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"Legend of Diego Salcedo Diego Salcedo (died 1511) was a semi-legendary Spanish conquistador who is said to have lived during the colonization of the Americas. According to legend, his death at the hands of the indigenous Taíno people ignited the Taíno rebellion of 1511. According to the story, Salcedo died in 1511, during a trip to Puerto Rico, when Taínos, under the command of Agüeybaná II (brother of the great Taino Cacique Agüeybaná) and the Cacique of Añasco, Urayoán, drowned him in the Río Grande de Añasco. Historically, two versions about how Salcedo was lured to his death have collided. Many books assert that the soldier had been told he'd be taken to a lake filled with Taíno women that he could have sex with, and, once there, he found not women, but men who then proceeded to drown him. The other version has Salcedo being offered a ride across a river by Taínos who carried him on their arms, and then drowned him and kept him for days, afraid he'd still be alive and until they were certain he was dead. A third, and most accepted version of Salcedo's death says that the Tainos, fearing that the Spaniards might be gods, refrained from harming them. After suffering under the Spaniards for so long, the Tainos, by order of Agüeybaná, ambushed Salcedo as he was drinking water at the edge of a river. Fearing that Salcedo might resurrect after three days—based on their understanding of the Christian teachings wielded by Catholic priests—they sat around for three days waiting for Salcedo to come back from the dead, but all they saw was Salcedo's body rotting due to the heat just as they would. At that moment the Tainos realized that these were no gods. It was with Salcedo's death that the Taínos were encouraged to declare war on the Spaniards in Puerto Rico. This led to the Taino rebellion of 1511. However, the Tainos were quickly defeated due to the Spaniards' better weaponry and war expertise. After the death of Agüeybaná II, the native warriors retracted and became disorganized. Agüeybaná II's followers opted for engaging the Spaniards via guerilla tactics. Such guerilla warfare lasted for the next eight years, until 1519. A second round of raids erupted in 1513 when Ponce de Leon departed the island to explore Florida. The settlement of Caparra, the seat of the island government at that time, was sacked and burned by an alliance between Taínos and natives from the northeastern Antilles. By 1520 the Taíno presence on the island had almost disappeared. A government census in 1530 reports the existence of only 1,148 Taínos remaining in Puerto Rico. However, oppressive conditions for the surviving Taíno continued. Many of those who stayed on the island soon died either due to cruel treatment or the smallpox epidemic, which attacked the island in 1519. A local-legend tells of a ghostly Taino woman, supposedly Salcedo's lover, that still haunts the site of his drowning at present-day Añasco. This belief is exemplified by a verse in the town's anthem: Salcedo is referenced in a song of Puerto Rican rock band Fiel a la Vega. The song is titled \"El Asunto: Salcedo Sigue Siendo Mortal\" (The Issue: Salcedo is still a Mortal) and it makes a comparison between the Spaniards' rule in the island and the United States' invasion of 1898. Legend of Diego Salcedo Diego Salcedo (died 1511) was a semi-legendary Spanish conquistador who is said to have lived during the colonization of the Americas. According to legend, his death at the hands of the indigenous Taíno people ignited the"
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"Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics The 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Munich, West Germany, 29 events in swimming were contested. There was a total of 532 participants from 52 countries competing. Perhaps the most spectacular athletic events were in swimming. Mark Spitz of the United States had a spectacular run, lining up for seven events, winning seven Olympic titles and setting seven world records. The seven world records in a single Olympic meet was tied by Michael Phelps in 2008. According to the official Olympic website, \"He took part in the 4×200 m one hour after his final in the 100 m butterfly. As for the 200 m freestyle gold, it was his third medal in three days\" . On the women's side of the competition, Shane Gould of Australia won 5 medals. She won the 200 m and 400 m freestyle as well as the 200 m individual medley, each with a new world record time. In addition, she won the silver and the bronze in the 800 m and 100 m freestyle, respectively. In terms of records, the Olympic record was broken at least once in all 29 events. In 20 of those events, there was a new world record set. 532 swimmers from 52 nations competed. Swimming at the 1972 Summer Olympics The 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Munich, West Germany, 29 events in swimming were contested. There was a total of 532 participants from 52 countries competing. Perhaps the most spectacular athletic events were in swimming. Mark Spitz of the United States had a spectacular run, lining up for seven events, winning seven Olympic titles and setting seven world records. The seven world records in a single Olympic meet was tied by Michael Phelps in 2008. According to the official Olympic website, \"He"
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"Ganymede (software) Ganymede is an open source network directory management framework, designed to allow administrator teams to collaboratively manage subsets of an organization's directory services, such as NIS, DNS, Active Directory / LDAP, DHCP, and RADIUS, among others. First announced and released at the 1998 USENIX LISA conference, Ganymede has been under public development and use since then. Ganymede uses a central server which supports clients connecting via Java RMI. The Ganymede server maintains a transactional object graph database of network information such as user objects, group objects, system objects, network objects, etc. Users and administrators run Ganymede clients (GUI or XML based) to create, modify, or delete objects in the database. Whenever a user commits a transaction, the Ganymede server schedules a number of background threads to write out updated network source files and run whatever system scripts are required to propagate the new data into the managed network directory services. If multiple users are working concurrently, the scheduler makes sure that the entire network environment is updated with transactionally consistent directory images as builds finish and new ones are issued. The Ganymede server is meant to be programmed by the adopter, who can define arbitrary object data types along with custom logic to interact with the user through the GUI and to maintain consistency within and between objects. Adopters can also create custom tasks which can be executed at specified times by the internal Ganymede scheduler. Such custom tasks can make changes in the server's object database and/or can run external scripts to update external services. Ganymede has an elaborate XML data format which can be used to import and export the server's object database schema and object data. Importing XML will typically result in the creation, modification, or deletion of database objects, and will trigger one or more network directory service rebuilds just as using the GUI client would do. Above all, Ganymede is designed around administration teams. Administrators are members of 'Owner Groups', which own objects. Any object that is changed by a user or an automated task can result in change report email being sent to administrators in the appropriate Owner Group, making it possible for admins to keep up to date with changes that others in their groups are making. Owner Groups can be granted authority over arbitrary subsets of the object database, making it easy to slice up the network directory space in any fashion that may be desired. As a programmable framework, Ganymede must be programmed for a specific set of directory management tasks. Fundamental Generic Networking in Germany has used it as the basis of their Doctor DNS project, which is being used to manage DNS for the Kaiserslautern University of Technology. Ganymede (software) Ganymede is an open source network directory management framework, designed to allow administrator teams to collaboratively manage subsets of an organization's directory services, such as NIS, DNS, Active Directory / LDAP, DHCP, and RADIUS, among others. First announced and released at the 1998 USENIX LISA conference, Ganymede"
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"retrieved": [
"Maianbar Bundeena Bus Service Mainanbar Bundeena Bus Service is an Australian bus company operating services in southern Sydney. In April 1953 SM Allison commenced operating route 64 Bundeena Wharf - Bonnie Vale Camping Ground. After passing through a number of owners, the business was purchased by Peter Leahy in 1983. This was followed in 1989 by Bundeena Bus Service being purchased from Western Road Liners. They operate bus route 989 for local bus services between Maianbar and Bundeena on school days only. In addition there is one return trip every Wednesday to Engadine and one return trip every Friday to Miranda both from Bundeena via Maianbar and through the Royal National Park. Since 2005 Bundeena Bus' services have been part of Sydney Bus Region 11, now Region 10. As at March 2014 the fleet consisted of five buses. Maianbar Bundeena Bus Service Mainanbar Bundeena Bus Service is an Australian bus company operating services in southern Sydney. In April 1953 SM Allison commenced operating route 64 Bundeena Wharf - Bonnie Vale Camping Ground. After passing through a number of owners, the business was purchased by Peter Leahy in 1983. This was followed in 1989 by Bundeena Bus Service being purchased from"
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"Khomasdal North Khomasdal North is a constituency in Windhoek in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Its population is 26,621. The constituency consists of parts of the suburbs Khomasdal, Katutura, and Otjomuise. The first councillor of this constituency was Karel Persendt (SWAPO). In 1998, Margaret Mensah-Williams, also on a SWAPO ticket, took over from him. She was reelected in the 2015 regional elections with 4,121 votes. Sylvester Kazapua of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) came second with 723 votes. Uzikama Kandjii of the National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO, 384 votes) and Bartholomeus Tjiunomuinjo Kauahuma of the South West Africa National Union (SWANU, 170 votes) also contested this election. Khomasdal North Khomasdal North is a constituency in Windhoek in the Khomas Region of Namibia. Its population is 26,621. The constituency consists of parts of the suburbs Khomasdal, Katutura, and Otjomuise. The first councillor of this constituency was Karel Persendt (SWAPO). In 1998, Margaret Mensah-Williams, also on a SWAPO ticket, took over from him. She was reelected in the 2015 regional elections with 4,121 votes. Sylvester Kazapua of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) came second with 723 votes. Uzikama Kandjii of the National Unity Democratic Organisation (NUDO, 384 votes) and Bartholomeus Tjiunomuinjo Kauahuma"
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"retrieved": [
"Katherine Reynolds Katherine Reynolds (born September 14, 1987) is an American professional soccer player. She currently plays as a defender for the Portland Thorns of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) in the USA. She previously played for the Philadelphia Independence and Atlanta Beat of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS), Western New York Flash and Washington Spirit of the NWSL, and Newcastle Jets in the Australian W-League, as well as the United States U-23 women's national soccer team. Born in San Clemente, California, Reynolds was raised in Medina, Washington, a suburb east of Seattle. She attended University Prep where she was a three-time MVP and captained the team to the state title in 2004. Reynolds was a member of the Region IV Olympic Development Program (ODP) team. She also played nine years for Eastside F.C. and played for the Seattle Sounder Saints in 2006. Reynolds was named Washington State Soccer Athlete of the Year and was named to the league's first team all four years. She also ran track, played basketball and tennis, was a two-time Track Athlete of the Year, and was an eight-time State Champion on the track. Reynolds attended Santa Clara University from 2006 to 2009. She made 67 appearances for the Broncos. During her senior year, she started in all 22 games and was named to the MAC Hermann Trophy watch list. She also received NSCAA All-West Region Second Team recognition and was named to both the WCC Preseason All-Conference Team and the All-WCC Academic Team. Reynolds played for the Seattle Sounders Women from 2006 to 2009. In 2009, the team took third in the W-League's Western Conference. After being selected 34th overall by the Boston Breakers in the 2010 WPS Draft, Reynolds was later traded to the Philadelphia Independence for the 2010 WPS season. She made two appearances for the club. Reynolds signed with the Atlanta Beat for the 2011 WPS season. She made 18 starts in 18 matches playing a total of 1,602 minutes. After the WPS suspended operations in early 2012, Reynolds signed with the Western New York Flash in the Women's Premier Soccer League Elite and helped the squad win the league title after scoring during the penalty shootout of the championship match. Reynolds played for German side SC Freiburg for the 2012–2013 season. She made 16 starts in 16 matches, playing for a total of 1,440 minutes. In 2013, Reynolds returned to the Western New York Flash for the inaugural season of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). Upon her signing, Flash coach Aaran Lines said, \"I'm very excited to have Reynolds back with us for her second stint at the club after gaining valuable experience with SC Freiburg in the German Bundesliga. She was instrumental in our success last season and I expect her to play a big role for us at outside back again!\" In September 2014, Reynolds joined the Newcastle Jets together with fellow Americans Angela Salem and Tori Huster. Following the 2014 NWSL season, the Flash traded Reynolds and Angela Salem to the Washington Spirit for Jordan Angeli and a first-round pick—sixth overall—in the 2015 NWSL College Draft. That pick later became Lynn Williams. In the Spirit's 2015 season, Reynolds played for 1,611 minutes in 18 games (all starts). Before the 2016 NWSL season, the Spirit traded Reynolds to the Portland Thorns in exchange for defender Alyssa Kleiner. Reynolds thus stayed with head coach Mark Parsons, who moved from the Spirit to the Thorns in the same off-season. Reynolds missed the first 14 games of the 2017 season due to a groin injury. In the 2017 Playoffs she played all 90 minutes in the Semi-Final and Championship game, helping the Thorns win the 2017 NWSL Championship. On May 30, 2018 Reynolds played in her 100th NWSL game, where scored her first career goal in a 4-1 loss to the North Carolina Courage. On July 21 in a game against Sky Blue FC she suffered a torn right MCL, which would require surgery and end her 2018 season. Reynolds represented the United States as a member of the United States U-23 women's national soccer team. Katherine Reynolds Katherine Reynolds (born September 14, 1987) is an American professional soccer player."
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"retrieved": [
"Oscar Wendt Oscar Wendt (born 24 October 1985) is a Swedish footballer who currently plays as a left back for Borussia Mönchengladbach. After playing for IFK Skövde, he joined IFK Göteborg in 2003. He became an important first team player, earning 14 appearances on the Swedish U21 team and a call-up for the Swedish national team. In his time at the club he played 91 matches, before moving to the Danish champions F.C. Copenhagen on a four-year contract for 6 million DKK. After his departure to F.C. Copenhagen, a huge gap arose in the defence, later filled by Argentine defender José Shaffer coming from Racing Club. In his first two years at Copenhagen, he struggled to become a first team regular, first being a back-up for former Norwegian international André Bergdølmo and later Danish international Niclas Jensen. However, in 2008, he managed to become a first choice on the left back position for his team, earning him a call-up to the Swedish national team, his first in over 18 months. His strong performances also had him linked with both English club West Ham United and Italian club Genoa. With an injured André Bergdølmo in F.C. Copenhagen's 2006–07 UEFA Champions League campaign, Wendt played regularly as a left back, and in the team's 3–1 win against Celtic, he alongside fellow Copenhagen defender Michael Gravgaard was chosen for the Eurosport \"Team of the Round\". Oscar Wendt moved to Borussia Mönchengladbach on a free transfer after signing a three-year contract on 10 June 2011. Oscar Wendt Oscar Wendt (born 24 October 1985) is a Swedish footballer who currently plays as a left back for Borussia Mönchengladbach. After playing for IFK Skövde, he joined IFK Göteborg in 2003. He became an important first team player, earning 14 appearances on the Swedish U21 team and"
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"Kolby Koloff Kolby Alexandra Koloff (born May 14, 1996) is an American Christian musician, who primarily plays a Christian pop style of worship music. Her first extended play, \"Grow\", was released by Maxx Recordings in 2015 where its single, \"Grow\", was her entrant \"Billboard\" magazine song. Koloff was born Kolby Alexandra Koloff, on May 14, 1996, in Kannapolis, North Carolina, the youngest daughter of Nikita Koloff and his second wife Victoria. She used to be an actress on Preachers' Daughters, before starting her singing and songwriting career. Koloff's music recording career commenced in 2015, with her first extended play, \"Grow\", that was released on October 2, 2015, by Maxx Recordings. The single, \"Grow\", was her debut entrant on the \"Billboard\" magazine Christian Airplay chart, where it peaked at No. 34. Kolby presented at the 5th Annual We Love Christian Music Awards which was broadcast on JUCE TV. Kolby Koloff Kolby Alexandra Koloff (born May 14, 1996) is an American Christian musician, who primarily plays a Christian pop style of worship music. Her first extended play, \"Grow\", was released by Maxx Recordings in 2015 where its single, \"Grow\", was her entrant \"Billboard\" magazine song. Koloff was born Kolby Alexandra Koloff, on"
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"Peterhouse Group of Schools The Peterhouse Group of Schools (or simply, the Peterhouse Group) is a group of Anglican boarding schools with 1,045 pupils on estates of just outside the city of Marondera, Zimbabwe, and comprises Peterhouse Boys' School, Peterhouse Girls' School, Springvale House the Preparatory School, Peterhaven at Nyanga and the Gosho Park and Calderwood Park conservation education projects and wildlife sanctuaries. The boys' school is the oldest member of the group. It was founded in 1955 by Rector Fred Snell, who had previously been headmaster at Michaelhouse in South Africa. The school has an enrollment of approximately 500 boys, all of whom are boarders. The boys are organised into six houses named after people who were significant in the history of the school or the Anglican Church in Zimbabwe. They are, in order of founding: Each boy is allocated a house upon enrollment, and he remains a member of that house until he leaves. In addition to the houses being buildings in which the boys reside, they are also the teams through which the boys compete on the sporting academic and cultural front. In the late 1980s an additional house, Tinokura was created to house D Block boys (aged 13 and 14) in their first year at Peterhouse. Tinokura is organised so that each boy shares a dormitory with other D Blockers from his house for the year; its purpose is to allow the new boy to adjust to the Peterhouse 'system' before exposure to the strict regimental functioning of the main houses. The girls' school was founded in 1987, two years after the opening of Springvale House under the headship of Michael Hammond with 28 pupils. Peterhouse Girls' has an enrollment of 430 boarding pupils. Unlike Peterhouse Boys', the girls' school has two separate house systems (that is, boarding and competitive houses). The girls' school has a horizontal boarding structure. The boarding houses at Peterhouse Girls' School are: The competitive houses compete in areas such as academics, cultural and sporting activities. House points are awarded for these competitions. The houses are named after some of the first animals at Gosho Park, the names are: Initially founded as \"Springvale School\" in 1952 by Robert Grinham and Maurice Carver (then a boys' school), the school reopened in 1985 under the oversight of the Peterhouse Group with the name \"Springvale House\". The school is a co-educational day and boarding institution, unlike the senior schools in the Group which are single-sex, full-boarding institutions. Gosho Park is a conservation area of approximately of land on the Springvale Estate (it is adjacent to Peterhouse Girls' School and Springvale House), enclosed by a game fence. It named after Patrick Gosho, a former Estate Manager at Springvale House. The park is an area of Brachystegia woodland with two streams, their associated grasslands and rocky outcrops (some with Bushmen paintings). 237 species of birds have been recorded by the Mashonaland East Birding Group with a variety of Brachystegia species such as the spotted creeper, miombo and rufous-bellied tits. There are 72 species of trees in the area as recorded by the Tree Society. Gosho Park is used regularly by the three schools and neighbouring schools for educational and recreational purposes. Conservation camps are organised for primary school pupils; and geography field trips, research projects in biology and leadership courses take place in the park. The Petrean Society is the alumni/alumnae association of individuals involved in the Peterhouse Boys' and Peterhouse Girls' schools. A Petrean is any pupil who has been a member of the school, normally for a minimum period of two years; any person who has been a member of the staff of the school for at least three years; or any person who has been a member of the Executive Committee of the school for at least three years. Peterhouse Group of Schools The Peterhouse Group of Schools (or simply, the Peterhouse Group) is a group of Anglican boarding schools with 1,045 pupils on estates of just outside the city of Marondera, Zimbabwe, and comprises Peterhouse Boys' School, Peterhouse Girls' School, Springvale House the Preparatory School, Peterhaven at Nyanga and the Gosho Park and Calderwood Park conservation education projects and wildlife sanctuaries. The boys'"
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"retrieved": [
"Darning Darning is a sewing technique for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or knitting using needle and thread alone. It is often done by hand, but it is also possible to darn with a sewing machine. Hand darning employs the darning stitch, a simple running stitch in which the thread is \"woven\" in rows along the grain of the fabric, with the stitcher reversing direction at the end of each row, and then filling in the framework thus created, as if weaving. Darning is a traditional method for repairing fabric damage or holes that do not run along a seam, and where patching is impractical or would create discomfort for the wearer, such as on the heel of a sock. Darning also refers to any of several needlework techniques that are worked using darning stitches: In its simplest form, darning consists of anchoring the thread in the fabric on the edge of the hole and carrying it across the gap. It is then anchored on the other side, usually with a running stitch or two. If enough threads are criss-crossed over the hole, the hole will eventually be covered with a mass of thread. Fine darning, sometimes known as \"Belgian darning\", attempts to make the repair as invisible and neat as possible. Often the hole is cut into a square or darn blends into the fabric. There are many varieties of fine darning. Simple over-and-under weaving of threads can be replaced by various fancy weaves, such as twills, chevrons, etc., achieved by skipping threads in regular patterns. Invisible darning is the epitome of this attempt at restoring the fabric to its original integrity. Threads from the original weaving are unraveled from a hem or seam and used to effect the repair. Invisible darning is appropriate for extremely expensive fabrics and items of apparel. In machine darning, lines of machine running stitch are run back and forth across the hole, then the fabric is rotated and more lines run at right angles. This is a fast way to darn, but it cannot match the effects of fine darning. There are special tools for darning socks or stockings: Pattern darning is a simple and ancient embroidery technique in which contrasting thread is woven in-and-out of the ground fabric using rows of running stitches which reverse direction at the end of each row. The length of the stitches may be varied to produce geometric designs. Traditional embroidery using pattern darning is found in Africa, Japan, Northern and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Mexico and Peru. Pattern darning is also used as a \"filling stitch\" in blackwork embroidery. Rafoogari is the name for art of darning in India and neighbouring countries of the subcontinent where this art of healing the cloth is used for emotional and historical reasons too. Though is a social shame associated with wearing restored clothes but this art has been used by highly skilled \"\"rafoogars\"\" to restore some priceless clothes such as Pashmina shawl, silks, woolen clothes and even fine cotton, etc. Kashmiris are considered the best rafoogars, who have imparted their knowledge to the artists all over India. Rafoogars still exist across India. \"Foundation of Indian Contemporary Art\" has been trying to preserve this art and some artists in India still practice it as hereditary art for over 16 generations. In the Beatles' 1966 song \"Eleanor Rigby\", McCartney sings about the priest Father McKenzie: \"Look at him working, darning his socks/ In the night when there's nobody there.\" In the classic episode of “I Love Lucy” titled “Lucy Does A TV Commercial” Lucy Ricardo is seen darning a sock for Ricky in the episode’s opening scene. Darning Darning is a sewing technique for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or knitting using needle and thread alone. It is often done by hand, but it is also possible to darn with a sewing machine. Hand darning employs the darning stitch, a simple running stitch in which the thread is \"woven\" in rows along the grain of the fabric, with the stitcher reversing direction at the end of each row, and then filling in the framework thus created, as if weaving. Darning is a traditional method for repairing"
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"retrieved": [
"All-Star Blitz All-Star Blitz is an American game show that aired on ABC from April 8 to December 20, 1985, with reruns airing on the USA Network from March 31 to December 26, 1986. Peter Marshall was the host and John Harlan was the announcer for the series, which was produced by Merrill Heatter Productions, in association with Peter Marshall Enterprises. Two contestants, one usually a returning champion, competed to uncover and solve hidden word puzzles with the help of a four-celebrity panel. The puzzles, which varied in length from two to six words, were concealed behind a grid of six monitors above the panel, and a star was positioned at the corner of each monitor. There were 12 stars in all, arranged in four columns of three with one column above each celebrity's seat. Each monitor contained all or part of only one word, and the last word on the top row did not continue onto the bottom one. The object for the contestants was to light the stars around the monitors. To begin play, the home audience was shown how many words were in the puzzle and a certain number of stars (originally two, later four) were lit at random. The contestant in control, usually the challenger, chose a celebrity and a position (top, middle, bottom). The star in that position was lit, and Marshall then asked a question to the chosen celebrity. The contestant either had to correctly agree or disagree with the given answer, in much the same manner as \"Hollywood Squares\" and \"Battlestars\". Choosing correctly allowed the contestant to keep control and pick again, but making a wrong decision passed control to the opposing player who could choose another star. Once all four stars around a monitor were lit, its part of the puzzle was uncovered and the contestant in control had the option to guess the puzzle or continue playing. An incorrect guess forfeited control to the opponent. Each part of the puzzle could only be uncovered with a correct agree/disagree choice, meaning that a celebrity could potentially have to answer multiple questions as control passed back and forth. Play continued on a puzzle until one player solved it or all six monitors were uncovered, with the player who uncovered the last monitor winning the game by default. The first contestant to solve two puzzles won the match and a prize package, and went on to play the Blitz Bonanza. Rather than featuring models, celebrity guests often modeled and demonstrated prizes while being described by the announcer, which would be preceded by a message on the game board monitors describing the prize(s). Each episode of \"All-Star Blitz\" was played to a time limit. If time was called during a puzzle, the contestant in control was given the option of whether or not to guess the puzzle. Choosing not to guess ended the game, and the solution to the puzzle was revealed. Guessing incorrectly gave the option to the opponent. Regardless of the decision and its outcome, play resumed on the next episode with either a new puzzle or the Blitz Bonanza as dictated by the rules. In the Blitz Bonanza round, the champion was given one final puzzle to solve and was told how many words it contained (later, only the panel and the home audience were shown this information). In order to reveal the puzzle pieces, the champion had four chances to spin a large wheel which controlled the light borders on the game board's six spaces. As the wheel spun, the light would move from one space to the next. Once it stopped, the lit space would be revealed if it was still covered. However, if the light stopped on a space that had already been revealed, that spin was wasted. If fewer than four spaces were uncovered after the last spin, the champion was given the option to leave the board as it was or give up the prize package he/she had won in the main game in exchange for one more spin. He/she then had 10 seconds to think while the celebrities secretly wrote down their guesses. A correct guess by the champion won a cash jackpot that started at $10,000. Originally, this jackpot increased by $5,000 for each attempt it went unclaimed, to a maximum of $25,000. Later, it increased by $2,500 for each unsuccessful attempt and was capped at $20,000. If the champion was incorrect, he/she won $250 for each celebrity who guessed the puzzle correctly. Any champion who played the Blitz Bonanza four times retired undefeated. \"All-Star Blitz\" originally aired on ABC at 11:00 AM EST, replacing \"Trivia Trap\" and followed by the long-running \"Family Feud\". However, the series found itself facing strong competition from the first half of the powerhouse \"The Price is Right\" on CBS and \"Wheel of Fortune\" on NBC. In June 1985, two months after \"All-Star Blitz\" premiered, \"Family Feud\" was cancelled, and \"All-Star Blitz\" moved up a half-hour to the 11:30 AM EST slot formerly occupied by \"Feud\". However, now competing against the second half of \"Price\", as well as \"Scrabble\" on NBC, ratings did not improve and \"All-Star Blitz\" ended its run on December 20, 1985. All-Star Blitz All-Star Blitz is an American game show that aired on ABC from April 8 to December 20, 1985, with reruns airing on the USA Network from March 31 to December 26, 1986. Peter"
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"retrieved": [
"Coracora Coracora (in Hispanicized spelling) or Qura Qura (Quechua \"qura\" herbaceous plant, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, \"a complex of herbaceous plants\") is a town in central Peru, and it is the capital of the Parinacochas Province in the Ayacucho Region. It is located 800 km from the city of Lima, at an altitude between 3,150 and 3,350 meters above sea level, known as the Quechua ecological region. Dry and sometimes cold, in the day it resembles a mild summer day, but in the night it resembles a freezing cold winter. The days are usually something mild between +12 and +18 °C and at nights between -5 and 5 °C. The winter season is manifested between June and September with frequent frosts, and the temperate and very rainy summer between December and March. Founded by the Spanish conquerors toward the 17th century, probably on an Amerindian Andean settlement, soon a population of important European origin, will developed in what was the road between Lima and Cuzco. It proves of they are it old such colonial constructions as the beautiful local church of Baroque and Renaissance style, built in white ashlars. Nevertheless, it was in the 19th century and it leaves of the 20th one that Coracora became one of the flourishing cities of the Peruvian south mountain, thanks to the export cattle raising that could gather an important number of local managers and European immigrants. Toward the decade of 1940, Coracora reached a not very common cultural and economic peak for a small city mountain Peruvian, this prosperity began to vary in the decade of 1980 in direct relationship with the social violence of those years in the whole country. At the moment it has recovered their character of center cattleman, commercial and tourist with important improvements in access roads, infrastructure and services. In the beginning of August, Coracora celebrates the devotion of La Virgen de Las Nieves, or known as \"Virgen of the Snow\". The days that they celebrate are August 1–12. August 1: People make preparations for the festivities. They make food for the whole family. August 2: People walk to Pumahuiri (the mountain that the Virgen of the Snow was found). Los Negritos (kids that dance and sing for the Virgen of the Snow) People sing and dance as they walk to Pumahuiri, and the songs are also prayers. August 3: Is the Entrada de Negritos(Entrance of the Blackies). The kids, as they were mentioned before, walk into town and keep singing and dancing as people follow them just as they did on their way to Pumahuiri. August 4: On this day it is the Entrada de Chamiza, Entrance of Retama. It smells really good, they are brought on donkeys' and llamas' backs. At night people burn this dry plant. People dance around it with the rhythm of the band that plays all night. On that same night they have Los Castillos, or fireworks on wood, in the Main Plaza, Plaza de Armas. Also they have serenades with people dancing and singing. August 5: Is the main day of the festivitie day. On this day the whole town walks around the main plaza where the church is located. August 6–8: On this day, the city is going to the bullring. Each family has its own place and pay for it. Every square foot is $200.00. 12 bulls each day not being uploaded, rebellious, and bulls calm. People buy the bulls in honor of Our Lady of the Snows and the ofresen estimate the person (compadres). It is something like a donation. If the bull does not die the person who bought it and the person receiving it enters the bullring called pucachucos. they are pure red dresses people who enter leading a team of bulls. to remove the dead bull in place, leaving the rruedo. Sivén happen to be the home of the bull who resivio. and exquisite taste of a steak. Each year, a person must sign up to be in charge of the town festival on August 5. Spaniards had a specific job to bring the statue of the Virgen. Their destination was to Cuzco, but along the way they had stopped in Pumahuiri. Their route was really from lima to cuzco, but Pumahuiri was a long and very tiring mountain, so they stopped and rested. But one man of the many had a dream of the Virgen of the Snow telling him about a town, she had wanted to stay in that town, not Cuzco. That town was Coracora. When the man awakened, he told his fellow mates about his dream. They believed on what he had dreamed so they climbed down the mountain and took the Virgen to Coracora. Since the men that carried the Virgen Mary down the mountain with hope and honor, the small Negritos are supposed to represent the slaves black men that carried the Virgen Mary. Coracora Coracora (in Hispanicized spelling) or Qura Qura (Quechua \"qura\" herbaceous plant, the reduplication indicates that there is a group or a complex of something, \"a complex of herbaceous plants\") is a town in central Peru, and it is the capital of the Parinacochas Province in the Ayacucho Region. It is located 800 km from the city of Lima, at an altitude between 3,150 and 3,350 meters above sea level, known as the Quechua ecological"
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"Actor Rebellion of 1733 The Actor Rebellion of 1733 was an event that took place at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London, England when the actors who worked there, disapproving of the changes in the management, attempted to seize control. Before the rebellion, the theatre was controlled by the managers Theophilus Cibber, John Ellys, and John Highmore. When Theophilus lost his share and was denied a bid to run the theatre, he, along with other actors, attempted to take over the theatre by controlling the lease. When the shareholders found out, they refused to admit the actors to the building and the theatre was closed for several months. The fight spilled over to the contemporary newspapers, which generally sided with the managers. The Theatre Royal reopened on 24 September 1733 with a new company of actors, though they were less experienced and talented than the old crew. The majority of old actors moved to the Little Theatre, Haymarket, though a few remained loyal. Henry Fielding sided with the managers and produced several plays to aid the Theatre Royal, though this caused a backlash when the rebelling actors finally won the dispute. By the end of 1733, the rebellious actors managed to seize legal control of the theatre's property and Highmore, the sole manager of the Theatre Royal at the time, lost all legal abilities to stop them. By February 1734, he sold his shares to Charles Fleetwood who then made an agreement with the actors that secured their return. The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane was run by the holders of one of the two official licenses, or letters patent, established by Charles II in 1660. It was operated by Christopher Rich from 1693 until 1714. He was replaced after his death by three actors, Colley Cibber, Thomas Doggett, and Robert Wilks. After Doggett died, Barton Booth took over his share. In 1730, a notice in the \"Daily Journal\" stated that a patent would be issued to Booth, Cibber, and Wilks authorising the official government license to run the Theatre Royal. After bureaucratic delays, the official patent was given to the three managers only in 1732 that was to last for 21 years. On 13 July 1732, Booth, in poor health, decided to sell half of his share to Highmore, a fellow actor and a socialite. On 27 September, Wilks died and his share was inherited by his widow, who then authorised Ellys, a painter, to serve in her place. In reaction to the changing partners, Colley Cibber rented his share to his son Theophilus, an actor. The new management group had two members, Highmore and Ellys, who were incompetent and Theophilus Cibber was known to be both arrogant and volatile. By the end of 1732, there were problems with the management of the theatre, which resulted in the failure of Charles Johnson's \"Caelia: or, The Perjured Lover\" on 4 December. The 8 March 1733 \"Grub-Street Journal\" seized on the event and used the failure to criticise the theatre's management: \"how insufficient the present managers of Drury-lane playhouse are to discharge their trust, as directors of our public entertainments.\" The newspaper was not the only group concerned and many plays were soon cancelled. Matters were complicated by mass illnesses spreading across London; the epidemic, probably flu, reduced the number of actors able to work and many plays were cancelled. Even Henry Fielding's play \"The Miser\", which was to open early January, was postponed because of the poor health of its cast members, including Theophilus. \"The Miser\" was eventually staged in mid February and was successful, but another of his plays, \"Deborah: or, a Wife for You All\", lasted only one night on 6 April 1733. Regardless of the problems plaguing the season, it was positive for Fielding while it lasted, with six of his plays being produced on stage along with Thomas Arne's \"The Opera of Operas\", Fielding's \"Tom Thumb\" set to music. Highmore and Ellys, both gentlemen and not actors, insisted on actively participating in every day-to-day decisions regarding scheduling, choice of plays, expenses, actors' behaviour. Their management style clashed with Theophilus, when he recovered and returned in February. They denied his play \"The Harlot's Progress\" instead putting a play by Ellys. The fighting between the managers coincided with poor attendance from both the epidemic in London and other theatres attracting audiences with popular operatic performances. Theophilus's play \"The Mock-Officer\" failed, which caused Highmore and Ellys to turn further against him. However, his 31 March 1733 \"The Harlot's Progress\", based on William Hogarth's painting of the same name, proved to be very successful and embarrassed the two other managers. While Theophilus Cibber was disputing with Highmore and Ellys, Aaron Hill became interested in partnering at the Theatre Royal. Hill was earlier a partner at the theatre until he was removed during a previous actor riot that took place in June 1710. On 22 March 1733, Hill, in a letter to Benjamin Victor, a dramatist who had arranged the sale of Booth's shares to Highmore, criticised the fact that he was kept from buying into the theatre's management and attacked Theophilus. He offered 900 pounds for three years for Booth's shares and 1800 pounds for Mary Wilks's shares. Negotiations continued until May when they were dropped. Hester Booth, widow of Barton Booth, sold her remaining shares to Henry Giffard, the manager of Goodman's Fields Theatre, just few days after her husband died on 10 May. By this time, many of the partners, including Wilks, Ellys, and Colley Cibber, no longer wanted to be a part of the theatre and sought to sell their shares. When Colley sought to rent out his share to his son for 300 pounds a year, Highmore approached Colley in order to buy. News of Colley's selling of the shares to Highmore first appeared in the \"Daily Post\" of 27 March 1733. The sale price was around 3000 guineas and 3500 pounds. Theophilus was upset that his father sold the share to Highmore instead of continuing to rent it out to himself. The share, as Theophilus believed, was his \"Birthright\". Theophilus first tried to work with Highmore and asked to run the operations of the theatre. However, he was turned down, which provoked him to stir the actors into a rebellion. Many of the actors were upset about the management changes and theatre's operations. Highmore did not have experience in theatre, refused to listen to actors' ideas, and cut their salaries in half. Theophilus was known as a successful manager and a good actor. The rebellious actors' plan was to take over the lease and then deny the use of the building to the shareholders, who did not own the complex that they set their stage in. The actors would then use their control over the building to negotiate renting of the patent so they could control how the theatre was run. When the actors tried to rent the building, the remaining shareholders found out about it. They responded by refusing admittance to the actors. The building was shut down and no plays were performed. According to the \"Daily Post\" of 29 May 1733: The actors petitioned Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, the Lord Chamberlain, and requested that he settle the dispute, but he refused to involve himself in the matter. By early June, the actors had control of the theatre through the lease, but the management refused to leave. The actors tried to file for the management to be legally removed from the property, but the court system was slow to respond. The management continued to cause problems for various actors, including Benjamin Griffin. Griffin was fired from the theatre on 4 June 1733. He responded in the \"Daily Post\" on 11 June 1733 with a history of the events since he first started in 1721 until his removal. He accused the management of bad treatment and wrote: I could give the Publick a great many Instances of the \"Gentlemen's\" Mismanagement and of Injuries done to the Company this Season in their Direction. But when I affirm that",
"the dispute, but he refused to involve himself in the matter. By early June, the actors had control of the theatre through the lease, but the management refused to leave. The actors tried to file for the management to be legally removed from the property, but the court system was slow to respond. The management continued to cause problems for various actors, including Benjamin Griffin. Griffin was fired from the theatre on 4 June 1733. He responded in the \"Daily Post\" on 11 June 1733 with a history of the events since he first started in 1721 until his removal. He accused the management of bad treatment and wrote: I could give the Publick a great many Instances of the \"Gentlemen's\" Mismanagement and of Injuries done to the Company this Season in their Direction. But when I affirm that they have no Experience, no Knowledge, no Capacity, \"For Gathering together, Forming, Entertaining, Governing, Privileging, and Keeping a Company of Comedians\" ... more than the being able to purchase the \"Patent\" [...] it is a Truth that if any one does not now believe, I am positive that they will in a very little Time be thoroughly convinced of. Many of the local newspapers were quick to respond to the rebellion. An article in \"The Craftsman\" dated 2 June 1733 described the actors as \"malecontent Players\" who were busy in mutiny. On 7 June, the \"Grub-Street Journal\" stated, in an article by Musaeus, that Theophilus was selfish. Another article in the \"Grub-Street Journal\", by Philo Dramaticus, attacked the management for not understanding how theatres are supposed to work. The managers were the first to state their defence and argued that everything they did was correct and that the actors had no reason to complain, especially over the treatment that they received. The actors responded later in June with \"A Letter from Theophilus Cibber, , To John Highmore, Esq\". Within the response, Theophilus Cibber emphasised the inability of the management to effectively run the theatre, claimed that they were acting like tyrants, and alleged that they unjustly refused the offer by the actors to rent out the patent. This did not calm the dispute; instead, the \"Grub-Street Journal\" of 14 June 1733 printed parts of John Vanbrugh's \"Aesop\", a play that criticised the actor rebellion that took place in 1695. On 26 June, the \"Grub-Street Journal\" in an article by Musaeus claimed that many of the problems that the actors complained about were caused by previous managers, who were also actors, and not by the current management that was composed of outsiders. Additionally, Musaeus claimed that actors in general were unfit to run the theatre. A pamphlet titled \"An Impartial State of the Present Dispute Between the Patent and Players\" was published during the late summer that attacked the actors. It claimed that \"all Men of Sense and Integrity seem to be entirely convinced that the \"Patentees\" of the \"Theatre-Royal\" in \"Drury-Lane\", have had great Injustice done them by the late Attempt of Part of their own Company to defraud them of their Property\". The actors responded in an article published in the \"Daily Journal\" of 26 September. Also during the summer, Edward Phillips produced \"The Stage-Mutineers\", a play that started on 27 July and ran for twelve nights. The play made fun of actors, writers, and the management as a whole. Even though it was attacked in the \"Grub-Street Journal\" of 9 August, theatre historian Robert Hume described the play as \"harmless stuff\". Regardless, Fielding was personally mocked as Crambo, one of the characters within the play, and was offended by the portrayal. The Theatre Royal reopened on 24 September 1733 with a new company of actors. The majority of the rebellious actors joined the Little Theatre in Haymarket and started producing plays on 26 September. Although the Theatre Royal had replacement actors of a lesser talent and a few loyal experienced members, Henry Fielding joined the management's side of the dispute. Of the 15 loyal actors that stayed with the Theatre Royal, only a few, including Kitty Clive, Christiana Horton, William Mullart, and Charles Stoppelaer, were of note. Reportedly, Highmore was losing 50–60 pounds a week. Victor, in his account of the time, wrote: In this maimed Condition the Business of Course went lamely on; for a very middling Company of Players could be expected to bring but thin losing Audiences, especially while Party prevailed, and those very Plays were acted much better in the \"Haymarket\". The unavoidable and melancholy Consequence of this Proceeding was, that there was a Ballance every \"Saturday\" Morning in the Office against the Manager, of Fifty or Sixty Pounds; and his Pride, as well as his Honour, were too nearly concerned not to prudence the Deficiency every Week with the utmost Exactness. In such conditions, Giffard sold his shares and turned over full control of the theatre to Highmore. Hill was brought in to work with the actors at Drury Lane by Autumn 1733, but the theatre was still declining by the end of the year. In order to aid the theatre, Fielding revised his \"The Author's Farce\" and \"The Intriguing Chambermaid\". Fielding's \"The Miser\" was also put on 27 October 1733 with the King, the Queen, and many noble families in attendance. After this, Fielding produced \"The Universal Gallant: or, The Different Husbands\", which didn't run until February 1735. 20th-century theatre scholar Charles Woods believed that Fielding joined with the management of the Theatre Royal because they were \"people whose legitimate investments were being jeopardized\". Fielding later attacked Theophilus in a revised version of his \"The Author's Farce\" which ran on 15 January 1734. This caused a backlash upon him after the rebelling actors finally won in the dispute, and it was harder for him to stage plays. Theophilus, through his father, applied to the Lord Chamberlain during the summer asking to have a new license issued, but he was refused. Following this, he applied to Charles Lee, the Master of the Revels, and received a license to perform theatrical shows in return for payment even though the license had no legal authority. This brought about criticism against Lee in the \"Daily Post\" dated 29 September 1733 over issuing the licence and called it just a ploy by the actors. On 30 October, the management of the Theatre Royal sent a letter to veteran actor John Mills and other rebels threatening further legal action regarding their unlicensed theatre. After Theophilus responded with a claim that he was acting within the law, the management and John Rich, manager of the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, demanded the courts to shut down the unlicensed theatres. A 5 November hearing set a date for a trial, but the case fell apart before it was ever heard over the technical wording of a law that conflicted with the original request by the licensed theatre managers. A trial, in which the rebellious actors sued the management at the King's Bench over the management's occupation of the building that the actors controlled the lease, was held on 12 November. The judgment under Chief Justice Philip Yorke was in favour of the actors, and they were to be granted control of the theatre building in March 1734. Highmore, in response, asked for a charge against John Harper, one of the rebellious actors, for being a vagrant, and Harper was sent to Bridewell Palace prison. This provoked a negative reaction by the public, and the action was attacked in the \"Daily Post\" of 16 November. Eventually, a writ of \"habeas corpus\" was issued on 20 November and he was released without a case tried against him. Having no other recourse, Highmore began to negotiate the sale of the theatre license. Charles Fleetwood purchased both Highmore and Wilks's portions of the license on 24 January 1734. On 2 February, the \"Daily Courant\" announced that Fleetwood asked for the rebellious actors to return. An agreement was reached for higher wages and promotion of Theophilus",
"control of the theatre building in March 1734. Highmore, in response, asked for a charge against John Harper, one of the rebellious actors, for being a vagrant, and Harper was sent to Bridewell Palace prison. This provoked a negative reaction by the public, and the action was attacked in the \"Daily Post\" of 16 November. Eventually, a writ of \"habeas corpus\" was issued on 20 November and he was released without a case tried against him. Having no other recourse, Highmore began to negotiate the sale of the theatre license. Charles Fleetwood purchased both Highmore and Wilks's portions of the license on 24 January 1734. On 2 February, the \"Daily Courant\" announced that Fleetwood asked for the rebellious actors to return. An agreement was reached for higher wages and promotion of Theophilus to a deputy manager of the theatre. The actors took control of the Theatre Royal on 8 March 1734, marking the end of the rebellion. Actor Rebellion of 1733 The Actor Rebellion of 1733 was an event that took place at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London, England when the actors who worked there, disapproving of the changes in the management, attempted to seize control."
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"Sarah Colonna Sarah Noel Colonna (born December 29, 1974) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, and comedy writer. She appeared as a roundtable regular on the hit E! cable TV network comedy/talk show \"Chelsea Lately\". Colonna was born in Wiesbaden, West Germany. She grew up in Farmington, Arkansas with her mother, who is a secretary in a funeral home. Her father was a newspaper sports editor in Los Angeles, California. Her great-great uncle was Jerry Colonna. She attended the University of Arkansas and later moved to Los Angeles in pursuit of a career in acting and stand-up comedy. Sarah also worked as a bartender before becoming an entertainer. Colonna's first televised stand up appearance was on Comedy Central's \"Premium Blend,\" hosted by Harland Williams. In 2006, she was one of 5 finalists in TBS and Myspace's \"Stand up or Sit Down Comedy Challenge,\" which aired on TBS and was taped at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Colonna also appeared on BBC's \"The World Stands Up,\" which tapes in London and features popular comedians from around the world. In 2008, Colonna filmed a pilot for TBS titled \"Comedy Road Show\" which taped on location in Macon, Georgia. That same year, she also began appearing regularly on the hit E! show \"Chelsea Lately\" as a roundtable guest, and in 2009 was hired full-time as a writer for the show. Handler's production company, Borderline Amazing Productions, produced the \"Comedians of Chelsea Lately\", which featured some of the popular comics from her show, on which Colonna was featured. The special was taped at the Nokia Club in Los Angeles, shown on E!, and sparked a tour of the comics across the country which began in the fall of 2009. Colonna also has appeared on various television shows, including \"Battle Creek\"\", The United States of Tara\", \"Monk,\" \"Strong Medicine\", \"Invasion\", and \"Days of Our Lives\". She was also a regular on the hit hidden camera SciFi show \"Scare Tactics\", which was originally hosted by actress Shannon Doherty, and later hosted by comedian/actor Tracy Morgan of \"Saturday Night Live\" fame. She also co-starred in Michael Rosenbaum's film \"Back in the Day\" and Diablo Cody's \"Paradise\"\". \" Colonna has been headlining nationally as a comedian and has also performed with Chelsea Handler at venues such as Radio City Music Hall and The Colosseum at Caesars Palace. She starred as part of the ensemble cast of E!’s network television series \"After Lately\" and also served as a producer on the show. Her first book, \"Life As I Blow It\", was released on February 7, 2012 and debuted at number 5 on the \"New York Times\" Bestseller List. Her second book, \"Has Anyone Seen My Pants?\" was released on March 31, 2015 by Gallery Books, an imprint of Simon & Schuster. Colonna continues to headline nationally throughout the country and also has a weekly podcast with fellow \"Chelsea Lately\" comedian Josh Wolf called Off The Rails, which is available on iTunes. Colonna appeared as a guest spy on \"Bar Rescue\" when she did recon for Second Base, formerly Extreme's, in addition to appearing alongside Jon Ryan as one of the recon spies for Black Light District Rock & Roll Lounge. In 2017, it was announced that Colonna was cast as Angie Bladell in \"Insatiable\", which premiered August 10, 2018 on Netflix. Colonna became engaged to Seattle Seahawks punter Jon Ryan in 2014. They married July 9, 2016, in Los Cabos, Mexico. Comedian Ross Mathews, who introduced the couple to each other, officiated at the ceremony. Sarah Colonna Sarah Noel Colonna (born December 29, 1974) is an American stand-up comedian,"
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"retrieved": [
"Electronic engineering Electronic engineering (also called electronics and communications engineering) is an electrical engineering discipline which utilizes nonlinear and active electrical components (such as semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and integrated circuits) to design electronic circuits, devices, VLSI devices and their systems. The discipline typically also designs passive electrical components, usually based on printed circuit boards. Electronics is a subfield within the wider electrical engineering academic subject but denotes a broad engineering field that covers subfields such as analog electronics, digital electronics, consumer electronics, embedded systems and power electronics. Electronics engineering deals with implementation of applications, principles and algorithms developed within many related fields, for example solid-state physics, radio engineering, telecommunications, control systems, signal processing, systems engineering, computer engineering, instrumentation engineering, electric power control, robotics, and many others. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is one of the most important and influential organizations for electronics engineers. Electronics is a subfield within the wider electrical engineering academic subject. An academic degree with a major in electronics engineering can be acquired from some universities, while other universities use electrical engineering as the subject. The term electrical engineer is still used in the academic world to include electronic engineers. However, some people consider the term 'electrical engineer' should be reserved for those having specialized in power and heavy current or high voltage engineering, while others consider that power is just one subset of electrical engineering, as well as 'electrical distribution engineering'. The term 'power engineering' is used as a descriptor in that industry. Again, in recent years there has been a growth of new separate-entry degree courses such as 'systems engineering' and 'communication systems engineering', often followed by academic departments of similar name, which are typically not considered as subfields of electronics engineering but of electrical engineering. Electronic engineering as a profession sprang from technological improvements in the telegraph industry in the late 19th century and the radio and the telephone industries in the early 20th century. People were attracted to radio by the technical fascination it inspired, first in receiving and then in transmitting. Many who went into broadcasting in the 1920s were only 'amateurs' in the period before World War I. To a large extent, the modern discipline of electronic engineering was born out of telephone, radio, and television equipment development and the large amount of electronic systems development during World War II of radar, sonar, communication systems, and advanced munitions and weapon systems. In the interwar years, the subject was known as radio engineering and it was only in the late 1950s that the term electronic engineering started to emerge. In the field of electronic engineering, engineers design and test circuits that use the electromagnetic properties of electrical components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality. The tuner circuit, which allows the user of a radio to filter out all but a single station, is just one example of such a circuit. In designing an integrated circuit, electronics engineers first construct circuit schematics that specify the electrical components and describe the interconnections between them. When completed, VLSI engineers convert the schematics into actual layouts, which map the layers of various conductor and semiconductor materials needed to construct the circuit. The conversion from schematics to layouts can be done by software (see electronic design automation) but very often requires human fine-tuning to decrease space and power consumption. Once the layout is complete, it can be sent to a fabrication plant for manufacturing. For systems of intermediate complexity, engineers may use VHDL modeling for programmable logic devices and FPGAs. Integrated circuits, FPGAs and other electrical components can then be assembled on printed circuit boards to form more complicated circuits. Today, printed circuit boards are found in most electronic devices including televisions, computers and audio players. Electronic engineering has many subfields. This section describes some of the most popular subfields in electronic engineering; although there are engineers who focus exclusively on one subfield, there are also many who focus on a combination of subfields. Signal processing deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals. Signals can be either analog, in which case the signal varies continuously according to the information, or digital, in which case the signal varies according to a series of discrete values representing the information. For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications. For digital signals, signal processing may involve the compression, error checking and error detection of digital signals. Telecommunications engineering deals with the transmission of information across a channel such as a co-axial cable, optical fiber or free space. Transmissions across free space require information to be encoded in a carrier wave in order to shift the information to a carrier frequency suitable for transmission, this is known as modulation. Popular analog modulation techniques include amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. The choice of modulation affects the cost and performance of a system and these two factors must be balanced carefully by the engineer. Once the transmission characteristics of a system are determined, telecommunication engineers design the transmitters and receivers needed for such systems. These two are sometimes combined to form a two-way communication device known as a transceiver. A key consideration in the design of transmitters is their power consumption as this is closely related to their signal strength. If the signal strength of a transmitter is insufficient the signal's information will be corrupted by noise. Electromagnetics is an in-depth study about the signals that are transmitted in a channel (Wired or Wireless). This includes Basics of Electromagnetic waves, Transmission Lines and Waveguides, Antennas, its types and applications with Radio-Frequency (RF) and Microwaves. Its applications are seen widely in other sub-fields like Telecommunication, Control and Instrumentation Engineering. Control engineering has a wide range of applications from the flight and propulsion systems of commercial airplanes to the cruise control present in many modern cars. It also plays an important role in industrial automation. Control engineers often utilize feedback when designing control systems. For example, in a car with cruise control, the vehicle's speed is continuously monitored and fed back to the system which adjusts the engine's power output accordingly. Where there is regular feedback, control theory can be used to determine how the system responds to such feedback. Instrumentation engineering deals with the design of devices to measure physical quantities such as pressure, flow and temperature. These devices are known as instrumentation. The design of such instrumentation requires a good understanding of physics that often extends beyond electromagnetic theory. For example, radar guns use the Doppler effect to measure the speed of oncoming vehicles. Similarly, thermocouples use the Peltier–Seebeck effect to measure the temperature difference between two points. Often instrumentation is not used by itself, but instead as the sensors of larger",
"monitored and fed back to the system which adjusts the engine's power output accordingly. Where there is regular feedback, control theory can be used to determine how the system responds to such feedback. Instrumentation engineering deals with the design of devices to measure physical quantities such as pressure, flow and temperature. These devices are known as instrumentation. The design of such instrumentation requires a good understanding of physics that often extends beyond electromagnetic theory. For example, radar guns use the Doppler effect to measure the speed of oncoming vehicles. Similarly, thermocouples use the Peltier–Seebeck effect to measure the temperature difference between two points. Often instrumentation is not used by itself, but instead as the sensors of larger electrical systems. For example, a thermocouple might be used to help ensure a furnace's temperature remains constant. For this reason, instrumentation engineering is often viewed as the counterpart of control engineering. Computer engineering deals with the design of computers and computer systems. This may involve the design of new computer hardware, the design of PDAs or the use of computers to control an industrial plant. Development of embedded systems—systems made for specific tasks (e.g., mobile phones)—is also included in this field. This field includes the micro controller and its applications. Computer engineers may also work on a system's software. However, the design of complex software systems is often the domain of software engineering, which is usually considered a separate discipline. VLSI design engineering VLSI stands for \"very large scale integration\". It deals with fabrication of ICs and various electronic components. Electronics engineers typically possess an academic degree with a major in electronic engineering. The length of study for such a degree is usually three or four years and the completed degree may be designated as a Bachelor of Engineering, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Applied Science, or Bachelor of Technology depending upon the university. Many UK universities also offer Master of Engineering (MEng) degrees at the graduate level. Some electronics engineers also choose to pursue a postgraduate degree such as a Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering, or an Engineering Doctorate. The master's degree is being introduced in some European and American Universities as a first degree and the differentiation of an engineer with graduate and postgraduate studies is often difficult. In these cases, experience is taken into account. The master's degree may consist of either research, coursework or a mixture of the two. The Doctor of Philosophy consists of a significant research component and is often viewed as the entry point to academia. In most countries, a bachelor's degree in engineering represents the first step towards certification and the degree program itself is certified by a professional body. Certification allows engineers to legally sign off on plans for projects affecting public safety. After completing a certified degree program, the engineer must satisfy a range of requirements, including work experience requirements, before being certified. Once certified the engineer is designated the title of Professional Engineer (in the United States, Canada, and South Africa), Chartered Engineer or Incorporated Engineer (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, and Zimbabwe), Chartered Professional Engineer (in Australia and New Zealand) or European Engineer (in much of the European Union). A degree in electronics generally includes units covering physics, chemistry, mathematics, project management and specific topics in electrical engineering. Initially, such topics cover most, if not all, of the subfields of electronic engineering. Students then choose to specialize in one or more subfields towards the end of the degree. Fundamental to the discipline are the sciences of physics and mathematics as these help to obtain both a qualitative and quantitative description of how such systems will work. Today most engineering work involves the use of computers and it is commonplace to use computer-aided design and simulation software programs when designing electronic systems. Although most electronic engineers will understand basic circuit theory, the theories employed by engineers generally depend upon the work they do. For example, quantum mechanics and solid state physics might be relevant to an engineer working on VLSI but are largely irrelevant to engineers working with embedded systems. Apart from electromagnetics and network theory, other items in the syllabus are particular to \"electronics\" engineering course. \"Electrical\" engineering courses have other specialisms such as machines, power generation and distribution. This list does not include the extensive engineering mathematics curriculum that is a prerequisite to a degree. Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss' and Stokes' theorems, Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; pulse excitation. Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations. Antennas: Dipole antennas; antenna arrays; radiation pattern; reciprocity theorem, antenna gain. Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set, and fundamental circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and Norton's maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks. Electronic devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion current, drift current, mobility, resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode, Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-i-n and avalanche photo diode, LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuit fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation, photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twin-tub CMOS process. Analog circuits: Equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of diodes, BJT, JFETs, and MOSFETs. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency response of amplifiers. Simple op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, Power supplies. Digital circuits: Boolean functions (NOT, AND, OR, XOR...). Logic gates digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor 8086: architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing. Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, z-transform. Sampling theorems. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission",
"circuits: Boolean functions (NOT, AND, OR, XOR...). Logic gates digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor 8086: architecture, programming, memory and I/O interfacing. Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, z-transform. Sampling theorems. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal transmission through LTI systems. Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function, autocorrelation, power spectral density, function analogy between vectors & functions. Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block diagrams — Mason's rule. Open loop and closed loop (negative unity feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Analysis of steady-state disturbance rejection and noise sensitivity. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis and design: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller (PID). Discretization of continuous time systems using Zero-order hold (ZOH) and ADCs for digital controller implementation. Limitations of digital controllers: aliasing. State variable representation and solution of state equation of LTI control systems. Linearization of Nonlinear dynamical systems with state-space realizations in both frequency and time domains. Fundamental concepts of controllability and observability for MIMO LTI systems. State space realizations: observable and controllable canonical form. Ackermann's formula for state-feedback pole placement. Design of full order and reduced order estimators. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne noise conditions. Digital communication systems: pulse-code modulation (PCM), differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), digital modulation – amplitude, phase- and frequency-shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), matched-filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these schemes, GSM, TDMA. Professional bodies of note for electrical engineers include the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) (now renamed the Institution of Engineering and Technology or IET). Members of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (MIET) are recognized professionally in Europe, as Electrical and computer (technology) engineers. The IEEE claims to produce 30 percent of the world's literature in electrical/electronic engineering, has over 430,000 members, and holds more than 450 IEEE sponsored or cosponsored conferences worldwide each year. SMIEEE is a recognised professional designation in the United States. For most engineers not involved at the cutting edge of system design and development, technical work accounts for only a fraction of the work they do. A lot of time is also spent on tasks such as discussing proposals with clients, preparing budgets and determining project schedules. Many senior engineers manage a team of technicians or other engineers and for this reason, project management skills are important. Most engineering projects involve some form of documentation and strong written communication skills are therefore very important. The workplaces of electronics engineers are just as varied as the types of work they do. Electronics engineers may be found in the pristine laboratory environment of a fabrication plant, the offices of a consulting firm or in a research laboratory. During their working life, electronics engineers may find themselves supervising a wide range of individuals including scientists, electricians, computer programmers and other engineers. Obsolescence of technical skills is a serious concern for electronics engineers. Membership and participation in technical societies, regular reviews of periodicals in the field and a habit of continued learning are therefore essential to maintaining proficiency. And these are mostly used in the field of consumer electronics products. Electronic engineering Electronic engineering (also called electronics and communications engineering) is an electrical engineering discipline which utilizes nonlinear and active electrical components (such as semiconductor devices, especially transistors, diodes and integrated circuits) to design electronic circuits, devices, VLSI devices and their systems. The discipline typically also"
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"Arab nationalism Arab nationalism ( \"al-Qawmiyya al-`arabiyya\") is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world. Its central premise is that the peoples of the Arab world, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, constitute one nation bound together by common ethnicity, language, culture, history, identity, geography and politics. One of the primary goals of Arab nationalism is the end of Western influence in the Arab world, seen as a \"nemesis\" of Arab strength, and the removal of those Arab governments considered to be dependent upon Western power. It rose to prominence with the weakening and defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century and declined after the defeat of the Arab armies in the Six-Day War. Personalities and groups associated with Arab nationalism include King Faisal I of Iraq, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Arab Nationalist Movement, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, the Palestine Liberation Organization, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party which came to power in Iraq for some years and is still the ruling party in Syria, and its founder Michel Aflaq. Pan-Arabism is a related concept, in as much as it calls for supranational communalism among the Arab states. Arab nationalists believe that the Arab nation existed as a historical entity prior to the rise of nationalism in the 19th–20th century. The Arab nation was formed through the gradual establishment of Arabic as the language of communication and with the advent of Islam as a religion and culture in the region. Both Arabic and Islam served as the pillars of the nation. According to writer Youssef Choueiri, Arab nationalism represents the \"Arabs' consciousness of their specific characteristics as well as their endeavor to build a modern state capable of representing the common will of the nation and all its constituent parts.\" Within the Arab nationalist movement are three main ideas: that of the Arab nation; Arab nationalism; and pan-Arab unity. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine led to the foundation of the Arab nationalist Ba'ath Party, which asserts that the Arab nation is the group of people who speak Arabic, inhabit the Arab world, and who feel they belong to the same nation. Arab nationalism is the \"sum total\" of the characteristics and qualities exclusive to the Arab nation, whereas pan-Arab unity is the modern idea that stipulates that the separate Arab countries must unify to form a single state under one political system. Local patriotism centered on individual Arab countries was incorporated into the framework of Arab nationalism starting in the 1920s. This was done by positioning the Arabian Peninsula as the homeland of the Semitic peoples (the Canaanites and Arameans of the Levant and the Assyrians and Babylonians of Mesopotamia) who migrated throughout the Near East in ancient times or by associating the other pre-Islamic cultures, such as those of Egypt and North Africa and Horn of Africa, into an evolving Arab identity. The modern Arabic language actually has two distinct words which can be translated into English as \"nationalism\": \"qawmiyya\" قومية, derived from the word \"qawm\" (meaning \"tribe, ethnic nationality\"), and \"wataniyya\" وطنية, derived from the word \"watan\" (meaning \"homeland, native country\"). The term \"qawmiyya\" means attachment to the Arab nation, while \"wataniyya\" means loyalty to a single Arab state. Wataniyya is sometimes disparaged as \"regionalism\" by those who consider pan-Arabism the only legitimate variant of Arab nationalism. In the post-World War years, the concept of \"qawmiyya\" \"gradually assumed a leftist coloration, calling for ... the creation of revolutionary Arab unity.\" Groups who subscribed to this point of view advocated opposition, violent and non-violent, against Israel and against Arabs who did not subscribe to this point of view. The person most identified with \"qawmiyya\" was Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, who used both military and political power to spread his version of pan-Arab ideology throughout the Arab world. While \"qawmiyya\" still remains a potent political force today, the death of Nasser and the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War has weakened faith in this ideal. The current dominant ideology among Arab policy makers has shifted to \"wataniyya\". Throughout the late 19th century, beginning in the 1860s, a sense of loyalty to the \"Fatherland\" developed in intellectual circles based in the Levant and Egypt, but not necessarily an \"Arab Fatherland\". It developed from observance of the technological successes of Western Europe which they attributed to the prevailing of patriotism in those countries. During this period, a heavy influx of Christian missionaries and educators from Western countries provided what was termed the \"Arab political revival\", resulting in the establishment of secret societies within the empire. In the 1860s, literature produced in the Mashriq (the Levant and Mesopotamia) which was under Ottoman control at the time, contained emotional intensity and strongly condemned the Ottoman Turks for \"betraying Islam\" and the Fatherland to the Christian West. In the view of Arab patriots, Islam had not always been in a \"sorry state\" and attributed the military triumphs and cultural glories of the Arabs to the advent of the religion, insisting that European modernism itself was of Islamic origin. The Ottomans, on the other hand, had deviated from true Islam and thus suffered decline. The reforming Ottoman and Egyptian governments were blamed for the situation because they attempted to borrow Western practices from the Europeans that were seen as unnatural and corrupt. The Arab patriots' view was that the Islamic governments should revive true Islam that would in turn, pave way for the establishment of constitutional representative government and freedom which, though Islamic in origin, was manifested in the West at the time. Arabism and regional patriotism (such as in Egypt or in the Levant) mixed and gained predominance over Ottomanism among some Arabs in Syria and Lebanon. Ibrahim al-Yaziji, a Lebanese Christian philosopher, called for the Arabs to \"recover their lost ancient vitality and throw off the yoke of the Turks\" in 1868. A secret society promoting this goal was formed in the late 1870s, with al-Yazigi as a member. The group placed placards in Beirut calling for a rebellion against the Ottomans. Meanwhile, other Lebanese and Damascus-based notables, mostly Muslims, formed similar secret movements, although they differed as Christian groups who disfavoured Arabism called for a completely independent Lebanon while the Muslim Arab societies generally promoted an autonomous Greater Syria still under Ottoman rule. As early as 1870, Syrian Christian writer Francis Marrash distinguished the notion of fatherland from that of nation; when applying the latter to Greater Syria, he pointed to the role played by language, besides customs and belief in common interests, in defining national identity. This distinction between fatherland and nation was also made by Hasan al-Marsafi in 1881. By the beginning of the 20th century, groups of Muslim Arabs embraced an Arab nationalist \"self-view\" that would provide as the basis of the Arab nationalist ideology of the 20th century. This new version of Arab patriotism was directly influenced by the Islamic modernism and revivalism of Muhammad Abduh, the Egyptian Muslim scholar. Abduh believed the Arabs' Muslim ancestors bestowed \"rationality on mankind and created the essentials of modernity,\" borrowed by the West. Thus, while Europe advanced from adopting the modernist ideals of true Islam, the Muslims failed, corrupting and abandoning true Islam. Abduh influenced modern Arab nationalism in particular, because the revival of true Islam's ancestors (who were",
"between fatherland and nation was also made by Hasan al-Marsafi in 1881. By the beginning of the 20th century, groups of Muslim Arabs embraced an Arab nationalist \"self-view\" that would provide as the basis of the Arab nationalist ideology of the 20th century. This new version of Arab patriotism was directly influenced by the Islamic modernism and revivalism of Muhammad Abduh, the Egyptian Muslim scholar. Abduh believed the Arabs' Muslim ancestors bestowed \"rationality on mankind and created the essentials of modernity,\" borrowed by the West. Thus, while Europe advanced from adopting the modernist ideals of true Islam, the Muslims failed, corrupting and abandoning true Islam. Abduh influenced modern Arab nationalism in particular, because the revival of true Islam's ancestors (who were Arabs) would also become the revival of Arab culture and the restoration of the Arab position as the leaders of the Islamic world. One of Abduh's followers, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, openly declared that the Ottoman Empire should be both Turkish and Arab, with the latter exercising religious and cultural leadership. In 1911, Muslim intellectuals and politicians from throughout the Levant formed al-Fatat (\"the Young Arab Society\"), a small Arab nationalist club, in Paris. Its stated aim was \"raising the level of the Arab nation to the level of modern nations.\" In the first few years of its existence, al-Fatat called for greater autonomy within a unified Ottoman state rather than Arab independence from the empire. Al-Fatat hosted the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris, the purpose of which was to discuss desired reforms with other dissenting individuals from the Arab world. They also requested that Arab conscripts to the Ottoman army not be required to serve in non-Arab regions except in time of war. However, as the Ottoman authorities cracked down on the organization's activities and members, al-Fatat went underground and demanded the complete independence and unity of the Arab provinces. Nationalist individuals became more prominent during the waning years of Ottoman authority, but the idea of Arab nationalism had virtually no impact on the majority of Arabs as they considered themselves loyal subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The British, for their part, incited the Sharif of Mecca to launch the Arab Revolt during the First World War. The Ottomans were defeated and the rebel forces, loyal to the Sharif's son Faysal ibn al-Husayn entered Damascus in 1918. By now, Faysal along with many Iraqi intellectuals and military officers had joined al-Fatat which would form the backbone of the newly created Arab state that consisted of much of the Levant and the Hejaz. Damascus became the coordinating center of the Arab nationalist movement as it was seen as the birthplace of the ideology, the seat of Faysal—the first Arab \"sovereign\" after nearly 400 years of Turkish suzerainty—and because the nationalists of the entire Mashreq region were familiar with it. Nonetheless, Jerusalem, Beirut, and Baghdad remained significant bases of support. Following the creation of Faysal's state, a serious tension within the Arab nationalist movement became visible; the conflict between the ideology's highest ideal of forming a single independent unit comprising all countries that shared the Arabic language and heritage, and the tendency to give precedence to local ambitions. To further tensions, a rift formed between the older nationalist members of various Syrian urban-class families and the generally younger nationalists who became close to Faysal—his Hejazi troops, Iraqi and Syrian military officers, and Palestinian and Syrian intellectuals. The older guard was mainly represented by Rida Pasha al-Rikabi, who served as Faysal's prime minister, while the younger guard did not have one particular leader. However, the youth within al-Fatat founded the Arab Independence Party (\"al-Istiqlal\") in February 1919. Its goal was to achieve unity and complete Arab independence. Prominent members included Izzat Darwaza and Shukri al-Quwatli. Centered in Damascus with branches in various cities throughout the Levant, al-Istiqlal received political and financial support from Faysal, but relied on the inner circle of al-Fatat to survive. During the war, Britain had been a major sponsor of Arab nationalist thought and ideology, primarily as a weapon to use against the power of the Ottoman Empire. Although the Arab forces were promised a state that included much of the Arabian Peninsula and the Fertile Crescent the secret Sykes–Picot Agreement between Britain and France provided for the territorial division of much of that region between the two imperial powers. During the inter-war years and the British Mandate period, when Arab lands were under French and British control, Arab nationalism became an important anti-imperial opposition movement against European rule. A number of Arab revolts against the European powers took place following the establishment of the British and French mandates. Resentment of British rule culminated in the Iraqi revolt of 1920. The uprising which was carried out by the urban population as well as the rural tribes of Iraq ended in 1921. The British drastically changed their policy in Iraq afterwards. Although the mandate was still in place officially, the British role was virtually reduced to an advisory one. In 1925, the Druze of southern Syria under the leadership of Sultan al-Atrash revolted against French rule. The revolt subsequently spread throughout Syria, particularly in Damascus where an uprising by the citizens took place. The French responded by systematically bombarding the city, resulting in thousands of deaths. The revolt was put down by the end of the year, but it is credited with forcing the French to take more steps to ensure Syrian independence. In Egypt, resentment of British hegemony led to wide-scale revolts across the country in 1919. As a result of three-year negotiations following the uprising, the British agreed to allow Egypt's official independence in 1922, but their military still held great influence in the country. It should also be noted that the political leaders of the Egyptian revolution espoused Egyptian nationalism, rather than an Arab nationalist alternative. The relative independence of Egypt, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and North Yemen encouraged Arab nationalists to put forward programs of action against colonial powers in the region. According to historian Youssef Choueiri, the \"first public glimmerings\" of a pan-Arab approach occurred in 1931, during the convention of a pan-Islamic conference in Jerusalem which highlighted Muslim fears of the increasing growth of Zionism in Palestine. Arab delegates held a separate conference and for the first time delegates from North Africa, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula and the Fertile Crescent convened together to discuss Arab matters. A pan-Arabist covenant was proclaimed centering on three main articles: Plans for a near-future conference were made, but never came into play due to Faysal's death in 1933 (delegates chose Faysal of Iraq to be their patron and he agreed to provide moral and material support for the movement) and fierce British opposition. However, the Arab Independence Party was formed by Palestinian and Iraqi activists from al-Fatat as a direct result of the Jerusalem conference on 13 August 1932. Most of the AIP's activities were centered in the Palestinian political field, but the party also worked towards achieving Arab unity and solidarity as a means to strengthen Arab resistance against the British Mandate in Palestine and increased Jewish settlement occurring there. In August 1933, the League of Nationalist Action (LNA) was founded in Lebanon by Western-educated professional civil service groups with the aims of creating a common Arab market and industrial base as well as the abolishment of customs barriers between the Arab countries. By proposing agrarian reforms to limit the power of",
"and fierce British opposition. However, the Arab Independence Party was formed by Palestinian and Iraqi activists from al-Fatat as a direct result of the Jerusalem conference on 13 August 1932. Most of the AIP's activities were centered in the Palestinian political field, but the party also worked towards achieving Arab unity and solidarity as a means to strengthen Arab resistance against the British Mandate in Palestine and increased Jewish settlement occurring there. In August 1933, the League of Nationalist Action (LNA) was founded in Lebanon by Western-educated professional civil service groups with the aims of creating a common Arab market and industrial base as well as the abolishment of customs barriers between the Arab countries. By proposing agrarian reforms to limit the power of landowners, abolishing what they considered \"feudalism\" and promoting the growth of an industry, the LNA sought to undermine the absentee landlords in the Levant who tended to encourage local nationalism and were open to working with European authorities or Jewish land purchasers. The LNA enjoyed a level of popularity throughout the 1930s, but did not survive into the 1940s. Following the killing of the Syrian Arab guerrilla leader Izz ad-Din al-Qassam by British forces in Ya'bad, Arab-Jewish tensions in Palestine reached a climax. Anti-Zionist sentiments reached a boiling point on 15 April 1936, when an armed group of Arabs killed a Jewish civilian after intercepting his car near the village of Bal'a. After Jews retaliated by killing two Arab farmers near Jaffa, this sparked an Arab revolt in Palestine. The AIP along with Palestinian notables selected popular leader and Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Amin al-Husseini to lead the uprising. The Arab Higher Committee (AHC), a national committee bringing together Arab factions in Palestine, was established to coordinate the uprising. To protest increased Jewish immigration, a general strike was declared and a political, economic, and social boycott of Jews soon ensued. The events in Palestine followed similar anti-colonial activities in Egypt and Syria which helped inspire the uprising. In Egypt, week-long anti-British demonstrations had eventually resulted in the restoration of the Egyptian constitution while in Syria, a general strike held in January–February 1936 led to major negotiations for an independence deal with the French government. The British took a firm stance against the nationalist revolt in Palestine, dissolving the AHC forcing al-Husayni into exile in Lebanon in 1937. Al-Husayni, who leaned more towards Palestinian nationalism, was instrumental in organizing the pan-Arab Bloudan Conference on 9 September 1937 in Syria which gathered 524 delegates from across the Arab world, although al-Husayni himself was not in attendance. According to author Adeeb Dawisha, although the uprising had been quelled by 1939, it greatly \"contributed to the growth of Arab nationalist sentiment\" and began the development of \"solidarity\" between Arab governments. Meanwhile, a clandestine Arab nationalist society was formed in Iraq in 1938 which came to be known as Arab Nationalist Party (ANP). The ANP typically confined itself to influencing events and leaders in Iraq rather than taking the lead of a mass nationalist movement. King Ghazi of Iraq was one such leader. Ghazi intended to build a strong Iraqi army and actively sought to annex Kuwait. Many Arab nationalist politicians from Kuwait, who favored independence particularly after the discovery of oil there in 1938, were provided safe haven in Iraq after being repressed by the quasi-rulers of the sheikhdom, the al-Sabah family (Kuwait was still a British territory at the time.) Ghazi died in a car accident in 1939, prompting a number of his army officers to allege the king was assassinated by British forces. That same year, al-Husayni arrived in Baghdad after escaping from Lebanon, giving a morale boost to the pan-Arab dimension in Iraqi politics. The prime minister at the time, Nuri al-Said and the regent king 'Abd al-Ilah, did not harbor the pan-Arabist sympathies Ghazi espoused. Rashid Ali al-Gaylani succeeded al-Said as Prime Minister in March 1940 and took a neutral position regarding World War II, opening dialogue with the German government which was at war with Britain. Under great pressure from the latter, al-Gaylani resigned on 31 January 1941 and al-Said took his place. The perceived British interjection in Iraq's internal affairs angered Arab nationalist officers in the army, leading a group of them to overthrow the government in April and install al-Gaylani as Prime Minister. To counter a British military response to the coup, al-Gaylani enlisted the support of Germany, but the German military did not arrive to aid the Arab nationalist government. With pro-German Vichy France having taken control of neighboring Syria, Britain reoccupied Iraq in May to prevent it from joining the Axis powers. By 1 June, al-Gaylani and al-Husayni fled to the country for Germany, while the army officers who carried out the coup were captured and executed. Al-Husayni became increasingly acquainted with Adolf Hitler, the Nazi leader of Germany, and other Nazi officials and attempted to coordinate Nazi and Arab policies to solve what he believed was the \"Jewish problem\" in Palestine. In one of the mufti's speeches he asked Arabs to unite and \"kill the Jews wherever you find them.\" Throughout World War II, the Nazi government, seeking to take advantage of widespread anti-imperialist feelings in the Middle East, had broadcast anti-Semitic messages tailored to Arabic-speaking Muslims in the Middle East via radio. The conflict in Iraq provoked anger and frustration throughout the Arab world and the British acknowledged the rapid growth of Arab nationalist feeling among the Arab population, large segments of which saw the events in Iraq as a valiant struggle against imperialism. British Foreign Secretary, Anthony Eden, officially stated Britain's support of strong pan-Arab ties in a bid to ease anti-British sentiments in the region. The events of the region influenced the creation of the Arab Union Club in Egypt in 1942 which called for developing stronger ties between Egypt and the Arab world. Branches were subsequently opened in Baghdad, Beirut, Jaffa and Damascus, and Egyptian Prime Minister Mostafa El-Nahas adopted its platform, pledging to help protect \"the interests and rights\" of the \"sister Arab nations\" and explore the \"question of Arab unity.\" Rivalry for the leadership of the Arab world developed mostly between the political establishments of Iraq and Egypt in the period following the failure of Rashid Ali coup. Eden's stated support for increased Arab ties encouraged Nuri al-Said of Iraq to propose his own plan for Arab unity in January 1943, dubbed the \"Fertile Crescent Union.\" The plan recognized the linguistic, cultural and economic ties between the states of the Fertile Crescent region as well as the differences between their inhabitants. It sought to unify those states in a stage-based process whereby the initial stage would see Syria, Transjordan, Palestine and Lebanon unite with limited autonomy given to the Jews in Palestine and special rights for the Christians in Lebanon. Afterward the Levantine state and Iraq would form an \"Arab League,\" to which other Arab states could join, that would oversee matters of defense, foreign policy, customs, currency and the safeguarding of minorities. The proposal reflected a combination of factors, namely the expansionist ambitions of the Hashemites, the attempt by Iraq's political establishment to secure the mantle of Arab leadership in their rivalry with Egypt and a genuine embrace of Arab identity by Iraq's leaders. The Egyptian government of Nahas Pasha launched a rival initiative for establishing closer inter-Arab relations, and sent delegations to several Arab states. Influential Arab nationalist figures in the country sought",
"autonomy given to the Jews in Palestine and special rights for the Christians in Lebanon. Afterward the Levantine state and Iraq would form an \"Arab League,\" to which other Arab states could join, that would oversee matters of defense, foreign policy, customs, currency and the safeguarding of minorities. The proposal reflected a combination of factors, namely the expansionist ambitions of the Hashemites, the attempt by Iraq's political establishment to secure the mantle of Arab leadership in their rivalry with Egypt and a genuine embrace of Arab identity by Iraq's leaders. The Egyptian government of Nahas Pasha launched a rival initiative for establishing closer inter-Arab relations, and sent delegations to several Arab states. Influential Arab nationalist figures in the country sought to emphasize Egypt's Arab character, the most of prominent of them, Abdul Rahman al-Azzam, even writing \"Egypt was an Arab country before Christ.\" The apparent Egyptian embrace of Arabism was met with general Arab excitement at the popular level and Pasha's efforts gained more traction among the various Arab governments than al-Said's Fertile Crescent proposal. Reasons for this ranged from the antipathy of the Saudi royal family and the Damascus political establishment to the leadership ambitions of the rival Hashemite family to the belief by Lebanon's Maronite Christian community that Egypt's plan would not require conceding future independence. Between 25 September-8 October 1944, the leaders of Iraq, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Transjordan, Yemen and the Palestinian Arab community convened in Alexandria, Egypt in a meeting hosted by the Egyptian government which ended with an agreement known as the \"Alexandria Protocol.\" After the Second World War, Gamal Abdel Nasser, the leader of Egypt, was a significant player in the rise of Arab nationalism. Opposed to the British control of the Suez Canal Zone and concerned at Egypt becoming a Cold War battleground Nasser pushed for a collective Arab security pact within the framework of the Arab League. A key aspect of this was the need for economic aid that was not dependent on peace with Israel and the establishment of U.S. or British military bases within Arab countries. Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal and directly challenged the dominance of the Western powers in the region. At the same time he opened Egypt up as a Cold War zone by receiving aid and arms shipments from the Soviet bloc countries that were not dependent on treaties, bases and peace accords. However, because of the connotations for Cold War dominance of the region, Egypt also received aid from the U.S.A., who sought to promote the emerging Arab nationalism as a barrier to communism. The question of Palestine and opposition to Zionism became a rallying point for Arab nationalism from both a religious perspective and a military perspective. The fact that the Zionists were Jewish promoted a religious flavor to the xenophobic rhetoric and strengthened Islam as a defining feature of Arab nationalism. The humiliating defeat in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War strengthened the Arabs' resolve to unite in favor of a pan-Arab nationalist ideal. With the advent of Palestinian nationalism, a debate circled between those who believed that pan-Arab unity would bring about destruction of Israel (the view advocated by the Arab Nationalist Movement) or whether the destruction of Israel would bring about pan-Arab unity (the view advocated by Fatah). Arab nationalists generally rejected religion as a main element in political identity, and promoted the unity of Arabs regardless of sectarian identity. However, the fact that most Arabs were Muslims was used by some as an important building block in creating a new Arab national identity. An example of this was Michel Aflaq, founder along with Salah al-Din al-Bitar and Zaki al-Arsuzi of the Ba'ath Party in Syria in the 1940s. Aflaq, though himself a Christian, viewed Islam as a testament to the \"Arab genius\", and once said \"Muhammed was the epitome of all the Arabs. So let all the Arabs today be Muhammed.\" Since the Arabs had reached their greatest glories through the expansion of Islam, Islam was seen as a universal message as well as an expression of secular genius on the part of the Arab peoples. Islam had given the Arabs a \"glorious past\", which was very different from the \"shameful present\". In effect, the troubles of the Arab presence were because the Arabs had diverged from their \"eternal and perfect symbol\", Islam. The Arabs needed to have a \"resurrection\" (\"ba'ath\" in Arabic). After the Ba'thist military coups in Iraq and Syria in the 1960s, the Ba'thists \"contributed very little to the development of all-Arab nationalism, which was its original \"raison d'etre\".\" Meanwhile, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia sought to counter the influences of Arab nationalism and Marxism–Leninism in the region by promoting pan-Islamism as an alternative. He called for the establishment of the Muslim World League, visiting several Muslim countries to advocate the idea. He also engaged in a propaganda and media war with Nasser. After the defeat of the Arab coalition by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War—which the reigning Arab nationalist leader Nasser had dubbed \"al-Ma‘raka al-Masiriya\", (the battle of destiny)—the Arab nationalist movement is said to have suffered an \"irreversible\" slide towards \"political marginality\". From the mid-1960s onward, the movement was further weakened by factional splits and ideological infighting. The formerly pro-Nasser Arab Nationalist Movement, publicly abandoned \"Nasserism\" in favor of Marxism–Leninism and fell apart soon after. In 1966, the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party split into rival factions based in Baghdad and Damascus, respectively. Aside from the 1967 defeat, factors credited with weakening the movement include: In the 1940s, rulers such as Abdullah I of Jordan and Nuri al-Said of Iraq sought to create an expanded Arab empire constructed out of the smaller nation-states that had been created in the mandate period. Abdullah's dream was to be king of a Greater Syria while as-Said's dream was for a Fertile Crescent Federation. These aspirations, however, were unpopular and met with suspicion in the countries they sought to conquer. The creation of the Arab League and its insistence on the territorial integrity and respect for sovereignty of each member state, the assassination of Abdullah, and the 14 July Revolution weakened the political feasibility of these ideas. During much of the 20th century, the rivalry between Syria and Nasser in Egypt for who would lead the union undermined the effort of forming a united Arab state. In 1958, Egypt and Syria temporarily joined to create the United Arab Republic. It was accompanied by attempts to include Iraq and North Yemen in the union. This very exercise, while fostering Egypt's position at the centre of Arab politics, led to the weakening of Syria. With the 14 July Revolution taking place in Iraq the same year, Western powers feared the fallouts of a powerful Arab nationalism in the region. Foreign powers were not only concerned about the possible spread of such revolutionary movements in other Arab states, but also worried about losing the control and monopoly over the region's natural oil resources. However, due to discontent over the hegemony of Egypt and after a coup in Syria that introduced a more radical government to power, the United Arab Republic collapsed in 1961. The term \"United Arab Republic\" continued to be used in Egypt until 1971, after the death of Nasser. Another unsuccessful attempt at union occurred in 1963. That year the Arab nationalist Ba'ath Party came to power in Syria and Iraq and talks were held on uniting the two countries with Egypt. On 17 April an agreement to unite the countries was signed, but Ba'ath leaders complained of what they considered Egyptian president Nasser's \"patronizing, bullying tone\" and his insistence on a single",
"movements in other Arab states, but also worried about losing the control and monopoly over the region's natural oil resources. However, due to discontent over the hegemony of Egypt and after a coup in Syria that introduced a more radical government to power, the United Arab Republic collapsed in 1961. The term \"United Arab Republic\" continued to be used in Egypt until 1971, after the death of Nasser. Another unsuccessful attempt at union occurred in 1963. That year the Arab nationalist Ba'ath Party came to power in Syria and Iraq and talks were held on uniting the two countries with Egypt. On 17 April an agreement to unite the countries was signed, but Ba'ath leaders complained of what they considered Egyptian president Nasser's \"patronizing, bullying tone\" and his insistence on a single centralized party structure under his leadership. In Syria, pro-Nasserists were purged from the Syrian military and cabinet. In response, large pro-Nasser riots erupted in Damascus and Aleppo but were crushed with 50 rioters killed. A pro-Nasser coup attempt on 18 July 1963 in Syria also ended unsuccessfully. Hundreds of people killed or wounded in an attempt to take over the Damascus radio station and army headquarters, and 27 rebel officers were summarily executed. Nasser then formally withdrew from the union agreement, denouncing the Syrian Ba'athists as \"fascists and murderers\". In 1964, Egypt, Iraq and North Yemen formed a Unified Political Command in order to prepare the gradual merger in a new \"United Arab Republic\", however, both projects failed in 1966 and 1967. In 1971 and 1972 Muammar Gaddafi attempted to unite Libya, Egypt, Sudan and Syria to form the Federation of Arab Republics. This loose union lasted until 1977 when it split due to political and territorial disputes between the republics' leadership. In 1974, Muammar Gaddafi and Habib Bourguiba attempted their two nations of Libya and Tunisia to form the Arab Islamic Republic. The plan was rejected by Bourgiba due to his realization of unity of the Maghreb states. This would later become the Arab Maghreb Union. In October 1978, Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr began working closely with Syrian President Hafez al-Assad to foil the Camp David Accords. They signed a charter in Baghdad for Joint National Action which provided for the \"closest form of unity ties\" including \"complete military unity\" as well as \"economic, political and cultural unification\". An agreement to unify the two states was to come into effect in July 1979. However, Iraqi Vice President Saddam Hussein was fearful of losing his power to Assad (who was supposed to become the deputy leader in the new union) and forced al-Bakr into retirement under threat of violence. Although unity talks did continue between Assad and Saddam after July 1979, but Assad rejected Iraqi demands for a full merger between the two states and for the immediate deployment of Iraq troops into Syria. Instead Assad, perhaps fearful of Iraqi domination and a new war with Israel, advocated a step-by-step approach. The unity talks were eventually suspended indefinitely after an alleged discovery of a Syrian plot to overthrow Saddam Hussein in November 1979. Arab nationalism Arab nationalism ( \"al-Qawmiyya al-`arabiyya\") is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world. Its central premise is that the peoples of the Arab world, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean, constitute one nation bound together by common ethnicity, language, culture, history, identity, geography and politics. One of"
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"Newport Folk Festival The Newport Folk Festival is an American annual folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in July 1959 as a counterpart to the previously established Newport Jazz Festival. The festival is often considered one of the first modern music festivals in America and remains a focal point in the ever-expanding genre of \"folk\" music. The Newport Folk Festival was founded in 1959 by George Wein, founder of the already-well-established Newport Jazz Festival, and owner of Storyville, a jazz club located in Boston, MA. In 1958, Wein became aware of the growing Folk Revival movement and began inviting folk artists such as Odetta to perform on Sunday afternoons at Storyville. The afternoon performances consistently sold out and Wein began to consider the possibility of a \"folk afternoon embedded within the 1959 Newport Jazz Festival\". Wein envisioned the program to be \"similar in scope and tone to the highly successful blues and gospel shows\" that had taken place at the Jazz Festival in previous years. Wein asked Odetta, Pete Seeger, and the Weavers to perform on the afternoon in addition to the Kingston Trio. After conferring with the folk community, it grew abundantly clear to Wein that an afternoon program would not suffice and that there was demand for a full festival. Aware of his own limitations in the folk scene, Wein asked Albert Grossman, then Odetta's manager, to join him in planning and producing the festival. Grossman accepted and began working with Wein to book talent and organize the weekend. The inaugural festival lineup included Pete Seeger, Earl Scruggs, the Kingston Trio, John Jacob Niles, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee, Odetta, The New Lost City Ramblers, and more. Perhaps the most notable performance was the surprise debut of the eighteen year old Joan Baez, who was brought on as a guest of Bob Gibson. The festival returned in 1960 and was expanded to include three nights. The lineup placed an emphasis on music diversity, booking performers from Africa, Scotland, Spain, Israel, and Ireland alongside \"traditional\" folk musicians such as Pete Seeger, Ewan McColl, John Lee Hooker, Cisco Houston and Tommy Makem. In 1962, two young members of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed a gospel vocal quartet named the Freedom Singers. And in 1962, Pete and Toshi Seeger assisted the Freedom Singers in organizing a nationwide collegiate tour. As a result, the civil rights movement became deeply embraced by the folk music community. In 1963, the Freedom Singers performed on the first night of the Newport Folk festival, and on the second night Joan Baez joined SNCC activists and roughly 600 festival-goers on a march through Newport. The crowd walked past the Bellevue Avenue mansions and into Touro Park, where SNCC's executive secretary James Forman and Freedom Singers leader Cordell Reagon delivered speeches, rallying support for the March on Washington scheduled for the following March. For the final performance on Friday Wein had scheduled Peter, Paul and Mary. But under the persuasion of Albert Grossman, who was managing Peter, Paul and Mary, Wein decided to allow Bob Dylan (whom Grossman was also managing) to close the night. After Peter, Paul and Mary finished their afternoon set, Wein announced that they would reappear at the end of the evening. Dylan performed a set consisting of particularly topical songs: \"With God on Our Side\", \"Talkin' John Birch Society Blues\", and \"A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall\". Peter, Paul and Mary then returned and performed an encore of \"Blowin' in the Wind\". Amidst a \"deafening roar of applause\" they brought to the stage Dylan, Joan Baez, Pete Seeger, Theo Bikel and the Freedom Singers. The singers stood in a single line facing the audience with crossed arms and clasped hands and began to sing a variation on the Baptist hymn \"I'll Overcome Some Day\". The hymn's new incarnation - \"We Shall Overcome\" - had become an anthem for the Civil Rights Movement. In 1928, Mississippi John Hurt, a self-taught amateur musician and farmer, recorded 13 songs for Okeh Records which failed to achieve commercial success. Believing his musical career to be over, Hurt continued farming, apparently thinking little of his brief recording gig. Post WWII, few records cut by southern musicians in the 1920s were commercially available. Hurt's records were particularly rare, since few had been manufactured in the first place. But Harry Smith, a member of a tiny subculture of obsessive, cranky collectors, put two John Hurt cuts on his influential 1952 Anthology of American Folk Music, prompting many blues hobbyists to begin searching for him. In 1963, Tom Hoskins and Mike Stewart acquired a tape of Hurt's Avalon Blues through their informal network of tape traders. Hurt had recorded Avalon Blues at the end of a week-long stay in New York that spanned Christmas 1928. Apparently homesick in the big city, Hurt included a line about his home in Avalon being always on his mind. Hoskins and Stewart were able to locate Avalon and track Hurt down. After asking Hurt to perform, to ensure he was actually who he claimed to be, Hoskins convinced Hurt to move to Washington D.C. and embark on a national tour. The tour culminated on Saturday evening of the 1963 Newport Folk Festival, when Mississippi John Hurt performed alongside Brownie McGhee, Sonny Terry and John Lee Hooker for a blues workshop at the Newport Casino. The performance is considered to be a seminal moment for the folk revival and caused Hurt to rise to fame. He performed extensively at colleges, concert halls, and coffeehouses and appeared on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Bob Dylan's 1963 and 1964 performances solo and with Baez had made him popular with the Newport crowd, but on July 25, 1965 festival headliner Dylan was booed by some fans when he played with backing band The Paul Butterfield Blues Band. It is usually said that the reason for the hostile reception by a small number of fans was Dylan's \"abandoning of the folk orthodoxy, or poor sound quality on the night (or a combination of the two). The controversy regarding the reaction of the audience at this event is often overplayed, as it was not the general reaction of the audience, but rather that of a small number of folk \"purists\", including Pete Seeger. The reaction of \"the crowd\" to Dylan's performance, certainly from eyewitness accounts, was generally quite enthusiastic. This performance, Dylan's first live \"plugged-in\" set of his professional career, marked the shift in his artistic direction from folk to rock, and had wider implications for both genres. The performance marked the first time Dylan performed \"Like a Rolling Stone\" in public. Despite the musical transition, Dylan's growing status within the larger counterculture ensured that his place in the expanding movement would remain secure. Dylan did not return to Newport until 2002, when he played a headlining performance while wearing a wig and fake beard. In 1969, the Johnny Cash troupe was to perform on opening night of the festival. Cash had recently become aware of Kris Kristofferson, a young, relatively unknown country singer-songwriter, and convinced George Wein to allow Kristofferson to join him onstage. Kristofferson's performance of \"Me and Bobby McGee\" and other songs gave him a launch into his legendary musical career. The Newport Folk Festival has, throughout various points in its history, remained connected to protest movements. In the 60's the festival played a substantial part in the civil rights movement. In the early 80's the Newport Folk Festival was one of the first festivals to serve as a platform for climate change protest. In the 1990s, playing on Victory Day (originally \"Victory over Japan Day\" or \"V-J Day\") folk musician Michelle Shocked asked the entire audience to lie down because \"she wanted to see what it looked like when people had been destroyed by bombs\". This was relevant",
"singer-songwriter, and convinced George Wein to allow Kristofferson to join him onstage. Kristofferson's performance of \"Me and Bobby McGee\" and other songs gave him a launch into his legendary musical career. The Newport Folk Festival has, throughout various points in its history, remained connected to protest movements. In the 60's the festival played a substantial part in the civil rights movement. In the early 80's the Newport Folk Festival was one of the first festivals to serve as a platform for climate change protest. In the 1990s, playing on Victory Day (originally \"Victory over Japan Day\" or \"V-J Day\") folk musician Michelle Shocked asked the entire audience to lie down because \"she wanted to see what it looked like when people had been destroyed by bombs\". This was relevant to the locale of the festival as Rhode Island is the only US state which still officially celebrates the holiday, and the Naval War College is also in Newport, a mere few miles from the Fort Adams State Park where the festival is held. In 2002, Bob Dylan returned to the Newport Folk Festival for the first time since his shocking performance in 1965, in which he went electric. The '65 appearance at the Folk Festival was a turning point in his career, a distancing of himself from his acoustic folk music to his more blues-based electric music. Despite wide speculation that Dylan would once again attempt to \"shock\" the audience at Newport, Dylan performed a straightforward set, with little surprises. The performance was reviewed favorably and provided a much needed economic boost to the festival. Initially spanning the late eighties and early nineties, The Pixies are often credited for creating a blueprint for alternative rock that was followed and embellished upon by numerous contemporary indie/rock artists. After separating in 1994, the group reunited in 2004 and in 2005, performed, for the first time, a completely acoustic performance at the Newport Folk Festival. The set was deemed \"Pixies Go Acoustic\" as a play on words in reference to Bob Dylan going electric at the Newport Folk Festival is 1965. The performance was recorded and turned into a feature film directed by Michael B Borofsky, titled Pixies: Acoustic: Live in Newport. The Newport Folk Festival has existed in various forms since its creation; founded as a not-for-profit, the festival became a for-profit in the mid-eighties. However, in 2011, the festival announced it would return to its non-profit status under the umbrella of the Newport Festivals Foundation. The Foundation not only strived to sustain the Newport Folk and Newport Jazz Festival, but also expand the impact of its Festivals through educational initiatives that celebrate innovation while preserving the deep traditions inherent in Jazz and Folk music. In 2008, Executive Producer, George Wein hired Jay Sweet as an associate of the festival. At the time, the folk festival was struggling financially and with Sweet's recommendations, the 2008 line-up varied drastically from previous years. Rock band the Black Crowes and Trey Anastasio, frontman of Phish, headlined and other artists on the bill included Stephen Marley and Damian Marley, sons of reggae icon Bob Marley. The Festival was well attended and received favorable press, despite folk purists questioning the modernization of the festival. Sweet continued his unconventional and somewhat controversial style of booking artists that challenged the conservative definitions of folk music. With 2009 being the 50th anniversary of the festival, Sweet used the opportunity to book both modern and traditional folk acts; symbolizing the past and current styles of folk music. The success of the 2009 festival marked a turning point in the festival's history. In 2011 the two day festival sold out Saturday and in 2012 the festival sold out both days. In 2013 the festival expanded to three days and sold out both Saturday and Sunday. In 2014 the festival sold out all three days months in advance. The festival has sold out every year since. In commemoration of the 50th anniversary of Bob Dylan going electric at Newport, the Festival scheduled a program titled 65 Revisited on the final night of the 2015 festival. The program's details and performers were kept secret prior to the performance - prompting various rumors including the return of Bob Dylan. Instead, the program featured an array of more contemporary musicians, including Taylor Goldsmith of Dawes, Gillian Welch and David Rawlings, Willie Watson, Hozier and Klara Soderberg of First Aid Kit, John McCauley and Ian O'Neil of Deer Tick, Robyn Hitchcock and the Preservation Hall Jazz Band of New Orleans. The ensemble performed a collection of Dylan's material, ending the performance with \"Rainy Day Women #12 and 35,\". In recent years, the Newport Folk Festival has developed a reputation for selling out of tickets before announcing the lineup. Unlike most festivals, the festival \"rolls out\" their lineup over the course of the year instead of releasing a lineup poster on one day. The festival has also developed a reputation for programming surprise, unannounced artists. Past instances include the 65 Revisited program (2015), in which Gillian Welch and Dave Rawlings, Dawes, and Willie Watson appeared unannounced. Other surprise moments include My Morning Jacket (2015), James Taylor (2015), Kris Kristofferson (2016), Roger Waters (2017), and Mumford & Sons (2018). Like 65 Revisited in 2015, 2018's A Change Is Gonna Come closing set paired guests from the weekend with unannounced guests including Leon Bridges, Chris Thile, and Mavis Staples. The Newport Folk Festival takes place every year at Fort Adams State Park, in Newport, Rhode Island. Fort Adams houses four stages, the Fort Stage which sits looking out at Newport harbor and the famous Claiborne Pell Bridge, the Harbor Stage, The Quad Stage, and The Museum Stage. The festival is known for its beautiful setting- as the music blog Consequence of Sound puts it, \"Located at the gorgeously scenic Fort Adams, in Newport, Rhode Island, glimmering, clear blue water surrounds the small vivid green peninsula. Look out from the fort towers and you'll see hundreds of beautiful boats rocking along the water.\" (Consequence of Sound). My Morning Jacket frontman Jim James told Spin Magazine, \"You've got the sun on your skin and the breeze in your hair. It's magical here... It's just magical.\" (SPIN at Newport Folk 2010) Brandi Carlile says \"It's one of my favorites so far if not my favorite.\" (Brandi Carlile Interview) WMVY began streaming the festival in 2005 and was joined by NPR Music in 2008. WMVY's Archives contains both performances and interviews from Newport Folk and NPR music has recorded sets available for listening here: NPR at Newport Folk 2010. The festival has made efforts in being green-friendly, teaming with many groups to do so. They partnered with Clean Water Action and Rhode Island Resource Recovery to collect 1.5 tons of recyclables. CWA worked onsite picking up trash and recycling, and set up composting stations to curb the waste generated during the event. A portion of beer and wine sales went to CWA to support their work. The official beer of the festival, Vermont-based Magic Hat used plant-based, 100% compostable cups. The festival also partnered with CLIF Bar, who set up a bike valet to encourage people to cycle to the event and participate in their 2-Mile Challenge. They worked with New England Wind Fund to offset power used during the festival, and Klean Kanteen to provide reusable water bottles. They also partnered with Farm Fresh Rhode Island to incorporate local foods into the vendors' fare. Notable past performers at the Newport Folk Festival include: Newport Folk Festival The Newport Folk Festival is an American annual folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in July 1959 as a counterpart to the previously established Newport Jazz Festival. The festival is often",
"work. The official beer of the festival, Vermont-based Magic Hat used plant-based, 100% compostable cups. The festival also partnered with CLIF Bar, who set up a bike valet to encourage people to cycle to the event and participate in their 2-Mile Challenge. They worked with New England Wind Fund to offset power used during the festival, and Klean Kanteen to provide reusable water bottles. They also partnered with Farm Fresh Rhode Island to incorporate local foods into the vendors' fare. Notable past performers at the Newport Folk Festival include: Newport Folk Festival The Newport Folk Festival is an American annual folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in July 1959 as a counterpart to the previously established Newport Jazz Festival. The festival is often considered one of the first modern music festivals in America and remains a focal point in the ever-expanding genre of \"folk\" music. The Newport Folk Festival was founded in 1959 by George Wein, founder of the"
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"Petén Department Petén is a department of the Republic of Guatemala. It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala, as well as the largest by area — at it accounts for about one third of Guatemala's area. The capital is Flores. The population at the 2002 Census was 366,735; the latest official estimate as of mid-2012 was 662,779. The Petén department is bordered on the east by Belize and by Mexico on the north and west, with the Mexican state of Chiapas to the west, Tabasco to the northwest and Campeche to the north. To the south it borders the Guatemalan departments of Alta Verapaz and Izabal. Much of the western border with Mexico is formed by the Usumacinta River and its tributary the Salinas River. Portions of the southern border of the department are formed by the rivers Gracias a Dios and Santa Isabel. The Petén lowlands are formed by a densely forested low-lying limestone plain featuring karstic topography. The area is crossed by low east-west oriented ridges of Cenozoic limestone and is characterised by a variety of forest and soil types; water sources include generally small rivers and low-lying seasonal swamps known as \"bajos\". A chain of fourteen lakes runs across the central drainage basin of the Petén; during the rainy season some of these lakes become interconnected. This drainage area measures approximately east-west by north-south. The largest lake is Lake Petén Itza, near the centre of the drainage basin; it measures . A broad savannah extends south of the central lakes; it features a compact red clay soil that is too poor to support heavy cultivation. This resulted in a relatively low level of pre-Columbian occupation. The savannah has an average altitude of above mean sea level with karstic ridges reaching an average altitude of . The savannah is surrounded by hills with unusually steep southern slopes and gentler northern approaches; the hills are covered with dense tropical forest. To the north of the lakes region \"bajos\" become more frequent, interspersed with forest. In the far north of the Petén the Mirador Basin forms another interior drainage region. To the south Petén reaches an altitude of approximately as it rises towards the Guatemalan Highlands and meets Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The main bodies of standing water in the department are the lakes Petén Itzá, Peténchel, Quexil, Salpetén and Macanche in the centre of the department; Yaxhá and Sacnab in the east, Petexbatún in the southwest, and Perdida, Larga, La Gloria, San Diego, Mendoza, El Repasto and Lacandón in the west. The climate of Petén is divided into wet and dry seasons, although these seasons are not clearly defined in the south; the climate varies from tropical in the south to semitropical in the north. Temperature varies between , although it does not usually drop beneath . Mean temperature varies from in the southeast around Poptún to around Uaxactún in the northeast. Highest temperatures are reached from April to June; January is the coldest month. All Petén experiences a hot dry period in late August. Annual precipitation is high, varying from a mean of in the northeast to in central Petén around Flores. The extreme southeast of Petén experiences the largest variations in temperature and rainfall, with precipitation reaching as much as in a year. \"For the early history of the region, see Petén Basin, Maya civilization and Spanish conquest of Petén.\" The Petén department was created by decree of the Guatemalan government on 8 May 1866. Starting in the 1960s the Guatemalan government offered land in Petén to any citizen willing to settle on it and pay a fee of $25. A road was opened up to Flores, although it was unpaved, and the notorious bus trip to Flores was known to take up to 24 hours to travel the 300 miles (500 km). Small airports were built at Flores and Tikal, bringing tourists to the region. In the early 1970s a road was opened from Tikal to Belize. The first paved road in Petén was built in 1982. Since the 1990s many new settlers have come to Petén. The area is also experiencing severe deforestation in its southern half. Deforestation has been particularly rapid near Laguna del Tigre National Park in western Petén. To combat deforestation, Guatemalan president Álvaro Colom proposed dramatically expanding ecotourism around Maya archaeological sites, especially El Mirador, and trying to further develop an agricultural system in the southern portion of the Maya Biosphere Reserve that would prevent further northward migration. He called his plan \"Cuatro Balam\". The Mundo Maya International Airport, in Santa Elena, is the second largest in Guatemala. Petén consists of the following twelve municipalities, listed below with their populations in 2002 and 2012: The Petén department includes a large number of archaeological sites belonging to the ancient Maya civilization, many of which have only received minimal attention by archaeologists. Those sites with some level of restoration include: Tikal, Uaxactún, Aguateca, Seibal, Yaxha, Nakum, Topoxte, San Clemente and La Blanca. Other archaeological sites include: Altar de Sacrificios, La Amelia, Arroyo de Piedra, Bejucal, Cancuén, El Caribe, El Chal, Cival, La Corona, Dos Pilas, Holmul, Holtun, Itzan, Ixkun, Ixlu, Ixtonton, Ixtutz, La Joyanca, Kinal, Machaquila, El Mirador, Motul de San José, La Muerta, Muralla de León, Naachtun, Nakbe, Naranjo, El Peru, Piedras Negras, Polol, El Porvenir, Punta de Chimino, Río Azul, Sacul, San Bartolo, La Sufricaya, Tamarindito, Tayasal, El Tintal, Tres Islas, Ucanal, Xultun, Zacpeten, Zapote Bobal and El Zotz. Petén Department Petén is a department of the Republic of Guatemala. It is geographically the northernmost department of Guatemala, as well as the largest by area — at it accounts for about one third of Guatemala's area. The capital is Flores. The population at the 2002 Census was 366,735; the latest official estimate as of mid-2012 was 662,779. The Petén department is bordered on the east by Belize and by Mexico on the north and west, with the Mexican state of Chiapas to the west, Tabasco to the northwest and Campeche to"
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"Chava Alberstein Chava Alberstein (, born December 8, 1946 in Poland) is an Israeli singer, lyricist, composer, and musical arranger. Chava Alberstein, born in Szczecin, Poland, moved to Israel with her family in 1950. She grew up in Kiryat Haim. In 1964, when she was 17, she was invited to appear at the Hammam Nightclub in Jaffa. She sang four songs accompanied by herself on guitar and her brother Alex on the clarinet. The program was broadcast live on the radio. After a guest appearance on \"Moadon Hazemer\", recorded on Kibbutz Beit Alfa, she signed a recording contract with CBS. Early in her career, she appeared at the Amami Cinema in Haifa's Neve Sha'anan neighborhood. \"Haaretz\" columnist Neri Livneh describes her as \"a little slip of a thing in a blue youth movement shirt, her face covered by huge glasses\". Alberstein was drafted into the Israel Defense Forces in 1965, and became one of many Israeli artists to rise to stardom by entertaining the troops. Alberstein has released more than 60 albums. She has recorded in Hebrew, English and Yiddish. In 1980, Alberstein began to write and compose. Most of the songs on her album \"Mehagrim\" (Immigrants) are her own work. Alberstein's husband was the filmmaker Nadav Levitan, who wrote the lyrics for her \"End of the Holiday\" album. In 1986 she wrote music for Levitan's film \"Stalin's Disciples\". Levitan died in 2010. Her songs have been included in a number of multi-artist collections, among them \"Songs of The Vilna Ghetto\" and \"The Hidden Gate – Jewish Music Around the World\". According to Israel's second largest daily newspaper \"Yedioth Ahronoth\", Alberstein is the most important female folk singer in Israel history: Alberstein is a champion of liberal causes. Throughout her career she has been an activist for human rights and Arab-Israeli unity. In 1989, Alberstein's song \"Had Gadya\" (a spin-off on a traditional song Chad Gadya, which is sung at the Passover seder) in which she criticizes Israel's policy towards Palestinians, was banned by Israel State Radio. The song was later used in the film \"Free Zone\" by director Amos Gitai in Natalie Portman's 7-minute crying scene. Alberstein is also a champion of the Yiddish language both in her recordings and in a video titled \"Too Early To Be Quiet, Too Late To Sing\", which showcases the works of Yiddish poets. Alberstein won the Kinor David (\"David's Harp\") Prize. She received the Lifetime Achievement Music Award from the Israel Association of Composers, Authors and Publishers of Musical Works, and holds honorary doctorates from Tel Aviv University and the Weizmann Institute of Science of Israel. She will be awarded a honorary doctorate by Brandeis University in the Commencement ceremonies of 2018. Chava Alberstein Chava Alberstein (, born December 8, 1946 in Poland) is an Israeli singer, lyricist, composer, and musical arranger. Chava Alberstein, born in Szczecin, Poland, moved to Israel with her family in 1950. She grew up in Kiryat Haim. In 1964, when she was 17, she was invited to"
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"Tikkle Me Tikkle Me is a Swedish band from Eskilstuna which was formed in 2006 by Frida Herchenröther and Karin Taberman. The band is signed to the Skellefteå-based record label . Herchenröther writes the songs and sings in live performances while Taberman plays the keyboard. Lately the band included more visual elements of their live performances including background dancers and background projections. Tikkle Me has played at some of the biggest Swedish festivals, including Peace & Love, Hultsfred, Arvika and Emmaboda; they've also played in Russia, Ukraine (particularly at Gogolfest) and Belarus. The band started in 2006 from members of the now-defunct band Fairy Floss. After years of live performances the band released their EP \"Butterflies In My Tummy\" on A West Side Fabrication 2009. Next year they released their second EP \"Wake Up\" on the same label and later the same year they released their self-titled debut album. Tikkle Me Tikkle Me is a Swedish band from Eskilstuna which was formed in 2006 by Frida Herchenröther and Karin Taberman. The band is signed to the Skellefteå-based record label . Herchenröther writes the songs and sings in live performances while Taberman plays the keyboard. Lately the band included more visual"
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"Walter Parker (Australian soldier) Walter Parker (11 August 1894 – 22 January 2000) was an Australian soldier and a veteran of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in World War I. Parker's pre-war plans for a career in Sydney as a commercial art printer was set aside when he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) at age 20. He arrived at the Battle of Gallipoli in November 1915 with the 20th Battalion, 4th Reinforcements. He was tasked with carrying ammunition and water through the trenches to the front. After his evacuation from Turkey, he fought in France. He was shot in the arm at Pozières; and then he was invalided to England. After returning to Australia, Parker married and had two children, a son and a daughter. His son was killed in World War II. He was survived by three grandchildren and two great-granddaughters. In 2000, Parker was recognized as one of the \"Australian Legends\". His name and photograph were part of an annual series of commemorative postage stamps issued by Australia Post since 1997. The stamps honour living Australians \"who have made lifetime contributions to the development of Australia's national identity and character\". Parker did not live to fully enjoy this accolade, as he died the day after the stamp was officially issued. Parker's 45-cent Legend stamp displays the soldier's portrait as a young man, photographed just prior to his departure for Gallipoli. Formal photographs of the other two ANZAC centenarians complete this stamp set. In addition, a fourth stamp features the 1914-15 star medal which was presented to all those who fought in campaigns during those war years. These stamps, designed by Cathleen Cram of the Australia Post Design Studio, commemorate the story of events and people shaping contemporary Australia. The Parker stamp honours him as an individual and as a representative of all the soldiers at Gallipoli whose actions affected Australia's evolving self-image. Walter Parker (Australian soldier) Walter Parker (11 August 1894 – 22 January 2000) was an Australian soldier and a veteran of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who served in World War I. Parker's pre-war plans for a career in Sydney as a commercial art printer was set aside when he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) at age 20. He arrived at the Battle of Gallipoli in November 1915 with the 20th Battalion, 4th Reinforcements."
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"Elveden Elveden is a village and civil parish in the Forest Heath district of Suffolk in eastern England. In 2005 it had a population of 270. The village is bypassed by the A11 between Cambridge and Norwich, which ran through the centre of the village prior to 2014. The name \"Elveden\" seems to come from Old English *\"ælfa-dene\" 'elves' valley': the name appears, translated into Latin, as \"vallis nympharum\" 'valley of nymphs' in the mid-12th-century \"Miracula sancte Wihtburge\". During the 17th and 18th centuries, the village was often referred to as \"Elden\" and the village name is often incorrectly spelt today as 'Elvedon'. Elveden and the nearby village of Weeting were used as the code-names for investigations into the \"News of the World\" phone hacking allegations in July 2011. Operation Elveden is the name of the investigation into allegations of inappropriate payments having been made to the police in exchange for information. Elveden Hall is the centrepiece of the Elveden Estate, a vast country estate that is now the family seat of the Anglo-Irish Guinness family, Earls of Iveagh. Formerly, it was the family home of Maharaja Duleep Singh, who is buried in the churchyard of St Andrew and St Patrick Church; his grave is visited by the Sikh community who pay homage to the last ruler of the Sikh Empire. A Center Parcs holiday complex is located to the North of the village in nearby Elveden Forest. The Elveden War Memorial is a war memorial to the First World War dead. It is situated at the meeting of the three parishes of Eriswell, Icklingham and Elveden to which the monument honours. The names of the dead of each parish are listed separately on three of the sides of the column's base. To the original WWI listings there are also WWII additions. The fourth (NW) side has a locked door that is used to access the inside of the column and via a spiral staircase to get to the upper parts of the monument. Small slits in the column's sides are used to light its interior and can be easily seen from the outside. It is a Corinthian column tall, made of Weldon Stone and surmounted by an urn of Portland stone. Edward Cecil Guinness owner of Elvden commissioned the architect Clyde Francis Young to design and build the column which took 2 years to erect and was completed in 1921. It was listed in 1954 and is now a Grade 2* listed structure. War monuments of this type and height are rare and it is thought that the design was inspired by the Coke Column or Leicester Monument which is located at the relatively close Holkham estate in Norfolk. Perhaps in an act of one-up-manship, the Thetford monument is slightly taller than its close by companion but out of tact is shorter than Nelson's Column in London ( ) It is close to the A11, where there is a lay-by which can be used to visit the site. Elveden"
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"Trillium Gift of Life Network The Trillium Gift of Life Network is an agency of the Government of Ontario responsible for the province's organ donation strategy, promotion, and supply. Ronnie Gavsie is the current President & CEO. The agency maintains the popular BeADonor.ca website. Statistics can be a great way to see the reasons behind needing certain registries in a country. The following are statistics on the wait-list and the transplants performed in Canada in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The data is from the Canadian Institute for Health Information that focuses on British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia. From 2001 to 2010, kidney and liver waitlists decreased, respectively by 330 and 27 patients. The pancreas waitlist, however, increased by 24 patients since 2001. Heart, lung, and heart with lungs remained moderately stable. These trends are indicated in the Organ wait-list by organ for 2001 to 2010. Transplants from 2001 to 2010, however, indicated an increased trend by 275 operations in deceased and living kidney, kidney pancreas, deceased and living liver, heart and lung transplants. Heart with lung transplants remained stable. These trends are indicated in the Organ transplant by organ for 2001 to 2010. Looking at the statistics for Canada, one can see that there has been an increase in the number of people waiting for a transplant between 2009 and 2010, while between 2008 and 2009 there was a decrease in the number of people on the wait-list. Since 2008 there has been a steady increase of people receiving transplants. Comparing the number of transplants performed to the number of people waiting in 2010, there are twice as many people waiting then there is transplants being performed. This may be a sign of what is to come in future years. If the wait-list continues to increase at a faster rate than the number of transplants performed, the demand is not going to meet the supply. Trillium Gift of Life Network The Trillium Gift of Life Network is an agency of the Government of Ontario responsible for the province's organ donation strategy, promotion, and supply. Ronnie Gavsie is the current President & CEO. The agency maintains the popular BeADonor.ca website. Statistics can be a great way to see the reasons behind needing certain registries in a country. The following are statistics on the wait-list and the transplants performed in Canada in 2008, 2009, and 2010. The"
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"Pollack's rule Pollack's Rule states that microprocessor \"performance increase due to microarchitecture advances is roughly proportional to [the] square root of [the] increase in complexity\". This contrasts with power consumption increase, which is roughly linearly proportional to the increase in complexity. Complexity in this context means processor logic, i.e. its area. The rule, which is an industry term, is named for Fred Pollack, a lead engineer and fellow at Intel. Pollack's Rule gained increasing relevance in 2008 due to the broad adoption of multi-core computing and concern expressed by businesses and individuals at the huge electricity demands of computers. A generous interpretation of the rule allows for the case in which an ideal device could contain hundreds of low-complexity cores, each operating at very low power and together performing large amounts of (processing) work quickly. This describes a massively parallel processor array (MPPA), which is currently being used in embedded systems and hardware accelerators. According to Moore's law, each new technology generation doubles number of transistors. This increases their speed by 40%. On the other hand, Pollack's rule implies that microarchitecture advances improve the performance by another 40%. Therefore, the overall performance increase is roughly two-fold, while the power consumption stays the same. In practice, however, implementing new microarchitecture every new generation is difficult, so microarchitecture gains are typically less. Pollack's rule Pollack's Rule states that microprocessor \"performance increase due to microarchitecture advances is roughly proportional to [the] square root of [the] increase in complexity\". This contrasts with power consumption increase, which is roughly linearly proportional to the increase in complexity. Complexity in this context means processor logic, i.e. its area. The rule, which is an industry term, is named for Fred Pollack, a lead engineer and fellow at Intel. Pollack's Rule gained increasing relevance in 2008 due to the"
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"Joshua Lipsey Joshua Lipsey is a Canadian fitness expert, consultant and entrepreneur, best known for being the founder of Core Concepts. Lipsey was born on June 11, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He attended Sheridan College (Wyoming) and the Canadian Natural School of Nutrition. The former professional basketball player suffered a slipped disc in between seasons in Europe and recovered by working out while focusing on the core of the body. He has been featured on programs such as \"Extra\", \"Access Hollywood\", and \"Entertainment Tonight Canada\", along with being the first male trainer featured in \"Self\" magazine with Cat Deeley. Lipsey is a member of amfAR, along with being a Toronto International Film Festival Apprentice and donor. Lipsey started his playing career at Sheridan College in Wyoming before transferring to Morris College in New Jersey. There he received a medical redshirt and was recovering from injuries sustained in a car accident. After his recovery, he decided to become a professional player instead of returning to the college game. He played guard for SD Sadska in the Czech Republic and the Leicester Riders in the United Kingdom (2007-2008). Joshua Lipsey is the founder and director of Core Concepts Inc. At Core Concepts, Lipsey promotes a brand and athletic training method focusing on the core of the body. He has deemed this process as a 'transcoremation' through functional, dynamic, and holds that engage the abdominal muscles including the glutes, back and obliques, to ensure that every muscle is working toward establishing a strong and balanced core. Joshua Lipsey Joshua Lipsey is a Canadian fitness expert, consultant and entrepreneur, best known for being the founder of Core Concepts. Lipsey was born on June 11, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He attended Sheridan College (Wyoming) and the Canadian Natural School of Nutrition. The former"
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"Fidelis Gadzama Fidelis Gadzama (born October 20, 1979) is a Nigerian athlete and Olympic medalist. Gadzama was a part of the Nigerian team that received a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. The Nigerian team finished second behind the US team, which has later been formally disqualified from the 4x400 meters relay event at the 2000 Olympics by the International Olympic Committee, due to one of the team members' use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs while competing in Sydney. On 21 July 2012, the 2000 Olympics 4 × 400 m relay medals were reallocated after the USA team was stripped of the gold medal, meaning Gadzama and Nigeria are the gold medalists. In May 2014, he was elected as a Labour councillor for the Cannon Hill ward in the London Borough of Merton. Fidelis Gadzama Fidelis Gadzama (born October 20, 1979) is a Nigerian athlete and Olympic medalist. Gadzama was a part of the Nigerian team that received a silver medal in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. The Nigerian team finished second behind the US team, which has later been formally disqualified from the 4x400"
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"Hansen Yuncken Hansen Yuncken is a national Australian construction company, founded in 1918. The company claims to have completed over 4500 projects, and has managed the construction of several Australian landmark buildings. Since 2006, the company has specialised in sustainable architecture, completing Council House 2 in Melbourne, the world's first 6 star green building, K2 apartments, public housing in Windsor, Victoria and SA Water's headquarters in Adelaide. The company is engaged in the delivery of PPP projects across Australia, including NSW Schools I PPP, SA Police and Courts, Orange Hospital, Monash University School of Pharmacy PPP and NSW Schools II PPP and SA Super Schools. In August 2010, Hansen Yuncken was named Australia’s Private Business of the Year in BRW Magazine (Business Review Weekly), for companies with more than $100 million turnover. The company also ranked 27 on BRW’s 2010 list of Top 500 private companies in Australia. In 2010 Hansen Yuncken were working on $2.1 billion worth of projects. By March 2012, they had $3.3 billion worth of projects under management. Hansen Yuncken was founded in Melbourne, Australia in 1918 by Otto Yuncken and Lauritz Hansen. In 1925, the company opened a regional branch in Shepparton, Victoria. In 2006 it opened an office in Albury/Wodonga to service regional Victoria and Southern New South Wales. In 1937, Hansen Yuncken expanded into Hobart, Tasmania, then in 1939 an office in Adelaide, South Australia. The late 1960s saw the opening of its Northern Territory office. A permanent presence was maintained until 2000, at which time it was decided to target only the larger projects in the region. The company also operated an office in Queensland in the early 80s; in 2007 started in Cairns and in 2009 opened an office in Townsville. In 1989, the company commenced operations in New South Wales, initially in joint venture, but now operating in its own right. In 2006 Hansen and Yuncken opened an office in Newcastle to serve the Hunter Region. In 2010 the grandson of Lauritz Hansen, Peter, announced his retirement as chairman of the company. Peter Hansen's son Richard was due to take on a greater management role. Hansen and Yuncken has completed numerous landmark buildings across Australia, including: Hansen Yuncken Hansen Yuncken is a national Australian construction company, founded in 1918. The company claims to have completed over 4500 projects, and has managed the construction of several Australian landmark buildings. Since 2006,"
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"Danny O'Brien (gridiron football) Daniel Matthew O'Brien (born September 26, 1990) is an American gridiron football quarterback who is currently a member of the Edmonton Eskimos. O'Brien was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and at the age of 12, moved to Kernersville, North Carolina, where he attended East Forsyth High School. During his interscholastic career, he played basketball and football as a quarterback. As a junior in 2007, he completed 151 of 248 pass attempts for 1,905 yards and 15 touchdowns and rushed for 290 yards and seven touchdowns. As a senior, he completed 117 of 235 pass attempts for 1,640 yards and 16 touchdowns and six interceptions and had 160 rushing attempts for 780 yards and 11 touchdowns. That season, he led his team to the Metro 4A conference championship and the third round of the state playoffs. Rivals.com rated him a three-star college prospect and ranked him the 36th best quarterback in the nation and 35th best player in the state of North Carolina. Scout.com also rated him a three-star prospect. Miami, North Carolina, North Carolina State, Notre Dame, Wake Forest, and Virginia Tech showed interest in O'Brien, and Duke, East Carolina, and Maryland offered him an athletic scholarship. O'Brien enrolled at the University of Maryland in the fall of 2009 but was \"redshirted\" and did not see playing time that year. O'Brien entered the 2010 season as the backup quarterback behind Jamarr Robinson. He saw his first action in the season opener against Navy, losing a fumble on his only play of the game. In the second game of the season, O'Brien saw his first serious action against Morgan State. Up 24–0 in the second quarter, O'Brien capitalized by throwing 3 touchdowns in his first four passes before giving way to third string Quarterback, C.J. Brown in the 62–3 win. Against West Virginia, O'Brien again only saw one play of action, getting sacked for a five-yard loss. Robinson's sore arm moved O'Brien into the starting role against Florida International. In the first start of his college career, O'Brien passed for 250 yards and two touchdowns with no interceptions. O'Brien shattered all significant Freshman quarterback records at the University of Maryland, passing for 2,438 yards and 22 touchdowns. In addition, he rushed for a twelve-yard touchdown against Virginia and collected a four-yard touchdown reception against Clemson. During the 2010 season, the Atlantic Coast Conference named O'Brien the ACC Rookie of the Week a total of five times. Upon the conclusion of the season, he was named the ACC Rookie of the Year. O'Brien was the first Maryland player to ever receive the honor. The Football Writers Association of America named O'Brien to its Freshman All-America team. On February 13, 2012, O'Brien announced he would be transferring from the University of Maryland. O'Brien announced on March 28 that he would transfer to the University of Wisconsin, and on August 20 he was named the starter for Wisconsin's season opener against the Northern Iowa Panthers. On September 20, Wisconsin head coach Bret Bielema replaced O'Brien with redshirt freshman Joel Stave, citing problems with turnovers. After Stave suffered a season-ending injury during the October 27 game against the Michigan State Spartans, O'Brien remained the backup behind fifth-year senior Curt Phillips. On June 10, 2013, it was announced that O'Brien would not be returning to Wisconsin and would instead seek another school for his remaining year of eligibility. It was later announced that O'Brien transferred to Catawba College. During his 2013 season with Catawba, O'Brien started ten games while passing for 2,490 yards with 15 touchdowns and six interceptions. The team finished with a 6–5 record. O'Brien also played in the 2014 Medal of Honor Bowl, a postseason all-star game, passing for 87 yards (5-for-11) and rushing for a touchdown. After being undrafted in 2014, he was offered a tryout at rookie minicamp with the Atlanta Falcons. O'Brien was not signed, however. On May 27, 2014, O'Brien signed with the Columbus Lions of the Professional Indoor Football League (PIFL). On the day before his first game for the Lions, O'Brien signed with the Ottawa Redblacks of the CFL on May 31, 2014. O'Brien was placed on the exempt list for the PIFL, and began the season as the third QB on the RedBlacks depth chart. A season-ending injury to second-string quarterback Thomas DeMarco allowed O'Brien to see action during the 2014 CFL season. Danny O'Brien played in 8 games in his first season in the CFL, receiving significant playing time in 2 of those games. He would finish the season completing 29 of 54 passing attempts for 421 yards, with 2 touchdowns and 5 interceptions (53.1 passer rating). After winning the Grey Cup with the Redblacks in 2016, O'Brien signed with Edmonton for the 2017 CFL season, reuniting him with former offensive coordinator and Edmonton Head Coach Jason Maas, and replacing the retired Jordan Lynch as the third quarterback, as well as holder for convert kicks and fieldgoals. On August 11, 2018, O'Brien completed his first pass in nearly two years, on a fake field goal to defensive tackle Almondo Sewell. Terps' Danny O'Brien transferring Danny O'Brien (gridiron football) Daniel Matthew O'Brien (born September 26, 1990) is an American gridiron football quarterback who is currently a member of the Edmonton Eskimos. O'Brien was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and at the age of 12, moved to Kernersville, North Carolina, where he attended East Forsyth"
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"Ocosta Elementary School Ocosta Elementary School is a public elementary school in Westport, Washington, operated by the Ocosta School District. Part of the original elementary school was replaced in 2016 with a new facility featuring the first public tsunami refuge to be constructed in the United States, located atop the gym, above sea level. The school district originally used a round building on the current campus built in 1967 and demolished in 2014. The elementary school was split from the junior/senior high school in the 1980s, and later expanded with new wings. On April 23, 2013, a $13.8 million bond issue was approved by 70 percent of voters to fund the construction of a new elementary school with modern features, including a tsunami shelter. The school district broke ground on the project in January 2015, and was dedicated on June 11, 2016. The school moved classes into the new addition during the fall of 2016. As of the 2014–15 school year, Ocosta Elementary School has an enrollment of 328 students and a 26-member faculty. The school consists of three buildings, connected by covered passageways. The main building, underneath the tsunami shelter, has 23 classrooms and houses the administrative offices and gym. The new addition was designed by TCF Architecture of Tacoma, Washington, and engineered by Degenkolb Engineers of Seattle. The gymnasium's interior includes historic photographs of the region and finishes resembling beach glass, sea grass, cranberry bogs and a compass rose furnished by local artisans. In the event of a Cascadia subduction zone earthquake off the Washington coast, evacuation from the vicinity of the school would be by vehicle on single-lane State Route 105 and would have to get all the children to safety off the low-lying peninsula within a 30-minute window between National Tsunami Warning Center's alert and the arrival of a tsunami. Realistic travel time to high ground in an emergency has been estimated to be around 100 minutes, more than three times as long as the margin of safety. To provide for vertical evacuation instead, the school's tsunami shelter is located on the roof of the gym, elevated above sea level to withstand surges that would follow such an earthquake. The gym is accessible via four staircases, including one from the outside, designed to be wide for quicker evacuation and built with thick concrete and steel rebar. The shelter is designed to accommodate the students and staff of both the elementary school and the adjoining junior–senior high school, a total of 700 people, with room for some members of the public; the total capacity is estimated to be between 1,000 and 2,000 people. The building and shelter are secured to the ground by 169 pilings driven into the ground. It is rated to withstand a 9.2-magnitude earthquake (which would be one of the largest ever recorded) and has a parapet to shield against tsunami surges. The pilings, which form the main structure for the shelter, were considered a cost-effective way to build new tsunami-resistant shelters; the shelter only added 20 percent to the Ocosta Elementary School's $13 million construction budget. Concrete and steel were chosen as the building's main structural materials after observations made during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, where concrete buildings were the least damaged. Ocosta Elementary School Ocosta Elementary School is a public elementary school in Westport, Washington, operated by the Ocosta School District. Part of the original elementary school was replaced in 2016 with a new facility featuring the first public tsunami refuge to be constructed in the United States, located atop the gym, above sea level. The school district originally used"
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"Viva la Dolce Vita Viva la Dolce Vita is an album by Italian baritone Patrizio Buanne, which was released on April 17, 2015 in Australia. It entered the Australian pop albums chart the next week at No. 44, later peaking at No. 33 and additionally peaking at No. 1 on the Australian ARIA Classical/Crossover Albums Chart. The album includes an Italian version of the Charlie Chaplin song \"Smile\" as well as an English/Italian version of the Elvis Presley song \"Surrender\", original compositions such as \"I Will Love You\" and popular Italian songs such as \"Gli Occhi Miei\". Buanne promoted the album on several TV shows in Australia, such as \"The Morning Show\", where he performed the song \"I Will Love You\" and on TVSN, which sold signed copies of the albums via television. Viva la Dolce Vita Viva la Dolce Vita is an album by Italian baritone Patrizio Buanne, which was released on April 17, 2015 in Australia. It entered the Australian pop albums chart the next week at No. 44, later peaking at No. 33 and additionally peaking at No. 1 on the Australian ARIA Classical/Crossover Albums Chart. The album includes an Italian version of the Charlie Chaplin song"
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"James S. Smart James Stevenson Smart (June 14, 1842 – September 17, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 14, 1842, Smart moved with his parents to Coila, part of Cambridge, Washington County, New York, in 1849. He attended Cambridge Academy and Union College in Schenectady, and graduated from Jefferson College (now Washington & Jefferson College) in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania in 1863. While in college, Smart became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Smart entered the Union Army in January 1864 as First Lieutenant in the 16th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment. He was promoted to Captain and commander of the regiment's Company K. The regiment took part in action in Virginia and North Carolina, including the Second Battle of Fort Fisher and he served until after the war, receiving his discharge in August 1865. Smart was a newspaper writer and editor, and became publisher of the Washington County Post. He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third Congress (March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1875). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1874. For many years Smart was a member of the New York Republican State Committee's central committee, and he was a Delegate to several Republican National Conventions. In 1883 he was appointed federal Collector of Internal Revenue for New York's northern district, and he served until 1885, when he was succeeded by Samuel Tilden, Jr., the nephew of Samuel J. Tilden. He died in Cambridge on September 17, 1903. He was interred in Cambridge's Woodland Cemetery, Section G, Lot 50. James S. Smart James Stevenson Smart (June 14, 1842 – September 17, 1903) was a U.S. Representative from New York. Born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 14, 1842, Smart moved with his parents to Coila, part of Cambridge,"
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"Joshua Lutz Joshua Lutz (Born July 18, 1975) is an American artist working with large-format photography and with video. His work has been described as \"tender,\" \"sad,\" \"poignant,\" and being \"a triumph of storytelling. Lutz was given his first solo exhibition at Gitterman Gallery during the summer of 2004. In 2008 Lutz's first book, \"Meadowlands\", was published with powerHouse Books. In essayist Robert Sullivan's introduction to the book he describes the \"Meadowlands\" as “… that giant swath of swamp and space that separates New Jersey from New York City, or, put another way, from New York City and the rest of the United States of America.” The \"New Yorker\" wrote \"Joshua Lutz takes the \"New Topographics of\" \"Adams\", \"Shore\", and \"Sternfeld\" into its current era of urban sprawl.” In the fall of 2008 Lutz had a solo exhibition for the \"Meadowlands\" series at ClampArt Gallery in New York City. After the release of \"Meadowlands\" in 2009, Lutz was interviewed for this series, which was collected and shot over a period of ten years, by Jörg Colberg for the contemporary-photography webzine Contientious Extended. Lutz also received a podcast feature from Daylight Magazine. A 2012 interview with Lutz for his second book \"Hestating Beauty\" was aired on NPR radio. 2013 saw the release of \"Hesitating Beauty\". A series of photographs revealing a different side of Lutz's photography, it tells an extremely personal story of his mother. The book's narrative also carefully and thoughtfully encompassed the generally sensitive topic of mental illness. In April 2013 Lutz's representing gallery ClampArt Gallery released a press release for \"Hesitating Beauty\". Gary Heiss, Photographer. Joshua Lutz Joshua Lutz (Born July 18, 1975) is an American artist working with large-format photography and with video. His work has been described as \"tender,\" \"sad,\" \"poignant,\" and being \"a triumph of"
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"Thelma (1910 film) Thelma is a 1910 American silent short drama film produced by the Thanhouser Company. The story was based on Marie Corelli's 1887 novel of the same name, it focuses on a Norwegian maiden who meets Sir Phillip and the two are wed. Lady Clara conspires to ruin the marriage and tricks Thelma with a letter purported to be from her husband. Thelma returns to Norway and to the death of her father. Thelma, alone in the world, prays at her mother's grave for strength. Sir Phillip searches for Thelma, ultimately finding her, uncovers the tricks which have been played on them and they fall back in love. Released on June 21, 1910, the film was met with praise in \"The Moving Picture World\". An incomplete print of the film survives in the Library of Congress archives. Though the film is presumed lost, a surviving synopsis was published in \"The Moving Picture World\" on June 25, 1910. It states: \"Thelma is a simple Norwegian maiden living alone with her father in the land of the midnight sun. Her father is one of the few remaining Vikings, famous in history. As such he is held in great reverence by his servants, who consider him somewhat in the nature of a king, and his daughter a princess. Outside of the years spent at school, Thelma has spent nearly all her time alone, her mother having died when she was a baby. When on a visit to her mother's grave, Thelma meets Sir Philip Errington, a distinguished young Englishman, who is touring Norway in his private yacht. Sir Philip is instantly attracted to her and, obtaining information as to where she lives, presents himself to Olaf, the Viking, and is finally admitted to his friendship and that of his daughter. Sir Philip woos and wins the fair Thelma for his bride, and with her sails back to England. In London, Thelma at once creates a favorable impression and is cordially welcomed by all of Sir Philip's friends, who comprise the nobility and aristocracy of the metropolis. Lady Clara, alone, of all Sir Philip's old friends, wishes Thelma harm. She has long felt an affection for Sir Phillip, and resents the fact that he spurned her love and chose his bride in far-off Norway. This wicked and designing woman determines to wreck Thelma's happiness, and force her to leave England. This she contrives to do, in making Thelma believe that Sir Philip no longer loves her, but that in truth his heart belongs to Lady Clara. As proof of her statement she shows Thelma a letter written to her by Sir Philip in which he pleads the cause of his friend, who is in love with Lady Clara, and wishes her to become his wife. This Lady Clara claims is a love letter written by Sir Philip to her. Thelma, heartbroken, believing she has lost her husband's love, returns to Norway, just as her father, the Viking, breathes his last. She, with his faithful followers, complies with his last wishes, which are that he shall be buried as his forefathers were before him – sent out to sea in his burning ship. This form of burial had been that accorded to all Vikings for centuries past. After straining her eyes for a final look at the departing ship, Thelma retraces her steps to her mother's grave, and there, feeling that she is absolutely alone, prays for the strength to live. Here in a rocky dell before the tomb of her mother, where first she met the man who won her heart, Sir Philip again finds Thelma. A few words suffice to show her how she has been tricked, and a fervent protestation of his love convinces her that she still has a place in his heart. In Sir Philip's arms she finds comfort for the loss of her father; she starts out bravely to again face the world, now sure of his unending love.\" Thelma is a film adaptation of the 1887 novel of the same name. It was written under the pen name Marie Corelli by Mary Mackay. During the era, her novels were so well-known that some reviewers did not need to include a summary of the plot of the film to reader. A brief review in \"The Moving Picture World\" went so far as to say, \"Practically everybody has read the novel, hence no long explanation is required.\" Film historian Q. David Bowers, states, \"Although present-day scholars consider her works to be of no serious literary importance, she is remembered by the science-fiction world for her vivacious imagination and her \"scientific discoveries,\" including interstellar travel via personal electricity. Her writings were known in her time for sublimated sex, fervent religiosity, and far-fetched fantasy.\" The writer of the scenario is unknown, but it was most likely Lloyd Lonergan. Lonergan was an experienced newspaperman employed by \"The New York Evening World\" while writing scripts for the Thanhouser productions. He was the most important script writer for Thanhouser, averaging 200 scripts a year from 1910 to 1915. The film director is unknown, but it may have been Barry O'Neil. \"The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film\" assigns Theodore Marston as the director this film, but this would seem to be in error. The apparent origin of this error is from the \"American Film-Index 1908–1915\". Bowers consulted one of the co-authors of the book, Gunnar Lundquist, and confirmed that the credit of Marston was in error. Theodore Marston worked with Pathé, Kinemacolor, Vitagraph and other companies, but there is no record of Marston working with Thanhouser. Bowers does not attribute a cameraman for this production, but two possible candidates exist. Blair Smith was the first cameraman of the Thanhouser company, but he was soon joined by Carl Louis Gregory who had years of experience as a still and motion picture photographer. The role of the cameraman was uncredited in 1910 productions. Cast in the role of Thelma was Anna Rosemond, one of two leading ladies, of the Thanhouser Company at the time. The more minor role of Sir Philip Errington was played by Frank H. Crane, who acted in numerous productions before becoming a director at Thanhouser. The conspiring Lady Clara Ashley was played by Yvonne Marvin, an actress that Bowers cites as her first and only known credit with Thanhouser. The role of Thelma's father was played by Alphonse Ethier, a stage actor who had intermittent credited appearances in Thanhouser productions. The single reel drama, approximately 1000 feet long, was released on June 21, 1910. A review in \"The Moving Picture World\" praised the film by stating, \"The picture is admirably staged and acted and maintains the interest from beginning to end. Of course the picture does not contain the detail of the novel, but it is a distinct improvement upon the play. It deserves a long run.\" Identifying the theaters in which the film was show is made difficult by the number of \"Thelma\" plays and later Selig Polyscope's own version of \"Thelma\" which appeared in 1911. The popularity of the play predates the film adaptation by Thanhouser, one of the troupes to perform the play in 1910 were the Preston & Brickett Majestic Players. Once the Selig film was released, the two productions were often not distinguished in advertisements. One of the last known advertisements, conclusively for the Thanhouser production, was in 1913. An incomplete 35 mm print of the film survives in the Library of Congress archives. This print is missing the main title, credits, and likely the conclusion of the film. Only the funeral scene shows red film tinting. Thelma (1910 film) Thelma is a 1910 American silent short drama film produced by the Thanhouser Company. The story was based on Marie Corelli's 1887 novel of the"
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"Macro key A Macro key is a key that was featured on various early PC keyboards, and has been removed from most keyboards since. It is typically found on the lower rows of the keyboard, either to the left of the key or to the right of the right . While most keyboard layouts treat it as a backslash, it has a different scan code, so keyboard layouts or programs use the scan code directly, or they can choose to handle it differently. On many new, top-of-the-line, computer mice, there are built-in macro keys. These mice often come with a software specifically designed to fit the needs of that mouse. These keys are sometimes used by gamers as rapid-fire buttons, for an edge over the opponent. Simply put, the gaming macro key is a recording of a series of key sequences. A key sequence is a series of keyboard keystrokes, mouse actions, or menu actions that is bound to a command. The macro key can also be used to conveniently launch a program. Macro key A Macro key is a key that was featured on various early PC keyboards, and has been removed from most keyboards since. It is typically"
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"2013–14 Copa Chile The 2013–14 Copa Chile, (officially known as \"Copa Chile MTS 2013/14\" because of its sponsorship), is the 36th edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national cup tournament. The competition started on June 23, 2013 with the First Round and concludes on 2014 with the Final. The winner qualifies for the 2014 Copa Sudamericana and the 2014 Supercopa de Chile. A total 32 clubs were accepted for the competition. For this edition the teams are from the Primera División and Primera B, only. On this round every team plays home and away against every other team in its group. The best 2 teams from each group advance to the next round. 2013–14 Copa Chile The 2013–14 Copa Chile, (officially known as \"Copa Chile MTS 2013/14\" because of its sponsorship), is the 36th edition of the Copa Chile, the country's national cup tournament. The competition started on June 23, 2013 with the First Round and concludes on 2014 with the Final. The winner qualifies for the 2014 Copa Sudamericana and the 2014 Supercopa de Chile. A total 32 clubs were accepted for the competition. For this edition the teams are from the Primera División and Primera B, only."
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"Korab (mountain) Mount Korab (; , \"Golem Korab\") is the highest peak of the eponymous fourth highest mountain in the entire Balkan Peninsula, standing at . The summit of the Korab mountain range in the Albanian-Macedonian border, Korab is the highest peak of Albania and the Republic of Macedonia and also one of only two summits in Europe, which are the highest point for more than one country. The Korab is also the 18th most prominent mountain peak in the European continent and the third on the Balkan Peninsula. Korab is situated within the Korab-Koritnik Nature Park. It is noted for its rich flora, including species such as Bosnian pine, European beech, Coppicing forest, and Alder forest. The peak lies adjacent to the Šar Mountains. Mount Korab is also pictured in the coat of arms of the Republic of Macedonia. The Korab range stretches over in a north-south direction between the lower section of the Black Drin and its tributary Radika. It is located around the border triangle of Albania, Macedonia and Kosovo, southwest of the Šar Mountains. The peak is a very rugged mountain massif and consists mainly of shale and limestone of the Paleozoic period with block structures, as well as severely damaged gypsum rocks of Permo Triassic. On the west side, the mountain falls steeply over rock walls. The north side consists of craggy rocks. A kind of double peak, that of Korab II is about northwest of the peak within Albanian territory. On the same ridge are two other peaks rising over such as Shulani i Radomires and Korab III. The southeast, stretching from a few rock bands broken meadows to the summit is accessed by very simply, and occasionally by shepherds with their flocks of sheep. In addition to the Korab peak, there are several other, almost equally high elevations. North of the twin peaks are numerous other nameless, almost equally high rock towers. The peak located about southwest, Korab-gate \"(Albanian: Maja e Portës së Korabit; Macedonian: Korapska Mala vrata)\" reaches . A few hundred yards south is another peak Maja e Moravës, which is only a little lower at . The peaks are occasionally ruptured by radial tectonics in the shape of blocks that end in the Radika Valley on the Republic of Macedonian side. These blocks occasionally have steep slopes that reach up to . In its highest part, above , the climate is alpine and includes some alpine flora elements. The mountain is home to spectacular Korab Falls in the upper valley of the Dlaboka River. During spring time, the waterfall reaches a height of over 130 meters, which makes it the highest in Macedonia. The state border intersects the higher peak, Great Korab. Ascent from the Macedonian side involves entering the Republic of Macedonian-Albanian boundary area, for which a special permit is required from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia, although people regularly track on Korab without it. The two main passes in the Korab ridge include the Little Korab Gate and Big Korab Gate The mountain has a number of sub-peaks that are higher than 2000 metres. These include Korab II (unnamed peak) , Korab III (unnamed peak) , Korab Gates (peak) , Maja e Moravës , Shulani i Radomirës and Small Korab . There are no formal restrictions on climbing the mountain from the Albanian side. The area is now safer and more stable than it has been in recent times. It is possible to drive as far as the local village of Radomira, but the local infrastructure is generally not good. A four-wheel drive vehicle with high clearance may be required. There are no accurate and up to date maps, local signposting is poor, and hikers may have to overcome the additional problem of aggressive dogs. An international expedition to climb Mount Korab is organized each September by the mountain club PSD \"Korab\" in Skopje. Korab (mountain) Mount Korab (; , \"Golem Korab\") is the highest peak of the eponymous fourth highest mountain in the entire Balkan Peninsula, standing at . The summit of the Korab mountain range in the Albanian-Macedonian border, Korab is the highest peak of Albania and the Republic of Macedonia"
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"1981–82 Yugoslav First League The 1981–82 Yugoslav First League season was the 36th season of the First Federal League (), the top level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. The season began on 26 July 1981 and ended on 2 May 1982. Dinamo Zagreb led by Miroslav Blažević won their fourth title five points ahead of previous season's champions Red Star. A total of eighteen teams contested the league, including sixteen sides from the 1980–81 season and two sides promoted from the 1980–81 Yugoslav Second League (YSL) as winners of the two second level divisions East and West. The league was contested in a double round robin format, with each club playing every other club twice, for a total of 34 rounds. Two points were awarded for wins and one point for draws. Borac Banja Luka and Napredak Kruševac were relegated from the 1980–81 Yugoslav First League after finishing the season in bottom two places of the league table. The two clubs promoted to top level were Osijek and Teteks Tetovo. Champions: players (league matches/league goals):<br> Marko Mlinarić (33/2)<br> Marijan Vlak (32/0)<br> Snježan Cerin (31/19)<br> Petar Bručić (31/2)<br> Dragan Bošnjak (30/2)<br> Džemal Mustedanagić (29/0)<br> Velimir Zajec (28/1)<br> Zvjezdan Cvetković (26/3)<br> Milivoj Bračun (26/0)<br> Stjepan Deverić (25/11)<br> Zoran Panić (23/8)<br> Zlatko Kranjčar (17/12) <br> Ismet Hadžić (16/0) <br> Emil Dragičević (15/1)<br> Zlatan Arnautović (9/4)<br> Borislav Cvetković (9/1) <br> Željko Hohnjec (9/1)<br> Marin Kurtela (6/0)<br> Drago Dumbović (6/0)<br> Milan Ćalasan (4/0)<br> Zvonko Marić (3/0)<br> Branko Devčić (3/0)<br> Mladen Munjaković (3/0)<br> Radimir Bobinac (2/0)<br> Davor Braun (2/0)<br> Čedomir Jovičević (1/0)<br> Edward Krnčević (1/0) 1981–82 Yugoslav First League The 1981–82 Yugoslav First League season was the 36th season of the First Federal League (), the top level association football competition of SFR Yugoslavia, since its establishment in 1946. The"
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"Brian Dumoulin Brian Joseph Dumoulin (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). Dumoulin was selected by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2nd round (51st overall) of the 2009 NHL Entry Draft. Dumoulin played hockey for Biddeford High School before playing for the Boston College Eagles men's ice hockey team which competed in the NCAA's Division I in the Hockey East conference. Brian won the 2012 National Championship in Tampa, Florida in April 2012. On April 10, 2012, the Carolina Hurricanes, who had drafted him 51st overall in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, signed Dumoulin to an entry-level contract. On June 22, 2012, Dumoulin was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins, along with Brandon Sutter and the 8th overall selection (Derrick Pouliot) in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft, for center Jordan Staal. In the 2013–14 season, Dumoulin made his NHL debut in a December 14, 2013 game against the Detroit Red Wings. He scored his first NHL point on an assist in a game on December 16, 2013, against netminder Jonathan Bernier of the Toronto Maple Leafs. During the 2014–15 season, Dumoulin scored his first NHL goal against Evgeni Nabokov of the Tampa Bay Lightning, on December 15, 2014. He signed a two year contract with the Penguins on July 9, 2015. During the 2015-16 season, Dumoulin scored his first NHL playoff goal against Andrei Vasilevskiy of the Tampa Bay Lightning, on May 22, 2016. Dumoulin scored his second NHL playoff goal in the 2016 Stanley Cup Finals clinching game 6 against the San Jose Sharks, on June 12, 2016. With a 3–1 win over the San Jose Sharks, Biddeford-born Dumoulin became the first Maine-born NHL player to hoist the Stanley Cup. During the 2016–17 season, Dumoulin sustained a broken jaw which kept him out of any games for several weeks. On April 4, 2017, Dumolin scored his first goal in 151 regular season games against Sergei Bobrovsky of the Columbus Blue Jackets in a 4–1 win. He won his second Stanley Cup with the Penguins on June 11, 2017. On July 24, 2017, the Penguins re-signed Dumoulin to a six-year, $24.6 million contract worth $4.1 million annually. Brian Dumoulin Brian Joseph Dumoulin (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman. He is currently playing with the Pittsburgh Penguins of the"
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"Castine Historic District The Castine Historic District encompasses the entire southern tip of the peninsula on which the town of Castine, Maine is located. Covering about , this area was a center of colonial conflicts dating to the early 17th century, and was the site of military action during the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Bypassed by the railroads, it has retained a village feel reminiscent of the early 19th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Castine is located at the mouth of the Bagaduce River, where it empties into Penobscot Bay, in the center of coastal Maine. This area, first known as \"Pentagoet\" and \"Majabigwaduce\", was the site of a French trading post established in the early 17th century. Its presence was disputed by English colonists, and it was seized by the Plymouth Colony around 1630. It changed hands a number of times in the 17th century, falling firmly under French control by the 1670s under the leadership of Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin, for whom the town is named. After the English capture of Castin's son in 1725, the French abandoned the settlement, and it was resettled by British colonists from the Province of Massachusetts Bay in 1760. In the American Revolutionary War Castine became the scene of further conflict. The peninsula was seized and fortified by British forces in 1779, and Massachusetts raised a military force in response to dispute the occupation. This led to the disastrous Penobscot Expedition, which resulted in the destruction of the entire Massachusetts fleet, including the scuttling of ships in the Castine area. British forces again occupied Castine in 1814, during the War of 1812. After the War of 1812, Castine's maritime economy flourished, resulting in the construction of a number of fine Federal style buildings in the town. Due to its remote location with respect to land transportation, the town declined when railroads became a dominant form of transportation, and the sailing ship was replaced by steamers. Its economy was bolstered by the presence of a normal school, whose campus was taken over in 1942 by the Maine Maritime Academy. Architecturally, the community is dominated by Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival buildings, built before 1860. There are a small number of later Victorian summer houses. The remnants of British and American fortifications are also a significant presence in the community, as is the 1829 Dice Head Light at the southwestern tip of the peninsula. Castine Historic District The Castine Historic District encompasses the entire southern tip of the peninsula on which the town of Castine, Maine is located. Covering about , this area was a center of colonial conflicts dating to the early 17th century, and was the site of military action during the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Bypassed by the railroads, it has retained a village feel reminiscent of the early 19th century. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Castine is"
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"Blydell Martin Blydell Martin was born in Gardena, California and raised in Kansas City, Missouri. He was the winner of the 2010 National Radio Talent contest hosted by KPRS Hot 103 Jamz in Kansas City and has since toured with artists such as Nelly, Fat Joe, and Lil Jon. Since the release of his second album, 20-N-2 The Mix Tape (in which 20 songs were written and recorded in two weeks), he has worked full time for Title Boxing and instructs boxing classes in Olathe, KS. He was the Golden Gloves champion in 2001, a Golden Gloves finalist in 2004 and won the Missouri State Heavyweight championship in 2002. Blydell Martin Blydell Martin was born in Gardena, California and raised in Kansas City, Missouri. He was the winner of the 2010 National Radio Talent contest hosted by KPRS Hot 103 Jamz in Kansas City and has since toured with artists such as Nelly, Fat Joe, and Lil Jon. Since the release of his second album, 20-N-2 The Mix Tape (in which 20 songs were written and recorded in two weeks), he has worked full time for Title Boxing and instructs boxing classes in Olathe, KS. He was the Golden Gloves"
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"Battle of Lyubar The Battle of Lyubar or battle of Lubar took place on 14–27 September 1660 near Lyubar, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), between the forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (allied with the Tatars) and Tsardom of Russia (allied with the Cossacks). It was the first battle of the 1660 campaign in the south. It ended with a Polish victory. The Russian army retreated and was subsequently destroyed during the battle of Chudniv. In July 1660, Tsar Alexis I of Russia ordered Vasily Sheremetev to resume the sporadic Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) and push the Poles west, taking Lviv and securing disputed Ukrainian territories for Russia. In September 1660, the commander of the Russian army, Sheremetev, acting on misleading information that greatly underestimated the numerical strength of the Polish army decided to seek out and destroy the Polish forces with what he believed would be overwhelming strength (15,000 Russian soldiers and 15,000–35,000 of his Cossack allies). Sheremetev's major tactical error was to advance relying on outdated and sparse intelligence reports, and without adequate scouting. He expected only a weak army of 10,000 (in fact, it numbered only about 7,000) under Great Crown Hetman Stanisław \"Rewera\" Potocki and was unaware it was soon to be reinforced by about 12,000 men under Field Crown Hetman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski who recently defeated a Russian army in Lithuania. The Polish commanders Hetmans Potocki and Lubomirski had much better intelligence (they were also aided by Ivan Vyhovsky spy network) and quickly became aware of Sheremetev's error. Polish historian Łossowski notes that \"while Sheremetev's advanced blindly, the Polish hetmans knew almost everything about his army and moves\". They decided to engage his forces before he could be reinforced by his Cossack allies. Part of the Cossacks (about 15,000 under Timofey Tsetsura (Pol: Tymofiej Cieciura)) were to stay with Sheremetev's corps, and another part (about 20,000 under Yurii Khmelnytsky), according to Sheremetev's plan were to intercept and defeat the 12,000 strong Tatars from the Crimean Khanate under nuradyn-sultan Safer Giray (of whose coming to Polish aid Sheremetev was aware). However, Khmelnytsky failed to stop the Tatars and most of the Tatar forces slipped past him around middle of August. Further, the Cossack's leader, Yurii Khmelnytsky, was increasingly at odds with Sheremetev (who favored Tsetsura over Khmelnytsky, and who refused to promise Khmelnytsky any loot from the upcoming battles), and was in no hurry to execute Sheremetev's orders or stick to his plan. The Tatars met Potocki's forces on 1 September, and they in turn met with Lubomirski on 7 September, while Khmelnytsky was still far from Sheremetev's army. The combined Polish army (not counting 12,000 Tatars and 1,500 Cossacks under Vyhovsky) numbered about 27,000 (including about 700 Winged Hussars, 8,000 pancerni, 3500 light cavalry, 1,500 raitars, 5,000 dragoons, and 10,000 infantry). Sheremetev troops (not counting about 15,000 Cossacks under Tsetsura) numbered 18,000 (including 4500 Russian traditional cavalry, 5,500 raitars, 3,500 dragoons, 3,000 foreign infantry and 1,000 streltsy). The Russian army was surprised near Lyubar on 14 September and Sheremetev's vanguard was wiped out. Sheremetev, who had up until then failed to send out a single scouting party, suddenly realized what was to be an easy victory was a death trap and decided to take a defensive position in a fortified camp. The numerical superiority of the Polish forces, a lack of supplies and several minor defeats convinced him to break away on 26 September. At first the plan succeeded but the Polish forces caught up with the Russian army during its crossing of the Iber river and subsequently captured or destroyed a significant portion of the remaining Russian artillery and supplies. The Polish forces caught up again with the Russians on 27 September near Chudniv (Cudnów. At that point, the Russian and Cossack armies had lost about 1,000 troops and the Poles, about 100 (not counting the wounded). Sheremetev received a minor reinforcement by attaching Chudniv's garrison (about 1,000 troops) to his main army. However, with no further reinforcements, Sheremetev suffered a major defeat at the ensuing Battle of Chudniv. Battle of Lyubar The Battle of Lyubar or battle of Lubar took place on 14–27 September 1660 near Lyubar, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), between the forces"
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"Air Force Institute of Technology The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is a graduate school and provider of professional and continuing education for the United States Armed Forces and is part of the United States Air Force. It is located in Ohio at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton. AFIT is a component of the Air University and Air Education and Training Command. Founded in 1919 and degree-granting since 1954, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is the Air Force's graduate school of engineering and management as well as its institution for technical professional continuing education. AFIT is located at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), Dayton, Ohio. Dayton's heritage and industrial base in aeronautics and aviation, coupled with the close proximity to the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the National Air and Space Intelligence Center (NASIC) provide a scientific and engineering research and educational experience focused on producing future leaders of the Air Force. A component of Air University and Air Education and Training Command, its primary purpose is to provide specialized education to select officer and enlisted U.S. military personnel and civilian employees. The United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs is the undergraduate counterpart of AFIT for the Air Force. On 8 May 2012, AFIT formally welcomed its first civilian director and chancellor during an appointment of leadership ceremony. Dr. Todd Stewart served for 34 years with the U.S. Air Force, retiring in 2002 at the rank of major general. On 28 January 2015, AFIT welcomed its first Provost and Vice Chancellor Dr. Sivaguru S. Sritharan former Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences at the Naval Postgraduate School. AFIT's four schools include: AFIT has seven research centers funded by a number of federal agencies with interdisciplinary scope and international footprint representing a number of game changing scientific areas for the United States Air Force and the Department of Defense: AFIT’s Graduate School of Engineering and Management is a graduate-only, research–based institution and the sole degree-granting element of AFIT. The Graduate School focuses on studies and research that are relevant to the Air Force mission as well as the needs of the defense establishment as a whole. AFIT's Aeronautics & Astronautics Department has graduated nine U. S. astronauts including Guy Bluford (Ph.D. 1978), first African-American astronaut. Since resident degrees were first granted in 1955, more than 19,316 graduate and 832 doctor of philosophy degrees have been awarded. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) enrolls over 700 full-time graduate students. The student body consists primarily of Air Force officers, but is rounded out by members of the other four U.S. Armed Services, select enlisted Airmen, international students from coalition countries, U.S. Government civilians, and civilians (U.S. citizens) not affiliated with the Government. Selection of officers for graduate education is fully funded by their service and is based upon outstanding professional performance as an officer, promotion potential, and a strong academic background. Admission of non-Government affiliated civilians is based on academic preparation and requires U.S. citizenship. A substantial number of AFIT graduates are assigned to AFRL and NASIC upon graduation from AFIT. Many of the AFIT student thesis projects are influenced directly or indirectly by AFRL, NASIC, NRO and other Air Force and defense agencies. The faculty body consists of approximately a 50–50 mix of military and civilian members all of whom hold a Ph.D. in their fields. The faculty to student ratio is typically 1 to 6 in the master's degree programs. AFIT is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, 30 North LaSalle Street, Suite 2400, Chicago, Illinois 60602-2504 to offer degrees to the doctorate level. Eight engineering programs in the Graduate School of Engineering and Management are accredited at the advanced level by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The Institute operates year-round on a quarter calendar which includes the Fall, Winter, Spring, and Summer terms. The quarters are 10 weeks in length plus a week for examinations. Typically, the Fall term begins in late September and ends in mid-December; the Winter term begins in early January and ends in mid-March; the Spring term begins in late March and ends in mid-June; and the Summer term begins in late June and ends in early-September. The educational expenses for full-time military students assigned to AFIT are paid by their respective uniformed service. For tuition-paying students, the approximate cost is $6,420 per quarter for full-time enrollment (based on 12 quarter hours and a tuition rate of $535 per quarter hour). AFIT is tuition waived for civilian employees of the Department of Defense. Through its Civilian Institution Programs, AFIT also manages the educational programs of officers enrolled in civilian universities, research centers, hospitals, and industrial organizations. Air Force students attending civilian institutions have earned more than 12,000 undergraduate and graduate degrees in the past twenty years. Air Force Institute of Technology The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is a graduate school and provider of professional and continuing education for the United States Armed Forces and is part of the United States Air Force. It is located in Ohio at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton. AFIT is a component of the Air University and Air Education and Training Command. Founded in 1919 and degree-granting since 1954, the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is the Air Force's graduate school of engineering and management as well"
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"All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress (AHTUC) was a trade union centre in the Hyderabad State. Affiliated to the All India Trade Union Congress, it claimed a membership of around 72,000. The trade union centre, which was aligned with the Communist Party of India, was one of the organisations that took part in the Telangana Rebellion against the Nizam regime. The founding of the AHTUC was preceded by a Marathwada Labour Conference held in Aurangabad on 30 November 1945. The conference was organized by unions which were under the leadership of the Communist Party. The conference elected a provisional committee for the formation of a new trade union centre in the Hyderabad State. The founding meeting of the AHTUC was held in Secunderabad on 16–18 August 1946. The new union centre was inaugurated by the veteran trade union leader N.M. Joshi, who was the general secretary of the AITUC. The founding president Makhdoom Mohiuddin of the AHTUC, who had an arrest warrant against him and lived underground, was arrested immediately after the meeting. He was later released. Upon its foundation, the new organization affiliated itself with the AITUC. The Singareni Collieries Workers Union, a union organising labourers in the Singareni coal fields, was affiliated itself to the AHTUC. The Urdu poet Makhdoom Mohiuddin was the founding president of the AHTUC, whilst Raj Bahadur Gour was the founding general secretary of the organisation. Sayed Makhdoom served as vice president of the AHTUC. Soon after the formation of the new trade union centre one of its affiliates, the electricity workers union led by B.S. Madhav Singh, broke away from the AHTUC and instead joined the socialist trade union centre Hind Mazdoor Sabha. In August 1946, the regime began a crackdown on the AHTUC. AHTUC responded by issuing a call to celebrate 17 October 1946 as 'Anti-Repression Day'. This appeal resulted in yet intensified repression on behalf of the Nizam regime. On 30 September 1946 police conducted raids on some 150 houses in Hyderabad, Secunderabad and other areas in Telangana belonging to unions, parties and individual leaders that were taking part in the preparations for the 17 October protests. Large amounts of correspondence of the trade union movement were seized in the raids. Police forces were also deployed in industrial areas to hinder workers from gathering to rally against the actions of the government. Police raided the Singareni Collieries Workers Union office in Kothagudem on 12 February 1947. Workers rallied to protest the leaders of the union and help them escape. In total, 20 workers were arrested. They were sentenced to six months' imprisonment each. In the coming months the main leaders of the union were captured and jailed, and the union office was shut down. As the Nizam declared Hyderabad as an independent state in September 1947, Makhdoom Mohiuddin was one of the signatories of a joint declaration of the Communist Party, Andhra Maha Sabha and the AHTUC calling for armed insurrection against the Nizam's rule for the integration of Hyderabad in the Indian Union (Mohiuddin signed on behalf of AHTUC). Armed struggle began in Telangana. In December 1948 the municipal workers union affiliated to AHTUC, led by Amarnath Burman, went on strike. In 1950 the AHTUC was one of the founding organizations of the People's Democratic Front. All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress (AHTUC) was a trade union centre in the Hyderabad State. Affiliated to the All India Trade Union Congress, it claimed a membership of around 72,000. The trade union centre, which was aligned with the Communist Party of India,"
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"Jordan Rossiter Jordan Bernard Rossiter (born 24 March 1997) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Rangers in the Scottish Premiership. Rossiter came through the academy at his local club Liverpool where they described him as an \"authoritative central midfield presence\" with \"an extensive passing repertoire with either foot and an eye for goal\". Rossiter was born in Liverpool, Merseyside and began playing football at the age of three or four in the Anfield junior league. He joined his local side Liverpool when he was 6 years old and first represented the academy at U6 level. He made his debut for Liverpool U18s on his 15th birthday. Still aged 15 he made his U19 debut side in a NextGen series match against Inter Milan, during the game ex-Liverpool striker Robbie Fowler said Rossiter was a talent comparable to Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard. For the 2013–14 season Rossiter, then 16, became a permanent fixture of Liverpool's U21 Premier League side and at the end of the season won Liverpool's Academy Player of the Year award. In September 2014, Rossiter was named as captain of Liverpool under-19s for the 2014–15 UEFA Youth League. During the 2013–14 season Rossiter trained regularly with the first team squad and was named on the bench for the first time for a Premier League match against Chelsea on 29 December 2013. He also claimed a place on the bench in the New Years Day victory against Hull. On 23 September 2014, Rossiter made his first team debut aged 17 in a League Cup third round match against Middlesbrough, scoring his first goal for the club with a low drive from 30 yards in the 10th minute to become Liverpool's second youngest goalscorer behind Michael Owen. On 28 October, Rossiter was an unused substitute in the next round of the League Cup in a match against Swansea which Liverpool won 2–1 thanks to the late header from Dejan Lovren in injury time. He also made the bench in the Reds' 1–0 league victory over Sunderland at the Stadium of Light on 10 January. He was an unused substitute in Liverpool's 1–1 draw against Chelsea in the League Cup semi final 1st leg on 20 January 2015. On 2 February 2015, Rossiter suffered an ankle injury in a FA Youth Cup game against Birmingham City that left him on the sidelines for the rest of the season. On 11 July 2015, Rossiter was named in Liverpool's 30-man squad for their pre-season tour of Thailand, Australia and Malaysia. On 22 August, Brendan Rodgers stated Rossiter had become a valuable member of Liverpool's first team squad and would not be leaving the club on loan. On 24 August, Rossiter made his league debut, coming-on as 76th-minute substitute for Lucas Leiva in an away match against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium. Rossiter made his European debut for the club on 17 September 2015 in the UEFA Europa League group stage game against Bordeaux. He started the match and played for 80 minutes before being replaced by Cameron Brannagan. The match finished 1–1. On 16 October 2015, it was reported that Rossiter had contracted a hamstring injury while on international duty. Liverpool manager Jürgen Klopp later confirmed that he was not expected back in action until mid-November. Rossiter returned from injury in December featuring in a Europa League match against Sion, however his hamstring was aggravated again during the match leading to another extended period on the sidelines. On 6 May 2016 reports emerged that he would leave Liverpool at the end of the season to join Rangers. On 13 May 2016, Rangers confirmed that Rossiter had signed a pre-contract agreement to join the club on a four-year deal upon the expiry of his Liverpool contract that summer. Rangers agreed to pay Rossiter's former club a £250,000 development fee. Rossiter made his debut for Rangers as a second-half substitute against Stranraer in the League Cup on 25 July 2016. Rossiter suffered a calf injury at the end of August and spent nearly four months out, despite Rangers manager Mark Warburton suggesting he was \"7 to 10 days out\" on several occasions. After five months on the sidelines, in February 2017, Rangers sent Rossiter south to receive treatment at England's St George's Park National Football Centre for a lower back issue which was causing recurring calf and hamstring injuries. In May 2017, after eight months out injured, Rangers manager Pedro Caixinha revealed Rossiter should be fit for the start of pre-season training. He featured in the early stages of Rangers' campaign, including once in the Europa League against Progrès Niederkorn before injury once again ruled him out for the majority of the season. He scored his first goal for the club on 13 May 2018, in a 5-5 draw with Hibernian. Rossiter has represented England at U16, U17, U18 and U19 level. He captained England U16 as they won the 2012 Victory Shield. In November 2013, Rossiter was described as one of the \"fab four\" Liverpudlian players who were at the heart of the England U17 squad. Rossiter represented England U17 in the 2014 Algarve Tournament, with England coming second to Germany after a 1–0 loss in the final game. In September 2014 Rossiter received his first England U18 call-up for a double-header against the Netherlands, and made his U18 debut in a 4–1 victory. On 27 August 2015, Rossiter received his first call up for the England U19 team and played 90 minutes in a 3–2 away win over Germany. Jordan Rossiter Jordan Bernard Rossiter (born 24 March 1997) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Rangers in the Scottish Premiership. Rossiter came through the academy at his local club Liverpool where they described him as an \"authoritative central midfield presence\" with \"an extensive passing repertoire with either foot and an eye for goal\". Rossiter was born in Liverpool, Merseyside and began playing football at the age of three or four in the Anfield junior league. He"
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"Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B. (born December 29, 1942) is a Salesian and Cardinal of the Catholic Church from Honduras. He is the current Archbishop of Tegucigalpa, President of Caritas Internationalis and was President of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) from 1995 to 1999. Rodríguez was elevated to the cardinalate in 2001. He was the Vatican's spokesman with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, on the issue of Third World debt. He was born in Tegucigalpa in Honduras, the third of the four children of Andrés Rodríguez Palacios and Raquel Maradiaga. As a boy, he dreamed of playing the saxophone in a dance band or becoming a pilot. Instead, he received an internal call for the religious life and joined the Salesians on May 3, 1961. He earned doctorates in philosophy from the Institute \"Don Rua\" in El Salvador, in theology from the Salesian Pontifical University in Rome and moral theology from the Pontifical Lateran University. From the Austrian University of Innsbruck Rodríguez received a diploma in clinical psychology and psychotherapy. He was ordained a priest on July 28, 1970, by Archbishop Girolamo Prigione in Guatemala City. Father Rodríguez was named the bishop's assistant in Tegucigalpa in the same year. He was dean of the Theology Department for three years at Guatemala's Francisco Marroquín University from 1975. He then taught chemistry, physics, and music at Salesian colleges in El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala over the next fifteen years. During this time he also became a professor of moral theology and ecclesiology at the Salesian Theological Institute in Guatemala. He was also trained in classical piano and did studies in music in El Salvador, Guatemala, and the United States. He speaks English, French, Italian, German, and Portuguese in addition to his native Spanish. On October 28, 1978, Rodríguez was named auxiliary bishop of Tegucigalpa and titular bishop of \"Pudentiana\". He received episcopal consecration on the following December 8 from Archbishop Gabriel Montalvo, with Archbishops Héctor Santos Hernández and Miguel Obando y Bravo serving as co-consecrators. Rodríguez was named Archbishop of Tegucigalpa on January 8, 1993. Archbishop Rodríguez was created Cardinal-Priest of \"Santa Maria della Speranza\" by Pope John Paul II in the consistory of 21 February 2001. He is the first cardinal from Honduras. In addition to his episcopal responsibilities, he is currently the President of the Episcopal Conference of Honduras. Rodríguez was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2005 papal conclave that selected Pope Benedict XVI. Cardinal Rodríguez was elected on 5 June 2007, as the new Caritas Internationalis President by the Caritas Confederation members at their 18th General Assembly in Vatican City. He was reelected 24 May 2011. He was the global representative for the next four years. Since December 2001, he has received a pension of 100,000 lempiras a month from the budget of the President of Honduras, published in Acuerdo Ejecutivo 046-2001 published December 7, 2002, in La Gaceta. On 12 June 2012, Cardinal Rodriguez Maradiaga was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education for a five-year renewable term. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the 2013 papal conclave that selected Pope Francis. On 13 April 2013, he was appointed to a group of cardinals established by Pope Francis to advise him and to study a plan for revising \"Pastor Bonus\", the Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia, with the group's first meeting scheduled for 1–3 October 2013. In 2013 an interview with Salt and Light, he said, \"It is not just taking the constitution \"Pastor Bonus\" and trying to change this and that,\" referring to the 1988 papal constitution governing the organization of the Roman Curia. \"No, that constitution is over,\" he said. \"Now it is something different. We need to write something different.\" Reflecting on the reorganisation of the Roman Curia, his advisory role to the pope and Catholic response to climate change. The cardinal made the comment in a September 23 interview with Catholic News Service in New York, where he was participating in interreligious meetings in his capacity as president of Caritas Internationalis. Reformation of the Roman Curia, the church’s central administrative offices, is a normal response to changing times, has a significant 20th-century precedent, and was a focus of the pre-conclave meetings before Pope Francis was elected, Cardinal Rodriguez said. “Many people do not look back at history and they think now it’s a revolution. No! This is a normal process… that takes place in order to answer to the new signs of the times,” he said. On 10 March 2015, according to an online news brief by Catholic News Service (CNS), Cardinal Rodriguez, who is the President of Caritas Internationalis, received the University of Dayton's Archbishop Oscar Romero Human Rights Award for his humanitarian work. Archbishop Romero, who was beatified as a martyr on 23 May 2015 and is honored in a few other Christian denominations, was Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Salvador in San Salvador, El Salvador, when he was assassinated on March 24, 1980, in a hospital chapel while saying Mass, by a right wing death squad assassin. L’Espresso reported that Argentine bishop Jorge Pedro Casaretto - sent by Pope Francis as an apostolic envoy to Honduras - returned with a report in 2017, suggesting that Maradiaga may have been involved in mismanaging Church funds, and may also have accepted hundreds of thousands of dollars from the Catholic University of Tegucigalpa. The article said that Maradiaga is being accused of investing more than $1.2 million in some London financial companies, including Leman Wealth Management. Some of that money has now vanished, it said. Casaretto’s report was based on accounts from more than 50 witnesses, including diocesan staff members and priests, L’Espresso said. Rodríguez was the Holy See's spokesman with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank on the issue of Third World debt, and he has encouraged countries to give development aid. He has said that a politician who publicly supports abortion excommunicates himself by doing serious harm to the communion of faith in the Church so it is not a question of faith. In 2009, Cardinal Rodríguez agreed with the Pope that condoms cannot be of any real benefit in the fight against AIDS. Cardinal Rodríguez Maradiaga, in a May 2002 interview with the Italian-Catholic publication 30 Giorni, claimed that to divert attention from the Israeli-Palestinian crisis, Jews influenced the media to exploit the current controversy regarding sexual abuse by Catholic priests. That provoked outrage from the Anti-Defamation League. Rodríguez Maradiaga believes the Church must be “open” and in “constant dialogue,” following the Second Vatican Council’s example in rejecting attitudes of “arrogance and superiority.” In 2007, Cardinal Rodriguez was appointed to head the new 'Commission of Notables' on the study of the energy crisis as it impacted Honduras. When challenged in an international interview about being unqualified for such a task, he responded quietly that he was educated in chemical engineering in Texas and knew a thing or two about petroleum. His choice as leader, however, was not his technical knowledge but the national respect for his integrity and his neutrality towards political groups in the country. In 2008, Cardinal Rodriguez criticized President Manuel Zelaya for using public money to promote his plans instead of spending it on the poor. He stated: \"We were good friends. But he changed drastically... It was Chávez.\" The Church, according to a spokesman, did not favor either the deposed Zelaya's alleged re-election plans or the coup a against him. In a televised speech, Rodriguez warned that the return of Zelaya could lead to a",
"in an international interview about being unqualified for such a task, he responded quietly that he was educated in chemical engineering in Texas and knew a thing or two about petroleum. His choice as leader, however, was not his technical knowledge but the national respect for his integrity and his neutrality towards political groups in the country. In 2008, Cardinal Rodriguez criticized President Manuel Zelaya for using public money to promote his plans instead of spending it on the poor. He stated: \"We were good friends. But he changed drastically... It was Chávez.\" The Church, according to a spokesman, did not favor either the deposed Zelaya's alleged re-election plans or the coup a against him. In a televised speech, Rodriguez warned that the return of Zelaya could lead to a bloodbath. He also called on the new government to promote national reconciliation and let aside revenge, pursuit, violence, and corruption. He further urged the Organization of American States to investigate all illegal deeds that happened during the rule of Zelaya. Rodriguez was later accused by Zelaya of conspiring and collaborating with the coup leaders. Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, S.D.B. (born December 29, 1942) is a Salesian and Cardinal of the Catholic Church from Honduras. He is the current Archbishop of Tegucigalpa, President of Caritas Internationalis and was President of the Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) from 1995 to 1999. Rodríguez was elevated to the cardinalate in 2001. He was the Vatican's spokesman with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, on the issue of Third"
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"Joseph Valentin Boussinesq Joseph Valentin Boussinesq () (13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at Faculty of Sciences of Lille, lecturing differential and integral calculus at Institut industriel du Nord (École centrale de Lille). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics at Faculty of Sciences of Paris. John Scott Russell experimentally observed solitary waves in 1834 and reported it during the 1844 Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science. Subsequently, this was developed into the modern physics of solitons. In 1871, Boussinesq published the first mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation, and in 1877 introduced the KdV equation. In 1876, Lord Rayleigh published his mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation. At the end of his paper, Lord Rayleigh admitted that Boussinesq's theory came before his. In 1897 he published \"Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides\" (\"Theory of the swirling and agitated flow of liquids\"), a work that greatly contributed to the study of turbulence and hydrodynamics. The word \"turbulence\" was never used by Boussinesq. He used sentences such as \"écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux\". The first mention of the word \"turbulence\" in French or English scientific fluid mechanics literature (the word \"turbulence\" existed in other context) can be found in a paper by Lord Kelvin in 1887. Joseph Valentin Boussinesq Joseph Valentin Boussinesq () (13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat. From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at Faculty of Sciences of Lille, lecturing differential and integral calculus at Institut industriel"
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"Reflections (2006 Frank Morgan album) Reflections is an album by saxophonist Frank Morgan which was recorded in 2005 and released on the Highnote label the following year. The review by Allmusic's Scott Yanow said: \"Frank Morgan is in a mellow and lyrical mood for this quartet date ... The songs are all familiar ones, eight tunes that mean a lot to the altoist. The tempos range from ballads to a medium pace with Morgan taking his time, creating thoughtful and melodic solos that pay tribute to the melodies, his roots in Charlie Parker bebop, and his own mature style. The result is a set of very nice music, accessible yet full of subtle creativity\". All About Jazz' Michael P. Gladstone observed \"The rhythm section employed by Morgan on \"Reflections\" is perfectly sympatico with the altoist\". JazzTimes' Terry Perkins noted \"With the release of \"Reflections\", it appears that Morgan has once again decided to focus on recording. And this strong studio session-recorded in the legendary studios of Rudy Van Gelder-captures Morgan’s lyrical, swinging alto sax sound at its best. ... The rapport between Morgan and his fellow musicians is strong, and the music flows organically throughout. This one’s a winner\". The Guardian's John Fordham wrote \"He released an album called \"Reflections\" in 1989, with Joe Henderson, Bobby Hutcherson and other stars on board. This is a more modest affair and deals with classic jazz materials in a straightahead manner, but it confirms Morgan as a potent force\". Reflections (2006 Frank Morgan album) Reflections is an album by saxophonist Frank Morgan which was recorded in 2005 and released on the Highnote label the following year. The review by Allmusic's Scott Yanow said: \"Frank Morgan is in a mellow and lyrical mood for this quartet date ... The songs are all familiar ones,"
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"Fort Vredeburg Museum Fort Vredeburg Museum (Official Indonesian name, Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta), was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta. The military complex has been converted into an Independence Struggle Museum which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace). In 1760, after the foundation of the new Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the Dutch governor of North Java coast Nicolaas Harting requested a fort to be built in Yogyakarta. The barracks was built on a plot provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, the first fort was a simple wooden fort with four bastion. Later in 1767 the fortress was extended and converted into a more permanent structure under supervision of a Dutch architect Frans Haak. After its completion in 1787 the fort was named Fort Rustenburg \"(\"Resting fort\" in Dutch)\". On 1867 the old fort was destroyed by an earthquake. The fort was rebuilt and renamed Fort Vredeburg, which in Dutch language means \"Peace fort\" due to peaceful co-existence of the fort and the Kraton of the Sultan. Later in 1942, during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, The fortress was taken over by the Japanese army and made into the army's headquarters and war prison. After the Japanese left in 1945, Fort Vredeburg served the Indonesian Army as military command post, barracks and prison for suspected members of the communist party. In 1947 the ceremonies on honoring Budi Utomo's 40th founding anniversary were held in the fort. At the occasion, Ki Hadjar Dewantara expressed the idea of converting the fortress into a cultural institution. To realize this, a newly set up foundation took charge the gradual restoration of the former fort. An agreement was concluded to have a cultural institution in the fort, between Daoed Joesoef, the Minister of Education and Culture and Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX in 1980. As a result, major renovation of the building took place in 1982. In 1984 Nugroho Notosusanto, the new Minister, changed the original plans and instead, created a museum intended to showcase Indonesia's struggle for independence. The museum was officially opened on 23 November 1992. Yogyakarta was devastated by an event that damaged a large number of buildings and cultural properties in the region, including the fort. It was repaired later afterwards. The museum includes collections of old photographs, historical objects and replicas. A diorama portraying Indonesia's journey for independence is also displayed in the museum. The original design included 93 of these diorama showcases, however when the museum opened in 1992, only 30 of them were finished. Another 18 showcases have been added as of March 1996. All events depicted in the diorama's showcases took place in Yogyakarta and its surrounding region. The dioramas cover various events from the capture of Pangeran Diponegoro in 1830 to Sukarno's return to Jakarta in 1949. The dioramas are divided into 2 sections: one depicts remarkable events (33), such as the founding of Muhammadiyah or Taman Siswa; and another focusing on war and struggle (15) such as guerrilla warfare during the independence war. Fort Vredeburg Museum Fort Vredeburg Museum (Official Indonesian name, Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta), was a former colonial fortress located in the city of Yogyakarta. The military complex has been converted into an Independence Struggle Museum which was opened in 1992. It is located in front of Gedung Agung and Kraton Yogyakarta (Sultan's Palace). In 1760, after the foundation of the new Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, the Dutch governor of North Java coast Nicolaas Harting requested a fort to be built in Yogyakarta. The barracks was built on a plot provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono"
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"Greenville Health System Greenville Health System (GHS) is a private not-for-profit entity involved in clinical care, education and research. It is part of a health company led by the Strategic Coordinating Organization. The Strategic Coordinating Organization provides strategic direction and corporate services to its affiliates, including GHS. Greenville Health System will soon become PRISMA Health in early 2019 after merging with Palmetto Health in Columbia, SC. GHS first opened its doors as City Hospital back in 1912. Over the last 100 years, the organization has become the state's largest not-for-profit healthcare system. GHS’ commitment to medical education has also advanced over the years, most notably with the addition of the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville (2012) and the Clemson University School of Nursing (fall of 2018) on GHS’ Greenville Memorial Medical Campus. Greenville Health System is a not-for-profit, patient-centered, teaching and research institution in South Carolina. The system has 1,756 licensed beds, 1,985 affiliated and employed medical staff and faculty, and more than 15,000 employees dispersed throughout seven medical campuses and a variety of outpatient and specialty facilities. Its residency and fellowship programs provide training for more than 400 physicians, nursing and allied health students annually. GHS’ Greenville Memorial Hospital is the state's largest acute care hospital. It contains Greenville's only 24-hour Level 1 trauma center and dedicated chest pain center, children's hospital and ER, pediatric ICU, and highest level neonatal ICU. Its cardiac and women's services are among the largest in South Carolina. Cancer, rehabilitation, mental health, and wellness services—all located on Greenville Memorial Medical Campus—are available as well. GHS’ Greer Medical Campus is home to Greer Memorial Hospital, an 82-bed facility with a Level III Emergency Trauma Center, ICU, and maternity care. A variety of diagnostic services are available; special services involve cardiac rehabilitation, breast health, and physical and respiratory therapies. The Cottages at Brushy Creek, a 144-bed skilled nursing facility, lies adjacent to the hospital. GHS’ North Greenville Medical Campus features a 45-bed long-term acute care hospital for adults with complex medical conditions who require an extended stay before returning home. Hospitalists and other staff provide patient-centered services (including dialysis, rehabilitation, and CT scanning). The campus also includes 24-hour emergency care. Outpatient services are available for pediatrics, orthopaedics, and lab and radiology studies. GHS’ Simpsonville Medical Campus is home to Hillcrest Memorial Hospital, which specializes in short-stay and outpatient surgery. This 43-bed hospital provides 24-hour emergency care; a medical office building is located next to the hospital. Various diagnostic services are available. Specialty programs include bariatric surgery, ENT, sleep disorders, and orthopaedic/sports medicine services. GHS’ Patewood Medical Campus features Patewood Memorial Hospital which specializes in elective inpatient surgery and maternity care. The campus also focuses on outpatient care, particularly surgery, women's health, and pediatric subspecialties. Lab, radiology, and pharmacy facilities are available, along with home health and orthopaedic/sports medicine offices. Laurens Memorial Hospital (Laurens, South Carolina) Oconee Medical Campus (Oconee, South Carolina) Baptist Easley Hospital (Easley, South Carolina) Specialty hospitals are located on the Greenville Memorial Medical Campus. These include: Photographs of the early years of the Greenville Health System can be viewed in the Greenville County Library System digital collections. Greenville Health System Greenville Health System (GHS) is a private not-for-profit entity involved in clinical care, education and research. It is part of a health company led by the Strategic Coordinating Organization. The Strategic Coordinating Organization provides strategic direction and corporate services to its affiliates, including GHS. Greenville Health System will soon become PRISMA Health in early 2019 after merging with Palmetto Health in Columbia, SC. GHS first opened its doors as City"
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"SeaCoast Airlines SeaCoast Airlines was an airline headquartered in its private terminal on the grounds of St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport in unincorporated Pinellas County, Florida, near Clearwater. It operated from 2002 to 2012. The airline began aircraft charter service on July 4, 2002 to Key West and Marathon from St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport. Their fleet consisted of 2 twin-engine Navajo Chieftains which hold 9 passengers each. They provided charter service throughout Florida and other Southern States 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. On Wednesday, December 5, 2012, the airline announced it was going out of business, effective immediately. This announcement followed closely by an announcement by Southwest Airlines that it was beginning regular service between Tampa and Key West. 2 Najavo Chieftains SeaCoast Airlines SeaCoast Airlines was an airline headquartered in its private terminal on the grounds of St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport in unincorporated Pinellas County, Florida, near Clearwater. It operated from 2002 to 2012. The airline began aircraft charter service on July 4, 2002 to Key West and Marathon from St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport. Their fleet consisted of 2 twin-engine Navajo Chieftains which hold 9 passengers each. They provided charter service throughout Florida and other Southern States"
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"Videssos Videssos is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Harry Turtledove. \"Videssos\" can mean either the Empire of Videssos, or its capital city. The Videssian Empire is very similar to the Byzantine Empire, and much of its history and geography is analogous to Byzantine history. The main differences are the religion, the existence of magic as a usable force, and some details of the history of surrounding states. These states strongly resemble neighbours of Byzantine Empire - for instance Makuran is Sassanid Persia and Vaspurakan is Armenia (Vaspurakan is in reality a historic Armenian province). The map shown of the known world in the time of the various Videssos stories is a \"very\" loose east-for-west flip-flop of the Mediterranean. Like Byzantium, Videssos is an absolute monarchy, ruled by an Emperor. The Emperor is assisted by a numerous, influential bureaucracy, which is powerful enough to have been able to enforce its choice for the throne, even in the face of military opposition; the bureaucracy and military are traditionally rivals for power and influence. Even Videssian offices and titles are the same as the Byzantine ones (\"autokrator\", \"sebastokrator\", \"vestiarios\", \"drungarios\"). The Videssian emperors and their history strongly resemble the Byzantine emperors. The Videssian Empire is rather feudal, with powerful landowners wielding great influence. The class of yeoman farmers, who provided much of the best recruits for the military, is dwindling, analogously to what happened at several stages of Byzantine history. Everything within Videssian life centers around religious beliefs. There are varied types of beliefs from pantheons of gods, spirit/demon worship, and dualist belief. The most widespread belief is in the dualist faith of Phos, the god of light, and Skotos, the dark god. The core of this faith is that Phos and Skotos will battle and only one will emerge. Even in this belief there is nuanced variations that lead to enmity between different countries. The basic prayer of those who follow Phos is \"We bless thee, Phos, Lord with the right and good mind, by thy grace our protector, watchful beforehand that the great test of life may be decided in our favor.\" To this those of the Duchy of Namdalen append \"On this we stake our very souls.\" It is postulated by Gorgidas in the Videssos Cycle that the variants of the Phos beliefs have to do with political and ethnic reasons rather than true belief. He states that the Vaspurakanur belief in their direct descent from Phos was a way to separate themselves from Videssos and maintain a separate social structure. The Balancer beliefs are flat out stated to have come out of the barbarian invasions of areas of the Empire. Those who survived these centuries of attacks were no longer certain of the inevitable victory of Phos. There are no noted variations of the followers of Skotos. Videssos Videssos is a series of fantasy novels by American writer Harry Turtledove. \"Videssos\" can mean either the Empire of Videssos, or its capital city. The Videssian Empire is"
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"Cool'n'Quiet AMD Cool'n'Quiet is a CPU dynamic frequency scaling and power saving technology introduced by AMD with its Athlon 64 processor line. It works by reducing the processor's clock rate and voltage when the processor is idle. The aim of this technology is to reduce overall power consumption and lower heat generation, allowing for slower (thus quieter) cooling fan operation. The objectives of cooler and quieter result in the name Cool'n'Quiet. The technology is similar to Intel's SpeedStep and AMD's own PowerNow!, which were developed with the aim of increasing laptop battery life by reducing power consumption. Due to their different usage, \"Cool'n'Quiet\" refers to desktop and server chips, while \"PowerNow!\" is used for mobile chips; the technologies are similar but not identical. This technology was also introduced on \"e-stepping\" Opterons, however it is called \"Optimized Power Management\", which is essentially a re-tooled Cool'n'Quiet scheme designed to work with registered memory. \"Cool'n'Quiet\" is fully supported in the Linux kernel from version 2.6.18 onward (using the powernow-k8 driver) and FreeBSD from 6.0-CURRENT onward. In-order to take advantage of Cool'n'Quiet Technology in Microsoft's Operating Systems: Also In Windows Vista and 7 the \"Power Saver\" power profile allows much lower power state (frequency and voltage) than in the \"High Performance\" power state. Unlike Windows XP, Windows Vista only supports Cool'n'Quiet on motherboards that support ACPI 2.0 or later. With earlier versions of Windows, processor drivers along with Cool'n'Quiet software also need to be installed. In addition to the CPU drivers offered by AMD, several motherboard manufacturers have released software to give the end user more control over the \"Cool 'n' Quiet\" feature, as well as the other new features of AMD processors and chipsets. Using these applications, one can even control the CPU voltage explicitly. Power Saving Technologies: Performance Boosting Technologies: Cool'n'Quiet AMD"
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"Berkeley Divinity School Berkeley Divinity School, founded in 1854, is a seminary of the Episcopal Church, based in New Haven, Connecticut. The seminary was founded by John Williams, then coadjutor bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut, as a mediating alternative between the Anglo-Catholic–leaning General Theological Seminary in New York and the Evangelical-leaning Virginia Theological Seminary. The name of the seminary alludes to the vision of philosopher and bishop George Berkeley who a century earlier had planned a seminary in the western hemisphere; this use of his name for an educational institution precedes its association with California by some decades. Williams was also President of Trinity College in Hartford, and after a brief period where he oversaw instruction as part of the College, the school began independent life in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1854. Williams continued as Dean while succeeding as diocesan Bishop, until his death in 1899. Berkeley moved to New Haven in 1928, during the deanship of noted liturgical scholar William Palmer Ladd, to take advantage of the resources of Yale University. In 1971, a new agreement between Yale and Berkeley resulted in a closer affiliation; since then all students of Berkeley Divinity School have been also students of Yale Divinity School and take a Yale degree. Approximately one third of Yale Divinity School's students undertaking the master's degree in divinity are members of Berkeley. Thus, Berkeley operates as a denominational seminary within an ecumenical divinity school. Students graduating from \"Berkeley Divinity School at Yale\" earn both a Masters of Divinity degree from Yale and a Diploma in Anglican Studies from Berkeley, certifying that they have received education specific to preparation for Holy Orders in the Episcopal Church. Berkeley's offices and programs are centered with those of Yale Divinity School on the Sterling Divinity Quadrangle, although Berkeley also maintains a separate center for worship and some programs nearby. Its former New Haven campus is now the site of Pauli Murray College, one of the newer residential colleges of Yale University, named for an Episcopal priest and activist. Berkeley Divinity School Berkeley Divinity School, founded in 1854, is a seminary of the Episcopal Church, based in New Haven, Connecticut. The seminary was founded by John Williams, then coadjutor bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut, as a mediating alternative between the Anglo-Catholic–leaning General Theological Seminary in New York and the Evangelical-leaning Virginia Theological Seminary. The name of the seminary alludes"
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"Robert-Cliche Regional County Municipality Robert-Cliche is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in southeastern Quebec, Canada, on the Chaudière River, between La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality and Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality. Established in 1982 as a successor to Beauce County, Robert-Cliche is made of ten municipalities and is mainly French-speaking. The territory is a mix of urban and rural. Beauceville, the county seat, is the most populous municipality. It is named after Quebec politician, writer, lawyer and judge Robert Cliche. He was born in Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, one of Robert-Cliche's municipalities. There are 10 subdivisions within the RCM: Highways and numbered routes that run through the municipality, including external routes that start or finish at the county border: <br> <br> Robert-Cliche Regional County Municipality Robert-Cliche is a regional county municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region in southeastern Quebec, Canada, on the Chaudière River, between La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality and Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality. Established in 1982 as a successor to Beauce County, Robert-Cliche is made of ten municipalities and is mainly French-speaking. The territory is a mix of urban and rural. Beauceville, the county seat, is the most populous municipality. It is named after Quebec politician, writer, lawyer and judge"
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"Gunzo (magazine) \"Gunzō\" was first published in October 1946 as oriented publication. The magazine is published by Kodansha. The past contributors for the magazine include: Kenzaburō Ōe, Haruki Murakami and Yoriko Shono. Along with \"Shinchō\", \"Bungakukai\", \"Subaru\" and \"Bungei\" magazines, \"Gunzō\" is among the leading thick literary magazines in Japan. \"Gunzō\" is also aimed at discovering new talent, both among writers and critics. It runs the annual Gunzo Prize for New Writers, and provides informational support for the Noma Prize. It had a policy of running stories anonymously to encourage people not to read stories for the name of the author. Gunzo (magazine) \"Gunzō\" was first published in October 1946 as oriented publication. The magazine is published by Kodansha. The past contributors for the magazine include: Kenzaburō Ōe, Haruki Murakami and Yoriko Shono. Along with \"Shinchō\", \"Bungakukai\", \"Subaru\" and \"Bungei\" magazines, \"Gunzō\" is among the leading thick literary magazines in Japan. \"Gunzō\" is also aimed at discovering new talent, both among writers and critics. It runs the annual Gunzo Prize for New Writers, and provides informational support for the Noma Prize. It had a policy of running stories anonymously to encourage people not to read stories for the name of"
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"Gábor Darvas Gábor Darvas [] (until 1952 Gábor Steinberger; 18 January 1911 – 18 February 1985) was a Hungarian composer and musicologist. He was one of the first Hungarian composers to work in the field of electronic music. As a musicologist, his interest was primarily in music of the 15th and 16th centuries. He was born at Szatmárnémeti (Austria-Hungary) in 1911. His family moved to Budapest in 1918, where he finished his high school studies. He studied piano from the age of nine, from 1926 until 1932 he attended the Academy of Music in Budapest as an instrumentalists and later studied composition under Zoltán Kodály. His orchestral compositions of the thirties were performed in concerts and in the Hungarian Radio. In 1939 he left the country. During the World War II, he lived in Chile, working as a conductor and a musicologist. He was a direct assistant of Erich Kleiber, In 1948 he returned to Hungary, where he has continued his composer activity in 1951, commencing an active career as a composer, writing film scores as well as pieces using tape. He was musical expert of various cultural institutions until 1972. In addition to composing he explored, orchestrated, published values of the European music history, wrote several musicological books. He died in 1985 in Budapest. Gábor Darvas Gábor Darvas [] (until 1952 Gábor Steinberger; 18 January 1911 – 18 February 1985) was a Hungarian composer and musicologist. He was one of the first Hungarian composers to work in the field of electronic music. As a musicologist, his interest was primarily in music of the 15th and 16th centuries. He was born at Szatmárnémeti (Austria-Hungary) in 1911. His family moved to Budapest in 1918, where he finished his high school studies. He studied piano from the age of nine, from 1926"
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"Sauravus Sauravus is an extinct genus of nectridean lepospondyl within the family Scincosauridae. The type species of \"Sauravus, Sauravus costei,\" is known from Blanzy, a town in the Saône-et-Loire department of France. This town and its adjacent community Montceau-les-Mines possess containing abundant Carboniferous fossils. These fossils are believed to have been from the Stephanian B stage of the Late Carboniferous, approximately 305 to 304 million years ago. \"Sauravus cambrayi\" is known from , a mine near Autun, Saône-et-Loire, France. Télots is the type locality of the Autunian stage, a period of time which is believed to correspond to part of the early Permian period. The geological formation which Télots fossils belong to is known as the Millery Formation. The specific part of the Permian which this formation belongs to was unclear for many years. In 2014, Schneider \"et al.\" suggested that the Millery Formation dated to the middle Artinskian age, about 290 to 286 million years ago. \"Sauravus spinosus\" is a rename of \"Scincosaurus spinosus\", a Montceau-les-Mines scincosaurid described by C. Civet in 1982. Although that author considered the species to belong to \"Scincosaurus\", in 1994 Jean-Michel Dutuit and D. Heyler believed considered it a species of \"Sauravus\". Sauravus Sauravus"
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"Dan Keplinger Artist Dan Keplinger (born 19 January 1973) was featured in the Oscar-winning documentary short, \"King Gimp\". Born with cerebral palsy, he lives in Towson, Maryland, where he continues to paint. After attending a school for disabled children, he was mainstreamed into Parkville High School in Maryland at age 16. He is a 1998 graduate of Towson University with a major in mass communication. Dan visits schools as a guest motivational speaker. He shows that with some determination, you can achieve anything you desire. Dan married Dena Huggler in April 2009. According to \"The Baltimore Sun\", \"King Gimp was the name neighbors gave him as a child because his house was on the top of a hill and he liked to roll down it in his wheelchair. A fighting spirit, he calls himself.\" He explained to a huge audience that \"gimp\" means fighting spirit to him, when he was featured in a Super Bowl ad for Cingular Wireless in 2001, See Advertising and disability. Through school Keplinger participated in many Art Department shows. In addition, his work was shown all across Maryland sponsored by Very Special Arts. In 1993 he was the Very Special Arts featured artist in their show at the Eubie Blake Cultural Center in Baltimore City. Currently, he is exclusively represented by the Phyllis Kind Gallery in SOHO, New York. Keplinger had his first solo show in May 2000. He has had work in several shows across the country including 2001-2002 eMotion Picture, An Exhibition of Orthopedics in Art. San Francisco, California Herbst International Exhibition Hall at the San Francisco Presidio, Washington, DC Millennium Arts Center, Chicago, Illinois Chicago Cultural Center, New York, NY United Nations, United Cerebral Palsy Great Expressions art show 2000 and 2001, Towson and MD Sheppard Pratt Conference Center. Keplinger's art features large canvases with bold colors and many are self-portraits. Keplinger says this about his art: \"At a glance my work seems to be about my perception in society and how I overcome it. I include images of my wheelchair because it is my main mode of conveyance and a major part of my daily life, but these pieces are about much more than my disability. Obstacles and challenges are a universal part of the human condition. We all face them in everyday life, however we also have a choice as to how we deal with them. Many of us are likely to get discouraged during difficult times in our lives. In my work I hope to show everybody that they have the ability to persevere.\" \"When I start a piece, I just think of what I have to say and not who is going to view it. I know people are not going to view my work as I do, but everyone can get the overall message.\" Keplinger has begun working in clay as well. In 1983 Susan Hadary and William Whiteford featured Keplinger in their documentary \"Beginning With Bong\" dealing with the education of disabled children. Later the same filmmakers devoted the documentary \"King Gimp\" to Keplinger. \"King Gimp\" won the 2000 Academy Award for Best Documentary. The film also won a Peabody award and was nominated for a national Emmy. In 2004 the same filmmakers produced a sequel to \"King Gimp\" entitled \"The King’s Miracle\". In 2001, Dan was featured in a nationally televised Cingular Wireless Super Bowl commercial, which was ranked as number one by USA Today. Dan Keplinger Artist Dan Keplinger (born 19 January 1973) was featured in the Oscar-winning documentary short, \"King Gimp\". Born with cerebral palsy, he lives in Towson, Maryland, where he continues"
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"Village Ibrahimzai, Hangu District Ibrahimzai is a village situated in the jurisdiction of District Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It has about 6,000 voters according to the last voters list in the last election. Dar-e-Abbaas Ziarat, Ziarat Bara Imam and Ziarat Imam Takhat are the religious and attractive places of this village. On 2014-01-07, local 15-year-old Aitzaz Hasan died while preventing a suicide bomber from entering his school of 2,000 students. Aitzaz was hailed as a national hero. For his act, the office of Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif had advised President Mamnoon Husain to confer Aitzaz Hasan with the high civil award of Sitara-e-Shujaat (Star of Bravery). He was named as the Herald's Person of the Year for 2014. Village Ibrahimzai, Hangu District Ibrahimzai is a village situated in the jurisdiction of District Hangu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It has about 6,000 voters according to the last voters list in the last election. Dar-e-Abbaas Ziarat, Ziarat Bara Imam and Ziarat Imam Takhat are the religious and attractive places of this village. On 2014-01-07, local 15-year-old Aitzaz Hasan died while preventing a suicide bomber from entering his school of 2,000 students. Aitzaz was hailed as a national hero. For his act, the"
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"Dianne McIntyre Dianne McIntyre (born July 18, 1946) is an African-American dancer, choreographer, and teacher. Her notable works include \"Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Dance Adventure in Southern Blues (A Choreodrama)\", an adaptation of Zora Neal Hurston's novel \"Their Eyes Were Watching God\", as well as productions of \"why i had to dance,\" \"spell #7\", and \"for colored girls who have considered suicide when the rainbow is enuf\", with text by Ntozake Shange. She has won numerous honors for her work including an Emmy nomination, three Bessie Awards, and a Helen Hayes Award. She is a member of the Stage Directors and Choreographers Society, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, and the Dramatists Guild of America. McIntyre was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Dorothy Layne McIntyre, the first African-American woman to be licensed by the Civil Aeronautics Authority, and Francis Benjamin McIntyre. At the age of four, McIntyre began studying ballet under the tutelage of Elaine Gibbs after seeing Janet Collins in the Metropolitan Opera Company's Cleveland production of \"Aida\". As a teenager, she studied modern dance with Virginia Dryansky. In 1964, McIntyre graduated from John Adams High School before attending Ohio State University. There, she first studied French with plans to become a linguist with the United Nations, but she became a dance major during her third year after taking a dance history course with Shirley Wynne. McIntyre recalled, \"In my third year, I said, I have to stop fooling myself. [...] The dance-history courses really shifted me to say, Yes—go for it if that’s what you want to do.\" During her time at Ohio State, the university commissioned her to choreograph for an evening with Lucas Hoving, Doris Humphrey, and Anna Sokolow. In 1966, McIntyre attended the American Dance Festival where she would later return as a member of the faculty in the early 1990s and in 2008. While taking graduate courses at Ohio State University, the head of the dance department, Helen P. Alkire put McIntyre's name up for a position at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, where McIntyre was then hired. There, she choreographed for a year before moving to New York City in 1970. In New York, McIntyre studied under Viola Farber and Gus Solomons Jr. among others. At a workshop with Anna Sokolow, the Nikolais Dance Theater, Judith Dunn, and Bill Dixon she found herself drawn to the connection between dance composition and avant-garde jazz and free jazz. She began to attend the rehearsals of jazz musicians, such as the Master Brotherhood, where she taught herself how to move to jazz. Her frequent attendance at the Master Brotherhood rehearsals earned her the nickname the \"Cancer Dancer,\" because she was born in July. McIntyre cites \"a feeling of that time in the Black Arts Movement\" as the source of her passion for combining dance and live jazz. She explained that \"many of us artists who were black, in whatever our particular field, we had a consciousness about what our work was saying for the moving forward of the consciousness about our race and our place in the society.\" Upon moving to New York in 1970, McIntyre performed with the Gus Solomon Jr.'s dance company for 2 years. McIntyre held her first solo concert at the Clark Center for the Performing Arts. Under the mentorship of Louise Roberts, the director of the Clark Center, McIntyre founded the Harlem studio and company, Sounds in Motion, in 1972. She then held concerts at the Cubiculo Theatre and Washington Square Church while supporting her endeavors out of her own pocket. During this time, she worked part-time at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts in the dance collection. Upon advice from others, McIntyre began applying for grants in order to fund her project when Sounds in Motion joined the National Endowment for the Arts dance-touring program. Sounds in Motion performed at venues such as the Joyce Theater, Brooklyn Academy of Music, and John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, as well as touring in Europe. During this time, works by Sounds in Motion included \"Life’s Force\" (1979), created in collaboration with Ahmed Abdullah while Sounds in Motion was in residency, \"Take Off From a Forced Landing\" (1984), which was based on her mother's experiences as an aviator, and a performance in 1986 based on Zora Neal Hurston's 1937 novel, \"Their Eyes Were Watching God\". During the 1970s and 1980s, Sounds in Motion was the only modern dance studio to be found in Harlem. The studio was a space where what McIntyre termed \"the culture crowd,\" a label that included not only dancers and musicians, but scholars, activists, and artists from all fields, could gather and engage in furthering movement of Black consciousness. Many students who studied under McIntyre at the Sound in Motion studio went on to accomplish much in their own right, including Jawole Willa Jo Zollar, founder of Urban Bush Women. Sixteen years after its founding, McIntyre closed Sounds in Motion in 1988 to pursue independent work. McIntyre is credited with encouraging renewed interest in the work of modern dance pioneer Helen Tamiris through a recreation of Tamiris' 1937 masterpiece, \"How Long, Brethren?\" in 1991. As a freelancer, McIntyre choreographed the Broadway productions of \"Mule Bone\" (1991), the original and revival of \"Paul Robeson\" (1988 and 1995 respectively), and \"King Hedley II\" (2001). Off-Broadway, McIntyre also choreographed Obie Award winner Ntozake Shange's \"Spell #7\" at The Public Theatre, and for London's West End, she choreographed \"King, the Musical\". Her choreography has also been featured on television in HBO's \"Miss Evers' Boys\" (1997), for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Choreography, and in the 1998 film \"Beloved\", based on the novel of the same name by Toni Morrison. PBS profiled McIntyre in their 2001 three-part documentary, \"Free to Dance\", a co-production between of the American Dance Festival and The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. In 2011, McIntyre acted as choreographer for the film \"Fun Size\". In 2012, Sounds in Motion reunited at the American Dance Guild Festival where they performed \"Life's Force\" with Ahmed Abdullah. That same year, she choreographed \"Crowns\" at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. McIntyre has been a guest artist and teacher at numerous institutions including the American Dance Festival, Jacob's Pillow Dance, and the Bates Summer Dance Festival. She has also been on the faculty of Sarah Lawrence College. Ntozake Shange first met McIntyre as a student and performer at McIntyre's dance company, Sounds in Motion. Since then, the two of them have collaborated on a number of works including The Public Theatre's 1979 production of Shange's \"Spell #7\", in the 2007 New Federal Theatre's festival \"Ntozake Shange: A Retrospective\", Shange's one-act play, \"It Hasn't Always Been This Way\", and in 2012, Shange's choreopoem, and \"why i had to dance\", produced by Oberlin College and Cleveland’s PlayhouseSquare. Before the premiere of \"why i had to dance\", McIntyre joined Shange in her talk at Oberlin discussing Shange's 2011 work, \"lost in language & sound: or how I found my way to the arts\". In 2013, Barnard College's Africana Studies Program and Consortium for Critical Interdisciplinary Studies hosted a two-day conference titled \"The Worlds of Ntozake Shange\". At the event, McIntyre and Shange discussed their work together and the legacy of their collaboration. In 2014, McIntyre returned to Barnard to hold a movement workshop for a course on Ntozake Shange's work and influence. In the fall of 2014, McIntyre will be choreographing a new choreopoem by Shange to be premiered at the Brooklyn and Kelly Strayhorn Theatre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dianne McIntyre Dianne McIntyre (born July 18, 1946) is an African-American dancer, choreographer, and teacher. Her notable works include \"Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Dance Adventure",
"& sound: or how I found my way to the arts\". In 2013, Barnard College's Africana Studies Program and Consortium for Critical Interdisciplinary Studies hosted a two-day conference titled \"The Worlds of Ntozake Shange\". At the event, McIntyre and Shange discussed their work together and the legacy of their collaboration. In 2014, McIntyre returned to Barnard to hold a movement workshop for a course on Ntozake Shange's work and influence. In the fall of 2014, McIntyre will be choreographing a new choreopoem by Shange to be premiered at the Brooklyn and Kelly Strayhorn Theatre in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Dianne McIntyre Dianne McIntyre (born July 18, 1946) is an African-American dancer, choreographer, and teacher. Her notable works include \"Their Eyes Were Watching God: A Dance Adventure in Southern Blues (A Choreodrama)\", an"
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"Bot herder Bot herders are hackers who use automated techniques to scan specific network ranges and find vulnerable systems, such as machines without current security patches, on which to install their bot program. The infected machine then has become one of many zombies in a botnet and responds to commands given by the bot herder, usually via an Internet Relay Chat channel. One of the new bot herders includes the controller of Conficker. A bot herder usually uses a pseudonym to keep themselves anonymous, and may use proxy servers, shell accounts and bouncers to conceal their IP address thus maintaining anonymity. Bot herder Bot herders are hackers who use automated techniques to scan specific network ranges and find vulnerable systems, such as machines without current security patches, on which to install their bot program. The infected machine then has become one of many zombies in a botnet and responds to commands given by the bot herder, usually via an Internet Relay Chat channel. One of the new bot herders includes the controller of Conficker. A bot herder usually uses a pseudonym to keep themselves anonymous, and may use proxy servers, shell accounts and bouncers to conceal their IP address thus"
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"Neiman Marcus Building The Neiman Marcus Building is a historic commercial structure located in the Main Street District in downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). The structure, is the corporate headquarters and flagship store of Neiman Marcus. It is the last of the original department stores still serving downtown Dallas. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a contributing property of the Dallas Downtown Historic District. The building was designed for Neiman Marcus to replace its previous store on Elm Street which burned in 1913. Designed to be fireproof and accommodate additional floors as needed, the red brick and white stone building opened in 1914 with four floors at the corner of Main and Ervay. In 1926, the company leased adjacent land and an identical four-story addition extended the store facing Ervay to Commerce Street that it completed in 1927. This addition, designed by architect George Dahl, doubled the retail space, replaced the exterior brick veneer with white terra cotta, and enlarged the store's entrances. The design of the building was based on Renaissance Revival architecture, and the interior featured an impressive double staircase. In 1931, the building was air-conditioned in an elaborate stunt from New York offices via a Western Union link. The building continued to expand with growth, and in 1941 every floor of the building was remodeled. Over the years, the store acquired adjacent land to the west along Commerce Street and Main Street. Beginning in 1951 and ending in 1953 two additional floors were added to the original building in a similar but less detailed manner, bringing the store to six floors. New six-story structures, modern in style, were built adjacent to the store along Commerce Street and Main Street. These additions again doubled the size of the store, although the new buildings did not match the original store's design. The additions provided greater room for employee services, a penthouse restaurant and expanded departments. During the late 1950s, a seventh floor was added in a similar style to the previous fifth and sixth floor additions. On December 19, 1964, the building burned in the costliest blaze in the city's history, destroying $5–10 million in merchandise, art objects and antique furniture. Remarkably, the building was not destroyed, and it reopened just 27 days later. The last major expansion added two floors to the top of the entire complex in 1983, giving the structure a height of nine stories. These additional floors provided more room for the growing department store chain's corporate offices. During the late 1980s, Neiman Marcus considered leaving the building for a new downtown shopping center, but with revitalization of the Main Street District the store remained in its original location. Today, the flagship store serves as an important anchor in the Dallas retail scene as a reminder of the city's retailing history. Neiman Marcus Building The Neiman Marcus Building is a historic commercial structure located in the Main Street District in downtown Dallas, Texas (USA). The structure, is the corporate headquarters"
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"Leucine-rich repeat A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β horseshoe fold. It is composed of repeating 20–30 amino acid stretches that are unusually rich in the hydrophobic amino acid leucine. These repeats commonly fold together to form a solenoid protein domain, termed leucine-rich repeat domain. Typically, each repeat unit has beta strand-turn-alpha helix structure, and the assembled domain, composed of many such repeats, has a horseshoe shape with an interior parallel beta sheet and an exterior array of helices. One face of the beta sheet and one side of the helix array are exposed to solvent and are therefore dominated by hydrophilic residues. The region between the helices and sheets is the protein's hydrophobic core and is tightly sterically packed with leucine residues. Leucine-rich repeats are frequently involved in the formation of protein–protein interactions. Leucine-rich repeat motifs have been identified in a large number of functionally unrelated proteins. The best-known example is the ribonuclease inhibitor, but other proteins such as the tropomyosin regulator tropomodulin and the toll-like receptor also share the motif. In fact, the toll-like receptor possesses 10 successive LRR motifs which serve to bind pathogen- and danger-associated molecular patterns. Although the canonical LRR protein contains approximately one helix for every beta strand, variants that form beta-alpha superhelix folds sometimes have long loops rather than helices linking successive beta strands. One leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV) has a novel repetitive structural motif consisting of alternating alpha- and 3-helices arranged in a right-handed superhelix, with the absence of the beta-sheets present in other leucine-rich repeats. Leucine-rich repeats are often flanked by N-terminal and C-terminal cysteine-rich domains, but not always as is the case with C5orf36 They also co-occur with LRR adjacent domains. These are small, all beta strand domains, which have been structurally described for the protein Internalin (InlA) and related proteins InlB, InlE, InlH from the pathogenic bacterium \"Listeria monocytogenes\". Their function appears to be mainly structural: They are fused to the C-terminal end of leucine-rich repeats, significantly stabilising the LRR, and forming a common rigid entity with the LRR. They are themselves not involved in protein-protein-interactions but help to present the adjacent LRR-domain for this purpose. These domains belong to the family of Ig-like domains in that they consist of two sandwiched beta sheets that follow the classical connectivity of Ig-domains. The beta strands in one of the sheets is, however, much smaller than in most standard Ig-like domains, making it somewhat of an outlier. An iron sulphur cluster is found at the N-terminus of some proteins containing the leucine-rich repeat variant domain (LRV). These proteins have a two-domain structure, composed of a small N-terminal domain containing a cluster of four Cysteine residues that houses the 4Fe:4S cluster, and a larger C-terminal domain containing the LRV repeats. Biochemical studies revealed that the 4Fe:4S cluster is sensitive to oxygen, but does not appear to have reversible redox activity. Leucine-rich repeat A leucine-rich repeat (LRR) is a protein structural motif that forms an α/β"
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"Common hawker The common hawker, moorland hawker or sedge darner (\"Aeshna juncea\") is one of the larger species of hawker dragonflies. It is native to Palearctic (from Ireland to Japan) and northern North America. The flight period is from June to early October. It is long with a brown body. The male has a black abdomen with paired blue and yellow spots on each abdominal segment, and narrow stripes along the dorsal surface of the thorax. In the female, the abdomen is brown with yellow or sometimes green or blue spots. The wings of both sexes display a yellow costa (the major vein running along the leading edge of the wings). This species lacks the green thorax stripes of the southern hawker. Female common hawkers will sometimes dive out of the sky and feign death in order to avoid copulating with males. Common hawker The common hawker, moorland hawker or sedge darner (\"Aeshna juncea\") is one of the larger species of hawker dragonflies. It is native to Palearctic (from Ireland to Japan) and northern North America. The flight period is from June to early October. It is long with a brown body. The male has a black abdomen with paired"
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"Billy Hassett William Joseph Hassett (October 21, 1921 – November 15, 1992) was an American professional basketball player. A 5'11\" guard from the University of Notre Dame, where he also lettered in baseball, he was a consensus first team All American selection in 1945 and a second team selection in 1946. Hassett played five seasons (1946–51) in the National Basketball League, the Professional Basketball League of America, and the National Basketball Association as a member of the Buffalo Bisons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, the Chicago Gears, the Minneapolis Lakers, and the Baltimore Bullets. He averaged 4.5 points per game professionally in the NBA. He won an NBA championship with the Lakers in 1950 with teammate George Mikan. Hassett also played one year for the Georgetown Hoyas in 1942–43 (All American selection), playing in the NCAA Championship against Wyoming in 1943. Hassett played for the AAU Dow Chemics in 1944 after Georgetown dropped basketball due to World War II. He transferred to Notre Dame in 1945. Hassett managed the 24 second clock the first time it was used in the NBA at a Syracuse Nationals game. His brother, John Aloysious \"Buddy\" Hassett, played Major League Baseball for the Brooklyn Dodgers, the Boston Bees and Braves and the New York Yankees (1936–1942). 2.^ http://nbahoopsonline.com/teams/AtlantaHawks/History/Tricities/index.html 3.^http://peachbasketsociety.blogspot.com/2016/03/billy-hassett.html Billy Hassett William Joseph Hassett (October 21, 1921 – November 15, 1992) was an American professional basketball player. A 5'11\" guard from the University of Notre Dame, where he also lettered in baseball, he was a consensus first team All American selection in 1945 and a second team selection in 1946. Hassett played five seasons (1946–51) in the National Basketball League, the Professional Basketball League of America, and the National Basketball Association as a member of the Buffalo Bisons, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, the Chicago Gears, the Minneapolis Lakers, and the"
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"Kenneth Waltzer Kenneth Alan \"Kenny\" Waltzer (born December 23, 1942) is an American historian and educator, currently director of the Jewish Studies program at Michigan State University (MSU). His research on the Buchenwald concentration camp has focused on the rescue of children and youths inside the camp and has included some notable findings. Waltzer was born in New York and graduated from Harpur College at Binghamton University. He then earned a PhD in history from Harvard University. He has been affiliated with MSU since 1971, when he was appointed to the faculty and went there to help build their residential college in public affairs. During his career, he has served as dean and associate dean of MSU's James Madison College, and as director of MSU's general education program in the arts and humanities. He was awarded a State of Michigan Excellence in Teaching Award in 1990 and MSU's Outstanding Undergraduate Teacher Award in 1998. Waltzer helped build MSU's Jewish Studies and study abroad program in Israel during the 1990s. After a hiatus during the Second Intifada due to security concerns, Waltzer helped persuade MSU to reinstate the study abroad program in Israel in 2006. Waltzer's Buchenwald-related research at the International Tracing Service determined that Fyodor Michajlitschenko was the young man who rescued Israel Meir Lau from Buchenwald. Michajlitschenko was posthumously awarded Righteous Among the Nations designation by Yad Vashem in 2009. Waltzer was among the key figures who exposed fabrications in \"Angel at the Fence\", the cancelled Holocaust memoir by Herman Rosenblat. Waltzer's Buchenwald research led him to raise questions about Rosenblat's story of his imprisonment at Schlieben, a sub-camp of Buchenwald. Other witnesses interviewed by Waltzer said Rosenblat's story \"couldn’t possibly be true\" and was \"a figment of his imagination.\" Waltzer determined that maps of the camp also debunked Rosenblat's claims. Waltzer and his colleagues also determined that Rosenblat's wife and her family were hidden as local townspeople posing as Polish Catholics at a farm near Breslau, some 211 miles away from Schlieben. She could not have been heaving apples daily over the Schlieben camp fence. Waltzer recently was the historical consultant for \"Kinderblock 66\", a documentary about Buchenwald's kinderblock 66 and about the efforts of Czech Communist Antonin Kalina, part of the camp underground, to protect imprisoned children. Antonin Kalina was granted Righteous Among the Nations status by Yad Vashem posthumously in 2012 and the announcement was made as \"Kinderblock 66\" played at the Jerusalem Film Festival. Kenneth Waltzer Kenneth Alan \"Kenny\" Waltzer (born December 23, 1942) is an American historian and educator, currently director of the Jewish Studies program at Michigan State University (MSU). His research on the Buchenwald concentration camp has focused on the rescue of children and youths inside the camp and has included some notable findings. Waltzer was born in New York and graduated from Harpur College at Binghamton University. He then earned a PhD in history from Harvard University. He has been affiliated with MSU since 1971, when he was appointed to the"
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"Adolph W. Schmidt Adolph William Schmidt (September 13, 1904 – December 17, 2000) was a prominent Pittsburgh philanthropist who served as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1969 to 1974. Adolph W. Schmidt was born in 1904 and raised in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Princeton University and Harvard Business School. He met his future wife, Helen \"Patsy\" Mellon (great-granddaughter of Thomas Mellon, founder of the Mellon Bank), during a fox hunt at the Rolling Rock Club in the Ligonier Valley. The two married in 1936. He served as an intelligence officer during World War II. After the war, Schmidt became president of the A. W. Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust, serving in that role from 1946 to 1969. In this capacity, he played a major role in \"Renaissance I\", the urban renewal of Pittsburgh. He was also heavily involved in the creation of the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. He represented the United States at the 1957 Conference on North Atlantic Community and at the 1962 Atlantic Convention of NATO Nations. In 1969, President of the United States Richard Nixon named Schmidt United States Ambassador to Canada. Ambassador Schmidt presented his credentials on September 11, 1969, and served as the U.S. representative in Ottawa until January 29, 1974. Schmidt also served as president of the Presbyterian-University Hospital, was one of the co-founders of the Pittsburgh Playhouse, and was the first chairman of the Three Rivers Arts Festival. Schmidt died on December 17, 2000, at the age of 96. Adolph W. Schmidt Adolph William Schmidt (September 13, 1904 – December 17, 2000) was a prominent Pittsburgh philanthropist who served as United States Ambassador to Canada from 1969 to 1974. Adolph W. Schmidt was born in 1904 and raised in McKeesport, Pennsylvania. He was educated at Princeton"
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"Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus is an instrumental record by Omar Rodríguez-López released by Infrasonic Sound. It is one of four solo albums completed in 2001 by Omar Rodríguez-López during the interim period following the demise of At the Drive-In and the formation of The Mars Volta. \"Absence...\" was tracked at Doug Messenger's North Hollywood studio only a few weeks after Rodriguez-Lopez recorded \"\" there, and is comparable to that project in both sound and atmosphere. The album features several tracks that were \"originally intended for use by The Mars Volta\". The second half of \"Hands Tied to the Roots of a Hemorrhage\" was reworked as a middle section of \"Eriatarka\" on The Mars Volta's first full-length, \"De-loused in the Comatorium\". \"Tied Prom Digs on the Docks\" features musical ideas that were later used on \"Cassandra Gemini\" on \"Frances the Mute\". In addition, the song \"Teflon\" from the 2009 album \"Octahedron\" would be based on the instrumental \"A Story Teeth Rotted For\". No personnel credits are listed in the insert for either the LP or CD, though it features a photograph of Jeremy Michael Ward never seen prior to this release. According to press release, Ward didn't play on the album but was present during the sessions. Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fungus is an instrumental record by Omar Rodríguez-López released by Infrasonic Sound. It is one of four solo albums completed in 2001 by Omar Rodríguez-López during the interim period following the demise of At the Drive-In and the formation of The Mars Volta. \"Absence...\" was tracked at Doug Messenger's North Hollywood studio only a few weeks after Rodriguez-Lopez recorded \"\" there, and is comparable to that project in both sound and atmosphere. The album features"
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"Efthymios Tsimikalis Efthymios Tsimikalis (, 1879–1943) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of lieutenant general. He was particularly notable for this role in World War I and in the politics of the interwar period in Greece. Efthymios Tsimikalis was born on 17 June 1879 in Agrinio. He entered the Hellenic Army Academy, graduating on 16 July 1900 as an Infantry 2nd Lieutenant. He then continued his studies for two years in France. During the Balkan Wars of 1912–13 he served as company and battalion commander in the 6th Infantry Regiment, being wounded in the Battle of Sarantaporo. In August 1916 he joined Eleftherios Venizelos' Provisional Government of National Defence in Thessaloniki, and was charged with the formation of the 5th Regiment of the new Archipelago Division. Tsimikalis led the regiment to the front in May 1917, and fought with distinction in the Macedonian Front, particularly in the Battle of Skra-di-Legen in May 1918, where the 5th Archipelago Regiment led the main assault on the Bulgarian positions. Following victory at Skra, he was posted as garrison commander of Athens. In September 1920 he assumed command of the Crete Division, but following the electoral defeat of Venizelos in November 1920 he was dismissed in February 1921 and placed on suspended service. He was recalled to active service after the September 1922 Revolution, and commanded the 10th Infantry Division in the Army of the Evros (1922–23) and the IV Army Corps until 1925, when he was again suspended. Recalled to active service after the end of the dictatorship of Theodoros Pangalos, he held various corps and higher commands thereafter. In March 1933 he was a member of the emergency \"Government of the Lieutenant Generals\" under Alexandros Othonaios, that assumed power to counter the abortive coup attempt led by Nikolaos Plastiras. He held the posts of Minister for the Interior (6–10 March) and Finance Minister (6–7 March). He died in 1943. A street is named in his honour in his home town of Agrinio. Efthymios Tsimikalis Efthymios Tsimikalis (, 1879–1943) was a Hellenic Army officer who rose to the rank of lieutenant general. He was particularly notable for this role in World War I and in the politics of the interwar period in Greece. Efthymios Tsimikalis was born on 17 June 1879 in Agrinio. He entered the Hellenic Army Academy, graduating on 16 July 1900 as an Infantry 2nd Lieutenant."
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"Cumberland Fossil Plant Cumberland Fossil Plant is a pulverized coal-fired power station located west of Cumberland City, Tennessee, USA, on the south bank of Lake Barkley on the Cumberland River. Owned and operated by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), it has a net capacity of 2,470 MW, and is the most powerful power station in Tennessee. Commissioned in 1968, the Cumberland Fossil Plant contains two identical units, rated at 1.3 GWe each (1,235 MWe net), Units 1 and 2 were launched into service in March and November 1973, respectively. In 2004, the two units accounted for almost 12% of TVA's total electricity generation. As of the mid 2010s, however, TVA's Sequoyah Nuclear Plant near Soddy Daisy, Tennessee, with a slightly lower capacity, was generating more power. The Cumberland Fossil Plant has two of the tallest chimneys in the world at 1,001 feet (305 m), built in 1970. These chimneys are no longer in use, having been replaced with smaller chimneys connected to the scrubbers. Bituminous coal is delivered by barges along the Cumberland River waterway. The plant consumes about 20,000 tons of coal a day. All of the waste heat is dumped into Cumberland River water. To reduce sulfur dioxide (SO) emissions, both units at Cumberland use wet limestone scrubbers. To reduce nitrogen oxides (NO), the units use low-NO burners as well as selective catalytic reduction systems, which were completed in 2004. Cumberland Fossil Plant Cumberland Fossil Plant is a pulverized coal-fired power station located west of Cumberland City, Tennessee, USA, on the south bank of Lake Barkley on the Cumberland River. Owned and operated by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), it has a net capacity of 2,470 MW, and is the most powerful power station in Tennessee. Commissioned in 1968, the Cumberland Fossil Plant contains two identical units, rated at 1.3"
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"Agroha Dham Agroha (Devnagari: अग्रोहा धाम) is a Hindu temple complex in Agroha, India. Construction started in 1976 and was completed in 1984. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Mahalakshmi. The decision to construct the temple was made at the convention of All India Aggarwal Representatives in 1976. The trust was established for this purpose under Shri Krishna Modi and Rameshwar Das Gupta. The land was donated to the trust by Laxmi Narain Gupta and construction was started under the supervision of Tilak Raj Aggarwal. The construction of the main temple was completed in 1984 while construction of other features started in 1985 under Subhash Goel. The main temple is divided into three wings. The central wing is dedicated to Hindu goddess Mahalakshmi, western wing to goddess Saraswati and eastern wing to Maharaja Agrasena. \"Shakti Sarovar\" is a large pond behind the temple complex. It was filled with water from 41 rivers of India in 1988. A platform at the north-west end depicts the scene of \"Samudra manthan\". A naturopathy center is located near \"Shakti Sarovar\", where treatment is done through yoga. An amusement park with a boating site has been built near the complex. \"Agroha Vikas Trust\" is the temple board responsible for the building and maintenance of the temple complex. It was founded in 1976. The \"Agroha Maha Kumbh\" festival is held every year on Sharad Purnima. Agroha Dham Agroha (Devnagari: अग्रोहा धाम) is a Hindu temple complex in Agroha, India. Construction started in 1976 and was completed in 1984. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Mahalakshmi. The decision to construct the temple was made at the convention of All India Aggarwal Representatives in 1976. The trust was established for this purpose under Shri Krishna Modi and Rameshwar Das Gupta. The land was donated"
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"Bush Doctrine The Bush Doctrine refers to various related foreign policy principles of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush. These principles include unilateralism and the use of preventative war. Charles Krauthammer first used the phrase in June 2001 to describe the Bush Administration's \"...unilaterally withdrawing from the ABM treaty and rejecting the Kyoto protocol.\" After the 9/11 attack, the phrase described the policy that the United States had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups, which was used to justify the 2001 war in Afghanistan. The Bush Doctrine became strongly associated with the Bush administration's decision to invade Iraq in 2003. Different pundits have attributed different meanings to the Bush Doctrine. It was used to describe specific policy elements, including a strategy of \"preemptive strikes\" as a defense against an immediate or perceived future threat to the security of the United States. This policy principle was applied particularly in the Middle East to counter international terrorist organizations and to justify the invasion of Iraq. Generally, the Bush Doctrine was used to indicate a willingness to unilaterally pursue U.S. military interests. Some of these policies were codified in a National Security Council text entitled the \"National Security Strategy of the United States\" published on September 20, 2002. The phrase \"Bush Doctrine\" was rarely used by members of the Bush administration. The expression was used at least once, though, by Vice President Dick Cheney, in a June 2003 speech in which he said, \"If there is anyone in the world today who doubts the seriousness of the Bush Doctrine, I would urge that person to consider the fate of the Taliban in Afghanistan, and of Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq.\" The main elements of the Bush Doctrine were delineated in a document, the \"National Security Strategy of the United States\", published on September 17, 2002. This document is often cited as the definitive statement of the doctrine. It was updated in 2006 and is stated as follows: The Bush Doctrine is defined as \"a collection of strategy principles, practical policy decisions, and a set of rationales and ideas for guiding United States foreign policy.\" Some of these had reemerged from the 1992 draft Wolfowitz Doctrine, which had been leaked and disavowed by the first Bush administration; Wolfowitz, as deputy secretary of defense, was at the center of the new Bush administration's strategic planning. Two main pillars are identified for the doctrine: 1.) preemptive strikes against potential enemies and 2.) promoting democratic regime change. The George W. Bush administration claimed that the US was locked in a global war; a war of ideology, in which its enemies are bound together by a common ideology and a common hatred of democracy. Out of the \"National Security Strategy\", four main points are highlighted as the core to the Bush Doctrine: 1.) Preemption, 2.) Military Primacy, 3.) New Multilateralism, and 4.) the Spread of Democracy. The document emphasized preemption, stating, \"America is now threatened less by conquering states than we are by failing ones. We are menaced less by fleets and armies than by catastrophic technologies in the hands of the embittered few,\" and required \"defending the United States, the American people, and our interests at home and abroad by identifying and destroying the threat before it reaches our borders.\" Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld remarked thus in 2006, in a statement taken to reflect his view of the Doctrine's efficacy: \"If I were rating, I would say we probably deserve a D or D+ as a country as how well we're doing in the battle of ideas that's taking place. I'm not going to suggest that it's easy, but we have not found the formula as a country.\" In his 2010 memoir \"Decision Points\", President Bush articulates his discrete concept of the Bush Doctrine. He stated that his doctrine consisted of four \"prongs,\" three of them practical, and one idealistic. They are the following: (In his words) Unilateral elements were evident early in Bush's presidency. Conservative Charles Krauthammer, who coined the term \"Bush Doctrine,\" deployed \"unilateralism,\" in February 2001 to refer to Bush's increased unilateralism in foreign policy, specifically regarding his decision to withdraw from the ABM treaty. There is some evidence that Bush's willingness for the US to act unilaterally came even earlier. The \"International Journal of Peace Studies\" 2003 article \"The Bush administration's image of Europe: From ambivalence to rigidity\" states: The doctrine was developed more fully as an executive branch response following the September 11 attacks. The attacks presented a foreign policy challenge, since it was not Afghanistan that had initiated the attacks, and there was no evidence that they had any foreknowledge of them. In an address to the nation on the evening of September 11, Bush stated his resolution of the issue by declaring that, \"We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them.\" The President made an even more aggressive restatement of this principle in his September 20, 2001 address to a Joint Session of Congress: White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer later wrote in an autobiographical account of that address, \"In a speech hailed by the press and by Democrats, [the President] announced what became known as the 'Bush Doctrine'\". The first published reference after the 9/11 attacks to the terror-fighting doctrine appeared September 30 in an op-ed by political scientist Neal Coates. This policy was used to justify the invasion of Afghanistan in October 2001, and has since been applied to American military action against Al Qaeda camps in North-West Pakistan. Bush addressed the cadets at the U.S. Military Academy (West Point) on June 1, 2002, and made clear the role pre-emptive war would play in the future of American foreign policy and national defense: The stance of the Bush administration was that the harsh measures to spread the democracy worldwide are inevitable and efficacious, in which for instance, liberating Iraq will plant democracy in the area and enable it to flourish in the rest of the Middle East. Two distinct schools of thought arose in the Bush Administration regarding how to handle countries such as Iraq, Iran, and North Korea (the so-called \"Axis of Evil\" states). Secretary of State Colin Powell and National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, as well as U.S. Department of State specialists, argued for what was essentially the continuation of existing U.S. foreign policy. These policies, developed after the Cold War, sought to establish a multilateral consensus for action (which would likely take the form of increasingly harsh sanctions against the problem states, summarized as the policy of containment). The opposing view, argued by Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, and a number of influential Department of Defense policy makers like Paul Wolfowitz and Richard Perle, held that direct and unilateral action was both possible and justified and that America should embrace the opportunities for democracy and security offered by its position as sole remaining superpower. In several speeches between late 2001 and 2002, Bush expanded on his view of the US foreign policy and global intervention, declaring that the US should actively support democratic governments around the world, especially in the Middle East, as a strategy for combating the threat of terrorism, and that the nation had to act unilaterally in its own security interests, without approval of international bodies like the United Nations. This represented a departure from the Cold War policies of deterrence and containment under the Truman Doctrine and post–Cold War philosophies such as the Powell Doctrine and the Clinton Doctrine. In his 2003 State of the Union",
"and that America should embrace the opportunities for democracy and security offered by its position as sole remaining superpower. In several speeches between late 2001 and 2002, Bush expanded on his view of the US foreign policy and global intervention, declaring that the US should actively support democratic governments around the world, especially in the Middle East, as a strategy for combating the threat of terrorism, and that the nation had to act unilaterally in its own security interests, without approval of international bodies like the United Nations. This represented a departure from the Cold War policies of deterrence and containment under the Truman Doctrine and post–Cold War philosophies such as the Powell Doctrine and the Clinton Doctrine. In his 2003 State of the Union Address, Bush declared: After his second inauguration, in a January 2006 speech at National Defense University, Bush said: \"The defense of freedom requires the advance of freedom.\" Neoconservatives and the Bush Doctrine held that the hatred for the West and the United States particularly exists not because of actions perpetrated by the US, but rather because the countries from which terrorists emerge are in social disarray and do not experience the freedom that is an intrinsic part of democracy. The Bush Doctrine holds that enemies of the US use terrorism as a war of ideology against the nation. The responsibility of the US is to protect itself by promoting democracy where the terrorists are located so as to undermine the basis for terrorist activities. The development of the doctrine was influenced by neoconservative ideology, and it was considered to be a step from the political realism of the Reagan Doctrine. The Reagan Doctrine was considered key to American foreign policy until the end of the Cold War, just before Bill Clinton became president of the United States. The Reagan Doctrine was considered anti-Communist and in opposition to Soviet Union global influence, but later spoke of a peace dividend towards the end of the Cold War with economic benefits of a \"decrease\" in defense spending. The Reagan Doctrine was strongly criticized by the neoconservatives, who also became disgruntled with the outcome of the Gulf War and United States foreign policy under Bill Clinton, sparking them to call for change towards global stability through their support for active intervention and the democratic peace theory. Several central persons in the counsel to the George W. Bush administration considered themselves to be neoconservatives or strongly support their foreign policy ideas. Neoconservatives are widely known to long have supported the overthrow of Saddam Hussein in Iraq, and on January 26, 1998, the Project for the New American Century (PNAC) sent a public letter to then-President Bill Clinton stating: Among the signatories to PNAC's original statement of Principals is George H. W. Bush's Vice President Dan Quayle, George W. Bush's defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld, his deputy defense secretary Paul Wolfowitz, his Vice President Dick Cheney, and his brother Jeb Bush. PNAC member and the chairman of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee (DPBAC), Neoconservative Richard Perle, later expressed regret over the Iraq invasion and ultimately put the blame for the invasion on President George W. Bush. Other Bush cabinet members who are thought to have adopted neoconservative foreign policy thinking include Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. The Bush Doctrine, in line with long-standing neoconservative ideas, held that the United States is entangled in a global war of ideas between the western values of freedom on the one hand, and extremism seeking to destroy them on the other; a war of ideology where the United States must take responsibility for security and show leadership in the world by actively seeking out the enemies and also change those countries who are supporting enemies. The Bush Doctrine, and neoconservative reasoning, held that containment of the enemy as under the Realpolitik of Reagan did not work, and that the enemy of United States must be destroyed pre-emptively before they attack—using all the United States' available means, resources and influences to do so. On the book \"Winning the War on Terror\" Dr. James Forest, U.S. Military Academy Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, comments: \"While the West faces uncertainties in the struggle against militant Islam's armies of darkness, and while it is true that we do not yet know precisely how it will end, what has become abundantly clear is that the world will succeed in defeating militant Islam because of the West's flexible, democratic institutions and its all-encompassing ideology of freedom.\" Another part of the intellectual underpinning of the Bush Doctrine was the 2004 book \"The Case for Democracy\", written by Israeli politician and author Natan Sharansky and Israeli Minister of Economic Affairs in the United States Ron Dermer, which Bush has cited as influential in his thinking. The book argues that replacing dictatorships with democratic governments is both morally justified, since it leads to greater freedom for the citizens of such countries, and strategically wise, since democratic countries are more peaceful, and breed less terrorism than dictatorial ones. Princeton University research fellow Dr. Jonathan Monten, in his 2005 \"International Security\" journal article \"The Roots of the Bush Doctrine: Power, Nationalism, and Democracy Promotion in U.S. Strategy\", attributed the Bush administration's activist democracy promotion to two main factors: the expansion of material capabilities, and the presence of a nationalist domestic ideology. He claims that the Bush Doctrine promotion of democracy abroad was held as vital by the Bush administration to the success of the United States in the \"war on terror\". It was also a key objective of the administration's grand strategy of expanding the political and economic influence of the United States internationally. He examines two contending approaches to the long-term promotion of democracy: \"\"exemplarism,\"\" or leadership by example, and \"\"vindicationism,\"\" or the direct application of United States power, including the use of coercive force. Whereas exemplarism largely prevailed in the 20th century, vindicationism has been the preferred approach of the Bush administration. The Bush Doctrine resulted in criticism and controversy. Peter D. Feaver, who worked on the Bush national security strategy as a staff member on the National Security Council, said he has counted as many as seven distinct Bush doctrines. One of the drafters of the National Security Strategy of the United States, which is commonly mistakenly referred to as the \"Bush Doctrine,\" demurred at investing the statement with too much weight. \"I actually never thought there was a Bush doctrine,\" said Philip D. Zelikow, who later served as State Department counselor under Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. \"Indeed, I believe the assertion that there is such a doctrine lends greater coherence to the administration's policies than they deserve.\" Zbigniew Brzezinski, Jimmy Carter's national security adviser, said he thought there was no \"single piece of paper\" that represents the Bush doctrine. And yet there are inspections that indicate such strategies that are concentrated on liberalism and democracy follow the mainstream of American diplomatic traditions. With the adherence to liberal and universal political ideals, evangelism, and perceived obligations to disseminate the norms internationally, the United States historically played its role as an agent of liberal change in international arena. Experts on geopolitical strategy note that Halford Mackinder's theories in \"The Geographical Pivot of History\" about the \"Heartland\" and world resource control are still as valid today as when they were formulated. In his 2007 book \"In the Defense of the Bush",
"Jimmy Carter's national security adviser, said he thought there was no \"single piece of paper\" that represents the Bush doctrine. And yet there are inspections that indicate such strategies that are concentrated on liberalism and democracy follow the mainstream of American diplomatic traditions. With the adherence to liberal and universal political ideals, evangelism, and perceived obligations to disseminate the norms internationally, the United States historically played its role as an agent of liberal change in international arena. Experts on geopolitical strategy note that Halford Mackinder's theories in \"The Geographical Pivot of History\" about the \"Heartland\" and world resource control are still as valid today as when they were formulated. In his 2007 book \"In the Defense of the Bush Doctrine\", Robert G. Kaufman wrote: \"No one grasped the logics or implications of this transformation better than Halford Mackinder. His prescient theories, first set forth in \"Geographical Pivot of History\", published in 1904, have rightly shaped American grand strategy since World War II. Mackinder warned that any single power dominating Eurasia, \"the World Island\", as he called it, would have the potential to dominate the world, including the United States.\" Kaufman is a political scientist, public policy professor and member of The Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee. He said in an interview about the book: \"I wrote this book because of my conviction that the Bush Doctrine has a more compelling logic and historical pedigree than people realize.\" The Bush Doctrine was polarizing both domestically and internationally. In 2008, polls showed there was more anti-Americanism than before the Bush administration formed the Bush Doctrine; this increase was probably, at least partially, a result of implementing the Bush doctrine and conservative foreign policy. The foreign policy of the Bush Doctrine was subject to controversy both in the United States and internationally. Some critics of the policies were suspicious of the increasing willingness of the United States to use military force unilaterally. Robert W. Tucker and David C. Hendrickson argued that it reflects a turn away from international law, and marks the end of American legitimacy in foreign affairs. Others have stated that it could lead to other states resorting to the production of WMD or terrorist activities. This doctrine is argued to be contrary to the just war theory and would constitute a war of aggression. Patrick J. Buchanan wrote that the 2003 invasion of Iraq had significant similarities to the 1996 neoconservative policy paper \"\". Political scientist Karen Kwiatkowski in 2007 wrote on her article \"Making Sense of the Bush Doctrine\": We are killing terrorists in self-defense and for the good of the world, you see. We are taking over foreign countries, setting them up with our favorite puppets \"in charge,\" controlling their economy, their movements, their dress codes, their defensive projects, and their dreams, solely because we love them, and apparently can't live without them. According to Buchanan and others, the Bush Doctrine was a radical departure from former United States foreign policies, and a continuation of the ideological roots of neoconservatism. Initially, support for the United States was high, but by the end of the Bush administration, after seven years of war, anti-Americanism was high and criticism of the Bush Doctrine was widespread; nonetheless the doctrine still had support among some United States political leaders. The representation of prominent neoconservatives and their influences on the Bush Doctrine had been highly controversial among the American public. Critics, like John Micklethwait in the book \"The Right Nation\", claim that Bush was deceived by neoconservatives into adopting their policies. Anti-war critics have claimed that the Bush Doctrine was strongly polarizing domestically, had estranged allies of the United States, and belied Bush's stated desire to be a \"uniter, not a divider\". Bush often talked about his belief in compassionate conservatism and liberty as \"God's gift\". In his Claremont Institute article \"Democracy and the Bush Doctrine\", Charles R. Kesler wrote, \"As he begins his second term, the president and his advisors must take a hard, second look at the Bush Doctrine. In many respects, it is the export version of compassionate conservatism.\" There is also criticism on Bush Doctrine practices related to their sociopsychological effects saying they create a culture of fear. Naomi Klein wrote in her book \"The Shock Doctrine\" about a recurrent metaphor of shock, and she claimed in an interview that the Bush administration continued to exploit a \"window of opportunity that opens up in a state of shock\", followed by a comforting rationale for the public, as a form of social control. Some commentators argue that the Bush Doctrine has not aimed to support genuine democratic regimes driven by local peoples, but rather US-friendly regimes installed by diplomats acting on behalf of the United States, and intended only to seem democratic to U.S. voters. For example, in the case of Afghanistan, it is argued that parliamentary democracy was downplayed by the US and power concentrated in the hands of the Afghan president Hamid Karzai, a U.S. ally. The election of Karzai has been described as the result of manipulation on the parts of the U.S. government and U.S. policy maker Zalmay Khalilzad. At the same time, these commentators draw attention to the number of unpopular (but U.S.-friendly) warlords achieving \"legitimating\" positions under U.S. supervision of the elections. Some commentators interpreted voter turnout figures as evidence of \"large-scale fraud\". Sonali Kolhatkar and James Ingalls have written, \"It remains to be seen if U.S. policy makers will ever allow anything approaching democracy to break out in Afghanistan and interfere with their plans.\" Of the elections in Afghanistan, Sima Samar, former Afghan Minister for Women's Affairs, stated, \"This is not a democracy, it is a rubber stamp. Everything has already been decided by the powerful ones.\" Most studies of American intervention have been pessimistic about the history of the United States exporting democracy. John A. Tures examined 228 cases of American intervention from 1973 to 2005, using Freedom House data. A plurality of interventions, 96, caused no change in the country's democracy. In 69 instances the country became less democratic after the intervention. In the remaining 63 cases, a country became more democratic. Bush Doctrine The Bush Doctrine refers to various related foreign policy principles of the 43rd President of the United States, George"
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"Art mac Flaitnia Art mac Flaitnia, or Art mac Flaithnia, King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, (d.772). The succession to the kingship is uncertain the death of Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile in 696, a reflection of Aidhne's drastic reduction in status. Art is only one of two rulers of the kingdoms known from the 8th-century. Art is recorded as having been killed in 772 along with his neighbor Aedh Ailghin, King of Ui Maine. The \"Annals of the Four Masters\" claim they were slain. During the middle-decades of the century, the Déisi Tuisceart (later known as the Dál gCais) annexed what is now called County Clare into Munster, calling it Thomond. It has remained a part of Munster to the present day. Art mac Flaitnia Art mac Flaitnia, or Art mac Flaithnia, King of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne, (d.772). The succession to the kingship is uncertain the death of Fergal Aidne mac Artgaile in 696, a reflection of Aidhne's drastic reduction in status. Art is only one of two rulers of the kingdoms known from the 8th-century. Art is recorded as having been killed in 772 along with his neighbor Aedh Ailghin, King of Ui Maine. The \"Annals of the Four Masters\""
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"Zapoppin' Zapoppin' are an alternative band from Falmouth, Cornwall, UK. As of 2016 the group consists of Luke Richards on organ and vocals, and Matthew Collington on drums and vocals. The band have been noted for their 'black humour and obtuse lyrical themes' by \"Clash\", and were said that they 'could be the face of a new strain of folk once everyone has recovered from their Mumford measles' by \"247 Magazine\". Tom Sharpe and Luke Richards met in 2005 while studying at University College Falmouth. The band formed in January 2007 and played their first official show supporting Alex Neilson's and David Keenan's free jazz duo Tight Meat. The following October Zapoppin' self-released their debut album, \"Z 1\". In 2008 Zapoppin' enlisted Samuel Brettingham on the cajón and lagerphone. The following year they recorded and self-released their second album, \"Parma Violence\" (the track \"Hoisted\" was the first by the band to receive radio airplay), as well as \"The Introducin' Zapoppin' EP\" to promote themselves on their first European tour across Germany and The Netherlands. One review for the Zapoppin' live show during this period published by \"Stranger\" noted the band's 'wake-up-the-dead energy' and having 'enough discords and attitude to fill all the cracks in the walls.' \"Antiquarian Party Ballads For Dames\", the band's label debut for Serious Types, was released the following October. The 'mutoid music...fierce banjo and demented harmonium' as described by \"Jam\" earned the record a place as one of their \"Jam Favourites of 2010,\" while a four-star review from \"247 Magazine\" compared its sounds to 'an excitable Blyth Power had they used banjo and harmonium instead of crunchy guitars.' The track \"Oops, you're a racist\" received airplay on London-based Resonance FM, most notably as part of their last broadcast of the year, \"New Year's Eve: A Natural Selection – the pick of 2010.\" Samuel Brettingham left the band shortly after the album's release to sail the Mediterranean sea. Zapoppin' returned as the duo of Richards (now on 'Z-Kit') and Sharpe (playing harmonium as well as banjo) in 2011. They recorded again for Serious Types with eight tracks appearing across four double a-side singles released (primarily digitally) to accompany a tour in France and Switzerland during June. The singles were later compiled into an eight-track EP (further expanded with extra tracks in March 2012), \"The First Four Singles\". Reviews for the compilation were generally favourable (receiving four stars from \"247 Magazine\") and often focussed on the band's surreal nature, with Dave Dryden of \"The Final Skin\" writing 'If Zapoppin' were an animal, they'd be a featherless emu or a whelk-sized tapir, the kind of previously undiscovered species that finds itself on the front page of New Scientist or the National Geographic.' In October 2011, Zapoppin' recorded a live session for Resonance FM and announced that their next release would be a collaboration with London-based electronic musician, Jaxson Payne. The \"Another Pearly Wotnot / Tears\" split 7\" EP was released during January 2012 in association with Damnsonic and Koept. In 2013, Matthew Collington joined Zapoppin' as their principle drummer. They released the \"Ugly Musick\" album in November and followed this with \"St Kreun: Songs of Land and Waterways\" in April 2016. Since 2016 the band have performed as a duo of Collington and Richards. They released \"Live At The Curse\" to coincide with Cassette Store Day 2017. Aside from the prominent use of the banjo, Zapoppin' have always used lesser-known and home-made instruments including harmoniums, cajóns, lagerphones, The Z-Kit (a homemade stomp-box, snare drum, cymbal and bell) and a vintage Hohner Symphonic 32 electric organ. Zapoppin' Zapoppin' are an"
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"Picasso (play) A Picasso is a two-character stage play based Jeffrey Hatcher. Originally commissioned by Philip Langner and the Theatre Guild. \"A Picasso\" received its world premier by The Philadelphia Theatre Company at Plays and Players Theater, in Philadelphia, opening on May 31, 2003. In occupied Paris, 1941, Pablo Picasso has been summoned from his favorite cafe and taken to a storage vault for an interrogation by Miss Fischer, a \"cultural attache\" from Berlin. She has been ordered to authenticate three Picasso paintings recently \"confiscated\" by the Nazis from their Jewish owners. The Nazi Ministry of Propaganda has planned an \"exhibition\" to burn \"degenerate art.\" Picasso engages Fischer in a desperate negotiation to save his work while the pair disucss art, politics, sex, and truth. Directed by John Tillinger. The play was presented by The Philadelphia Theatre Company, Philadelphia. Directed by John Tillinger. The play was presented by Coconut Grove Playhosue in Miami, Florida. Directed by John Tillinger. The play was presented by the Manhattan Theatre Club, New York City. Directed by Jiří Svoboda. The play was presented by the Ungelt Theatre in Prague. The play was won a prize Thalia for both an actor Milan Kňažko (nominated) and Vilma Cibulková (won). Picasso (play) A Picasso is a two-character stage play based Jeffrey Hatcher. Originally commissioned by Philip Langner and the Theatre Guild. \"A Picasso\" received its world premier by The Philadelphia Theatre Company at Plays and Players Theater, in Philadelphia, opening on May 31, 2003. In occupied Paris, 1941, Pablo Picasso has been summoned from his favorite cafe and taken to a storage vault for an interrogation by Miss Fischer, a \"cultural attache\" from Berlin. She has been ordered to authenticate three Picasso paintings recently \"confiscated\" by the Nazis from their Jewish owners. The Nazi Ministry of Propaganda has"
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"Rai Okamoto Rai Yukio Okamoto (July 21, 1927 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – July 7, 1993 in San Francisco, California) was an American architect and planner. He served as San Francisco's Director of Planning from 1975 to 1980. Okamoto was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He got his B.Arch. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1950; an M.Arch. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA in 1951; and an M.City Planning from Yale University in New Haven, CT in 1954. He served as a Fulbright Scholar in France in 1954 and 1955. He established the firm of Rai Y. Okamoto, Architect, in San Francisco, from 1960 to 1963. In 1963 he worked with the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency to develop a master plan for the second phase of the Japantown redevelopment. He served as Principal, President and Treasurer of the partnership Okamoto-Liskamm, Incorporated, Planners and Architects from 1964 to 1993. Okamoto-Liskamm was based in San Francisco, with branch offices in Seattle and New York. In 1966, Okamoto-Liskamm's master plan for the redevelopment of Oakland City Center received an award from Progressive Architecture. In 1969 he co-authored \"Urban Design Manhattan\" with Frank E. Williams for the Regional Plan Association. In the 1970s, he was hired by the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency to design Buchanan Mall in Japantown, and was responsible for inviting sculptor Ruth Asawa to provide public art for the design. He served as Director of Planning for the City and County of San Francisco from 1975 to 1980, following Allan Jacobs and succeeded by Dean Macris. Rai Okamoto Rai Yukio Okamoto (July 21, 1927 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – July 7, 1993 in San Francisco, California) was an American architect and planner. He served as San Francisco's Director of Planning from 1975 to 1980. Okamoto was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."
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"Nano-thermite Nano-thermite or super-thermite is a metastable intermolecular composite (MICs) characterized by a particle size of its main constituents, a metal and a metal oxide, under 100 nanometers. This allows for high and customizable reaction rates. Nano-thermites contain an oxidizer and a reducing agent, which are intimately mixed on the nanometer scale. MICs, including nano-thermitic materials, are a type of reactive materials investigated for military use, as well as for general applications involving propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. What distinguishes MICs from traditional thermites is that the oxidizer and a reducing agent, normally iron oxide and aluminium, are in the form of extremely fine powders (nanoparticles). This dramatically increases the reactivity relative to micrometre-sized powder thermite. As the mass transport mechanisms that slow down the burning rates of traditional thermites are not so important at these scales, the reaction proceeds much more quickly. Historically, pyrotechnic or explosive applications for traditional thermites have been limited due to their relatively slow energy release rates. Because nanothermites are created from reactant particles with proximities approaching the atomic scale, energy release rates are far greater. MICs or Super-thermites are generally developed for military use, propellants, explosives, incendiary devices, and pyrotechnics. Research into military applications of nano-sized materials began in the early 1990s. Because of their highly increased reaction rate, nanosized thermitic materials are being studied by the U.S. military with the aim of developing new types of bombs several times more powerful than conventional explosives. Nanoenergetic materials can store more energy than conventional energetic materials and can be used in innovative ways to tailor the release of this energy. Thermobaric weapons are one potential application of nanoenergetic materials. There are many possible thermodynamically stable fuel-oxidizer combinations. Some of them are: In military research, aluminium-molybdenum oxide, aluminium-Teflon and aluminium-copper(II) oxide have received considerable attention. Other compositions tested were based on nanosized RDX and with thermoplastic elastomers. PTFE or other fluoropolymer can be used as a binder for the composition. Its reaction with the aluminium, similar to magnesium/teflon/viton thermite, adds energy to the reaction. Of the listed compositions, that with potassium permanganate has the highest pressurization rate. A method for producing nano scale, or ultra fine grain (UFG) aluminum powders, a key component of most nano-thermitic materials, is the dynamic gas-phase condensation method, pioneered by Wayne Danen and Steve Son at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A variant of the method is being used at the Indian Head Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center. The powders made by both processes are indistinguishable. A critical aspect of the production is the ability to produce particles of sizes in the tens of nano-meter range, as well as with a limited distribution of particle sizes. In 2002, the production of nano-sized aluminum particles required considerable effort, and commercial sources for the material were limited. Current production levels are now beyond 100 kg/month. An application of the sol-gel method, developed by Randall Simpson, Alexander Gash and others at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, can be used to make the actual mixtures of nano-structured composite energetic materials. Depending on the process, MICs of different density can be produced. Highly porous and uniform products can be achieved by super-critical extraction. As with all explosives, research into control yet simplicity has been a goal of research into nanoscale explosives. Some can be ignited with laser pulses. MICs have been investigated as a possible replacement for lead (e.g. lead styphnate, lead azide) in percussion caps and electric matches. Compositions based on Al-BiO tend to be used. PETN may be optionally added. Aluminium powder can be added to nano explosives. Aluminium has a relatively low combustion rate and a high enthalpy of combustion. The products of a thermite reaction, resulting from ignition of the thermitic mixture, are usually metal oxides and elemental metals. At the temperatures prevailing during the reaction, the products can be solid, liquid or gaseous, depending on the components of the mixture. Like conventional thermite, super thermite reacts at very high temperature and is difficult to extinguish. The reaction produces dangerous ultra-violet (UV) light requiring that the reaction not be viewed directly, or that special eye protection (for example, a welder's mask) be worn. In addition, super thermites are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Surrounding the metal oxide particles with carbon nanofibers may make nanothermites safer to handle. Nano-thermite Nano-thermite or super-thermite is a metastable intermolecular composite (MICs) characterized by a particle size of its main constituents, a metal and a metal oxide, under 100 nanometers. This allows for high and customizable reaction rates. Nano-thermites contain an oxidizer and a reducing agent, which are intimately mixed on the nanometer scale. MICs, including nano-thermitic materials, are a type of reactive materials investigated for military use, as well as for general applications involving propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. What distinguishes MICs from traditional thermites is"
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"Marilyn Manson–Columbine High School massacre controversy After the massacre at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, one common view was that the violent actions perpetrated by the shooters, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, were due to violent influences in entertainment, specifically those in the music of Marilyn Manson. The earliest reports about the Columbine High School shooting linked Manson to the tragedy after students reported that Klebold and Harris were fans of Manson, though that was later proven to be false. Many also pointed out that the boys were dressed in trenchcoats, which they believed to be similar to Manson's typical attire. Some early headlines read, \"Killers Worshipped Rock Freak Manson\" and \"Devil-Worshipping Maniac Told Kids To Kill.\" Those taking a stance against Manson claimed that his rock group was perhaps the sickest group ever promoted by a mainstream record company. Michael Moore stated in his documentary, \"Bowling for Columbine\", that after the attack, it seemed that the entire focus was that the two killers were motivated to commit this act because they listened to Marilyn Manson. Interviewers and reporters such as Bill O'Reilly of Fox News's \"The O'Reilly Factor\" challenged Manson's messages in his songs. O'Reilly pointed out Manson's controversial behavior, such as committing a sexual act with another male live on stage. In response, Manson claimed that this was not planned and was entertaining at the time. O'Reilly also challenged Manson by stating that never before in the United States had there been more corrupting influences on the nation's youth at one time, and that while Manson claims that his messages are not meant to be taken a certain way, young people can misinterpret his lyrics. Two years after Columbine, Manson was expected to perform in Denver, Colorado at the Ozzfest at Mile High Stadium. As a result, protesters gathered to prevent Manson from performing. One speaker said that Marilyn Manson's music promoted what he called Columbine-like behavior, such as hate, violence, death, suicide, and drug use. The protesters were largely made up of the Citizens for Peace and Respect, an organization that consisted of locals, churches, and Columbine families. The blame that was placed on Marilyn Manson quickly circulated. The controversy was cited in news outlets around the world. While many protested Manson's appearance in Denver, others supported Manson. One spokesman for a Columbine victim's family told reporters that Manson shouldn't be expected to instill values in children and that he should be welcomed to Ozzfest. Though Manson initially refused to appear on news stations and talk shows, and he cancelled several shows out of respect for the victims of Columbine, he later spoke out in many different interviews. Upon being interviewed by Bill O'Reilly, Manson said that he initially declined interviews because he didn't want to contribute to giving the shooters the infamy that he believed they desired by committing such a terrible act. He cited the fact that the shooters were on the cover of Time Magazine and that the media gave them exactly what they wanted. During his appearance on \"The O'Reilly Factor,\" Manson also said that his lyrics do not promote suicidal thoughts but that they encourage getting through feelings like that. Two months after the Columbine shooting, \"Rolling Stone\" published an article by Marilyn Manson entitled, \"Columbine: Whose Fault Is It?\" In the article, he wrote that his lyrics are often misinterpreted, and that people believe that he is promoting things that he is actually trying to decry. In the \"Rolling Stones\" article, Manson also wrote that society's in-depth coverage of the Columbine tragedy was more gruesome than typical entertainment. In \"Bowling for Columbine\", Manson and Moore discussed that on the day of the Columbine tragedy, the United States dropped more bombs on Kosovo than any other time during the Kosovo War. Manson argued that the US president has more influence than himself, yet no one questioned whether the president was to blame. In interviews, Manson claimed that he does not promote violence, hate, suicide, and the other atrocities of which he has been accused. Rather, he promotes not being afraid to be different and to challenge societal views and norms. He repeatedly asserts that there is a difference between art and real life. In an interview, Manson said that being blamed for Columbine nearly ruined his career. He claimed that he had to pursue legal action against those who were so avidly associating his name with the Columbine shooting. He says that he has been blamed for more deaths than any musical artist in history. Shortly after the Columbine incident, Manson released a new video for \"The Fight Song\" off the band's album \"Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)\". Many assumed that it referenced the Columbine massacre by depicting a clash between jocks and goths. Manson denied that there was a connection. In a 2012 interview, Manson revealed that the album \"Born Villain\", which would be released that year, was named partially due to his blame for the Columbine shooting. He said that the title is perfect because he became vilified by society. Marilyn Manson–Columbine High School massacre controversy After the massacre at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, one common view was that the violent actions perpetrated by the shooters, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, were due to violent influences in entertainment, specifically those in the music of Marilyn Manson. The earliest reports about"
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"Estádio Municipal de Aveiro The Estádio Municipal de Aveiro is a football stadium in Aveiro, Portugal. It was designed for the UEFA Euro 2004 tournament by Portuguese architect Tomás Taveira. It has a capacity of 32,830 spectators, making it the fifth largest football ground in Portugal. Amongst the most notable football games at the venue are two matches of the UEFA Euro 2004 championship, five matches of the Portugal national team, and seven matches of the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira (Portuguese Super Cup). Estádio Municipal de Aveiro Stadium has an ambitious design that combines a simple and endearing shape with a liveliness of colours of every kind throughout the entire stadium. Therefore, the stadium conveys a sensation of jolliness that has a positive effect on the celebration of sports events. It was the intuition of architect Tomás Taveira to introduce intense tonality colours to the exterior of the stadium and to subsequently give a feeling of motion and a spectacular visual effect. Therefore, the stadium resembles a big toy for children with lots a coloured parts gathered together. The stadium's polychromy and dynamism is also reflected on the interior where four tribunes contain a curvilinear profile and multicoloured seats that characterize the stadium. The seats have different colours that are distributed in a random way. Red, green, yellow, blue, white, and black seats offer an original and chromatic animation and a strong feeling of dynamism and cheerfulness - even when the stadium is empty it looks as if the party has already started.The intentional use of different colours is also reflected in the most detailed aspects, from the entrance gates, to the pillars and supporting beams. Even the walls at the inner ambience are coloured. The roof also contributes to the harmonization process by making the stadium look like a big toy. It contains sharply red steel pylons that uphold sky-blue edges. From a more formal point of view, the slightly waved roof unifies the curved course of the underlying tribunes that offer a view over the pylons and its steel tie-beams. The following UEFA Euro 2004 - Group D - matches were held in the stadium: The following national team matches were held in the stadium. The following Portuguese Super Cup finals took place at this stadium: Estádio Municipal de Aveiro The Estádio Municipal de Aveiro is a football stadium in Aveiro, Portugal. It was designed for the UEFA"
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"Abdul Alim Musa Imam Abdul Alim Musa (born 1945 as Clarence Reams) is a Muslim American activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Institute of Contemporary Islamic Thought (ICIT) and a well-known speaker around the world. He is founder and director of As-Sabiqun and the Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare. Abdul Alim was born in Arkansas in 1945 but grew up in Oakland, California during the 1960s. It was during this period that he associated with H. Rap Brown (Imam Jamil Al-Amin), who later converted to Islam. Having set up a drug dealing operation in Colombia, Musa was arrested on charges including heroin smuggling, currency smuggling and assaulting a federal agent. After evading the authorities for several years, Musa fled to Algeria, where he came in contact with several self-exiled Black Panther leaders such as Eldridge Cleaver. After returning to the US, he turned himself in and was eventually incarcerated at the U.S. Federal Penitentiary in Leavenworth, Kan., among other institutions. While in prison, Musa converted to orthodox Sunni Islam. Musa supported the 1979 Iranian revolution, believing that it would lead to the revival of Islam. Following the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Musa publicly expressed his support for the Islamic Republic and its leader Ayatollah Khomeini. Since the early 1980s he made several visits to Iran as a representative of Muslims in the United States and a supporter of the Islamic revival. In February 2013 Imam Musa attended the International Conference on Hollywoodism and spoke out on Muslims portrait in Hollywood. He made connections with a wide array of Muslim leaders during the decade – both Sunni and Shia – and stressed that unity was a primary objective for the Islamic movements success. His references the writings of Malcolm X, Ayatollah Khomeini, Sayyid Qutb, Maulana Maududi, and Kalim Siddiqui. New members of the group are encouraged to individually familiarize themselves with the works of these political Islamic thinkers in addition to daily classes and lectures on classical Islamic studies, Arabic, hadith and Quran. According to the Jewish Anti-Defamation League, Musa \"propagates a radical and anti-Semitic ideology.\" They quote him as saying “Who ran the slave trade…who funded [it]? You’ll study and you will find out: the Jews…It was the Jewish bankers…in Vienna, with pockets full of money, funding and insuring, that’s who did it…. you can’t tell us about no holocaust. Between the African Americans and the Native Americans, everybody else’s stuff was small potatoes.” According to Benjamin Ginsberg, student groups the Associated Students of the University of Washington and the Black Students Commission allegedly sponsored \"a vehemently Anti-semitic\" speech by Musa, in which he asserted that America was controlled by Jews, and that \"Yahuds are the enemy of humanity.\" Critics have suggested that he promotes anti-Semitism in his speeches, which he defends are directed at Zionist supporters of Israel and not at Jewish people in general, although some of his statements suggest otherwise, such as: “Al-Amin…turned his ideas, his belief in Islam, into practical solutions for society. And they can’t stand that. Just like our brother said: the Zionists are the same today as they was then. In those days [in pre-Islamic Arabia] they controlled the liquor market in Madinah… and the Zionists kept the Arab leaders broke and drunk…the yahud [Arabic word for Jew] were sitting back and had each one of them [Arab clans] fighting each other because the leaders was both drunken and they was all in owe (sic) to the same Yahud… he was manipulating the Arabs…then Islam came [and abolished \"Riba\", or interest].\" Musa said that \"I would love to have a case in court with the FBI. I would love for them to arrest me on any trumped-up charges.\" Musa later commented that \"I tried to get a case several years ago. We had a demonstration. I waved a check for Hamas, cashier's check, by the way. And I said, 'I'm donating this to Hamas.' Then I waited for them to arrest me. They didn't arrest me. So I put the thing back in the bank.\" At the January 21, 2001 event titled \"Shaping Our Perspective: Our Role in a Changing World\", sponsored by the Muslim Students Association at UCLA, Musa is quoted as stating: \"If you were to say that the Soviet Union was wiped off the face of the Earth . . . people would have thought you were crazy, right? The people of Afghanistan didn’t have the intellect or historical knowledge to know that they wasn’t supposed to wipe out the Soviet Union, is that right? . . . We saw the fall of one so-called superpower, Old Sam (the United States) is next.\" On October 6, 2002 he spoke on Muhammad's model of leadership and its modern applications at the ICIT Seerah Conference in Sri Lanka. On July 7, 2000 Musa, while in the company of his wife and daughter, witnessed the Metropolitan Police (Washington, DC) beating a citizen. He attempted to intervene by approaching the officers and telling them to stop. They continued until Musa grabbed one of the officers and was consequently arrested for assaulting the police. He spent two nights in jail before appearing before a judge on July 10. In court, the police reduced the charge against him to a misdemeanor. Musa has made a number of controversial statements: In a video aired by Fox News, Musa stated, from behind a podium at the University of California at Irvine on Sept. 9, 2001: \"If you don't stay out of our way and leave us alone, we're going to burn America down.\" Musa later stated that he was simply paraphrasing Jamil Al-Amin, formerly H. Rap Brown, a prominent Black Panther in the 1960s. Musa never threatened to burn the United States down, according to a longer video and transcript of the speech posted on the Web site of The Investigative Project. Musa has stated that \"The American ship is going down, and it's clowns like that [President George W. Bush] that's driving it down. We don't have to do nothing. Just step back, pray, fast, do good deeds, and stuff like that. And let that guy go. . . . When he finishes, nobody will love, nobody will trust, and nobody will believe anything coming from the United States of America.\" In January 2010, during a debate with George Mason University professor Jack Goldstone on Iranian Press TV, Musa said \"they (Americans) set up the Mexicans...\" and that \"The American history is a history of robbing and stealing, and setting up people in order to get what they want.\" In April 2009 Musa's name was released to the press as one of 22 people banned from entering the United Kingdom in October 2008. The UK government said this was due to his being \"Considered to be engaging in unacceptable behaviour by fomenting and glorifying terrorist violence in furtherance of his particular beliefs and seeking to provoke others to terrorist acts.\" In 2011 Musa founded the Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare, distributing flyers that say \"For 30 years, Masjid Al-Islam [Sabiqun's mosque] has been carrying on a direct, face-to-face struggle against the monolithic Zionist American regime... We are an anti-Zionist American psycho-guerrilla warfare movement. We use all available tools found in our environment in exposing the anti-Islamic, anti-human policies of this Zionist American system.\" The mission is \"to counter the concerted efforts of the enemies of Islam to sustain a false characterization of Islam and Muslims as a dangerous threat to global stability and tranquility.\" The institute was established to \"monitor Zionist and Israeli networks, circles, and clubs which deceitfully infiltrate Muslim and Black groups,\" according to a June 2010 Sabiqun newsletter. In a January 2011 statement announcing the opening of the Oakland branch, Sabiqun also declared that one of the institute's goals is to \"Analyze the Zionist grip on humanity established via the media and",
"regime... We are an anti-Zionist American psycho-guerrilla warfare movement. We use all available tools found in our environment in exposing the anti-Islamic, anti-human policies of this Zionist American system.\" The mission is \"to counter the concerted efforts of the enemies of Islam to sustain a false characterization of Islam and Muslims as a dangerous threat to global stability and tranquility.\" The institute was established to \"monitor Zionist and Israeli networks, circles, and clubs which deceitfully infiltrate Muslim and Black groups,\" according to a June 2010 Sabiqun newsletter. In a January 2011 statement announcing the opening of the Oakland branch, Sabiqun also declared that one of the institute's goals is to \"Analyze the Zionist grip on humanity established via the media and economics.\" Abdul Alim Musa Imam Abdul Alim Musa (born 1945 as Clarence Reams) is a Muslim American activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Institute of Contemporary Islamic Thought (ICIT) and a well-known speaker around the world. He is founder and director of As-Sabiqun and the Islamic Institute of Counter-Zionist American Psychological Warfare. Abdul Alim was born in Arkansas in 1945 but grew up in Oakland, California during the 1960s. It was"
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"1967 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 1967 Central Michigan Chippewas football team represented Central Michigan University in the Interstate Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (IIAC) during the 1967 college football season. In their first season under head coach Roy Kramer, the Chippewas compiled an 8–2 record (2–1 against IIAC opponents), tied for the IIAC championship, held five of their ten opponents to fewer than seven points, and outscored all opponents by a combined total of 207 to 84. The team's statistical leaders included quarterback Gene Gilin with 611 passing yards, tailback Craig Tefft with 1,046 rushing yards, and end Greg Hoefler with 292 receiving yards. Fullback Wally Hempton received the team's most valuable player award. Ten Central Michigan players (Tefft, Hoefler, Hempton, backs Chuck Barker and Bruce Cameron, defensive ends Bucky Colton and Mark Maksimovicz, guard Al McNeal, and tackles Ralph Sarnowski and Raleigh Smith) received first-team honors on the All-IIAC team. Bill Kelly retired as Central Michigan's head football coach at the end of the 1966 season after 16 years in the position. Roy Kramer, who had served as Central's freshman football coach in 1966, was hired to replace him. 1967 Central Michigan Chippewas football team The 1967 Central Michigan"
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"Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library The Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library is the visual arts library of The New School University. Used primarily by students in the Parsons The New School for Design division, it is located in the Sheila Johnson Design Center, in New York City's Greenwich Village. The Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library was founded using grant money from the Gimbel family. The library was closed on January 1, 2014 when New School opened a new library facility located on the 6th floor of 63 Fifth Avenue. The New School owns several libraries throughout New York City, and is a member of the Research Library Association of South Manhattan. Gimbel is the second largest library at the university, with a total of 121,371 holdings. 53,520 of these holdings are monographs (print), 215 are serials titles (print), 66,305 are part of the picture collection, 175 are CDs, 785 are DVDs, 370 are VHS, and 1 is realia. Other university libraries include: The New School Library and Archives Other collections from The New School include: All students and faculty of The New School are granted access to Gimbel. In addition, students at Cooper Union and New York University are also granted access to the collection as part of an intercollegiate consortium. The Sheila Johnson Design Center, which is used as the main academic building for the Parsons division, is the building where the library is kept. The lobby floor serves both as both a learning center and public art gallery. Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library The Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library is the visual arts library of The New School University. Used primarily by students in the Parsons The New School for Design division, it is located in the Sheila Johnson Design Center, in New"
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"Brudenell Brudenell is a community in the township of Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan in Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. The history of Brudenell is most often presented as a \"boom and bust\" narrative in which the village experience a period of rapid-paced development, peaking in the 1880s, followed by a period of steep economic decline and eventual abandonment. The village is now commonly referred to as a \"ghost town\" though this characterization does little justice to the history of the settlement, nor to current residents, many of whom are descendants of the original settlers. The community was established in the 1850s at the intersection of the Opeongo Line and the Addington Colonization Road with the completion of the latter road. During the 1880s, Brudenell became known as the 'sin-bucket' of the Opeongo Line due to its three hotels, offering gambling, alcohol and other vices. In 1893, the local portion of the Canada Atlantic Railway was built, bypassing Brudenell in favour of nearby Killaloe, Ontario, as decided by then-Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. This led to a permanent economic decline for Brudenell. Brudenell is now home to a fire station and Our Lady of the Angels Catholic Church, which hosts an annual supper to raise funds for the maintenance of parish buildings. The supper is famous for its traditional sand-baked beans. The church hall was also for a time the home of Stone Fence Theatre, now performing mainly out of Eganville. Performances were held there from 2003 to 2006, including a rendition of \"Al Capone's Hideout,\" a musical comedy about the notorious gangster's brief stay in the area in the 1940s. The production was directed and co-authored by Barry Goldie in association with the Upper Madawaska Theatre Group, Stone Fence Theatre's predecessor company. Brudenell Brudenell is a community in the township of Brudenell,"
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"Thierry Larchier d'Hirson Thierry Larchier d'Hirson or d'Hireçon, or de Hérisson, (1270 in Bourbonnais – 23 August 1328) was a French cleric under Robert II, Count of Artois. Hirson was employed by Philip IV of France on several occasions. He became a canon of Arras in 1299; chancellor of Mahaut, Countess of Artois in 1303; provost of Aire-sur-la-Lys in 1309; and was appointed Bishop of Arras in April 1328. He died on 23 August 1328. Hirson was involved with Jeanne de Divion, who, in revenge for what she did not inherit upon the bishop's death, procured false documents for Robert III of Artois so that he could recover the County of Artois, which had been bestowed upon his great aunt Mahaut, Countess of Artois, in a legal dispute. Hirson's niece Béatrice d'Hirson was a lady-in-waiting to Mahaut, Countess of Artois, as was her sister Mathilde. His brothers were as follows: The dispute between Robert and Mahaut plays an important part in Maurice Druon's series of French historical novels, \"Les Rois maudits\" (\"The Accursed Kings)\". Hirson was played by in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series. Thierry Larchier d'Hirson Thierry Larchier d'Hirson or d'Hireçon, or de Hérisson, (1270 in"
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"Greatest Hits (Guns N' Roses album) Greatest Hits is a compilation album by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released on March 23, 2004. Released by Geffen Records in part because of the delay in the making of \"Chinese Democracy\", the album was subject to lawsuits by band member Axl Rose and former band members, in an attempt to block its release due to its track listing. Despite the album having almost no promotion, it reached number one on the UK Albums Chart and number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart upon its release. \"Greatest Hits\" re-entered the \"Billboard\" 200 at number three in March 2012, selling about 85,000 copies as part of a promotion by both Amazon and Google Play that saw the album sold for 25 cents for one day. The album has proven a popular seller, selling over six million copies in the United States by 2018. \"Greatest Hits\" is one of the longest charting albums in the \"Billboard\" 200 era, being one of only seven albums to notch at least 400 weeks on the chart by June 2017. As of July 2018, it has spent 441 weeks on the chart. According to \"ChartMasters\", the album has sold 13,610,000 copies in equivalent album sales. Axl Rose immediately tried to block the release by suing Geffen, saying it would ruin his focus on \"Chinese Democracy\" and if he were to get the album finished and released sooner, the \"Greatest Hits\" album would be selling more, leaving the album unnoticed. Former bandmates Slash and Duff McKagan helped Rose file the lawsuit against Geffen, although they did not speak to each other in person. This failed and the album was released under Geffen Records' rights. The album received mixed reviews, with several critics complaining of the track listing, feeling several notable songs were missing. \"AllMusic\" criticized the album for \"(giving) an inaccurate portrait of the band\", saying \"it bears all the hallmarks of a slapdash compilation, hastily assembled by the label as a way to buy time between releases. There are no liner notes, the cardboard packaging is flimsy, (&) the remastering isn't notable.\" The review singled out \"Nightrain\", \"Estranged\", \"It's So Easy\", \"Mr. Brownstone\" and \"Used to Love Her\" as songs that should have been on the album but weren't. \"Pop Matters\" stated the album \"does nothing to enhance the legacy of a once-proud rock band. There are no hidden insights into the inner workings of the group, no lost classics, and no evidence of their contribution to a new generation of musicians. Instead we are left with an inflated sticker price for a Pandora's box of tracks...\" \"Pitchfork\" criticized the compilation for having too many covers, as well as not including songs such as \"Out Ta Get Me\", \"Used to Love Her\", and \"One in a Million\". \"BBC\" criticized the songs for being dated. \"The Maneater\" stated \"The appearance of the album gives the impression of a record company that focused solely on the fact that people would buy the album even if it were wrapped in brown wrapping paper.\" and criticized the compilation for not including songs such as \"Estranged\", \"Mr. Brownstone\", and \"Pretty Tied Up\". In a positive review, \"NME\" stated \" It’s packed with pomp, spunk and circumstance, makes blokes want to fight and girls want to dance. What the fuck else is there?\". Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes. Greatest Hits (Guns N' Roses album) Greatest Hits is a compilation album by the American hard rock band Guns N' Roses, released on March 23, 2004. Released by Geffen Records in"
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"Lohit district Lohit (Pron: ) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The district headquarters are located at Tezu. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Arunachal Pradesh, after Papum Pare and Changlang. It was known earlier as the Mishmi Hills. The district is named after the Lohit River, from the Sanskrit \"Louhitya\", reddish- or rust-coloured, and consists of the river valley and hills/mountains to the North and South. During the medieval times, the present district was under the control of the rulers of the Chutiya Kingdom. The Chutiya rulers controlled the area from early 13th century to the 16th century and during the 19th century it became one of the last territories to be brought under British control after the punitive Abor and Mishmi Expedition in the first decade of 20th century. In June 1980, Dibang Valley district was split from Lohit (and has since been bifurcated again to create the new Lower Dibang Valley district). On 16 February 2004, Anjaw district was carved out from the northern part of Lohit district bordering Tibet and Myanmar, with its headquarters at Hawai. Anjaw was carved out under the Arunachal Pradesh Re-organization of Districts Amendment Bill. Wakro is an important sub-division of this district. It is a disyllabic word originated from the local dialect \"miju mishmi\": . Another important sub-division of lohit is Sunpura, which is located near Assam and Arunachal border. Lohit district occupies an area of 11,402 km² and has a population of 143,478 (as of 2001). There are four Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Tezu, Chowkham, Namsai, and Lekang. All of these are part of Arunachal East Lok Sabha constituency. The area is highly inaccessible, and it was only in 2004 that a permanent bridge has been made operational across the Lohit at the holy site of Parashuram Kund, giving round-the-year connection to Tezu. East of Tezu (about 100 km) lies the small town of Hayuliang, and this is slated to become the headquarters of a new district. The road along the Lohit runs right up to the small garrison town of Walong just south of the China border, site of the famous Battle of Walong in 1962. According to the 2011 census Lohit district has a population of 145,538, roughly equal to the nation of Saint Lucia. This gives it a ranking of 601st in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 16.44%. Lohit has a sex ratio of 901 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 69.88%. Lohit is the home of the Adi, Zekhring, Khampti, Singpho and Mishmi tribes. A small group of Tibetans have settled in Lohit since the 1960s. The Zekhring are Tibetan Buddhists; the Khampti and Singpho are Threvada Buddhists, and the Mishmi and Adis are mainly Animists. Languages spoken include an endangered Sino-Tibetan tongue with 30,000 speakers, spoken in the eastern part of the district. Major languages are Khampti, Mishmi, Zekhring, Adi and Singpho. In 1989 Lohit district became home to the Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of . It is the home to some of the endangered flora and fauna. The district has been found to be an ideal place for Jatropha cultivation, which is used for bio-diesel making. Lohit district Lohit (Pron: ) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India. The district headquarters are located at Tezu. As of 2011 it is the third most populous district of Arunachal"
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"Paul Hamilton (politician) Paul Hamilton (October 16, 1762 – June 30, 1816) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy, from 1809 to 1813. Paul Hamilton was born in Saint Paul's Parish, South Carolina, on October 16, 1762. He left school at the age of sixteen due to financial problems. During the American War of Independence he served in military roles in the southern states, fighting under General Francis Marion. He participated with Colonel William Harden in the capture of Fort Balfour. Following the war, he was a planter and public figure. Hamilton served South Carolina in many public offices including state Representative (1787), State Senator (1794), Comptroller (1800), and the 42nd Governor (1804). In 1809, President James Madison selected Hamilton to become the third Secretary of the Navy. His term in office included the first months of the War of 1812, during which time the small United States Navy achieved several remarkable victories over British warships. Hamilton was a proponent of military preparedness, especially sea fortifications. Although he wanted to strengthen the Navy, he found the Congress hostile and the President indifferent to his ideas. However, he was responsible for the Naval Hospitals Act of 1811. Secretary Hamilton resigned at the end of 1812 and returned to South Carolina, where he died in Beaufort on June 30, 1816. Three Navy destroyers have been named USS \"Paul Hamilton\" in his honor along with the USS \"Hamilton\" (1809) and one Liberty ship named SS \"Paul Hamilton\". Also bearing his name is the town of Hamilton, Georgia. Paul Hamilton (politician) Paul Hamilton (October 16, 1762 – June 30, 1816) was the 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy, from 1809 to 1813. Paul Hamilton was born in Saint Paul's Parish, South Carolina, on October 16, 1762. He left school at the"
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"Gotham Independent Film Awards 2016 The 26th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards, presented by the Independent Filmmaker Project, were held on November 28, 2016. The nominees were announced on October 20, 2016. Actors Ethan Hawke and Amy Adams, director Oliver Stone and producer Arnon Milchan received tribute awards. The ceremony was hosted by Keegan-Michael Key. Moonlight Casey Affleck as Lee Chandler – \"Manchester by the Sea\" Isabelle Huppert as Michèle Leblanc – \"Elle\" Barry Jenkins and Tarell Alvin McCraney – \"Moonlight\" Anya Taylor-Joy as Thomasin – \"The Witch\" Trey Edward Shults – \"Krisha\" Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Her Story Moonlight \"Moonlight\" – Mahershala Ali, Naomie Harris, Alex Hibbert, André Holland, Jharrel Jerome, Janelle Monáe, Jaden Piner, Trevante Rhodes, and Ashton Sanders Roxy Toporowych – \"Julia Blue\" Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment (MOME) Gotham Independent Film Awards 2016 The 26th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards, presented by the Independent Filmmaker Project, were held on November 28, 2016. The nominees were announced on October 20, 2016. Actors Ethan Hawke and Amy Adams, director Oliver Stone and producer Arnon Milchan received tribute awards. The ceremony was hosted by Keegan-Michael Key. Moonlight Casey Affleck as Lee Chandler – \"Manchester by the Sea\" Isabelle Huppert as"
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"Carl Thomas (baseball) Carl Leslie Thomas (May 28, 1932 – March 7, 2013) was a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for one season. He pitched in four games for the Cleveland Indians during the 1960 season. A right-hander, he stood tall and weighed . He won a silver medal with the United States team at the 1955 Pan American Games. In his only decision, Thomas won his last Major League game, on May 14, 1960, against the Chicago White Sox. Although he allowed five hits and five earned runs in 4⅓ innings pitched of relief, he was credited with the 10–9 victory. Carl Thomas (baseball) Carl Leslie Thomas (May 28, 1932 – March 7, 2013) was a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for one season. He pitched in four games for the Cleveland Indians during the 1960 season. A right-hander, he stood tall and weighed . He won a silver medal with the United States team at the 1955 Pan American Games. In his only decision, Thomas won his last Major League game, on May 14, 1960, against the Chicago White Sox. Although he allowed five hits and five earned runs in 4⅓ innings pitched of"
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"Vilnius Castle Complex The Vilnius Castle Complex ( or ) is a group of cultural, and historic structures on the left bank of the Neris River, near its confluence with the Vilnia River, in Vilnius, Lithuania. The buildings, which evolved between the 10th and 18th centuries, were one of Lithuania's major defensive structures. The complex consisted of three castles: the Upper, the Lower, and the Crooked (). The Crooked Castle was burned down by the Teutonic Knights in 1390 and was never rebuilt. The Vilnius Castles were attacked several times by the Teutonic Order after 1390, but they did not succeed in taking the entire complex. Its complete capture occurred for the first time during the 1655 Battle of Vilnius. Soon afterwards, the severely damaged castles lost their importance, and many buildings were abandoned. During the Tsarist annexation, several historic buildings were demolished; many more were damaged during the fortress construction in the 19th century. Today, the remaining Gediminas Tower is a major symbol of the city of Vilnius and of the nation itself. Annually, on 1 January, the Lithuanian tricolor is hoisted on Gediminas Tower to commemorate Flag Day. The complex is part of the National Museum of Lithuania, one of the largest museums in the country. One part of the castle complex, which was built on a hilltop, is known as the Upper Castle. The hill on which it is built is known as Gediminas Hill, about in height and around in length. Archaeological data shows that the site has been occupied since Neolithic times. The hill was strengthened with defensive wooden walls that were fortified with stone in the 9th century. Around the 10th century a wooden castle was built, and since about the 13th century the hilltop has been surrounded by stone walls with towers. During the rule of Gediminas Vilnius was designated the capital city; in 1323, the castle was improved and expanded. Pagan Lithuania waged war with the Christian Orders for more than two centuries. The Orders were seeking to conquer Lithuania, stating that their motivation was the conversion of pagan Lithuanians to Catholicism. As Vilnius evolved into one of the most important cities in the state, it became a primary military target. The Castle Complex was attacked by the Teutonic Order in 1365, 1375, 1377, 1383, 1390, 1392, 1394 and 1402, but was never completely taken. The most damaging assaults were led by the Teutonic Order marshals Engelhard Rabe von Wildstein and Konrad von Wallenrode in 1390 during the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) between Vytautas the Great and his cousin Jogaila. Many noblemen from Western Europe participated in this military campaign, including Henry, Duke of Hereford, the future king Henry IV of England, with 300 knights, and the Livonian Knights, commanded by their Grand Master. At times during the civil war, Vytautas supported the Orders' attacks on the castles, having struck an alliance with them in his quest for the title of Grand Duke of Lithuania. At the time of the 1390 attack, the Complex consisted of three sections - the Upper, Lower and Crooked Castles. The Teutonic Knights managed to take and destroy the Crooked Castle, situated on Bleak Hill (), but failed to capture the others. During the 1394 attack, the Vilnius Castles were besieged for over three weeks, and one of its defense towers was damaged and fell into the Neris River. The civil war between Vytautas and Jogaila was resolved by the 1392 Astrava Agreement and Vytautas assumed the title of Grand Duke. During his reign the Upper Castle underwent its most notable redevelopment. After a major fire in 1419, Vytautas initiated a reconstruction of the Upper Castle, along with the fortification of other buildings in the complex. The present-day remains of the Upper Castle date from this era. Vytautas had spent about four years with the Teutonic Order during the civil war. He had the opportunity to study the architecture of the castles of the Teutonic Order and adopt some of their elements in his residence in Vilnius. The Upper Castle was reconstructed in Gothic style with glazed green tiling on its roof. The Upper Castle keep hall, on the second floor, was the largest hall (10 x 30 m) within the complex; it was a little smaller than the hall of the Grand Master's Palace (15 x 30 m) in Marienburg, and much larger than the hall at the Duke's Palace in Trakai Island Castle (10 x 21 m). Reconstruction of the castle ended in 1422. The state had made plans to host the coronation of the proclaimed king Vytautas the Great in the castle, which were disrupted by his untimely death. After the 16th century, the Upper Castle was not maintained, and it suffered from neglect. Until the early 17th century, a prison for noblemen was located in the Upper Castle. It was used as a fortress for the last time during the invasion of the Russians in 1655, when for the first time in Lithuanian history, a foreign army captured the entire complex. Six years later, the Polish-Lithuanian army managed to recapture Vilnius and the castles. Afterwards the Upper Castle stood abandoned and was not reconstructed. The complex suffered major damage during the World Wars. At this time, only the western tower, known as Gediminas Tower, remains standing. It is a symbol of Vilnius and of Lithuania. Only a few remnants of the castle's keep and other towers survived. The Castle Complex has been inhabited since Neolithic times. Prior to the 13th century, its structures were built from wood. In the 13–14th centuries defensive walls, towers and gateways were built from stone; these were reorganized and expanded several times. The only freestanding structures that remain intact are those at the Lower Castle. The two principal buildings of the Lower Castle are the Royal Palace and Vilnius Cathedral. The Royal Palace in the Lower Castle evolved over the years and prospered during the 16th and mid-17th centuries. For four centuries the Palace was the political, administrative and cultural center of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the 13th and 14th centuries there were stone structures within the palace site; some archeologists believe that a wooden palace stood there as well. The stone Royal Palace was built in the 15th century, apparently after the major fire in 1419. The existing stone buildings and defensive structures of the Lower Castle, which blocked the construction, were demolished. The Royal Palace was built in Gothic style. The Keep of the Upper Castle, as well as the Royal Palace, were meant to host the coronation of Vytautas the Great. The Gothic palace had three wings; research suggests that it was a two-story building with a basement. The Grand Duke of Lithuania Alexander, who later became King of Poland, moved his residence to the Royal Palace, where he met with ambassadors. He ordered the renovation of the palace. After his marriage to a daughter of Moscow's Grand Duke Ivan III, the royal couple lived and died in the palace. Sigismund I the Old, after his ascension to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, conducted his affairs in the Royal Palace as well as in Vilnius Cathedral. During the rule of Sigismund I the palace was greatly expanded, to meet new needs of the Grand Duke – another wing was added, as well as a third floor; the gardens were also extended. By contemporary accounts the palace was worth 100,000 ducats. The palace reconstruction plan was probably prepared by Italian architect Bartolomeo Berrecci da Pontassieve, who also designed several other projects in the Kingdom of Poland. In this palace Sigismund the Old welcomed an emissary from the Holy Roman Empire, who introduced Sigismund to Bona Sforza, his second wife, in 1517. Sigismund's son Sigismund II Augustus was crowned Grand Duke of Lithuania in the Royal Palace. Augustus carried on with palace development and lived there with his first wife Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. She was buried in Vilnius Cathedral. Sigismund",
"meet new needs of the Grand Duke – another wing was added, as well as a third floor; the gardens were also extended. By contemporary accounts the palace was worth 100,000 ducats. The palace reconstruction plan was probably prepared by Italian architect Bartolomeo Berrecci da Pontassieve, who also designed several other projects in the Kingdom of Poland. In this palace Sigismund the Old welcomed an emissary from the Holy Roman Empire, who introduced Sigismund to Bona Sforza, his second wife, in 1517. Sigismund's son Sigismund II Augustus was crowned Grand Duke of Lithuania in the Royal Palace. Augustus carried on with palace development and lived there with his first wife Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. She was buried in Vilnius Cathedral. Sigismund II's second wife, Barbara Radziwill, also lived in the palace. According to contemporary accounts of the Holy See's emissary, the Royal Palace at that time contained more treasures than the Vatican. Sigismund II also assembled one of the largest collection of books in Europe. The palace was remodeled in the Renaissance style in the 16th century. The plan was prepared by several Italian architects, including Giovanni Cini da Siena, Bernardino de Gianotis Zanobi, and others. The palace was visited by Ippolito Aldobrandini, who later became Pope Clement VIII. Another major development took place during the reign of the Vasa family. The Royal Palace was refurbished in early Baroque style during the rule of Sigismund III Vasa. Matteo Castello, Giacopo Tencalla, and other artists participated in the 17th-century renovation. During the rule of Vasas, several notable ceremonies took place in the palace, including the wedding of Duke John, who later became King John III of Sweden, and Sigismund Augustus' sister Catherine. The first opera in Lithuania was staged in the palace in 1634. Marco Scacchi and Virgilio Puccitelli were the opera's impresarios. After the Russian invasion in 1655, the state began weakening, with negative effects on the Royal Palace. The palace was greatly damaged by war, and its treasures were plundered. After the recapture of the city of Vilnius in 1660-1661, the palace was no longer a suitable state residence, and stood abandoned for about 150 years. In the late 18th century, after the fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, several families lived in parts of the ruined palace. Soon after the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was incorporated into the Russian Empire, Tsarist officials ordered the demolition of the remaining sections of the Royal Palace. The Palace was almost completely demolished by the early 19th century. The bricks of former palace had been sold in 1799 to a merchant from Kremenchug. The Seimas (Lithuanian Parliament) passed a law in 2000 resolving that the Royal Palace be rebuilt for ceremonies commemorating the millennium since the first mention of the name of Lithuania in 2009. The Royal Palace and Vilnius Cathedral formed a complex and stood side by side during the centuries, but the two buildings have different histories. There is evidence that in pre-Christian times, the pagan god Perkūnas was worshipped at this location. It has been proposed that King of Lithuania, Mindaugas, built the original cathedral in 1251 as the site of his baptism into the Christian rite. After Mindaugas' death in 1263, the cathedral reverted to the worship of pagan gods. In 1387, the year that Lithuania formally converted to Christianity, a second Gothic cathedral with five chapels was built. In 1419 the cathedral burned down. In its place Vytautas built a larger Gothic cathedral. In 1522, the cathedral was renovated, and written sources mentioned a bell tower for the first time. The bell tower was built on the site of a defensive tower of the Lower Castle around the 15th century. After a fire in 1530, the cathedral was rebuilt again, and from 1534 to 1557 more chapels and crypts were added. During this period the cathedral acquired architectural features associated with the Renaissance. After a fire in 1610, it was rebuilt once again, and the two front towers were added. It was renovated and decorated several more times. In 1783, the cathedral was reconstructed according to a design by Laurynas Gucevičius in the neoclassical style, and the church acquired its strict quadrangular shape. This design has survived to the present day. Between 1786 and 1792 three sculptures were placed on the roof - Saint Casimir on the south side, Saint Stanislaus on the north, and Saint Helena in the center. These sculptures were removed in 1950 and restored in 1997. Several notable historic figures are entombed in the cathedral's crypts, including Vytautas the Great (1430), his brother Sigismund (1440), his cousin Švitrigaila (1452), Saint Casimir (1484), Alexander (1506), and two of Sigismund August's wives: Elisabeth of Habsburg (1545) and Barbara Radziwiłł (1551). The cathedral was converted to secular uses during the 1950s. Its re-dedication as a church in the late 1980s was celebrated as a turning point in modern Lithuanian history. The Vilnius Castle Complex had two arsenals – the so-called New and Old - during its history. The Old Arsenal was established in the 15th century, during the rule of Vytautas the Great. It was expanded during the reign of Sigismund the Old and this work was continued by his son Sigismund II Augustus. During a 16th-century reconstruction a new wing was built; in the mid-16th century and at the beginning of the 17th century, two more wings were built. According to contemporary accounts, the Old Arsenal at that time housed about 180 heavy cannons. The New Arsenal was established in one of the oldest castle buildings in the 18th century, by order of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Casimir Oginski. The building, which was used to house soldiers, is well preserved. Its outer wall was part of the defensive wall system. During the 16th century its tower guided ships in the Neris river. The arsenal also occasionally contained castle administrative offices. During Tsarist rule, both arsenals housed soldiers and military materiel. The buildings suffered major damage during World War II; some sections were restored after World War II and in 1987 and 1997. The arsenals now house the Museum of Applied Art and the National Museum of Lithuania. Gediminas Tower is a dominant and distinctive object in the skyline of the old city. An observation platform at its summit affords a panoramic view of Vilnius. In 2003, as part of the celebrations surrounding the 750th anniversary of the coronation of Mindaugas, the tower was made more accessible by the construction of a lift. It ascends about 70 meters during the 30-second ride, and holds sixteen passengers. Atop the tower, on January 1, 1919, the Lithuanian tricolor was hoisted for the first time. To commemorate this event, January 1 is now Flag Day, and the Lithuanian flag is ceremonially raised at the tower, as well as elsewhere in Lithuania. On October 7, 1988, during Lithuania's drive to re-establish its independence, 100,000 people gathered at the Castle Complex as the flag was re-hoisted. The tower and the hill, with the flag raised at its summit, are symbols of Lithuania's statehood and its struggle for independence, echoing a long tradition whereby sovereignty over the city was demonstrated by the flag flown there. After preservation work was completed at the Gediminas Tower in 1968, it became a branch of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first floor of the tower exhibits photographs taken in Vilnius during the 19th and 20th centuries and models of historic Vilnius and the Castle Complex. The second floor exhibits flags that were used by Vytautas the Great's army during the Battle of Grunwald, along with authentic weaponry used from the 13th through the 18th centuries. Other surviving buildings at the Castle Complex house offices of the National Museum of Lithuania and its archeology and numismatics",
"flag raised at its summit, are symbols of Lithuania's statehood and its struggle for independence, echoing a long tradition whereby sovereignty over the city was demonstrated by the flag flown there. After preservation work was completed at the Gediminas Tower in 1968, it became a branch of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first floor of the tower exhibits photographs taken in Vilnius during the 19th and 20th centuries and models of historic Vilnius and the Castle Complex. The second floor exhibits flags that were used by Vytautas the Great's army during the Battle of Grunwald, along with authentic weaponry used from the 13th through the 18th centuries. Other surviving buildings at the Castle Complex house offices of the National Museum of Lithuania and its archeology and numismatics departments, as well as the Museum of Applied Art. The museum contains about one million artifacts, covering a wide historic spectrum. Its collection includes pieces from Lithuania's prehistoric era, coins used throughout Lithuania's history, and a wide variety of artifacts dating from the Middle Ages and later. About 250,000 tourists visit the museum annually. Vilnius Castle Complex The Vilnius Castle Complex ( or ) is a group of cultural, and historic structures on the left bank of the Neris River, near its confluence with the Vilnia River, in Vilnius, Lithuania. The buildings, which evolved between the 10th"
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"Karl M. Dallenbach Karl M. Dallenbach (October 20, 1887 in Champaign, Illinois – December 23, 1971 in Austin, Texas) was an American experimental psychologist whose interests in psychology were heavily influenced by John Wallace Baird. He was a loyal student of Edward Bradford Titchener at Cornell University, received his Ph.D. degree in 1913, and was a member of the faculties of departments of psychology at Oregon State University, Ohio State University, Cornell, and The University of Texas at Austin. Dallenbach did not develop any major theories and he never wrote a book. However, his 94 core publications (from a total of 234) can be organized around seven themes: attention, cutaneous sensitivity, somesthetic perception, taste, visual perception, 'facial' vision, and memory and cognitive processes. Some consider Dallenbach's studies of attention to be his most important of these contributions, while others maintain that his studies on facial vision and retention during sleep belong to the classical psy- chological literature. A contribution that is perhaps Dallenbach's greatest contribution to psychology was his purchase, from G. Stanley Hall in 1920, and consequent rescue of the first American psychological journal: the American Journal of Psychology. Dallenbach owned the journal for the next forty-eight years and was its editor for forty-two. Dallenbach referred to the journal's volumes as his \"books.\" Karl M. Dallenbach Karl M. Dallenbach (October 20, 1887 in Champaign, Illinois – December 23, 1971 in Austin, Texas) was an American experimental psychologist whose interests in psychology were heavily influenced by John Wallace Baird. He was a loyal student of Edward Bradford Titchener at Cornell University, received his Ph.D. degree in 1913, and was a member of the faculties of departments of psychology at Oregon State University, Ohio State University, Cornell, and The University of Texas at Austin. Dallenbach did not develop any major theories"
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"Edward Thompson (Royal Navy officer) Edward Thompson (c. 1738–1786) was an English Royal Navy officer who rose to the rank of commodore, known also as a literary figure with the nickname \"Poet Thompson\". The son of a merchant of Kingston upon Hull, he received his early education at Beverley, and later at Hampstead under Dr. Cox, formerly of Harrow School. He is said to have made a voyage to Greenland in 1750. In 1754 he was on board an East Indiaman and made a voyage to the East Indies. On his return to England he entered on board , a 64-gun-ship, as a midshipman. Two years later, on 16 November 1757, he passed his examination and was promoted to be lieutenant of , in the North Sea and the Channel; ten days later, in December 1758, he was moved into with Captain Peter Denis. During the Seven Years' War he was in the long blockade of Brest through the summer of 1759, and was present at the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November In March 1760 he accompanied Denis to , in which he stayed till the end of the war. He was then put on half-pay, and took on the role of man of letters. On 10 January 1771, perhaps through the influence of David Garrick, he was promoted to the rank of commander and appointed to the , in service in the North Sea on preventive work. At the end of the year he was moved into HMS \"Raven\", in which he went out to the Mediterranean, where Sir Peter Denis, the commander-in-chief, promoted him to be captain of by a commission that was confirmed by the admiralty and dated 2 April 1772. In June he brought the \"Niger\" home and was again for some years on half-pay. In May 1778 Thompson was appointed to , a small frigate, which early in 1779 he took out to the West Indies, returning to England with convoy in September. In December the \"Hyaena\" was attached to the fleet which under Sir George Brydges Rodney relieved Gibraltar, and was sent home with despatches. In August 1780 she went out to New York in charge of a convoy, and from there to Charlestown and Barbados. On 29 March 1781 Thompson wrote from Barbados that under the admiral's orders he was going to take Berbice and establish colonies at Demerara and Essequibo. This mission occupied most of the year, Thompson organising the government of the colonies and taking measures for their defence. Rodney had returned to England; Sir Samuel Hood, left in command, had gone to New York; and in November, Thompson, at the request of merchants, convoyed their trade to Barbados. He took on himself the responsibility of shipping it to Europe. In his absence, the Guiana colonies were captured by a small French squadron; and on 1 April Thompson was tried by court-martial on the charge of having left his station and returned to England without orders. The court, however, honourably acquitted him. In 1782 he was appointed to the 50-gun , in which he went out to the west coast of Africa as commodore of the small squadron there. He died, unmarried, on board the \"Grampus\" on 17 January 1786. His portrait was engraved by A. McKenzie. His anonymous satire \"The Meretriciad\" (1755?), in which he celebrated the charms of Kitty Fisher and some of her associates, reached a sixth edition in 1765. It was followed by the ‘Demi-Rep’ (1756), by the ‘Courtesan,’ and by several other ‘Meretricious Miscellanies,’ as the author called them. None of these works bore the author's name. They were collected in 1770 under the collective title of \"The Court of Cupid\". In the previous year he had issued a boisterous ode entitled ‘Trinculo's Trip to the [Stratford] Jubilee.’ It was dedicated to ‘John Hall’, i.e. John Hall Stevenson. His ‘Sailor's Letters, written to his Select Friends in England during his Voyages and Travels in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, from the year 1754 to 1759’ (2 vols. 1767), which depicts the social life of the navy, as well as giving an account of the battle of Quiberon Bay. Thompson also edited the \"Works\" of John Oldham (3 vols. 1771); of Andrew Marvell (3 vols. 1776); and of Paul Whitehead (1777). He wrote sea songs including ‘Loose every Sail to the Breeze,’ and ‘The Topsail shivers in the Wind.’ In 1773 he altered from the old play of Charles Shadwell ‘The Fair Quaker: or the Humours of the Navy,’ which was produced at Drury Lane on 11 November 1773 and then printed. Jane Pope played the title rôle and the revival was a success. In 1775 he published ‘The Case and Distressed Situation of the Widows of the Officers of the Navy,’ dated from ‘St. James's Street,’ and in the following year his two-act masque called ‘The Syrens,’ which was given at Covent Garden, and printed during 1776. The dedication, to Mrs. Vaughan, is dated from Kew. In 1784 he visited Charles Murray, the British consul at Madeira, and while there wrote his ‘nautic poem’ entitled ‘Bello Monte,’ in which he describes the discovery of the island. Edward Thompson (Royal Navy officer) Edward Thompson (c. 1738–1786) was an English Royal Navy officer who rose to the rank of commodore, known also as a literary figure with the nickname \"Poet Thompson\". The son of a merchant"
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"Ormesby St Margaret with Scratby Ormesby St Margaret with Scratby is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is made up of the inland village of Ormesby St Margaret and the adjacent seaside resorts of Scratby and California. The villages are some apart, and they are situated about north of the town of Great Yarmouth and east of the city of Norwich. The civil parish has an area of and in the 2001 census had a population of 4,021 in 1,680 households, the population reducing to 3,974 at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, the parish falls within the district of Great Yarmouth. Ormesby St Margaret is separate from the village of Ormesby St Michael, which lies some to the west. Great Ormesby railway station was once located here on the line between Great Yarmouth and Melton Constable. It is now closed. California owes its name to the discovery of some 16th-century gold coins on the beach in 1848, at a time when the California gold rush had captured the attention of the world. The 1940s Home front museum Blitz and Pieces is based in the parish. An electoral ward in the name of Ormesby exists. This ward includes Ormesby St Michael and had a total population at the 2011 Census of 4,268. The Parish Church dates back to the 14th century. It is said that Alice Clere (d. 1 November 1538) made sure that the church tower was completed, as the workmen had taken far too long. Alice Clere, the daughter of Sir William Boleyn of Blickling, was an aunt of Queen Anne Boleyn. \"Vide:\" interior and exterior photographs available through external links. Scratby Hall, the country house of John Ramey, was occupied by his daughter, the Dowager Countess of Home, until her death in 1814. The house was originally built by John Fisher, Esq. John Ramey, Esq., an attorney, then barrister, retired to Scratby Hall, where he died in 1796. He let a house in Scratby to the diarist Sylas Neville between 1769 and 1772, who describes his encounters with local society including John Ramey. From 1949 to the mid-1980s, the home and estate served as Duncan Hall School. In 1989, a fire damaged 40% of the 11 bedroom country house. Ormesby St Margaret with Scratby Ormesby St Margaret with Scratby is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It"
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"Shenmue OST: Chapter 1: Yokosuka Shenmue OST: Chapter 1: Yokosuka, or simply Shenmue OST, is a soundtrack album for the video game \"Shenmue\". It was written largely by Sega's Japanese video game composer Takenobu Mitsuyoshi, while Yuzo Koshiro contributed fifteen songs to the soundtrack. It was released on March 23, 2000 by Toshiba EMI. The soundtrack was featured and performed live at the first Symphonic Game Music Concert in Leipzig, Germany in 2003. The soundtrack features mainly music consisting of multi-instrumental tracks and a full symphonic orchestra, though it includes one vocal track sung in both Japanese and English. Many of the soundtrack titles are featured in the first \"Shenmue\" game. For example, \"Wish...\" plays during the motorcycle scene after Ryo rescues Nozomi (Ryo's love interest) from the Mad Angels, \"Memories of Distant Days\" plays when Ryo remembers spending time with his father, \"Christmas on Dobuita Street\" its background music that plays while Ryo and Nozomi wanders Dobuita during Christmas time. Composed By Takenobu Mitsuyoshi, Yuzo Koshiro, Takeshi Yanagawa, Osamu Murata, Ryuji Iuchi. <br> Arranged By: Yuzo Koshiro, Ryuji Iuchi, Nobuhiko Kashiwara. Shenmue OST: Chapter 1: Yokosuka Shenmue OST: Chapter 1: Yokosuka, or simply Shenmue OST, is a soundtrack album"
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"Koichi Kudo Kudo was born in Iwate, Iwate on February 4, 1909. In 1933, he graduated from Waseda University and he became manager for Waseda University. In 1936, he became assistant coach for Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as \"Miracle of Berlin\" () in Japan. In 2016, this team was elected Japan Football Hall of Fame. In 1942, he became manager for Japan national team. In 1957, he managed Waseda University again until 1966. On September 21, 1971, Kudo died of heart failure in Suginami, Tokyo at the age of 62. Koichi Kudo Kudo was born in Iwate, Iwate on February 4, 1909. In 1933, he graduated from Waseda University and he became manager for Waseda University. In 1936, he became assistant coach for Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as \"Miracle of Berlin\" () in Japan. In 2016,"
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"Behroze Sabzwari Behroze Sabzwari () (born 1957) is a Pakistani film, television and voice actor. Behroze began his career from Radio Pakistan as a Radio presenter, In the late 1970s, he started his acting career by starring in a \"live\" television children's play \"Dadajan Nanajan\". Behroze has appeared in a number of television commercials. He has also done many stage plays, including \"Mirza Ghalib Bandar Road Par\". Mirza Ghalib Bandar Road Par was the famous play of Khawaja Moinuddin. This play was the earliest of Behroze's plays and introduced him to the TV viewers throughout Pakistan in early seventies. However, he achieved fame through the PTV play \"Khuda Ki Basti\", in 1974 where he played the role of \"Nausha\". Although he performs both serious and comedic roles with ease, however, he is mostly renowned for being the comic relief. Among his successful TV serials is Tanhaiyaan. It was \"Qabacha\" (Qabacha was a Turkic tribe and its leader Nasir ad-Din Qabacha ruled modern Pakistan in 13th century), the role he played therein, that endeared him to many households. Behroze Sabzwari received the Pride of Performance on 23 March 2009 for his services to the Pakistani television industry for more than 40 years. Born into a Muslim family, Behroze is the son of a naval officer. He married Safeena Shiekh in 1986. She is the sister of Pakistani film and television actors Javed Sheikh and Saleem Sheikh. They have one child. His son Shahroz Sabzwari, has also ventured into acting. Shahroz has acted in several sitcoms and television plays. Shahroz has also appeared in certain ads, Pepsi and Ufone are the most prominent of which. Behroze Sabzwari owns a car showroom on Tariq Road in Karachi. During the PTV serial era, he became known for his role of playing \"Qabacha\" in the drama series \"Tanhaiyaan\", with Bollywood actor Raj Kapoor also having acknowledged him. Behroze Sabzwari Behroze Sabzwari () (born 1957) is a Pakistani film, television and voice actor. Behroze began his career from Radio Pakistan as a Radio presenter, In the late 1970s, he started his acting career by starring in a \"live\" television children's play \"Dadajan Nanajan\". Behroze has appeared in a number of television commercials. He has also done many stage plays, including \"Mirza Ghalib Bandar Road Par\". Mirza Ghalib Bandar Road Par was the famous play of Khawaja Moinuddin. This play was the earliest of Behroze's plays and"
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"Mike Erlandson Michael \"Mike\" Erlandson (born April 14, 1964) is Principal at Aurora Strategic Advisors. Aurora is a full-service Public Affairs company based in Minneapolis, MN with clients in the private, public, non-profit and government sectors. www.mnpublicaffairs.com Prior to Aurora he was Vice President of Corporate Communications and Public Affairs and Vice President of Government Affairs for Supervalu Corporation, based in Eden Prairie, Minnesota. Prior to joining Supervalu, he served as chief of staff to U.S. Congressman Martin Olav Sabo from 1993 until Sabo retired in 2007. He also served as chair of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) from 1999-2005. Erlandson ran for Sabo's 5th Congressional District seat in 2006, but finished second in a contested primary to Keith Ellison. Ellison went on to win in November. In addition to leading Supervalu's Communications and Government Affairs Departments, Erlandson was their federal political action committee (ValuPAC) chairman. He served on and managed their foundation board and helped create their enterprise environmental steering committee. Erlandson has appeared on national television and radio shows including: NBC’s Today Show, Hardball, ABC’s This Week with George Stephanopoulos, CNN, C-SPAN, and NPR. He was named one of Twin Cities next generation of business & community leaders by The Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal and was a member of the Bipartisan Policy Center’s National Transportation Policy Project. Erlandson grew up in the Twin Cities suburb of Fridley. He graduated from St. John's University in Collegeville in 1986 and from Harvard University's Kennedy School Senior Managers in Government Program in 1997. He is married, has two children and lives in Minneapolis. During his leadership of the State Democratic Party (DFL) and prior to joining Supervalu, Erlandson hosted a radio show on Air American Minnesota called \"The Mike Erlandson Show,\" and was a regular on local public affairs programs. Mike"
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"Argentina national futsal team The Argentina national futsal team represents Argentina during international futsal competitions. It is governed by the Asociación del Fútbol Argentino. Argentina has qualified and participated in all eight FIFA Futsal World Cup tournaments and along with Brazil and Spain are the only national teams that have won the FIFA Futsal World Cup. Argentina has also won the Copa América twice. Argentina is ranked 4th in the FIFA Futsal World Rankings. In FIFUSA -International Futsal Federation- Argentina won the 1994 FIFUSA Futsal World Cup. In IBSA \"Los murcièlagos\" two times world champions of IBSA Blind Soccer/Futsal World Championship, and in 2015 won his third world title: the IBSA World Games 2015. \"Los murcièlagos\" also won the Blind Futsal Copa Amèrica - Copa Amèrica de Fùtbol para ciegos-. Only Brazil and Argentina won the Blind Futsal Copa Amèrica. Head coach: Diego Giustozzi Argentina national futsal team The Argentina national futsal team represents Argentina during international futsal competitions. It is governed by the Asociación del Fútbol Argentino. Argentina has qualified and participated in all eight FIFA Futsal World Cup tournaments and along with Brazil and Spain are the only national teams that have won the FIFA Futsal World Cup."
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"Jenny receives credible death threats, because of both her center and her book. To Garp's dismay, she is dismissive of physical danger, and in fact, decides to endorse a politician who supports her message. Garp writes a book about the life of Ellen James. The book is very successful and well-regarded, but is highly critical of the Jamesians. Garp begins receiving death threats of his own from them. \n Her book is a partial autobiography called Sexual Suspect, and is an overnight sensation. Jenny becomes a feminist icon. She uses the proceeds from the book to found a center at her home for troubled and abused women and transsexuals. Meanwhile, Garp's first novel is published, which impresses Helen. The two marry and eventually have two children, Duncan and Walt. Garp becomes a devoted parent and successful fiction writer, while Helen becomes a college professor. \n The World According to Garp was generally well received by critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 79% based on reviews from 14 critics. \n T.S. Garp is the illegitimate son of a feminist mother, Jenny Fields, who wanted a child but not a husband. A nurse during World War II, she encounters a dying ball turret gunner known only as Technical Sergeant Garp (that being the only sound he is able to utter) who was severely brain damaged in combat. Unconstrained by convention and driven by her desire for a child, Jenny is able to rape Garp due to his priapism, thus impregnating herself. She names the resultant child after Garp and raises him on her own. \n Film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four, by which he was \"entertained but unmoved,\" three stars as a \"palatable\" interpretation of the novel, considering it \"wonderfully well-written\" yet \"cruel, annoying and smug,\" and wrote:\n During a political rally, Jenny is shot and killed by an anti-feminist fanatic. The women of Jenny's center hold a memorial for her, but forbid all men from attending. Garp, dressed as a woman, is secreted into the memorial by Muldoon. He is identified by Pooh, a Jamesian he had known when they both were in school. A commotion breaks out, and Garp is in danger of being hurt, until a woman leads him out of the memorial, away from danger, and to a taxi. The woman is Ellen James, who thanks Garp for his book about her. The Jamesians are further outraged that Garp attended the memorial. \n The movie adaptation was filmed mostly in the Leewood Estates neighborhood of Eastchester, New York in the spring and summer of 1981. Many scenes were filmed at the town's high school, as well as Rutgers University. \n I thought the acting was unconventional and absorbing (especially by Williams, by Glenn Close as his mother, and by John Lithgow as a transsexual). I thought the visualization of the events, by director George Roy Hill, was fresh and consistently interesting. But when the movie was over, my immediate response was not at all what it should have been. All I could find to ask myself was:What the hell was that all about? \n Film critic Pauline Kael wrote, \"There's no feeling of truth in either the book or the movie,\" and that this \"generally faithful adaptation, seems no more (and no less) than a castration fantasy.\" \n * Robin Williams as T.S. Garp \n * James \"J.B.\" McCall as young Garp \n * Mary Beth Hurt as Helen Holm \n * Glenn Close as Jenny Fields \n * John Lithgow as Roberta Muldoon \n * Hume Cronyn as Mr. Fields \n * Jessica Tandy as Mrs. Fields \n * Swoosie Kurtz as The Hooker \n * Peter Michael Goetz as John Wolf \n * Mark Soper as Michael Milton \n * Warren Berlinger as Stew Percy \n * Brandon Maggart as Ernie Holm \n * Amanda Plummer as Ellen James \n * Jenny Wright as Cushie (Steering School) \n\n\n | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) \n---|---\n The World According to Garp \n--- \nTheatrical release poster \nDirected by | George Roy Hill \nProduced by | George Roy Hill \nScreenplay by | Steve Tesich \nBased on | The World According to Garp by John Irving \nStarring | \n\n * Robin Williams \n * Mary Beth Hurt \n * Glenn Close \n * John Lithgow \n\n \nCinematography | Miroslav Ondricek \nEdited by | Stephen A. Rotter \nProduction company | Warner Bros. Pan Arts \nDistributed by | Warner Bros. \nRelease date | \n\n * July 23, 1982 (1982-07-23) \n * * * * \n \nRunning time | 136 minutes \nCountry | United States \nLanguage | English \nBudget | $17 million \nBox office | $29,712,172 \n Having learned about his wife's infidelity with one of her students, Garp gets into a car accident while his children are riding in the back seat. He crashes into his wife's lover's car, parked in their driveway, while his wife is in the car performing fellatio. As a result, Walt is killed and Duncan suffers an eye injury. Garp, through the aid of his mother, learns to forgive himself and his wife for their fidelity problems. The couple reconcile, and they have a baby daughter named Jenny. \n Garp returns to his old school as the wrestling coach. One day during practice, Pooh enters the gymnasium and shoots him at close range with a pistol. Garp is airlifted away from the school by helicopter with his wife. He flashes back to an earlier time when his mother would toss him into the air. \n Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that \"the movie is a very fair rendering of Mr. Irving's novel, with similar strengths and weaknesses. If the novel was picaresque and precious, so is the film-although the absence of the book's self-congratulatory streak helps the movie achieve a much lighter, more easy-going style.\" \n Garp grows up, becoming interested in wrestling and fiction writing, topics his mother has little interest in. Garp's writing piques the interest of the daughter of the school's wrestling coach, Helen Holm. She is wary of him. Jenny also observes Garp's interest in this regard and is intellectually curious about it, having little more than clinical interest in sex herself. She offers to procure a prostitute for Garp, and-after engaging the two of them in conversation on the subject-decides to write a book on her observations of lust and human sexuality. \n Garp spends time visiting his mother and the people who live at her center, including transsexual ex-football player Roberta Muldoon. He also first hears the story of Ellen James, a girl who was gang raped and then had her tongue cut out so that she could not identify her attackers. Some of the women at Jenny's center are \"Ellen Jamesians\", women who voluntarily cut out their own tongues as a show of solidarity. Garp is horrified by the practice and learns that the Jamesians have received a letter from Ellen James begging them to stop the practice, but that they have voted to refuse. \n The World According to Garp is a 1982 American comedy-drama film produced and directed by George Roy Hill, written by Steve Tesich, and starring Robin Williams in the title role. It is based on the novel The World According to Garp by John Irving. For their roles, John Lithgow and Glenn Close were respectively nominated for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and Best Actress in a Supporting Role at the 55th Academy Awards."
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"Long Parliament The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640, and which in turn had followed an 11-year parliamentary absence. In September 1640, King Charles I issued writs summoning a parliament to convene on 3 November 1640. He intended it to pass financial bills, a step made necessary by the costs of the Bishops' Wars in Scotland. The Long Parliament received its name from the fact that, by Act of Parliament, it stipulated it could be dissolved only with agreement of the members; and, those members did not agree to its dissolution until 16 March 1660, after the English Civil War and near the close of the Interregnum. The Parliament sat from 1640 until 1648, when it was purged by the New Model Army. In the chaos following the death of Oliver Cromwell in 1658, General George Monck allowed the members barred in 1648 to retake their seats, so that they could pass the necessary legislation to allow the Restoration and dissolve the Long Parliament. This cleared the way for a new Parliament to be elected, which was known as the Convention Parliament. Some key members of the Long Parliament, such as Sir Henry Vane the Younger and General Edmond Ludlow, barred from the final acts of the Long Parliament, claimed it was not legally dissolved, its final votes a procedural irregularity (words used contemporaneously \"device\" and \"conspiracy\") by General George Monck to ensure the restoration of King Charles II of England. On the restoration the general was awarded with a Dukedom. American Whig historian Charles Wentworth Upham believed the Long Parliament comprised \"a set of the greatest geniuses for government that the world ever saw embarked together in one common cause\" and whose actions produced an effect, which, at the time, made their country the wonder and admiration of the world, and is still felt and exhibited far beyond the borders of that country, in the progress of reform, and the advancement of popular liberty. He believed its republican principles made it a precursor to the American Revolutionary War. The sole reason Charles I assembled Parliament in November, 1640 was to ask it to pass finance bills, since the controverted taxation of ship money was unpopular, and since the Bishops' Wars had bankrupted him. Instead, the Parliament quickly proceeded to impeach William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, of high treason, on 18 December. John Finch was impeached the following day, and he consequently fled to the Netherlands with Charles's permission on 21 December. The Parliament was initially influenced by John Pym (1584–1643) and his supporters. Pym rose in his place and entered into a particular enumeration of the troubles of the kingdom. Early in the Long Parliament's proceedings, the house also unanimously accused the Earl of Strafford of high treason, and other crimes and misdemeanors. This marked a new unanimity in Irish politics, whereby Old English, Gaelic Irish and New English settlers joined together in a legal body to present evidence against governor Strafford. However, the evidence was supplied indirectly by Henry Vane the Younger through the acquisition of notes of his father Henry Vane the Elder. Vane the Elder, on the King's Privy Council, remained completely loyal to his King and was aghast when he learned in public hearings of the theft of his notes of the King's Privy council by his son. On 10 April, Pym's case against Strafford collapsed, but Pym made a direct appeal to the Younger Vane to produce a copy of the notes from the King's Privy Council, which the Younger Vane had discovered and secretly turned over to Pym, to his father's great anguish. These handwritten notes of the elder Vane obtained by Henry Vane the Younger were confirmed by independent testimony. Lord Strafford had told the King: \"Sir, you have done your duty, and your subjects have failed in theirs; and therefore you are absolved from the rules of government, and may supply yourself by extraordinary ways; you have an army in Ireland, with which you may reduce the kingdom.\" Parliament, as representatives of the people, felt betrayed, and accused Strafford of raising an Irish army for the purpose of subduing England, abolishing English freedoms, and collecting revenues for the King. Pym immediately moved a Bill of Attainder, asserting Strafford's guilt and ordering that he be put to death. Charles, however, promised Strafford that he would not sign the attainder, so it could not be passed. The Lords opposed the severity of the death sentence imposed upon Strafford, but increased tensions and an attempted army coup in support of Strafford began to sway the issue. On 21 April, the Bill went virtually unopposed in the Commons (204 in favour, 59 opposed, and 250 abstained), the Lords acquiesced. Charles, fearing for his family's safety, signed the death warrant on 10 May. Strafford was beheaded two days later. With the King having been implicated, the Long Parliament passed the Triennial Act, also known as the Dissolution Act, in May 1641, to which the Royal Assent was readily granted. In the meantime both Parliament and the King agreed to an independent investigation of royal involvement in Strafford's plot. This Triennial Act required Parliament to be summoned at least once every three years, and stipulated that when the King failed to issue proper summons, the members could assemble on their own. This act also forbade ship money without Parliament's consent, declared unlawful both fines in destraint of knighthood and forced loans, severely cut back monopolies, and abolished the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission by the Habeas Corpus Act 1640 and the Triennial Act 1641. The very doctrine of modern freedoms has, to some degree, its origins in these acts. All remaining forms of taxation were legalised and regulated by the Tonnage and Poundage Act, the billetting of soldiers was funded, whereas it had not been under Charles; and the Ship Money Act 1640 vacated the contentious ship money issue. On 3 May, Parliament issued the Protestation of 1641, attacking the 'wicked counsels' of Charles's government. Those who signed the petition undertook to defend 'the true reformed religion', Parliament, and the king's person, honour, and estate. Throughout May, the House of Commons passed several bills attacking bishops and episcopalianism in general, but each time the Lords refused to acquiesce. Charles made several important concessions to Parliament, but improved his own military position by securing the favour of the Scots that summer. He promised the official establishment of Presbyterianism in Scotland; in return, he enlisted considerable Scottish support. But \"The Incident\", an attempted royalist coup in Scotland, significantly undermined Charles's credibility there. The Irish Rebellion, which started in October 1641, brought the control of the army back into the discussions between King and Parliament. Led by John Pym, Parliament presented the King with the Grand Remonstrance, which the House of Commons passed by 11 votes (159–148) on 22 November 1641. It listed over 150 perceived \"misdeeds\" of Charles' reign, including putting the Church under the influence of foreign papists, and royal advisers also \"have[ing] engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers\". The second half of the Remonstrance proposed solutions to the \"misdeeds,\" including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers. In December 1641, Parliament asserted control over appointment of Army and Navy commanders in the Militia Ordinance. The king rejected the Grand Remonstrance and refused to give royal assent to the Militia Ordinance. Charles believed that Puritans (or \"Dissenters\") had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops' Wars. He thought the Puritans had been",
"on 22 November 1641. It listed over 150 perceived \"misdeeds\" of Charles' reign, including putting the Church under the influence of foreign papists, and royal advisers also \"have[ing] engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers\". The second half of the Remonstrance proposed solutions to the \"misdeeds,\" including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers. In December 1641, Parliament asserted control over appointment of Army and Navy commanders in the Militia Ordinance. The king rejected the Grand Remonstrance and refused to give royal assent to the Militia Ordinance. Charles believed that Puritans (or \"Dissenters\") had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops' Wars. He thought the Puritans had been stirred up by the Five Members, the vociferous MPs John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Arthur Haselrig, and William Strode; also Viscount Mandeville (the future Earl of Manchester) who sat in the House of Lords, and that the Five intended to turn the London mob against him. When rumours reached the court that they were also planning to impeach the Queen for alleged involvement in Catholic plots, Charles decided to arrest them for treason. No king had ever entered the House of Commons, but on Tuesday, 4 January 1642, in gross violation of Parliamentary privilege, the King entered the House with armed men to arrest the Five Members. They had been warned and fled. Charles sat in the chair of the Speaker of the House, William Lenthall. Looking around in vain for the Five Members, he commented, \"I see the birds have flown.\" He then turned to Lenthall, who stood below, and demanded of him whether any of those persons were in the House, whether he saw any of them and where they were. Lenthall fell on his knees and replied: \"May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here.\" After failing to arrest the Five Members and fearing for his safety, Charles left London on 10 January. Most royalist MPs also departed. However, because of the Dissolution Act, the Long Parliament continued to sit during and beyond the Civil War, without its royalist members. Charles declared Parliament in rebellion and began raising an army. He set up his court at Oxford, where the royalist MPs formed the Oxford Parliament. In March 1642, with the King absent from London and war clouds gathering, Parliament decreed that its own Parliamentary Ordinances were valid laws, even without royal assent. The Militia Ordinance was passed on 5 March by Parliament and gave Parliament control of the local militia called Trained Bands. Control of the Trained Bands of London was the most strategically critical, because they could protect Parliament from armed intervention by any soldiers which Charles had near the capital. In response to the Militia Ordinance, Charles revived the Commissions of Array as a means of summoning an army instead. In 1645 Parliament reaffirmed its determination to fight the war to a finish. It passed the Self-denying Ordinance, by which all members of either House of Parliament resigned any military commands, and formed the New Model Army under the command of Fairfax and Cromwell. The New Model Army soon destroyed Charles' armies. Charles tried to rally support in the Midlands, but by May 1646 he sought shelter with a Presbyterian Scottish army at Southwell, Nottinghamshire. The Scots later handed over Charles to Parliament and he was imprisoned. This marked the end of the First English Civil War. While Charles negotiated with Parliament, the House of Commons investigated his policies. A political stalemate resulted. Charles briefly escaped captivity in 1647, made a secret alliance with the Scots, and incited fresh Royalist rebellions. This resulted in the Second English Civil War of 1648, which the New Model Army again quickly won. Nonetheless, in 1648, Parliament determined that it was not to abjure the King's person; that is, depose him from the throne. \"During the negotiations with the King, he manifested a fixed resolution to do all that could be done to make the best of the opportunity the country then enjoyed, of securing to itself the blessings of liberty.\" Parliament was by this time deeply suspicious of the Army, and vice versa. On 1 December 1648, the House voted 129 to 83 to continue negotiations with Charles for reforming the government on terms they had proposed and he had accepted. This would allow for the King's restoration and the end of the stalemate between Parliament and the King. Legally, this should have ended the Civil War and restored the King with limited powers. Divisions emerged between various factions, culminating in Pride's Purge on 7 December 1648, when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically barred and arrested 41 of the members of Parliament. Many of the excluded members were Presbyterians. Henry Vane the younger removed himself from Parliament in protest of this unlawful action by Ireton. He was not party to the execution of Charles I, although Cromwell was. In the wake of the ejections, the remnant, the \"Rump Parliament\", arranged for the trial and execution of Charles I on 30 January 1649. It was also responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England in 1649. Henry Vane the Younger was persuaded to rejoin Parliament on 17 February 1649 and a Council of state was installed, into whose hands the executive government of the nation was committed. Sir Henry Vane was appointed a member of the Council. Cromwell used great pains to induce Vane to accept the appointment, and after many consultations, he so far prevailed in satisfying Vane of the purity of his principles in reference to the Commonwealth, as to overcome his reluctance again to enter the public service. Sir Henry Vane was for some time President of the Council, and, as Treasurer and Commissioner for the Navy, he had almost the exclusive direction of that branch of public service. Cromwell \"well knew that while the Long Parliament, that noble company, who had fought the great battle of liberty from the beginning, remained in session, and such men as Vane were enabled to mingle in its deliberations, it would be utterly useless for him to think of executing his purposes\" (to set up a Protectorate or Dictatorship). Henry Vane was working on a Reform Bill. Cromwell knew \"that if the Reform Bill should be suffered to pass, and a House of Commons be convened, freely elected on popular principles, and constituting a full and fair and equal representation, it would be impossible ever after to overthrow the liberties of the people, or break down the government of the country\". According to General Edmund Ludlow (an unapologetic supporter of the Good Old Cause who lived in exile after the Restoration), this reform bill provided for an equal representation of the people, disfranchised several boroughs which had ceased to have a population in proportion to representation, fixed the number of the House at four hundred\". It would have \"secured to England and to the rest of the world the blessings of republican institutions, two centuries earlier than can now be expected\". \"Harrison, who was in Cromwell's confidence on this occasion, rose to debate the motion, merely in order to gain time. Word was carried to Cromwell, that the House were on the point of putting the final motion; and Colonel Ingoldby hastened to Whitehall to tell him, that, if he intended to do anything decisive, he had no time to lose\". Once the troops were in place Cromwell entered the assembly. He was dressed in a suit of plain black; with grey worsted stockings. He took his seat; and appeared to be listening to the debate. As the Speaker was about to rise to put the question, Cromwell whispered to Harrison, \"Now is the time; I must do it\". As he rose, his countenance became flushed",
"of the world the blessings of republican institutions, two centuries earlier than can now be expected\". \"Harrison, who was in Cromwell's confidence on this occasion, rose to debate the motion, merely in order to gain time. Word was carried to Cromwell, that the House were on the point of putting the final motion; and Colonel Ingoldby hastened to Whitehall to tell him, that, if he intended to do anything decisive, he had no time to lose\". Once the troops were in place Cromwell entered the assembly. He was dressed in a suit of plain black; with grey worsted stockings. He took his seat; and appeared to be listening to the debate. As the Speaker was about to rise to put the question, Cromwell whispered to Harrison, \"Now is the time; I must do it\". As he rose, his countenance became flushed and blacked by the terrific passions which the crisis awakened. With the most reckless violence of manner and language, he abused the character of the House; and, after the first burst of his denunciations had passed, suddenly changing his tone, he exclaimed, \"You think, perhaps, this is not parliamentary language; I know it; nor are you to expect such from me\". He then advanced out into the middle of the hall, and walked to and fro, like a man beside himself. In a few moments he stamped upon the floor, the doors flew open and a file of musketeers entered. As they advanced, Cromwell exclaimed, looking over the House, \"You are no Parliament; I say you are no Parliament; begone, and give place to honester men\". \"While this extraordinary scene was transacting, the members, hardly believing their own ears and eyes, sat in mute amazement, horror, and pity of the maniac traitor who was storming and raving before them. At length Vane rose to remonstrate, and call him to his senses; but Cromwell, instead of listening to him, drowned his voice, repeating with great vehemence, and as though with the desperate excitement of the moment, \"Sir Harry Vane! Sir Harry Vane! Good Lord deliver me from Sir Harry Vane!\" He then seized the records, snatched the bill from the hands of the clerk, drove the members out at the point of the bayonet, locked the doors, put the key in his pocket, and returned to Whitehall. Oliver Cromwell forcibly disbanded the Rump in 1653 when it seemed to be planning to perpetuate itself rather than call new elections as had been agreed. It was followed by Barebone's Parliament and then the First, Second and Third Protectorate Parliament. After Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father Oliver as Lord Protector in 1658, was effectively deposed by an officers' coup in April 1659, the officers re-summoned the Rump Parliament to sit. It convened on 7 May 1659, but after five months in power it again clashed with the army (led by John Lambert) and was again forcibly dissolved on 13 October 1659. Once again, Sir Henry Vane was the leading catalyst for the republican cause in opposition to force by the military. The persons connected with the administration as it existed at the death of Oliver were, of course, interested in keeping things as they were. Also, it was necessary for someone to assume the reins of government until the public will could be ascertained and brought into exercise. Henry Vane was elected to Parliament at Kingston upon Hull, but the certificate was given to another. Vane proceeded to Bristol, entered the canvass, and received the majority. Again the certificate was given to another. Finally Vane proceeded to Whitechurch in Hampshire and was elected a third time and was this time seated in Parliament. Vane managed the debates on behalf of the House of Commons. One of Vane's speeches effectively ended Richard Cromwell's career: This speech swept everything before it. The Rump Parliament which Oliver Cromwell had dispersed in 1653 was once more summoned to assemble, by a declaration from the Council of Officers dated on 6 May 1659. Edmond Ludlow made several attempts to reconcile the army and parliament in this time period but was ultimately unsuccessful. Parliament ordered the regiments of Colonel Morley and Colonel Moss to march to Westminster for their security, and sent for the rest of the troops that were about London to draw down to them also with all speed. In October 1659, Colonel Lambert and various subordinate members of the army, acting in the military interest, resisted Colonel Morley and others who were defending the rump Parliament. Colonel Lambert, Major Grimes, and Colonel Sydenham eventually gained their points, and placed guards both by land and water, to hinder the members of Parliament from approaching the House. Colonel Lambert subsequently acquitted himself to Henry Vane the Younger, Edmond Ludlow and the \"Committee on Safety,\" an instrument of the Wallingford House party acting under their misdirection. Nevertheless, Parliament was closed once again by military force until such time that the army and leaders of Parliament could effect a resolution. Rule then passed to an unelected \"Committee of Safety\", including Lambert and Vane; pending a resolution or compromise with the Army. During these disorders, the Council of State still assembled at the usual place, and: The Council of Officers at first attempted to come to some agreement with the leaders of Parliament. On 15 October 1659, the Council of Officers appointed ten persons to \"consider of fit ways and means to carry on the affairs and government of the Commonwealth\". On 26 October 1659 the Council of Officers appointed a new Committee of Safety of twenty-three members. On 1 November 1659, the Committee of Safety nominated a committee \"to consider of and prepare a form of government to be settled over the three nations in the way of a free state and Commonwealth, and afterwards to present it to the Committee of Safety for their further considerations\". The designs of General Fleetwood of the army and the Wallingford House party were now suspected as being in a possible alliance with Charles II. According to Edmond Ludlow: Edmond Ludlow warned both the Army and key members of Parliament that unless a compromise could be made it would \"render all the blood and treasure that had been spent in asserting our liberties of no use to us, but also force us under such a yoke of servitude, that neither we nor our posterity should be able to bear\". Starting on 17 December 1659, Henry Vane representing the Parliament, Major Saloway and Colonel Salmon with powers from the officers of the army to treat with the fleet, and Vice-Admiral Lawson met in negotiating a compromise. The navy was very adverse to any proposal of terms to be made with the Parliament before Parliament's readmission, insisting upon the absolute submission of the army to the authority of Parliament. A plan was then put in place declaring a resolution to join with the Generals at Portsmouth, Colonel Monck, and Vice-Admiral Lawson, but it was still unknown to the republican party that Colonel Monck was in league with King Charles II. Colonel Monck, though a hero to the restoration of King Charles II, was also treacherously disloyal to the Long Parliament, to his oath to the present Parliament, and to the Good Old Cause. Ludlow stated in early January 1660 when in conversation with several key officers of the army: This statement may be verified by the many executions of key Parliament members and Generals after the restoration of King Charles II. Therefore, the restoration of King Charles II could not be an act of the Long Parliament acting freely under its own authority, but only under the influence of the sword by Colonel Monck, who traded his loyalties for the present Long Parliament, in preference to a reformed Long Parliament and to the restoration of King Charles II. Finally, on 22 April 1660, \"Major-General Lambert's party was dispersed\" and General Lambert taken prisoner by Colonel Ingoldsby. General George Monck, who had been Cromwell's viceroy in Scotland, feared that the military stood to lose power",
"stated in early January 1660 when in conversation with several key officers of the army: This statement may be verified by the many executions of key Parliament members and Generals after the restoration of King Charles II. Therefore, the restoration of King Charles II could not be an act of the Long Parliament acting freely under its own authority, but only under the influence of the sword by Colonel Monck, who traded his loyalties for the present Long Parliament, in preference to a reformed Long Parliament and to the restoration of King Charles II. Finally, on 22 April 1660, \"Major-General Lambert's party was dispersed\" and General Lambert taken prisoner by Colonel Ingoldsby. General George Monck, who had been Cromwell's viceroy in Scotland, feared that the military stood to lose power and secretly shifted his loyalty to the Crown. As he began to march south, Lambert, who had ridden out to face him, lost support in London. However, the Navy declared for Parliament, and on 26 December 1659 the Rump was restored to power. On 9 January 1660, Monck arrived in London and his plans were communicated. Whereupon Henry Vane the Younger was discharged from being a member of the Long Parliament; and Major Saloway was reproved for his role and committed to the Tower during the pleasure of the house. Lieutenant-General Fleetwood, Col. Sydenham, Lord Commissioner Whitlock, Cornelius Holland, and Mr. Strickland were required to clear themselves touching their deportment in that affair. High treason was also declared against Miles Corbet, Cor. John Jones, Col. Thomlinson, and Edmond Ludlow on 19 January 1660. 1,500 other officers were removed from their command and \"scarce one of ten of the old officers of the army were continued\". Any known Anabaptists in the army were specifically discharged. So tame had Parliament become, that though it was most visible that Monk's letters and Arthur Haslerig's instructions were designed for the dissolution of the Long Parliament, they were obeyed by the remainder of the members and all these designs were to be put into execution. Though named by Parliament for treason, Miles Corbet and Edmond Ludlow were for a while were permitted to continue to sit with Parliament, and for a time the charges against these men were dropped. After this initial show of deference to the Rump, Monck quickly found them unwilling to continue in cooperation with his plan for an election of a new parliament (the Rump Parliament believed Monck was accountable to them and had its own plan for free elections); so on 21 February 1660 he forcibly reinstated the members 'secluded' by Pride's purge in 1648, so that they could prepare legislation for the Convention Parliament. Some of the Rump Parliament were opposed and refused to sit with the Secluded Members. On 27 February 1660, \"the new Council of State being informed of some designs against the usurped power, issued out warrants for apprehending divers officers of the army; and having some jealousy of others that were members of Parliament, they procured an order of their House to authorize them to seize any member who had not sat since the coming in of the Secluded Members, if there should be occasion. When the house was ready to pass the act for dissolution, Crew who had been as forward as any man in beginning and carrying on the war against the last King, moved, that before they dissolved themselves, they would bear their witness against the horrid murder, as he called it, of the King. According to Ludlow: Having called for elections for a new Parliament to meet on 25 April, the Long Parliament was dissolved on 16 March 1660. \"Hitherto Monk had continued to make solemn protestations of his affection and fidelity to the Commonwealth interest, against a King and House of Lords; but the new militia being settled, and a Convention, calling themselves a Parliament and fit for his purpose, being met at Westminster, he sent to such lords as had sat with the Parliament till 1648, to return to the place where they used to sit, which they did, upon assurance from him, that no others should be permitted to sit with them; which promise he also broke, and let in not only such as had deserted to Oxford, but the late created lords. And Charles Stuart, eldest son of the late King, being informed of these transactions, left the Spanish territories where he then resided, and by the advice of Monk went to Breda, a town belonging to the States of Holland: from when he sent his letters and a declaration to the two House by Sir John Greenvil; whereupon the nominal House of Commons, though called by a Commonwealth writ in the name of the Keepers of the Liberties of England, passed a vote [on about April 25, 1660], 'That the government of the nation should be by a King, Lords and Commons, and that Charles Stuart should be proclaimed King of England'\". \"The Lord Mayor, Sheriffs and Aldermen of the City, treated their King with a collation under a tent, placed in St. George's Fields; and five or six hundred citizens cloathed in coats of black velvet, and (not improperly) wearing chains about their necks, by an order of the Common Council, attended on the triumph of that day; ... and those who had been so often defeated in the field, and had contributed nothing either of bravery or policy to this change, in ordering the souldiery to ride with swords drawn through the city of London to White Hall, the Duke of York and Monk leading the way; and intimating (as was supposed) a resolution to maintain that by force which had been obtained by fraud\". Initially seven, and later 'twenty persons were put to death for life and estate.' These included: Chief Justice Coke, who had been Solicitor to the High Court of Justice, Major-General Harrison, Col. John Jones (also a member of the High Court of Justice), Mr. Thomas Scot, Sir. Henry Vane, Sir. Arthur Haslerig, Sir. Henry Mildmay, Mr. Robert Wallop, the Lord Mounson, Sir. James Harrington, Mr. James Challoner, Mr. John Phelps, Mr. John Carew, Mr. Hugh Peters, Mr. Gregory Clement, Colonel Adrian Scroop, Col. Francis Hacker, Col. Daniel Axtel. Among those who appeared the most basely subservient to these 'exorbitancies' of the Court, 'Mr. William Prynn was singularly remarkable' and attempted to add to these all who 'abjured the family of the Stuarts' previously, though this motion failed. \"John Finch who had been accused of high treason twenty years before, by a full Parliament, and who by flying from their justice had saved his life, was appointed to judge some of those who should have been his judges; and Sir. Orlando Bridgman, who upon his submission to Cromwell had been permitted to practice the law in a private manner, and under that colour had served both as spy and agent for his master, was entrusted with the principal management of this tragic scene; and in his charge to the Grand Jury, had the assurance to tell them 'That no authority, no single person, or community of men; not the people collectively or representatively, had any coercive power over the King of England'\". In framing the Act of Indemnity and Oblivion, the House of Commons were unwilling to except Sir Henry Vane, Sir. Arthur Haslerig, and Major-General Lambert as they had no immediate hand in the death of the King, and there was as much reason to except them as most of the members of Parliament from its benefits. In Henry Vane's case the House of Lords were desirous of having him specifically excepted, so as to leave him at the mercy of the government and thus restrain him from the exercise of his great talents in promoting his favourite republican principles at any time during the remainder of his life. At a conference between the two Houses, it was concluded that the Commons should consent to except him from the act of indemnity, the Lords agreeing, on their part, to concur with the other House in petitioning the King, in case of the condemnation of Vane, not to carry the sentence into execution. General",
"Haslerig, and Major-General Lambert as they had no immediate hand in the death of the King, and there was as much reason to except them as most of the members of Parliament from its benefits. In Henry Vane's case the House of Lords were desirous of having him specifically excepted, so as to leave him at the mercy of the government and thus restrain him from the exercise of his great talents in promoting his favourite republican principles at any time during the remainder of his life. At a conference between the two Houses, it was concluded that the Commons should consent to except him from the act of indemnity, the Lords agreeing, on their part, to concur with the other House in petitioning the King, in case of the condemnation of Vane, not to carry the sentence into execution. General Edmond Ludlow, still loyal to the Rump Parliament was also excepted. According to contemporary royalist legal theory, the Long Parliament was regarded as having been automatically dissolved from the moment of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649. This view was confirmed by a court ruling during the treason trial of Henry Vane the Younger – a ruling that Henry Vane himself had concurred with in opposition to Oliver Cromwell years earlier. The trial given to Vane as to his own person, and defence of his own part played for the Long Parliament was a foregone conclusion. It was not a fair trial as both his defence, and deportment at the time of defence bears out. He was not given legal counsel (other than the judges that sat at his trial); and was left to conduct his own defence after years in prison. Sir Henry Vane maintained the following at his trial: King Charles II did not keep the promise made to the house but executed the sentence of death on Sir Henry Vane the Younger. The solicitor, openly declared in his speech afterwards \"that he (Henry Vane) must be made a public sacrifice\". One of his judges stated: \"We knew not how to answer him, but we know what to do with him\". Edmond Ludlow one of the members of Parliament excepted by the act of indemnity, fled to Switzerland after the restoration of King Charles II, where he wrote his memoirs of these events. The Long Parliament began with the execution of Lord Stafford, and effectively ended with the execution of Henry Vane the Younger. The republican theory is that the goal and aim of the Long Parliament was to institute a constitutional, balanced, and equally representative form of government along similar lines as were later accomplished in America by the American Revolution. It is clear from the writings of both Ludlow, Vane, and historians of the early American period such as Upham, that this is what they were striving for and why they were excepted from the acts of indemnity. The republican theory also suggests that the Long Parliament would have been successful in these necessary reforms except through the forceful intervention of Oliver Cromwell (and others) in removing the loyalists party, the unlawful execution of King Charles I, later dissolving the Rump Parliament; and finally the forceful dissolution of the reconvened Rump Parliament by Monck when less than a fourth of the required members were present. It is believed that in many ways this struggle was but a precursor to the American Revolution. Long Parliament The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640, and which in turn had followed an 11-year"
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