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Impact of demographic changes on the blood supply: Mecklenburg-West Pomerania as a model region for Europe.
|
BACKGROUND: The population structure in most European countries is currently changing with a shift from younger to older age groups. This study analyzed how demography will determine future blood demand and supply in a well-characterized region.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The population of the main catchment area of the University Hospital Greifswald (415,000 inhabitants) was projected to the year 2015 based on 1-year age groups provided by the population registry, based on 2002 rates assuming stable death rates and migration patterns. Data on donors and recipients for the years 1996 through 2004 were extracted from the database of the Department of Transfusion Medicine.RESULTS: Until 2015, the increase in the older population will result in an 11.8 to 13.9 percent increase of blood transfusions. Assuming constant motivation to donate blood as in 2004, the decrease in the younger population will cause a 27.5 to 32.6 percent decrease of blood donations until 2015.CONCLUSION: The increased demand for blood coincides with a significant reduction in blood donations. From 2008 the shortfalls will grow to 32 to 35 percent of the total demand in 2015 in the area studied. The demographic trends will affect many regions in Europe similarly. Coordinated efforts will be required to prevent blood shortages based on these demographic trends in western societies.
|
['Age Distribution', 'Blood Donors', 'Demography', 'Europe', 'Female', 'Germany', 'Health Services Needs and Demand', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Population Dynamics', 'Transplantation']
| 17,319,818
|
[['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.898.313'], ['I01.240', 'N01.224', 'N06.850.505.400'], ['Z01.542'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['N03.349.380.420', 'N05.300.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['E04.936']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
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Transmission of a 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus occurs before fever is detected, in the ferret model.
|
During the early phase of the 2009 influenza pandemic, attempts were made to contain the spread of the virus. Success of reactive control measures may be compromised if the proportion of transmission that occurs before overt clinical symptoms develop is high. In this study we investigated the timing of transmission of an early prototypic strain of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus in the ferret model. Ferrets are the only animal model in which this can be assessed because they display typical influenza-like clinical signs including fever and sneezing after infection. We assessed transmission from infected animals to sentinels that were placed either in direct contact or in adjacent cages, the latter reflecting the respiratory droplet (RD) transmission route. We found that pre-symptomatic influenza transmission occurred via both contact and respiratory droplet exposure before the earliest clinical sign, fever, developed. Three of 3 animals exposed in direct contact between day 1 and 2 after infection of the donor animals became infected, and 2/3 of the animals exposed at this time period by the RD route acquired the infection, with the third animal becoming seropositive indicating either a low level infection or significant exposure. Moreover, this efficient transmission did not temporally correlate with respiratory symptoms, such as coughs and sneezes, but rather with the peak viral titre in the nose. Indeed respiratory droplet transmission did not occur late in infection, even though this was when sneezing and coughing were most apparent. None of the 3 animals exposed at this time by the RD route became infected and these animals remained seronegative at the end of the experiment. These data have important implications for pandemic planning strategies and suggest that successful containment is highly unlikely for a human-adapted influenza virus that transmits efficiently within a population.
|
['Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Disease Outbreaks', 'Ferrets', 'Fever', 'Humans', 'Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype', 'Influenza, Human', 'Kinetics', 'Respiratory System', 'Time Factors']
| 22,952,661
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.374', 'G07.110'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['N06.850.290'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.575.350'], ['C23.888.119.344'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400.214'], ['C01.748.310', 'C01.925.782.620.365', 'C08.730.310'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A04'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Admission risk factors for cerebral vasospasm in ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: an observational study.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral vasospasm is a well-documented complication of aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage but has not been extensively studied in brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). Here, our purpose was to identify risk factors for cerebral vasospasm after BAVM rupture in patients requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.METHODS: Patients admitted to our ICU from January 2003 to May 2010 for BAVM rupture were included in this observational study. Clinical, laboratory and radiological features from admission to ICU discharge were recorded. The primary endpoint was cerebral vasospasm by transcranial Doppler (TCD-VS) or cerebral infarction (CI) associated with vasospasm. Secondary endpoints included the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at ICU discharge.RESULTS: Of 2,734 patients admitted to our ICU during the study period, 72 (2.6%) with ruptured BAVM were included. TCD-VS occurred in 12 (17%) and CI in 6 (8%) patients. All patients with CI had a previous diagnosis of TCD-VS. A Glasgow Coma Scale score <8 was a risk factor for both TCD-VS (relative risk (RR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.6 to 26) and CI (RR, 7.8; 95% CI, 0.1 to 63). Independent risk factors for TCD-VS by multivariate analysis were lower Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio (OR) per unit decrease, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.80), female gender (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.09 to 25.85), and younger age (OR per decade decrease, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.82). The risk of a poor outcome (GOS <4) at ICU discharge was non-significantly increased in the patients with TCD-VS (RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 0.7 to 35; P = 0.09). All six patients with CI had poor outcomes.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cohort study describing the incidence and risk factors for cerebral vasospasm after BAVM rupture. Larger studies are needed to investigate the significance of TCD-vasospasm and CI in these patients.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'France', 'Glasgow Coma Scale', 'Humans', 'Intensive Care Units', 'Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Patient Admission', 'Risk Factors', 'Rupture', 'Ultrasonography', 'Vasospasm, Intracranial']
| 21,831,293
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.250', 'E05.944.500', 'N04.452.859.564.800.250', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N02.278.388.493'], ['C10.228.140.300.520', 'C10.500.190.500', 'C14.240.850.750.295', 'C14.240.850.875.500', 'C14.907.150.295', 'C14.907.253.560.400', 'C16.131.240.850.750.295', 'C16.131.240.850.875.500', 'C16.131.666.190.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['E02.760.400.600', 'N02.421.585.400.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C26.761'], ['E01.370.350.850'], ['C10.228.140.300.900', 'C14.907.253.951']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effect of Salvia officinalis L. leaves on serum glucose and insulin in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
|
The leaves of sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) are reported to have a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-bacterial, fungistatic, virustatic, astringent, eupeptic and anti-hydrotic effects. To determine the hypoglycaemic effect of sage leaves, we investigated the effects of essential oil and methanolic effect of the plant on healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were made diabetic using by streptozotocin (70 mg/kg, i.p.). The methanolic extract (100, 250, 400 and 500 mg/kg) and essential oil (0.042, 0.125, 0.2 and 0.4 ml/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. The control groups were administered water and sunflower oil as vehicles of methanolic extract and essential oil, respectively. Blood samples were obtained from retro-orbital sinus before administration and 1, 3 and 5 h after administrations. The serum glucose was measured by the enzymatic method of glucose oxidase. The results showed that the essential oil of sage did not change serum glucose, while the plant extract significantly decreased serum glucose in diabetic rats in 3h without effect on insulin releasing from the pancreas but not in healthy rats. Also, the LD(50) of the methanolic extract is measured (4000 mg/kg, i.p.). The present data indicate that sage extract has hypoglycaemic effect on diabetic animals and the plant should be considered in future therapeutic researches.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Hypoglycemic Agents', 'Injections, Intraperitoneal', 'Insulin', 'Lethal Dose 50', 'Male', 'Methanol', 'Oils, Volatile', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Salvia', 'Solvents']
| 16,125,023
|
[['B01.050'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['C18.452.394.750.074', 'C19.246.240', 'E05.598.500.374'], ['D27.505.696.422'], ['E02.319.267.530.490'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['E05.940.402', 'G07.225.500', 'G07.690.773.875.750', 'G07.690.936.500.750'], ['D02.033.623'], ['D10.627.675'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.583.520.922'], ['D27.720.844']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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| 0
| 0
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| 0
|
Transcatheter embolization of uterine arteriovenous malformations.
|
A case of congenital arteriovenous malformation of the uterus in a 25-year-old woman with a long-standing history of recurrent menometrorrhagia is reported. Radiological diagnosis was based on hysterographic, computed tomographic, and angiographic findings. Treatment was performed with percutaneous transcatheter embolization.
|
['Adult', 'Angiography', 'Arteriovenous Malformations', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hysterosalpingography', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Uterus']
| 3,089,611
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.350.700.060', 'E01.370.370.050'], ['C14.240.850.750', 'C14.907.150', 'C16.131.240.850.750'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.700.325', 'E01.370.378.325'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['A05.360.319.679']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
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|
Crestal bone changes around titanium implants: a methodologic study comparing linear radiographic with histometric measurements.
|
Generally, endosseous implants can be placed according to a nonsubmerged or a submerged technique and in 1-piece or 2-piece configurations. Recently, it has been shown that peri-implant crestal bone reactions differ significantly radiographically as well as histometrically under such conditions and are dependent on a rough/smooth implant border in 1-piece implants and on the location of a microgap (interface) between the implant and the abutment/restoration in 2-piece configurations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether standardized radiography as a noninvasive clinical diagnostic method correlates with peri-implant crestal bone levels as determined by histometric analysis. Fifty-nine implants were placed in edentulous mandibular areas of 5 foxhounds in a side-by-side comparison in both submerged and nonsubmerged techniques. Three months after implant placement, abutment connection was performed in the submerged implant sites. At 6 months, all animals were sacrificed, and evaluations of the first bone-to-implant contact (fBIC), determined on standardized periapical radiographs, were compared to similar analyses made from nondecalcified histology. It was shown that both techniques provide the same information (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.993; P < .001). The precision of the radiographs was within 0.1 mm of the histometry in 73.4% of the evaluations, while the level of agreement fell to between 0.1 and 0.2 mm in 15.9% of the cases. These data demonstrate in an experimental study that standardized periapical radiography can evaluate crestal bone levels around implants clinically accurately (within 0.2 mm) in a high percentage (89%) of cases. These findings are significant because crestal bone levels can be determined using a noninvasive technique, and block sectioning or sacrifice of the animal subject is not required. In addition, longitudinal evaluations can be made accurately such that bone changes over various time periods can be assessed. Such analyses may prove beneficial when trying to distinguish physiologic changes from pathologic changes or when trying to determine causes and effects of bone changes around dental implants.
|
['Alveolar Process', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Dental Implants', 'Dental Prosthesis Design', 'Dogs', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Jaw, Edentulous', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Osseointegration', 'Radiography, Bitewing', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Statistics as Topic', 'Surface Properties', 'Titanium']
| 11,515,994
|
[['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125', 'A14.521.125', 'A14.549.167.646.094'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['E06.780.346.500', 'E07.695.190.175'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['D25.339.312', 'E06.780.346.593', 'E07.695.185', 'J01.637.051.339.312'], ['E06.780.346.625', 'E06.912.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C05.500.480', 'C07.320.550', 'C07.465.550.425', 'C07.793.597.425'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['G11.427.213.140.570', 'G16.762.150.150.570'], ['E01.370.350.700.720.700', 'E06.342.764.600'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.740', 'H01.548.832', 'N05.715.360.750', 'N06.850.520.830'], ['G02.860'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Salivary tau species are potential biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.
|
Phosphorylation of tau protein is a critical event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increased phosphorylated tau and total tau levels, combined with reduced concentrations of amyloid-â 1-42 (Aâ42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not in plasma or serum, have been generally accepted as sensitive AD diagnostic markers. However, obtaining CSF is a relatively invasive procedure that requires participation of specially trained medical professionals, i.e., CSF is not an ideal sample source for screening or early diagnosis of AD, which is essential to current and future neuroprotective treatments for the disease. Here, we identified tau, but not Aâ species, with mass spectrometry in human saliva, a body fluid that is much more accessible compared to CSF or even blood. Quantitative assessment of salivary levels of total tau, phosphorylated tau, and Aâ42 using highly sensitive Luminex assays revealed that, while Aâ42 was not detectable, the phosphorylated tau/tau ratio significantly increased in patients with AD compared to healthy controls. These results suggest that salivary tau species could be ideal biomarkers for AD diagnosis, especially at early stages of the disease or even screening asymptomatic subjects, allowing for a much larger therapeutic window for AD patients.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Alzheimer Disease', 'Amino Acid Sequence', 'Biomarkers', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Spectrometry', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Pilot Projects', 'Salivary Proteins and Peptides', 'tau Proteins']
| 21,841,250
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D23.101'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.566'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['D12.644.848', 'D12.776.850'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
LANCL2 is necessary for abscisic acid binding and signaling in human granulocytes and in rat insulinoma cells.
|
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone regulating fundamental physiological functions in plants, such as response to abiotic stress. Recently, ABA was shown to be produced and released by human granulocytes, by insulin-producing rat insulinoma cells, and by human and murine pancreatic beta cells. ABA autocrinally stimulates the functional activities specific for each cell type through a receptor-operated signal transduction pathway, sequentially involving a pertussis toxin-sensitive receptor/G-protein complex, cAMP, CD38-produced cADP-ribose and intracellular calcium. Here we show that the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein LANCL2 is required for ABA binding on the membrane of human granulocytes and that LANCL2 is necessary for transduction of the ABA signal into the cell-specific functional responses in granulocytes and in rat insulinoma cells. Co-expression of LANCL2 and CD38 in the human HeLa cell line reproduces the ABA-signaling pathway. Results obtained with granulocytes and CD38(+)/LANCL2(+) HeLa transfected with a chimeric G-protein (G alpha(q/i)) suggest that the pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled to LANCL2 is a G(i). Identification of LANCL2 as a critical component of the ABA-sensing protein complex will enable the screening of synthetic ABA antagonists as prospective new anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agents.
|
['Abscisic Acid', 'Animals', 'Cell Membrane', 'Cell Movement', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Granulocytes', 'Humans', 'Insulinoma', 'Membrane Proteins', 'N-Glycosyl Hydrolases', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Phagocytosis', 'Phosphate-Binding Proteins', 'Protein Binding', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Rats', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Signal Transduction']
| 19,667,068
|
[['D02.241.223.268.034', 'D02.455.326.271.665.202.061', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.024', 'D02.455.849.131.061', 'D02.455.849.765.521.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.284.149'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['A11.251'], ['A11.118.637.415', 'A11.148.350', 'A11.627.340', 'A15.145.229.637.415', 'A15.378.316.340', 'A15.382.490.315'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.470.035.100.852', 'C04.588.274.761.249.500', 'C04.588.322.475.249.500', 'C06.301.761.249.500', 'C06.689.667.249.500', 'C19.344.421.249.500'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D08.811.277.450.430'], ['D12.776.660'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['D12.776.157.648'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Expression of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the developing endolymphatic sac of the human fetus and the mouse embryo.
|
The distribution of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA) was analyzed in the developing endolymphatic sac (ES) of the mouse embryo and human fetus using immunohistochemical method. The primordial ES epithelium was labelled with CA I and CA II, but was weakly labelled with CA III and CA V. In the thirteenth and fifteenth gestational day (GD) mice, the ES epithelium was positive for CA I and CA II. After seventeenth GD, the ES epithelium was however weakly positive for CA I and CA II. In the 11 and 12 week old human fetus, the ES epithelium was strongly labelled with CA I and CA II. In the 16 week old human fetus, the ES epithelium was however weakly positive for CA I and CA II. These results suggest that the fetal ES has an activity of CA and plays a role in the otoconial formation especially in the early stage during evolution.
|
['Animals', 'Carbonic Anhydrases', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Endolymphatic Sac', 'Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Isoenzymes', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence']
| 1,556,501
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.520.241.300.150'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A09.246.300.909.957.360.701'], ['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['D08.811.348', 'D12.776.800.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effective Respiratory CD8 T-Cell Immunity to Influenza Virus Induced by Intranasal Carbomer-Lecithin-Adjuvanted Non-replicating Vaccines.
|
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are critical for clearing many viral infections, and protective CTL memory can be induced by vaccination with attenuated viruses and vectors. Non-replicating vaccines are typically potentiated by the addition of adjuvants that enhance humoral responses, however few are capable of generating CTL responses. Adjuplex is a carbomer-lecithin-based adjuvant demonstrated to elicit robust humoral immunity to non-replicating antigens. We report that mice immunized with non-replicating Adjuplex-adjuvanted vaccines generated robust antigen-specific CTL responses. Vaccination by the subcutaneous or the intranasal route stimulated systemic and mucosal CTL memory respectively. However, only CTL memory induced by intranasal vaccination was protective against influenza viral challenge, and correlated with an enhancement of memory CTLs in the airways and CD103+ CD69+ CXCR3+ resident memory-like CTLs in the lungs. Mechanistically, Myd88-deficient mice mounted primary CTL responses to Adjuplex vaccines that were similar in magnitude to wild-type mice, but exhibited altered differentiation of effector cell subsets. Immune potentiating effects of Adjuplex entailed alterations in the frequency of antigen-presenting-cell subsets in vaccine draining lymph nodes, and in the lungs and airways following intranasal vaccination. Further, Adjuplex enhanced the ability of dendritic cells to promote antigen-induced proliferation of na?ve CD8 T cells by modulating antigen uptake, its intracellular localization, and rate of processing. Taken together, we have identified an adjuvant that elicits both systemic and mucosal CTL memory to non-replicating antigens, and engenders protective CTL-based heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus in the respiratory tract. Further, findings presented in this manuscript have provided key insights into the mechanisms and factors that govern the induction and programming of systemic and protective memory CTLs in the respiratory tract.
|
['Acrylic Resins', 'Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'Administration, Intranasal', 'Adoptive Transfer', 'Animals', 'CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Influenza A virus', 'Influenza Vaccines', 'Lecithins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Orthomyxoviridae Infections', 'Respiratory Tract Infections', 'T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic']
| 27,997,610
|
[['D05.750.716.822.111', 'D25.720.716.822.111', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.111'], ['D27.505.696.477.067'], ['E02.319.267.120.655.500'], ['E02.095.465.425.400.330.050', 'E05.478.550.520.050'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B04.820.480.968.405.400'], ['D20.215.894.899.302'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.800.806', 'D20.215.784.500.492'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.350.515.395', 'E05.595.395'], ['C01.925.782.620'], ['C01.748', 'C08.730'], ['A11.118.637.555.283.875', 'A11.118.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A11.118.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.283.875', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.283.875', 'A15.382.490.555.567.550.500.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.220.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.500.200']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Direct visualization of critical hydrogen atoms in a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme.
|
Enzymes dependent on pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP, the active form of vitamin B6) perform a myriad of diverse chemical transformations. They promote various reactions by modulating the electronic states of PLP through weak interactions in the active site. Neutron crystallography has the unique ability of visualizing the nuclear positions of hydrogen atoms in macromolecules. Here we present a room-temperature neutron structure of a homodimeric PLP-dependent enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, which was reacted in situ with á-methylaspartate. In one monomer, the PLP remained as an internal aldimine with a deprotonated Schiff base. In the second monomer, the external aldimine formed with the substrate analog. We observe a deuterium equidistant between the Schiff base and the C-terminal carboxylate of the substrate, a position indicative of a low-barrier hydrogen bond. Quantum chemical calculations and a low-pH room-temperature X-ray structure provide insight into the physical phenomena that control the electronic modulation in aspartate aminotransferase.Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) is a ubiquitous co factor for diverse enzymes, among them aspartate aminotransferase. Here the authors use neutron crystallography, which allows the visualization of the positions of hydrogen atoms, and computation to characterize the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
|
['Aspartate Aminotransferases', 'Catalysis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Crystallography', 'Deuterium', 'Dimerization', 'Escherichia coli', 'Hydrogen', 'Neutrons', 'Pyridoxal Phosphate', 'Schiff Bases']
| 29,038,582
|
[['D08.811.913.477.700.225'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['E05.196.309', 'H01.181.529.240'], ['D01.268.406.500', 'D01.362.340.500', 'D01.496.289'], ['G02.206', 'G03.230'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G01.249.660.250'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.500.500', 'D08.211.740'], ['D02.491.784']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Estimation and prediction for cancer screening models using deconvolution and smoothing.
|
The model that specifies that cancer incidence, I, is the convolution of the preclinical incidence, g, and the density of time in the preclinical phase, f, has frequently been utilized to model data from cancer screening trials and to estimate such quantities as sojourn time, lead time, and sensitivity. When this model is fit to the above data, the parameters of f as well as the parameter(s) governing screening sensitivity must be estimated. Previously, g was either assumed to be equal to clinical incidence or assumed to be a constant or exponential function that also had to be estimated. Here we assume that the underlying incidence, I, in the study population (in the absence of screening) is known. With I known, g then becomes a function of f, which can be solved for using (numerical) deconvolution, thus eliminating the need to estimate g or make assumptions about it. Since numerical deconvolution procedures may be highly unstable, however, we incorporate a smoothing procedure that produces a realistic g function while still closely reproducing the original incidence function I upon convolution with f. We have also added the concept of competing mortality to the convolution model. This, along with the realistic preclinical incidence function described above, results in more accurate estimates of sojourn time and lead time and allows for estimation of quantities related to overdiagnosis, which we define here.
|
['Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Colorectal Neoplasms', 'France', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Mass Screening', 'Models, Statistical', 'Neoplasms', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Time Factors']
| 11,414,561
|
[['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307', 'C06.301.371.411.307', 'C06.405.249.411.307', 'C06.405.469.158.356', 'C06.405.469.491.307', 'C06.405.469.860.180'], ['Z01.542.286'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['C04'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Use of Mpc-amino acids in solid phase peptide synthesis leads to improved coupling efficiencies.
|
The Mpc-group has a somewhat better stability than the Fmoc-group, resists catalytic hydrogenolysis, is highly stable in acidic media and its elimination product does not polymerize spontaneously. In a direct comparison of coupling efficiencies obtained in solid phase peptide syntheses using Mpc- or Fmoc-amino acids it is shown that the use of Mpc-amino acids leads to better coupling efficiencies and, consequently, a more homogeneous peptide. An improved synthesis of Mpc-ONSu and of Mpc-amino acid derivatives is presented.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Amino Acids', 'Amino Acids, Sulfur', 'Chemical Phenomena', 'Chemistry', 'Fibrinogen', 'Fluorenes', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Molecular Structure', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Peptides', 'Sulfones']
| 1,894,449
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.125'], ['D02.886.030', 'D12.125.166'], ['G02'], ['H01.181'], ['D12.776.124.050.250', 'D12.776.124.125.500', 'D12.776.811.300', 'D23.119.490'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.389', 'D04.615.389'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D12.644.541'], ['D12.644'], ['D02.886.590']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Response of prostate cancer to anti-Her-2/neu antibody in androgen-dependent and -independent human xenograft models.
|
Antibody to the Her-2/neu gene product has been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells overexpressing Her-2/neu and to have clinical utility in treating breast cancer. We studied a recombinant, humanized anti-Her-2/neu antibody (Herceptin) in preclinical models of human prostate cancer. The androgen-dependent CWR22 and LNCaP human prostate cancer xenograft models and androgen-independent sublines of CWR22 were used. Her-2/neu staining of the parental, androgen-dependent, and androgen-independent CWR22 tumors and LNCaP tumors demonstrated variable Her-2/neu expression. Herceptin was administered i.p. at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice weekly after the xenograft had been established. No effect of Herceptin on tumor growth was observed in any of the androgen-independent tumors; however, significant growth inhibition was observed in both of the androgen-dependent xenograft models, CWR22 (68% growth inhibition at the completion of the experiment; P = 0.03 for trajectories of the average tumor volume of the groups) and LNCaP (89% growth inhibition; P = 0.002). There was a significant increase in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) index (ng PSA/ml serum/mm3 tumor) in Herceptin-treated androgen-dependent groups compared with control (CWR22, 18-fold relative to pretreatment value versus 1.0-fold, P = 0.0001; LNCaP, 2.35-fold relative to pretreatment value versus 0.6-fold, P = 0.001). When paclitaxel (6.25 mg/kg s.c., five times/week) was given to animals with androgen-dependent and -independent tumors, there was growth inhibition in each group. Paclitaxel and Herceptin cotreatment led to greater growth inhibition than was seen for the agents individually. Thus, in these prostate cancer model systems, Herceptin alone has clinical activity only in the androgen-dependent tumor and has at least an additive effect on growth, in combination with paclitaxel, in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent tumors. Response to Herceptin did not correlate with the PSA levels, because the PSA index markedly increased in the Herceptin-treated group, whereas it remained constant in the control group. These results suggest the utility of Herceptin in the treatment of human prostate cancer.
|
['Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Nude', 'Paclitaxel', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Transplantation, Heterologous', 'Trastuzumab']
| 10,519,379
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.242.888.777', 'D02.455.849.291.850.777'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E04.936.764'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Chemical and microbial community analysis during aerobic biostimulation assays of non-sulfonated alkyl-benzene-contaminated groundwater.
|
A chemical and microbial characterization of lab-scale biostimulation assays with groundwater samples taken from an industrial site in which the aquifer had been contaminated by linear non-sulfonate alkyl benzenes (LABs) was carried out for further field-scale bioremediation purposes. Two lab-scale biodegradability assays were performed, one with a previously obtained gas-oil-degrading consortium and another with the native groundwater flora. Results for the characterization of the groundwater microbial population of the site revealed the presence of an important LAB-degrading microbial population with a strong degrading capacity. Among the microorganisms identified at the site, the detection of Parvibaculum lavamentivorans, which have been described in other studies as alkyl benzene sulfonates degraders, is worth mentioning. Incubation of P. lavamentivorans DSMZ13023 with LABs as reported in this study shows for the first time the metabolic capacity of this strain to degrade such compounds. Results from the biodegradation assays in this study showed that the indigenous microbial population had a higher degrading capacity than the gas-oil-degrading consortium, indicating the strong ability of the native community to adapt to the presence of LABs. The addition of inorganic nutrients significantly improved the aerobic biodegradation rate, achieving levels of biodegradation close to 90%. The results of this study show the potential effectiveness of oxygen and nutrients as in situ biostimulation agents as well as the existence of a complex microbial community that encompasses well-known hydrocarbon- and LAS-degrading microbial populations in the aquifer studied.
|
['Aerobiosis', 'Alkanesulfonic Acids', 'Bacteria, Aerobic', 'Biodegradation, Environmental', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Hydrocarbons', 'Petrolatum', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical', 'Water Pollution, Chemical']
| 20,714,718
|
[['G02.111.017', 'G03.049'], ['D02.455.326.146.100', 'D02.886.645.600.055'], ['B03.120'], ['N06.230.080.600.500', 'N06.850.460.375.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['D02.455'], ['D02.455.699'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['D27.888.284.903.655'], ['N06.850.460.790.410']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Hair cell loss and regeneration after exposure to intense sound in neonatal chicks.
|
Neonatal chicks (between 1 and 3 days of age) were exposed to an intense pure tone for 48 hours, then killed immediately after removal from the sound, or 14 days later. Nonexposed age-matched animals served as controls. The inner ear was removed and the auditory receptor organ (the basilar papilla) was prepared for evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. The site of injury on the papilla was described in terms of hair-cell loss and location. The ears with no recovery showed a discrete lesion area, within which there was complete disruption of the hair-cell field and a 35% loss in hair cells. After 14 days' recovery, no hair cell loss could be detected, though the lesion could still be recognized by the disorganization of hair cells in the previously injured area. These data demonstrate hair-cell restoration after severe acoustic injury from intense sound exposure in the neonatal ear.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Chickens', 'Epithelium', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Labyrinth Diseases', 'Organ of Corti', 'Regeneration', 'Sensory Receptor Cells', 'Sound']
| 3,138,621
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.282'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.350.150', 'B01.050.150.900.248.690.192'], ['A10.272'], ['A08.675.650.250', 'A08.675.650.915.750.600.350', 'A08.800.950.750.600.350', 'A09.246.300.246.577.325', 'A11.671.650.250', 'A11.671.650.915.750.600.350'], ['C09.218.568'], ['A09.246.300.246.577'], ['G16.762'], ['A08.675.650.915', 'A08.800.950', 'A11.671.650.915'], ['G01.750.770.776']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Using survival analysis to study spatial point patterns in geographical epidemiology.
|
The spatial K-function has become a well accepted method of investigating whether significant clustering can be detected in spatial point patterns. Unlike nearest neighbor-based methods, the K-function approach has the advantage of exploring spatial pattern across a range of spatial scales. However, K-functions still have a number of drawbacks. For instance, although K-functions are based on inter-event distances, they only use a count of the number of point events within successive distance bands. This represents data aggregation and information loss. Secondly, and perhaps more significantly, K-functions are based on a cumulative count of point events with distance. This feature raises the possibility that the investigation of pattern at different scales is compromised by the dependency of any one count to previous counts. This paper proposes a new approach to the analysis of spatial point patterns based upon survival analysis. Although typically used in the temporal domain, there is no reason why survival analysis cannot be applied to any positively-valued, continuous variable as well as time. In this paper, survival analysis is applied to the inter-event distance measures of bivariate spatial point patterns to investigate the 'random labeling' hypothesis. It is shown, through both a controlled data situation and empirical epidemiological applications, that such an approach may be a very useful complement to K-function analysis.
|
['Accidents, Traffic', 'Cluster Analysis', 'England', 'Geography', 'Humans', 'Laryngeal Neoplasms', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Poisson Distribution', 'Survival Analysis']
| 10,714,921
|
[['N06.850.135.392'], ['E05.318.740.250', 'N05.715.360.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.250'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['H01.277.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.443.665.481', 'C08.360.369', 'C08.785.481', 'C09.400.369', 'C09.647.481'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['E05.318.740.994.750', 'G17.820.750', 'N05.715.360.750.750.620', 'N06.850.520.830.994.750'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
A model describing nonlinearities in hearing by active processes with saturation at 40 dB.
|
Data from literature related to nonlinearities of the peripheral part of the hearing system are collected and extended by results from measurements of acoustical responses, masking, cubic difference tones and Zwicker tones. The data indicate 40 dB as a significant value for the dynamic range in neurophysiology as well as for the sensation level in psychoacoustics dividing the total level range into two areas of different characteristics. A preliminary model assuming that the outer hair cells act as an amplifier which contains saturation (corresponding to 40 dB) and feed back to sensitize the inner hair cells is used to describe the measured effects at least qualitatively.
|
['Auditory Fatigue', 'Basilar Membrane', 'Cochlea', 'Cochlear Nerve', 'Hair Cells, Auditory', 'Hearing', 'Models, Biological', 'Models, Neurological', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Noise', 'Psychoacoustics', 'Sound']
| 526,486
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Medication adverse events: Impact of pharmaceutical consultations during the hospitalization of patients].
|
The medication iatrogenic events are responsible for nearly one iatrogenic event in five. The main purpose of this prospective multicenter study is to determine the effect of pharmaceutical consultations on the occurrence of medication adverse events during hospitalization (MAE). The other objectives are to study the impact of age, of the number of medications and pharmaceutical consultations on the risk of MAE. The pharmaceutical consultation is associated to a complete reassessment done by both a physician and a pharmacist for the home medication, the hospital treatment (3days after admission), the treatment during chemotherapy, and/or, the treatment when the patient goes back home. All MAE are subject to an advice for the patient, additional clinical-biological monitoring and/or prescription changes. Among the 318 patients, 217 (68%) had 1 or more clinically important MAE (89% drug-drug interaction, 8% dosing error, 2% indication error, 1% risk behavior). The patients have had 1121 pharmaceutical consultations (3.2±1.4/patient). Thus, the pharmaceutical consultations divided by 2.34 the risk of MAE (unadjusted incidence ratio, P?0.05). Each consultation decreased by 24% the risk of MAE. Moreover, adding one medication increases from 14 to 30% as a risk of MAE on the population. Pharmaceutical consultations during the hospital stay could reduce significantly the number of medication adverse effects.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Female', 'Home Care Services', 'Hospitalization', 'Humans', 'Iatrogenic Disease', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Medication Therapy Management', 'Middle Aged', 'Patients', 'Pharmacists', 'Pharmacy Service, Hospital', 'Physicians', 'Prospective Studies', 'Referral and Consultation', 'Self Medication', 'Young Adult']
| 25,438,655
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C25.100'], ['N02.421.143.524', 'N02.421.539.089'], ['E02.760.400', 'N02.421.585.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.291.875'], ['M01.060.703'], ['N02.421.668.438', 'N03.219.521.576.343.575.500.500', 'N03.219.521.576.343.840.938.500', 'N04.590.661'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.643'], ['M01.526.485.780', 'N02.360.780'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.603', 'N02.421.668.556', 'N04.452.442.452.422.603'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['N04.452.758.849'], ['E02.319.900', 'E02.900.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Diagnostic and prognostic implications of the PAX8-PPARã translocation in thyroid carcinomas-a TMA-based study of 226 cases.
|
AIMS: Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) has been a diagnostic challenge for decades. The PAX8-PPARã rearrangement has been detected in FTC and classic papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The aims of this study were to assess the presence of PAX8-PPARã by using tissue microarrays in a large cohort of different thyroid neoplasms, and to assess its diagnostic and prognostic implications.METHODS AND RESULTS: Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for PAX8-PPARã was performed on 226 thyroid tumours, comprising FTCs (n = 59), PTCs (n = 126), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDs; n = 34), follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs; n = 5), and follicular tumours of unknown malignant potential (FTUMPs; n = 2). PAX8-PPARã was detected in 12% of FTCs, 1% of PTCs, 7% of PDs, and in both cases of FTUMP. There was no correlation between the extent of capsular or vascular invasion and PAX8-PPARã, or between lymph node or haematogenous metastasis and PAX8-PPARã. Overall survival (OS), tumour-specific survival (TSS) and relapse-free-survival (RFS) were not influenced by PAX8-PPARã.CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of PAX8-PPARã in PDs and FTUMPs, whereas in FTCs and PTCs the prevalence of PAX8-PPARã is lower than previously reported. PAX8-PPARã did not correlate with invasiveness or affect prognosis in any tumour type.
|
['Adenocarcinoma, Follicular', 'Adenoma', 'Carcinoma', 'Carcinoma, Papillary', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Oncogene Proteins, Fusion', 'PAX8 Transcription Factor', 'PPAR gamma', 'Paired Box Transcription Factors', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Thyroid Cancer, Papillary', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Tissue Array Analysis', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 23,738,683
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025.060'], ['C04.557.470.035'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C04.557.470.200.360', 'C04.557.470.700.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['D12.776.602.500.500', 'D12.776.624.664.500'], ['D12.776.260.645.906', 'D12.776.930.700.906'], ['D12.776.826.239.588'], ['D12.776.260.645', 'D12.776.930.700'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.085.612', 'C04.588.322.894.400', 'C04.588.443.915.400', 'C19.344.894.400', 'C19.874.788.400'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E05.588.570.850'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Determining the accuracy of the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program for the representation of the rates of mild traumatic brain injuries in Quebec.
|
INTRODUCTION: The recent rise in mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) in the pediatric population has been documented by many studies in Canada and the United States. The objective of our study was to compare mTBI rates from the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) in Montr?al with population-based rates (Quebec mTBI rates).METHODS: We calculated CHIRPP's mTBI rates via two methods: (1) using all CHIRPP injuries as the denominator; and (2) using the number of children aged 0 to 17 years living within 5 km of either of two CHIRPP centres in Montr?al as the denominator. We plotted CHIRPP's mTBI rates against the provincial rates and compared them according to sex and age.RESULTS: Whether using all CHIRPP injuries or the number of children aged 0 to 17 years living within 5 km of either CHIRPP centre in Montreal as the denominator, CHIRPP paralleled the fluctuations seen in Quebec's rates between 2003 and 2016. When stratifying by sex and age, CHIRPP was better at estimating the population-based rates for the youngest (0 to 4 years) and the oldest (13 to 17 years) age groups.CONCLUSION: CHIRPP in Montr?al proved a valid tool for estimating the variations in rates of mTBI in the population. This suggests that CHIRPP could also be used to estimate population-based rates of other types of injuries.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain Concussion', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cities', 'Data Accuracy', 'Female', 'Hospitals, Urban', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Male', 'Mathematical Concepts', 'Quebec', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Trauma Centers']
| 31,729,311
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C10.228.140.199.444.250', 'C10.900.300.087.235.250', 'C10.900.300.350.300', 'C26.915.300.200.194.250', 'C26.915.300.450.500', 'C26.974.382.200'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['E05.318.308.028', 'E05.318.370.725.250', 'L01.399.250.202', 'N05.715.360.300.202', 'N05.715.360.325.685.250'], ['N02.278.421.660'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G17'], ['Z01.107.567.176.791'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.336.500', 'N02.421.297.195.480', 'N04.452.442.452.422.336.400']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A method for the isolation of specific tRNA precursors.
|
tRNA affinity chromatography, based on complex formation between tRNAs with complementary anticodons, has been applied to the isolation of specific tRNA precursors. When [32P]RNA, isolated from an Escherichia coli strain containing a thermolabile ribonuclease P, was chromatographed on resin-bound yeast phenylalanine tRNA, precursor tRNAGlu (possessing the complementary anticodon) was specifically retained. Likewise, precursor tRNAPhe was isolated from a column of resin-bound E. coli glutamate tRNA. Both precursor tRNAs isolated were monomeric and may be processed products of an originally larger RNA precursor. Both tRNA precursors contain additional nucleotides beyond the 5'-end of the mature tRNA and have all modified bases found in mature tRNA. The method can be extended to isolate other tRNA precursors by affinity chromatography with different tRNAs. Since the principle of complementary anticodon interaction is not restricted to any particular organism, specific precursor tRNAs from other sources may also be isolated in this way.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Chromatography, Affinity', 'Escherichia coli', 'Glutamates', 'Oligoribonucleotides', 'Pancreas', 'RNA, Transfer', 'Ribonucleases']
| 1,108,001
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.181.400.170'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['D12.125.067.625', 'D12.125.119.409'], ['D13.695.578.424.500'], ['A03.734'], ['D13.444.735.757'], ['D08.811.277.352.700']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of the high-approach versus low-approach motivational positive affect on the processing stage of cognitive control: an event-related potential study.
|
The present study used the event-related potentials to investigate the effect of task-irrelevant, high-approach versus low-approach motivational positive affect on proactive and reactive control, and their neural mechanisms. A cue stimulus and a probe stimulus were presented successively in each trial. Participants were required to maintain the information of the cue and respond to the probe. The results showed that high-approach positive affect reduced the amplitudes of P3b after the cue of low frequency and enlarged the amplitudes of contingent negative variation before all the probes. Conversely, low-approach motivational positive affect improved the amplitude of P3a after the probe in some trials. These findings demonstrated that high (compared with the low)-approach motivational positive affect improved proactive control and influenced the early stage of the cognitive control process. Low (relative to high)-approach motivational positive affect facilitated reactive control and influenced the late process stage of cognitive control.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition', 'Contingent Negative Variation', 'Cues', 'Electroencephalography', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motivation', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reaction Time', 'Young Adult']
| 29,112,677
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188'], ['G07.265.216.500.250', 'G11.561.200.500.250'], ['F02.463.425.234'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['E05.723.729'], ['E05.796.817', 'F02.830.650', 'F04.669.817', 'G11.561.677'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Their Association With Smoking Outcome Expectancies Among Homeless Smokers in Boston.
|
INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking and traumatic life experiences are each common among homeless adults, but the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among homeless smokers are not known. We assessed symptoms of PTSD and their association with smoking outcome expectancies in a sample of homeless smokers in Boston.METHODS: We used time-location sampling to conduct an in-person survey of homeless adult smokers using Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program clinical services. We assessed symptoms of PTSD with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version and considered scores at least 14 as positive. We used the Smoking Effects Questionnaire to assess positive and negative smoking outcome expectancies. We modeled the associations between PTSD screening status and smoking expectancies using design-adjusted linear regression.RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of eligible individuals participated (N = 306). Sixty-eight percent of participants screened positive for PTSD. Screen-positive respondents were younger (P = .001), more likely to report fair/poor health (P = .01), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P = .02), and past-month hallucinations (P = .004), and had greater drug (P < .001) and alcohol (P < .001) use severity and cigarette dependence (P = .002). In analyses controlling for these confounders, PTSD screen-positive participants more strongly endorsed smoking to reduce negative affect (P = .01), smoking for social benefits (P = .002), and smoking for weight control (P = .03). Exploratory analyses suggested that these associations were driven by avoidance/numbing and re-experiencing symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of posttraumatic stress are common among homeless smokers and strongly associated with positive smoking outcome expectancies. Tobacco cessation programs for this population should consider screening for PTSD and fostering a trauma-sensitive treatment environment.IMPLICATIONS: In this study of homeless cigarette smokers in Boston, over two-thirds of participants screened positive for PTSD. PTSD screen-positive respondents more strongly endorsed multiple positive smoking outcome expectancies than screen-negative individuals. These findings suggest that the psychological sequelae of trauma may be a pervasive but under-recognized factor impacting the persistence of smoking among homeless people. Tobacco cessation programs for this population should consider screening for PTSD, fostering a trauma-sensitive treatment environment, and incorporating strategies that have shown promise in smokers with PTSD.
|
['Adult', 'Boston', 'Female', 'Homeless Persons', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Smokers', 'Smoking', 'Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic']
| 26,508,393
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.567.875.550.510.210', 'Z01.433.210'], ['M01.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.808'], ['F01.145.805'], ['F03.950.750.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Super-resolution microscopy localizes perilipin 5 at lipid droplet-mitochondria interaction sites and at lipid droplets juxtaposing to perilipin 2.
|
OBJECTIVE: Intramyocellular lipid droplets (LD) and their coat proteins PLIN2 and PLIN5 are involved in lipolysis, with a putative role for PLIN5 in mitochondrial tethering. Reportedly, these proteins co-localize and cover the surface of the LD. To provide the spatial basis for understanding how these proteins possess their distinct roles, we examined the precise location of PLIN2 and PLIN5 and explored PLIN5 presence at LD-mitochondria contact sites using Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) in human skeletal muscle sections.METHODS: LDs were stained by MDH together with combinations of mitochondrial proteins and PLINs. Subcellular distribution and co-localization of PLIN proteins and mitochondria was imaged by STED microscopy (Leica TCS SP8) and quantified using Pearson's correlation coefficients and intensity profile plots. CLEM was employed to examine the presence of PLIN5 on mitochondria-LD contact sites.RESULTS: Both PLIN2 and PLIN5 localized to the LD in a dot-like, juxtaposed fashion rather than colocalizing and covering the entire LD. Both STED and CLEM revealed a high fraction of PLIN5 at the LD-mitochondria interface, but not at mitochondrial cristae, as suggested previously.CONCLUSION: Using two super-resolution imaging approaches, this is the first study to show that in sections of human skeletal muscle PLIN2 and PLIN5 localize to the LD at distinct sites, with abundance of PLIN5 at LD-mitochondria tethering sites. This novel spatial information uncovers that PLIN proteins do not serve as lipolytic barriers but rather are docking sites for proteins facilitating selective lipase access under a variety of lipolytic conditions.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Healthy Volunteers', 'Humans', 'Lipid Droplets', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Middle Aged', 'Mitochondria, Muscle', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Perilipin-2', 'Perilipin-5', 'Rats']
| 30,591,149
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['M01.774.500', 'M01.955.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.393'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.627', 'A11.284.835.626.627'], ['A02.633.567', 'A10.690.552.500'], ['D12.776.157.464.500.750'], ['D12.776.157.464.500.937'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
New NIH Regulations Say Most Basic Human Brain Research Is a Clinical Trial.
|
New NIH definitions classify virtually all human brain and behavioral research as clinical trials. The new definitions will change regulatory, reporting, and funding schemes for noninvasive studies such as neuroimaging. Resulting burdens threaten the viability of basic biobehavioral science research.
|
['Behavioral Research', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Humans', 'National Institutes of Health (U.S.)', 'Neurosciences', 'Social Control, Formal', 'United States']
| 28,919,174
|
[['F04.096.144', 'H01.770.644.108'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496', 'N03.540.052.750', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496'], ['H01.158.610'], ['I01.880.604', 'N03.706'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Gliomatosis cerebri in a patient with Ollier disease.
|
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is an uncommon brain tumour defined as a diffuse neoplastic glial cell infiltration of the brain, involving more than two cerebral lobes and, occasionally, the infratentorial structures or the spinal cord. GC of the oligodendroglial phenotype is extremely rare, especially in the paediatric setting. We describe an unusual case of oligodendroglial GC diagnosed in a 16-year-old boy with Ollier disease. To our knowledge this is the first case of GC reported in a child with Ollier disease.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Enchondromatosis', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial']
| 21,868,231
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['C05.116.099.708.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.465.625.600', 'C04.557.470.670', 'C04.557.580.625.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Morphometric identification of luminal narrowing of myocardial capillaries after cardioplegic arrest.
|
BACKGROUND: Because there is no smooth muscle cell surrounding the capillary endothelial cells, the effect of coronary microcirculation at the capillary level following cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion would be much different from that of resistant arterioles. We therefore studied the effect of hypothermic blood cardioplegic arrest and subsequent reperfusion on the myocardial capillaries in cardiac operation patients.METHODS: Twenty-seven patients who underwent cardiac operations were included in this study. Three sequential biopsies (preischemia, ischemia, and reperfusion) were obtained from the right atrium. This study was restricted to blood vessels with a diameter of less than 8 microns. Ten randomly selected capillaries from each biopsy were measured for luminal surface area, endothelial cytoplasmic surface area, and total cross-sectional surface area of capillaries.RESULTS: From stereologic morphometric studies, the serial changes in total cross-sectional surface area were not statistically significant (p = 0.152). However, there was a significant swelling of endothelial cytoplasm following ischemia and reperfusion (p = 0.0007). Meanwhile, changes in luminal surface area of capillaries following ischemia and reperfusion were also remarkable (p = 0.0008).CONCLUSIONS: The most striking finding of this study was the progressive decrease in capillary lumen during ischemia and after reperfusion. The swelling of endothelial cells is a major determinant of luminal narrowing of capillaries in patients receiving cardioplegic arrest.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Capillaries', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Child', 'Constriction, Pathologic', 'Coronary Vessels', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest, Induced', 'Humans', 'Hypothermia, Induced', 'Male', 'Microcirculation', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Reperfusion']
| 11,216,755
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A07.015.461.165'], ['E04.292.413'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.300.287'], ['A07.015.114.269', 'A07.015.908.194'], ['E04.100.376.374', 'E04.928.220.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.258.750'], ['G09.330.100.645'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.100.700.600', 'E05.680.730.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Electrophoresis in gel channels.
|
We describe a novel approach to generate dynamic pH gradients suited to fractionate or purify samples of biomolecules or particles such as proteins and viruses in tiny volumes. The method combines diffusion and electromigration between micro-scaled channels embedded in hydrogel. For the used geometry and in accordance with numerical calculations the gel-channel system reaches a tuneable, steady-state pH gradient after a few minutes. For quantification of experimentally generated pH-profiles, the concentration independent extinction ratio of phenol red at two wavelengths is used. The proposed electrophoretic flow-cell is simple and flexible since no Immobilines are required to establish the pH gradient.
|
['Buffers', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Mathematics', 'Microchemistry']
| 15,948,218
|
[['D27.720.470.280'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['G02.300'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.196.620', 'H01.181.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cell death processes during expression of hybrid lethality in interspecific F1 hybrid between Nicotiana gossei Domin and Nicotiana tabacum.
|
Hybrid lethality, a type of reproductive isolation, is a genetically controlled event appearing at the seedling stage in interspecific hybrids. We characterized the lethality of F(1) hybrid seedlings from Nicotiana gossei Domin and Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright-Yellow 4 using a number of traits including growth rate, microscopic features of tissues and cells, ion leakage, DNA degradation, reactive oxygen intermediates including superoxide radical (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and expression of stress response marker genes. Lethal symptoms appeared at 4 d after germination in the basal hypocotyl and extended toward both the hypocotyl and root of the plants grown at 26 degrees C. Microscopic analysis revealed a prompt lysis of cell components during cell death. Membrane disruption and DNA degradation were found in the advanced stage of the lethality. The death of mesophyll cells in the cotyledon was initiated by the vascular bundle, suggesting that a putative factor inducing cell death diffused into surrounding cells from the vascular tissue. In contrast, these symptoms were not observed in the plants grown at 37 degrees C. Seedlings grown at 26 degrees C generated larger amounts of reactive oxygen intermediate in the hypocotyl than those grown at 37 degrees C. A number of stress response marker genes were expressed at 26 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C. We proposed that a putative death factor moving systemically through the vascular system induced a prompt and successive lysis of the cytoplasm of cells and that massive cell death eventually led to the loss of the hybrid plant.
|
['Apoptosis', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Plant', 'Genetic Markers', 'Hybrid Vigor', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Hypocotyl', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Roots', 'Reactive Oxygen Species', 'Superoxides', 'Temperature', 'Time Factors', 'Tobacco']
| 12,481,061
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['G05.308.375'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['G05.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A18.024.875.750', 'A18.024.937.249', 'A18.550.500'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['A18.400'], ['D01.339.431', 'D01.650.775'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.850', 'D01.339.431.374.850', 'D01.650.550.750.800', 'D02.389.338.732'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['G01.910.857'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 are frequently expressed in multiple myeloma and can be explored in combined immunotherapy for this malignancy.
|
The exact function of MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 is not yet understood in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the homologs MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 genes encode highly immunogeneic cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) and can be potential targets for T cell-based immunotherapy. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 mRNA expression were investigated in MM patients, solitary plasmacytomas, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) and bone marrow (BM) aspirates from healthy donors by RT-PCR. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C1/CT10 were expressed in 67 and 59 % of the 46 MM analyzed patients. At least one of the genes was expressed in 76 % of MM cases. Solitary plasmacytoma also showed MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 expression. MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 were not expressed in normal BM samples, showing restricted expression of these CTA genes in MM, solitary plasmacytoma and MGUS. In the present study, we found high expression of the homologs MAGE-C1/CT7 and MAGE-C2/CT10 in monoclonal gammopathies and speculate whether these genes might represent a valuable therapeutic option for myeloma, in particular for combined immunotherapy.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Biomarkers', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Transcriptome']
| 23,180,015
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['D23.050.285'], ['D23.101'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E05.393.620.500.725'], ['G02.111.873.750', 'G05.297.700.750', 'G05.360.920']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The stomach's response to unappetizing food: cephalic-vagal effects on gastric myoelectric activity.
|
The aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of sham feeding food that was perceived as unappetizing on the cephalic-vagal reflex as measured by changes in gastric myoelectric activity. Thirty-eight healthy human participants experienced one of two conditions: (i) an appetizing sham feeding condition in which participants chewed and expectorated two cooked frankfurters, and (ii) an unappetizing sham-feeding condition in which participants chewed and expectorated two cold tofu frankfurters. All participants were asked to chew each mouth-full of food 6-7 times and to be very careful not to swallow any of the food. Electrogastrograms (EGGs) were recorded for 10 min prior to, during, and for 15 min after sham feeding. A questionnaire was given to each participant after the procedure as a manipulation check and to assess food palatability. Results from the questionnaire showed, as expected, that the cooked frankfurters were significantly more appetizing than the cold tofu frankfurters (P < 0.01). In the group sham fed appetizing food, 3 cycles per minute (cpm) power increased during sham feeding, but the change was not significant; however, 3 cpm power decreased in the group sham fed unappetizing food. This difference was significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the cephalic-vagal reflex, as measured by power in the 3 cpm frequency region of the EGG, is sensitive to the subjective palatability of the food.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Appetite', 'Electrophysiology', 'Female', 'Food Preferences', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Reflex', 'Stomach', 'Taste', 'Vagus Nerve']
| 11,298,993
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F02.830.071', 'G07.203.650.390.070', 'G10.261.390.070'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['F01.145.407.516', 'G07.203.650.353.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.376.550.650', 'E01.370.600.550.650', 'F02.830.702', 'G11.561.731'], ['A03.556.875.875'], ['F02.830.816.724', 'G11.561.790.724'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Intimate partner violence in deviant settings--complex needs of women survivors.
|
BACKGROUND: Women experiencing intimate violence within deviant settings, including bikie and other gangs and cults, have recently been the focus of research in South Australia. Domestic violence shelters are seeing increasing numbers of these women who are often involved in high risk behaviour and/or situations that pose significant risk to themselves and any accompanying children.OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of the profiles of women (and their children) escaping intimate partner violence within deviant settings, and the range of complex physical and mental health needs medical practitioners are likely to encounter in these patients.DISCUSSION: Specific women's histories of ritualised partner abuse, its cultural context, and the resultant physical and mental health issues for these women and their children is discussed. It provides strategies for practitioners to work with these women and their children to overcome existing barriers to clinical intervention.
|
['Battered Women', 'Child', 'Domestic Violence', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Mental Health', 'South Australia', 'Survivors', "Women's Health"]
| 17,019,454
|
[['M01.975.155'], ['M01.060.406'], ['I01.198.240.856.350', 'I01.880.735.900.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['Z01.639.100.968', 'Z01.678.100.373.968'], ['M01.860'], ['N01.400.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Rapid antifungal susceptibility determination for yeast isolates by use of Etest performed directly on blood samples from patients with fungemia.
|
We prospectively determined the antifungal susceptibility of yeast isolates causing fungemia using the Etest on direct blood samples (195 prospectively collected and 133 laboratory prepared). We compared the Etest direct (24 h of incubation) with CLSI M27-A3 and the standard Etest methodologies for fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, isavuconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B. Strains were classified as susceptible, resistant, or nonsusceptible using CLSI breakpoints (voriconazole breakpoints were used for posaconazole and isavuconazole). Categorical errors between Etest direct and CLSI M27-A3 for azoles were mostly minor. No errors were detected for caspofungin, and high percentages of major errors were detected for amphotericin B. For the azoles, false susceptibility (very major errors) was found in only two (0.6%) isolates (Candida tropicalis and C. glabrata). False resistance (major errors) was detected in 46 (14%) isolates for the three azoles (in 23 [7%] after excluding posaconazole). Etest direct of posaconazole yielded a higher number of major errors than the remaining azoles, especially for C. glabrata, Candida spp., and other yeasts. Excluding C. glabrata, Candida spp., and other yeasts, the remaining species did not yield major errors. Etest direct for fluconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole, and caspofungin shows potential as an alternative to the CLSI M27-A3 procedure for performing rapid antifungal susceptibility tests on yeast isolates from patients with fungemia. Etest direct is a useful tool to screen for the presence of azole-resistant and caspofungin-nonsusceptible strains.
|
['Antifungal Agents', 'Diagnostic Errors', 'Fungemia', 'Humans', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Yeasts']
| 20,392,904
|
[['D27.505.954.122.136'], ['E01.354', 'N02.421.450.280'], ['C01.150.703.492.594', 'C01.757.360', 'C23.550.470.790.500.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B01.300.930']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Retinopathy of prematurity: the influence of gestational age and retinal maturity on the statistical behavior of risk factors.
|
The clinical and laboratory data on 140 premature infants, 74 cases with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and 66 control cases without ROP, were correlated with ROP grades of increasing severity. By using multiple linear regression (MLR), it is shown that for predicting ROP grades the importance of certain variables varies considerably depending on the gestational age. Below 32 weeks of gestation, acidosis, hyperoxemia, gestational age, pathologic paCO2 levels, and multiple birth are strong regressors. Above 31 weeks, the most important regressors are multiple birth and acidosis, while gestational age and duration of FiO2 greater than 0.4 are much less influential. Blood transfusions and artificial ventilation do not seem important in the MLR of either group. When ROP is regressed on the number of paO2 values above 100 torr and gestational age or on the number of paCO2 values above 50 torr and gestational age, the regression coefficients of these variables drop to near zero at a gestational age of about 32 weeks. This loss of weight of the two variables paO2 and paCO2 with increasing gestational age coincides with a comparable drop of the relative incidence of ROP and the relative incidence of immature retinal vessels. It is hypothesized that it is the proportion of infants with an immature retinal vasculature in populations of given gestational ages rather than the gestational age itself which is responsible for the widely varying importance of certain factors during the development of ROP.
|
['Gestational Age', 'Humans', 'Hypercapnia', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Oxygen', 'Regression Analysis', 'Retina', 'Retinopathy of Prematurity', 'Risk']
| 3,753,693
|
[['G07.345.500.325.235.968', 'G08.686.320'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.888.852.544'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['A09.371.729'], ['C11.768.836', 'C16.614.521.731'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
High-administered activity In-111 octreotide therapy with concomitant radiosensitizing 5FU chemotherapy for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: preliminary experience.
|
INTRODUCTION: High-administered activity In-111 octreotide (HA-Oc) therapy has been used for patients with disseminated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) with high somatostatin receptor (SSR) expression. Combining HA-Oc with radiosensitizing 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy could enhance efficacy. Our other aim was to assess whether concomitant 5FU would contribute to significant additional toxicity.METHODS: Fifteen (15) consecutive patients who received 3 cycles of HA-Oc+5FU were evaluated. Symptomatic, octreoscan, computed tomography (CT), hormonal responses, and toxicity were reviewed at 3 months post-last treatment. Long-term follow-up was performed to death or April 2008 to assess late toxicity and time to progression requiring retreatment.RESULTS: At 3 months post-treatment, 67% of patients had symptomatic improvement, with 20% experiencing a complete resolution of symptoms. Overall, 90% achieved stabilization or a decrease in hormone levels. Octreoscan improvement/stabilization occurred in 95% and CT stabilization in 80% of patients with previously progressive disease, but no partial or complete regression by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Transient lymphopenia and nausea were the most common side-effects, and there was no significant renal or grade 4 hematologic toxicity. Subacute side-effects included a peripherally inserted central catheter line thrombosis (1 patient), discomfort/pain associated with lesion necrosis, and 1 lymph node swelling. Median time to retreatment was 23 months (range, 6-34) for 10 patients. Six (6) patients deceased (no deaths directly related to 5FU); 9 patients (60%) are alive at 36-139 months.CONCLUSIONS: HA-Oc+5FU achieve a high rate of symptomatic response associated with stabilization/improvement in hormonal and functional scan abnormalities. Combination treatment achieved disease stabilization in the majority of patients with previously progressive disease. There was no significant observed increase in toxicity with additional 5FU, making it a promising adjunct to radiopeptide receptor therapy for progressive NET.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Fluorouracil', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'Indium Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neuroendocrine Tumors', 'Octreotide', 'Radiation-Sensitizing Agents', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Receptors, Somatostatin', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 19,877,882
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D03.383.742.698.875.404'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.496.749.460'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.465.625.650', 'C04.557.580.625.650'], ['D04.345.566.650', 'D12.644.641.650'], ['D27.505.954.600'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.850', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.760', 'D12.776.543.750.750.580.720', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.800'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Separation and detection of rare cells in a microfluidic disk via negative selection.
|
Cyto-analysis of rare cells often requires separation and detection with each procedure posing substantial challenges. This paper presents a disk-based microfluidic platform for both procedures via an immunomagnetic negative selection process. The microfluidic platform's unique features include a multistage magnetic gradient to trap labeled cells in double trapping areas, drainage of fluid to substantially shorten detection time, and a bin-like regions to capture target cells to facilitate a seamless enumeration process. Proof-of-concept was conducted using MCF7 as target rare cells (stained with anti-cytokeratin-FITC antibodies) spiked into Jurkat Clone E6-1 non-target cells (labeled with anti-CD45-PE and anti-PE BD magnetic beads). Then, mononuclear cells (MNC) from healthy blood donors were mixed with MCF7s, modeling rare cells, and tested in the disk. Results show a non-linear magnetic coupling effect of the multistage magnet substantially increased the trapping efficacy over that of a single magnet, contributing to the depletion rate of Jurkats, which reaches 99.96%. Detection time is extensively shortened by depletion of 95% of non-cell-containing fluid in the collection area. The average yield of detected MCF7 cells is near-constant 60 ± 10% over a wide range of rarity from 10(-3) to 10(-6) and this yield also holds for the MCF7/MNC complex mixture. Comparison with autoMACS and BD IMagnet separators revealed the average yield from the disk (60%) is superior to that of autoMACS (37.3%) and BD IMagnet (48.3%). The advantages of near-constant yield, roughly 30 min of operation, an acceptable level of cell loss, and potentially low cost system should aid in cyto-analysis of rare cells.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Humans', 'Immunomagnetic Separation', 'Jurkat Cells', 'Keratins', 'Leukocyte Common Antigens', 'Leukocytes', 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques']
| 21,088,774
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.437', 'E05.200.500.363.441', 'E05.242.363.441'], ['A11.251.210.190.495', 'A11.251.860.180.495', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.440'], ['D05.750.078.593.450', 'D12.776.220.475.450', 'D12.776.860.607'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775.400.100.500', 'D12.644.360.587.100.500', 'D12.776.476.592.100.500', 'D12.776.543.733.937.500'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E05.588.465']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
ShearWave elastography of fetal lungs in pregnant baboons.
|
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reproducibility of transabdominal ShearWave elastography of fetal lungs in pregnant baboons.MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 9-month period (03/2013-12/2013), two operators prospectively performed ultrasound examinations of fetal lung in pregnant baboons in a primate research center. Evaluation of fetal lungs was first performed in B mode. The ShearWave elastography mode was then activated. Three elasticity measurements were performed by each operator for each lung. Each time, the operator recorded whether the lung was distal or proximal regarding the distance to the probe. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).RESULTS: Twenty-one pregnant baboons were included and ultrasound examinations were performed between 1 and 3 times on each baboon. Measurements were feasible by both operators in 100% of the cases. Intra-observer ICC for the single values of proximal and distal lungs were 0.336 (95% CI: 0.191-0.484) and 0.433 (95% CI: 0.292-0.570), respectively. Intra-observer ICC for the average values of proximal and distal lungs were 0.603 (95% CI: 0.415-0.738) and 0.697 (95% CI: 0.553-0.799), respectively. Inter-observer ICC for the single values of proximal and distal lungs were 0.654 (95% CI: 0.422-0.806) and 0.421 (95% CI: 0.113-0.654), respectively. Inter-observer ICC for the average values of proximal and distal lungs were 0.791 (95% CI: 0.593-0.893) and 0.592 (95% CI: 0.203-0.791), respectively.CONCLUSION: Transabdominal ShearWave elastography of fetal lungs in pregnant baboons is feasible. However, intra- and inter-operator reproducibility is acceptable when the mean of three measurements is used. Further studies are thus needed before an objective study of lung maturity with ShearWave elastography can be carried out.
|
['Animals', 'Elasticity Imaging Techniques', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Lung', 'Papio', 'Pregnancy', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Ultrasonography, Prenatal']
| 27,085,721
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.370.350.850.270'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['A16.378'], ['A04.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.610'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.350.850.865', 'E01.370.378.630.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Urea transport in freshly isolated and cultured cells from rat inner medullary collecting duct.
|
Regulation of urea transport by vasopressin in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells is thought to be important for the urinary concentrating mechanism. Isolated tubule perfusion studies suggest the existence of a saturable urea carrier. We have measured 14C-urea efflux in IMCD cells which were freshly isolated and grown in primary culture. Cells were isolated from rat papilla by collagenase digestion and hypotonic shock. In suspended cells, 14C-urea efflux (Jurea) from loaded cells was exponential with time constant 59 +/- 3 sec (SEM, n = 6, 23 degrees C). Jurea had an activation energy of 4.1 kcal/mole and was inhibited 42 +/- 7% by 0.25 mM phloretin and 30-40% by the high affinity urea analogues dimethylurea and phenylurea. Jurea was increased 40-60% by addition of vasopressin (10(-8) M) or 8-bromo-cAMP (1 mM); stimulated Jurea was inhibited 55 +/- 8% by the kinase A inhibitor H-8. Phorbol esters and epidermal growth factor did not alter Jurea. IMCD cells grown in primary culture were homogeneous in appearance with greater than fivefold stimulation of cAMP by vasopressin. The exponential time constant for urea efflux was 610 +/- 20 sec (n = 3). Jurea was not altered by vasopressin, cAMP or phloretin. Another function of in vivo IMCD cells, vasopressin-dependent formation of endosomes containing water channels, was absent in the cultured cells. These results demonstrate presence of a urea transporter on suspended IMCD cells which is activated by cAMP and inhibited by phloretin and urea analogues. The urea transporter and its regulation by cAMP, and cAMP-dependent apical membrane endocytosis, are lost after growth in primary culture.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Transport', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclic AMP', 'Female', 'Kidney Medulla', 'Kinetics', 'Osmosis', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Urea', 'Vasopressins']
| 2,172,546
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.143'], ['A11.251'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.395', 'D13.695.462.200', 'D13.695.667.138.395', 'D13.695.827.068.395'], ['A05.810.453.466'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400'], ['D02.065.950'], ['D06.472.699.631.692.781', 'D12.644.400.900', 'D12.644.456.925', 'D12.644.548.691.692.781', 'D12.776.631.650.937']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of RF heating on hip joint implant in phantom during MRI examinations.
|
PURPOSE: We evaluate radiofrequency (RF) heating of two kinds of hip joint implants of different sizes, shapes and materials. Temperature rises at various positions of each implant are measured and compared with a computer simulation based on electromagnetic-field analysis.METHODS: Two kinds of implants made of cobalt-chromium alloy and titanium alloy were embedded at a 2-cm depth of tissue-equivalent gel-phantom. The phantom was placed parallel to the static magnetic field of a 1.5 T MRI device. Scans were conducted at the specific absorption rate of 2.5 W/kg for 15 min, and temperatures were recorded with RF-transparent fiberoptic sensors. Temperatures of the implant surface were measured at 6 positions, from the tip to the head. Measured temperature rises were compared with the results of electromagnetic-field analysis.RESULTS: The maximum temperature rise was observed at the tip of each implant, and it was 9.0 degrees C for the cobalt- chromium implant and 5.3 degrees C for the titanium implant. The simulated heating positions with electromagnetic-field analysis accorded with experimental results. However, a difference in temperature rise was seen with the titanium implant.CONCLUSION: RF heating was confirmed to take place at both ends of the implants in spite of their different shapes. The maximum temperature rise was observed at the tip where there is large curvature. The value was found to depend on physical properties of the implant materials. The discrepancy between experimental and simulated temperature rises was presumed to be the result of an incomplete model for the titanium implant.
|
['Chromium Alloys', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Hot Temperature', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Phantoms, Imaging', 'Prostheses and Implants', 'Radio Waves', 'Titanium']
| 20,702,992
|
[['D01.220.175', 'D01.552.033.182', 'D25.058.224', 'D25.339.208.224', 'J01.637.051.058.224', 'J01.637.051.339.208.224'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E07.671'], ['E07.695'], ['G01.358.500.505.810', 'G01.750.250.810', 'G01.750.770.721'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Multiple P2Y receptors mediate contraction in guinea pig mesenteric vein.
|
Vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous adenine and pyrimidine nucleotides were measured in endothelium-denuded segments of guinea pig mesenteric vein and compared with responses in mesenteric artery. The rank order of potency for nucleotides in veins was: 2-MeSADP = 2-MeSATP > UTP > ATPgammaS = alpha,betaMeATP > UDP = ATP > ADP >> beta,gamma-D-MeATP = beta,gamma-L-MeATP. In contrast 2-MeSADP, UTP, and UDP were inactive in arteries, and the rank order of potency of other nucleotides differed; that is, alpha,betaMeATP > beta, gamma-D-MeATP > beta,gamma-L-MeATP = ATPgammaS = 2-MeSATP > ATP > ADP. In veins, UTP, ATP, and 2-MeSATP were more efficacious contractile agents than alpha,beta MeATP. In addition, the ability to desensitize responses to these nucleotides and inhibit them with various blockers differed. The response to alpha,betaMeATP in veins exhibited rapid desensitization and was inhibited by pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid tetrasodium (PPADS) and suramin. The response to 2-MeSATP in veins did not desensitize; nor was it inhibited by prior alpha,betaMeATP desensitization, but it was inhibited by PPADS, suramin, and the selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (ABP, 10-100 microM). Responses to ATP and UTP in veins did not desensitize and were not inhibited by PPADS, suramin, ABP, or alpha, betaMeATP desensitization. In conclusion, our results suggest that venous contraction to a variety of nucleotides is mediated in large part by P2Y receptors including P2Y(1) receptors and an UTP-preferring P2Y receptor. A small component of contraction also appears to be mediated by P2X(1) receptors. This receptor profile differs markedly from that of mesenteric arteries in which P2X(1) receptors predominate.
|
['Adenine Nucleotides', 'Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Guinea Pigs', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Male', 'Mesenteric Artery, Inferior', 'Mesenteric Veins', 'Muscle Contraction', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Potassium Chloride', 'Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists', 'Pyridoxal Phosphate', 'Pyrimidine Nucleotides', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2', 'Receptors, Purinergic P2X', 'Suramin', 'Uridine Triphosphate']
| 10,974,420
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138', 'D13.695.667.138', 'D13.695.827.068'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['E05.481'], ['A07.015.114.565.510'], ['A07.015.908.670.385'], ['G11.427.494'], ['A02.633.570.491', 'A07.015.733.500', 'A10.690.467.491'], ['D01.210.450.150.750', 'D01.745.625'], ['D27.505.519.625.725.400.200', 'D27.505.696.577.725.400.200'], ['D03.383.725.676.925.500.500', 'D08.211.740'], ['D03.383.742.686', 'D13.695.740'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.700.720', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.400.750', 'D12.776.543.550.450.500.600', 'D12.776.543.585.400.500.600', 'D12.776.543.750.695.700.720.250', 'D12.776.543.750.720.700.720.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.638.555.750', 'D02.886.645.600.080.050.650.750', 'D04.615.638.555.750'], ['D03.383.742.686.850.950', 'D13.695.740.850.950', 'D13.695.827.919.950']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A dynamical system perspective to understanding badminton singles game play.
|
By altering the task constraints of cooperative and competitive game contexts in badminton, insights can be obtained from a dynamical systems perspective to investigate the underlying processes that results in either a gradual shift or transition of playing patterns. Positional data of three pairs of skilled female badminton players (average age 20.5±1.38years) were captured and analyzed. Local correlation coefficient, which provides information on the relationship of players' displacement data, between each pair of players was computed for angle and distance from base position. Speed scalar product was in turn established from speed vectors of the players. The results revealed two patterns of playing behaviors (i.e., in-phase and anti-phase patterns) for movement displacement. Anti-phase relation was the dominant coupling pattern for speed scalar relationships among the pairs of players. Speed scalar product, as a collective variable, was different between cooperative and competitive plays with a greater variability in amplitude seen in competitive plays leading to a winning point. The findings from this study provide evidence for increasing stroke variability to perturb existing stable patterns of play and highlights the potential for speed scalar product to be a collective variable to distinguish different patterns of play (e.g., cooperative and competitive).
|
['Acceleration', 'Athletic Performance', 'Competitive Behavior', 'Cooperative Behavior', 'Distance Perception', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Orientation', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Racquet Sports', 'Young Adult']
| 24,075,690
|
[['G01.482.107'], ['I03.450.642.845.054'], ['F01.145.813.105'], ['F01.145.813.115'], ['F02.463.593.200.390', 'F02.463.593.778.255.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.058.577', 'F02.830.606'], ['F02.808', 'G11.427.700', 'G11.561.660'], ['I03.450.642.845.600'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Interaction of Candida albicans with human leukocytes and serum.
|
A quantitative assay of candidacidal activity based on differential staining of non-viable Candida albicans by methylene blue was developed and applied to studies of leukocytes from normal individuals and patients with fungal and other infections. Serum factors were necessary for optimal phagocytosis of C. albicans but lacked direct candidacidal activity. Normal human neutrophils (38 studies) killed 29.0 +/- 7.4% of ingested C. albicans in 1 hr. Eosinophils and monocytes killed a smaller percentage. Neutrophil candidacidal activity did not require protein or ribonucleic acid synthesis by the leukocyte but was inhibited by anaerobic conditions, potassium cyanide, and colchicine. Leukocytes of a patient with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency and of three children with chronic granulomatous disease phagocytized C. albicans normally, yet failed to kill them. Our data suggest that the neutrophil can play an important role in resistance to Candida infection and that the lysosomal enzyme myeloperoxidase and its oxidant substrate hydrogen peroxide are the major participants in neutrophil candidacidal activity.
|
['Blood', 'Candida', 'Child', 'Chronic Disease', 'Eosinophils', 'Female', 'Granuloma', 'Humans', 'Immunity', 'Infections', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Methods', 'Methylene Blue', 'Monocytes', 'Mycoses', 'Neutrophils', 'Peroxidases', 'Phagocytosis', 'Staining and Labeling']
| 4,182,532
|
[['A12.207.152', 'A15.145'], ['B01.300.107.795.095', 'B01.300.381.147', 'B01.300.930.176'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['A11.118.637.415.345', 'A11.627.340.345', 'A15.145.229.637.415.345', 'A15.382.490.315.251'], ['C15.604.515.292', 'C23.550.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G12.450'], ['C01'], ['A11.118.637', 'A15.145.229.637', 'A15.382.490'], ['E05.581'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['A11.118.637.555.652', 'A11.148.580', 'A11.627.624', 'A11.733.547', 'A15.145.229.637.555.652', 'A15.378.316.580', 'A15.382.490.555.652', 'A15.382.670.547', 'A15.382.680.547'], ['C01.150.703'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.682.732'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670', 'E05.200.500.620.670', 'E05.200.750.600.670']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides is dependent on the cell cycle in rat 3Y1 cells.
|
Synchronized cultures of rat 3Y1 cells, prepared by the density-arrested method, were used to investigate the relationship of N-glycosylation to the cell cycle. Although total cellular proteins were synthesized independently of the cell cycle, the synthesis of membrane-bound proteins was found to be dependent on the cell cycle, the time of maximum synthesis being just before that of maximum DNA synthesis. The synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLO), which are utilized as intermediates in N-glycosylation, increased in the S phase to a level at least ten times higher than in the G1, G2, and M periods. Moreover, the activities of dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase and farnesyl diphosphate synthase, which synthesize the precursors of dolichol, also increased in the S phase concomitantly with LLO synthesis. However, since the cell cycle dependency curves of these two enzyme activities were somewhat broader than that of LLO synthesis, the rate-limiting enzyme in the regulation of LLO synthesis might be another one such as dehydrodolichol reductase. These results suggest that LLO synthesis is regulated by multiple synthetic enzymes which are activated in a cell cycle dependent manner.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Glycosylation', 'Lipids', 'Oligosaccharides', 'Rats']
| 9,133,608
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['D10'], ['D09.698.629'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intestinal helminths and their influence on the indicators of iron status in the elderly.
|
The intestinal helminthiasis and hematological status was assessed in 100 elderly residents of two low-land communities, one at sea-level and the other at 61; m, equally representative of men and women. These are beth low-income communities. The population showed a 48% helminth infection rate which consisted of hookworm, Trichuris, and Ascaris infection. The prevalence of each of the individual parasites was considered light to moderate and the intensity of infection was generally low in this population. A strong inverse association between intensity of hookworm infection and hemoglobin levels was observed but only at intensities greater than 2,000 eggs/gram feces. Lower intensities of infection had no apparent influence on hematological status. The evaluation of hematological status using hematocrit and hemoglobin showed different prevalences of risk of anemia of 14.1% and 43.8%, respectively. These differences may reflect the chosen cut-off values. Iron deficiency does not appear to be a major problem in this population with only 5% or 11% having absent stores using the low and high cut-off values of circulating serum ferritin, respectively.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Anemia, Iron-Deficiency', 'Animals', 'Ascariasis', 'Erythrocyte Count', 'Feces', 'Female', 'Ferritins', 'Guatemala', 'Helminthiasis', 'Helminths', 'Hematocrit', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hookworm Infections', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic', 'Intestines', 'Iron', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nutritional Status', 'Prevalence', 'Protoporphyrins', 'Trichuriasis']
| 10,995,086
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C15.378.071.196.300', 'C18.452.565.100'], ['B01.050'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.100.070'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.330', 'E01.370.225.625.107.330', 'E05.200.500.195.107.330', 'E05.200.625.107.330', 'E05.242.195.107.330', 'G04.140.107.330', 'G09.188.105.330'], ['A12.459'], ['D12.776.157.427.249', 'D12.776.556.579.249'], ['Z01.107.169.454'], ['C01.610.335'], ['B01.050.500.500'], ['E01.370.225.625.400', 'E05.200.625.400', 'G09.188.370.374'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['C01.610.335.508.700.775.455'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C01.610.432', 'C06.405.469.452'], ['A03.556.124'], ['D01.268.556.412', 'D01.268.956.287', 'D01.552.544.412'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G07.203.650.650', 'N01.224.425.525'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.725', 'D03.633.400.909.500.725', 'D04.345.783.500.725', 'D23.767.727.725'], ['C01.610.335.508.100.275.895']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
14-3-3ó attenuates RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance through activation of Erk and p38 in gastric cancer cells.
|
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) promotes tumor growth and malignant progression and enhances chemoresistance of gastric cancer. Recently, we noted an inverse correlation between RhoGDI2 and 14-3-3ó expression, which suggests that 14-3-3ó is a target of gastric cancer metastasis and the chemoresistance-promoting effect of RhoGDI2. Herein, we evaluated whether 14-3-3ó is regulated by RhoGDI2 and is functionally important for the RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer cells. We used highly metastatic and cisplatin-resistant RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells and observed decreased 14-3-3ó mRNA and protein expression. Depletion of 14-3-3ó in SNU-484 control cells enhanced cisplatin resistance, whereas restoration of 14-3-3ó in RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells impaired cisplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo. We also found that the phosphorylation levels of Erk and p38 kinases significantly decreased in RhoGDI2-overexpressing SNU-484 cells and recovered after 14-3-3ó expression, and that decreased activities of these kinases were critical for RhoGDI2-induced cisplatin resistance. In conclusion, 14-3-3ó is a RhoGDI2-regulated gene that appears to be important for suppressing the chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells.
|
['14-3-3 Proteins', 'Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Movement', 'Cisplatin', 'Disease Progression', 'Down-Regulation', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Exoribonucleases', 'Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'MCF-7 Cells', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'RNA, Small Interfering', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Transfection', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases', 'rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor beta']
| 24,185,104
|
[['D12.644.360.024.050', 'D12.776.157.057.002', 'D12.776.476.024.050'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['D23.101.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.198', 'G07.568.500.180'], ['D01.210.375', 'D01.625.125', 'D01.710.100'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['G07.690.773.984.395'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D08.811.277.352.365.300', 'D08.811.277.352.700.375'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.249', 'D12.644.360.450.169', 'D12.776.476.450.169'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['A11.251.210.190.630'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['D13.150.650.700', 'D13.444.735.150.700', 'D13.444.735.790.552.875'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835'], ['D12.644.360.325.225.500.200', 'D12.776.476.325.225.500.200', 'D23.050.301.500.600.850', 'D23.050.705.552.600.700']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differences in food intake and nutritional habits between Spanish adolescents who engage in ski activity and those who do not.
|
BACKGROUND: Increasing obesity among adolescents in the industrialized world may result from poor nutritional habits and inadequate exercise.AIM: To determine differences in food intake, nutritional habits, and body mass index between Spanish adolescents who engage in ski activity and those who do not.METHODS: A socio-demographic survey, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hr dietary recall, and physical activity questionnaire were completed by 300 Spanish schoolchildren aged 10 to 18 yrs. RESULTS were compared (Student's t, chi-square and Fisher's exact test) between adolescents engaged (SP) and not engaged (N-SP) in skiing according to their sex.RESULTS: SP adolescents devoted > 4 h/day to physical activity versus < 1 h for N-SP adolescents. No significant differences were found in nutrient intake or nutritional habits between SP and N-SP adolescents. Protein and fat intakes of both groups were above recommended levels. A higher proportion of N-SP than SP males were overweight. Logistic regression analysis showed that the maintenance of a normal weight was favored by the practice of skiing, the consumption of sugar-free drinks, and supplementation with vitamins/mineral salts and was negatively associated with body weight dissatisfaction, intake of nutritional supplements other than vitamins or minerals, and the consumption of snacks.CONCLUSIONS: The diet of this adolescent population was poorly balanced. Engagement in physical activity appears to be a key factor in maintaining a healthy body mass index.
|
['Adolescent', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Eating', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motor Activity', 'Sex Factors', 'Skiing', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Spain', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 25,617,584
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.145.632', 'G11.427.410.698'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['I03.450.642.845.787.500'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Anterior wedge-shaped bone graft for old scaphoid fractures or non-unions. An analysis of relevant carpal alignment.
|
For appraisal of anterior wedge-shaped grafts for the humpback deformity of the scaphoid, a retrospective study of 27 cases with old scaphoid fractures or non-unions was carried out. 11 cases were treated with Herbert screw fixation and anterior wedge-shaped graft and the other cases with other methods. For the assessment of carpal alignment, radio-lunate and scapho-lunate angles were measured with peri-operative radiographs. For the clinical assessment, the scoring system of Cooney was applied. In 25 cases, primary bone union was obtained with one attempt and in two cases, with the second operation. Union was achieved in a mean of 3.4 months. The post-operative wrist score ranged from 65 to 100 with an average 81.2 points. There was a statistically significant relationship between the wrist score and the post-operative scapho-lunate angulation of the affected wrist. The humpback deformity of scaphoid non-union should be treated precisely with carpal realignment surgery or anterior wedge-shaped bone graft.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Carpal Bones', 'Female', 'Fracture Healing', 'Fractures, Ununited', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Radiography', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies']
| 7,797,969
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['A02.835.232.087.319.150'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['C26.404.468'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Recollection of pain due to inappropriate versus appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks.
|
BACKGROUND: Although inappropriate shocks are known to be an important consequence of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), the subjective experience of pain intensity perceived by those receiving inappropriate versus appropriate shocks has not previously been examined.METHODS: One hundred ICD patients underwent a standardized interview by an investigator blinded to the clinical history. Patients with a previous ICD shock were asked to describe the intensity of the associated pain on a standard 0-10 scale (10 being the worst pain they had ever experienced). Medical charts were then examined for any history of inappropriate and/or appropriate ICD discharges.RESULTS: Thirty-five of the 100 patients had a record of at least one ICD shock, and 17 had experienced at least one inappropriate shock. Those with a history of an inappropriate shock described a significantly higher median pain scale (9, interquartile range [IQR] 8-10) compared to those with a history of only appropriate shocks (median 4, IQR 2-8, P = 0.0011). In multivariable analysis, a history of an inappropriate shock was the only predictor statistically significantly associated with an increase in shock pain: the pain scale for those with inappropriate shocks was higher by 2.8 points on average after multivariable adjustment (95% confidence interval 0.29-5, P = 0.030). Eighteen patients had considered having their device deactivated, and a history of an inappropriate shock was the only factor independently associated with this consideration.CONCLUSIONS: Compared to those who have received only appropriate shocks, inappropriate ICD shocks are associated with a recollection of greater pain and consideration of device inactivation.
|
['California', 'Comorbidity', 'Defibrillators, Implantable', 'Electric Injuries', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors']
| 21,077,915
|
[['Z01.107.567.875.580.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.760.200'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E07.305.250.159.175', 'E07.305.250.319.175', 'E07.695.202.175'], ['C26.324'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Geographicals [Z]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Relationship between patient safety and hospital surgical volume.
|
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between hospital volume and in-hospital adverse events.DATA SOURCES: Patient safety indicator (PSI) was used to identify hospital-acquired adverse events in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database in abdominal aortic aneurysm, coronary artery bypass graft, and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass from 2005 to 2008.STUDY DESIGN: In this observational study, volume thresholds were defined by mean year-specific terciles. PSI risk-adjusted rates were analyzed by volume tercile for each procedure.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Overall, hospital volume was inversely related to preventable adverse events. High-volume hospitals had significantly lower risk-adjusted PSI rates compared to lower volume hospitals (p < .05).CONCLUSION: These data support the relationship between hospital volume and quality health care delivery in select surgical cases. This study highlights differences between hospital volume and risk-adjusted PSI rates for three common surgical procedures and highlights areas of focus for future studies to identify pathways to reduce hospital-acquired events.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Female', 'Gastric Bypass', 'Health Facility Size', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Patient Safety', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Surgery Department, Hospital', 'United States']
| 22,091,561
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C14.907.055.239.075', 'C14.907.109.139.075'], ['E04.100.376.719.332', 'E04.100.814.868.750', 'E04.928.220.520.220'], ['E02.650.500.062.249', 'E04.035.398.385', 'E04.062.249', 'E04.210.457.430'], ['N02.278.306', 'N05.300.430.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['N02.278.216.500.968.750', 'N04.452.442.452.422.750'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification of lipid components of human serum lipoproteins involved in the inhibition of Sindbis virus infectivity, hemagglutination, and hemolysis.
|
Human serum high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were isolated and tested for their ability to inhibit Sindbis virus infectivity, hemagglutination and hemolysis. VLDL and LDL produced a strong reduction on both viral infectivity on Vero cell monolayers and attachment and fusion with erythrocytes, whereas HDL appeared to be only a weak inhibitor. Lipid and protein components were extracted from each class of lipoproteins to identify the molecules responsible for the inhibiting activity. Only the lipid moiety was found to inhibit Sindbis virus biological activities. Among the individual lipid components of lipoproteins, neutral lipids (cholesterol, oleic acid and palmitic acid) and negatively charged phospholipids (phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol) and glycolipids (GM 3 ganglioside and cerebroside sulphate) were able to neutralize the virus suggesting that either hydrophobic or electrostatic interactions are involved in the inhibition.
|
['Apoproteins', 'Cholesterol, VLDL', 'Epitopes', 'Female', 'Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests', 'Hemolysis', 'Humans', 'Lipids', 'Lipoproteins, HDL', 'Lipoproteins, LDL', 'Male', 'Neutralization Tests', 'Sindbis Virus', 'Viral Proteins']
| 2,463,824
|
[['D12.776.070'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.247', 'D10.532.599.700', 'D10.570.938.208.285', 'D12.776.521.622.700'], ['D23.050.550'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.370', 'E05.200.812.735.370', 'E05.478.594.760.370'], ['C23.550.403', 'G12.122.545'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10'], ['D10.532.432', 'D12.776.521.479'], ['D10.532.515', 'D12.776.521.550'], ['E01.370.225.812.735.550', 'E05.200.812.735.550', 'E05.478.594.760.550'], ['B04.820.578.875.054.860'], ['D12.776.964']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Activity of ciprofloxacin against multiply resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and group JK corynebacteria.
|
The susceptibilities of multiply resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeurginosa to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and several beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were evaluated. Ciprofloxacin also was compared with methicillin and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and group JK corynebacteria. Ciprofloxacin exhibited the lowest MICs and MBCs for 90% of the isolates among all of the antibiotics tested against P. aeruginosa. In addition, ciprofloxacin exhibited excellent bactericidal activity against the gram-positive organisms. Clinical trials are necessary to confirm the in vitro results and monitor for emergence of resistance.
|
['Actinomycetales', 'Cefotaxime', 'Ciprofloxacin', 'Gentamicins', 'Humans', 'Methicillin', 'Mezlocillin', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Norfloxacin', 'Penicillin Resistance', 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Staphylococcus epidermidis', 'Ticarcillin', 'Vancomycin']
| 3,101,589
|
[['B03.510.024.049'], ['D02.065.589.099.249.190.190', 'D02.886.665.074.190.190', 'D03.633.100.300.249.190.190'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.186'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.500', 'D02.886.108.750.500', 'D03.633.100.300.750.500'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750.050.500', 'D02.886.108.750.750.050.500', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750.050.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['D03.633.100.810.835.322.374'], ['G06.099.225.500.600', 'G06.225.347.500.600', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600'], ['B03.440.400.425.625.625.100', 'B03.660.250.580.590.050'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.343', 'B03.353.500.750.750.343', 'B03.510.100.750.750.343', 'B03.510.400.790.750.343'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.875', 'D02.886.108.750.875', 'D03.633.100.300.750.875'], ['D09.400.420.925', 'D12.644.233.925']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Australian songbird body size tracks climate variation: 82 species over 50 years.
|
The observed variation in the body size responses of endotherms to climate change may be explained by two hypotheses: the size increases with climate variability (the starvation resistance hypothesis) and the size shrinks as mean temperatures rise (the heat exchange hypothesis). Across 82 Australian passerine species over 50 years, shrinking was associated with annual mean temperature rise exceeding 0.012°C driven by rising winter temperatures for arid and temperate zone species. We propose the warming winters hypothesis to explain this response. However, where average summer temperatures exceeded 34°C, species experiencing annual rise over 0.0116°C tended towards increasing size. Results suggest a broad-scale physiological response to changing climate, with size trends probably reflecting the relative strength of selection pressures across a climatic regime. Critically, a given amount of temperature change will have varying effects on phenotype depending on the season in which it occurs, masking the generality of size patterns associated with temperature change. Rather than phenotypic plasticity, and assuming body size is heritable, results suggest selective loss or gain of particular phenotypes could generate evolutionary change but may be difficult to detect with current warming rates.
|
['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Animals', 'Australia', 'Biological Evolution', 'Body Size', 'Climate Change', 'Phenotype', 'Seasons', 'Songbirds', 'Temperature']
| 31,771,472
|
[['G07.025', 'G16.012.500'], ['B01.050'], ['Z01.639.100', 'Z01.678.100.373'], ['G05.045', 'G16.075'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160', 'E05.041.124.160', 'G07.100.100.160', 'G07.345.249.314'], ['G16.500.175.374'], ['G05.695'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.620.750'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Discovery of novel pyrazolopyrimidinone analogs as potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type-5.
|
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) specific phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5), a clinically proven target to treat erectile dysfunction and diseases associated with lower cGMP levels in humans, is present in corpus cavernosum, heart, lung, platelets, prostate, urethra, bladder, liver, brain, and stomach. Sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil and avanafil are FDA approved drugs in market as PDE5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction. In the present study a lead molecule 4-ethoxy-N-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-3-(1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide, that is, compound-4a, an analog of pyrazolopyrimidinone scaffold has been identified as selective PDE5 inhibitor. A series of compounds was synthesized by replacing N-methylpiperazine moiety (ring-C) of sildenafil structure with different N-substitutions towards sulfonamide end. Compound-4a showed lower IC₅₀ value (1.5 nM) against PDE5 than parent sildenafil (5.6 nM) in in vitro enzyme assay. The isoform selectivity of the compound-4a against other PDE isoforms was similar to that of the Sildenafil. In corroboration with the in vitro data, this molecule showed better efficacy in in vivo studies using the conscious rabbit model. Also compound-4a exhibited good physicochemical properties like solubility, caco-2 permeability, cLogP along with optimal PK profile having no significant CYP enzyme inhibitory liabilities. Discovery of these novel bioactive compounds may open a new alternative for developing novel preclinical candidates based on this drugable scaffold.
|
['Animals', 'Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Discovery', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Molecular Structure', 'Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors', 'Pyrazoles', 'Pyrimidinones', 'Rabbits', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 25,801,159
|
[['B01.050'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.150.500', 'D08.811.277.352.640.155.500', 'D12.644.360.008.500', 'D12.644.360.009.500', 'D12.776.476.008.500', 'D12.776.476.009.500'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.295', 'H01.158.703.007.675', 'H01.181.466.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D27.505.519.389.735.500'], ['D03.383.129.539'], ['D03.383.742.698'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Antipsychotic drugs inhibit the function of breast cancer resistance protein.
|
The ABCG2 transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) has been identified in several physiological sites. It has been suggested to play an important role in disposition of many drugs and environmental toxins. We investigated the effects of several antipsychotic drugs, including risperidone, 9-hydroxy-risperidone (paliperidone), olanzapine, quetiapine, clozapine, haloperidol and chlorpromazine, and a positive control inhibitor Ko143 on functions of BCRP in MCF7 and BCRP over-expressing MCF7/MX100 cell lines using a BCRP prototypical substrate mitoxantrone. Our findings indicated that the tested antipsychotics rank order of potency of inhibition of BCRP according to concentrations required to reach 50% of maximum inhibition (IC(50)) was as follows: Ko143 (0.07 microM) > risperidone (38.1 microM) > clozapine (42.0 microM) > paliperidone (51 microM) > chlorpromazine (52.2 microM) > quetiapine (66.1 microM) > olanzapine = haloperidol (>100.0 microM). We further tested the effects of various concentrations of risperidone on the BCRP-mediated transport of oestrone-3-sulfate in a colon carcinoma cell line, Caco-2, a widely used model to study drug absorption. Our findings show that risperidone at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 microM significantly inhibited intracellular accumulation of oestrone-3-sulfate in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The present results suggest that a potential source of pharmacokinetic interactions exists between BCRP substrates and several antipsychotics.
|
['ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2', 'ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Caco-2 Cells', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Interactions', 'Estrone', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Humans', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Mitoxantrone', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 18,834,354
|
[['D12.776.157.530.100.228.500', 'D12.776.395.550.020.457.500', 'D12.776.543.550.192.457.500', 'D12.776.543.585.100.228.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.100', 'D12.776.395.550.020', 'D12.776.543.550.192', 'D12.776.543.585.100'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['A11.251.210.190.160', 'A11.251.860.180.160', 'A11.436.140'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.414', 'D04.210.500.578.502.497', 'D06.472.040.502.497', 'D06.472.334.851.437.996'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.117.159.500', 'D02.806.100.500', 'D04.615.117.159.500'], ['D12.776.624'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in the microbiota cause genetically modified Anopheles
|
The mosquito's innate immune system controls both Plasmodium and bacterial infections. We investigated the competitiveness of mosquitoes genetically modified to alter expression of their own anti-Plasmodium immune genes in a mixed-cage population with wild-type mosquitoes. We observed that genetically modified mosquitoes with increased immune activity in the midgut tissue did not have an observed fitness disadvantage and showed reduced microbial loads in both the midgut and reproductive organs. These changes result in a mating preference of genetically modified males for wild-type females, whereas wild-type males prefer genetically modified females. These changes foster the spread of the genetic modification in a mosquito cage population.
|
['Animals', 'Animals, Genetically Modified', 'Anopheles', 'Digestive System', 'Female', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Malaria', 'Male', 'Mating Preference, Animal', 'Mosquito Control', 'Plasmodium']
| 28,963,254
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.050.136', 'B05.620.136'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['A03'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G12.450.564'], ['C01.610.752.530', 'C01.920.875'], ['F01.145.113.252.748.300'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425.500'], ['B01.043.075.380.611']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Essential role of hemoglobin beta-93-cysteine in posthypoxia facilitation of breathing in conscious mice.
|
When erythrocyte hemoglobin (Hb) is fully saturated with O2, nitric oxide (NO) covalently binds to the cysteine 93 residue of the Hb â-chain (B93-CYS), forming S-nitrosohemoglobin. Binding of NO is allosterically coupled to the O2 saturation of Hb. As saturation falls, the NO group on B93-CYS is transferred to thiols in the erythrocyte, and in the plasma, forming circulating S-nitrosothiols. Here, we studied whether the changes in ventilation during and following exposure to a hypoxic challenge were dependent on erythrocytic B93-CYS. Studies were performed in conscious mice in which native murine Hb was replaced with human Hb (hB93-CYS mice) and in mice in which murine Hb was replaced with human Hb containing an alanine rather than cysteine at position 93 on the Bchain (hB93-ALA). Both strains expressed human ã-chain Hb, likely allowing a residual element of S-nitrosothiol-dependent signaling. While resting parameters and initial hypoxic (10% O2, 90% N2) ventilatory responses were similar in hB93-CYS mice and hB93-ALA mice, the excitatory ventilatory responses (short-term potentiation) that occurred once the mice were returned to room air were markedly diminished in hB93-ALA mice. Further, short-term potentiation responses were virtually absent in mice with bilateral transection of the carotid sinus nerves. These data demonstrate that hB93-CYS plays an essential role in mediating carotid sinus nerve-dependent short-term potentiation, an important mechanism for recovery from acute hypoxia.
|
['Animals', 'Carotid Sinus', 'Consciousness', 'Cysteine', 'Hemoglobins', 'Hypoxia', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Respiratory Mechanics', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 24,610,531
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.186.456'], ['F02.463.188.409', 'F02.830.233'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['D12.776.124.400', 'D12.776.422.316.762'], ['C23.888.852.079'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['E01.370.386.700.660', 'G09.772.650'], ['G09.772.705.700'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Vitreous hemorrhage secondary to juxtapapillary vascular hamartoma of the retina.
|
The authors report an unusual case with vitreous hemorrhage due to a vascular hamartoma of the optic nerve-head and treated by pars plana vitrectomy. Systemic abnormalities included a seizure disorder, periungual fibroma, and intracranial calcifications suggesting systemic tuberous sclerosis. However, the ocular lesion resembled a juxtapapillary pigment epithelial and retinal hamartoma or a capillary hemangioma rather than an astrocytic hamartoma. Vitreous hemorrhage has been reported previously in eyes with capillary hemangiomas and astrocytic hamartomas, but not in eyes with juxtapapillary pigment epithelial and retinal hamartomas. In young patients with vitreous hemorrhage of unknown cause, juxtapapillary hamartomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
|
['Adolescent', 'Eye Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Hemangioma', 'Hemorrhage', 'Humans', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Vitreous Body']
| 6,729,263
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.364', 'C11.319'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['C04.557.645.375'], ['C23.550.414'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A07.015.611'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of coexisting lipids on the action of Bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C toward liposomal substrate.
|
The hydrolytic activity of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from Bacillus thuringiensis was studied in detail toward mixed liposomes consisting of PI and one of other phospholipids and cholesterol. Among PI-liposomes, small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) were the most sensitive to PI-PLC; the enzymatic hydrolysis of PI in SUV was not less than 10-fold that in large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) or in multilamellar vesicles (MLV). Thus, in a survey of the effects of coexisting lipids on PI-PLC activity, PI-SUV was used. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) was stimulative for the enzyme activity toward PI-SUV at any molar ratio of PC to PI. Also, the effects of the addition of sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and cholesterol on the enzymatic hydrolysis of PI were studied in detail on the basis of concentration of total lipids or PI.
|
['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'Cholesterol', 'Lipids', 'Liposomes', 'Phosphatidylinositols', 'Type C Phospholipases']
| 1,799,944
|
[['B03.300.390.400.158.218.800', 'B03.353.500.100.218.800', 'B03.510.100.100.218.800', 'B03.510.415.400.158.218.800', 'B03.510.460.410.158.218.800'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D10'], ['D25.479.517', 'D26.255.260.517', 'J01.637.051.479.517', 'J01.637.087.500.517'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.942'], ['D08.811.277.352.640.700.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Purification and characterization of digitalislike factors from human plasma.
|
Increased levels of a humoral inhibitor of active sodium transport have been associated with the response to acute and chronic hypervolemia and various forms of experimental as well as human essential hypertension. In this report, we describe the purification of inhibitors of Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) from the plasma of volume-expanded individuals. Of the two amphipathic materials obtained, only one of the factors when present in high concentrations showed the slow time-dependent component of inactivation similar to that of the cardiac glycosides. Inhibition was reduced in the presence of plasma proteins and was freely reversible. Both factors inhibited potassium-dependent p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity and specific [3H]ouabain binding in a manner similar to the cardiac glycosides. In contrast to ouabain and vanadate, however, high concentrations of potassium or norepinephrine, respectively, did not affect the magnitude or kinetic characteristics of inhibition. Structural analysis by mass spectroscopy showed a mass of 444 for factor 1, whereas factor 2 was conclusively identified as lysophosphatidylcholine-gamma-palmitoyl. These factors probably inhibit Na+, K+-ATPase by a nonspecific mechanism involving reversible perturbation of lipid-enzyme interactions required for normal catalytic activity. The significance of these factors as modulators of sodium transport may be limited to pathological states associated with abnormalities in plasma protein binding or lipid metabolism. They do not appear to be directly related to the humorally mediated disturbance of cellular sodium transport in hypertension.
|
['4-Nitrophenylphosphatase', 'Blood Proteins', 'Blood Volume', 'Cardenolides', 'Cardiac Glycosides', 'Chromatography, Liquid', 'Digoxin', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Humans', 'Isotonic Solutions', 'Lysophospholipids', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Norepinephrine', 'Ouabain', 'Potassium', 'Saponins', 'Sodium Chloride', 'Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase', 'Vanadates']
| 2,824,370
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.575'], ['D12.776.124'], ['G09.188.130', 'G09.330.380.092'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130'], ['D04.210.500.155.580', 'D09.408.180'], ['E05.196.181.400'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.500.436', 'D04.210.500.155.580.130.688', 'D09.408.180.261.436'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D26.776.498'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.550'], ['D10.570'], ['D02.033.100.291.502', 'D02.092.063.480', 'D02.092.211.215.746', 'D02.092.311.830', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.830'], ['D04.210.500.155.580.130.750.600', 'D09.408.180.810.600'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['D09.408.782'], ['D01.210.450.150.875', 'D01.857.650'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.750', 'D12.776.157.530.450.162.780', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.880', 'D12.776.157.530.813.750', 'D12.776.543.585.450.162.800', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.890', 'D12.776.543.585.813.750'], ['D01.248.497.158.952', 'D01.960.960']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
High prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors among adolescents with intellectual disability.
|
UNLABELLED: Adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) have poor lifestyle-related health compared with the general population. Our aim was to study whether such differences are present already in adolescents.AIM: To compare the prevalence and severity of cardio-metabolic risk factors and cardio-vascular fitness in adolescents with and without IDs.METHODS: Intellectual disability (ID) students (n = 66) and non-intellectual disability (non-ID) students from practical (non-ID-p) (n = 34) and theoretical (non-ID-t) (n = 56) programmes were recruited from three upper secondary schools. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, body composition, fasting-insulin, fasting-glucose, fasting-lipids and cardio-vascular fitness were measured.RESULTS: Participants with and without ID differed significantly in the prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors with participants with ID having a higher percentage of total fat mass, wider waist circumferences (WCs), lower levels of fat-free mass (FFM), lower bone mineral density (BMD) and higher insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) levels and poorer cardio-vascular fitness. The healthiest levels were found in the non-ID-t group compared to the group with ID and the group with non-ID-p in between.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors and poor cardio-vascular fitness was found to be high in this young population with intellectual disabilities. Measures should be taken to improve the health messages directed towards children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
|
['Adolescent', 'Age Factors', 'Anthropometry', 'Body Composition', 'Body Mass Index', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Comorbidity', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Intellectual Disability', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Physical Fitness', 'Prevalence', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Factors', 'Sweden', 'Young Adult']
| 19,183,118
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['G02.111.130', 'G03.180', 'G07.100.049'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C14'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['C10.597.606.360', 'C23.888.592.604.646', 'F01.700.687', 'F03.625.539'], ['D10'], ['G11.427.685', 'I03.450.642.845.054.800', 'N01.400.545'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['Z01.542.816.500'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Biological atomism and cell theory.
|
Biological atomism postulates that all life is composed of elementary and indivisible vital units. The activity of a living organism is thus conceived as the result of the activities and interactions of its elementary constituents, each of which individually already exhibits all the attributes proper to life. This paper surveys some of the key episodes in the history of biological atomism, and situates cell theory within this tradition. The atomistic foundations of cell theory are subsequently dissected and discussed, together with the theory's conceptual development and eventual consolidation. This paper then examines the major criticisms that have been waged against cell theory, and argues that these too can be interpreted through the prism of biological atomism as attempts to relocate the true biological atom away from the cell to a level of organization above or below it. Overall, biological atomism provides a useful perspective through which to examine the history and philosophy of cell theory, and it also opens up a new way of thinking about the epistemic decomposition of living organisms that significantly departs from the physicochemical reductionism of mechanistic biology.
|
['Biology', 'Cell Biology', 'Cells', 'Dissent and Disputes', 'History, 18th Century', 'History, 19th Century', 'History, 20th Century', 'Life']
| 20,934,641
|
[['H01.158.273'], ['H01.158.100.433', 'H01.158.273.160'], ['A11'], ['F01.829.401.094', 'F02.463.785.373.476'], ['K01.400.504.875'], ['K01.400.504.937'], ['K01.400.504.968'], ['K01.752.400']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Changes in microtubule-associated tau protein in human neuroblastoma cells after phencyclidine.
|
1. A human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, was used to study the effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on microtubule-associated tau protein, which acts in vivo chiefly to induce the assembly of tubulin and in vitro to promote microtubule polymerization. 2. PCP (1.0 mM) decreased tau protein (50 kD) in the cytoplasmic (supernatant) fraction as well as in the membrane (pellet) fraction. 3. These changes in tau protein were accompanied by decreases of 30-95% in cell number after concentrations of PCP, 0.25-1.0 mM, respectively. 4. After 0.5 mM PCP cytoplasmic and membrane fractions of SH-SY5Y cells showed 100 and 84% increases in total protein, respectively.
|
['Blotting, Western', 'Cell Division', 'Cytoplasm', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Humans', 'Microtubules', 'Neuroblastoma', 'Phencyclidine', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'tau Proteins']
| 1,511,852
|
[['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.284.430.214'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.750.602'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.590.650.550', 'C04.557.470.670.590.650.550', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.650.550'], ['D03.383.621.699'], ['A11.251.860'], ['D12.776.220.600.450.510', 'D12.776.631.560.510']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Change in the splenic megakaryocytes of white rats during regeneration under varying conditions].
|
Different forms of megakaryocytes are found in the intact spleen of rats, with ring-like nucleus and in the form of multinuclear large cells. The division of megakaryocytes takes place by multipolar mitosis without any subsequent cytotomy. During the regeneration the megakaryocyte count and their mitotic activity displayed a sharp increase. The gravitation overload increased the megakaryocyte count and their mitotic activity even more. The use of the spleen extracts against the background of gravitation overload diminished the megakaryocyte count, but increased their mitotic activity. In hypokinetic conditions the number of megakaryocytes was sharply decreased and no mitoses were seen in these cells.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Gravitation', 'Megakaryocytes', 'Mitosis', 'Rats', 'Regeneration', 'Restraint, Physical', 'Spleen', 'Time Factors']
| 907,831
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['G01.060.350'], ['A11.148.479', 'A15.378.316.479'], ['G04.144.220.220.781', 'G05.113.220.781'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['G16.762'], ['E02.085.700', 'E05.472.760'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Macromolecular photoaffinity labeling of the lutropin receptor on granulosa cells.
|
Lutropin, a pituitary hormone, and human choriogonadotropin bind to the same receptors in the ovary and elicit identical responses. A photoactivable derivative of human choriogonadotropin was used to identify the lutropin receptor on porcine granulosa cells. The hormone was condensed with a heterobifunctional reagent, the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoylglycylglycine, and iodinated. The 125I-labeled hormone (125I-hormone) derivative associated with the same number of receptors as 125I-hormone itself did but with a slightly lower Ka, 2.98 X 10(9) M-1 compared with 5.1 X 10(9) M-1 for 125I-hormone. The binding could be blocked with untreated hormone or lutropin but not with follitropin, prolactin, insulin, or bovine serum albumin. Its alpha and beta subunits could be crosslinked to produce alpha beta dimer by photolysis, the extent of crosslinking being dependent upon the reagent concentration used for the derivatization: 22.8% at 50 microM, 37.3% at 100 microM, and 67.2% at 150 microM. When the 125I-hormone derivative bound to the cells was photolyzed for crosslinking and the products resolved by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions, three new bands of lower electrophoretic mobility appeared in addition to alpha, beta, and alpha beta bands. Formation of these crosslinked complexes required photolysis and the presence of both cells bearing the receptor and the 125I-hormone derivative. It could be blocked by excess untreated hormone. The three bands correspond to molecular weights, 96,000 +/- 6,700, 66,000 +/- 4,600, and 63,000 +/- 4,400. Because the hormone has a high carbohydrate content and such glycoproteins are known to exhibit anomalous electrophoretic mobilities, these estimates must be tentative.
|
['Affinity Labels', 'Animals', 'Binding, Competitive', 'Chorionic Gonadotropin', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Female', 'Granulosa Cells', 'Molecular Weight', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, LH', 'Swine']
| 6,261,243
|
[['D27.720.470.410.080'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.080', 'G02.111.084', 'G02.111.570.120.309'], ['D06.472.699.322.326', 'D06.472.699.649.367', 'D12.644.548.726.367', 'D12.776.780.400'], ['D27.720.470.410.210'], ['E05.196.401.402', 'E05.301.300.319'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.535.200', 'A06.300.312.497.535.300', 'A11.382.812', 'A11.436.329'], ['G02.494'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.450', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.450', 'D12.776.543.750.750.660.350.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pharmacokinetics of Vipera aspis venom after experimental envenomation in rabbits.
|
Toxicokinetic studies of Vipera aspis venom were performed in rabbits after experimental envenomation. Venom proteins with a molecular weight greater than 6 kDa (high-molecular weight proteins) and which reacted in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with specific antiviper venom Fab'2, were also responsible for the lethal potency and the capillary permeability increasing activity of the venom. Conversely, low-molecular weight proteins were not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were pharmacologically inactive. The toxicokinetics of both classes of venom components were studied, using high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight radiolabeled proteins as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After intravenous injection, Vipera aspis venom in plasma followed a biexponential decline with a distribution half-life of 0.7 hr and an elimination half-life of 12 hr. The distribution volume was 1.2 l.kg-1 and the systemic clearance was 84 ml.hr-1.kg-1. Venom levels in plasma after intramuscular injection of three doses (300, 500 and 700 micrograms/kg) of venom increased within the few hours after the venom administration to reach maximal values proportional to the injected doses. They subsequently followed a monoexponential decline, with an apparent terminal half-life of 32.5 hr. Absorption was a kinetically complex process, rapid during the first 24 hr and continued at a slower rate over the subsequent 72 hr. Bioavailability of venom was about 65%, regardless of the administered dose, and less than 5% of venom injected was excreted by the renal route.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Chromatography, Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Proteins', 'Rabbits', 'Viper Venoms']
| 8,138,962
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['E05.196.181.400.250'], ['E05.478.566.350.170', 'E05.478.566.380.360', 'E05.478.583.400.170', 'E05.601.470.350.170', 'E05.601.470.380.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D20.888.850.960', 'D23.946.833.850.960']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effects of sex hormones on immune function: a meta-analysis.
|
The effects of sex hormones on immune function have received much attention, especially following the proposal of the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis. Many studies, both experimental and correlational, have been conducted to test the relationship between immune function and the sex hormones testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. However, the results are mixed. We conducted four cross-species meta-analyses to investigate the relationship between sex hormones and immune function: (i) the effect of testosterone manipulation on immune function in males, (ii) the correlation between circulating testosterone level and immune function in males, (iii) the effect of oestrogen manipulation on immune function in females, and (iv) the correlation between circulating oestrogen level and immune function in females. The results from the experimental studies showed that testosterone had a medium-sized immunosuppressive effect on immune function. The effect of oestrogen, on the other hand, depended on the immune measure used. Oestrogen suppressed cell-mediated immune function while reducing parasite loads. The overall correlation (meta-analytic relationship) between circulating sex hormone level and immune function was not statistically significant for either testosterone or oestrogen despite the power of meta-analysis. These results suggest that correlational studies have limited value for testing the effects of sex hormones on immune function. We found little evidence of publication bias in the four data sets using indirect tests. There was a weak and positive relationship between year of publication and effect size for experimental studies of testosterone that became non-significant after we controlled for castration and immune measure, suggesting that the temporal trend was due to changes in these moderators over time. Graphical analyses suggest that the temporal trend was due to an increased use of cytokine measures across time. We found substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes, except in correlational studies of testosterone, even after we accounted for the relevant random and fixed factors. In conclusion, our results provide good evidence that testosterone suppresses immune function and that the effect of oestrogen varies depending on the immune measure used.
|
['Animals', 'Female', 'Gonadal Steroid Hormones', 'Immunity', 'Male']
| 26,800,512
|
[['B01.050'], ['D06.472.334.851'], ['G12.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Urinary 3H-tetracycline and pyridinium crosslinks differ in their response to calcium restriction in mature and aged rats.
|
The aim of this study was to evaluate bone resorption (BR) in rats by two methods: chronic 3H-tetracycline labeling (3HTC) and pyridinium crosslink excretion (PYDX), and compare the sensitivity of these markers in two age groups. Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 12-29 weeks of age ("mature", n = 12) and at 40-57 weeks of age ("aged", n = 22) were examined. Skeletal incorporation of 3HTC in aged rats was 43 +/- 8% of that in mature animals (P < 0.01), indicating an age-related decrease in bone turnover. BR was modulated over 9 weeks by calcium restriction (CR), measured by urinary excretion of both 3HTC and PYDX, and compared with age-matched, calcium-adequate controls. At baseline, urinary excretion of 3HTC was not significantly different between age groups, whereas urinary PYDX was 14-20% higher in mature compared with aged rats (P < 0.01). CR produced a 32-39% peak increase in BR (P < 0.01) compared with controls that did not differ significantly between marker or age group. Urinary 3HTC was elevated at weeks 1-3 (P < 0. 01) and reached maximal values at week 2 (32 +/- 17%). Urinary PYDX, however, was not elevated until week 2, reached maximal levels at week 3 (39 +/- 15%), and remained elevated until week 6 (P < 0.01). These data indicate that although both markers are elevated by CR, marker response differs with age, and variability exists for acute and chronic responses.
|
['Age Factors', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Biomarkers', 'Bone Resorption', 'Calcium, Dietary', 'Female', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Time Factors']
| 10,089,230
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.101'], ['C05.116.264', 'G11.427.213.150'], ['D01.146.395'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
A CRISPR-Cas9 System for Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi.
|
The number of fully sequenced fungal genomes is rapidly increasing. Since genetic tools are poorly developed for most filamentous fungi, it is currently difficult to employ genetic engineering for understanding the biology of these fungi and to fully exploit them industrially. For that reason there is a demand for developing versatile methods that can be used to genetically manipulate non-model filamentous fungi. To facilitate this, we have developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based system adapted for use in filamentous fungi. The system is simple and versatile, as RNA guided mutagenesis can be achieved by transforming a target fungus with a single plasmid. The system currently contains four CRISPR-Cas9 vectors, which are equipped with commonly used fungal markers allowing for selection in a broad range of fungi. Moreover, we have developed a script that allows identification of protospacers that target gene homologs in multiple species to facilitate introduction of common mutations in different filamentous fungi. With these tools we have performed RNA-guided mutagenesis in six species of which one has not previously been genetically engineered. Moreover, for a wild-type Aspergillus aculeatus strain, we have used our CRISPR Cas9 system to generate a strain that contains an AACU_pyrG marker and demonstrated that the resulting strain can be used for iterative gene targeting.
|
['Aspergillus', 'Base Sequence', 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'Escherichia coli', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal', 'Gene Targeting', 'Genetic Engineering', 'Genetic Markers', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutagenesis', 'Plasmids', 'RNA, Catalytic', 'RNA, Guide', 'Transformation, Genetic']
| 26,177,455
|
[['B01.300.381.081'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G05.308.203.374.394'], ['B03.440.450.425.325.300', 'B03.660.250.150.180.100'], ['G05.308.330'], ['E05.393.335'], ['E05.393.420'], ['D23.101.387', 'G05.695.450'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.558'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D08.811.797', 'D13.444.735.790.199'], ['D13.444.735.790.552.625'], ['G05.728.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Waist circumference, body mass index and waist to hip ratio for prediction of the metabolic syndrome in Chinese.
|
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To explore the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) to predict two or more non-adipose components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) among individuals aged 18-85 in North China.METHODS AND RESULTS: This study is a cluster sample survey of 101,510 individuals, complete data are 75,788 subjects, 59,874 males and 15,914 females. Their ages were 51.9+/-12.7 years (males) and 48.7+/-11.5 years (females). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to examine discrimination and find optimal cut off values of WC, BMI and WHR to predict two or more non-adipose components of MetS. The area under the ROC curve (AURC) for WC (0.694) and BMI (0.692) in females showed no difference. In males BMI (0.657) had a better discrimination than WC (0.634). WHR was weaker in both sexes. The optimal cut off value of WC in males (86.5 cm) was higher than in females (82.1cm); and that of BMI was about 24 kg/m(2) in both genders. The optimal cut off values of WC, BMI, and WHR, increased with age in both sexes.CONCLUSIONS: BMI and WC are more useful than WHR for predicting two or more non-adipose components of MetS. Cut off values for WC in males, and those of BMI and WHR in both sexes are lower than that in present MetS criteria; WC in females is slightly higher. Cut off values of WC, BMI and WHR were increased with age in the Chinese.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Body Mass Index', 'China', 'Female', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Metabolic Syndrome', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prevalence', 'ROC Curve', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sex Distribution', 'Sex Factors', 'Waist Circumference', 'Waist-Hip Ratio', 'Young Adult']
| 19,188,050
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C18.452.394.968.500.570', 'C18.452.625'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.160.560', 'E05.041.124.160.875', 'G07.100.100.160.560'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.960', 'E05.041.124.946', 'G07.100.100.960'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A novel HLA-A*02 allele, A*02:436, was identified by sequencing-based typing.
|
A novel allele A*02:436 was identified in a Chinese individual by sequence-based typing method.
|
['Alleles', 'Amino Acid Substitution', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Base Sequence', 'Codon', 'Exons', 'Female', 'Genotype', 'HLA-A2 Antigen', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation', 'Histocompatibility Testing', 'Humans', 'Point Mutation', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tissue Donors']
| 27,102,084
|
[['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['E05.393.420.601.035', 'G05.558.109'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.735.544.355', 'G05.360.335.355', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.190'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.380'], ['D12.776.395.550.489.400.020', 'D12.776.543.550.439.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.100.400.020', 'D23.050.301.500.450.370.020', 'D23.050.705.552.100.400.020', 'D23.050.705.552.450.370.374'], ['E02.095.147.500.500.500', 'E04.936.225.687.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.385', 'E05.200.812.385', 'E05.478.594.385'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G05.365.590.675'], ['E05.393.751'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['M01.898']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Copper-dependent inhibition of human cytochrome c oxidase by a dimeric conformer of amyloid-beta1-42.
|
In studies of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis there is an increasing focus on mechanisms of intracellular amyloid-beta (Abeta) generation and toxicity. Here we investigated the inhibitory potential of the 42 amino acid Abeta peptide (Abeta1-42) on activity of electron transport chain enzyme complexes in human mitochondria. We found that synthetic Abeta1-42 specifically inhibited the terminal complex cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in a dose-dependent manner that was dependent on the presence of Cu2+ and specific "aging" of the Abeta1-42 solution. Maximal COX inhibition occurred when using Abeta1-42 solutions aged for 3-6 h at 30 degrees C. The level of Abeta1-42-mediated COX inhibition increased with aging time up to approximately 6 h and then declined progressively with continued aging to 48 h. Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins followed by SDS-PAGE analysis revealed dimeric Abeta as the only Abeta species to provide significant temporal correlation with the observed COX inhibition. Analysis of brain and liver from an Alzheimer's model mouse (Tg2576) revealed abundant Abeta immunoreactivity within the brain mitochondria fraction. Our data indicate that endogenous Abeta is associated with brain mitochondria and that Abeta1-42, possibly in its dimeric conformation, is a potent inhibitor of COX, but only when in the presence of Cu2+. We conclude that Cu2+-dependent Abeta-mediated inhibition of COX may be an important contributor to the neurodegeneration process in Alzheimer's disease.
|
['Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Copper', 'Electron Transport Complex IV', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Mice, Transgenic', 'Mitochondria', 'Mitochondria, Liver', 'Multiprotein Complexes', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Time Factors']
| 15,659,604
|
[['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251'], ['D01.268.556.195', 'D01.268.956.170', 'D01.552.544.195'], ['D05.500.562.374', 'D08.811.600.250.687', 'D08.811.682.285', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.875.304', 'D12.776.543.277.687', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.875.484'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564', 'A11.284.835.626'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.564.461', 'A11.284.835.626.461'], ['D05.500'], ['D12.644.541'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Thoracoscopic mapping and cryoablation of right ventricular tachycardia.
|
A 14-year-old girl with right ventricular dysplasia and recurrent drug refractory ventricular tachycardia underwent thoracoscopic mapping cryoablation. Good access to the right ventricular free wall was obtained. We suggest this technique may have an important role in the management of patients with right ventricular tachycardia.
|
['Adolescent', 'Catheter Ablation', 'Cryosurgery', 'Electrocardiography', 'Female', 'Heart Conduction System', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Reoperation', 'Tachycardia, Ventricular', 'Thoracoscopy']
| 11,225,600
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['E02.808.750.500', 'E04.014.760.500'], ['E04.014.180'], ['E01.370.370.380.240', 'E01.370.405.240'], ['A07.541.409'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.690'], ['C14.280.067.845.940', 'C14.280.123.875.940', 'C23.550.073.845.940'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of preoperative risk factors and complication rates in cosmetic breast surgery.
|
To assess the relationships between body mass index, smoking, and diabetes and postoperative complications after cosmetic breast surgery, based on patient claims made to CosmetAssure, a program which provides coverage for treatment of significant complications, which might not be reimbursed by patients' health insurance carriers. Complication rates of cosmetic breast operations were reviewed from 13,475 consecutive patients between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2009. Correlations between complication rates and risk factors of body mass index > or =30, smoking, and diabetes were analyzed. Because this insurance program reimburses patients for costs associated with the treatment of postsurgical complications, physicians are incentivized to report significant complications. A "significant" complication is defined as a postsurgical problem, occurring within 30 days of the procedure that requires admission to a hospital, emergency room, or surgery center. Minor complications that were treated in the outpatient setting are not included, as their treatment did not generate an insurance claim. According to patient claims data between April 1, 2008 and March 31, 2009, the overall complication rate for cosmetic breast surgery was 1.8%. Obese patients (body mass index > or = 30) undergoing breast augmentation and augmentation mastopexy demonstrated higher complication rates than nonobese patients. Patients with diabetes undergoing augmentation mastopexy experienced higher complication rates than nondiabetics. Data collection is ongoing, and as the number of cases increases (approximately 1300 new cosmetic breast surgeries per month), multiple other trends in this study will likely achieve statistical significance. Analysis of CosmetAssure data can accurately and objectively track the rate of significant postoperative complications secondary to cosmetic surgical procedures. As the number of risk factors increase, the risk of complications increases. Cosmetic breast surgery is extremely safe, with low infection and overall complication rates. Plastic surgeons can further decrease complications through careful patient selection.
|
['Body Mass Index', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Esthetics', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insurance, Health, Reimbursement', 'Louisiana', 'Mammaplasty', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Prospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 20,395,806
|
[['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['C18.452.394.750', 'C19.246'], ['F02.463.785.477', 'K01.752.210'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.219.521.576.343.480', 'N03.219.521.710'], ['Z01.107.567.875.750.480'], ['E02.218.565', 'E04.680.500'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['F01.145.805'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Chromosomal translocations and inherited semisterility in the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston.
|
Anopheles stephensi males were irradiated with 3500 rads of gamma rays at the rate of 140 rads/min to induce chromosomal aberrations. Seven reciprocal translocations were isolated, including four sex-linked and three autosomal. The presence of translocations were confirmed by cytological analysis.
|
['Animals', 'Anopheles', 'Cell Line', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Gamma Rays', 'Infertility, Male', 'Male', 'Mitotic Index', 'Mosquito Control', 'Translocation, Genetic']
| 1,344,173
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.750.712.500.875.120'], ['A11.251.210'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['G01.358.500.505.300', 'G01.750.250.300', 'G01.750.750.400'], ['C12.294.365.700'], ['E01.370.225.500.385.500', 'E05.200.500.385.500', 'E05.242.385.500'], ['N06.850.780.200.650.425.500'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Tibial plateau fractures in alpine skiing--return to the slopes or career end?].
|
BACKGROUND: Fractures of the tibial plateau are among the most severe injuries of the knee joint and are often the result of sports accidents, especially skiing accidents.PATIENTS/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2003 and March 2009, a total of 37 skiers with tibial plateau fractures were treated operatively at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich (level I trauma center); 28 patients with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were included in this study. Sporting activity was determined at the time of injury and at the time of survey at an average follow-up of 49.0 months postoperatively.RESULTS: At the time of the survey, 92.9% of all patients were engaged in sports; only 12 of the 28 patients returned to skiing. Of the competitive athletes (n = 5 at time of injury) no patient returned to competition. The number of different sporting activities declined significantly from 6.4 before the injury to 4.6 after the injury. The activity duration per week, being 5.0 hours at the time of injury, declined to 4.4 hours, although the difference is statistically not significant. The Lysholm score, 97.5 points before accident, illustrated a significant decline to 84.4 points. Activity levels according to the Tegner scale declined significantly from 6.1 to 4.7 after the tibial plateau fracture.CONCLUSION: The majority of patients could not return to their previous level of activity. For patients playing competitive sports, the tibial plateau fracture can be a career ender. Overall, 92.9% of the patients returned to sports, but we noticed a post-injury shift toward activities with less impact. Only 12 of the 28 (42.9%) skiers with tibial plateau fractures returned to skiing.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fracture Healing', 'Humans', 'Knee Injuries', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Recovery of Function', 'Skiing', 'Tibial Fractures', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,665,013
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['G16.762.891.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C26.558.554'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G16.757'], ['I03.450.642.845.787.500'], ['C26.404.875', 'C26.558.857'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Chlorpromazine activates chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes.
|
Xenopus oocytes are frequently used for in vivo expression of DNA and RNA, especially those encoding ion channel proteins. Accordingly, it is important to understand the expression and control of endogenous conductances. Ionic currents were studied in native Xenopus oocytes with two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique to characterize the actions of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and trifluroperazine (TFP), two widely used antipsychotic drugs. External application of CPZ or TFP markedly stimulated endogenous conductances in a dose-dependent and reversible fashion. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship was non linear and dependent on the presence of external chloride. The CPZ-activated currents were inhibited by Cl- channel blockers. Although the removal of external Ca2+ had no effect on CPZ-induced conductances, the injection of BAPTA, a Ca2+ chelator, abolished endogenous activity. Thapsigargin also inhibited channel activity suggesting that CPZ acts through intraoocyte Ca2+ release. The calmodulin inhibitors, calmidazolium and W-7, failed to mimic the action of CPZ. These data provide evidence for external or internal phenothiazine receptors which when activated by CPZ induces Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channel activity in endogenous native oocytes.
|
['Animals', 'Antipsychotic Agents', 'Calcium', 'Calcium-Transporting ATPases', 'Calmodulin', 'Cell Membrane', 'Chelating Agents', 'Chloride Channels', 'Chlorpromazine', 'Egtazic Acid', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Oocytes', 'Patch-Clamp Techniques', 'Receptors, Dopamine', 'Thapsigargin', 'Trifluoperazine', 'Xenopus']
| 9,059,494
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.696.277.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.040', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.331'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.314.250', 'D12.776.157.530.450.250.500', 'D12.776.157.530.813.250', 'D12.776.543.585.450.250.500', 'D12.776.543.585.813.250'], ['D12.644.360.372.249', 'D12.776.157.125.412.249', 'D12.776.476.387.249'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['D12.776.157.530.400.175', 'D12.776.543.550.450.175', 'D12.776.543.585.400.175'], ['D02.886.369.198', 'D03.633.300.783.198'], ['D02.092.782.258.368.257', 'D02.241.081.018.269'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['E05.200.500.905', 'E05.242.800'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.300.400', 'D12.776.543.750.695.150.400', 'D12.776.543.750.720.330.400'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.284.500.888', 'D02.455.849.765.674.500.750.888', 'D04.663.500.750.888'], ['D02.886.369.898', 'D03.633.300.783.898'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of retinol binding protein in multiple-case families with insulin-dependent diabetes.
|
We performed a family study to investigate the heritability of reduced serum retinol levels observed in type 1 diabetes cases. Diet and serum factors, including retinol, total carotene, malondialdehyde, and retinol binding protein levels, were measured in 11 multiple-case families. The mean serum retinol level of the diabetics (46 ug/dl) was significantly less than the mean serum retinol level of the nondiabetics (60.9 ug/dl). The level of retinol binding protein was also significantly lower in diabetics (6.2 mg/dl) than in nondiabetics (7.6 mg/dl). The serum values of retinol binding protein were closely related within families, including both diabetic and nondiabetic family members. A characteristic shared between diabetics and one-third of their family members was a low ratio of serum retinol to total carotene, suggesting a low conversion of dietary carotene into retinol. Analysis of food frequency reports showed no difference between dietary retinol or total carotene level in diabetics or their relatives. This study offers evidence that heritability and the reduced conversion of carotene may play a role in the level of serum retinol in type 1 diabetes cases.
|
['Analysis of Variance', 'Carotenoids', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Disease Susceptibility', 'Feeding Behavior', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Retinol-Binding Proteins', 'Vitamin A']
| 9,037,897
|
[['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249', 'D02.455.849.131', 'D23.767.261'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C23.550.291.687', 'G07.100.250'], ['F01.145.113.547', 'F01.145.407', 'G07.203.650.353'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['D12.776.157.700'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.202.495.818', 'D02.455.426.392.368.367.379.249.700.860', 'D02.455.849.131.495.818', 'D02.455.849.291.925', 'D23.767.261.700.860']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Monitoring for precursors of health impairment from toxic agents.
|
It is essential that one be able to diagnose when disorders are caused by drugs and toxic agents. It is also essential that scientists strive toward the ultimate goal of preventing such disorders. To this end, it is necessary to evaluate laboratory procedures for their capability to detect changes which precede disorders of health impairment. To accomplish this, some knowledge of the relationship between the exposure to a chemical agent and the effect owing to that exposure is required. The complexities of the dose-effect relationship are discussed with regard to the estimation of exposure, the effect owing to the exposure and the population exposed to the chemical agent.
|
['Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Heme', 'Humans', 'Lead', 'Lead Poisoning', 'Pharmaceutical Preparations', 'Poisoning']
| 962,295
|
[['C25.100'], ['D03.383.129.578.840.500.640.587', 'D03.633.400.909.500.640.587', 'D04.345.783.500.640.587', 'D23.767.727.640.587'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.268.556.435', 'D01.552.544.435'], ['C25.723.522.750'], ['D26'], ['C25.723']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prospective comparison of two gamma probes for intraoperative detection of 18F-FDG: in vitro assessment and clinical evaluation in differentiated thyroid cancer patients with iodine-negative recurrence.
|
PURPOSE: This study was aimed at evaluating the spatial resolution and sensitivity of two hand-held gamma probes. Radioguided surgery was tested in seven patients with iodine-negative differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) recurrence using (18)F-FDG PET.METHODS: Two gamma probes were evaluated: Clerad's GammaSup with a collimated CsI(Tl) scintillator and Novelec's Modelo2 with a BGO scintillator. Five measurement tests were performed following the NEMA guidelines (NU3-2004). Radioguided surgery was performed in patients with recurrent DTC and abnormal (18)F-FDG uptake on preoperative (18)F-FDG PET images. Patients were injected with rTSH 2 days before surgery. A mean activity of 211 MBq of (18)F-FDG was injected 60 min before surgery. In vivo and ex vivo counts were recorded for suspected tumours and normal tissue.RESULTS: Spatial resolution was higher with the CsI(Tl) than with the BGO detector: 20.2-40.6 mm vs 20.6-55.3 mm from 0 to 20 mm depth. Sensitivity in air and water and through side shielding was higher for BGO but the signal-to-noise ratio was 88 and 22 with the BGO compared to 131 and 76 with the CsI(Tl) at 10 and 30 mm depth. Median in vivo SNR (tumour/non-tumour ratio) was 1.8 with both the BGO and the CsI(Tl) detector, while ex vivo ratios of 2.3 and 2.1, respectively, were obtained. Radioguided surgery allowed detection of all of the tumours identified by (18)F-FDG PET images.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of high-energy photon detection with a conventional scintillator equipped with a collimator. The CsI(TI) probe detected more true events from background than did the BGO detector during surgery.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Fluorodeoxyglucose F18', 'Gamma Cameras', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Care', 'Iodine Radioisotopes', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radionuclide Imaging', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Surgery, Computer-Assisted', 'Thyroid Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 17,522,858
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D09.254.229.500'], ['E07.420'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.760.731.400', 'E04.604.249', 'N02.421.585.722.400'], ['D01.268.380.400.500.496', 'D01.496.448.496', 'D01.496.749.474'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.710', 'E01.370.384.730'], ['D27.505.259.843', 'D27.505.519.871', 'D27.720.470.410.650'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['E04.749'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
iRGD-decorated reduction-responsive nanoclusters for targeted drug delivery.
|
Herein, reduction-responsive disintegratable nanoclusters (NCs) were prepared as a novel nanovehicle for targeted drug delivery. The NCs, with a diameter of ?170 nm, were self-assembled from hydrophobically modified and iRGD decorated hydroxyethyl starch (iRGD-HES-SS-C18). DOX was loaded into the NCs as a model drug. DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs can disintegrate into smaller ones and release DOX under reduction stimuli. Due to the ligand-receptor binding interactions between iRGD and integrin áV, DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs can specifically bind to the cell membranes of HepG-2 and 4T1 cells (integrin áV positive), resulting in enhanced cellular uptake as compared to DOX@HES-SS-C18 NCs. After cellular internalization, the NCs were transported to endosomes/lysosomes in which the reductive environment triggered the disintegration and DOX release. As a consequence, DOX@iRGD-HES-SS-C18 NCs exhibited an enhanced antitumor effect as compared to DOX@HES-SS-C18 NCs and free DOX, in an in vitro antitumor activity study. The reduction-responsive disintegratable NCs reported here were proved to be a safe and efficient nanoplatform, holding significant translation potential for tumor-targeted drug delivery.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Doxorubicin', 'Drug Delivery Systems', 'Hep G2 Cells', 'Humans', 'Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives', 'Mice', 'Molecular Structure', 'Nanoparticles', 'Oligopeptides']
| 29,799,599
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.319.300'], ['A11.251.860.180.432', 'A11.436.348.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D09.301.915.500', 'D09.698.365.855.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D12.644.456']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Sexual function of undergraduate women: a comparative study between Brazil and Italy.
|
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the sexual function of Italian and Brazilian nursing students using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and related factors.METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study involving 84 Brazilian and 128 Italian undergraduate. For the evaluation of sexual function, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire was used.RESULTS: Italian women presented significantly higher sexual dysfunction index (n=78/60.9%) than the Brazilian women (n=32/38.1%) (p=0.00). Only the "desire" and "excitation" domains showed no difference between groups. Younger, single and without a steady relationship women had a higher rate of sexual dysfunction (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: the high rate of sexual dysfunction in a young public suggests the need for more research to increase knowledge about the influence of psychosocial and related factors on female sexual function, directing care towards the promotion of sexual and reproductive health.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Brazil', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Italy', 'Prevalence', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological', 'Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Students, Nursing', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Universities']
| 29,972,544
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['Z01.107.757.176'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['I02.358.462.316'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['F01.145.802'], ['C12.294.644', 'C13.351.500.665'], ['F03.835'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['M01.848.769.685'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['I02.783.830', 'J03.832.830']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Inhibitory role of the distal small intestine on the gastric secretory response to meals in man.
|
The role of the distal small intestine on postprandial gastric function was determined in 6 healthy volunteers by diverting chyme from the intestine at a site 100 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz and comparing the results with those observed in the same subjects when chyme was exposed to the entire gut. Diversion of chyme increased the gastric secretory response, which suggests that the distal small intestine has an inhibitory role in postprandial gastric secretion.
|
['Adult', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Gastric Acidity Determination', 'Gastric Emptying', 'Gastric Juice', 'Humans', 'Intestine, Small', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 631,508
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['E01.370.225.124.300', 'E01.370.372.300', 'E05.200.124.300'], ['G10.261.360.400'], ['A12.200.307'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A literature-based intervention for women prisoners: preliminary findings.
|
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Shared Reading (SR), a specific literature-based intervention, is transposable to a prison context and whether mental health benefits identified in other custodial and non-custodial settings were reported by women prisoners. Design/methodology/approach In all, 35 participants were recruited within an all-female maximum security prison and attended one of two weekly reading groups. Qualitative data were collected through researcher observation of the reading groups; interviews and focus group discussions with participants and prison staff; interviews with the project worker leading the reading groups; and a review of records kept by the latter during group sessions. Findings Attendance rates were good, with nearly half of the participants voluntarily present at =60 per cent of sessions. Two intrinsic psychological processes associated with the SR experience were provisionally identified, "memory and continuities" and "mentalisation", both of which have therapeutic implications for the treatment of conditions like depression and personality disorder. Research limitations/implications Limitations included the small sample, lack of control for confounding variables, and constraints imposed on data collection by the custodial setting. Originality/value Although more controlled research is required, the findings indicate that women prisoners will voluntarily engage with SR if given appropriate support, and that the intervention has potential to augment psychological processes that are associated with increased well-being.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'England', 'Female', 'Focus Groups', 'Humans', 'Literature', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mental Health', 'Mental Health Services', 'Middle Aged', 'Prisoners', 'Prisons', 'Reading', "Women's Health", 'Young Adult']
| 27,921,635
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['Z01.542.363.300'], ['E05.318.308.112', 'N05.715.360.300.269', 'N06.850.520.308.112'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['K01.517'], ['F03'], ['F02.418', 'N01.400.500'], ['F04.408', 'N02.421.461'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.729'], ['I01.880.604.787', 'J03.220.500'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['N01.400.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Internal fixation for fractures of the lateral malleolus with titanium "crown"-plates (author's transl)].
|
This team of authors constructed a so called "crown"-plate from titanium, suitable for fixation of lateral malleolar fractures. The plate seems to be ideal for Weber-B type fractures, which are level with the joint space, and it can be applied in the more distal (Weber-A) and proximal (Weber-C) fractures too. The titanium plate was used in 166 fractures with good results. On the basis of the follow up assessment of 151 healed cases the authors feel encouraged to suggest the use of the titanium crown plate for internal fixation of lateral malleolar fractures.
|
['Ankle Injuries', 'Ankle Joint', 'Bone Plates', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Radiography', 'Titanium']
| 6,114,227
|
[]
|
[]
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Sexual activity, contraception and unwanted pregnancy at puberty and adolescence].
|
The sexual activity during the pubertal-adolescent age and the closely connected with it questions about psychological consequences, extramarital conceptions, deliveries and abortions is a problem with more and more increasing significance in the world. The present study includes an inquiry on 468 girls and boys at the age of 17-18 years, and 120 girls at the age of 14 to 17 years with interrupted pregnancy 214 girls with interrupted pregnancy at the age of 13 to 17 years and 120 girls at the age of 14 to 17 years, who delivered extramaritally at the Higher Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology. It is established that 48.6% of girls have sexual life, but 92.1% of girls, aged 17-18 years, have sexual life. The question was studied when, why and with whom the first sexual contact was made. The questions about contraception, sexual education, abortions, deliveries and the fate of the newborn are discussed as well. Inferences for prophylactic work among the coming generation are made.
|
['Adolescent', 'Bulgaria', 'Contraception Behavior', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Motivation', 'Pregnancy', 'Pregnancy in Adolescence', 'Pregnancy, Unwanted', 'Puberty', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Urban Population']
| 2,091,474
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.542.248.180'], ['F01.145.688.500', 'G08.686.784.891.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.658', 'F01.752.543.500.750'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['G08.686.784.769.494'], ['G08.686.784.769.580'], ['G08.686.760', 'G08.686.841.374'], ['F01.145.802'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['N01.600.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Clinical pharmacokinetics of nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system. A controlled-release formulation of nifedipine.
|
The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine following intravenous administration can be represented by an open two-compartment model with a terminal elimination half-life of about two hours. Nifedipine is extensively biotransformed to inactive metabolites, and the total body clearance (450 to 700 ml/minute) is primarily due to hepatic metabolism. Nifedipine undergoes significant tissue distribution in that the steady-state volume of distribution (0.62 to 0.77 liter/kg) is more than twice the volume of distribution of the central compartment (0.25 to 0.29 liter/kg). Although nifedipine is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, oral bioavailability ranges from 45 to 68 percent because of first-pass metabolism. Nifedipine given three times daily shows no accumulation in plasma and no changes in pharmacokinetic behavior during a one-week study period. Pharmacokinetic studies on the gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) show that the bioavailability of the GITS dosage form (relative to the capsule) is about 65 percent after a single dose, but increases to about 86 percent at steady-state because of residual absorption more than 24 hours after dosing. Linear pharmacokinetics are seen following administration of single oral doses of nifedipine GITS as indicated by dose-proportional increases in the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve over the range of 30 to 180 mg. Administration of the GITS dosage form in the presence of food slightly increases the rate of drug absorption, but does not influence the extent of drug bioavailability. Dose-dumping has not been observed, even with dosing after a meal containing a high level of fat. The GITS tablets provide zero-order delivery of nifedipine, and drug absorption persists beyond the dosing interval of 24 hours. Thus, the GITS dosage form will permit once-a-day dosing and maintain the desired, constant plasma drug concentration with minimal fluctuation.
|
['Biological Availability', 'Delayed-Action Preparations', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Nifedipine', 'Osmosis', 'Tablets']
| 3,503,594
|
[['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['D26.255.210', 'E02.319.300.253'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G03.015.500.374.500', 'G03.787.024.500.374.500', 'G07.203.650.372.500', 'G07.690.725.015.500.374.500', 'G10.261.353.500'], ['D03.383.725.203.540'], ['G01.154.090.750', 'G02.111.655', 'G02.691', 'G02.723.495'], ['D26.255.830']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Population pharmacokinetics and initial dosing regimen optimization of cyclosporin in pediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients.
|
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is induced by various triggers, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune diseases, lymphoma or other malignancies. Cyclosporin is one of the clinical treatments for HLH. However, cyclosporin has considerable inter- and intra-individual variabilities in pharmacokinetics and also displays a narrow therapeutic window, making it difficult to define an optimal dose for HLH treatment. This study is aimed to establish cyclosporin population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of pediatric HLH patients and formulate an initial dose regimen for personalized medicine.Pediatric HLH patients between June 2014 and March 2019 from Children's Hospital of Fudan University were analyzed using NONMEM. Dose recommended was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations.The final cyclosporin PPK model was: CL/F = 91?(WT/70)0.75?(1+ Piperacillin-Tazobactam ? èP-T); V/F = 4250?(WT/70), where WT, and èP-T were weight, and the coefficient of the Piperacillin-Tazobactam, respectively. Based on the simulation results of our model, new initial dosage suggestions were recommended. In conclusion, the first cyclosporin PPK model in pediatric HLH patients was established and the model could be used to predict individualized initial dosing regimens in children with HLH.
|
['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cyclosporine', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic', 'Male']
| 31,382,792
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.505.696.477.656'], ['C15.604.250.410.575']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Inhibitory Smads and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) modulate anterior photoreceptor cell number during planarian eye regeneration.
|
Planarians represent an excellent model to study the processes of body axis and organ re-specification during regeneration. Previous studies have revealed a conserved role for the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway and its intracellular mediators Smad1/5/8 and Smad4 in planarian dorsoventral (DV) axis re-establishment. In an attempt to gain further insight into the role of this signalling pathway in planarians, we have isolated and functionally characte-rized the inhibitory Smads (I-Smads) in Schmidtea mediterranea. Two I-Smad homologues have been identified: Smed-smad6/7-1 and Smed-smad6/7-2. Expression of smad6/7-1 was detected in the parenchyma, while smad6/7-2 was found to be ex-pressed in the central nervous system and the eyes. Neither single smad6/7-1 and smad6/7-2 nor double smad6/7-1,-2 silencing gave rise to any apparent disruption of the DV axis. However, both regenerating and intact smad6/7-2 (RNAi) planarians showed defects in eye morphogenesis and displayed small, rounded eyes that lacked the anterior subpopulation of photoreceptor cells. The number of pigment cells was also reduced in these animals at later stages of regeneration. In contrast, after low doses of Smed-bmp(RNAi), planarians regenerated larger eyes in which the anterior subpopulation of photoreceptor cells was expanded. Our results suggest that Smed-smad6/7-2 and Smed-bmp control the re-specification and maintenance of anterior photoreceptor cell number in S. mediterranea.
|
['Animals', 'Bone Morphogenetic Proteins', 'Eye', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurons', 'Photoreceptor Cells', 'Planarians', 'Regeneration', 'Signal Transduction', 'Smad Proteins, Inhibitory', 'X-Rays']
| 22,451,003
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.644.276.954.200', 'D12.776.467.942.200', 'D23.529.942.200'], ['A01.456.505.420', 'A09.371'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325', 'E05.393.661.475'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['A08.675.650.850.625', 'A08.675.650.915.937', 'A08.800.950.937', 'A09.371.729.831.625', 'A11.671.650.850.625', 'A11.671.650.915.937'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.847.610'], ['G16.762'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['D12.644.360.024.334.200', 'D12.776.157.057.170.249', 'D12.776.476.024.428.249'], ['G01.358.500.505.970', 'G01.750.250.970', 'G01.750.750.918']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
BCMA becomes first Canadian medical group to form Committee on Violence.
|
The British Columbia Medical Association has established a Committee on Violence to look at the impact violence has on society and help find ways to educate physicians about how to identify, counsel and prevent violent behaviour. The issue is becoming more pressing as downsizing closes mental-health facilities, putting more potentially violent patients on the streets.
|
['Attitude of Health Personnel', 'British Columbia', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Occupational Diseases', "Physician's Role", 'Physicians', 'Rape', 'Societies, Medical', 'Violence', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 8,943,939
|
[['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['Z01.107.567.176.160'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C24'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.600'], ['M01.526.485.810', 'N02.360.810'], ['I01.198.240.748.640', 'I01.198.240.856.744', 'I01.880.735.900.772'], ['N03.540.828.589'], ['I01.198.240.856', 'I01.880.735.900'], ['C26']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Accurate segmentation of respiration waveforms from infants enabling identification and classification of irregular breathing patterns.
|
Although the precise causes of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) are still unclear there is evidence to suggest that hypoxaemia may be a contributory factor. Transcutaneous oxygen monitors can be used but are unsatisfactory for young babies in the home. As an alternative approach, respiratory patterns can be studied but attempts at classification of individual breaths are often unsuccessful particularly during periods of extraneous noise or movement artefact. We have developed a robust algorithm which provides accurate segmentation and classification of breaths even in the presence of noise or movement. This improves on previous techniques by deferring the decision on an uncertain candidate breath until more information is available; yet the delay incurred is two breaths at most. The use of look-up tables and decision trees means that computational requirements are kept to a minimum and implementation in a simple home monitor is quite possible.
|
['Algorithms', 'Classification', 'Decision Support Techniques', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Respiration', 'Sudden Infant Death']
| 8,162,260
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['L01.100', 'L01.453.245.275'], ['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.520'], ['G09.772.705'], ['C23.550.260.322.625', 'C23.550.260.657.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The toxicology data bank.
|
The paper describes the Toxicology Data Bank, a new system under development that will provide on-line access to chemical, physical, toxicologic, pharmacologic, use, and manufacturing data on 4000-5000 selected chemicals including drugs.
|
['Abstracting and Indexing', 'Computers', 'Data Display', 'Information Systems', 'National Library of Medicine (U.S.)', 'Online Systems', 'Subject Headings', 'Toxicology', 'United States']
| 1,249,135
|
[['L01.453.245.100'], ['L01.224.230.260'], ['F02.784.412.221', 'L01.296'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['I01.409.418.750.600.650.496.490', 'J03.400.596.831.937.725', 'L01.346.596.719.875.500', 'N03.540.052.750.490', 'N03.540.348.500.500.600.650.496.742'], ['L01.313.500.750.300.742'], ['L01.453.245.945.700'], ['H01.158.891', 'H02.884'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Information Science [L]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Structural model of vestibular effects on the blood pressure.
|
The model described in the present work is a structural presentation of certain aspcets of the vesibular effects on the blood pressure. The model comprises the joint action of the otolith system and the semicircular canals, gangl. Scarpe, the vestibular nuclei, the vasomotor centre and the nuclei of n. vagus. The direct transfer of information both from gangl. Scarpe to the vasoregulating centre and from nucl. Schwalbe to the vagal nuclei, as well as its polysynaptic transmission, are considered. The model examines a case when only two factors, namely decrease in the heart rate controlled by n. vagus and decrease in the heart tone controlled by the vasoregulating centre, determine the effect of blood pressure drop after vestibular stimulation. The structure of the model is flexible and permits its elaboration by including additional factors for the blood pressure drop.
|
['Blood Pressure', 'Models, Structural', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Vagus Nerve', 'Vasomotor System', 'Vestibule, Labyrinth']
| 189,571
|
[['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['J01.897.280.500.545', 'L01.178.820.090.545'], ['G02.111.820.850', 'G04.835.850', 'G07.265.880', 'G11.561.830'], ['A08.800.050.050.925', 'A08.800.050.600.825', 'A08.800.800.060.920', 'A08.800.800.120.900'], ['A08.800.050.800.900'], ['A09.246.300.909']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
What makes a difference in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: an 8 year retrospective analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was recently classified into EIB alone and EIB with asthma, based on the presence of concurrent asthma.OBJECTIVE: Differences between EIB alone and EIB with asthma have not been fully described.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed who visited an allergy clinic for respiratory symptoms after exercise and underwent exercise bronchial provocation testing. More than a 15% decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) from baseline to the end of a 6 min free-running challenge test was interpreted as positive EIB.RESULTS: EIB was observed in 66.9% of the study subjects (89/133). EIB-positive subjects showed higher positivity to methacholine provocation testing (61.4% vs. 18.9%, p<0.001) compared with EIB-negative subjects. In addition, sputum eosinophilia was more frequently observed in EIB-positive subjects than in EIB-negative subjects (56% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.037). The temperature and relative humidity on exercise test day were significantly related with the EIB-positive rate. Positive EIB status was correlated with both temperature (p = 0.001) and relative humidity (p = 0.038) in the methacholine-negative EIB group while such a correlation was not observed in the methacholine-positive EIB group. In the methacholine-positive EIB group the time to reach a 15% decrease in FEV1 during exercise was significantly shorter than that in the methacholine-negative EIB group (3.2±0.7 min vs. 8.6±1.6 min, p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONS: EIB alone may be a distinct clinical entity from EIB with asthma. Conditions such as temperature and humidity should be considered when performing exercise tests, especially in subjects with EIB alone.
|
['Adult', 'Asthma', 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'Bronchoconstriction', 'Bronchoconstrictor Agents', 'Exercise', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Humidity', 'Male', 'Methacholine Chloride', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Temperature', 'Young Adult']
| 24,498,034
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['C08.127.210'], ['G09.772.705.700.080'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.100', 'D27.505.954.796.170'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['E01.370.370.380.250', 'E01.370.386.700.250', 'E05.333.250'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G16.500.275.063.725.310', 'G16.500.750.775.310', 'N06.230.150.372', 'N06.230.300.100.725.310'], ['D02.092.877.883.555.500', 'D02.675.276.534.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peritoneal exudate in larval Rana pipiens contains cells that are embryologically derived from dorsal lateral plate mesoderm.
|
The embryonic origin of cells functioning in a peritoneal exudate response of larval Rana pipiens was investigated. Normal larva received injections of sodium caseinate on day 0 and cells in the peritoneal cavity were assayed on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 16. Experimental animals that received cytogenetically labeled transplants of dorsal mesoderm at 67-72 hours of development were injected with sodium caseinate on day 0 and assayed on days 5, 7 and 9. Feulgen-DNA microdensitometric analysis showed that the peritoneal exudate from days 5, 7, 9 contained hemopoietic cells that were derived from the embryonic transplant. Therefore, dorsal mesoderm gave rise to cells capable of functioning in a peritoneal exudate response to injections of sodium caseinate.
|
['Animals', 'Ascitic Fluid', 'Caseins', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Exudates and Transudates', 'Hematopoietic Stem Cells', 'Larva', 'Mesoderm', 'Phagocytes', 'Rana pipiens']
| 6,603,374
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.207.119'], ['D12.776.256.159.750.207', 'D12.776.744.150'], ['G04.152'], ['A12.383'], ['A11.148.378', 'A11.872.378', 'A15.378.316.378'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['A16.504.660'], ['A11.733', 'A15.382.680'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.708.310']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Endotoxin exposure, wheezing, and rash in infancy in a New Zealand birth cohort.
|
BACKGROUND: Wheezing in infancy is common and is associated with small lungs, viral respiratory tract infection, and environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Recently, increased levels of endotoxin in the domestic environment have also been associated with infant wheezing, particularly among infants with a family history of atopic disease.OBJECTIVE: To explore associations between exposure to endotoxin at 3 months of age and reported symptoms of wheezing, rhinitis, itchy scaly rash, and atopy at 15 months in a birth cohort of 881 New Zealand children.METHODS: Using standardized methods, a 1-m(2) site from the bedroom floors of the 3-month-old infants was sampled and analyzed for endotoxin.RESULTS: Wheezing was significantly associated with higher endotoxin levels (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.03-2.30), particularly among infants with a parental history of allergic disease (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.07-2.60). Higher endotoxin concentrations were also strongly associated with recurrent itchy rashes (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.14-3.05), particularly among infants who were atopic (OR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.56-13.77) or had a parental history of allergic disease (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.22-3.61).CONCLUSION: Domestic endotoxin was associated with reported airway and skin symptoms in this large group of New Zealand infants. The role of endotoxin in the development of respiratory and skin disease in infancy deserves further study.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Reducing domestic endotoxin exposure might reduce infant wheezing and atopic dermatitis, but the long-term benefits of this remain unclear.
|
['Cohort Studies', 'Dust', 'Endotoxins', 'Environmental Exposure', 'Exanthema', 'Humans', 'Hypersensitivity, Immediate', 'Infant', 'New Zealand', 'Prevalence', 'Prospective Studies', 'Respiratory Sounds', 'Risk Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 17,157,655
|
[['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D20.633.222'], ['D23.946.123.329'], ['N06.850.460.350'], ['C17.800.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C20.543.480'], ['M01.060.703'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['C23.888.852.779', 'E01.370.386.720', 'G09.772.775'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Adiposity in Czech children followed from 1 month of age to adulthood: analysis of individual BMI patterns.
|
In Czechoslovakia, overweight and nutrition-associated pathologies are frequent. The body mass index (BMI) is often used in the clinical assessment of adiposity in children and adults. Its variations during growth are well documented. A cohort of 300 newborns were selected at random in Prague between 1956 and 1960. Weight and height were collected in these subjects at the ages of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and twice a year from 1 to 20 years. Charts of longitudinal variations of the BMI were drawn for males and females. The three expected phases of BMI development were observed: initial rise until 12 months, subsequent decrease, and second augmentation (the 'adiposity rebound', 'AR') between 4 and 8 years of age. The inverse relationship between age at AR and the BMI in adulthood was confirmed: in the leanest adults, AR had happened by age 7.6 years, in the heaviest adults, age at AR was around 5 years. Many lean (44%) and fat (58%) infants developed into average-size adults. The risk of becoming a heavy adult was increased in fat infants (31%) as opposed to non-fat (22%) ones. The relative risk of fat infants to become obese adults as compared to non-fat infants is 31/22 = 1.8. Individual growth curves of children with very high or very low adult BMI values illustrate the relationships between BMI at 12 months, age at AR and adult BMI. The Czech BMI distribution was higher than a comparable French one at all percentiles after age 7 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Body Mass Index', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Czechoslovakia', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Obesity']
| 8,257,077
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.586.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Basedow's disease in a female patient with breast cancer metastasizing to the thyroid].
|
A case is presented of a woman with a breast cancer who developed Basedow's disease several months after the diagnosis of the cancer. In spite of the antithyrotoxic treatment the Basedow's symptoms persisted till the end of life. The case is compared with other similar cases in which the combination of Basedow's disease with a metastatic tumour of the thyroid gland is not described. Probably the tumour invasion of the thyroid gland triggers the appearance of various clinical syndromes of hyperthyroidism including the full classical picture of Basedow's disease as is the case in the reported patient. The intimate etiopathogenetic mechanisms of these thyrotoxic syndromes are not yet clear.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Carcinoma', 'Female', 'Graves Disease', 'Humans', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Middle Aged', 'Thyroid Gland', 'Thyroid Neoplasms']
| 3,433,725
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['C11.675.349.500', 'C19.874.283.605', 'C19.874.397.370', 'C20.111.555'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.697.650.560', 'C23.550.727.650.560'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A06.300.900'], ['C04.588.322.894', 'C04.588.443.915', 'C19.344.894', 'C19.874.788']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The endodermal origin of the endocrine cells of an adenocarcinoma of the colon of the rat.
|
A transplantable adenocarcinoma of the colon of the rat, which contained mucous, columnar, endocrine, and undifferentiated carcinoma cells, were cloned to see if each of the differentiated cell lineages had a common cell or origin. Four clonal lines were produced by the transplantation of single cells using micropipettes. Each tumor contained all four cell lineages but in markedly differing proportions. A confirmatory experiment was performed using a lung colony cloning assay. Seven tumors were obtained; each had mucous, columnar, endocrine, and undifferentiated cells. It is concluded that the endocrine cells of the colon are derived by differentiation from endoderm. They are not of neural crest origin.
|
['Adenocarcinoma', 'Animals', 'Clone Cells', 'Colonic Neoplasms', 'Endoderm', 'Enterochromaffin Cells', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Neoplasms, Experimental', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344']
| 7,116,287
|
[['C04.557.470.200.025'], ['B01.050'], ['A11.251.353'], ['C04.588.274.476.411.307.180', 'C06.301.371.411.307.180', 'C06.405.249.411.307.180', 'C06.405.469.158.356.180', 'C06.405.469.491.307.180'], ['A16.504.407'], ['A03.556.875.875.440.250', 'A06.224.358', 'A06.390.021', 'A10.615.550.291.162', 'A11.382.625.031', 'A11.436.294.031', 'A15.382.250'], ['E05.624'], ['C04.619', 'E05.598.500.496'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.200', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.200']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Early smoking in school-aged children with and without a diagnosis of asthma.
|
BACKGROUND: Research has shown that adolescents with asthma are as likely as and sometimes even more likely to smoke than their peers without asthma. The current study examined whether the prevalence of the first active smoking experience differs for children (9-12 years of age) diagnosed with asthma compared with children who do not have asthma. The association between asthma and smoking was evaluated with logistic regression analysis, controlling for socio-economic status, parental smoking and child's internalizing and externalizing behaviours.METHOD: A nation-wide sample of 1476 mother and child dyads participated, of which 220 children (14.9%) had been diagnosed with childhood asthma.RESULTS: Children diagnosed with asthma were 2.45 times more likely to have taken a puff of a cigarette compared with children without asthma. In addition, the association between asthma and early smoking remained significant after including potential confounders in the regression equation.DISCUSSION: Suggestions are provided for preventing school-aged children, especially youths with asthma, from smoking. Additional research is needed to gain further insights into the mechanisms underlying the higher likelihood of early smoking among children with asthma.
|
['Age Factors', 'Asthma', 'Child', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mental Disorders', 'Mother-Child Relations', 'Netherlands', 'Sex Factors', 'Smoking', 'Socioeconomic Factors']
| 21,746,750
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C08.127.108', 'C08.381.495.108', 'C08.674.095', 'C20.543.480.680.095'], ['M01.060.406'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F03'], ['F01.829.263.370.290.170'], ['Z01.542.651'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['F01.145.805'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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