question stringlengths 13 291 | contexts stringlengths 2 24.7k | ground_truth stringlengths 6 6.9k ⌀ | exact_answer stringlengths 2 710 |
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Does the histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) interact with triadin? | ['The HRC effects on RyR may be regulated by the Ca(2+)-sensitivity of its interaction with triadin.', 'In rabbit skeletal and cardiac muscles, HRC binds to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes via triadin, a junctional SR protein. ', 'HRC may play a key role in the regulation of SR Ca cycling through its direct inter... | ['Yes. HRC may play a key role in the regulation of SR Ca cycling through its direct interactions with SERCA2 and triadin, mediating a fine cross talk between SR Ca uptake and release in the heart. A direct binding of HRC (histidine-rich Ca(2+)-binding protein) to triadin, the main transmembrane protein of the junction... | ['yes'] |
Which proteins remove H2A.Z in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae? | ['Removal of H2A.Z by INO80 promotes homologous recombination', 'Budding yeast INO80 can remove H2A.Z/H2B dimers from chromatin and replace them with H2A/H2B dimers.', 'Here, we show that H2A.Z in human cells is indeed rapidly removed from chromatin flanking DNA damage by INO80.', 'We also report that the histone chape... | ['Removal of H2A.Z by INO80 promotes homologous recombination Budding yeast INO80 can remove H2A.Z/H2B dimers from chromatin and replace them with H2A/H2B dimers. Here, we show that H2A.Z in human cells is indeed rapidly removed from chromatin flanking DNA damage by INO80.', 'Here, we show that H2A.Z in human cells is ... | ['INO80', 'ANP32E'] |
Which cells express CIDEC protein in humans? | ['The expression levels of related adipocyte markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα), mature white adipose tissue specific markers (Cidec, RIP140) increased at the presence of NPY (10(-7), 10(-9), 10(-11) mol/L).', 'The cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector c (CIDEC; also known in rodents as FSP27 or fat-spe... | ['The cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector c (CIDEC) is a lipid droplet-associated protein that promotes intracellular triglyceride (TAG) storage. CIDEC is highly expressed in adipocytes, but undetectable in normal liver. However, its hepatic expression rises during fasting or under genetic ... | [] |
What is the Glasgow Coma score? | [' Injury severity was determined by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission or by the duration of unconsciousness', 'Severity analysis was based on the Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Scor', 'The strongest correlations were found between the Glasgow coma score and quality of life (r\xa0= 0.236, P\xa0= 0... | ['Glasgow coma sore is used to determine injury severity on admission to a hospital emergency department or by the duration of unconsciousness.'] | [] |
Is there association of matrix metalloproteinases with behaviour of pituitary adenomas? | ['While detailed histological subtyping remains the best independent predictor of aggressive behavior in the majority of cases, evidence suggests that the additional analyses of FGFR4, MMP, PTTG, Ki-67, p53, and deletions in chromosome 11 may contribute to decisions concerning management of aggressive pituitary adenoma... | ['Yes, there is evidence to suggest that matrix metalloproteinases are associated with more aggressive of pituitary adenomas.'] | ['yes'] |
Could Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) be effective for the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer? | ['The use of HIPEC after aggressive cytoreductive surgery in patients with ovarian cancer with peritoneal dissemination can be performed with acceptable postoperative morbidity rates. Knowledge of the factors associated with the onset of these postoperative adverse events allows better management of the same and offers... | ['There is level-one evidence suggesting the benefit of postoperative adjuvant intraperitoneal chemotherapy for patients with advanced ovarian cancer after cytoreductive surgery, albeit catheter-related complications resulted after treatment discontinuation. Studies report the use of HIPEC predominantly in the setting ... | ['yes'] |
What is the mode of inheritance in Fanconi anemia? | ['Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome with diverse clinical symptoms including developmental defects, short stature, bone marrow failure, and a high risk of malignancies. Fifteen genetic subtypes have been distinguished so far. The mode of inheritance for all subtypes is autosomal recessive, except for FA-... | ['Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited syndrome with diverse clinical symptoms including developmental defects, short stature, bone marrow failure, and a high risk of malignancies. Fifteen genetic subtypes have been distinguished so far. The mode of inheritance for all subtypes is autosomal recessive, except for FA-... | ['Autosomal recessive, except for FANCB, which is X-linked.'] |
What are the major clinical Villefranche criteria for classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome? | ['All type V collagen defects were identified within a group of 102 patients fulfilling all major clinical Villefranche criteria, that is, skin hyperextensibility, dystrophic scarring and joint hypermobility', 'All type V collagen defects were identified within a group of 102 patients fulfilling all major clinical Vill... | ['The major clinical Villefranche criteria for classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are skin hyperextensibility, dystrophic scarring, and joint hypermobility.'] | ['skin hyperextensibility', 'dystrophic scarring', 'joint hypermobility'] |
How many microorganisms are present in human normal gut? | ['. A major breakthrough in understanding the etiology of neurological disorders is the recent insight on the role of the gut microbiota (GM). Human GM also referred to as the "forgotten organ" is home to 10(13-14) microorganisms', 'The gut microbiome comprises the collective genome of the trillions of microorganisms r... | ['Human gut microbiota is home to 10 to 100 trillions microorganisms.'] | ['10 to 100 trillions microorganisms.'] |
Can cognitive behavioral therapy improve fatigue in cancer patients? | ['Physical activity, educational interventions, and cognitive-behavioral therapy have the most supportive data and can be recommended to patients with confidence. ', 'For women undergoing radiotherapy (3 RCTs), hypnosis combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy improved distress and fatigue.', 'Patients in the CBT gro... | ['Yes, it has been documented that cognitive behavioral therapy reduces fatigue symptom severity in cancer patients. In addition, cognitive behavioral therapy has been also shown to improve mood and overall quality of life, and it can be successfully delivered through a variety of treatment modalities in patients with... | ['yes'] |
To which disease does the loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contribute? | ['Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.', 'Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenes... | ['Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.', 'Loss of CD28 expression by liver-infiltrating T cells contributes to pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis. ', 'loss of cd28 expression by liver-infiltrating t cells contributes to pathogen... | ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis'] |
Has proteomics been used in the study of Pick's disease? | ["In Pick's disease, increased AGE, CML, CEL, HNE and MDAL bands of about 50 kDa were observed in the frontal cortex (but not in the occipital cortex) in association with increased density of glial acidic protein bands.", "Thus, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down sy... | ["Yes, proteomics has been used in the study of Pick's disease."] | ['yes'] |
Which pipelines are used for analyzing data from ChIP-nexus experiments? | ['PeakXus: comprehensive transcription factor binding site discovery from ChIP-Nexus and ChIP-Exo experiments.', 'We describe a peak caller PeakXus that is specifically designed to leverage the increased resolution of ChIP-exo/Nexus and developed with the aim of making as few assumptions of the data as possible to allo... | ['PeakXus and Q-nexus enable comprehensive transcription factor binding site discovery from ChIP-nexus experiments.'] | ['PeakXus', 'Q-nexus'] |
Does triiodothyronine stimulate red blood cell sodium potassium pump? | ['reduction in Na+,K+ATPase activity has been demonstrated in red blood cells (RBCs), as well as an inverse correlation between this enzymatic action and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels.', 'The restoration of normal FT3 values also brings about a normalization of Na+,K+ATPase activity in erythrocytes.', 'at hyperthy... | ['An inverse correlation between this enzymatic action and free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels.\nThe effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in red blood cells may be different in vivo and in vitro.'] | ['no'] |
List disorders that have been associated to the polymorphism rs2535629. | ['A recent genome-wide analysis indicated that a polymorphism (rs2535629) of ITIH3 showed the strongest association signal with susceptibility to psychiatric disorders in Caucasian populations. ', 'he aim of the study was to replicate the association of rs2535629 with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) i... | ['schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. '] | ['schizophrenia', 'major depressive disorder'] |
Is fatigue prevalent in patients receiving treatment for glioblastoma? | ['By contrast, fatigue worsened over time, with a difference in mean score of 5.6 points between baseline and 4-month follow-up (P=.02).', 'In the GB cohort, the most common side effects were fatigue (56 %), diarrhea (44 %), neutropenia (31 %), and thrombocytopenia (25 %). ', 'A total of 37 patients were treated, and t... | ['Yes, fatigue is a common complication of glioblastoma patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy.'] | ['yes'] |
In which yeast chromosome does the rDNA cluster reside? | ['Chromosome XII context is important for rDNA function in yeast', 'The rDNA cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located 450 kb from the left end and 610 kb from the right end of chromosome XII and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb rDNA unit', 'To explore the biological significance ... | ['Chromosome XII context is important for rDNA function in yeast', 'The rDNA cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located 450 kb from the left end and 610 kb from the right end of chromosome XII and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb rDNA unit.', 'Condensation of a unique region of chr... | ['chromosome XII', 'chromosome 12'] |
Which mitochondrial genes are regulated by thyroid hormone? | ['We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mRNA differential display (DD) analysis to obtain a profile of thyroid hormone-responsive genes in osteoblast-like cells', 'At the 2-hour time point, 1 true-positive novel clone was identified and shown to be the mitochondrial gene, subunit 6 of ATP synthase (ATPase-6).... | ['subunit 6 of ATP synthase, ATPase-6, mitochondrial II and III subunits of cytochrome-c oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3'] | ['subunit 6 of ATP synthase', 'ATPase-6', 'mitochondrial II and III subunits of cytochrome-c oxidase', 'NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3', 'ND3'] |
Is there a phylogenetic analysis for HIV? | ['The results of Burst and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the C. neoformans var. grubii strains could be separated into three nonredundant evolutionary groups (Burst group 1 to group 3). ', 'Phylogenetic trees were constructed to evaluate the relationships between the variants', 'We analyzed pol (protease/reverse... | ['In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which are discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices. The result of phylogenetic studies is a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups: the... | ['yes'] |
Define marine metaproteomics | ["Metaproteomics is a new field within the 'omics' science which investigates protein expression from a complex biological system and provides direct evidence of physiological and metabolic activities.", 'Metaproteomic studies of whole microbial communities from environmental samples (e.g., soil, sediments, freshwater,... | ['Marine metaproteomics is the study of the activities of whole marine microbial communities. The proteomic analyses are applied directly without the need for prior microbial culturing. The samples can be sediments,seawater, etc.'] | [] |
Which protein is required for Argonaute 2 recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies? | ['we examined whether another Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol (RA) affected P-bodies and stress granules. Treatment with RA reduced the level of the Hsp90 client protein Argonaute 2 and the number of P-bodies. Although stress granules still assembled in RA-treated cells upon heat shock, they were smaller and more dispersed i... | ['Hsp90 regulates the function of argonaute 2 and its recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies.'] | ['Hsp90'] |
Have mutations in the Polycomb group been found in human diseases? | ['We identify a novel mutation in PHC1, a human orthologue of the Drosophila polyhomeotic member of polycomb group (PcG), which significantly decreases PHC1 protein expression, increases Geminin protein level and markedly abolishes the capacity to ubiquitinate histone H2A in patient cells.', 'In clinical specimens of h... | ['Yes, different members of the Polycomb family have been found mutated in diseases such as primary microcephaly, nonsyndromic cleft lip and several cancers (including hemotopoietic malignancies, esophageal carcinoma, head and neck cancer or prostate cancer).\n\nExact anser:\nYes'] | ['yes'] |
Describe Mozart effect. | ['OBJECTIVE: Listening to Mozart K.448 has been demonstrated to improve spatial task scores, leading to what is known as the Mozart Effect.', "According to the first publication in 1993 by Rauscher et al. [Nature 1993;365:611], the Mozart effect implies the enhancement of reasoning skills solving spatial problems in no... | ["The Mozart effect implies the enhancement of reasoning skills solving spatial problems in normal subjects after listening to Mozart's piano sonata K 448."] | [] |
What is the main component of the Lewy bodies? | ["α-syn is the main component of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia", "Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Majority of PD are sporadic, for which genetic causes remain largely unknown. Alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, plays a cent... | ["Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopaminergic neurones and the formation of Lewy bodies (LB) in a proportion of the remaining neurones. Alpha-synuclein has been identified as the main component of the Lewy bodies.", 'The main component ... | ['Alpha-synuclein'] |
List protein gel staining methods visualizing the entire protein set. | ['DIGE requires the labelling of proteins by fluorochromes prior to their separation on 2DE gels. ', 'Stains-All (ISA) staining method for phosphoproteins in SDS-PAGE was described.', ' Pro-Q Diamond stain', 'Quantitative proteome analyses suggest that the well-established stain colloidal Coomassie Blue, when used as a... | ['Several staining protocols for the visualization of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE have been described in literature: \nfluorescence\nSypro Ruby\nColloidal Coomassie Blue\nCoomassie Blue\nSilver staining\nCoomassie Brilliant Blue'] | ['fluorochromes', 'fluorescence', 'Sypro Ruby', 'Colloidal Coomassie Blue', 'Coomassie Blue', 'Silver staining', 'Coomassie Brilliant Blue'] |
Which is the main abnormality that arises with Sox9 locus duplication? | ['Autosomal XX sex reversal caused by duplication of SOX9', 'Mutations of SOX9 leading to haploinsufficiency can cause campomelic dysplasia and XY sex reversal', 'We report here evidence supporting that SOX9 duplication can cause XX sex reversal', 'Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a BAC clone containing th... | ['The 46,XX testicular disorder of sex development (DSD), also known as 46,XX male syndrome, is a rare form of DSD and clinical phenotype shows complete sex reversal from female to male. A complex network of genes determines sex in mammals. Differentiation of testicular tissue in 46,XX individuals is seen either in XX ... | ['Autosomal XX sex reversal'] |
Do RNA:DNA hybrids preferentially form in high or low GC regions? | ['Intrinsic termination signals for multisubunit bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) encode a GC-rich stem-loop structure followed by a polyuridine [poly(U)] tract, and it has been proposed that steric clash of the stem-loop with the exit pore of the RNAP imposes a shearing force on the RNA in the downstream RNA:DNA hybr... | ['Transcription through a GC-rich region favors R-loop formation, with the nascent (G-rich) RNA forming a stable RNA:DNA hybrid with the template DNA strand.'] | ['yes'] |
List Genes associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis | ['Exome Sequencing Identifies a Rare HSPG2 Variant Associated with Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis.', 'Overall, these findings demonstrate a novel role for kif6 in spinal development and identify a new candidate gene for human idiopathic scoliosis.', 'HL1 is of interest, as it encodes an axon guidance protein related to ... | ['Exome Sequencing Identifies a Rare HSPG2 Variant Associated with Familial Idiopathic Scoliosis.Overall, these findings demonstrate a novel role for kif6 in spinal development and identify a new candidate gene for human idiopathic scoliosis.', 'No genetic associations have yet been found to adolescent idiopathic scoli... | ['no associations found yet'] |
What is the reason for the narcolepsy cases developed after H1N1 influenza vaccination? | ['The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility. ', 'The loss of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin (hcrt) producing neurons causes narcolepsy with cataplexy. An... | ['The proposed mechanism for postvaccination narcolepsy is one in which an environmental trigger causes or enhances an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in patients with a preexisting genetic susceptibility.'] | [] |
What is the Timothy syndrome? | ['A point mutation in the gene encoding Ca(V)1.2 causes Timothy syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).', 'o circumvent this issue, we have developed a method using human-induced pluripotent stem cells to generate cardiomyocytes from individuals with Timothy syndrome (T... | ['Timothy syndrome is a multisystem disorder characterized by cardiac, hand/foot, facial, and neurodevelopmental features. The two forms are type 1 (classic) and type 2, a rare form caused by mutations in a transcript variant of the same gene. Cardiac findings include a rate-corrected QT interval of between 480 ms and ... | [] |
What role does CRD-BP play in protecting c-myc mRNA? | ['["CRD-BP shields c-myc and MDR-1 RNA from endonucleolytic attack by a mammalian endoribonuclease", "The c-myc mRNA coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP) has high affinity for the coding region determinant (CRD) of c-myc mRNA. Such affinity is believed to protect c-myc CRD from endonucleolytic attack", " ... | CRD-BP plays a role in protecting c-myc mRNA by preventing its endonucleolytic cleavage, shielding the mRNA from degradation and thereby stabilizing it. | [] |
What is the role of Inn1 in cytokinesis? | ['Inn1 and Cyk3 regulate chitin synthase during cytokinesis in budding yeasts', 'Our data support a model in which the C2-domain of Inn1 acts in conjunction with Cyk3 to regulate the catalytic domain of Chs2 during cytokinesis.', 'Cdc14-dependent dephosphorylation of Inn1 contributes to Inn1-Cyk3 complex formation', 'C... | ['Inn1 associates with the contractile actomyosin ring at the end of mitosis and is needed for cytokinesis. Inn1 has a C2 domain at the amino terminus of the protein that is required for ingression of the plasma membrane during cytokinesis in budding yeast, whereas the remainder of the protein recruits Inn1 to the acto... | [] |
Is there any evidence of dysregulated long non coding RNAs and Alzheimer's disease? | ["lncRNAs in central nervous system (CNS) development and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD)", "(lncRNA) within mRNA sequences of Alzheimer's disease genes, namely, APP, APOE, PSEN1, and PSEN2", "sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1) is a risk gene for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD)", 'no... | ['It is becoming increasingly evident that long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer (AD). BACE1-AS, GDNFOS and 17A are examples of these lncRNAs. In some instances those lncRNAs are embedded or transcribed from the opposite strand of coding genes.'] | [] |
Is infertility characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia? | ['PALB2 links BRCA1 and BRCA2 in homologous recombinational repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Mono-allelic mutations in PALB2 increase the risk of breast, pancreatic, and other cancers, and biallelic mutations cause Fanconi anemia (FA). ', 'Moreover, mutant males showed reduced fertility due to impaired meiosi... | ['Yes, infertility is characteristic of individuals with Fanconi anemia.'] | ['yes'] |
What is the association between h-index and academic rank in academic neurosurgery? | [' The contemporary h-index was found to be significantly predictive of NIH funding (p<0.001). ', 'Bibliometric indices are higher for those with NIH funding compared to those without, but only the contemporary h-index was shown to be predictive of NIH funding. ', 'However, when stratified by academic rank, a trend was... | ['Greater h-index is associated with greater academic rank in academic neurosurgery. The h indices increased significantly with increasing academic rank, with the median for instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors was shown to be 2, 5, 10, and 19, respectively. In addition, h-index was s... | [] |
Is siltuximab effective for Castleman disease? | ['Siltuximab: a targeted therapy for idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.', 'The recent approvals in North America, Europe and Brazil of siltuximab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-6, for iMCD now provide a safe and effective therapy that targets a key aspect of pathogenesis. In the first ever randomized, placeb... | ['Yes, siltuximab , a chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody to IL6, is approved for the treatment of patients with multicentric Castleman disease who are human immunodeficiency virus negative and human herpesvirus-8 negative.'] | ['yes'] |
List FDA approved treatments for androgenetic allopecia | ['Topical minoxidil 2%-5% 1 mL twice daily or finasteride 1 mg daily are recommended as first line treatments, followed by the use of Food and Drug Administration-cleared HairMax LaserComb® in patients who do not respond to first line modalities.', 'Recently, in addition to the two currently approved U.S. Food and Drug... | ['Recently, in addition to the two currently approved U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) medications (minoxidil and finasteride), a novel device was FDA-approved for the treatment of hair loss, the laser hair comb.'] | ['Minoxidil', 'Finasteride', 'Laser hair comb'] |
Is cadasil syndrome a hereditary disease? | [' CADASIL is the most frequent hereditary small-vessel disease of the brain. The clinical impact of various MR imaging markers has been repeatedly studied in this disorder, but alterations of contrast between gray matter and normal-appearing white matter remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contra... | ['Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited cerebral small vessel disease, clinically characterized by migraine, recurrent transient ischemic attacks or strokes, psychiatric disorders and cognitive decline. Strokes are typically ischemic, while ... | ['yes'] |
How does Apolipoprotein E4 contribute to the risk of cognitive decline and late onset Alzheimer's disease? | ['["Apolipoprotein E4 (E4) and type 2 diabetes are major risk factors for cognitive decline and late onset Alzheimer\'s disease (AD)", "Cardiovascular risk factors, especially hypertension, are also major risk factors for Alzheimer\'s disease (AD).", "Clusterin (Apo J) is one of the major risk factors for sporadic form... | Apolipoprotein E4 (E4) is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). | [] |
What are the clinical trial outcomes of metformin use in polycystic ovary disease? | ['It has been demonstrated that by reducing hyperinsulinemia, in particular with the administration of metformin, insulin-lowering agents might improve endocrine and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS patients.', 'Metformin has failed to gain wide acceptance as a first-line treatment option for women with anovulatory i... | ['Metformin treatment vs placebo significantly but modestly improves ovulation frequency in women with abnormal ovarian function/oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries, the lower BMI women were more likely to become pregnant. While in naturally conceiving normal weight PCOS women pre-treatment with metformin tends to ... | [] |
Which is the prognostic impact of hypothyroidism in patients with acute myocardial infarction? | ['In-hospital cardiogenic shock (15% vs 3% in the control group; p<0.01) and death (7% vs 1% in the control group; p<0.01) were more frequently observed in the thyroid dysfunction group. ', 'Thyroid dysfunction, particularly sick euthyroid syndrome, was found to be related to in-hospital and long term mortality in pati... | ['Thyroid dysfunction, particularly low T3 syndrome, is a strong predictor of short-term and long-term poor prognoses in patients with acute myocardial infarctions.'] | ['Low T3 Syndrome isassociatedwithpoor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction'] |
What molecule is targeted by suvorexant? | ['Suvorexant is the first DORA to be approved and has demonstrated efficacy at decreasing both time to sleep onset and increasing total sleep time compared with placebo. ', 'Suvorexant: a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia.', 'CONCLUSION: Suvorexant is the fi... | ['Suvorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia.'] | ['orexin'] |
How does Twinkle protein impact DNA stability near human mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints? | ['["n this work, we performed a computational analysis of the human mitochondrial genome using the \\"Pattern Finder\\" G-quadruplex (G4) predictor algorithm to assess whether G4-forming sequences reside in close proximity (within 20 base pairs) to known mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints.", "Circular dichroism and... | The Twinkle protein impacts DNA stability near human mitochondrial DNA deletion breakpoints by inefficiently unwinding G-quadruplex DNA structures formed by sequences proximal to the deletion breakpoints. This inefficient unwinding is observed for intermolecular, intramolecular, and unimolecular G4 substrates derived f... | [] |
How many different mutations have been associated with Muenke syndrome? | ['Muenke syndrome is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome resulting from a defining point mutation in the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor3 (FGFR3) gene. ', 'The associated of FGFR3 mutations with craniosynostosis has been restricted to three mutations, the common p.Pro250Arg in Muenke syndrome, p.Ala391Glu... | ['Muenke syndrome, also known as FGFR3-associated coronal synostosis, is defined molecularly by the presence of a heterozygous nucleotide transversion, c.749C>G, encoding the amino acid substitution Pro250Arg, in the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 gene (FGFR3).'] | ['One'] |
Has whole exome sequencing been performed in Alzheimer patients? | ["Pilot whole-exome sequencing of a German early-onset Alzheimer's disease cohort reveals a substantial frequency of PSEN2 variants.", 'We performed whole-exome sequencing in early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) families followed by functional studies of select variants.', 'Whole... | ['Yes, numerous whole exome sequencing studies of ALzheimer patients have been conducted.'] | ['yes'] |
Which genes are thought to be involved in medulloblastoma development? | ['Medulloblastomas, the most frequent malignant brain tumours affecting children, comprise at least 4 distinct clinicogenetic subgroups. Aberrant sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling is observed in approximately 25% of tumours and defines one subgroup. Although alterations in SHH pathway genes (e.g. PTCH1, SUFU) are observe... | ['Medulloblastomas are the most frequent malignant brain tumors affecting children. Disease development has been suggested to be associated with a significant number of genes, such as PTCH1, SUFU, PTEN, CREBBP, PTEN, MYT1L, NFIA, NFIB, TEAD1, TGIF2, IGF2, PCDH10, BMI1, MYC, OTX2, RASSF1A, HIC1, and CASP8.'] | ['PTCH1', 'SUFU', 'PTEN', 'CREBBP', 'PTEN', 'MYT1L', 'NFIA', 'NFIB', 'TEAD1', 'TGIF2', 'IGF2', 'PCDH10', 'BMI1', 'MYC', 'OTX2', 'RASSF1A', 'HIC1', 'CASP8'] |
Which hormone abnormalities are common in Williams syndrome ? | ['WS and TD participants had similar profiles in a familiar setting, while participants with WS had elevated cortisol late in the day in the novel setting when social demands were higher. The cortisol awakening response in WS was associated with parent-reported levels of somatic complaints and social difficulties. Resu... | ['Thyroid hormone abnormalities are common in Williams syndrome. Oxytocin and vasopressin, cortisol, growth hormone and calcitonin were also implicated in the Williams syndrome.'] | ['thyroid'] |
How could we infer functional associations from gene fusion events? | ['Gene fusion is an important evolutionary process. It can yield valuable information to infer the interactions and functions of proteins.', 'We have developed a Bayesian framework to infer phosphorylation networks from time series measurements of phosphosite concentrations upon ligand stimulation. To increase the pred... | ["The detection of gene fusion events across genomes can be used for the prediction of functional associations of proteins, based on the observation that related proteins in one organism (including physically interacting proteins/members of complexes, proteins involved in the same pathway) tend to be found in other spe... | [] |
How many clinical trials for off-label drugs in neonates are cited in the literature. | ['Of the 17 Paediatric Investigation Plans submitted, 14 have resulted in an EMA Decision, 3 were withdrawn by the applicants, 8 were granted a full waiver from development, and 1 resulted in a negative opinion. Decisions as issued included 15 clinical trials, with at least 1,282 children to be recruited into studies a... | ['There are no reports on clinical trials of off-label drugs in neonates. An analysis of Pediatric Investigation Plans submitted between 2007 and 2010 shows that neonates were included in the study of 4 products, but it is unknown if the trial drugs are off-label and if the trials are being conducted at all.'] | ['none', '0', 'zero'] |
Is CD56 useful in Ewing sarcoma prognosis? | ['Excellent prognosis in a subset of patients with Ewing sarcoma identified at diagnosis by CD56 using flow cytometry', 'There was a highly significant correlation between CD56 expression and progression-free survival (PFS; 69% in low/negative expression versus 30% in high expression groups, P = 0.024)', 'In patients w... | ['Excellent prognosis in a subset of patients with Ewing sarcoma identified at diagnosis by CD56 using flow cytometryIn patients with localized nonpelvic disease, those expressing low/negative CD56 had 100% PFS versus 40% in the high expressing group (P = 0.02)', 'CD56 expression could be used to reveal Ewing sarcoma p... | ['yes'] |
Gene silencing can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organisms. What is the name of the analogous process in prokaryotic organisms? | ['he CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR-associated genes) is an adaptive immunity system in bacteria and archaea that functions via a distinct self-non-self recognition mechanism that is partially analogous to the mechanism of eukaryotic RNA interference (RNAi).', 'RNA-guided ... | ['Bacteria have developed several defense mechanisms against bacteriophages over evolutionary time, but the concept of prokaryotic RNA interference mediated defense mechanism against phages and other invading genetic elements has emerged only recently. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ... | ['CRISPR-Cas'] |
What are the pyknons? | ['Using an unsupervised pattern-discovery method, we processed the human intergenic and intronic regions and catalogued all variable-length patterns with identically conserved copies and multiplicities above what is expected by chance. Among the millions of discovered patterns, we found a subset of 127,998 patterns, te... | ['Using an unsupervised pattern-discovery method, the human intergenic and intronic regions were processed and all variable-length patterns with identically conserved copies and multiplicities above what is expected by chance were catalogued. Among the millions of discovered patterns, a subset of 127,998 patterns was f... | [] |
Which genes have been found mutated in Gray platelet syndrome patients? | ['We detected a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor GFI1B (growth factor independent 1B) that causes autosomal dominant gray platelet syndrome. ', 'The genetic defect responsible for gray platelet syndrome was recently identified in biallelic mutations in the NBEAL2 gene.', 'Here we show tha... | ['The genetic defects responsible for gray platelet syndrome are mutations in the genes NBEAL2, GATA1 and GFI1B.', 'The genetic defect responsible for gray platelet syndrome was recently identified in biallelic mutations in the NBEAL2 gene.\nA nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the transcription factor GFI1B (growt... | ['neurobeachin-like 2', 'NBEAL2', 'GATA1', 'GFI1B'] |
Is Ctf4 involved in sister chromatid cohesion establishment? | ['In addition to Eco1, several other factors contribute to cohesion establishment, including Ctf4, Ctf18, Tof1, Csm3, Chl1 and Mrc1, but little is known about their roles. Here, we show that each of these factors facilitates cohesin acetylation. Moreover, the absence of Ctf4 and Chl1, but not of the other factors, caus... | ['Yes. Ctf4 is associated with the replisome and is required for proper establishment of cohesion by facilitating cohesin acetylation.'] | ['yes'] |
Which is the main calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | ['sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump (SERCA)', 'the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA)', 'SERCA, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium pump, is solely responsible for transporting cytosolic calcium into the ER lumen.', 'Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for calcium ho... | ['Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for calcium homeostasis. SERCA is a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores.'] | ['Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase', 'SERCA', 'serca2'] |
Is PER3 required for CHK2 activation in human cells? | ['Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells.', 'Per3 overexpression induced Chk2 activation in the absence of exogenous DNA damage,', 'Per3 overexpres... | ['Depletion of Per3 by siRNA almost completely abolished activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) after inducing DNA damage in human cells.Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells.', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is required for Chk2 activation in human cells. ', 'Per3, a circadian gene, is re... | ['yes'] |
Is the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle affected in inflammation? | ['In this study, the levels of amino acids and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) cycle-related molecules in the colonic tissues and sera of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were profiled by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), with the aim of evaluating whether the clinical state induced by UC leads to variation... | ['Metabolic reprogramming is implicated in macrophage activation. In many cases, intermediates of the TCA cycle are involved in the response to hypoxic conditions brought about by inflammation.'] | ['yes'] |
Willis-Ekbom disease is also known as? | ['Defining the phenotype of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED): a clinical and polysomnographic study.', 'Clinical features variability between familial and sporadic restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED) has been previously reported. With this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to d... | ['Restless legs syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), is a common movement disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move because of uncomfortable, sometimes painful sensations in the legs with a diurnal variation and a release with movement.'] | ['Restless legs syndrome'] |
What is the cause of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum? | ['Phthiriasis palpebrarum is an uncommon cause of blepharoconjunctivitis in which Pthirus pubis infest the eyelashes. We report a case of unilateral phthiriasis palpebrarum with crab louse. ', 'BACKGROUND: Pediculosis capitis is a common parasitic infestation, whereas phthiriasis palpebrarum is an uncommon infection du... | ['Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare eyelid infestation caused by phthirus pubis.'] | ['Pthirus pubis'] |
Which acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for treatment of myasthenia gravis? | ['Pyridostigmine is the most widely used acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.', 'For more than 50 years the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine bromide has been the drug of choice in the symptomatic therapy for myasthenia gravis. ', 'The switch to SR-Pyr ameliorated the total quantified myasthenia gravis (QMG) sco... | ['Pyridostigmine and neostygmine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that are used as first-line therapy for symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis. Pyridostigmine is the most widely used acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Extended release pyridotsygmine and novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibitors with oral a... | ['neostigmine', 'pyridostigmine'] |
Do A-type lamins bind euchromatin or heterochromatin? | ['These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Δ8-11/Δ8-11) mice', 'Lmna(Δ9/Δ9) MEFs ex... | ['These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Δ8-11/Δ8-11) mice', 'Comparative genomic... | ['Both euchromatin and heterochromatin'] |
What is the results of inactivated ANGPLT3? | ['Although it appears by now that the main lipid pathways have been uncovered, and that only modulators or adaptor proteins such as those encoded by LDLRAP1, APOA5, ANGPLT3/4, and PCSK9 are currently being discovered', 'Angptl3 knockout mice have marked hypolipidemia, and heterozygous carriers of ANGPLT3, loss-of-funct... | ['Complete ANGPTL3 deficiency caused by loss-of-function mutations of ANGPTL3 is associated with a recessive hypolipidemia'] | ['Recessive hypolipidemia'] |
What is the general function of H3K79 methylation? | ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells lacking Dot1 exhibit a complete loss of H3K79 methylation and defects in heterochromatin-mediated silencing', 'Furthermore, an acidic patch at the C terminus of Dot1 is required for histone H4 tail binding in vitro, histone H3K79 di- and trimethylation in vivo, and proper telomere silen... | ['ChIP-chip tiling arrays revealed that levels of all degrees of genic H3K79 methylation correlate with mRNA abundance and dynamically respond to changes in gene activity. ', 'ChIP-chip tiling arrays revealed that levels of all degrees of genic H3K79 methylation correlate with mRNA abundance and dynamically respond to ... | [] |
What is DeepCAGE? | ["The cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) technology has been established to detect transcriptional starting sites (TSSs) and expression levels by utilizing 5' cDNA tags and PCR. It has been reported that the amount of templates is proportional to the amplification efficiency of PCR. CAGE has been used as a key tech... | ["The cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) technology has been established to detect transcriptional starting sites (TSSs) and expression levels by utilizing 5' cDNA tags and PCR. It has been reported that the amount of templates is proportional to the amplification efficiency of PCR. CAGE has been used as a key tech... | [] |
How many genes are imprinted in the human genome? | ['Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer predisposition. ', 'By applying dsPIG to the mRNA-Seq data, we predicted 94 imprinted genes in 20 cerebellum samples and 57 imprinted genes in 9 diverse tissue samples with expected low false discovery rate... | ['Among approximately 70 known imprinted genes are some causing disorders affecting growth, metabolism and cancer predisposition. ', 'Approximately 150 imprinted genes are known to date, in humans and mice but, though computational searches have tried to extract intrinsic characteristics of these genes to identify new ... | [' fewer than 100'] |
Could hypophosphatemic rickets cause craniosynostosis? | ['This study examines a series of patients with hypophosphatemic rickets and craniosynostosis to characterize the clinical course and associated craniofacial anomalies. ', 'Hypophosphatemic rickets and craniosynostosis: a multicenter case series.', 'A 20-year retrospective review identified patients with hypophosphatem... | ['Yes, hypophosphatemic rickets could cause craniosynostosis.'] | ['yes'] |
Is Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) a critical regulator of hematopoiesis? | ['Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) protein is involved in Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4)-mediated transcriptional repression in hematopoietic stem cells', 'shRNA-mediated knockdown of LSD1 in hematopoietic precursor cells resulted in altered SALL4 downstream gene expression and increased cellular activity', 'ou... | ['Yes. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 restricts hematopoietic progenitor proliferation and is essential for terminal differentiation of erythroid, granulomonocytic and megakaryocytic progenitors.'] | ['yes'] |
Are Ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) enriched in segmental duplications? | ['Here we address the process by which CNVs become depleted of UCEs.', 'We begin by showing that depletion for UCEs characterizes the most recent large-scale human CNV datasets and then find that even newly formed de novo CNVs, which have passed through meiosis at most once, are significantly depleted for UCEs.', 'In s... | ['ULEs are located in intergenic or intronic regions and are depleted from segmental duplications. In addition, here we show that these elements are preferentially found in pathogenic deletions (enrichment ratio 3.6 vs. 0.5 in duplications), and that this association is not related with a higher content of genes.', 'we... | ['no'] |
What is the mechanism of DNA replication termination in vertebrates? | ['Eukaryotic DNA replication terminates when replisomes from adjacent replication origins converge. Termination involves local completion of DNA synthesis, decatenation of daughter molecules and replisome disassembly.', 'We show that DNA synthesis does not slow detectably as forks approach each other, and that leading ... | ['Eukaryotic DNA replication terminates when replisomes from adjacent replication origins converge. Termination involves local completion of DNA synthesis, decatenation of daughter molecules and replisome disassembly. DNA synthesis does not slow detectably as forks approach each other, and leading strands pass each oth... | [] |
Describe ATR-16 syndrome. | ['ATR-16 syndrome is due to alterations on chromosome 16p13.3, and is usually accompanied by alpha-thalassemia, mild-moderate mental retardation, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal and genitourinary malformations.', 'Alpha thalassemia retardation associated with chromosome16 (ATR-16 syndrome) is defined as a contiguo... | ['ATR-16 syndrome is due to alterations on chromosome 16p13.3, and is usually accompanied by alpha-thalassemia, mild-moderate mental retardation, dysmorphic facial features, skeletal and genitourinary malformations.'] | [] |
What gene is mutated in Sickle Cell Anemia? | ['Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder. SCA patients present clinical and hematologic variability that cannot be only explained by the single mutation in the beta-globin gene.', 'Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by the HBB:c.20A>T mutation that leads to hemoglobin S s... | ['Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by by the HBB:c.20A>T mutation that leads to hemoglobin S synthesis.', ' sca patients present clinical and hematologic variability that cannot be only explained by the single mutation in the beta-globin gene.'] | ['HBB'] |
Describe the mechanism of action of aliskiren. | ['Preliminary assignment a direct renin inhibitor aliskiren enhances the diuretic, natriuretic and kaliyuretic effects of the drug. ', 'Aliskiren: An orally active renin inhibitor.', 'Optimization of this compound by Novartis led to the development of aliskiren - the only direct renin inhibitor which is clinically used... | ['Aliskiren is a low-molecular-weight, orally active, hydrophilic non-peptide molecule that blocks renin and consequential angiotensin I generation. Renin inhibition interrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).'] | [] |
Which disease phenotypes are associated to PRPS1 mutations? | ['X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Arts syndrome, and prelingual non-syndromic deafness form a disease continuum: evidence from a family with a novel PRPS1 mutation', 'X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5), Arts syndrome, and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2) are allelic syndromes, caused b... | ['X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5), Arts syndrome, and non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2) are allelic syndromes, caused by reduced activity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase 1 (PRS-I) due to loss-of-function mutations in PRPS1.'] | ['X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 5 (CMTX5)', 'Arts syndrome', 'Non-syndromic sensorineural deafness (DFN2)'] |
Does cucumber lower blood sugar in diabetics? | ['The ethanolic extract of Cucumis sativus Linn, Cucumis melo utilissimum Roxb, Cucumis melo Linn, Benincasa hispida Thunb Cogn and Tricosanthes anguina Nees, when administered in 250 mg/kg dose, orally to rats failed to lower blood sugar or to depress the peak value, after glucose load.', 'Ethanolic extract of Tricosa... | ['Yes. Based on several scientific reports, ethanolic extract of cucumber and some other Cucurbitaceae plants are associated with a significant reduction of elevated blood glucose level, suggesting that cucumber could have antidiabetic activity.'] | ['yes'] |
Is the JNK pathway activated during liver regeneration? | ['analysis of the role of JNK signaling pathway in regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis of rat liver regeneration', 'paths of JNK signaling pathway regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in both LR', 'c-jun is not mandatory for mouse hepatocyte proliferation ', 'Mice lacking c-jun in the liver display impaire... | ['Yes, the Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is strongly activated after partial hepatectomy.'] | ['yes'] |
Which are the main features of CREST and other ALS-linked proteins? | ['Similar to several proteins implicated in ALS, CREST contains a prion-like domain and was reported to be a component of paraspeckles.', 'Like several other ALS-associated proteins, CREST is recruited to induced stress granules.', 'CREST and certain other ALS-linked proteins share several features implicated in ALS pa... | ['CREST and certain other ALS-linked proteins share several features implicated in ALS pathogenesis, namely the ability to aggregate, be recruited to stress granules and alter paraspeckle integrity.', 'Similar to several proteins implicated in ALS, CREST contains a prion-like domain and was reported to be a component o... | [] |
Has Denosumab (Prolia) been approved by FDA? | ['Denosumab is a RANK-ligand antibody that was approved by the FDA in 2010 for the prevention of skeletal fractures in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors.', ' The authors present the imaging findings and technical report of an attempted percutaneous vertebroplasty in the only patient found to be actively u... | ['Yes, Denosumab was approved by the FDA in 2010.'] | ['yes'] |
The MMR vaccine protects against what 3 viruses? | [' measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine ', 'Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine is a live vaccine preparation containing attenuated strains of all 3 viruses.'] | ['The MMR vaccine provides immunity to measles, mumps and rubella.', ' measles, mumps and rubella (mmr) vaccine .'] | ['Measles', 'Mumps', 'Rubella'] |
Patients of which disease could be treated by utilizing knowledge obtained from experiments suppressing TDP-43 toxicity in yeast? | ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor neurons. Mutations in the gene encoding TDP-43 cause some forms of the disease, and cytoplasmic TDP-43 aggregates accumulate in degenerating neurons of most individuals with ALS. Thus, strategies aimed at targetin... | ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).', 'The strongest suppressor of TDP-43 toxicity was deletion of DBR1, which encodes an RNA lariat debranching enzyme. We show that, in the absence of Dbr1 enzymatic activity, intronic lariats accumulate in the cytoplasm and likely act as decoys to sequester TDP-43, preventing it fr... | ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)'] |
What is the purpose of the Tokuhashi scoring system? | [' Those referring to representative scoring systems about predicting the survival of patients with metastatic spine tumors were used. The significance and limits of these scoring systems, and the future perspectives were described. Tokuhashi score, Tomita score, Baur score, Linden score, Rades score, and Katagiri scor... | ['Tokuhashi scoring system was developed to predict life expectancy of patients with spinal metastases. The revised Tokuhashi score has been widely used to evaluate indications for surgery and predict survival in patients with metastatic spinal disease.'] | [] |
What is the number of long non coding RNAs in the human genome | ['The recent ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) study reported 9,640 lncRNA loci in the human genome, which corresponds to around half the number of protein-coding genes. ', 'Over 18,000 transcripts are presently annotated as lncRNA, and encompass previously annotated classes of noncoding transcripts including large... | ['Different estimates put currently the number of human long non coding RNAs between 10,000 and 20,000'] | ['between 10,000 and 20,000'] |
Which are the typical symptoms of Ménière's disease? | ["To evaluate the onset of vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus in Ménière's disease and the associated endolymphatic hydrops (EH) of the inner ear.", 'We suggest that a 3T MRI measurement should be carried out in patients with sensory-neural hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus, 4 h after the intravenous injection of a ga... | ["The typical symptoms of Ménière's disease are:\n1) sensorineural hearing loss, \n2) vertigo and \n3) tinnitus."] | ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'hypoacusia', 'vertigo', 'dizziness', 'tinnitus'] |
Is there an association between c-reactive protein concentrations and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients? | ['Besides the baseline characteristics, daily interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin, C-reactive protein levels, and leukocyte counts were prospectively measured until day 14 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Occurrence of infectious complications and application of therapeutic hypothermia were assessed as confounding factor... | ['Yes. Higher concentrations of C-reactive protein are associated with worse outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.'] | ['yes'] |
Which deiodinases are best known to be present in brain? | ['In brain, the presence of type III iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) seems to be important to maintain homeostasis of T(3) levels.', 'We were able to detect a protein fragment corresponding to the expected molecular mass (30 kDa) for type III deiodinase by means of Western blot analysis. RT-PCR as well as Northern blot a... | ['All the 3 deiodinases (Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 deiodinase) are present in the "brain" but Type 1 deiodinase is only found in neurohypophysis that cannot be actually considered true "brain tissue".'] | ['Type 2 deiodinase', 'Type 3 deiodinase'] |
What is promoted by ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization? | ['ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency.', 'In this study, we produced stabilized ERAP1-ERAP2 heterodimers and found that they produced several mature epitopes more efficiently than a mix of the two enzymes unable to dimerize. Physical interaction with ERAP2 changes basic enzymatic parameters o... | ['ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency.', 'ERAP1-ERAP2 dimerization increases peptide-trimming efficiency. ERAP1-ERAP2 heterodimers produce several mature epitopes more efficiently than a mix of the two enzymes unable to dimerize. Physical interaction with ERAP2 changes basic enzymatic paramet... | [] |
What is the function of R-spondin 1 and noggin in non-damaged gallbladders? | ['R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders.', 'R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders.'] | ['R-spondin 1 and noggin facilitate expansion of resident stem cells from non-damaged gallbladders.'] | ['The expansion of resident stem cells.'] |
Is there any research that relates the function of Notch Signaling with Alzheimer Disease? | ["RIP regulates signaling pathways by abrogating or releasing signaling molecules. Since the discovery, already >15 years ago, of its catalytic component, presenilin, and even much earlier with the identification of amyloid precursor protein as its first substrate, γ-secretase has been commonly associated with Alzheime... | ["Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway, which is fundamental for neuronal development and specification. In the last decade, increasing evidence has pointed out an important role of this pathway beyond embryonic development, indicating that Notch also displays a critical function in the mature brain o... | ['yes'] |
List proteins of lipids droplets | ['The perilipins are a multi-protein family that targets lipid droplet surfaces and regulates lipid storage and hydrolysis.', 'or the abundance of the lipid droplet coat proteins (perilipins 2, 3, 4, and 5) between treatments. ', 'This study investigated the lipid droplet coat proteins perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and perilipin... | ['perilipins\nadipose differentiation-related protein\nlipid storage droplet protein 5 \ntail-interacting protein of 47 kilodaltons \nS3-12'] | ['perilipins', 'adipose differentiation-related protein', 'ADFP', 'LSDP5', 'lipid storage droplet protein 5', 'tail-interacting protein of 47 kilodaltons', 'TIP47', 'S3-12'] |
Which are the cardiac effects of thyronamines? | ['Most recently, thyroid hormone derivatives were identified, the thyronamines which are decarboxylated thyroid hormones initiating physiological actions like lowering body temperature and heart rate, thereby acting in opposite direction to the classical thyroid hormones.', 'Intraperitoneal or central injection of 3-T(... | ['Thyronamines have negative chronotropy, negative inotropy; in particular thyronamines are considered negative inotropic agents', 'In the heart, thyronamines cause negative chronotropy, negative inotropy,reduced cardiac output and resistance to ischemic injury.'] | ['negative chronotropy', 'lower heart rate', 'negative inotropy', 'negative inotropism', 'resistance to ischemic injury', 'reduced cardiac output'] |
Are retroviruses used for gene therapy? | ['Several immunodeficiencies have been treated successfully by stem cell-targeted, retroviral-mediated gene transfer with reconstitution of the immune system following infusion of the transduced cells.', 'In this work we have developed and tested a self-inactivating (SIN) gammaretroviral vector (SINfes.gp91s) containin... | ['Gene therapy is one of the most promising and active fields in therapeutic research. Gene therapy is a treatment option that introduces genetic material in vivo or ex vivo into the cells of an affected organism in order to: exchange a defective gene; manipulate a disease-related gene; or introduce an additional gene ... | ['yes'] |
What is the extracellular core "matrisome"? | ['Over 300 ECM molecules have been defined as comprising the "core matrisome" in mammals through the analysis of whole genome sequences. ', 'Completion of genome sequences for many organisms allows a reasonably complete definition of the complement of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. In mammals this "core matrisome... | ['The "matrisome" is defined as the ensemble of extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) proteins and associated factors. The core matrisome have been defined in mammals through the analysis of whole genome sequences and comprises of ~ 300 proteins.'] | [] |
Is there any relationship between histone ubiquitylation and splicing? | ['histone H2B-specific deubiquitinase and demonstrate that H2B deubiquitination by USP49 is required for efficient cotranscriptional splicing of a large set of exons.', 'H2B monoubiquitylation (H2BK123ub1) marks introns in Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'H2B ubiquitination by facilitating splicing', 'pre-mRNA splicing play... | ['Yes, in the case of histone H2B'] | ['yes'] |
What is the target of daratumumab? | ['Dominantly daratumumab (anti-CD38) and elotuzumab (anti-CS1) showed extraordinary effectiveness in phase I/II trials.', 'In the last few weeks, the FDA approved three new therapies for multiple myeloma: ixazomib, the first oral proteasome inhibitor; and daratumumab and elotuzumab, two monoclonal antibodies that targe... | ['Daratumumab is a fully human anti-CD38 IgG1-κ monoclonal antibody. It is approved for treatment of multiple myeloma.'] | ['CD38'] |
List features of the Kaufman Oculocerebrofacial Syndrome. | ['A pair of sisters was ascertained for multiple congenital defects, including marked craniofacial dysmorphisms with blepharophimosis, and severe psychomotor delay. ', 'Genetic syndromes involving both brain and eye abnormalities are numerous and include syndromes such as Warburg micro syndrome, Kaufman oculocerebrofac... | ['Clinical features of the Kaufman Oculocerebrofacial Syndrome include hypotonia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, low cholesterol levels, microcephaly, long narrow face, ocular anomalies, and long thin hands and feet.'] | ['hypotonia', 'developmental delay', 'intellectual disability', 'low cholesterol levels', 'microcephaly', 'long narrow face', 'ocular anomalies', 'long thin hands and feet'] |
Which is the defective protein causing the lysosomal storage disease Fabry? | ['The lysosomal storage disorder Fabry disease is characterized by excessive globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation in major organs such as the heart and kidney. Defective lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (Gla) is responsible for excessive Gb3 accumulation, and one cell sensitive to the effects of Gb3 accumulation is ... | ['Anderson-Fabry disease (referred to as Fabry disease) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A and the subsequent accumulation in various tissues of globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)), the main substrate of the defective enzyme.'] | ['alpha-galactosidase A'] |
What is Sotos syndrome? | ['Sotos syndrome is a well-known overgrowth syndrome characterized by excessive growth during childhood, macrocephaly, distinctive facial appearance and learning disability', 'Sotos syndrome (SoS) is a multiple anomaly, congenital disorder characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features and varia... | ['Sotos syndrome is a well-known overgrowth syndrome characterized by excessive growth during childhood, macrocephaly, distinctive facial appearance and learning disability', 'Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with a distinct phenotypic spectrum including excessive growth during childhood, macrocephaly, distinc... | [] |
What is the aim of the TRAP assay? | ['Positive activity by the telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was identified in cell extracts of Escherichia coli expressing a sequence-optimized hTERT gene', 'The regulatory role of PCDH10 in telomerase activity was confirmed by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, and the biological fu... | ['Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).'] | ['Telomerase enzyme activity can be detected in whole cell lysates by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method referred to as the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP).'] |
In which cells are A-type lamins expressed? | ['Antibodies specific for mouse A/C lamins, human A/C lamins, or B lamins have been used to define the lamin complement as a function of time in culture and of cell type. ', 'dramatic increase in lamin A/C-positive cells was observed in the first 3 days of culture with both accessory cells and macrophages expressing la... | ['In the rat brain, lamin A and C are expressed in relatively equal amounts, while the expressions of lamin B1 and B2 vary depending on the cell type. Human cells with reduced expression of the major B-type lamin protein, lamin B1, were generated using RNA interference. In addition, horizontal cells and a subpopulation... | ['late differentiating primary cells'] |
List algorithms suitable for predicting protein complexes | ['Protein complexes are basic cellular entities that carry out the functions of their components', 'we have designed several features characterizing heterodimeric protein complexes based on genomic data sets, and proposed a supervised-learning method for the prediction of heterodimeric protein complexes. This method le... | ['Protein-Protein interactions (PPI) play a key role in determining the outcome of most cellular processes. The correct identification and characterization of protein interactions and the networks, which they comprise, is critical for understanding the molecular mechanisms within the cell. Large-scale techniques such a... | ['Naïve Bayes Classifier', 'Negatome', 'Support Vector Machine', 'PEWCC', 'iPTMClust', 'NDComplex', 'PROCOMOSS', 'PPI network', 'metaPIS', 'EPOF', 'EAGLE', 'NFC', 'MCODE', 'DPClus', 'IPCA', 'CPM', 'MCL', 'CMC', 'SPICi', 'Core-Attachment', 'ProRank', 'ClusterONE', 'CFinder', 'Spectral', 'RNSC', 'Affinity Propagation', '... |
Is zolpidem an antibiotic? | ['Zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic drug that is metabolized mainly by CYP3A4.', 'FGIN-1-27 and alpidem, like the neurosteroid 3 alpha,21-dehydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-20-one (THDOC), clonazepam and zolpidem (the direct allosteric modulators of gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors) delay the onset of isoni... | ['No, zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic drug'] | ['no'] |
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