d. 1159), abbot of Melrose. Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria Waltheof, 1st Earl of Northumbria (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I. Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, Waltheof's" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Total Guitar Total Guitar is a monthly magazine based in the United Kingdom. The magazine is the best selling guitar magazine in Europe. The magazine is owned by Future plc, who publish many other magazines ranging from drums and video games to mountain bikes and knitting magazines. \"Total Guitar\" regularly contains tablature for rock, acoustic, punk, Blues, and Metal, as well as detailed profiles of guitarists and their specific techniques and playing styles. \"Total Guitar\" is aimed at players who would like to learn how to play guitar, with dedicated beginner tutorials in acoustic and electric guitar, as well as helping those who can already play guitar to develop their playing style and learn new techniques and songs. \"Total Guitar\" is mainly focused on tuition, but also has an expert gear reviews section that looks at the latest guitar equipment including guitars, amplifiers, pedals and accessories. \"Total Guitar\" also secures many exclusive interviews with guitarists from all kinds of genres and levels of playing, and has an in-depth features section. The Learn To Play section of \"Total Guitar\" covers songs from beginner level through to intermediate. The magazine also comes with a free CD in each issue that contains backing tracks and demonstration tracks to accompany the magazine's tablature and regularly features Video Lessons and Guest Lessons with a variety of guitarists. The magazine has also featured a DVD edition in two of the issues. \"Total Guitar\" has the largest amount of tablature in each issue of any other UK and European based guitar mag. 2010's line-up of Guest Lesson columnists so far for \"Total Guitar\" include Australian fingerstyle player Tommy Emmanuel, blues player Joe Bonamassa and metal guitarist Zakk Wylde. There have been guest spots from various other popular guitarists in \"Total Guitar\" over the years, such as Brian Setzer, Joe Trohman of Fall Out Boy, Mick Thompson and Jim Root of Slipknot, John 5, Synyster Gates and Zacky Vengeance of Avenged Sevenfold, Alex Skolnick, Mark Tremonti, of Alter Bridge, Marty Friedman, Joe Satriani, Wes Borland, Matt Tuck and Michael Paget of BFMV, and Matt Heafy and Corey Beaulieu of Trivium. The magazine celebrated its 200th issue in April 2010, with Jimi Hendrix on the cover. \"Total Guitar\" has launched its new-look website, featuring practical features, reviews, tips, song index for tabs in back issues and guitar news stories and interviews The magazine's current team is: Total Guitar Total" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Golden Fleece Award The Golden Fleece Award (1975–1988) was a tongue-in-cheek award given to public officials in the United States for their squandering of public money, its name sardonically purloined from the actual Order of the Golden Fleece, a prestigious chivalric award created in the late-15th Century, and a play on the transitive verb \"fleece\", as in charging excessively for goods or services. United States Senator William Proxmire, a Democrat from Wisconsin, began to issue the Golden Fleece Award in 1975 in monthly press releases. \"The Washington Post\" once referred to the award as \"the most successful public relations device in politics today.\" Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, referred to the award as being \"as much a part of the Senate as quorum calls and filibusters.\" William Proxmire, a United States Senator who represented the Democratic Party from Wisconsin, issued the award monthly from 1975 until 1988, his Senate retirement. In total, he issued 168 Golden Fleece Awards. Though some members of the United States House of Representatives asked Proxmire's permission to continue the award, he declined, saying he might continue to issue them as a private citizen. Other organizations patterned their own \"Golden Fleece Awards\" after Proxmire's. The Taxpayers for Common Sense, a nonpartisan federal budget watchdog organization, gave Proxmire their lifetime achievement award in 1999, and revived the Golden Fleece Award in 2000. Proxmire served as an honorary chairman of the organization. One winner of the Golden Fleece Award, behavioral scientist Ronald Hutchinson, sued Proxmire for libel, requesting $8 million in damages, in 1976. Proxmire claimed that his statements about Hutchinson's research were protected by the Speech or Debate Clause of the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court of the United States ruled, in \"Hutchinson v. Proxmire\", that the protection of speech and debate of lawmakers in the Constitution did not shield Proxmire from liability for defamatory statements made outside of formal congressional proceedings. The case was later settled out of court. Proxmire continued to present the award following the suit. In his 2014 book \"Creativity, Inc.\", Pixar President Ed Catmull spoke of the \"chilling effect on research\" The Golden Fleece Award exerts. He argues that when you fund thousands of research projects, some have measurable, positive impacts and that others don't. It is not possible to predict what the results of every research project would be or whether they would have value. He further argues that failure in research is essential and that fear of failure would distort the way researchers choose projects, which would ultimately impede progress. Winners of the Golden Fleece Award included governmental organizations like the United States Department of Defense, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service; research projects have been particularly well represented. The National Science Foundation (NSF) won the first Golden Fleece Award for spending $84,000 on a study on love. Proxmire reasoned that: The Federal Aviation Administration was named for spending $57,800 on a study of the physical measurements of 432 airline stewardesses, that included the \"distance from knee to knee while sitting\", and \"the politeal [sic] length of the buttocks.\" He also gave the award to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for their Search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) program, supporting the scientific search for extraterrestrial civilizations. Proxmire later withdrew his opposition to the SETI program. It is widely believed he gave the award to a study of the sex life of the screwworm fly, the results of which led scientists to create sterile screwworms that were released into the wild and eliminated this major cattle parasite from North and Central America, and reduced the cost of beef and dairy products across the globe. However, there is no evidence for this claim in the archives of the Award held by the Wisconsin Historical Society. Furthermore, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)-funded research on the sex life of the screwworm fly took place in the 1930s through 1950s, long before the Golden Fleece era of the 1970s and 80s, when Proxmire largely targeted contemporary research. The erroneous claim seems to stem from a speech by a former Director of the National Science Foundation, who stated that Proxmire gave the award to an NSF grant entitled, \"The Sexual Behavior of the Screwworm Fly,\" and later \"freely admitted that the study of the sex life of the screwworm fly had been of major significance to progress in this important field.\" Other award winners included: Golden Fleece Award The Golden Fleece Award (1975–1988) was a tongue-in-cheek award given to public officials in the United States for their squandering of public money, its name sardonically purloined from the actual Order of the Golden Fleece, a prestigious chivalric award created in the late-15th Century, and a play on the transitive verb \"fleece\", as in charging excessively for goods or services. United" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Mexican Kickapoo The Mexican Kickapoo (Tribu Kikapú) are a bi-national indigenous people, some of whom live both in Mexico and in the United States. In Mexico, they were granted land at Hacienda del Nacimiento near the town of Múzquiz in the state of Coahuila in 1850. A few small groups of Kickapoo also live in the states of Sonora and Durango. The Mexican Kickapoo often work as migrants in Texas and move throughout the midwest and the western United States, returning in winter to Mexico. They are affiliated with the federally recognized tribes of the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas, Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, and Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas. In 1979 the Mexican Kickapoo who were dual residents requested clarification of their status, as they had no clear legal status in either the United States or Mexico. An Act was passed in 1983 by the United States Congress, which recognized them as a distinct subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma. It also granted federal recognition to the Texas Kickapoo. A 1985 law gave the Texas band the option of selecting Mexican or U.S. citizenship. Some 145 of the tribe members chose to become U.S. citizens and the remaining 500 or so chose to obtain Mexican citizenship. The hacienda occupied by the Mexican Kickapoo, is located approximately 32 kilometers northeast of the city of Múzquiz and is called by them \"\"El Nacimiento de la Tribu Kikapú\"\" (The Birthplace of the Kickapoo Tribe). Their property contains approximately 17,300 acres of semi-arid land sourced with water from the Río Sabinas. The Mexican Kickapoo traditionally have a president of the \"ejido\" (common lands) who is supported by a council of elders for making business decisions; however, an assembly made up of the heads of families decides all important, tribal political matters. This assembly chooses the community leadership. They have no representation in local, state or federal Mexican politics. The Kickapoo kinship system is based on patrilineal clans, by which inheritance and property are passed through the paternal line. Children are considered born into the father's clan. There are 14 of the original 17 clans remaining: Man, Berry, Thunder, Buffalo #1, Tree, Black Bear, Eagle, Brown Bear, Buffalo #2, Fire, Water, Raccoon, and Fox. Marriage possibilities are based on affection; however, the clan system regulates the possibilities of each individual. The Kickapoo are matrilocal, meaning that young couples live in housing compounds and living arrangements near the woman's mother and grandmother. Women not only maintain but build the dwelling shelters. Women gather the materials to build their housing and are responsible for all housework. The Mexican Kickapoo speak the Kickapoo language, which is a Fox language, part of the large Algonquian languages family. They also speak Spanish and English; typically these are not learned in school, but rather through exposure. Traditionally a hunter-gatherer peoples, in the early twentieth century the Kickapoo began switching to agriculture. By the 1930s they had developed a modern system of farming. Due to significant droughts in the 1940s, the Kickapoo became migrant farm workers in the United States, abandoning agriculture on their own land. In the 1950s they began transforming their own farms into grazing lands for cattle breeding. Both men and women do migrant farm labor. When they are living in Mexico, only the men participate in the livestock trade. Kickapoo comes from their word \"\"Kiwigapawa,\"\" which roughly translates into \"he moves from here to there.\" The tribe is part of the central Algonquian group and has close ethnic and linguistic connections with the Sac and Fox. The Kickapoo were first recorded by Europeans in about 1667-70 as residing at the confluence of the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. Under pressure from the Menominee, the Kickapoo and their allies moved south and west into southern Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, and northern Iowa. A treaty dated 7 June 1803 between the U.S. Government and the Delaware, Shawnee, Potawatomi, Miami, Eel River, Wea, Kickapoo, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes occupying the country watered by the Ohio, Wabash and Miami rivers and a subsequent treaty dated 7 August 1803 ceded lands previously granted in the Treaty of Greenville in 1795 by General Anthony Wayne, and Fort Wayne and Vincennes, Indiana. By these treaties and succeeding treaties in 1809, 1815, 1816, 1819, and 1820 the tribe ceded all their lands on the Wabash, White and Vermilion rivers and moved into Missouri along the Osage River. In 1832, the tribe ceded their lands in Missouri and were granted a \"permanent\" home south of the Delaware Nation in Kansas near Fort Leavenworth. Around the same time as the Kickapoo moved into Kansas, some of them went to Texas, invited to settle there by the Spanish colonial governor to serve as a buffer between Mexico and American expansionists. The Mexican War of Independence and the Texas Revolution proved that the tide of settlers would not be stopped by the few hundred Kickapoo. At the conclusion of the Texas Revolution, these groups moved south into Mexico. In 1854 the eastern portion of the Kansas lands was ceded to the United States, leaving the Kickapoo the western 150,000 acres. Two provisions of this treaty were to have long-lasting effects on the tribe. The treaty authorized a survey of the Kickapoo lands which could be used as the basis for fee-simple allotment and it granted a railroad right-of-way across the reservation. Using these two clauses as a basis, the local agent, William Badger, convinced the Commissioner of Indian Affairs Charles E. Mix that the Kickapoo wanted to have their communal lands allotted to individual households. Considering that the tribe had always held their lands in common, it is unlikely that the tribe wanted allotment. However, in light of Badger's persuasiveness, Mix directed that allotment proceed if 1) the Indians paid for the costs of surveying and allotting the land, 2) 80 acres was allotted to each head of household, and 3) any lands remaining after allotment of the Kansas Kickapoo be reserved for resettlement of the Mexican Kickapoo. Holding the lands not allotted for the Southern Kickapoo was not in the interests of the railroad, and Badger began pressuring tribal members for allotment. Though they complained, it was a change in presidential administrations due to a national election that caused Badger to be replaced in office in 1861 by his brother-in-law Charles B. Keith. Keith was a political ally of Senator Samuel C. Pomeroy, who was the president of the Atchison and Pike's Peak Railroad, the central section of the Transcontinental railroad, which had been formed in 1859. The railroad wanted to gain the right-of-way across the Kickapoo Reservation and title to any surplus lands when the reservation was allotted. Pomeroy and Keith both met with and wrote letters to Commissioner Mix urging allotment and by 1862, a new treaty was made with the Kickapoo. The 28 June 1862 agreement allowed for chiefs to receive 320 acres, heads of households to receive 160 acres, and all other tribe members to get 40 acres each, with the bulk of the remaining 125,000 acres to be sold to the railroad. Those who chose not to accept allotment could continue to hold their lands in common until such time as an arrangement could be made to locate a new reserve in Oklahoma, i.e. Indian Territory. Any Southern Kickapoo had one year to return to Kansas and take up their allotment, or it would be forfeit. When news of the treaty being approved broke, protest erupted. The Kickapoo indicated that they were unaware that the agreement had been reached and thought that they were still negotiating terms. The Kansas Attorney General, Warren William Guthrie, launched a grand jury hearing. The charges were considered serious enough that allotment was suspended and the new Commissioner of Indian Affairs, William P. Dole, appointed in 1863, traveled to Kansas to", "125,000 acres to be sold to the railroad. Those who chose not to accept allotment could continue to hold their lands in common until such time as an arrangement could be made to locate a new reserve in Oklahoma, i.e. Indian Territory. Any Southern Kickapoo had one year to return to Kansas and take up their allotment, or it would be forfeit. When news of the treaty being approved broke, protest erupted. The Kickapoo indicated that they were unaware that the agreement had been reached and thought that they were still negotiating terms. The Kansas Attorney General, Warren William Guthrie, launched a grand jury hearing. The charges were considered serious enough that allotment was suspended and the new Commissioner of Indian Affairs, William P. Dole, appointed in 1863, traveled to Kansas to investigate. In the hearings that followed, allegations were made that Guthrie's real interest in the matter stemmed from his involvement with a rival railroad, the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad Corporation. Dole returned to Washington and submitted his report to President Lincoln on 4 April 1864. Some of the frustrated Kickapoo decided to leave Kansas, and a group of about 700 headed for Mexico to join kinsmen there in September 1864. In 1865 pressure from Pomeroy finally gained the approval to continue with the Kickapoo allotment, though the tribe resisted. By 1869, only 93 Kansas Kickapoo had accepted fee simple allotment, the remainder preferring to continue holding their lands in common. Though a small band, approximately 50 tribesmen returned from Mexico to the Kansas Reservation before the forfeit period lapsed. They settled on the common lands briefly, but left before claiming their allotments. They later joined the Kickapoo in Indian Territory in 1874. In 1875, a group of 114 of the Mexican Kickapoo were returned to the Kansas Reservation. The first Southern Kickapoo migration occurred around the time that the tribe was settled in Kansas. They traveled across the southern plains, fighting the Seminole in Florida around 1837 and traveled into Texas in search of horses from the Comanche. In 1850, they agreed to act as a buffer between Mexicans, invading Texas settlers and the Lipan, Comanche and other tribes in Northern Coahuila. As a reward for their service, the Spanish governor awarded them a land grant at Hacienda del Nacimiento near the settlement of Santa Rosa (now known as Múzquiz). At the peak of their strength, the southern Kickapoo, numbered about 1500 and by 1860 were living in a swath from the Canadian and Washita rivers in Indian Territory to the Sabine and Brazos rivers in Texas to the Remolino River in northern Mexico. In 1864, about 700 Kickapoo, frustrated with the duplicitous actions of agents and their railroad colleagues in Kansas left to join their kinsmen in Mexico. The Kickapoo that left Kansas in the fall of 1864 were led by chiefs Pecan, Papicua, and Nokohat. Confederate scouts picked up their trail and reported their findings to Captain Henry Fossett and Captain S. S. Totten, leader of a group of Texas Militiamen. On 8 January 1865, the Texans charged the Kickapoo at Dove Creek, were engaged in battle for a brief half-hour and then retreated. The Kickapoo had lost about 15 warriors and the Texans twice as many men. In 1868, a report to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs indicated that there were approximately 800 Kickapoo living in Mexico and claimed that the Mexican Kickapoo were responsible for raids in the western part of Texas. In an effort to pacify the Texas citizens and ward off difficulties with Mexico, the U.S. determined to retrieve the Kickapoo. Congress passed P.L. 16 Stat. 359 an Act of 15 July 1870 to appropriate funds for the Secretary of the Interior to collect Kickapoo in Texas and Mexico and establish them in the Indian Territory. A second Act, P.L. 16 Stat. 569, passed by Congress on 3 March 1871 appropriated funds for the resettlement and subsistence of the Kickapoo on reservations within the United States. Armed with these two Acts, Indian Agent John D. Miles, went with a delegation of Kansas Kickapoo to try to persuade the Indians at Santa Rosa to return to the United States. Mexican authorities refused to allow Miles to speak with the Kickapoo as the residents of Santa Rosa saw them as their only defense from other marauding tribes. In 1873, after complaints were again received indicating that Mexican authorities were using the Kickapoo to hide the theft of Texas cattle by Mexicans, another attempt was made to bring the Kickapoo to Indian Territory. Special Agents H. M. Atkinson and Col. T. G. Williams went to Saltillo, to negotiate directly with Governor Victoriano Cepeda Camacho. Though citizens and the Legislature of Coahuila did not support the action, Cepeda appointed an officer to assist the agents and gave him a proclamation that they were to be assisted by the officials and citizenry. While the delegation was en route to Santa Rosa, a party of Americans under the command of General MacKenzie attacked the Kickapoo, thinking that they were a group of raiding Lipan, which did not make the Kickapoo receptive to relocating when the agents arrived. In the autumn of 1874, Atkinson and Williams were finally able to persuade a group of about 300 Kickapoo to resettle. The Mexican Kickapoos were to be removed to the Indian Territory, in the present State of Oklahoma to a location on the north fork of the Canadian River and provided with farm equipment to begin cultivation. The adjustment was difficult and by 1883, they had still not been provided with a permanent title to the lands they were occupying. By an executive order issued 15 August 1883, the Kickapoo were granted the lands that they had been occupying near the southwest corner of the Sac and Fox Reservation which had been ceded in 1866 by the Muscogee (Creek) Nation for resettlement of freedmen and others. Four years later with the passage of the Dawes Act pressure began mounting to secure fee simple title for the Oklahoma Kickapoo. On 21 June 1891 the tribe agreed to cede their reservation in exchange for 80 acre allotments for each tribesman. The Kickapoo were \"bitterly opposed\" to allotment and fought the process until 1894. Mexican Kickapoo The Mexican Kickapoo (Tribu Kikapú) are a bi-national indigenous people, some of whom live both in Mexico and in the United States. In Mexico, they were granted land at Hacienda del Nacimiento near the town of Múzquiz in the state of Coahuila in 1850. A few small groups of Kickapoo also live in the states of Sonora and Durango. The Mexican Kickapoo often work as migrants in Texas and move throughout the midwest and the western United States, returning in winter to Mexico. They are affiliated with the" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Stefan M. Selig Stefan M. Selig (born 1963) is an American investment banker, and past Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade at the U.S. Department of Commerce from June 2014 to June 2016. In his role, he was responsible for promoting trade and investment to strengthen the competitiveness of U.S. industry and \"improve the global business environment\". He advocated for the Trans-Pacific Partnership, negotiated the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership and expanded SelectUSA. Selig grew up in New York and attended the Dalton School on the Upper East Side. He graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut with a B.A. in Economics in 1984. Selig completed the Platoon Leaders Class at Officer Candidate School for the United States Marine Corps. He briefly considered the Marine Corps, but instead chose to go into business, attended Harvard Business School, earning an MBA in 1988. In 1984, Selig joined First Boston Corp, where he worked in the mergers and acquisitions department for the investment bankers Bruce Wasserstein and Joseph Perella. In 1988, he joined Wasserstein's and Perella's own firm, Wasserstein Perella & Co., which has been described as a training ground which helped create \"a dynasty of bankers and executives that has spread throughout Wall Street and corporate America\". Later he became a partner at Berenson Minella & Co., a boutique investment bank where he organized high-profile buyouts, including the $65 million+ takeovers by CCMP Capital and Apollo Advisors of Gerber Products Co.’s Buster Brown children's apparel subsidiary, the acquisition by Castle Harlan Inc. of MAG Aerospace Industries Inc. from Vestar Capital Partners Inc., and Chemical Venture Partners purchase of Chiquita Brands International’s Speciality Meat Group in 1994. In 1994, Selig joined UBS as head of its financial sponsor group and as co-head of mergers and acquisitions. After 4 years he moved to Société Générale in 1998. He worked for Bank of America from 1999 until 2014, where he rose to executive vice chairman of global corporate and investment banking. He has been \"known for advising on consumer and retail deals\". He advised on the 2013 sale of Yankee Candle Co. to Jarden Corp. for $1.75 billion; From 2007 to 2010 he worked on a number of deals for L Brands, parent company of Victoria’s Secret and Bath & Body Works to buyout firm Sun Capital Partners Inc. L Brands chief executive Leslie Wexner applauded the nomination. He is a founder and managing partner of BridgePark Advisors. In November 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Selig as Under Secretary for International Trade at the Department of Commerce to replace Frank Sanchez. In February 2014 Salon.com wrote that Selig had \"received more than $9 million in bonus pay ... in addition to the $5.1 million in incentive pay awarded in 2013. During the United States congressional hearing before the Senate Committee on Finance on 8 May 2014 it became known that Selig invested in offshore funds of buy-out firm Sun Capital Partners Fund V, which \"in 2010 was domiciled [...] in the Cayman Islands, and in 2012 [...] at the now infamous Ugland House.\" Selig’s Schedule 2012 K-1 tax document, showed the value of his account was $721,802 and another investment in Conversus Capital, of Trafalgar Court, St. Peter Port, Guernsey Channel Islands was worth $1,123,523 in 2012. Orrin Hatch (R) reminded the committee that President Obama had characterized these types of investments as “betting against America\" during his 2012 election campaign. Selig was the Executive Director of the Travel and Tourism Advisory Board and on the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC). Upon his confirmation on June 4, 2014, U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker said that Selig's core priorities were the 'Open for Business Agenda', the National Export Initiative and the expansion of SelectUSA to attract more investment in the U.S. Selig oversaw more than 2,200 trade and investment professionals, based in 110 U.S. cities and 77 countries, where he deployed a budget of over $500 million. In 2015, he expanded SelectUSA, the first federal effort to promote the US as the world’s most attractive investment destination. He advocated for the Trans-Pacific Partnership and in May 2015, rejected EU concerns that the arbitration panel for investor-state dispute settlement would allow companies to bypass national courts, calling criticism that it undermined governments' right to regulate \"misguided\". Selig thought the TPP would go through in 2016. He led the International Trade Administration to strengthen U.S. industry competitiveness, promote trade and investment and to improve the global business environment. In 2015, Selig´s teams reauthorized Trade Promotion Authority for the first time in thirteen years, concluded the Information Technology Agreement, a World Trade Organization agreement which covers 200 information and communications technology products valued at $1 trillion in global trade and negotiated the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. He established the U.S.-India Strategic and Commercial Dialogue the U.S.-Japan Commercial Dialogue, and the U.S.-Argentina Commercial Dialogue. In 2014, Selig achieved outcomes with the Mexican Government through the High-Level Economic Dialogue, co-chaired by Vice President Biden. He was commissioner for the Congressional Executive Commission on China, directed the President’s Advisory Council on Doing Business in Africa and has been a lifetime member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He revamped operations and priorities for U.S. commercial diplomacy staff. In late June 2016, Selig left the Commerce Department as the Inspector General's office was completing an investigation into his business expense reimbursements for luxury hotels while traveling. In September 2016, the Inspector General's final report found Selig received unjustified reimbursements on multiple occasions for luxury hotel stays and premium car service expenses associated with his trips; that he used a staff member for handling his personal business and provided knowingly false information about his travel arrangements; that the commerce department paid $50,000 for a questionable office renovation exceeding the $5000 limit Because Selig and his assistant had left before the report was published, the OIG did not recommend the Department to take administrative action. Selig claimed in a letter to the editor that he had \"followed proper protocol\" and delegated the handling of his travel expenses. Selig is married to Heidi Selig. Selig previously served as a member of the board of directors of Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and Services for the UnderServed, which supports individuals and families facing challenging situations. Stefan M. Selig Stefan M. Selig (born 1963) is an American investment banker, and past Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade at the U.S. Department of Commerce from June 2014 to June 2016. In his role, he was responsible for promoting trade and investment to strengthen the competitiveness of U.S. industry" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "Art Front Art Front was a short-lived American art magazine published by the Artists Union in New York. Twenty-five issues appeared between November 1934 and December 1937. In early 1934 a group called the Artists Committee of Action formed to protest Nelson Rockefeller's destruction of Diego Rivera's mural \"Man at the Crossroads\"; Hugo Gellert, Stuart Davis, Zoltan Hecht and Lionel S. Reiss were among the leaders. In the autumn of 1934 Herman Baron, director of the American Contemporary Art gallery, was asked to join them; he offered to publish a bulletin for the group, like those he had previously issued through his gallery. Gellert suggested to the Artists Union that they should collaborate on the project. The name \"Art Front\" was suggested by Herbert Kruckman. The first issue appeared in November 1934. Baron was managing editor, with an editorial committee of sixteen, eight from each of the partner groups. Apart from Gellert, Davis and Hecht, those from the Artists Committee of Action were Hilda Abel, Harold Baumbach, Abraham Harriton, Rosa Pringle and Jennings Tofel, while those from the Artists Union were Boris Gorelick, Katherine Gridley, Ethel Olenikov, Robert Jonas, Kruckman, Michael Loew, C. Mactarian and Max Spivak. Art Front Art" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
{ "retrieved": [ "2004 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2004 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 16, 2004, and ended with the championship game on April 5 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. A total of 64 games were played. The NCAA named, for the first time, the four tournament regions after regional site host cities instead of the \"East\", \"Midwest\", \"South\", and \"West\" designations. It was also the first year that the matchups for the national semifinals were determined at least in part by the overall seeding of the top team in each regional . The top four teams in the tournament were Kentucky, Duke, Stanford, and Saint Joseph's. Had all of those teams advanced to the Final Four, Kentucky would have played Saint Joseph's and Duke would have played Stanford in the semifinal games. Of those teams, only Duke advanced to the Final Four. They were joined by Connecticut, making their first appearance since defeating Duke for the national championship in 1999, Oklahoma State, making their first appearance since 1995, and Georgia Tech, making their first appearance since 1990. Connecticut defeated Georgia Tech 82-73 to win their second national championship in as many tries. Emeka Okafor of Connecticut was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. As they had in 1999, Connecticut won their regional championship in Phoenix, Arizona. Two of the tournament's top seeds failed to make it past the opening weekend. Kentucky, number one seed of the St. Louis region, and Stanford, #1 seed of the Phoenix region, both were defeated. Incidentally, both teams were defeated by schools from Alabama, as Kentucky fell to UAB while Stanford lost to Alabama. Due to their strong 2003–04 season, Gonzaga achieved its highest NCAA tournament seed until 2013 by receiving the #2 seed in the St. Louis region. Gonzaga would receive a #1 seed in the 2013 tournament. The team failed to advance beyond the first weekend of the tournament, however. The following were the sites that hosted rounds during the 2004 tournament: San Antonio and the Alamodome became the hosts of the Final Four for the second time in 2004. There were no new host cities in this tournament but there were three new venues. For the first time since 1970, the tournament returned to Columbus, Ohio, this time at Nationwide Arena, home to the NHL's Columbus Blue Jackets and sister venue to the Value City Arena on the campus of Ohio State University. After a shorter absence of only five years, basketball returned to the Mile High City at the Pepsi Center, home to the NBA's Denver Nuggets and the NHL's Colorado Avalanche. And for the first time since 1982, the tournament returned to Raleigh, North Carolina at the RBC Center, the off-campus home to the NC State Wolfpack, which replaced the Reynolds Coliseum, NC State's former basketball arena and the former site of tournament games in the city. This was the last tournament to feature games held at Kemper Arena and the TD Waterhouse Centre; both have been replaced in their respective cities by the Sprint Center and Amway Center, both of which have hosted games since. <nowiki>*</nowiki>Florida A&M University won the Opening Round game. The America East, Atlantic Sun, Big Sky, Big South, CAA, Horizon League, Mid-Continent, Ivy, MAC, MEAC, Northeast, Ohio Valley, Patriot, SoCon, Southland, SWAC, and Sun Belt conferences all went 0–1. The columns R32, S16, E8, F4, and CG respectively stand for the Round of 32, Sweet Sixteen, Elite Eight, Final Four, and Championship Game. At Alamodome, San Antonio, Texas Greg Gumbel once again served as the studio host, joined by analysts Clark Kellogg and Seth Davis. 2004 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 2004 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 16, 2004, and ended with the championship game on April 5 at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. A total of 64 games were played. The NCAA named, for the first time, the four tournament" ] }	RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

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