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Natural communication is multimodal-people get their ideas across not just through words but through gestures, diagrams, illustrations, and even practical activity. Research in discourse has found suggestive evidence for interpretative parallels across modalities; the challenge now is to substantiate these parallels at... | 0 |
The shared task (Hardmeier et al., 2015) focusses on the translation of the English pronouns "it" and "they" into French. While they both serve multiple functions in English, the most significant is as anaphoric pronouns, referring back to an entity previously mentioned in the discourse, known as the antecedent.When tr... | 0 |
Source-side preordering for translation is the task of rearranging the order of a given source sentence so that it best resembles the order of the target sentence. It is a divide-and-conquer strategy aiming to decouple long-range word movement from the core translation task. The main advantage is that translation becom... | 0 |
Misspellings are ubiquitous in student writing. Connors and Lunsford (1988) have found that spelling errors accounted for about one quarter of all errors found in a random sample of 300 student essays. Desmet and Balthazor (2006) found that spelling errors are among the five most frequent errors in first-year college c... | 0 |
Humans use natural language to convey information, mapping an abstract idea to a sentence with a specific surface form. A paraphrase is an alternative surface form of the same underlying semantic content. The ability to automatically identify and generate paraphrases is of significant interest, with applications in dat... | 0 |
Recent research in natural language parsing has extensively investigated probabilistic models of phrase-structure parse trees. As well as being the most commonly used probabilistic models of parse trees, probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) are the best understood. As shown in (Klein and Manning, 2003) , the abi... | 0 |
Document information beyond the text is readily available in many data sets, but is rarely used when building translation systems. Such information could comprise the document's origin (time, place, author), its topic, or its connections to other documents. It exists, for example, in patents, textual content on the web... | 0 |
A Chinese scientific Treebank (called the NICT Chinese Treebank) has been developed by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology of Japan (NICT). This treebank annotates the word segmentation, pos-tags, and bracketing structures according to the annotation guideline of the Penn Chinese Treeban... | 0 |
Many sentence generation systems are organized in a pipeline architecture, in which the input semantic representation is first enriched, e.g. with referring expressions, by a sentence planner and only then transformed into natural language strings by a surface realizer (Reiter and Dale, 2000) . An alternative approach ... | 0 |
Automatically interpreting language is an important challenge for computational linguistics. Semantic parsing addresses the specific task of learning to map natural language sentences to formal representations of their meaning, a problem that arises in developing natural language interfaces, for example. Given a set of... | 0 |
Information Extraction (IE) is the task of automatically extracting structured information from text (Sarawagi, 2008) . Current IE approaches mostly focus on monolingual data and use languagespecific feature sets to create extractors (Mintz et al., 2009; Surdeanu and Ji, 2014; Rocktäschel et al., 2015) . A downside of ... | 0 |
Word embeddings can meaningfully capture semantic and syntactic similarities between words. Popular embeddings are Word2Vec (Mikolov et al., 2013b) , GloVe (Pennington et al., 2014) , and Fast-Text (Bojanowski et al., 2017) . Although contextual word embeddings, like BERT embeddings (Devlin et al., 2019) and ELMo (Pete... | 0 |
We participated in the SemEval-2010 task 15 on Infrequent Sense Identification for Mandarin Text to Speech Systems. This task required systems to disambiguating the homograph word, a word that has the same POS (part of speech) but different pronunciation. In this case, we still considered it as a WSD (word sense disamb... | 0 |
The task of Natural Language Generation (NLG) comprises a wide range of subtasks which extend from an action planning until its execution (Bateman and Zoch, 2003) . This subtasks are commonly viewed as a pipeline of three stages: document planning, microplanning and surface realisation (Reiter and Dale, 2000) .The NLG ... | 0 |
Multilingual neural machine translation is raising interest in the community because it re-opens the possibility of an interlingual architecture. the main advantage of the current setting is that interlingua is not manually designed but it seems that it can be automatically extracted (Johnson et al., 2016) . In additio... | 0 |
Semantic computing is a technology to compose information content (including software) based on meaning and vocabulary shared by people and computers and thereby to design and operate information systems (i.e., artificial computing systems). Its goal is to plug the semantic gap through this common ground, to let people... | 0 |
Electronic health records (EHRs) have emerged as a potentially valuable, and complementary, source of information for pharmacovigilance, which, as a result of the limitations of clinical trialsin terms of duration and sample size -needs to be carried out throughout the life-cycle of a drug to inform decisions about sus... | 0 |
Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA) systems answer questions by obtaining information from KB tuples (Berant et al., 2013; Bordes et al., 2015; Bast and Haussmann, 2015; Yih et al., 2015; . For an input question, these systems typically generate a KB query, which can be executed to retrieve the answers from a KB. ... | 0 |
With the rapid development of the Web of Data, many RDF datasets have been published as Linked Data (Bizer et al., 2009) , such as DBpedia (Auer et al., 2007) , Freebase (Bollacker et al., 2008) and YAGO (Suchanek et al., 2007) . The growing amount of Linked Data contains a wealth of knowledge, including entities, clas... | 0 |
Since the introduction of BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) , automatic machine translation (MT) evaluation has received a lot of research interest. The Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT) hosts regular campaigns comparing different machine translation evaluation metrics (Callison-Burch et al., 2009; Callison-... | 0 |
Language is subject to constant evolution and change. Hence, lexicographers are always several steps behind the current state of language in discovering new words, new senses of existing words, cataloging them, and illustrating them using good example sentences. To facilitate this work, lexicographers increasingly rely... | 0 |
The field of machine translation is almost as old as the modern digital computer. In 1949 Warren Weaver suggested that the problem be attacked with statistical methods and ideas from information theory, an area which he, Claude Shannon, and others were developing at the time (Weaver 1949) . Although researchers quickly... | 0 |
A significant amount of work in empirical natural language processing involves developing and refining machine learning techniques to automatically extract linguistic knowledge from online text corpora. While the number of learning variants for various problems has been increasing, the size of training sets such learni... | 0 |
Historically, Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems have generally been built as sequential pipelines, where each module adds another layer of annotation, in order of (supposed) increasing complexity. Progress in neural networks has, however, led to the development of state-of-the-art systems that completely bypass... | 0 |
Smart devices, such as smart phones or TVs, allow users to achieve their goals (intentions) through verbal and nonverbal communication. The intention sometimes can be fulfilled in one single domain (i.e., an app). However, it is possible to span multiple domains and requires information coordination among these domains... | 0 |
Text simplification (TS) addresses the translation of an input sentence into one or more simpler sentences. It is a useful preprocessing step for several NLP tasks, such as machine translation (Chandrasekar et al., 1996; Mishra et al., 2014) and relation extraction (Niklaus et al., 2016) , and has also been shown usefu... | 0 |
Sentiment modification of natural language texts is a special task that connects sentiment analysis and natural language generation. It facilitates many NLP applications, such as news rewriting and automatic conversion of review attitude, which reduce the human effort. Sentiment modification presents two requirements: ... | 0 |
Since significant amount of the web contents are in English 1 , it is very important to have a Machine Translation (MT) system for monolingual speakers of different languages. Bangla is the native language of around 230 million speakers worldwide, mostly from Bangladesh and West Bengal of India. To improve the informat... | 0 |
The Stochastic Segment Model [6, 10, 9] was proposed as an alternative to hidden Markov models (HMMs), in order to overcome the limiting assumptions of the latter that observation features are conditionally independent given the underlying state sequence. The main disadvantage of the SSM over other methods is its compu... | 0 |
Automatic language identification is considered a solved problem in a regular scenario. McNamee (2005) demonstrated how even the most simple of the methods, based on language prototypes of term frequencies, is able to achieve almost 100% accuracy of classification. However, it is far to be solved if we consider the cla... | 0 |
It has long been assumed that verbal irony, or sarcasm, is principally a pragmatic phenomenon, and many studies from psycholinguistics have demon-strated the social, contextual, and interpersonal factors that affect its use and interpretation (for reviews, see Gibbs, 1994 Gibbs, , 2003 Giora, 2003) .An example of such ... | 0 |
Semantic Text Similarity (STS) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task whereby a system, given two input text segments, assigns to them a similarity score in a discrete or continuous scale that ranges from representing total similarity-for semantically equivalent segments-to representing total dissimilarity-for seg... | 0 |
Dependency parse trees, as the most commonly used syntax representation, is a preliminary part in many Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. Existing data-driven dependency parsers are divided into two classes, graph-based and transition-based. As typical graph-based parsers, MSTParser and its variants (McDonald et a... | 0 |
One of the most important things in keeping up with our current information-driven society is the acquisition of foreign languages, especially English for international communications. In developing a computer-assisted language teaching and learning environment, we have compiled a large-scale speech corpus of Japanese ... | 0 |
In a coherent text, units (clauses, sentences, and larger multi-clause groupings) are tightly connected semantically, syntactically, and logically. Mann and Thompson (1988) define a text to be coherent when it is possible to describe clearly the role that each discourse unit (at any level of grouping) plays with respec... | 0 |
Sentiment analysis is the process of identifying and extracting subjective information using Natural Language Processing (NLP). It helps identifying opinions and extracting relevant information that lies behind the analyzed data. Sentiment analysis has received enormous interest in NLP, and in particular in the context... | 0 |
Abstract Meaning Representation (Banarescu et al., 2013 , AMR) is a popular formalism for representing the semantics of natural language in a readable and hierarchical way. AMR pairs English sentences with graph-based logical formulas which are easily accessible by both humans and machines, while abstracting away from ... | 0 |
Most successful automated dialogue systems follow task-oriented dialogue management methodology, which defines an explicit goal that the system is seeking to fulfill through the conversation with the user . Recently, the research in chat-oriented dialogue management has experienced a substantial increase in popularity.... | 0 |
Social media platforms, such as Twitter, provide the public with an opportunity to share their thoughts and feelings with others through short posts of text. This has created a rich area of research to examine for linguistic expressions used on social media and explore expressions of emotion (sarcasm, humour, offense, ... | 0 |
The emergence of phrase-based statistical machine translation (PSMT) (Koehn et al., 2003a) has been one of the major developments in statistical approaches to translation. Allowing translation of word sequences (phrases) instead of single words provides PSMT with a high degree of robustness in word selection and in loc... | 0 |
Multiword expressions (MWEs) are sequences of words that form non-compositional semantic units. Their identification is crucial for semantic analysis, which is traditionally based on the principle of compositionality. For instance, the meaning of cut the mustard cannot be compositionally derived from the meaning of its... | 0 |
Quantifier scope ambiguity is a big challenge in deep language understanding systems. Consider the following conversation:Woman: I believe there is one true soulmate for every person. Man: He must be very busy. 1 Most people find the man's answer unusual (humorous, sarcastic, etc.) . This is because one of the two scop... | 0 |
The increasing amount of information that is available to both professional users (such as journalists, financial analysts and intelligence analysts) and lay users has called for methods condensing information, in order to make the most important content stand out. Several methods have been proposed over the last two d... | 0 |
In recent times, Online Social Media (OSM) has become an indispensable part of our lives. Not only these websites connect billions of people around the world, but they also serve as a platform for expressing opinions and sharing information quickly. However, recently OSM platforms have been a subject for criticism over... | 0 |
Deverbal compounds (DCs) are noun-noun compounds whose head is derived from a verb by means of a productive nominalizing suffix such as -al, -ance, -er, -ion, -ing, or -ment, and whose non-head is usually interpreted as an object of the base verb, as illustrated in (1). Root compounds differ from DCs in that they need ... | 0 |
Adobe Systems has successfully employed Machine Translation (MT) with post-editing as part of the document localization process for over two years. While the use of MT for localization continues to grow, Adobe is also moving to expand the application of the technology to other products and processes throughout the comp... | 0 |
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are known to capture long-distance and complex dependencies within sequential data. In recent years, RNNbased architectures have emerged as a powerful and effective architecture choice for language modeling (Mikolov et al., 2010) . When equipped with infinite precision and rational stat... | 0 |
Ambiguity resolution is a central task in Natural Language Processing. Interestingly, not all languages are ambiguous in the same way. For example, prepositional phrase (PP) attachment is (notoriously) ambiguous in English (and related European languages), but is strictly unambiguous in Chinese and largely unambiguous ... | 0 |
Parallel corpora have proved to be a valuable resource not only for statistical machine translation, but also for crosslingual induction of morphological, syntactic and semantic analyses (Yarowsky et al., 2001; Dyvik, 2004) . In this paper, we propose an approach to the identification of multiword expressions (MWEs) th... | 0 |
La recherche en compréhension du langage est très active notamment dans les disciplines d'analyse conversationnelle et de la parole, et de détection de thématique comme le montrent (Tur & De Mori, 2011) et (Purver, 2011) . Un des axes d'innovation est lié à la détection de thèmes dans des conversions téléphoniques (voi... | 0 |
Style Transfer (ST) is the task of automatically transforming text in one style into another (for example, making an impolite request more polite). Most work in this growing field has focused primarily on style transfer within English, while covering different languages has received disproportional interest. Concretely... | 0 |
Neural machine translation (NMT) has been rapidly developed in recent years (Kalchbrenner and Blunsom, 2013; Sutskever et al., 2014; Bahdanau et al., 2015; Tu et al., 2016) . The encoderdecoder architecture is widely employed, in which the encoder summarizes the source sentence into a vector representation, and the dec... | 0 |
A sememe is an indivisible semantic unit for human languages defined by linguists (Bloomfield, 1926) . The semantic meanings of concepts (e.g., words) can be composed by a finite number of sememes. However, the sememe set of a word is * Work done while doing internship at Tsinghua University.† Equal contribution. Huimi... | 0 |
The rapid technological progress in the field of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has lead to claims that speech-to-text systems can achieve up to 90% accuracy [9, 15] . The aim of this paper is to shed some light on the impact that this progress has on the productivity of end users. Until now, the evaluation of ASR ... | 0 |
It is natural for people to know the topic of the document when they see some specific words in the document. For example, when we read a news, if title of the news includes a word " (Yao Ming)", as we know, " (Yao Ming)" is a famous China basketball athlete in US NBA game, so we could recognize the topic of the docume... | 0 |
The dominant models used in machine translation and sequence tagging are formally based on either weighted finite-state transducers (FSTs) or weighted synchronous context-free grammars (SCFGs) (Lopez, 2008) . Phrase-based models (Koehn et al., 2003) , lexical translation models (Brown et al., 1993) , and finite-state c... | 0 |
In the scenario of a human interacting with a computer, meaning is getting produced and processed. We are interested in impacting the notion of this meaning that is getting created in the human.Philosophers and Linguists have routinely used the term "Semantics" to represent the notion of meaning. Now, this notion of se... | 0 |
Information on the gender of noun phrase (NP) referents can be exploited in a range of NLP tasks including anaphora resolution and the applications that can benefit from it such as coreference resolution, information retrieval, information extraction, machine translation, etc. The gender of NP referents is explicitly r... | 0 |
Shell nouns are abstract nouns, such as fact, issue, idea, and problem, which facilitate efficiency by avoiding repetition of long stretches of text. The shell metaphor comes from Schmid (2000) , and it captures the various functions of these nouns in a discourse: containment, signalling, pointing, and encapsulating. S... | 0 |
The last few years have seen a tremendous progress in neural language modeling, with a strong impact on key NLP tasks such as machine translation (Sutskever et al., 2014; Vaswani et al., 2017) , speech recognition (Chorowski et al., 2015) , summarization (Rush et al., 2015) , and open-ended text generation (Radford et ... | 0 |
Natural language analysis serves as the basic block upon which natural language applications such as machine translation, natural language interfaces, and speech processing can be built. A natural language parsing system must incorporate three components of natural language, namely, lexicon, morphology, and syntax. As ... | 0 |
Current natural language processing (NLP) pipelines often make use of transfer learning, where a model is pre-trained on a data-rich task before being fine-tuned on a downstream task of interest (Ruder et al., 2019) . The success of this paradigm is partially thanks to the release of parameter checkpoints for pre-train... | 0 |
Les marqueurs discursifs (MD) ont été de plus en plus étudiés pendant ces dernières décennies (voir notamment Hansen, 1998 ; Schiffrin, 1987 ; Aijmer, 2002) . Les marqueurs discursifs fonctionnent au niveau discursif ou situationnel et donc amènent un sens différent selon le contexte ou la situation du discours. Leur f... | 0 |
Named entity recognition (NER) is the task of detecting and classifying named entities in text into a fixed set of pre-defined categories (person, location, etc.) with several downstream applications including machine reading , entity and event co-reference (Yang and Mitchell, 2016) , and text mining (Han and Sun, 2012... | 0 |
In this shared task, we have to extract 10 types of (or not typed) named entities in Twitter data. We have at our disposal two labelled corpora: train and dev. The first section shows some specificities of the data, from an example it contains. We then construct a CRF model for the task, using the software Wapiti. Our ... | 0 |
The last years have seen a large amount of work in Natural Language Processing (NLP) using measures of semantic similarity and relatedness. We believe that the extensive usage of such measures derives also from the availability of robust and freely available software that allows to compute them (Pedersen et al., 2004, ... | 0 |
In Natural Language Processing (NLP), multilingualism refers to the capability of a single model to cope with multiple languages. Recently, different Transformer-based architectures have been extended to operate over multiple languages, as in Conneau et al. (2020) ; Conneau and Lample (2019) ; Pires et al. (2019) . Des... | 0 |
Following exciting work on style transfer for images (Gatys et al., 2016) , neural style transfer for text has gained research interest as an application and testbed for syntactic and semantic understanding of natural language (Li et al., 2018; Shen et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2017; Prabhumoye et al., 2018) . Unfortunatel... | 0 |
Dans la suite de notre article, nous présentons les corpus que nous avons utilisés et les méthodes d'analyse des données obtenues (section 2), ainsi que le fondement théorique qui nous a servi d'orientation dans l'étude de la polysémie et de l'alternance modale (section 3). Dans la section 4, nous avons établi une list... | 0 |
Causal reasoning is a process of detecting cause-effect relationships and is increasingly being used in artificial intelligence for improving generalization and interpretability. Modelling causal reasoning in language involves detecting such cause-effect relationships from natural language texts. A cause-effect relatio... | 0 |
The English auxiliaries are sensitive to the so called NICE (Negation, Inversion, Contraction, and Ellipsis) phenomena, as seen from the contrast with main verbs in (1) and (2):(1) a. John may not leave Seoul.b. Will John leave Seoul? c. John can't leave Seoul. d. Mary will leave Seoul, and John will, too.(2) a. *John ... | 0 |
The goal of sentiment analysis is to automatically identify affective information within texts. There are two major models to represent affective states: categorical and dimensional approaches (Calvo and Kim, 2013) . The categorical approach represents affective states as several discrete classes (e.g., positive, negat... | 0 |
As a construct, 'Organization' has figured in systems for scoring student writing for decades. On the NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress), the organization of the text, coherence, and focus are judged in relation to the writer's purpose and audience (National Assessment Governing Board, 2010) to determin... | 0 |
Localizing referring expressions in videos involves both static and dynamic information. A referring expression (Dale and Reiter, 1995; Roy and Reiter, 2005 ) is a linguistic expression that grounds its meaning to a specific referent object in the world. The input video can be very long, have unknown length, contain ma... | 0 |
Task-oriented dialogue systems communicate with users through natural language conversations to accomplish a wide range of tasks such as restaurant and flight bookings. Recent years have seen a rapid growth of interest in building task-oriented dialogue systems (Budzianowski et al., 2018) . Such systems are usually dec... | 0 |
State of the art conversational spoken language translation (CSLT) systems enable useful, functional communication between two subjects who do not speak the same language. In a typical CSLT pipeline, source language speech is transcribed using automatic speech recognition (ASR), piped to text-to-text statistical machin... | 0 |
Language identification is the task of predicting the language that a text or utterance is written or spoken in. Language identification is typically approached as a statistical text categorization task, where features are extracted by analysing different linguistic levels, from the acoustic and prosodic to the phonota... | 0 |
In recent years, the use of portable terminals, such as mobile phones and PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), has become increasingly popular. Additionally, it is expected that almost all appliances will connect to the Internet in the future. As a result, it will become increasingly popular to control these appliances ... | 0 |
EasyText is a NLG system which is operational at Kantar Media, a French subsidiary company of TNS-Sofres 1 . The company compiles numerical data for its customers on their advertising investments and sends to each customer seven tables every month, see Figure 1 for an example of a table. Before the existence of EasyTex... | 0 |
Alexa and Google Home are becoming increasingly popular, their use spanning a range of applications from reducing loneliness in the elderly (Reis et al., 2017; Ferland et al., 2018) to child entertainment and education (Druga et al., 2017) . As these conversational agents become commonplace, people are likely to expres... | 0 |
This project annotates and analyses a specific combination of narrative techniques that have not been treated in this way before. Its understanding of narrative emanates from English literary studies, but is applied using a methodology that combines the methods of that field with digital humanities methods, specificall... | 0 |
Aspect extraction is one of the key tasks in sentiment analysis. It aims to extract entity aspects on which opinions have been expressed (Hu and Liu, 2004; Liu, 2012) . For example, in the sentence "The beef was tender and melted in my mouth", the aspect term is "beef". Two sub-tasks are performed in aspect extraction:... | 0 |
Vietnamese belongs to the top 20 most spoken languages and is employed by an important community all over the world. Therefore, research on Vietnamese language processing is an essential task. This paper focuses on three main tasks for Vietnamese language processing including POS tagging, chunking, and NER.In this pape... | 0 |
Recognizing occurrences of domain specific terms and their types is important for many text processing applications. This problem is not easy, particularly in domains like medicine, where very rich terminology is generated by domain experts on a daily basis.In spite of the large interest in statistical term recognition... | 0 |
Recent pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable performance improvement in various natural language tasks (Vaswani et al., 2017; Devlin et al., 2019) . However, the improvement generally comes at the cost of increasing model size and computation, which limits the deployment of these huge pre-trained languag... | 0 |
Punctuation and segmentation for automatic speech recognition (ASR) output is crucial in order to provide a better readability of the transcript as well as for a better performance in a subsequent application, such as machine translation (MT). Current state-of-the-art ASR systems often do not generate any or reliable p... | 0 |
The narrative accompanying chest X-rays contains a wealth of information that is used to assess the health of a patient. X-rays are obviously a single snapshot in time, but the X-ray report narrative often makes either explicit or, more often, implicit reference to a previous X-ray. In this way, the sequence of X-ray r... | 0 |
The explosion of information has expedited the rapid development of text summarization technology, which can help us to grasp the key points from miscellaneous information quickly. There are broadly two types of summarization methods: extractive and abstractive. Extractive approaches select the original text segments i... | 0 |
Transformers-based pre-trained language representations, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2018) , BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) , and T5 (Raffel et al., 2020) have been counted as a promising approaches to various information retrieval tasks, such as document ranking and question answering (Yang et al., 2019a) .Prior work arg... | 0 |
Our proposal is based on a rich set of individual metrics operating at different linguistic levels: lexical (i.e., on word forms), shallow-syntactic (e.g., on word lemmas, part-of-speech tags, and base phrase chunks), syntactic (e.g., on dependency and constituency trees), shallow-semantic (e.g., on named entities and ... | 0 |
Linguistic theories are at least partially interested in presenting the regularities found in natural languages. Given the current dominance of the Transformational Generative (TG) school in the field of linguistics, it seems necessary for theories competing for attention to possess a formal model, In addition to the a... | 0 |
This paper introduces our neural machine translation (NMT) systems' participation in the 7th Workshop on Asian Translation (WAT-2020) shared translation task (Nakazawa et al., 2020) . We participated in the (i) JPO Patent, (ii) Documentlevel Business Scene Dialogue (BSD) translation, and (iii) Mixed-domain tasks. In pa... | 0 |
Hypernyms are useful in many natural language processing tasks ranging from construction of taxonomies (Snow et al., 2006; Panchenko et al., 2016a) to query expansion (Gong et al., 2005) and question answering (Zhou et al., 2013) . Automatic extraction of hypernyms from text has been an active area of research since ma... | 0 |
Named entity recognition (NER) is a well studied topic in natural language processing. There have been many methods proposed for NER, including the conventional methods based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF) (McCallum and Li, 2003) , Support Vector Machines (SVM) (Yamada et al., 2002; Takeuchi and Collier, 2002) and ... | 0 |
An essential property of natural language is the generative capacity that makes it possible for people to express indefinitely many thoughts through indefinitely many different ways of composing phrases and sentences (Chomsky, 1965) . The possibility of novel, creative expressions never seems to exhaust. Various types ... | 0 |
In active learning, a classifier participates in its own training process by posing queries, such as requesting labels for documents in a text classification task. The goal is to maximize the accuracy of the trained system in the most economically efficient way. This paradigm is well-motivated for natural language appl... | 0 |
Current evaluation frameworks for uni-or multi-modal dialogue systems (Walker et al., 2000; Beringer et al., 2002) that allow for spoken language input do not include metrics for measuring the accuracy of the involved intention recognition systems, simply because such information is hard to extract automatically from l... | 0 |
With the rapid development of Web 2.0, huge amount of user reviews are springing up on the Web. Mining opinions from these reviews become more and more urgent since that customers expect to obtain fine-grained information of products and manufacturers need to obtain immediate feedbacks from customers. In opinion mining... | 0 |
Domain Adaptation (DA) algorithms are becoming increasingly relevant in addressing issues related to i) lack of availability of training data in domains of interest and in ii) exploiting domain idiosyncrasies to improve performance of out-ofdomain algorithms. While some state of the art DA algorithms focus on improving... | 0 |
Machine paraphrasing has many applications for natural language processing tasks, including machine translation (MT), MT evaluation, summary evaluation, question answering, and natural language generation. However, a lack of standard datasets and automatic evaluation metrics has impeded progress in the field. Without t... | 0 |
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