question stringlengths 13 291 | contexts stringlengths 2 24.7k | ground_truth stringlengths 6 6.9k ⌀ | exact_answer stringlengths 2 710 |
|---|---|---|---|
Which two drugs are included in the Harvoni pill? | ['Will Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir (Harvoni) Be Cost-Effective and Affordable for Chinese Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus?', 'The developed method was applied to the analysis of the two drugs after a single oral administration of Harvoni 400/90 mg film-coated tablets containing 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledipasvir... | ['Harvoni contains 400 mg sofosbuvir and 90 mg ledipasvir. It used for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection.'] | ['sofosbuvir', 'ledipasvir'] |
What is the main symptom of Marfan syndrome patients? | ['The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment', "The not-uncommon spinal abnormalities associated with Marfan's ... | ['The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. Pathohistological alterations of the aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome consisted in pronounced restructuring of the wall with deep irreversible alternative changes. The risk of aortic dissection, which is the most serious... | ['aortic root dissection'] |
Does thyroid hormone receptor beta1 affect insulin secretion? | ['We demonstrated that thyroid hormone T3 rapidly induces Akt activation in pancreatic beta cells rRINm5F and hCM via thyroid hormone receptor (TR) beta1.', 'The silencing of TRbeta1 expression through RNAi confirmed this receptor to be crucial for the T3-induced activation of Akt.', 'T3 is able to specifically activat... | ['No'] | ['no'] |
How is OCT3 associated with serotonin? | ['The organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) is a widely expressed transporter for endogenous and exogenous organic cations. Of particular interest is OCT3 expression and function in the brain, where it plays a role in serotonin clearance and influences mood and behavior. ', 'Interestingly, OCT3 mRNA is however also signi... | ['OCT3 plays a role in serotonin clearance'] | ['serotonin clearance'] |
Which disease is associated with mutated Sox2? | ['Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are developmental ocular malformations defined as the complete absence or reduction in size of the eye. A/M is a highly heterogeneous disorder with SOX2 and FOXE3 playing major roles in dominant and recessive pedigrees, respectively;', 'anophthalmia/microphthalmia (AM) or anterio... | ['SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the SOX2 gene and clinically characterized by severe eye malformations (anophthalmia/microphthalmia) and extraocular anomalies mainly involving brain, esophagus, and genitalia.'] | ['SOX2 anophthalmia syndrome'] |
What are piggyBAC transposons? | ['The Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac DNA transposon systems have recently been developed as tools for insertional mutagenesis. ', 'The use of nonviral gene delivery approaches in conjunction with the latest generation transposon technology based on Sleeping Beauty (SB) or piggyBac transposons may potentially overcome som... | ['The piggyBAC transposons are a nonviral gene delivery approach, that have been developed as tools for insertional mutagenesis. It can mobilize 100-kb DNA fragments in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, making it the only known transposon with such a large cargo capacity. The integrity of the cargo is maintained during... | [] |
Is nimodipine recommended for prevention of vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients? | ['This article discusses some of these unresolved issues, including the use of medications such as nimodipine, antifibrinolytics, statins, and magnesium; coiling or clipping for aneurysm securement; and the prevention and treatment of potential complications.', 'The results of this study were as follows: nimodipine dem... | ['Yes, nimodipine is recommended and FDA approved for prevention of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Multiple studies have demonstrated that nimodipine (administered orally or intravenously) is safe and effective for prevention of vasospasm, and reduce frequency of ischemic complications, lowered mor... | ['yes'] |
What is the genus for the common European honey bee? | ['European honey bee (Apis mellifera)', ' European honey bees (Apis mellifera)', ' European honey bees (Apis mellifera', ' European honey bees, Apis mellifera'] | ['The genus and species of the European honey bee is Apis mellifera.'] | ['Apis'] |
Which protein is found to be mutated in Friedreich's ataxia? | ["It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "Friedreich's ataxia is a severe neurodegen... | ["It is generally accepted that Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a deficiency in frataxin expression, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron homeostasis, which mainly affects the brain, dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord, heart and in certain cases the pancreas", "It is generally accepted that Friedreich's... | ['Frataxin'] |
Which is the definition of pyknons in DNA? | ['Among the millions of discovered patterns, we found a subset of 127,998 patterns, termed pyknons, which have additional nonoverlapping instances in the untranslated and protein-coding regions of 30,675 transcripts from 20,059 human genes.', "a nonrandom pattern of repeated elements, called pyknons, which are found mo... | ["Pyknons are non-random sequence patterns significantly repeated throughout non-coding genomic DNA, which have additional nonoverlapping instances in the untranslated and protein-coding regions. They are found more frequently in the 3' untranslated regions of genes than in other regions of the human genome."] | [] |
Is there an association between bruxism and reflux? | ['Sleep bruxism is prevalent in GERD patients, and GERD is highly associated with SB.', 'There was a statistical trend towards tooth wear progression being associated with gastric risk factors (p < 0.05). ', 'This article presents a case report of a 27-year-old male smoker with tooth wear and dentin sensitivity caused ... | ['Yes, bruxism is associated with reflux. Sleep bruxism is prevalent in GERD patients.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the link between Ctf4 and Chl1 in cohesion establishment? | ['Ctf4 Links DNA Replication with Sister Chromatid Cohesion Establishment by Recruiting the Chl1 Helicase to the Replisome.', 'The Eco1 acetyltransferase, helped by factors including Ctf4 and Chl1, concomitantly acetylates the chromosomal cohesin complex to stabilize its cohesive links. Here we show that Ctf4 recruits ... | ['Ctf4 links DNA replication with sister chromatid cohesion establishment by recruiting the Chl1 helicase to the replisome. The Eco1 acetyltransferase, helped by factors including Ctf4 and Chl1, concomitantly acetylates the chromosomal cohesin complex to stabilize its cohesive links.', 'Genetic analyses revealed that R... | [] |
How effective is the dentritic cells treatment on cancer? | ['BAFF system plays a key role in the development of autoimmunity, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This often leads to the assumption that BAFF is mostly a B cell factor with a specific role in autoimmunity. Focus on BAFF and autoimmunity, driven by pharmaceutical successes with the recent approval of... | ["Another approach to cancer therapy takes advantage of the normal role of the dendritic cell as an immune educator. Dendritic cells grab antigens from viruses, bacteria, or other organisms and wave them at T cells to recruit their help in an initial T cell immune response. This works well against foreign cells that en... | [] |
In which diseases have electronic patient diaries been applied ? | ["WiiPD is an approach for the objective home based assessment of Parkinson's disease which utilizes the intuitive and sensor rich Nintendo Wii Remote. Combined with an electronic patient diary, a suite of mini-games, a metric analyzer, and a visualization engine, we propose that this system can complement existing cli... | ["Parkinson's disease\nCOPD\nFood hypersensitivity\nNiacin induced flushing\nHemophilia\nHeartburn\nHeadache"] | ["Parkinson's disease", 'COPD', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease', 'Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'Food hypersensitivity', 'Allergy', 'Niacin induced flushing', 'Hemophilia', 'Heartburn', 'Reflux', 'GERD', 'Esophageal reflux', 'Headache', 'Migraine', 'migraine headache... |
Which signaling pathway does sonidegib inhibit? | ['The association between Hh activation status and tumor response to the Hh pathway inhibitor sonidegib (LDE225) was analyzed.', 'Distinct molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, including hedgehog (Hh) pathway-activated disease, have been reported. ', 'We assessed the antitumour activity of sonidegib, a Hedgehog signa... | ['Sonidegib is a Hedghog signalling pathway inhibitor.'] | ['Hedghog signalling pathway'] |
Which library is used for fixed-length approximate string matching? | ['libFLASM: a software library for fixed-length approximate string matching.', 'We present and make available libFLASM, a free open-source C++ software library for solving fixed-length approximate string matching under both the edit and the Hamming distance models. Moreover we describe how fixed-length approximate stri... | ['libFLASM is a free open-source C++ software library for solving fixed-length approximate string matching under both the edit and the Hamming distance models.'] | ['libFLASM'] |
Which are the cardiac manifestations of Marfan syndrome? | ['Cardiac manifestations of Marfan syndrome include aortic root dilation and mitral valve prolapse (MVP).', 'Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue. Aortic root dilation is a main criterion of the Ghent Nosology. Dural ectasia and the presence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) contribute to i... | ['Cardiac manifestations of Marfan syndrome include aortic root dilation,aortic regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse and mitral valve regurgitation.'] | ['aortic root dilation', 'mitral valve prolapse', 'aortic regurgitation', 'mitral valve regurgitation'] |
What are Septins? | ['discover that septins, a component of the cytoskeleton, recognize membrane curvature at the micron scale, a common morphological hallmark of eukaryotic cellular processes.', 'Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis... | ['Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. In yeast, septins assemble into a highly ordered array of filaments at the mother bud neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Sep... | [] |
What is the catalytic mechanism of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferases? | ['All DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases contain a single conserved cysteine. It has been proposed that this cysteine initiates catalysis by attacking the C6 of cytosine and thereby activating the normally inert C5 position.', 'Kinetic and catalytic mechanism of HhaI methyltransferase.', 'Kinetic and catalytic propert... | ['The catalytic mechanism of the DNA (Cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase involves nucleophilic attack of the C6 of the substrate cytosine by the single conserved cysteine of the enzyme, followed by C5 nucleophilic replacement of the methyl group of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) to produce 5-methyl-6-Cys-81-... | [] |
Which human disease is associated with mutated UBQLN2 | ['Finally, we found that mutations in UBQLN2, which lead to neurodegeneration in humans, are defective in chaperone binding, impair aggregate clearance, and cause cognitive deficits in mice.', 'UBQLN2 mutations are detected in ALS cases.', 'C9ORF72 and UBQLN2 mutations are causes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New... | ['Ggene mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).'] | ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis'] |
What is the role of 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives in the immune system? | ['3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties.', 'Members of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2, and IRAP) play important roles in both the adaptive and innate human immune responses. Their enzymatic ac... | ['3,4-diaminobenzoic acid derivatives are inhibitors of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties. Cell-based analysis indicated that the lead compounds can be effective in downregulating macrophage activation induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ as well as cross-presen... | ['Inhibition of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases with immune-regulating properties.'] |
What are the SINEUPs? | ['SINEUPs: A new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation', 'In this review, we will detail the discovery of a new functional class of natural and synthetic antisense lncRNAs that stimulate translation of sense mRNAs. These molecules have been named SINEUPs since their fun... | ['SINEUPs represent a new class of natural and synthetic antisense long non-coding RNAs that activate translation. These molecules have been named SINEUPs since their function requires the activity of an embedded inverted SINEB2 sequence to UP-regulate translation. Natural SINEUPs suggest that embedded Transposable Ele... | [] |
Name monoclonal antibody against SLAMF7. | ['BACKGROUND: Elotuzumab, an immunostimulatory monoclonal antibody targeting signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7), showed activity in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in a phase 1b-2 study in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.', 'Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal a... | ['Elotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-F7 (SLAMF7, also known as CS1, CD319, or CRACC) that enhances natural killer cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of SLAMF7-expressing myeloma cells.'] | ['signaling lymphocytic activation molecule-F7'] |
Which are the clinical characteristics of Diamond-Blackfan anemia? | ['The results indicated that out of 45 children diagnosed as DBA, 14 cases (31.1%) had short stature and physical malformation. All patients had anemia with reticulocytopenia. Thirty-four patients (75.6%) had mean corpuscular volume. Eleven patients (24.4%) had macrocytic anemia. Bone marrow examination showed a marked... | ['Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare congenital erythroid hypoplastic anemia that usually presents early in infancy and is characterized by red cell aplasia, congenital anomalies, and a predisposition to cancer.'] | ['Red cell aplasia', 'Congenital anomalies', 'Predisposition to cancer'] |
Which are the mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Yki? | ['Yorkie ortholog YAP', 'Yorkie ortholog, Yap1', 'human ortholog of Yorkie, YAP', 'YAP1, the ortholog of Drosophila Yorkie', 'Yorkie ortholog YAP', ' Yorkie homolog YAP', 'Yki (YAP/TAZ in vertebrates'] | ['There are two mammalian orthologs of Yki: YAP and TAZ'] | ['YAP', 'TAZ'] |
Treprostinil is an analogue for which prostaglandin? | ['We investigated the effects of 3 conventional (iloprost, beraprost, and treprostinil) and 1 new (ONO-1301) PGI2 analogs, on the expression of MIP-1α expression in human monocytes.', 'PGI(2) analogues (iloprost, treprostinil and beraprost) significantly increased IL-17A and IL-22 in vitro while decreasing IFNγ product... | ['Treprostinil is a prostaglandin I(2) (PGI(2)) analog.'] | ['Prostaglandin I(2)'] |
Is there any tool that facilitates the functional analysis of cis-regulatory regions in zebrafish? | ['Zebrafish enhancer detection (ZED) vector: a new tool to facilitate transgenesis and the functional analysis of cis-regulatory regions in zebrafish.', 'he cis-regulatory sequences control when, where, and how much genes are transcribed and can activate (enhancers) or repress (silencers) gene expression. Here, we desc... | ['Yes. The zebrafish enhancer detection (ZED) vector is a tool that facilitates transgenesis and the functional analysis of cis-regulatory regions in zebrafish.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the role of the histidine rich calcium binding protein (HRC) in cardiomyopathy? | ['The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is a Ca-storage protein in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recent transgenic studies revealed that this protein inhibits the maximal rates of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-transport, leading to cardiac dysfunction. In view of the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-cycling in myo... | ['The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC), a 165 kDa sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein, regulates SR Ca cycling during excitation–contraction coupling. HRC mutations or polymorphisms lead to cardiac dysfunction. The Ser96Ala genetic variant of HRC is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and ... | [] |
Is Cryptococcus neoformans a frequent cause of isolated skin infections in immunocompromised individuals | [' Cryptococcus is an opportunistic yeast with a worldwide distribution that primarily causes significant infections in immunocompromised individuals, generally by affecting the respiratory tract. But primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) without systemic infection is rare. ', 'Cryptococcus is a ubiquitous fungus and ... | ['Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis (PCC) without systemic infection is rare.'] | ['no'] |
What are assassin bugs? | ['The complete mitochondrial genome of an assassin bug Peirates arcuatus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).', 'First complete mitochondrial genome sequence from the tribelocephaline assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae).', 'The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Opistoplatys sp. was determined, which was the first rep... | ['The family Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), or assassin bugs, is among the most diverse families of the true bugs, with more than 6,000 species.'] | [] |
What is the role of thyroid hormone in Stem cell differentiation? | ['During T3-dependent amphibian metamorphosis, the digestive tract is extensively remodeled from the larval to the adult form for the adaptation of the amphibian from its aquatic herbivorous lifestyle to that of a terrestrial carnivorous frog. This involves de novo formation of ASCs that requires T3 signaling in both t... | ['Thyroid hormone treatment of Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes attenuates the fetal gene expression and induces differentiation. Liganded T3 receptor (TR) regulates cell autonomous formation of adult intestinal progenitor cells and that T3 action in the connective tissue is important for the ... | [] |
Are alterations in ultraconserved elements implicated in breast cancer? | ['SNPs in ultraconserved elements and familial breast cancer risk', ' In the present study, we investigated the influence of six SNPs within UCEs on familial breast cancer risk. Two out of six SNPs showed an association with familial breast cancer risk', 'This is the first study indicating that SNPs in UCEs might be as... | ['Yes. SNPs in ultraconserved elements (UCEs) might be associated with cancer risk.'] | ['yes'] |
Is Thalidomide currently a marketed drug? | ['In this retrospective study, pharmacy claims were analyzed for those patients with a diagnosis of MM who received thalidomide,', 'The Japanese POEMS syndrome with Thalidomide (J-POST) Trial is a phase II/III multicentre, double-blinded, randomised, controlled trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 2... | ['Several mechanisms for the teratogenic action of thalidomide are currently under review, but this mode of action of the drug still remains unclear and we review evidence-based hypotheses for the teratogenicity of thalidomide. Thalidomide is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of ENL, but for other conditi... | ['yes'] |
Does nifedipine inhibit L-type calcium channels? | ['Nifedipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the expression of synaptogamin and syntaxin and blocked the suppressive effect of vecuronium, suggesting that both agents inhibit presynaptic L-type calcium channels.', 'Treatment with nifedipine to inhibit calcium influx via the L-type channel Cav1.2 (alpha(1C))... | ['Yes, nifedipine is a typical blocker of L-type calcium channels.'] | ['yes'] |
Have thyronamines effects on fat tissue? | ['Intraperitoneal or central injection of 3-T(1)AM or T(0)AM into mice, rats, or Djungarian hamsters caused various prompt effects, such as metabolic depression, hypothermia, negative chronotropy, negative inotropy, hyperglycemia, reduction of the respiratory quotient, ketonuria, and reduction of fat mass. '] | ['thyronamines cause reduction of fat mass'] | ['yes'] |
What are the exonic splice enhancers? | ['In humans, much of the information specifying splice sites is not at the splice site. Exonic splice enhancers are one of the principle non-splice site motifs. Four high-throughput studies have provided a compendium of motifs that function as exonic splice enhancers, but only one, RESCUE-ESE, has been generally employ... | ["In mammals there is a bias in amino acid usage near splice sites that is explained, in large part, by the high density of exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in these regions. Exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) activate pre-mRNA splicing by promoting the use of the flanking splice sites. Some of these variants may have an... | [] |
In what proportion of children with heart failure has Enalapril been shown to be safe and effective? | ['The responses to IV KCl were attenuated by concomitant furosemide (p\xa0=\xa00.01), amphotericin B (p\xa0<\xa00.01), and KCl in parenteral nutrition (p\xa0<\xa00.01). The responses were augmented by concomitant enalapril', 'To determine whether an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril, prevents car... | ['In children with heart failure evidence of the effect of enalapril is empirical. Enalapril was clinically safe and effective in 50% to 80% of for children with cardiac failure secondary to congenital heart malformations before and after cardiac surgery, impaired ventricular function , valvar regurgitation, congesti... | ['50% to 80%'] |
Is shotgun lipidomics the direct infusion of a lipid sample into a mass spectrometer? | ['In direct infusion/injection (or shotgun) lipidomics', 'An efficient shotgun lipidomics strategy was established and optimized for fast phospholipid profiling of viscera from three fish species: Lateolabrax japonicas, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, and Carassius auratus. This strategy relies on direct infusion of total li... | ['Yes, shotgun lipidomics relies on direct infusion of total lipid extracts into a high-resolution tandem mass spectrometer.'] | ['yes'] |
How does dabigatran therapy affect aPTT in patients with atrial fibrillation? | ['He had been started on dabigatran 150\u2009mg twice a day about 4 months ago as an outpatient by his cardiologist. His prothrombin time (PT) was 63 seconds with international normalized ratio (INR) of 8.8 and his activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was 105.7 seconds. ', 'The aPTT assay is relatively insensit... | ['Dabigatran increases aPTT in patients with atrial fibrillation, although aPTT does not respond linearily to dabigatran therapy.'] | [] |
Do mutations of AKT1 occur in meningiomas? | ['The recent identification of somatic mutations in components of the SHH-GLI1 and AKT1-MTOR signaling pathways indicates the potential for cross talk of these pathways in the development of meningiomas.', 'A mutation in PIK3CA or AKT1 was found in around 9 % of the cases.', 'AKT1E17K mutations cluster with meningothel... | ['Yes, AKT1 mutation occurs in meningiomas.'] | ['yes'] |
How is primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) caused? | ['Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder of unknown etiology characterized by diffuse or localized dilation and eventual rupture of the enteric lymphatic vessels in mucosa, submucosa, and/or subserosa. Lymph, rich in all kinds of proteins and lymphocytes, leaks into the gastrointestinal tract via ... | ['Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse or localized dilation and eventual rupture of the enteric lymphatic vessels in mucosa, submucosa, and/or subserosa. Lymph, rich in all kinds of proteins and lymphocytes, leaks into the gastrointestinal tract via the affected lymphat... | [] |
Is osteocrin expressed exclusively in the bone? | ['Evolution of Osteocrin as an activity-regulated factor in the primate brain.', 'Here we use transcriptional profiling of human fetal brain cultures to identify an activity-dependent secreted factor, Osteocrin (OSTN), that is induced by membrane depolarization of human but not mouse neurons.', 'Osteocrin (Ostn) is a r... | ['No, Osteocrin (Ostn) has been detected in the bones and the brain.'] | ['no'] |
List programs suitable for protein docking | ['We present CSBB-ConeExclusion, a methodology and computer program which provides a measure of the applicability of solution dockings to solid support', 'The structure of the α1I-peptide complex was investigated using data from NMR, small angle x-ray scattering, and size exclusion chromatography that were used to gene... | ['Macromolecular docking is the computational modelling of the quaternary structure of complexes formed by two or more interacting biological macromolecules. Protein–protein complexes are the most commonly attempted targets of such modelling, followed by protein–nucleic acid complexes.\nThe ultimate goal of docking is ... | ['CSBB-ConeExclusion', 'HADDOCK', 'ZDOCK', 'GalaxyDock', 'PHASE', 'DockRank', 'HotLig', 'SOL', 'AutodockVina', 'DockoMatic', 'DockTrina', 'CAVITY', 'LiGenDock', 'DOCK', 'DISCORE'] |
What are the treatments of choice for GIST (gastrointestinal stromal tumor)? | ['Traditionally, the treatment of choice for primary disease is surgical resection', 'no single surgeon or institution gets extensive exposure to these patients so appropriate decision-making is difficult, particularly since the introduction of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which has become an important addit... | ['The surgical resection is a treatment of choice for gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It has been shown that adequate surgical resection correlates with high 5-years survival rates for patients with gastric GIST. When they are localized, the treatment of choice is surgical excision, but advanced tumors have a limited... | [] |
Is there any role for long noncoding RNAs in adipogenesis? | ['Long noncoding RNAs regulate adipogenesis.', 'Here we profiled the transcriptome of primary brown and white adipocytes, preadipocytes, and cultured adipocytes and identified 175 lncRNAs that are specifically regulated during adipogenesis. Many lncRNAs are adipose-enriched, strongly induced during adipogenesis, and bo... | ['Yes. Many lncRNAs are adipose-enriched, strongly induced during adipogenesis, and bound at their promoters by key transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (CEBPα). RNAi-mediated loss of function screens identified functional lncRNAs with v... | ['yes'] |
Name a method for enrichment of arginine-methylated peptides. | ['To better study protein methylation, we have developed highly specific antibodies against monomethyl arginine; asymmetric dimethyl arginine; and monomethyl, dimethyl, and trimethyl lysine motifs. These antibodies were used to perform immunoaffinity purification of methyl peptides followed by LC-MS/MS analysis to iden... | ['Immunoaffinity purification using specific antibodies has been used in order to perform enrichment of methylated peptides.'] | ['Immunoaffinity purification'] |
List tele monitoring applications of miniaturised sensors | ['Home-polysomnography (HPSG) has been proposed as a cost-effective alternative for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis. We assessed, in a feasibility study, whether telematic transmission using the Dream® and Sleepbox® technologies was associated with low HPSG failure rate', ' In this study, we monitored remotely ... | ['Home-polysomnography (HPSG)\nBody weight\nBlood pressure control\nHeart failure control\nVital signs - disaster relief, dangerous outdoor sports and adventure monitoring, and antiterrorism activities.\nTelemetric fetal home monitoring system for recording the trans-abdominal fetal heart signal and the uterine contrac... | ['Sleep monitoring', 'Body weight', 'Blood pressure control', 'Heart failure control', 'vital signs', 'fetal heart signal', 'uterine contractions', 'Electrocardiograms', 'ECG', 'Temperature', 'Oxygen saturation', 'SaO2', 'breath rate', 'Step-counting', 'Falls detector'] |
What is known about the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome? | ['The Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome: a novel role in preserving genetic stability by regulating DNA mismatch repair', 'Ku70-binding protein 5 (Kub5)-Hera (K-H)/RPRD1B maintains genetic integrity by concomitantly minimizing persistent R-loops and promoting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs)', 'The Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B... | ['Ku70-binding protein 5 (Kub5)-Hera (K-H)/RPRD1B maintains genetic integrity by concomitantly minimizing persistent R-loops and promoting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Thus, the Kub5-Hera/RPRD1B interactome plays a novel role in preserving genetic stability by regulating DNA mismatch repair.'] | [] |
What is BioASQ? | ['BIOASQ helped obtain a unified view of how techniques from text classification, semantic indexing, document and passage retrieval, question answering, and text summarization can be combined to allow biomedical experts to obtain concise, user-understandable answers to questions reflecting their real information needs.... | ['BIOASQ assesses the ability of systems to semantically index very large numbers of biomedical scientific articles, and to return concise and user-understandable answers to given natural language questions by combining information from biomedical articles and ontologies. ', 'The BioASQ challenge is a competition on la... | [] |
What is the definition of autophagy? | ['autophagy, a process in which de novo formed membrane enclosed vesicles engulf and consume cellular components', 'As a general definition, autophagy encompasses a range of processes in which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosome (or the analogous organelle, the vacuole, in yeast and plants), followed ... | ['There are several definitions of autophagy. Among them, autophagy can be defined as a non- apoptotic programmed cell death that consists on a catabolic trafficking pathway for bulk destruction and turnover of long-lived proteins and organelles via regulated lysosomal degradation.'] | [] |
Which cells secretes alpha defensin 5? | ['The major tissue in which HD5 is expressed is the crypt of the small intestine, an anaerobic niche that should allow for substantial pools of both oxidized and (partly) reduced HD5. ', 'Human α-defensin 5 (HD5) exhibits broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the small... | ['Human enteric α-defensins (HD5 and HD6), major antimicrobial peptides produced by Paneth cells in the intestine, play important roles in intestinal innate immunity.'] | ['Intestinal Paneth cells secretes alpha-defensin 5'] |
Which thyroid hormone transporter is implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome? | ['Hemizygous MCT8 mutations in males cause severe psychomotor retardation, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), and abnormal serum TH levels. AHDS thus represents a type of TH resistance caused by a defect in cellular TH transport.', 'Novel mutation in MCT8 gene in a Brazilian boy with thyroid hormone res... | ['thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 is implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome', 'Hemizygous MCT8 mutations cuases TH resistance syndrome in males characterized by severe psychomotor retardation, known as the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS).'] | ['monocarboxylate transporter 8', 'TH monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) mutation is implicated in the TH resistance syndrome', 'MCT8'] |
Describe Exploding head syndrome. | ['Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of loud noises during sleep-wake or wake-sleep transitions.', 'Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of abrupt, loud noises when going to sleep or waking up.', 'BACKGROUND: Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is characterized by attacks of a su... | ['Exploding head syndrome is characterized by the perception of abrupt, loud noises when going to sleep or waking up.'] | [] |
What are the functions of sorting nexin 27? | ['Knockdown of SNX27 by siRNA in HEK293 cells raised MRP4 expression on the plasma membrane, increased the extrusion of 6-[(14)C]mercaptopurine, an MRP4 substrate, and conferred resistance against 6-[(14)C]mercaptopurine.', 'Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) is a 62-kDa protein localized to early endosomes and known to regulate... | ['Sorting nexin 27 (SNX27) regulates endocytic sorting/recycling and intracellular trafficking of ion channels and receptors.'] | [] |
What is the effect of SAHA treatment in Huntington's disease? | ["Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, ameliorates motor deficits in a mouse model of Huntington's disease", 'To further explore the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibitors, we have conducted preclinical trials with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a potent HDAC inhibitor, in the R6... | ['Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects dopaminergic neurons from neurotoxin-induced damage. SAHA is predominantly an inhibitor of class I HDACs. However, it can also bind to class IIa HDACs and has been shown to degrade class IIa HDACs at the protein level in vitro. The neur... | [] |
Which is the mechanism used by bacteria to induce tumors in Arabidopsis? | ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown gall disease in a wide range of plant species. The neoplastic growth at the infection sites is caused by transferring, integrating, and expressing transfer DNA (T-DNA) from A. tumefaciens into plant cells', ' gall tumors develop after integration of the T-DNA of virulent Agrobac... | ['The bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects Arabidopsis, as well as other plants, and induces the formation of tumors by integrating the transferred-DNA (T-DNA) region of the Ti-plasmid into the plant nuclear genome.'] | [] |
What is the RESID database? | ['The RESID Database of Protein Modifications as a resource and annotation tool.', 'The RESID Database of Protein Modifications is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein modifications and cross-links including pre-, co-, and post-translational modifications', 'The RESID Database is a compr... | ['The RESID Database of Protein Modifications is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein modifications and cross-links including pre-, co-, and post-translational modifications'] | ['The RESID Database of Protein Modifications is a comprehensive collection of annotations and structures for protein modifications and cross-links including pre-, co-, and post-translational modifications'] |
For what indications is thalidomide currently marketed? | ['In this retrospective study, pharmacy claims were analyzed for those patients with a diagnosis of MM who received thalidomide, lenalidomide, or pomalidomide from a large specialty pharmacy in the US between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2013.', 'Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin cha... | ['Drug repositioning, exemplified by sildenafil and thalidomide, is a promising way to explore alternative indications for existing drugs. THE USE OF A DRUG WITH A TEMPORARY MARKETING AUTHORISATION: Thalidomide is currently available in France for nominative or cohort use with a temporary marketing authorisation (TMA).... | ['Multiple myeloma', 'polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M-protein and skin changes', 'POEMS', 'Irritable Bowels Syndrome ', 'IBS'] |
What is the biological role of SERCA2 SUMOylation in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, such as in heart failure? | ['SERCA2a activity can be regulated at multiple levels of a signaling cascade comprised of phospholamban, protein phosphatase 1, inhibitor-1, and PKCα. SERCA2 activity is also regulated by post-translational modifications including SUMOylation and acetylation.', 'The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can be conju... | ['Recently, the impact of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO-1) on the regulation and preservation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA2a) function was discovered. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can be conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins, and is involved in m... | [] |
Is there evidence for de novo genesis of enhancers in vertebrates? | ['De novo genesis of enhancers in vertebrates.', 'Evolutionary innovation relies partially on changes in gene regulation. While a growing body of evidence demonstrates that such innovation is generated by functional changes or translocation of regulatory elements via mobile genetic elements, the de novo generation of e... | ['Yes.'] | ['yes'] |
What genetic alterations are commonly associated with Diffuse Midline Gliomas, aside from IDH1 mutation and EGFR amplification, and often linked to p53 overexpression, ATRX loss, and monosomy 10? | [' transgenes are sufficient to reduce the amounts of H3K27me3 in vitro and in vivo.", "In contrast, thalamic gliomas with wild-type H3F3A had DNA methylation profiles similar to those of hemispheric glioblastomas.CONCLUSION: We found that high-grade thalamic gliomas from young adults, like those from children and adol... | The H3.3 K27M mutation is commonly associated with Diffuse Midline Gliomas, aside from IDH1 mutation and EGFR amplification, and often linked to p53 overexpression, ATRX loss, and monosomy 10. | [] |
Which proteins are involved in actin bundling and filopodia formation and function? | ['CRP1, a protein localized in filopodia of growth cones, is involved in dendritic growth', 'CRP1, which cross-links actin filaments to make actin bundles, is the only CRP family member expressed in the CNS with little known about its function in nerve cells.', 'Here, we report that CRP1 colocalizes with actin in the f... | ['A number of proteins have been found to regulate F-actin bundling and enhance filopodia formation and motility. Among these are Cysteine-rich protein 1 (CRP1), Fascin, Macrophage actin-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein (MAYP/PSTPIP2), Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53 (IRSp53), Missing in metast... | ['Cysteine-rich protein 1 (CRP1)', 'Fascin', 'Macrophage actin-associated tyrosine phosphorylated protein (MAYP/PSTPIP2)', 'Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate p53 (IRSp53)', 'Missing in metastasis protein (MIM)', 'Eps8', 'Diaphanous-related formin (dDia2)', 'Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP)'] |
Is ABCE1 involved in ribosomal recycling? | ['Ribosome recycling orchestrated by the ATP binding cassette (ABC) protein ABCE1 can be considered as the final-or the first-step within the cyclic process of protein synthesis, connecting translation termination and mRNA surveillance with re-initiation.', ' Recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recycling... | ['Yes, recent studies have identified ABCE1 as a ribosome-recycling factor important for translation termination in mammalian cells, yeast and also archaea'] | ['yes'] |
How does adrenergic signaling affect thyroid hormone receptors? | ['PE, in the absence of T3, resulted in 5.0 fold increase in TRalpha1 expression in nucleus and 2.0 fold decrease in TRalpha1 expression in cytosol, P<0.05.', 'nuclear TRalpha1 is overexpressed after prolonged activation of the alpha1- adrenergic signalling by PE. This response seems to be an ERK kinase dependent proce... | ['alpha1- adrenergic signalling increases TRalpha1 expression in nucleus and decreases TRalpha1 expression in cytosol.'] | [] |
What is the association between number of pregnancies and rheumatoid arthritis | ['In this unique population, greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA;', 'an early age at first birth increased the odds, and the postpartum period was confirmed as high risk for RA onset. The protective effect of repeated exposure to the ameliorating hormonal and immunological changes of pregnancy may count... | ['Greater parity significantly reduced the odds of RA. A larger number of pregnancies and late menopause show a protective effect, delaying the onset of the disease.'] | [] |
Can valproic acid act as an activator of AMPK? | ['Here we demonstrate that VPA is a novel activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator of cellular metabolism, using primary mouse and human hepatocytes.', 'These studies are the first to establish VPA and its metabolites as in vitro activators of AMPK.'] | ['Yes, valproic acid canact as an activator of AMPK.', 'VPA is a novel activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)'] | ['yes'] |
What is the characteristic feature of the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. | ['Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome is a rare condition characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, calvarial thickening, skull and facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiparesis, cognitive impairment and seizures.', 'Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome refers to atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere (hemiatrophy) due to an insult to the b... | ['Cerebral hemiatrophy (atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere) is the characteristic feature of the Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome. It develops due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. Calvarial thickening, skull and facial asymmetry, contralateral hemiparesis, cognitive impairment and seizures are... | ['cerebral hemiatrophy'] |
What genes are associated with mutations that result in the tuberous sclerosis complex phenotype? | ['["The genetic basis of this disease has been attributed to mutations in one of two unlinked genes, TSC1 and TSC2.", "The functions of the TSC1 and TSC2 gene products, hamartin and tuberin, respectively, have remained ill defined until recently", "Genetic, biochemical, and biologic analyses have highlighted their role... | TSC1 and TSC2 genes are associated with mutations that result in the tuberous sclerosis complex phenotype. | [] |
Which gene is associated with the Mitchell-Riley syndrome? | ['Mutations in rfx6 were recently associated with Mitchell-Riley syndrome, which involves neonatal diabetes, and other digestive system defects. ', 'bi-allelic mutations in the transcription factor RFX6 were described as the cause of a rare condition characterized by neonatal diabetes with pancreatic and biliary hypopl... | ['Mutations in the gene coding for the transcription factor RFX6 (regulatory factor X,6) have been described as the cause of the Mitchell-Riley syndrome.'] | ['RFX6'] |
What is the basis of the methodology of "functional class scoring" (FCS) for the analysis of gene expression data? | ['The second method, "functional class scoring" (FCS), examines the statistical distribution of individual gene scores among all genes in the gene ontology class and does not involve an initial gene selection step.', 'We aimed at examining such discrepancies on the level of apparently affected biologically related grou... | ['The second method, "functional class scoring" (FCS), examines the statistical distribution of individual gene scores among all genes in the gene ontology class and does not involve an initial gene selection step.', 'Functional class scoring (FCS), examines the statistical distribution of individual gene scores among ... | [] |
What is GDF10? | ['We have identified a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, growth/differentiation factor-10 (GDF-10), which is highly related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3). The nucleotide sequence of GDF-10 encodes a predicted protein of 476 amino acids with a molecular weight of approxi... | ['The growth/differentiation factor-10 (GDF-10) is a new member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily. It is highly related to bone morphogenetic protein-3 (BMP-3) and often referred to as BMP3b. The nucleotide sequence of GDF-10 encodes a predicted protein of 476 amino acids with a molecular we... | [] |
What is Achondroplasia? | ['Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism.', 'Physical basis behind achondroplasia, the most common form of human dwarfism', 'Achondroplasia is the best described and most common form of the congenital short-limbed dwarfing conditions. '] | ['Achondrogenesis type II also known as Achondroplasia is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism', 'Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwarfism. ', 'Achondrogenesis type II is an autosomal-dominant disease leading to severe micromelic dwa... | ['An autosomal dominant form of dwarfism'] |
Which transcription factor is considered as a master regulator of lysosomal genes? | ['In this paper, we identify a novel role for Rags in controlling activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of autophagic and lysosomal gene expression', 'Interaction of TFEB with active Rag heterodimers promoted recruitment of TFEB to lysosomes, leading to mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation and in... | ['Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, driving lysosome adaptation to environmental cues, such as starvation, and therefore targeting of TFEB may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for modulating lysosomal function in human disease.'] | ['Transcription factor EB (TFEB)'] |
Which is the main function of "RNA sponges"? | ['Pseudogene OCT4-pg4 functions as a natural micro RNA sponge to regulate OCT4 expression by competing for miR-145 in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Mechanistic analysis revealed that OCT4-pg4 functions as a natural micro RNA sponge to protect OCT4 transcript from being inhibited by miR-145.', 'Natural RNA circles functio... | ['Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Recently, miRNA activity has been shown to be affected by the presence of miRNA sponge transcripts, the so-called competing endogenous RNA in humans and target mimicry in plants.', 'Recently, miRNA activity has been shown to be affected by the presence of mi... | [] |
List five applications of machine learning algorithms in medical diagnosis. | ['The ability to differentiate between brain tumor progression and radiation therapy induced necrosis is critical for appropriate patient management. I', 'Experimental results on public leukemia, prostate, and colon cancer datasets show that fuzzy support vector machine applied in combination with filter or wrapper fea... | ["Machine learning technology is well suited for the induction of diagnostic and prognostic rules and solving of small and specialized diagnostic and prognostic problems. The medical diagnostic knowledge can be automatically derived from the description of cases solved in the past. In several medical domains we actuall... | ['Brain glioma progression', 'Microarray classification', 'Mass spectral proteomics', 'Lymph disease classification', "Parkinson's disease"] |
Are genes symmetrically distributed between leading and lagging DNA strand in bacteria? | ['Genomic DNA is used as the template for both replication and transcription, whose machineries may collide and result in mutagenesis, among other damages. Because head-on collisions are more deleterious than codirectional collisions, genes should be preferentially encoded on the leading strand to avoid head-on collisi... | ['In most bacteria, genes are preferentially encoded on the leading strand than on the lagging strand. This avoids the potentially detrimental head-on collisions that occur between the replication and transcription machineries when genes are encoded on the lagging strand. Head-on collisions are more deleterious than co... | ['no'] |
Is Calcium homeostasis important in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology? | ['Maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis is critical to regulating mitochondrial ATP production and cardiac contraction. ', 'the Ca(2+) signal regulates the most important activities of the cell, from the expression of genes, to heart and muscle contraction and other motility processes, to diverse metabolic pathwa... | ['Calcium homeostasis is very important in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Maintenance of cellular calcium homeostasis is critical to regulating cardiac contraction. Abnormalities in calcium homeostasis underlie cardiac arrhythmia, contractile dysfunction and cardiac remodelling.'] | ['yes'] |
Is there a relationship between B cells and Multiple Sclerosis? | ['These results suggest that RRMS patients with radiological phenotypes showing high neurodegeneration have changes in B cells characterized by down-regulation of B-cell-specific genes and increased activation status', 'Although the exact etiology is still obscure, the leading hypothesis behind MS relapses is acute inf... | ['MS patients with high neurodegeneration have changes in B cells characterized by down-regulation of B-cell-specific genes and increased activation status'] | ['yes'] |
Which syndromes are associated with mutations in the EZH2 gene? | ['Loss-of-function mutations of EZH2, a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are observed in ~\\n10% of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), but are rare in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)', 'We describe the use of an oligo-SNP array for genomic profiling of aCNA and cnLOH, together with ... | ['EZH2 mutations that cause Weaver syndrome are primarily missense variants and the rare truncating mutations reported to date are in the last exon, suggesting that simple haploinsufficiency is unlikely to be generating the overgrowth phenotype although the exact mechanism has not yet been determined. Recent studies ha... | ['myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)', 'Acquired aplastic anemia (AA)', 'Weaver syndrome', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)', 'myeloid leukaemia'] |
What is the treatment of Riedel disease (thyroiditis)? | ['IFT often is associated with a systemic extracervical fibrotic process and tobacco use. Attempted thyroid resection often results in postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up showed no deaths fro', "Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis is a rare disorder of unknown origin with progressive extension and invasi... | ['Riedel thyroiditis is a rare disorder related to a systemic extracervical fibrotic process of unknown origin. The tratment of choice is the surgical treatment: Corticosteroids may be also useful'] | [] |
Which disease is treated with taliglucerase alfa? | ['Enzyme replacement therapy with taliglucerase alfa: 36-month safety and efficacy results in adult patients with Gaucher disease previously treated with imiglucerase.', 'Taliglucerase alfa is the first available plant cell-expressed human recombinant therapeutic protein. It is indicated for treatment of patients with ... | ['Taliglucerase alfa, the first available plant cell-expressed recombinant therapeutic protein, is an enzyme replacement therapy approved for Gaucher disease.'] | ['Gaucher disease'] |
Mutation of which gene is implicated in the Christianson syndrome? | ['X-linked Christianson syndrome: heterozygous female Slc9a6 knockout mice develop mosaic neuropathological changes and related behavioral abnormalities.', 'CS is caused by mutations in the SLC9A6 gene, which encodes a multipass transmembrane sodium (potassium)-hydrogen exchanger 6 (NHE6) protein, functional in early r... | ['Christianson syndrome is caused by mutations in SLC9A6 and is characterized by severe intellectual disability, absent speech, microcephaly, ataxia, seizures, and behavioral abnormalities.'] | ['SLC9A6'] |
What is the role of AMPK in diabetic cardiomyopathy? | ['We recently reported that diabetes depresses AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, inhibits MAPK8/JNK1-BCL2 signaling', 'Activation of AMPK directly phosphorylates MAPK8, which mediates BCL2 phosphorylation and subsequent BECN1-BCL2 dissociation, leading to restoration of cardiac autophagy, protection against... | ['AMPK activation protects cardiac structure and function by increasing cardiac autophagy in the diabetic heart. Decreased AMPK activity and the subsequent reduction in cardiac autophagy are central to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In fact, dissociation of Bcl-2 from Beclin1 may be an important mechanis... | [] |
Is Melioidosis caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei? | ['Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis,', 'What drives the occurrence of the melioidosis bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in domestic gardens?', 'Landscape changes influence the occurrence of the melioidosis bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in soil in northern Australia.', 'Out of the gro... | ['Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis'] | ['yes'] |
Is paroxetine effective for treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder? | ['To evaluate the cost effectiveness of the four medications with a US FDA-approved indication for PMDD: fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine and drospirenone plus ethinyl estradiol (DRSP/EE).', 'All SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, and clomipramine) were effective in reducing premenstr... | ['Yes, paroxetine is effective and FDA approved treatment of women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A number of well designed clinical trials have confirmed efficacy and safety of both continuous or intermittent regiments of paroxetine for treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. A number of other antidepres... | ['yes'] |
What symptoms characterize the Muenke syndrome? | ['Muenke syndrome is characterized by coronal craniosynostosis (bilateral more often than unilateral), hearing loss, developmental delay, and carpal and/or tarsal bone coalition. Tarsal coalition is a distinct feature of Muenke syndrome and has been reported since the initial description of the disorder in the 1990s. '... | ['Muenke syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by coronal suture craniosynostosis, hearing loss, developmental delay, carpal and tarsal fusions, and the presence of the Pro250Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene. Muenke syndrome is characterized by coronal craniosynostosis (bilateral more often than unil... | [] |
Which JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis? | ['Tofacitinib: The First Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.', 'Tofacitinib is the first oral Janus kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of moderate to severe RA.', 'Preclinical to clinical translation of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, in rheumatoid arthritis.', 'The prec... | ['Tofacitinib (or CP690.550) is an oral JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitor that is approved for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Tofacitinib inhibits JAK family kinase members, in particular JAK1 and JAK3, achieving a broad limitation of inflammation by interfering with several cytokine receptors. Tofacitinib has also a pr... | ['tofacitinib'] |
How does hyperprolactinaemia related to prolactinoma increase the risk of osteoporosis? | ['Hyperprolactinaemia related to prolactinoma significantly (more than functional hyperprolactiaemia) increases the risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis and bone fractures.", "INTRODUCTION Osteopenia and osteoporosis because of hyperprolactinaemia caused by prolactinoma may be followed by an increased risk of fracture.", "... | Hyperprolactinaemia related to prolactinoma significantly increases the risk of osteopenia, osteoporosis, and bone fractures. Men with prolactinoma have a high prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Humans with prolactinoma are at risk for osteoporosis. The relative risk for developing osteoporosis in women with pr... | [] |
What is ectopia lentis? | ['bilateral lens dislocation', 'Clinical manifestations include mental retardation, dislocation of the optic lens (ectopia lentis)', 'Ectopia lentis is a genetically heterogeneous condition that is characterized by the subluxation of the lens resulting from the disruption of the zonular fibers. '] | ['Ectopia Lentis is dislocation of the optic lens in the eye.'] | [] |
Which is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes? | ['The most common cause of death was hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (30 %), followed by coronary artery anomalies (9 %), and myocarditis (9 %). ', 'The most common cause of this, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), is a genetic disorder responsible for more than a third of cases and is manageable.', 'HCM is the most common... | ['the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy'] | ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy'] |
Hy's law measures failure for what organ? | [" Hy's Law of drug-induced hepatocellular jaundice causing a case-fatality rate or need for transplant of 10% or higher has been validated in several large national registries, including the ongoing, prospective U.S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. ", "Enzyme elevations alone may not be harmful, but if caused by a ... | ["Hy's law correlates enzyme elevations with liver injury ad subsequent failure."] | ['liver'] |
Could Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) cause sudden cardiac death? | ['Here we refine our approach, and apply it to novel variants found in 2266 patients across two large cohorts with inherited sudden death syndromes, namely catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or Brugada syndrome (BrS).', 'Calsequestrin-associated catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachyc... | ['Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease that can cause sudden cardiac death.'] | ['yes'] |
What congenital anomalies are linked to Mowat-Wilson syndrome? | [' genitourinary anomalies (in particular hypospadias in males), congenital heart defects, agenesis of the corpus callosum and eye anomalies.", "Mowat-Wilson syndrome is a mental retardation-multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by a typical facies, developmental delay, epilepsy, and variable congenital ma... | Congenital anomalies linked to Mowat-Wilson syndrome include Hirschsprung disease, urogenital anomalies, congenital heart disease, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. | [] |
Which kinase is regulating stress granule biogenesis? | ["5'-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha regulates stress granule biogenesis", 'Multiple lines of evidence link AMPK activity to SG biogenesis. First, pharmacological kinase inhibition interfered with SG formation. Second, AMPK-α knockdown combined with in-depth quantitative SG analysis revealed isoform-specific changes... | ["5'-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha regulates stress granule biogenesis", "Multiple lines of evidence define the master metabolic regulator 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-alpha) as a novel component of stress granules (SGs) that also controls their biogenesis."] | [] |
Is it feasible to obtain DNA read lengths that exceed 30 Kb? | ['Single-molecule, real-time sequencing (SMRT) developed by Pacific BioSciences produces longer reads than secondary generation sequencing technologies such as Illumina. The long read length enables PacBio sequencing to close gaps in genome assembly, reveal structural variations, and identify gene isoforms with higher ... | ['The emergence and development of so called third generation sequencing platforms such as PacBio has permitted exceptionally long reads (over 20\u2009kb) to be generated but not yet read length >30 Kb.'] | ['no'] |
Why is lock mass used in Orbitrap measurements? | ['Benzyldimethylphenylammonium was used as an internal lock mass.', "To compensate for drifts in instrument calibration, a compound of known mass is often employed. This 'lock mass' provides an internal mass standard in every spectrum.", 'The use of mass calibrants (lock masses) to reduce the systematic error of mass-t... | ['The lock mass is a compound of known mass and is used to compensate for drifts in instrument calibration.'] | [] |
From which sequence does the Alu repeat originate from? | ['The origin of Alu-derived minisatellites appears to have been mediated by short flanking repeats, as first proposed by Haber and Louis', 'Finally, we propose that the origin of Alu subfamilies in human populations may be related to evolution of chromosome Y.', 'Our analysis indicates that about 60 Myr ago, before the... | ['The presence of Alu-like structural motifs supports the hypothesis of the monophyletic origin of Alu and B1 repeats, i.e., from a common 7SL RNA-derived retroposing monomeric element, The origin of Alu subfamilies in human populations may be related to evolution of chromosome Y.'] | ['7SL RNA'] |
What is the mode of inheritance of Acromicric dysplasia? | ['AD has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, distinct facial and skeleton features (a hoarse voice and internal notch of the femoral head).', 'Finally, WMS is transmitted either by an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance, GD by an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and AD by... | ['Acromicric dysplasia has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance'] | ['autosomal dominant'] |
What is MPE-seq? | ['MPE-seq, a new method for the genome-wide analysis of chromatin structure.', 'The analysis of chromatin structure is essential for the understanding of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. Here we describe methidiumpropyl-EDTA sequencing (MPE-seq), a method for the genome-wide characterization of chromatin that ... | ['MPE-seq (methidiumpropyl-EDTA sequencing) is a new method for the genome-wide characterization of chromatin that involves the digestion of nuclei with MPE-Fe(II) followed by massively parallel sequencing. Like micrococcal nuclease (MNase), MPE-Fe(II) preferentially cleaves the linker DNA between nucleosomes. However,... | [] |
The drug JTV519 is derivative of which group of chemical compounds? | ['In these conditions, JTV519 (K201), a 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative and multi-channel blocker, stabilizes RyR2s and decrease SR Ca²⁺ leak.', 'The 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative JTV519, and the more specific derivative S107 (2,3,4,5,-tetrahydro-7-methoxy-4-methyl-1,4-benzothiazepine), are thought to improve skeletal ... | ['The 1,4-benzothiazepine derivative JTV-519 is a new type of calcium ion channel modulator.JTV-519, which has potential use as an antiarrhythmic [285800]. The drug is a novel cardioprotectant derivative of 1,4-benzothiazepine for which phase I trials were completed in the third quarter of 1998', 'JTV519 (K201), is a 1... | ['1,4-benzothiazepine', 'benzothiazepine'] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.