question stringlengths 13 291 | contexts stringlengths 2 24.7k | ground_truth stringlengths 6 6.9k ⌀ | exact_answer stringlengths 2 710 |
|---|---|---|---|
Which SWI/SNF protein complex subunit has been demonstrated to interact with the FANCA gene product? | ['Fanconi anemia protein, FANCA, associates with BRG1, a component of the human SWI/SNF complex', 'We identified an interaction between the FA protein, FANCA and brm-related gene 1 (BRG1) product. BRG1 is a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, which remodels chromatin structure through a DNA-dependent ATPase activity', 'FAN... | ['The Fanconi anemia protein FANCA has been shown to interact with the brm-related gene 1 (BRG1) product. BRG1 is a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, which remodels chromatin structure through a DNA-dependent ATPase activity.', 'FANCA was demonstrated to associate with the endogenous SWI/SNF complexFANCA may recruit the ... | ['BRG1'] |
What is the synonym of the lubag disease? | ['IMPORTANCE: Despite recessive inheritance, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (Lubag disease) has also been described in women presenting with a late-onset isolated parkinsonian syndrome.', 'Anesthesia for deep brain stimulation in a patient with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism/Lubag disease.', 'Lubag disease is a genetic... | ['Lubag disease is also known as X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP). This disease is characterized by dystonia and parkinsonism, and afflicts Filipino men, and rarely, women originating principally from the Panay Island.'] | ['X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism'] |
Does helicobacter pylori infection increase risk for ischemic stroke? | ["Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be associated with many extragastrointestinal manifestations, such as hematological diseases [idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and unexplained iron deficiency anemia (IDA)], cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart diseases), neurological disorders (str... | ['Findings regarding association between helicobacter pylori infection and ischemic stroke risk are conflicting. There is evidence to suggest that helicobacter pylori infection is associated with increased risk for ischemic stroke and should be considered stroke risk factors. However, some studies reported no associati... | [] |
Mutations in which gene and which protein are associated with Netherton syndrome? | ['NS is due to loss-of-function mutations in the SPINK5 gene and to the consequent lack of expression of its encoded protein LEKTI in the skin and all stratified epithelial tissues.', 'Recently, we identified SPINK5, which encodes the serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 protein (LEKTI), as the defective gene in Neth... | ['NS is due to loss-of-function mutations in the SPINK5 gene and to the consequent lack of expression of its encoded protein LEKTI in the skin and all stratified epithelial tissues.'] | ['SPINK5 gene', 'LEKTI protein'] |
What is Prudent Diet? | ['Long-term diet was assessed by using FFQs every 4 y since 1986. Prudent (high in vegetables) and Western (high in meats) patterns were identified by using a principal component analysis.', 'The Prudent dietary pattern was characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grain products and low intakes of ref... | ['The Prudent dietary pattern is characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grain products and low intakes of refined grain products, legumes, fish, poultry. Generally recommendations are to use saturated/trans fat intake less than 10% of total calories and cholesterol less than 300 mg/day and/or fiber ... | [] |
Is dexamethasone recommended for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage? | ['Dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids should be avoided. ', 'During the third interim analysis, the death rate at the 21st day was identical in the two groups (dexamethasone vs. placebo, 21 of 46 vs. 21 of 47; chi-square = 0.01, P = 0.93). In contrast, the rate of complications (mostly infections and complications ... | ['No. Dexamethasone and other glucocorticoids should be avoided for treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage because they do not improve patient outcome and are associated with increased risk of side effects.'] | ['no'] |
Are CD44 variants (CD44v) associated with poor prognosis of metastasis? | ['CD44 variants and prognosis', 'The CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms have been noted as markers for tumour metastasis and prognosis in several adenocarcinomas.', 'Positive CD44v3 expression was associated with more advanced pathological stage and poorer prognosis than negative CD44v3 expression', 'CD44v6 expression in th... | ['Yes, several isoforms (obtained by by usage of ten variant exons in various combinations) have been causally related to metastasis.'] | ['yes'] |
Which enzyme is inhibited by a drug fostamatinib? | ['It outlines preclinical and early clinical experiences with the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (R788) and discusses various options for further clinical development of this compound. ', 'To assess the efficacy and safety of R788 (fostamatinib disodium), an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), in patients w... | ['Fostamatinib (R788) acts by inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. Fostamatinib (R788) is a prodrug rapidly converted to its active metabolite on oral administration. This (known as R406) is a potent inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase that is required for the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Fostamat... | ['spleen tyrosine kinase'] |
Is pesticide exposure associated with polyneuropathy? | ["As the syndrome occurred after the acute cholinergic syndrome but before organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy, the syndrome was called 'intermediate syndrome'.", 'The characteristic features of the IMS are weakness of the muscles of respiration (diaphragm, intercostal muscles and accessory muscles including... | ['Yes, it is associated with peripheral neuropathy.', "Yes, pesticide exposure is associated with delayed polyneuropathy. Electrophysiological studies have revealed three characteristic phenomena: (i) repetitive firing following a single stimulus; (ii) gradual reduction in twitch height or compound muscle action potent... | ['yes'] |
Is there a crystal structure of Greek Goat Encephalitis? | [] | ['Based on results no crustal structure of Greek Goat Encephalitis found.'] | ['no'] |
How are triple negative gliomas characterized? | ['According to IDH, TP53, and 1p19q status, four major subtypes of LGG are recorded: IDH+/p53-/1p19q-, IDH+/p53+/1p19q-, IDH+/p53-/1p19q+ and triple negative, this last subgroup having the worst prognosis.', 'Low-grade gliomas were accurately classified into four groups: group 1, IDH+/p53-/1p19q-; group 2, IDH+/p53-/1p... | ['of these markers - 1p/19q deletions , mgmt methylation status , and mutations in the idh1 gene - are so potent that a new brain tumor subtype , the "triple negative" glioma (1p/19q intact , mgmt unmethylated , idh1 non-mutated) has entered common parlance . ', 'According to IDH, TP53, and 1p19q status, four major sub... | [] |
What is the endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia known as Viliuisk encephalomyelitis? | ['["BACKGROUND: Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is an endemic neurological disease in Northeast Siberia and generally considered to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin actually spreading in the Sakha (Yakutian) Republic.", "Communicating hydrocephalus following eosinophilic meningitis is pathogenic for chr... | Viliuisk encephalomyelitis | [] |
What is known about the Digit Ratio (2D:4D) cancer? | ['RESULTS: Right 2D:4D was not associated with TGCT [odds ratio (OR) for a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in right-hand 2D:4D: 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.34]. The results were consistent when evaluating the association based on the left hand. The difference between right and left-hand 2D:4D was al... | ['Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with gastric cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 2D:4D was found to be higher in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients relative to controls. Among prostate cancer patients, 2D:4D s... | [] |
What is ISMARA? | ['ISMARA: automated modeling of genomic signals as a democracy of regulatory motifs.', 'We developed a methodology that models gene expression or chromatin modifications in terms of genome-wide predictions of regulatory sites and completely automated it into a web-based tool called ISMARA (Integrated System for Motif A... | ['ISMARA (Integrated System for Motif Activity Response Analysis) is a web-based tool that models gene expression or chromatin modifications in terms of genome-wide predictions of regulatory sites. Given only gene expression or chromatin state data across a set of samples as input, ISMARA identifies the key TFs and miR... | [] |
List processes which are under the control of the YAP protein. | ['in which YAP appears to regulate cell proliferation ', 'YAP and TAZ oncoproteins confer malignancy and drug resistance to various cancer types. ', 'Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator, is the major downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, which plays a critical role in organ size control and ca... | ['Yes-associated protein (YAP), a transcription coactivator, is the major downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, which plays a critical role in organ size control, cell poliferation and cancer development and tissue homeostasis and differentiation.'] | ['cell proliferation', 'organ size control', 'cancer development', 'tissue homeostasis', 'cell differentiation'] |
What is the role of invadopodia in EMT? | ['FHOD1, a poorly studied formin, appeared to be markedly upregulated upon EMT.', 'Furthermore, functional assays demonstrated that FHOD1 contributes to cell migration and invasion. Finally, FHOD1 depletion reduced the ability of EMT cancer cells to form invadopodia and to degrade extracellular matrix. Our results indi... | ['In a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), besides changing their adhesive repertoire, cancer cells employ developmental processes to gain migratory and invasive properties that involve a dramatic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the concomitant formation of membrane protrusions required for... | [] |
What is the major adverse effect of adriamycin(doxorubicin)? | ['It remains to be seen whether inhibition by adriamycin of these systems is related to the severe cardiotoxicity, the major adverse effect of the drug that limits its clinical usefulness.', 'Leukocytopenia was the major adverse effect among patients undergoing systemic THP administration', 'The major adverse effect wa... | ['Cardiac toxicity is a major adverse effect caused by doxorubicin (DOX) therapy ', 'Cardiac toxicity is a major adverse effect caused by doxorubicin (DOX) therapy. In spite of the routine use of this drug its major adverse effect, the dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, cannot be prevented yet. Cardiotoxicity is a major a... | ['Cardiotoxicity', 'Cardiac toxicity'] |
What is the triple screening test performed during pregnancy measuring? | ['AFP--1.18 MoM and estriol--1.29 MoM and significantly higher mean median value for the free beta-hCG', 'alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), 1.02 for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 1.01 for unconjugated estriol (uE3', 'alpha fetoprotein (AFP), beta human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3) '... | ['Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and unconjugated estriol (uE3)'] | ['AFP', 'Estriol', 'hCG'] |
Approximately how many recombination hotspots have been found in the yeast genome? | ['In the fission yeast genome DSBs are located within 194 prominent peaks separated on average by 65-kbp intervals of DNA that are largely free of DSBs', 'Most meiotic recombination is positioned at hotspots, but knowledge of the mechanisms is nebulous', 'meiotic recombination is initiated by double-strand DNA breaks (... | ['In the fission yeast genome DSBs are located within 194 prominent peaks separated on average by 65-kbp intervals of DNA that are largely free of DSBs.'] | ['Approximately 200', '200', '~200'] |
Is there a difference in the rate between gene fusion and gene fission? | ['we illustrate arrangement diversity within closely related organisms, estimate arrangement turnover frequency and establish, for the first time, branch-specific rate estimates for fusion, fission, domain addition and terminal loss.', 'Rate and polarity of gene fusion and fission in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thalia... | ['Yes. Several studies have estimated that gene fusion and fission are relatively rare events and the gene fusion/fission rate is approximately between 2 and 6. A conflicting case has been discovered in an analysis of plant genomes, where in Oryza sativa the opposite trend was observed.'] | ['yes'] |
Are there focused databases from which you can retrieve gene expression data on renal disease? | ['Proteomics database in chronic kidney disease', 'Naturally occurring human urinary peptides for use in diagnosis of chronic kidney disease'] | ['Biological databases are used to store and edit large amount of data, created from genomics data. In the most of the cases the data are stored according to their type but there are cases of focused databases that store database on a specific disease. In the case of renal disease there are plenty of databases, for exa... | ['yes'] |
Are ultraconserved elements depleted among copy number variants (CNVs)? | ['We have demonstrated that nonexonic UCEs are depleted among segmental duplications (SDs) and copy number variants (CNVs) and proposed that their ultraconservation may reflect a mechanism of copy counting via comparison. Here, we report that nonexonic UCEs are also depleted among 10 of 11 recent genomewide data sets o... | ['Yes. Interestingly, human ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have been reported to be strongly depleted among segmental duplications and benign copy number variants (CNVs). These elements may be interpreted as hallmarks for dose-sensitive genes, particularly for those genes whose gain or loss may be directly implied in n... | ['yes'] |
Is MammaPrint cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration? | ['Real-time RT-PCR confirmed the 5-gene prognostic signature that was distinct from an FDA-cleared 70-gene signature of MammaPrint panel and from the Oncotype DX recurrence score assay panel.'] | ['Yes. MammaPrint is cleared by the FDA for breast cancer recurrence.'] | ['yes'] |
Is amoxicillin used for treatment of malnutrition in children? | [' Another RCT did not show superiority of ceftriaxone over amoxicilllin for these same outcomes, but adressed SAM children with and without complications (p\u200a=\u200a0.27). Another RCT showed no difference between amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole efficacies for pneumonia in underweight, but not SAM. Our meta-analysis ... | ['Yes, amoxicillin is used for treatment of malnutrition in children.'] | ['yes'] |
Which are the common symptoms of Cushing's syndrome? | ['Cushing syndrome is the constellation of signs and symptoms caused by protracted exposure to glucocorticoids. The most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children and adolescents is exogenous administration of glucocorticoids. Presenting features commonly include weight gain, growth retardation, hirsutism, obesity, ... | ['Cushing syndrome is the constellation of signs and symptoms caused by protracted exposure to glucocorticoids. Presenting features commonly include weight gain, growth retardation, hirsutism, obesity, striae, acne and hypertension.'] | ['weight gain', 'growth retardation', 'hirsutism', 'obesity', 'striae', 'acne', 'hypertension'] |
What is apelin? | ['Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor.', 'Apelin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that plays important roles in energy metabolism.', 'Apelin, as the endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, participates in a number of physiological and pathologi... | ['Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor.'] | ['Apelin, a small regulatory peptide, is the endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor.'] |
Has the fungus Ashbya gossypii got many nuclei that share cytoplasm? | ['multinucleated Ashbya gossypii cells.', 'multinucleated Ashbya gossypii fungal cells', 'Nuclei in the filamentous, multinucleated fungus Ashbya gossypii divide asynchronously. ', 'multinucleated Ashbya gossypii cells', 'We analyzed a unique asynchronous nuclear division cycle in a multinucleated filamentous fungus, A... | ['Yes, Ashbya gossypii has a budding yeast-like genome but grows exclusively as multinucleated hyphae.'] | ['yes'] |
Could transcription factors act as cell-cell signalling molecules? | ['Pax6 is a transcription factor essential for the development of tissues including the eyes, central nervous system and endocrine glands of vertebrates and invertebrates. It regulates the expression of a broad range of molecules, including transcription factors, cell adhesion and short-range cell-cell signalling molec... | ['Yes. Recent data support the view that transcription factors - in particular, homeoproteins - can be transferred from cell to cell and have direct non-cell-autonomous (and therefore paracrine) activities.', 'Pax6 is a transcription factor essential for the development of tissues including the eyes, central nervous sy... | ['yes'] |
Do plant genomes contain CpG islands? | ['This study represents the first systematic genome-scale analysis of DNA curvature, CpG islands and tandem repeats at the DNA sequence level in plant genomes, and finds that not all of the chromosomes in plants follow the same rules common to other eukaryote organisms, suggesting that some of these genomic properties ... | ['In plant genomes, there exist discrete regions rich in CpG dinucleotides, namely CpG clusters. In rice, most of these CpG clusters are associated with genes. Rice genes are grouped into one of the five classes according to the position of an associated CpG cluster. Among them, class 1 genes, which harbor a CpG cluste... | ['yes'] |
Which ones are the ESKAPE organisms? | ['The aim of this study was to test in the clinic whether antimicrobial diversity affects resistance of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella species, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).', 'Despite impor... | ['The 6 ESKAPE pathogens are Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species.'] | ['Enterococcus faecium', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae', 'Acinetobacter baumannii', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Enterobacter species'] |
Have the promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome been characterized with CAGE? | ['CAGE-defined promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome.', 'Mutations in three functionally diverse genes cause Rett Syndrome. Although the functions of Forkhead box G1 (FOXG1), Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) and Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) have been studied individually, not much is k... | ['Yes. Promoter regions of the genes implicated in Rett Syndrome have been characterized using CAGE.'] | ['yes'] |
Which syndrome is NHE6 associated with? | ['A novel mutation in the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger NHE6 (SLC9A6) causes Christianson syndrome with electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES)', 'Mutations in the solute carrier family 9, subfamily A member 6 (SLC9A6) gene, encoding the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) are associated with Christian... | ['Mutations in the solute carrier family 9, subfamily A member 6 (SLC9A6) gene, encoding the endosomal Na+/H+ exchanger 6 (NHE6) are associated with Christianson syndrome, a syndromic form of X-linked intellectual disability characterized by microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, autistic behavior, early onse... | ['Christianson syndrome'] |
Which is the most common gene signature in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients? | ['A five gene type I IFN signature was assessed in these subjects to identify subpopulations showing both activation and concordance of the type I IFN pathway in the peripheral blood and disease-affected tissues of each disease and to correlate activation of this pathway in the WB with clinical measurements.R', 'Baseli... | ['A five gene type I IFN signature was assessed in these subjects to identify subpopulations showing both activation and concordance of the type I IFN pathway in the peripheral blood and disease-affected tissues of each disease and to correlate activation of this pathway in the WB with clinical measurements.R Baseline ... | ['Interferon signature', 'IFN signature'] |
Which are the state-of-the-art computational tools for the prediction of gene fusion events? | ['MosaicFinder: Identification of fused gene families in sequence similarity networks', 'This leads to an efficient formulation of previous methods of fused gene identification, which we implemented in the Python program FusedTriplets.', 'We implemented this method in the C++ program MosaicFinder, which additionally us... | ["Gene fusion detection - also known as the 'Rosetta Stone' method - involves the identification of fused composite genes in a set of reference genomes, which indicates potential interactions between its un-fused counterpart genes in query genomes. A few methods/tools and computational pipelines for the detection of ge... | ['fdfBLAST', 'FusionDB', 'InPrePPI', 'Integrated method for Prediction of Protein-Protein Interactions', 'MosaicFinder', 'Phydbac2', 'PLEX', 'Predictome', 'Rosetta Stone method', 'STRING'] |
What is the gold standard treatment for Iatrogenic male incontinence? | ['The initial treatment for SUI that persists after 12 months consists of conservative measures such as pelvic floor muscle exercises and behavioral therapy. Properly selected and informed patients can also be treated efficiently with minimally invasive procedures such as the implantation of a male suburethral sling, a... | ['The artificial urethral sphincter has represented, until today, the gold standard but, in the recent years, sling systems have been investigated as minimally invasive alternative options.'] | ['Artificial urethral sphincter', 'AUS'] |
What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes? | ['Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality among young athletes with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 athletes per annum.', 'The incidence of SCD is expected at one case for each 200,000 young athletes per year.', 'The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes is estimated to be 1-3 per ... | ['the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes ranges from 0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year .'] | ['0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year'] |
Is statin use associated with improved outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | ['Statins have been shown in two recent small phase I/II trials to be associated with a marked reduction in clinical and transcranial Doppler (TCD) evidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). ', 'Statins did not result in reduced TCD velocities, clinical or angiographic vasospasm, or improvem... | ['Statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown be associated with improved outcomes by some prospective clinical trials. It has been reported that statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced rates of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality. However, other authors have failed to find benefici... | ['yes'] |
What is the role of Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) in development? | ['Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) links developmental plasticity, longevity and lipid metabolism.', ' We show that HPL-2 regulates the expression of germline genes, extracellular matrix components and genes involved in lipid metabolism. Comparison of our expression data with HPL-2 ChIP-on-chip ... | ['Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) links developmental plasticity, longevity and lipid metabolism. HPL-2 regulates the expression of germline genes, extracellular matrix components and genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, HPL-2 regulates the dauer developmental decision, a striking e... | [] |
Which is the protein encoded by the human gene GRIK? | ['GRIK\u2009=\u2009glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate', ' To this end, the effects of chronic ethanol self-administration on glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA (GRIA) subunit variant and kainate (GRIK)'] | ['Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic Kainate'] | ['glutamate receptor ionotropic kainate'] |
Which are the inhibitors of histone methyltransferases? | ['However, in general, HMTs have no widely accepted high-throughput screening (HTS) assay format, and reference inhibitors are not available for many of the enzymes.', 'Small-molecule histone methyltransferase inhibitors display rapid antimalarial activity against all blood stage forms in Plasmodium falciparum.', 'We s... | ['In general, histone methyltransferases (HMTs) have no widely approved high-throughput screening assay format, and therefore reference inhibitors are not available for many of the HMTs. However, there are several selective HMT inhibitors: Trichostatin A (TSA), BIX-01294 and its derivative TM2-115, 2,4-pyridinedicarbox... | ['BIX-01294', 'TM2-115', '2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid', '2,4-PDCA', '3-deazaneplanocin A', 'DZNep', 'Trichostatin A', 'TSA', 'Psammaplin A', 'PsA', 'Sulforaphane', 'SFN'] |
Are CTCF and BORIS involved in genome regulation and cancer? | ['CTCF is ubiquitously expressed and plays diverse roles in gene regulation, imprinting, insulation, intra/interchromosomal interactions, nuclear compartmentalisation, and alternative splicing. CTCF has a single paralogue, the testes-specific CTCF-like gene (CTCFL)/BORIS. CTCF and BORIS can be deregulated in cancer. Th... | ['Yes. CTCF is ubiquitously expressed and plays diverse roles in gene regulation, imprinting, insulation, intra/interchromosomal interactions, nuclear compartmentalisation, and alternative splicing. CTCF has a single paralogue, the testes-specific CTCF-like gene (CTCFL)/BORIS. CTCF and BORIS can be deregulated in cance... | ['yes'] |
What is the role of the RUNX1-MYEF2 complex? | ['A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.', 'Functional analysis shows that a subset of the target genes is suppressed by RUNX1 via the newly identified partner MYEF2. Knockdown of Myef2 expression in developing zebrafish results in a reduced number of HSC.', 'Functional analysis... | ['A novel complex, RUNX1-MYEF2, represses hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.'] | ['The repression of hematopoietic genes in erythroid cells.'] |
Are thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 mutations implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome? | ['Mutations in human TRα1 mediate RTH with features of hypothyroidism in particular tissues (e.g. skeleton, gastrointestinal tract), but are not associated with a markedly dysregulated pituitary-thyroid axis.', 'Clinical phenotype of a new type of thyroid hormone resistance caused by a mutation of the TRα1 receptor'] | ['thyroid hormone receptor alpha1 mutations are implicated in thyroid hormone resistance syndrome'] | ['yes'] |
Do all archaea possess multiple origins of DNA replication? | ['Origins differ in number and structure across the three domains of life and their properties determine the dynamics of chromosome replication. Bacteria and some archaea replicate from single origins, whereas most archaea and all eukaryotes replicate using multiple origins.', 'Replication starts at a single Ori site i... | ['Origins of DNA replication differ in number and structure across the three domains of life and their properties determine the dynamics of chromosome replication. Though most archaea replicate their chromosomes using multiple origins, there are also certain archaea that possess a single origin of DNA replication (such... | ['no'] |
What is known about depression in caregivers of brain tumor patients? | ["Data suggest that patients with primary or metastatic brain tumours often have a high symptom burden and unmet needs for palliative care, and symptoms are hard to diagnose; patients suffer often and early from cognitive impairment but are rarely appropriately prepared concerning end-of-life wishes. This reflects on t... | ["Depression is common affecting up to 40% of caregivers of brain tumor patients. Depression is associated with poor quality of life of caregivers of brain tumor patients. Greater anxiety, patients’ emotional distress, economic hardship, lower caregivers’ age, lower income, less social support and lower patient functio... | [] |
Which G protein is essential in the formation and function of lamellipodia? | ['We specifically identified that the Spa homology domain (aa 250-420) of GIT1 is required for GIT1-cortactin complex localization to the leading edge. The mechanisms involved extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2-mediated Cortactin-S405 phosphorylation and activation of Rac1/Cdc42.', 'We demonstrated the util... | ['Recruitment of the small G-protein Rac1 to the plasma membrane is essential in inducing the local formation of specialized cellular processes termed lamellipodia.'] | ['Rac1'] |
Which protein is affected by dusp8 activation? | ["Thus, rosiglitazone's neuroprotective effect after ischemia is mediated by blocking JNK phosphorylation induced by ischemia via DUSP8 upregulation.", 'Prevention of JNK phosphorylation as a mechanism for rosiglitazone in neuroprotection after transient cerebral ischemia: activation of dual specificity phosphatase.', ... | ['dusp8 (M3/6) is a dual-specificity phosphatase selective for JNK.'] | ['JNK'] |
Which are the genes responsible for Dyskeratosis Congenita? | ['Studies over the last 15 years have led to significant advances, with 8 DC genes (DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10, NHP2, TIN2, C16orf57, and TCAB1) having been characterized', 'Seven of these are important in telomere maintenance either because they encode components of the telomerase enzyme complex (DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10,... | ['To date, 8 genes have been associated with Dyskeratosis Congenita development. These are DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10, NHP2, TIN2, C16orf57, and TCAB1. Seven of these are important in telomere maintenance, because either they encode components of the telomerase enzyme complex (DKC1, TERC, TERT, NOP10, NHP2, and TCAB1) or ... | ['DKC1', 'TERC', 'TERT', 'NOP10', 'NHP2', 'TIN2', 'C16orf57', 'TCAB1'] |
Which syndrome is caused by deletion of Pds5b in mice? | ['Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5B exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome.', 'Pds5B mutant mice have developmental abnormalities resembling CdLS', 'Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5B exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia ... | ['mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein pds5b exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of cornelia de lange syndrome.', 'Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5B exhibit developmental abnormalities reminiscent of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. ', 'Mice lacking sister chromatid cohesion protein ... | ['Cornelia de Lange syndrome.'] |
Name the factors required for selenoprotein synthesis in eukaryotes | ['The process requires the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, tRNASec, and protein factors including the SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2)', 'Taken together, these data establish the role of SECp43 and SLA in selenoprotein biosynthesis through interaction with tRNA([Ser]Sec) in a multiprotein complex.', 'Selenophosph... | ['eFSec, SBP2, SECp43, PSTK, Sec synthase (Sec S, SLA/LP), SPS2 (SelD), tRNASec, SECIS element, (L30), SPS1'] | ['eFSec', 'SBP2', 'SECp43', 'PSTK', 'Sec synthase', 'Sec S', 'SLA/LP', 'SPS2', 'SelD', 'tRNASec', 'SECIS element', '(L30)', 'SPS1'] |
Which diseases can be treated with Afamelanotide? | ['Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.', 'CONCLUSIONS: Afamelanotide had an acceptable side-effect and adverse-event profile and was associated with an increased duration of sun exposure without pain and improved quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.', 'Afamelanotide and narrowband... | ['Afamelanotide was ivestigated for treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria, vitiligo, Hailey-Hailey disease, acne vulgaris, polymorphic light eruption, prevention of actinic keratoses in organ transplant recipients and nonmelanoma skin cancer.'] | ['erythropoietic protoporphyria', 'vitiligo', 'Hailey-Hailey disease', 'acne vulgaris', 'polymorphic light eruption', 'ctinic keratoses', 'nonmelanoma skin cancer'] |
What is a Caveolae? | ['Caveolae are flask-shaped plasma membrane invaginations formed by constitutive caveolin proteins and regulatory cavin proteins. ', 'Caveolae are membrane subdomains that function as signaling platforms, endocytic carriers, sensors of membrane tension, and mechanical stress, as well as in lipid homeostasis', 'Caveolae... | ['Caveolae, plasma membrane invaginations of 60-80nm in diameter, are a subset of lipid rafts enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids.'] | [] |
What is the link between HOT regions and RNA polymerase recruitment? | ['Transcription-factor occupancy at HOT regions quantitatively predicts RNA polymerase recruitment in five human cell lines.', 'Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes. At HOT promoters, TF occupancy is strongly predictive of transcriptio... | ['Most HOT regions co-localize with RNA polymerase II binding sites, but many are not near the promoters of annotated genes. At HOT promoters, TF occupancy is strongly predictive of transcription preinitiation complex recruitment and moderately predictive of initiating Pol II recruitment, but only weakly predictive of ... | ['Transcription-factor occupancy at HOT regions quantitatively predicts RNA polymerase recruitment.'] |
Which is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome? | ['KD is particularly effective in myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE; Doose Syndrome) and West syndrome with 100% and 81.25% of the patients having a greater than 50% seizure reduction, respectively. ', 'Myoclonic astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome) - a lamotrigine responsive epilepsy?', 'PURPOSE: Myoclonic astatic epilepsy... | ['Myoclonic astatic epilepsy is the major symptom of the Doose syndrome, which is a difficult to treat idiopathic generalized epilepsy of early childhood.'] | ['myoclonic astatic epilepsy'] |
Which pituitary adenoma is common cause of infertility is women? | ['Prolactinoma is the most common secreting pituitary adenoma. It is typically diagnosed in women of reproductive age and is common cause of infertility.', 'Examination of the tissue excised by transsphenoidal excision of the mass showed a pituitary adenoma that stained strongly for FSH. RESULTS: Regular menses resumed... | ['Prolactinoma is a pituitary adenoma that is strongly associated with infertility in women mainly due to increased prolactin secretion causing hyperprolactinemia. Other pituitary lesions can also be associated with infertility.'] | ['prolactinoma'] |
What are the most frequent non-canonical sequence motifs at the donor and acceptor splice sites in vertebrates? | ["About 1-2% of introns are non-canonical, with the most abundant subtype of non-canonical introns being characterized by GC and AG dinucleotides at their 5'- and 3'-termini, respectively.", 'Our results indicate that the incorporation of non-canonical splice site models yields dramatic improvements in annotating genes... | ['There are two major exceptions to the canonical GT-AG dinucleotides at donor and acceptor sites: the GG-AG splice site pairs, recognized through the typical U2 splicing machinery, and the AT-AC splice pairs recognized by the U12 splicing machinery.'] | [] |
What is the treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis? | ['Prednisone remains the preferred treatment modality of AIT type 2, because perchlorate given alone or in combination with prednisone had no better outcomes.', 'Total thyroidectomy, by rapidly restoring euthyroidism, may improve cardiac function and reduce the risk of mortality in AIT patients with severe LV dysfuncti... | ['Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is complex and may include drugs such as antithyroid drugs, beta-blockers, corticosteroids lithium as well as iopanoic acid in preparation of thyroidectomy. Total thyroidectomy and radioiodine represent alternative treatment options'] | [] |
Which histone modifications have been associated to alternative splicing? | ['We found that several types of histone modifications including H3K36me3 were associated with the inclusion or exclusion of alternative exons. Furthermore, we observed that the levels of H3K36me3 and H3K79me1 in the cell lines were well correlated with the differences in alternative splicing patterns between the cell ... | ['H3K36m3 has been systematically associated to exon inclusion in almost all published studies. Other marks have been associated as well in specific studies to exon expression, but it can not be concluded that the effect of these marks in exon expression it is not a consequence of their effect in gene expression.'] | [] |
What is the function of the yeast protein Aft1? | ['Using a scheme for selecting mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with abnormalities of iron metabolism, we have identified a gene, AFT1, that mediates the control of iron uptake', 'AFT1 functions to activate transcription of target genes in response to iron deprivation and thereby plays a central role in iron homeost... | ['The Aft1 transcription factor regulates the iron regulon in response to iron availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aft1 activates a battery of genes required for iron uptake under iron-starved conditions, whereas Aft1 function is inactivated under iron-replete conditions. Aft1 interacts with the FOB (ferrioxamin... | [] |
What is the purpose of HaploReg v4? | ['HaploReg v4: systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease.', 'Since first launching the website in 2011, we have greatly expanded HaploReg, increasing the number of chromatin state maps to 127 reference epigenomes from ENCODE 2012 and Road... | ['HaploReg v4 enables the systematic mining of putative causal variants, cell types, regulators and target genes for human complex traits and disease.'] | [] |
What are the structures formed when keratin molecules come together? | [' Keratins form the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton and provide scaffold structures within cells.', 'keratin intermediate filaments', 'keratin intermediate filaments', 'keratin intermediate filament protein.', 'Keratin is a protein in the intermediate filament family ', 'Keratins are the intermediate filame... | ['Keratins form the intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton and provide scaffold structures within cells.'] | ['Intermediate filaments'] |
Is STAT3 transcription factor regulated by mTORC1? | ['Mechanistically, mTORC1 mediated IL-6-induced Stat3 activation in intestinal epithelial cells to stimulate the expression of downstream targets essential for cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. Therefore, mTORC1 signaling critically protects against inflammatory bowel disease through modulation of inflammatio... | ['mTORC1 was found to regulate STAT3 activity in, at least, three ways: 1) after induction by IL6, 2) by direct phosphorylation during hypoxia, to promote HIF-1α mRNA transcription, and 3) after activation by excess amino acids, which then positively regulate Notch1 expression through STAT3 activation.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the function of the MTH1 enzyme in cancer cells? | ['the glucose-responsive transcription factor Mth1', 'Human MTH1 (hMTH1) is an enzyme that hydrolyses several oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates to their corresponding nucleoside monophosphates', ' We have recently shown that oncogenic RAS-induced DNA damage and attendant premature senescence can be prevented by ... | ['The MTH1 protein catalyzes hydrolysis of oxidatively damaged purine nucleotides including 8-hydroxy-dGTP to the monophosphates. The MTH1 protein seems to act as an important defense system against mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and cell death induced by oxidized purine nucleotides.'] | [] |
Describe the mechanism of action of drisapersen | ["Drisapersen is a 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide designed to skip exon 51 in dystrophin pre-mRNA to restore the reading frame of the mRNA. ", "UNLABELLED: Chronic administration of drisapersen, a 2'-OMe phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (AON) to mice and monkeys resulted in renal tubular accumul... | ["Drisapersen is a 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate oligonucleotide designed to skip exon 51 in dystrophin pre-mRNA to restore the reading frame of the mRNA. It has potential for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy."] | [] |
Has Revlimid been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration? | ['In the past decade, immunomodulatory drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM)-and a number of emerging agents that target the cellular pathways or proteins involved in the pathophysiology of MM are currently in development. Lenalidomide (Revlimid) and ... | ['Yes, Revlimid has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of multiple myeloma.'] | ['yes'] |
List the diseases for which there are point-of-care breath tests | ['Additionally, we try to clarify controversial issues concerning possible experimental malpractice in the field, and propose ways to translate the basic science results as well as the mechanistic understanding to tools (sensors) that could serve as point-of-care diagnostics of cancer.', 'Point of care monitoring of he... | ['Point of care breath tests are available for lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, respiratory distress syndrome, methanol intoxication, kidney diseases, liver diseases, Helicobacter pylori infection, asthma, sepsis, heart failure, diabetes and tuberculosis.'] | ['lung cancer', 'pulmonary embolism', 'respiratory distress syndrome', 'methanol intoxication', 'kidney diseases', 'liver diseases', 'Helicobacter pylori infection', 'asthma', 'sepsis', 'heart failure', 'diabetes', 'tuberculosis'] |
At which kind of individuals is pharmacological treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism effective in reducing cardiovascular events? | ['sHT in older people should be not regarded as a unique condition, and moderately old patients (aged <70-75 y) could be considered clinically similar to the adult population, albeit with a higher optimal TSH target value. Conversely, the oldest old subjects should be carefully followed with a wait-and-see strategy, ge... | ['Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with fewer cardiovascular events in younger individuals, but this issue has not been resolved yet in elderly people.'] | ['effective in younger individuals'] |
How is myotonic dystrophy inherited? | ['Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder caused by a CCTG tetranucleotide repeat expansion located in intron 1 of the zinc finger protein 9 gene (ZNF9 gene) on chromosome 3q 21.3.', 'Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an expansion of a CT... | ['Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a heterogeneous neuromuscular disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.'] | ['autosomal dominant'] |
Which fusion protein is involved in the development of Ewing sarcoma? | ['Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and young adults. It is driven by oncogenic fusion proteins (i.e. EWS/FLI1) acting as aberrant transcription factors that upregulate and downregulate target genes, leading to cellular transformation', 'EWS/FLI-1 oncoprotein subtypes impose different ... | ['Ewing sarcoma is the second most common bone malignancy in children and young adults. In almost 95% of the cases, it is driven by oncogenic fusion protein EWS/FLI1, which acts as an aberrant transcription factor, that upregulates or downregulates target genes, leading to cellular transformation.'] | ['EWS/FLI1'] |
How were plasma levels of thyroid hormones affected by amiodarone and dronedarone treatment in Wistar rats? | ['["Amiodarone resulted in increased T4, T4/T3 and rT3, whereas dronedarone did not alter the thyroid hormone profile in normal animals.", "Fifty-five Wistar rats were randomly allocated to a 2-week oral treatment with either vehicle (n=18), amiodarone (30 mg/kg, n=20), or dronedarone (30 mg/kg, n=17).", "Thyroid funct... | Amiodarone treatment resulted in increased T4, T4/T3, and rT3 levels in Wistar rats, while dronedarone did not alter the thyroid hormone profile in normal animals. | [] |
Where in a protein can a signal sequence be found? | ['A transmembrane domain (TMD) at the N-terminus of a membrane protein is a signal sequence that targets the protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. ', ' an N-terminal signal sequence,', 'soluble AMO possesses an N-terminal signal sequence', 'n N-terminal "twin arginine" signal sequence suggested ', 'Protei... | ['Proteins have signal sequences typically resent at the most N-terminal end.'] | ['N-terminally'] |
Is transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) related to gene expression levels? | ['These mutations were frequent in plasmid-borne lacS expressed at a high level but not in single-copy lacS in the chromosome or at lower levels of expression in a plasmid.', 'The results suggest that important DNA repair or replication fidelity functions are impaired or overwhelmed in pJlacS, with results analogous to... | ['Spontaneous point mutation rate in a gene increases with its transcription level, suggesting that movement of RNA polymerase through the target initiates a mutagenic process(es). This phenomenon is termed transcription-associated mutation (TAM). Transcription-associated mutagenesis is directly proportional to the lev... | ['yes'] |
Is Dupilumab used for treatment of atopic dermatitis? | ['Dupilumab has demonstrated efficacy in patients with asthma and atopic dermatitis, which are both type 2 helper T-cell-mediated diseases.', 'Background Dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-4 receptor alpha, inhibits signaling of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, type 2 cytokines that may be impo... | ['Yes, patients treated with dupilumab had marked and rapid improvement in all the evaluated measures of atopic dermatitis disease activity.'] | ['yes'] |
List 3 indications for Bupropion | [' For genotype, genes associated with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and related proteins have been found to predict response to first-line medications (e.g. nicotine replacement therapy [NRT], bupropion, or varenicline) or quitting over time without a controlled treatment trial. ', 'The approval of drug c... | ['Bupropion is used to treat Obesity, for smoking cessation and for depression'] | ['weight loss in obesity', 'smoking cessation', 'depression'] |
Which major signaling pathways are regulated by RIP1? | ['Major signaling pathways regulated by RIP1 include necroptosis, apoptosis, and pro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation. ', 'receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis', 'TNF-induced apoptotic signaling pathways were assessed by monitoring levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, A20, and cleavage prod... | ['necroptosis\napoptosis \npro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation'] | ['necroptosis', 'apoptosis', 'pro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation'] |
Which protein mediates the replacement of H2A by H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae? | ['The chromatin remodeler SWR1 mediates site-specific incorporation of H2A.Z by a multi-step histone replacement reaction, evicting histone H2A-H2B from the canonical nucleosome and depositing the H2A.Z-H2B dimer', 'he multisubunit nucleosome-remodeling enzyme complex SWR1, conserved from yeast to mammals, catalyzes th... | ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swr1, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, is the catalytic core of a multisubunit chromatin remodeling enzyme, called the SWR1 complex, that efficiently replaces conventional histone H2A in nucleosomes with histone H2A.Z. We identified a complex containing 13 different polypeptides associated with a ... | ['SWR1'] |
Is Growth factor independence 1b (GFI1B) important for hematopoiesis? | ['Growth Factor Independence (Gfi) transcription factors play essential roles in hematopoiesis, differentially activating and repressing transcriptional programs required for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) development and lineage specification', 'gfi1aa and gfi1b have distinct roles in regulating primitive a... | ['Yes. Gfi-1B is a transcriptional repressor essential for the regulation of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryonic stem cells fail to contribute to red cells of adult chimeras. Gfi-1b(-/-) embryos exhibit delayed maturation of primitive erythrocytes and subsequently die with failure to produce def... | ['yes'] |
Is there a role for gamma knife in treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? | ['OBJECTIVE Functional Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) procedures have been increasingly used for treating patients with tremor, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.', 'METHODS The authors constructed a linear-quadratic model of BED in functional GKRS with a dose-protraction factor t... | ['Yes. Gamma knife radiosurgery is being increasingly to treat refractory obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD). It is reserved for severe, treatment-refractory disease that has not responded to multiple treatments.'] | ['yes'] |
Which genes are implicated in short QT syndrome? | ['A novel gain-of-function KCNJ2 mutation associated with short-QT syndrome impairs inward rectification of Kir2.1 currents.', 'In this study, we identified a novel KCNJ2 gain-of-function mutation, M301K, associated with SQTS. ', 'A mutation in genes related to SQTS was found in 23% of the probands; most of them had a ... | ['The genes that are implicated in short QT syndrome are KCNJ2, KCNH2, CACNA2D1 and KCNQ1.'] | ['KCNJ2', 'inward rectifier potassium channel gene', 'HERG', 'KCNH2', 'CACNA2D1', 'KCNQ1', 'CACNB2b'] |
Borden classification is used for which disease? | ['The locations of DAVFs were the transverse-sigmoid sinus in 11, tentorium in 10, cranial vault in 9, and superior sagittal sinus, jugular bulb, foramen magnum, and middle cranial fossa in 1 each. Borden classification was type I in 7, type II in 3, and type III in 24.', 'Transarterial glue embolization is highly effe... | ['Borden classification systems is used for the prediction of clinical behavior of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas.'] | ['cranial dural arteriovenous fistula', 'DAVF'] |
Which are the different members/isoforms of the Ras oncogenes? | ['The major Ras isoforms (K, H, and N) ', 'Mutations in Ras isoforms such as K-Ras, N-Ras, and H-Ras contribute to roughly 85, 15, and 1% of human cancers, respectively.', 'the Ras isoforms (H, N and K) ', 'The mutant forms of KRas, NRas and HRas', ' lipidated Ras isoforms (H-Ras and N-Ras)', ': H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras... | ['Ras proteins are proto-oncogenes that are frequently mutated in human cancers. Three closely related isoforms, HRAS, KRAS and NRAS, are expressed in all cells and have overlapping but distinctive functions.', 'H-ras, N-ras, and K-ras are canonical ras gene family members frequently activated by point mutation in huma... | ['H-Ras', 'N-Ras', 'K-Ras4A', 'K-Ras4B'] |
What tissue is most affected in Ehlers-Danlos syndromes? | ['The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hypermobility, skin extensibility, and tissue fragility. ', 'Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) constitute a rare group of inherited connective tissue diseases, characterized by multisystemic manifestations and ge... | ['the ehlers-danlos syndromes (eds) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hypermobility, skin extensibility, and tissue fragility.', 'The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by triad of joint hypermobility, skin extensibility, and t... | ['connective tissue'] |
What is the indication for Mirabegron? | ['Mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.', 'The clinical indication for mirabegron is overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency and other storage symptoms in both men... | ['Mirabegron, the first 尾3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome symptoms.', 'mirabegron, the first β3-adrenoceptor agonist in clinical practice, is approved for treatment of overactive bladder (oab) syndrome symptoms.', 'Mirabegron, the first β3-adren... | ['OverActive Bladder syndrome'] |
What is the composition of the gamma-secretase complex? | ['Gamma-secretase is a widely expressed multisubunit enzyme complex which is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and hematopoietic malignancies through its aberrant processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch1, respectively.', "Presenilin (PS1 or PS2) is the catalytic component of the gamm... | ['Gamma-secretase is a multisubunit enzyme complex which is consists of four proteins: presenilin 1 (PS1) or presenilin 2 (PS2), nicastrin, Aph-1 and Pen-2.'] | [] |
Is protein M3/6 a dual specificity phosphatase? | ['Involvement of the dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 in c-Jun N-terminal kinase inactivation following cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus.', 'The results revealed upregulation of dual-specificity phosphatase M3/6 (DUSP8) activity at 4\xa0h of reperfusion in rat hippocampi. ', 'This study examines the molecular ... | ['M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phosphatase implicated in the dephosphorylation and inactivation of JNK and, to a lesser extent, p38 MAPKs.', 'Yes. Phosphatases play a particularly important role in this respect, by tightly controlling MAPK phosphorylation and activation. M3/6 (DUSP8) is a dual-specificity phospha... | ['yes'] |
What is the role of music therapy in coma patients. | ['[Beneficial effect of preferred music on cognitive functions in minimally conscious state patients].', 'Several studies have shown that music can boost cognitive functions in normal and brain-damaged subjects. A few studies have suggested a beneficial effect of music in patients with a disorder of consciousness but i... | ['Several studies have shown that music can boost cognitive functions in patients with a disorder of consciousness but it is difficult to conclude since they did not use quantified measures and a control condition/group. Active improvised music therapy may offer an adjuvant form of treatment in the early rehabilitation... | [] |
Does triiodothyronine play a regulatory role in insulin secretion from pancreas? | ['Our findings establish that p43 is an important regulator of glucose homeostasis and pancreatic β-cell function and provide evidence for the first time of a physiological role for a mitochondrial endocrine receptor.', 'The p43(-/-) mice had a major defect in insulin secretion both in vivo and in isolated pancreatic i... | ['YES'] | ['yes'] |
What is Contrave prescribed for? | ['Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Assuming that the results of the Contrave phase III clinical program reaffirm the efficacy and safety of the drug combination, this agent could be approved and launche... | ['Contrave(?) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a combination of naltrexone hydrochloride extended release and bupropion hydrochloride extended release for the treatment of obesity', 'Contrave(®) is a... | ['Obesity'] |
What is the clinical value of MammaPrint? | ['In the intermediate-risk subgroup, the 70-gene signature could be useful to decide in elderly patients whether they may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or not.', 'Adjuvant assessment tools for prognosis and prediction of treatment benefit, including Adjuvant! Online, the St Gallen Consensus, Oncotype DX(®) and Mam... | ['MammaPrint has a prognostic value for distant metastasis and death, as well as predictive value for response to adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. However, the EGAPP Working Group found no evidence regarding the clinical utility of the MammaPrint.'] | [] |
What is the effect of nocodazole cell treatment? | ['antimitotic SAC-inducing agents (i.e., nocodazole', 'spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC)', 'Cells can also be enriched in mitosis using nocodazole', ' escape of metaphase I arrest induced by nocodazole treatment ', ' the treatment of CD4+T-cells with nocodazole, which disrupts the microtubular network,', 'nocodazole-tr... | ['Nocodazole trigger mitotic arrest.'] | ['Mitotic arrest'] |
What colonoscopy findings have been reported in autism | ['Autistic enterocolitis: fact or fiction?', 'There have been several reports of a link between autism and chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls.', 'Intestinal mucosal p... | ['Endoscopy trials have demonstrated a higher prevalence of nonspecific colitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and focally enhanced gastritis compared with controls.'] | [] |
Is invasion and metastasis one of the hallmarks of cancer? | ['The pathogenesis of MM involves the accumulation of extensive cytogenetic changes, as well as cancer-related phenotypic alterations that facilitate tumor cell survival, invasion and metastasis. This review presents current knowledge regarding the biological characteristics of this disease that are linked to the so-ca... | ['Yes, invasion and metastasis are one of the so-called hallmarks of cancer.'] | ['yes'] |
Are integrins part of the extracellular matrix? | ['Several constituents of the ECM provide adhesive cues, which serve as binding sites for cell trans-membrane receptors, such as integrins.', 'We also determined that blocking β1integrins, the major class of receptors for all ECM proteins tested,', 'Here, we elucidate a cross-scale mechanism for tissue assembly and ECM... | ['Yes, \tintegrins are a central family of extracellular matrix receptors.'] | ['yes'] |
Which are the known human transmembrane nucleoporins? | ['We investigated the interplay between import receptors and the transmembrane nucleoporin Pom121', 'the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121 is critical for the incorporation of the Nup107/160 complex into new assembly sites specifically during interphase.', 'The transmembrane nucleoporin NDC1', 'NDC1 is a transmembrane n... | ['Transmembrane nucleoporins (NUPs) are integral membrane components of the eukaryotic nuclear pore, playing an important role in the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) assembly. Even though the NPC is a conserved feature of all eukaryotes, different lineages possess some distinct transmembrane NUP subunits. Currently, four hu... | ['NDC1', 'TMEM48', 'NET3', 'hNDC1', 'POM121', 'Nup121', 'GP210', 'Nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210', 'Nuclear envelope pore membrane protein POM 210', 'POM210', 'Nup210', 'TMEM33', 'DB83'] |
Which antiepileptic drug is most strongly associated with spina bifida? | ['The teratogenicity of antiepilepsy drug valproic acid (VPA) mostly is found in genetic and somatic levels, causing teratogenesis involving neurotubular defects (NTDs), anencephaly, lumbosacral meningomyelocele, and leg dysfunction due to spina bifida aperta.', 'The summary odds ratio estimate for the association betw... | ['Phenytoin is not used in pregnancy as it is associated with a severe fetal deformation. From the other anticonvulsants most studies report the higher association between use during pregnancy and spin bifida to occur with Valproate.'] | ['Valproate'] |
List Pentalogy of Fallot. | ['Pentalogy of Fallot (POF) is a rare form of congenital heart disease characterized by the association of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with an atrial septal defect (ASD).', 'Additionally, an atrial septal defect was found on necropsy, resulting in the final diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot with an atrial septal defect (a... | ['Pentalogy of Fallot consists of a pulmonic stenosis, a ventricular septal defect, an overriding aorta, a right ventricular hypertrophy and a patent foramen ovale.'] | ['pulmonic stenosis', 'ventricular septal defect', 'overriding aorta', 'right ventricular hypertrophy', 'patent foramen ovale'] |
How does cotranscriptional splicing impact the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes? | ['[", as splicing is often cotranscriptional, a complex picture emerges in which splicing regulation not only depends on the balance of splicing factor binding to their pre-mRNA target sites but also on transcription-associated features such as protein recruitment to the transcribing machinery and elongation kinetics."... | Cotranscriptional splicing impacts the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes by influencing splicing factor recruitment, splicing catalysis, and the balance between transcription and splicing. It is a complex process that involves interactions between transcription-associated features, chromatin structure, and RN... | [] |
Is there evidence that tomato juice lowers cholesterol levels? | ['The hypocholesterolemic effect of tomato juice has been investigated in an intervention study with rats, along with the possible inhibition effect of bioactive tomato compounds binding to the HMGCR enzyme.', 'The molecular modelling showed that components of tomato can bind to the active site of the enzyme and compet... | ['Yes, there is evidence to suggest that tomato juice (and other tomato products) can decrease cholesterol concentrations. It was shown that tomatoes inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis.'] | ['yes'] |
Is flibanserin effetive for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder? | ['Mechanism of action of flibanserin, a multifunctional serotonin agonist and antagonist (MSAA), in hypoactive sexual desire disorder.', 'Flibanserin is a novel multifunctional serotonin agonist and antagonist (MSAA) that improves sexual functioning in premenopausal women who suffer from reduced sexual interest and des... | ['Yes, flibanserin, a novel serotonin (5-HT)(1A) agonist and 5-HT(2A) antagonist, has been shown to increase sexual desire and reduce distress in women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder.'] | ['yes'] |
Which gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome? | ['Mutations in PLA2G6 have been associated with disorders such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type II and Karak syndrome', 'Mutations in PLA2G6 gene have variable phenotypic outcome including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy, idiopathic ... | ['PLA2G6 gene is mutated in the Karak syndrome.'] | ['PLA2G6'] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.