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Study of the stability and the kinetics of hydrolysis on the new potential antiarrhythmic "substance H + B".
|
"Substance H + B", N-[2-(2-heptyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-ethyl]-N- benzylpiperidine chloride (1) is a new potential antiarrhythmic, prepared by quarternization of the local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic and antimicrobial heptacaine, N-[2-(2-heptyloxyphenylcarbamoyloxy)-ethyl]-piperidine chloride. The content of the work was a study of the stability of 1 based on the short-time stability tests of aqueous solutions, the observation of long-time storing of the substance and study of the kinetics of hydrolysis in aqueous, ethanolic buffer solutions. The conclusions of the presented results are: 1 is stable in acidic and neutral media, the alkaline hydrolysis is faster from the start compared to the hydrolysis of heptacaine, but later obtains an equilibrium character.
|
['Anti-Arrhythmia Agents', 'Drug Stability', 'Hydrolysis', 'Kinetics', 'Piperidines', 'Solutions', 'Temperature']
| 7,938,147
|
[['D27.505.954.411.097'], ['E05.916.330'], ['G02.380'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D26.776'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
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Experimental hypertension and other responses to 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone treatment in the rat.
|
Young female unilaterally nephrectomized, salt-loaded, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 200 microgram or 1 mg 18-hydroxy-deoxycorticosterone-21-acetate (18-OH-DOCA) in oil daily, and a group of kidney-intact animals on a normal salt intake was given 2 mg/day. The hormone was not found to increase saline consumption, increase urinary potassium or kallikrein excretion, or depress serum renin activity or potassium concentration. Slight hypertension did develop at 3 weeks in salt-loaded rats on the lowest dose, but this was neither increased by higher dosage or longer treatment, nor reflected by increased heart or kidney weight. The effect of 40-mg pellet implantation of DOCA and 18-OH-DOCA was then compared in unilaterally nephrectomized, salt-loaded, female Fischer 344 rats. The former caused increased saline consumption, hypertension, hypokalemia, and heart and kidney enlargement, whereas 18-OH-DOCA did not. Thus, the hypertensogenic potency of 18-OH-DOCA is, at best, a reflection of its known, very weak, mineralocorticoid activity.
|
['18-Hydroxydesoxycorticosterone', 'Animals', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Weight', 'Desoxycorticosterone', 'Drinking', 'Female', 'Hypertension', 'Kallikreins', 'Nephrectomy', 'Organ Size', 'Potassium', 'Rats', 'Renin', 'Sodium']
| 744,064
|
[['D04.210.500.745.745.654.339.400', 'D06.472.040.585.611.400'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.339', 'D06.472.040.585.611'], ['G07.203.650.283.249', 'G10.261.330.249'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['E04.950.774.435'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D01.268.549.550', 'D01.268.557.575', 'D01.552.528.652', 'D01.552.547.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D08.811.277.656.074.500.780', 'D08.811.277.656.300.048.780', 'D08.811.277.656.837.750'], ['D01.268.549.750', 'D01.268.557.650', 'D01.552.528.850', 'D01.552.547.725']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Alteration of the blood-retinal barrier and vitreous in sickle cell retinopathy.
|
Nineteen eyes with background sickle cell retinopathy, eleven from patients with SC disease, eight from patients with SS disease, and twelve eyes with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy were examined by direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp, fluorescein angiography and vitreous fluorophotometry. Calculation of the alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and estimation of the diffusion coefficients of fluorescein in the vitreous were performed by fluorophotometry. In background sickle cell retinopathy, the results show a normally functioning BRB in the posterior pole. Abnormally increased fluorescence values to the mid-vitreous (peripheral leakage) were found only in 3 of these 19 eyes, at the two-hour examination (all SC patients). Similarly, mid-vitreous fluorescence values at the two-hour examination were 4.19 +/- 1.52 ng/ml in eyes of patients with SC disease, compared with 2.65 +/- 0.56 ng/ml in eyes of patients with SS disease. All eyes with background sickle cell retinopathy, except one, showed values for the coefficient of diffusion of fluorescein within normal limits, indicating normal vitreous gel structure. In proliferative retinopathy, the mid-vitreous fluorophotometry readings were abnormally increased, correlating well with the extent of the peripheral angiographic changes (neovascularization). The coefficient of diffusion of fluorescein in the vitreous was generally increased in the eyes with proliferative retinopathy (15.0 +/- 8.4 X 10(-4) cm2/min) in comparison with a mean value of 5.4 +/- 1.4 X 10(-4) cm2/min in the eyes with background sickle cell retinopathy, suggesting an alteration of the vitreous structure eyes with proliferative retinopathy. Fluorophotometry is considered a useful tool to follow patients with sickle cell retinopathy by quantitating peripheral retinal vascular leakage.
|
['Adult', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Capillary Permeability', 'Fluorescein Angiography', 'Fluorometry', 'Humans', 'Photometry', 'Retinal Diseases', 'Retinal Vessels', 'Sickle Cell Trait', 'Vitreous Body']
| 3,721,713
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['G03.143.330', 'G09.330.165'], ['E01.370.370.050.350', 'E01.370.380.250'], ['E05.196.712.516.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.196.712'], ['C11.768'], ['A07.015.611'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150.670', 'C15.378.420.155.668', 'C16.320.070.150.670', 'C16.320.365.155.668'], ['A09.371.714.500']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
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Plasma spermidine concentrations in patients with tumours of the breast or prostate or testis.
|
Plasma spermidine concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in normal subjects and in patients with various tumours of the breast, prostate or the testis. The sensitivity of the method was 0.45 pmol spermidine/20 microliter plasma and the cross reactivity was 13% with putrescine and 2% with spermine. Plasma spermidine concentrations were raised in 25% of the patients with prostatic cancer (mean concentration 316.7 +/- 240.69 nmol/l) and in 8% of the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (mean concentration 198.9 +/- 169.92 nmol/l). No correlation was found between elevated plasma levels of spermidine in the prostatic cancer patients and tumour stage or metastatic status of the patients. No correlation of plama spermidine concentrations and age was found in 61 normal male subjects (mean concentration 200.3 +/- 137.71 nmol/l plasma). Only 29% of the patients with breast carcinoma had elevated levels of spermidine compared to normal female subjects. Plasma spermidine concentrations did not correlate with clinical stage or oestrogen receptor status in these patients. Patients with testicular tumours had elevated mean concentrations of plasma spermidine. One out of five patients with seminoma of the testis and six out of 16 patients with teratoma of the testis had significantly elevated concentrations.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Menopause', 'Middle Aged', 'Pregnancy', 'Prostatic Hyperplasia', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Spermidine', 'Testicular Neoplasms']
| 6,156,039
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G08.686.157.500', 'G08.686.841.249.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C12.294.565.500'], ['C04.588.945.440.770', 'C12.294.260.750', 'C12.294.565.625', 'C12.758.409.750'], ['D02.092.211.415.701.801', 'D02.092.782.677'], ['C04.588.322.762', 'C04.588.945.440.915', 'C12.294.260.937', 'C12.758.409.937', 'C19.344.762', 'C19.391.829.782']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
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| 0
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|
Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes as a system for studying nuclear transport of viruses.
|
Microinjection of Xenopus laevis oocytes is an excellent system for studying nuclear transport because of the large size of the oocyte and its high nuclear pore complex (NPC) density. In addition, the fact that Xenopus oocytes are not permissive for most mammalian viruses makes this system especially useful for studying nuclear transport of viruses in the absence of the confounding factor of virus replication. In this article, we briefly discuss the contribution of microinjection of Xenopus oocytes to the field of nuclear transport. We then describe the protocols we have developed using microinjection of Xenopus oocytes to study nuclear transport of viral capsids, and summarize variations of the technique that can be used to address many different questions about the nuclear transport of viruses.
|
['Active Transport, Cell Nucleus', 'Animals', 'Blotting, Western', 'Capsid', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Microinjections', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Models, Biological', 'Nuclear Envelope', 'Oocytes', 'Parvovirus', 'Viruses', 'Xenopus', 'Xenopus laevis']
| 20,138,149
|
[['G03.143.310.100', 'G03.143.700.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['A21.249.500.250'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512', 'E05.200.500.607.512', 'E05.200.750.551.512', 'E05.478.583', 'H01.158.100.656.234.512', 'H01.158.201.344.512', 'H01.158.201.486.512', 'H01.181.122.573.512', 'H01.181.122.605.512'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['E05.599.395'], ['A11.284.149.165.630', 'A11.284.149.450.700', 'A11.284.430.106.279.692', 'A11.284.835.514.700'], ['A05.360.490.690.680', 'A11.497.497.600'], ['B04.280.580.650.600'], ['B04'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500.562']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
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|
Impact of cooked functional meat enriched with omega-3 fatty acids and rosemary extract on inflammatory and oxidative status; a randomised, double-blind, crossover study.
|
BACKGROUND & AIM: n-3 fatty acid intake has been associated with inflammatory benefits in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Functionalising meat may be of great interest. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of functional meat containing n-3 and rosemary extract on inflammatory and oxidative status markers in subjects with risk for CVD.METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study was undertaken to compare the effects on the above markers of consuming functional or control meat products. 43 volunteers with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD were randomly assigned to receive functional meat (FM) or control meat (CM) over 12-weeks with a 4-week wash-out interval before crossover. Functional effects were assessed by examining lipid profile, CRP, PAI-1, TNF-alpha, IL-6, fibrinogen (inflammatory markers), and TBARS, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 (oxidative status markers). 33 subjects (24 women) aged 50.7±8.8 years completed the study. In FM treatment, PAI-1, fibrinogen and 8-iso-PGF2 decreased significantly after 12 weeks, while FRAP significantly increased. In contrast, in CM treatment, a significant increase was seen in PAI-1, while FRAP significantly declined. Significant differences were also seen between the FM and CM treatments after 12 weeks in terms of the change observed in PAI-1, FRAP and 8-iso-PGF2 values. No significant differences were seen in anthropometric variables nor were adverse effects reported.CONCLUSION: The consumption of FM containing n-3 and rosemary extract improved oxidative and inflammatory status of people with at least two lipid profile variables showing risk for CVD. The inclusion of such functional meat in a balanced diet might be a healthy lifestyle option.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Cooking', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Diet', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Fatty Acids, Omega-6', 'Female', 'Functional Food', 'Humans', 'Ledum', 'Lipids', 'Male', 'Meat', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Plant Extracts', 'Young Adult']
| 25,365,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['J01.576.423.200.200'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['G07.203.650.240'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['D10.251.355.343'], ['G07.203.300.572', 'J02.500.572'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.341.937.324'], ['D10'], ['G07.203.300.600', 'J02.500.600'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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|
Human autologous serum obtained using a completely closed bag system as a substitute for foetal calf serum in human mesenchymal stem cell cultures.
|
The major problem in cell therapy is the possibility of viral or bacterial infection and immune reactions. Therefore, it is expected of culture cells which are intended to be re-implanted with autologous serum rather than conventional bovine serum. Cell therapy with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC), differentiating to various cells, is thought to be curative. To culture hMSC with human autologous serum (HAS) and re-implant them for cell therapy, we developed a completely closed bag system separating serum, comparing proliferation and multipotency of hMSC cultured in HAS with those in foetal calf serum (FCS). HAS was simply, safely and efficiently obtained with the developed closed bag system. Cell proliferation of hMSC cultured in HAS was greater than that in FCS. hMSC, exposed to the defined induction medium containing HAS as well as FCS, differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes. These findings suggest that HAS obtained with the developed closed bag system is advantageous in a point of decrease in risk of virus or bacterial infection and foreign protein contamination and enhancement of proliferation of hMSC.
|
['Adult', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Cell Separation', 'Culture Media', 'Environment, Controlled', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Middle Aged', 'Serum']
| 16,616,867
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['G04.152'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E01.370.225.500.363', 'E05.200.500.363', 'E05.242.363'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['N06.230.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A12.207.152.846', 'A15.145.846']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 1
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| 0
|
Economic evaluation of laparoscopic and open inguinal herniorrhaphies: the effect of cost-containment measures and internal hospital policy decisions on costs and charges.
|
BACKGROUND: Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repairs of inguinal hernias, despite having a favorable clinical outcome are often criticized due to higher costs and charges associated with this approach. We, therefore, present a comparison of direct costs and charges between TEP and open tension-free (OPN) repairs, emphasizing the effect of cost-containment measures on the part of surgeons and the hospital's charging (rate-setting) policies on these measurements.METHODS: Itemized direct costs, charges, and reimbursements were determined for 41 TEP and 44 OPN unilateral repairs done between January 1997 and December 1999. Multiple sensitivity analyses were done to evaluate the effect of cost-containment measures and the hospital's rate-setting policies on the differences in costs and charges between the two procedures. The hospital's profits were expressed as profit-cost ratios.RESULTS: The mean direct cost for a TEP repair was $128.58 more than the OPN repair ($795.07[+/-65] vs 666.49 [+/-52]). However, mean charges and hospital reimbursement were $2,139.80 and $1,679.87, respectively, more for the TEP repairs. The profit-cost ratio was significantly higher in the TEP group (2.85:1 vs 1.07:1, P<.001). We found that 79.8% of the difference in direct costs vs 29% of the difference in charges between the two procedures was sensitive to cost-containment measures. Forty-five percent of the difference in charges was due to the hospital's nonuniform rate-setting policies. Long-term follow-up (38 months) showed no recurrence for either procedure.CONCLUSIONS: The direct cost of TEP repairs with the minimal use of disposable instruments in a high-volume center is comparable to the OPN repair. However, due to differences in the hospital's charging policies, TEP repair would appear to be an expensive alternative from the payer's point of view.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Chi-Square Distribution', 'Cohort Studies', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'Decision Making', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hernia, Inguinal', 'Hospital Charges', 'Hospital Costs', 'Humans', 'Laparoscopy', 'Laparotomy', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Policy Making', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Probability', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'United States']
| 15,146,352
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.994.300', 'G17.820.300', 'N05.715.360.750.750.200', 'N06.850.520.830.994.300'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['C23.300.707.374.875'], ['N03.219.262.300', 'N03.219.442.613'], ['N03.219.151.400.687', 'N03.219.262.500', 'N05.300.375.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.388.250.520', 'E04.502.250.520'], ['E04.406'], ['E02.760.400.480', 'N02.421.585.400.480'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C23.550.767.700', 'C23.888.592.612.832'], ['N03.706.742'], ['C23.550.767'], ['E05.318.740.600', 'G17.680', 'N05.715.360.750.625', 'N06.850.520.830.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
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| 0
| 0
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|
Structure and Composition of Native Membrane Derived Polymer-Supported Lipid Bilayers.
|
Over the last two decades, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) have been extensively used as model systems to study cell membrane structure and function. While SLBs have been traditionally produced from simple lipid mixtures, there has been a recent surge in compositional complexity to better mimic cellular membranes and thereby bridge the gap between classic biophysical approaches and cell experiments. To this end, native cellular membrane derived SLBs (nSLBs) have emerged as a new category of SLBs. As a new type of biomimetic material, an analytical workflow must be designed to characterize its molecular composition and structure. Herein, we demonstrate how a combination of fluorescence microscopy, neutron reflectometry, and secondary ion mass spectrometry offers new insights on structure, composition, and quality of nSLB systems formed using so-called hybrid vesicles, which are a mixture of native membrane material and synthetic lipids. With this approach, we demonstrate that the nSLB formed a continuous structure with complete mixing of the synthetic and native membrane components and a molecular stoichiometry that essentially mirrors that of the hybrid vesicles. Furthermore, structural investigation of the nSLB revealed that PEGylated lipids do not significantly thicken the hydration layer between the bilayer and substrate when on silicon substrates; however, nSLBs do have more topology than their simpler, purely synthetic counterparts. Beyond new insights regarding the structure and composition of nSLB systems, this work also serves to guide future researchers in producing and characterizing nSLBs from their cellular membrane of choice.
|
['Animals', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Cell Membrane', 'Glycerophospholipids', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Neutron Diffraction', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion', 'Spodoptera']
| 30,350,611
|
[['B01.050'], ['J01.637.087'], ['A11.284.149'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['E01.370.350.515.458', 'E05.595.458'], ['E05.196.309.555', 'E05.196.822.650', 'G01.867.650', 'G02.551'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E05.196.566.760'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
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The MTT and Crystal Violet Assays: Potential Confounders in Nanoparticle Toxicity Testing.
|
The toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on humans, animals, and environment are largely unknown. Assessment of NPs cytotoxicity depends on the choice of the test system. Due to NPs optical activity and absorption values, they can influence the classical cytotoxicity assay. Eight NPs were spiked in the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet assays and tested with HaCaT human skin cells. The MTT assay standard curve optical density (OD) measurements were altered by the presence of trisilanol phenyl and trisilanol isooctyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane particles. The crystal violet standard curve OD measurements were significantly shifted by gold NPs, but they did not affect the MTT assay. Carbon black decreased ODs in the MTT and crystal violet assays and was localized in the cell cytoplasm. These findings strongly indicate that a careful choice of in vitro viability systems is required to avoid flawed measurement of NPs toxicity.
|
['Biological Assay', 'Cadmium Compounds', 'Cell Line', 'Gentian Violet', 'Gold', 'Humans', 'Nanoparticles', 'Organosilicon Compounds', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Soot', 'Sulfides', 'Tetrazolium Salts', 'Thiazoles', 'Toxicity Tests']
| 27,207,930
|
[['E05.091'], ['D01.142'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D02.092.146.400'], ['D01.268.556.322', 'D01.268.956.186', 'D01.552.544.322'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.637.512.600'], ['D02.756'], ['D01.578.750', 'D01.650.550.825', 'D01.837.725'], ['D20.633.937.339'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['D03.383.129.617.700'], ['D02.886.675', 'D03.383.129.708'], ['E05.940']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of biostimulation and social organization on the interval from calving to resumption of ovarian cyclicity in postpartum Angus cows.
|
The objective was to assess the effect of biostimulation by the male presence and social organization on the interval from calving to resumption of ovarian cyclicity (ICR). Thirty Angus cows were allocated according parity into three groups (10 per group); two groups were exposed to bulls, and a third group not exposed to bulls served as a control. Dominance values (with subsequent arc-sin transformation) were calculated from daily recorded agonistic interactions and later organized into dominance order comprising three social categories as follows: dominant (D), intermediate (I), and subordinates (S). The ICR was established by determining presence of luteal tissue and a rise of blood progesterone concentration above 1 ng/mL using ultrasonography and a solid-phase, nonextraction radioimmunoassay (Coat-a-Count; Diagnostics Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, USA), respectively. The effect of biostimulation, dominance order, and treatment by dominance order on ICR was statistically analyzed applying ANOVA using PROC GLM of SAS (2010). The ICR was influenced by biostimulation (P < 0.002) and dominance order (P < 0.004). The ICR increased as dominance order decreased (D = 34.5 ± 6 days; I = 45.0 ± 6; S = 53.1 ± 4 days; P < 0.01). However, when comparing cows within social categories, ICR was reduced in the group exposed to bulls (D = 26.3 ± 8.2 days; I = 42.0 ± 6.4 days; S = 46.1 ± 4.1 days) compared with those not exposed to bulls (D = 43.0 ± 8.2 days; I = 48.0 ± 10.1 days; S = 60.2 ± 6.4 days) cows. In conclusion, biostimulation and social dominance influenced the ICR.
|
['Animals', 'Cattle', 'Corpus Luteum', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'Male', 'Postpartum Period', 'Progesterone', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Social Behavior', 'Social Dominance']
| 23,465,721
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['A05.360.319.114.630.278', 'A06.300.312.497.278'], ['G08.686.195'], ['G08.686.702'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['F01.145.113.252.748'], ['F01.145.813'], ['F01.145.813.650']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Water balance assessment of different substrates on potash tailings piles using non-weighable lysimeters.
|
Water balance is an important tool to evaluate water deficit or excess in crop systems. However, few studies have evaluated the water balance of vegetation grown on the residues from potash mining because the high sodium chloride levels of the residues hinder agricultural development. Therefore, this study aims to measure the water balance components in eight non-weighing lysimeters installed on a potash tailings pile in Heringen (Werra), Germany. These lysimeters were filled with different mixtures of household waste incineration slags and coal combustion residues, resulting in 4 different substrates with two repetitions. Manual seeding was performed using 65% perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), 25% red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and 10% Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Environmental conditions were monitored using an automatic weather station; ground-level and 1-m-high rain gauges. Precipitation and drainage were recorded weekly following the initial saturation of the lysimeters. Water balance components were determined for two hydrological years based on the expression: ET (mm) = P - D, where ET = evapotranspiration, P = precipitation and D = drainage. In addition, evapotranspiration was studied using the standard FAO Penman-Monteith equation and Haude's method. The lysimeter water balance measured in 2014 revealed an actual evapotranspiration rate of 66.4% for substrate 1, 66.9% for substrate 2, 65.1% for substrate 3 and 64.1% for substrate 4. In 2015, evapotranspiration ranged from 65.7% for substrate 4 to 70.2% for substrate 1. We observed that the FAO Penman-Monteith and Haude's evapotranspiration models generally overestimated the water use of the green coverage by 67% and 23%, respectively. Our study suggests that an evapotranspiration cover for potash tailings piles may decrease brine drainage from these piles and reduce soil and water contamination.
|
['Complex Mixtures', 'Germany', 'Plant Transpiration', 'Poaceae', 'Soil', 'Water']
| 28,365,548
|
[['D20'], ['Z01.542.315'], ['G15.713'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822'], ['D20.721', 'G01.311.820', 'G16.500.275.815', 'N06.230.600'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Gene expression profiling of breast cancer cell lines in response to soy isoflavones using a pangenomic microarray approach.
|
Although the rate of breast cancer differs between women in Asian and Western countries, molecular genetics/genomics basis of this epidemiological observation remains elusive. Moreover, the intake of phytoestrogens is associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer. Genistein and daidzein are the primary soy isoflavones with a chemical structure similar to estrogens. Conceivably, the actions of phytoestrogens on gene expression signatures might mediate their postulated effects on breast cancer pathogenesis. The present study evaluated the transcriptional responsiveness of breast cancer cells to soy phytoestrogens using a whole-genome microarray-based approach. Human breast cancer cell lines and a fibrocystic breast cell line were treated with genistein or daidzein. We identified 278 and 334 differentially expressed genes after genistein or daidzein treatment, respectively, in estrogen-positive (MCF-7) and estrogen-negative (MDA-MB-231, MCF-10a) cells. Hierarchical clustering of this finding revealed a significant modulation, respectively, of 246 or 169 genes after genistein or daidzein exposures. Importantly, the molecular pathways for the differentially expressed genes included those that relate to cell communication, biodegradation of xenobiotics, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, and cell growth/death. These molecular observations collectively contribute to a growing knowledgebase on the putative mechanism(s) of action of phytoestrogens in breast cancer pathogenesis and chemoprevention.
|
['Breast Neoplasms', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Profiling', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Genistein', 'Genome, Human', 'Humans', 'Isoflavones', 'Microarray Analysis', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Multigene Family', 'Phytoestrogens']
| 20,455,703
|
[['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.251'], ['E05.393.332'], ['G05.308.370'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400.375', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400.375'], ['G05.360.340.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.400', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.400'], ['E05.588.570'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.645'], ['D27.505.696.399.472.277.540.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The final chapter. Sound management procedures facilitate a hospital's closure.
|
The closure of a healthcare institution affects employees, patients, and the community. When St. Mary's Health Center, Emporia, KS, closed in 1991, those who administered the closure followed a procedure that lessened the burden on all involved. Because of the health center's deteriorating financial picture, CSJ Health System of Wichita (of which St. Mary's was a member) decided to close the facility. Once the system's board of trustees and the ordinary of the Archdiocese of Kansas City, KS (in which Emporia is located), approved the closure, facility and system leaders planned the procedures for announcing the closure and helping employees and patients through the difficult times ahead. On announcement day the CSJ Health System president and St. Mary's chief executive officer met with department heads to inform them that no new patients would be accepted and to explain the dismissal and transfer processes. Department heads were also asked to tell those they supervised about the closure and about meetings for employees later that day. Counselors were available to help department heads and employees through that emotional day and during the weeks and months ahead. Employees received packets of information describing severance benefits. Human resources personnel sponsored a job fair at which many former employees found jobs. A closing ceremony was held at a local chapel. During the ceremony employees voiced their appreciation of the way in which the closure had been completed and the openness and supportiveness of the sisters, the system, and St. Mary's administrators.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Bankruptcy', 'Catholicism', 'Community-Institutional Relations', 'Health Facility Closure', 'Hospital Bed Capacity, under 100', 'Hospitals, Religious', 'Information Services', 'Kansas', 'Patient Transfer', 'Planning Techniques', 'Vocational Guidance']
| 10,119,537
|
[['N03.219.463.045'], ['K01.844.188.250'], ['N04.452.822.210'], ['N02.278.218', 'N05.300.430.390'], ['N02.278.306.472.080'], ['N02.278.421.481.600'], ['L01.453'], ['Z01.107.567.875.510.390'], ['E02.760.169.624', 'E02.760.400.630', 'N02.421.585.169.624', 'N02.421.585.400.630', 'N04.590.233.727.210.624'], ['N04.452.718'], ['F02.784.629.937', 'F02.784.692.887']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Effectiveness of photopolymerization in composite resins using a novel 445-nm diode laser in comparison to LED and halogen bulb technology.
|
Challenges especially in the minimal invasive restorative treatment of teeth require further developments of composite polymerization techniques. These include, among others, the securing of a complete polymerization with moderate thermal stress for the pulp. The aim of this study is to compare current light curing sources with a blue diode laser regarding curing depth and heat generation during the polymerization process. A diode laser (445 nm), a LED, and a halogen lamp were used for polymerizing composite resins. The curing depth was determined according to the norm ISO 4049. Laser output powers of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 W were chosen. The laser beam diameter was adapted to the glass rod of the LED and the halogen lamp (8 mm). The irradiation time was fixed at 40 s. To ascertain ÄT values, the surface and ground area temperatures of the cavities were simultaneously determined during the curing via a thermography camera and a thermocouple. The curing depths for the LED (3.3 mm), halogen lamp (3.1 mm) and laser(0.5/1 W) (3/3.3 mm) showed no significant differences (p < 0.05). The values of ÄTsurface as well as ÄTground also showed no significant differences among LED, halogen lamp, and laser(1 W). The ÄTsurface values were 4.1LED, 4.3halogen lamp, and 4.5 °C for the laser while the ÄTground values were 2.7LED, 2.6halogen lamp, and 2.9 °C for the laser. The results indicate that the blue diode laser (445 nm) is a feasible alternative for photopolymerization of complex composite resin restorations in dentistry by the use of selected laser parameters.
|
['Composite Resins', 'Curing Lights, Dental', 'Halogens', 'Lasers, Semiconductor', 'Light', 'Materials Testing', 'Polymerization', 'Polymers', 'Temperature']
| 30,291,465
|
[['D05.750.716.822.308', 'D25.339.816.500', 'D25.720.716.822.308', 'J01.637.051.339.816.500', 'J01.637.051.720.716.822.308'], ['E06.186.104', 'E07.222.104'], ['D01.268.380'], ['E07.632.490.480', 'E07.710.520.480'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['E05.570'], ['G02.750'], ['D05.750', 'D25.720', 'J01.637.051.720'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Summertime conditions of a muddy estuarine environment: the EsCoSed project contribution.
|
As part of the Estuarine Cohesive Sediments (EsCoSed) project, a field experiment was performed in a highly engineered environment, acting as a natural laboratory, to study the physico-chemical properties of estuarine sediments and the associated hydro-morphodynamics during different seasons. The present contribution focuses on the results obtained from the summertime monitoring of the most downstream part of the Misa River (Senigallia, Italy). The measured hydrodynamics suggested a strong interaction between river current, wave forcing and tidal motion; flow velocities, affected by wind waves traveling upstream, changed significantly along the water column in both direction and magnitude. Surficial salinities in the estuary were low in the upper reaches of the estuary and exceeded 10 psu before the river mouth. Montmorillonite dominated the clay mineral assemblage, suggesting that large, low density flocs with high settling velocities (>1 mm s(-1)) may dominate the suspended aggregate materials.
|
['Environmental Monitoring', 'Estuaries', 'Geologic Sediments', 'Italy', 'Rivers', 'Seasons', 'Water', 'Water Movements', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 26,442,485
|
[['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['G01.311.625.540'], ['G01.311.330', 'G16.500.320'], ['Z01.542.489'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['G16.500.971', 'N06.230.132.644.750', 'N06.230.850'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
[High-dose thiotepa chemotherapy in children].
|
High-dose thiotepa (800-900 mg/m2) polychemotherapy following combined treatment resulted in high toxicity and lethality. 600 mg/m2 proved optimal for double-conditioning regimens since it exerted antitumor effect without causing fatal complications.
|
['Adolescent', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Survival Analysis', 'Thiotepa', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Wilms Tumor']
| 11,147,412
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.519.124.035', 'D27.505.954.248.150', 'D27.888.569.035.035'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['E05.318.740.998', 'N05.715.360.750.795', 'N06.850.520.830.998'], ['D02.705.672.875', 'D03.383.097.217.935.960'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C04.557.435.595', 'C04.588.945.947.535.585', 'C04.700.900', 'C12.758.820.750.585', 'C12.777.419.473.585', 'C13.351.937.820.535.585', 'C13.351.968.419.473.585', 'C16.320.700.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Management of stroke as described by Ibn Sina (Avicenna) in the Canon of Medicine.
|
Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is caused by a disturbance of the blood supply to the brain and an accruing loss of brain function. The first recorded observations were in 2455 BC and it has been studied intensely by ancient physicians throughout history. In the early medieval period, Ibn Sina (980-1025 AD) called stroke sekteh and described it extensively. Some of Ibn Sina's definitions and his etiology of stroke are based on humoral theories and cannot be compared with medical current concepts, but most of his descriptions concur with current definitions. This review examines the definition and etiology, clinical manifestations, prognosis, differential diagnosis, and interventions for stroke based on Ibn Sina's epic work, Canon of Medicine. The pharmacological effects of medicinal herbs suggested by Ibn Sina for stroke are examined in light of current knowledge.
|
['Disease Management', 'History, Medieval', 'Humans', 'Medicine, Arabic', 'Reference Books, Medical', 'Stroke']
| 24,063,916
|
[['N04.590.607'], ['K01.400.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.190.488.510', 'I01.076.201.450.654.510'], ['L01.178.682.192.836.842'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Comprehensive DNA methylation analysis of tissue of origin of plasma cell-free DNA by methylated CpG tandem amplification and sequencing (MCTA-Seq).
|
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive analysis of the tissue of origin of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) remains insufficient. A genome-scale DNA methylation method for this analysis is of both biological and clinical interest.METHODS: We used the methylated CpG tandem amplification and sequencing (MCTA-Seq), which is a genome-scale DNA methylation method, for analyzing cfDNA. We performed MCTA-Seq to pair plasma cfDNA and white blood cell genomic DNA from 14 healthy individuals for comparative analysis, with eight tissues being analyzed for identifying tissue-specific markers. The relative contributions of multiple tissues to cfDNA were calculated for plasma cfDNA obtained from healthy adults (n = 25), cholelithiasis patients (n = 13), liver cirrhosis patients (n = 17), hepatocellular carcinoma patients (n = 30), and acute pancreatitis patients (n = 8).RESULTS: We identified a total of 146 tissue-specific hypermethylation markers. Simulation analysis showed that MCTA-Seq can accurately measure DNA fractions contributed by multiple tissues to cfDNA. We demonstrated that the liver is the major non-hematopoietic tissue contributing to plasma cfDNA in healthy adults. The method also detected increases in the liver-derived DNA in the blood from patients with liver diseases, which correlate with an increase in the liver enzyme level. Furthermore, the results indicated that blood cells make a major contribution to the elevation of cfDNA levels in acute pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Finally, we characterized a novel set of tissue-specific hypermethylation markers for cfDNA detection, which are located within the intragenic regions of tissue-specific highly expressed genes.CONCLUSIONS: We have used MCTA-Seq for simultaneously measuring cfDNA fractions contributed by multiple tissues. Applying this approach to healthy adults and liver and pancreas disease patients revealed the tissue of origin of cfDNA. The approach and the identified markers should facilitate assessing the cfDNA dynamics in a variety of human diseases.
|
['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell-Free Nucleic Acids', 'Cholelithiasis', 'CpG Islands', 'DNA Methylation', 'Female', 'High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Organ Specificity', 'Pancreas', 'Pancreatitis', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'Whole Genome Sequencing']
| 31,234,922
|
[['D23.101.140'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.255', 'C04.588.274.623.160', 'C06.301.623.160', 'C06.552.697.160'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['D13.444.154'], ['C06.130.409'], ['G02.111.570.080.380.160', 'G05.360.080.380.160', 'G05.360.340.024.159'], ['G02.111.035.538.161', 'G02.111.218', 'G03.059.538.161', 'G05.206'], ['E05.393.760.319'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.620'], ['C06.552.630', 'C23.550.355.412'], ['C04.588.274.623', 'C06.301.623', 'C06.552.697'], ['G07.650'], ['A03.734'], ['C06.689.750'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['E05.393.760.700.825']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Paradiplozoon yunnanensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) from Sikukia gudgeri (Cyprinidae, Barbinae) in southwest China.
|
Paradiplozoon yunnanensis n. sp. (Monogenea, Diplozoidae) is described from the gills of Sikukia gudgeri Smith, 1931 (Cyprinidae) collected from Jinghong Basin, a tributary of the international Lancang-Mekong River. This is the first diplozoid species from S. gudgeri and its description increases the number of Paradiplozoon species recorded in China to 25. The new species is distinguished from congeners by a combination of morphological and molecular features. The anterior end of the median plate is thickened in the marginal area and a narrow rectangular trapeze spur connects to the anterior jaw through two separate anterior joining sclerites. The posterior end of the median plate sclerite is invaginated with a smooth strip-shaped posterior joining sclerite. Comparison of a newly obtained sequence of rRNA ITS2 with 18 other congeneric sequences from GenBank provides support for separation of the new species.
|
['Animals', 'China', 'Cyprinidae', 'DNA, Helminth', 'Fish Diseases', 'Gills', 'Phylogeny', 'RNA, Ribosomal', 'Rivers', 'Trematoda', 'Trematode Infections']
| 30,192,224
|
[['B01.050'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.200.244'], ['D13.444.308.315'], ['C22.362'], ['A13.421'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['D13.444.735.686'], ['G01.311.750', 'G16.500.275.280.650', 'N06.230.232.650'], ['B01.050.500.500.736.715'], ['C01.610.335.865']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The expression and significance of five types of miRNAs in breast cancer.
|
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the expression and significance of 5 types of miRNAs in breast cancer to provide a theoretical and practical foundation for using these miRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, thereby improving medical services.MATERIAL/METHODS: Stem-loop real-time RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-145, miR-21, miR-10b, miR-125a, and miR-206 in 35 cases of breast cancer and adjacent normal breast tissues, and to analyze the relationship of miRNAs expression with clinicopathological features of breast cancer. The expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were examined by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used for the detection of HER-2 and TOP 2A.RESULTS: The expression levels of miR-145, miR-125a, and miR-206 in breast cancer were lower than those in adjacent normal tissues. MiR-145 was negatively correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, ER, HER-2, and TOP 2A (P<0.05), regardless of age, menstruation, and PR. MiR-125a was correlated with negative node status, negative HER-2 status (P<0.05), whereas tumor size, age, menstruation, ER, and PR were independent factors. MiR-206 expression was correlated with negative ER status, negative PR status, and negative HER-2 status (P<0.05), regardless of age, menstruation, lymph node metastasis, and TOP 2A. MiR-21 and miR-10b expression in breast cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P<0.05). MiR-21 in post-menstrual patients with lymph node metastasis was highly expressed (P<0.05), and had no correlations with tumor size, ER, PR, and TOP 2A expression. MiR-10b expression was positively correlated with breast cancer tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and TOP 2A status (P<0.05), but had no correlations with age, menstruation, ER, PR, and HER-2.CONCLUSIONS: MiR-145, miR-21, miR-10b, miR-125a, and miR-206 may play important roles in breast cancer development and invasion.
|
['Adult', 'Antigens, Neoplasm', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'DNA Topoisomerases, Type II', 'DNA-Binding Proteins', 'Female', 'Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Receptor, ErbB-2']
| 25,047,098
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D23.050.285'], ['C04.588.180', 'C17.800.090.500'], ['D08.811.399.403.741'], ['D12.776.260'], ['G05.308.370'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.670.325.350', 'E01.370.225.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.200.500.620.670.325.350', 'E05.200.750.600.670.325.350', 'E05.393.285.350', 'E05.393.661.475.350'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Further studies on rapid dilution and warming of boar semen.
|
Studies have been carried out to investigate factors related to the induction of warm shock in boar spermatozoa. Rapid dilution per se caused visible damage to acrosomes when the sample contained 7.5% or more glycerol. This dilution effect was greater at lower temperatures. Acrosomal damage was greatly reduced by raising the dilution temperature from 15 to 25 degrees C, suggesting that a change in the physico-chemical characteristics of the acrosomal membrane occurred between these temperatures. During rapid dilution with warming, the dilution rate, the magnitude of the temperature change and the terminal temperature had a significant influence on acrosomal integrity; a terminal temperature of 35 degrees C was much more detrimental than one of 25 degrees C. The first sign of acrosomal damage was observed 15 sec after rapid dilution + warming and the damage was nearly maximal by 60 sec. An antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), was effective against both rapid cooling and warming, while glycerol, dimethylsulphoxide and propylene glycol were ineffective in preventing warm shock.
|
['Acrosome', 'Animals', 'Butylated Hydroxytoluene', 'Cryoprotective Agents', 'Freezing', 'Hot Temperature', 'Male', 'Semen Preservation', 'Spermatozoa', 'Swine', 'Time Factors']
| 3,361,486
|
[['A05.360.490.890.820.100', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.550.040', 'A11.497.760.400.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.239.216'], ['D27.505.696.706.320', 'D27.720.799.180'], ['G01.645.500', 'G01.906.595.272.437', 'G02.734.466'], ['G01.906.595.543', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710.380', 'G16.500.750.775.710.380', 'N06.230.300.100.725.232', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710.380'], ['E02.792.833.890', 'E05.760.833.890'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Mating activity of male SHR rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis virus].
|
The male SHR rats infected with sialodacryoadenitis (SDA) virus did not show any abnormal mating activity. However, high mortality was seen in embryos of diseased dams after cage-mating with infected males on Day 4 to Day 11 postinoculation.
|
['Animals', 'Coronaviridae Infections', 'Female', 'Fetal Death', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred SHR', 'Reproduction', 'Sexual Behavior, Animal', 'Time Factors']
| 8,390,940
|
[['B01.050'], ['C01.925.782.600.550'], ['C13.703.223', 'C23.550.260.585'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.760.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.400.300'], ['G08.686.784'], ['F01.145.113.252.748'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanism of allergic cross-reactions. V. High incidence of unanticipated cross-stimulation by natural allergens of rat basophilic leukemia cells sensitized with monoclonal IgE antibodies.
|
The incidence of cross-stimulations by natural allergens was investigated using RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with five different mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgEs and four mercury-induced rat monoclonal IgEs. Cells sensitized with 3 of the 5 monoclonal anti-DNP IgEs (clones SPE-7, SRT-1, LB4) responded by serotonin release upon stimulation by natural allergens such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, horse dander and mugwort extracts. Serotonin release could be inhibited by monovalent DNP-lysine, indicating the involvement of DNP-binding sites of IgEs. Two of the clones (LO-DNP-30 and LA2) were negative on all tests with allergens. All but one (Hg32) of the mercury-induced rat IgE monoclonal antibodies tested positive with DNP-BSA, and with at least one of the six allergen extracts. IgE clone Hg12 mediated serotonin release with 5 of the 6 allergens tested.
|
['Allergens', 'Animals', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antigens, Dermatophagoides', 'Cell Degranulation', 'Cross Reactions', 'Glycoproteins', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute', 'Mast Cells', 'Mites', 'Rats', 'Serotonin']
| 7,549,509
|
[['D23.050.063'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D23.050.181'], ['G04.468.160'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D09.400.430', 'D12.776.395'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.619.312', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.619.312', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.619.312'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.125'], ['A11.329.427', 'A15.382.652'], ['B01.050.500.131.166.132.419'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Prioritizing comparative-effectiveness research topics via stakeholder involvement: an application in COPD.
|
A major priority for funding agencies and researchers involved in comparative-effectiveness research (CER) is to ensure that research questions will produce findings that are relevant and feasible to implement. In this article, we describe a process for involving experts and stakeholders in identifying and prioritizing CER studies, as illustrated by our experience in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
|
['Comparative Effectiveness Research', 'Decision Making', 'Humans', 'Policy Making', 'Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive', 'Research Support as Topic', 'United States']
| 22,048,220
|
[['H01.770.644.145.360.500', 'N05.425.157'], ['F02.463.785.373'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N03.706.742'], ['C08.381.495.389'], ['N03.219.483.645'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Health-related and condition-specific quality of life in episodic cluster headache.
|
Health-related quality of life was studied in 35 episodic cluster headache (CH) patients during and after the cluster period, using a generic (SF-36) and a headache-specific (MSQ2.1) instrument. The results were compared with those of age- and sex-matched migraineurs (n = 53) and healthy persons (n = 62). During the cluster period patients had lower scores than controls in all SF-36 and MSQ2.1 domains. The difference was significant for most SF-36 and all MSQ2.1 domains. Although CH patients had lower scores than migraineurs on most scales, the difference was significant only on SF-36 scores measuring bodily pain and social functioning. There was a good correlation between the two instruments. After the termination of the cluster period the quality of life of patients was similar to that of headache-free controls. Generic and headache-specific QoL are severely impaired in CH and this impairment is at least as severe as in migraine.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Cluster Headache', 'Female', 'Health Status', 'Health Surveys', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Quality of Life', 'Statistics, Nonparametric']
| 15,009,012
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['C10.228.140.546.399.937.500'], ['I01.240.425', 'N01.224.425', 'N06.850.505.400.425'], ['E05.318.308.980.438', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Evaluation of risk factors that contribute to high prevalence of premature atherosclerosis in Chinese premenopausal systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of atherosclerosis in Chinese premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and study possible associations between traditional and nontraditional risk factors with premature atherosclerosis.METHODS: We evaluated 111 premenopausal women with SLE and 40 healthy controls without clinical cardiovascular disease. B-mode ultrasound was used to measure carotid plaque and intima-media wall thickness (IMT). The frequency of risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients and controls was compared, and the relationship between the patients' clinical characteristics and carotid plaque was examined. At the same time, we used B-mode ultrasound to measure flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD) in the brachial artery to assess for difference in endothelial function between SLE patients and controls.RESULTS: Carotid plaque was more frequent in patients with lupus (16 of 111 patients) than in control subjects (0 of 40 subjects) (P = 0.007). The mean IMT was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Compared with controls, SLE patients were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (P = 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (P = 0.022), and hypertriglyceridemia (P < 0.001). As compared with patients without plaque, patients with plaque were significantly older, had longer disease duration, higher body mass index, raised blood pressure, shorter prothrombin time, raised C-reactive protein, higher Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index score, higher cumulative prednisone dose, used less hydroxychloroquine, had higher mean IMT, lower FMD, and NMD. In logistic regression analysis, older age, higher body mass index, and higher Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage index score were independently related to the presence of plaque. Using multiple regression analysis, we found SLE (P = 0.003) to be significantly associated with impaired FMD.CONCLUSION: In our Chinese SLE group, patients presented a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis plaque than healthy controls. SLE patients have significant endothelial dysfunction. We found that risk factors identified in other SLE populations were associated with atherosclerosis in our Chinese group.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Body Mass Index', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Case-Control Studies', 'China', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypertension', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Middle Aged', 'Premenopause', 'Risk Factors', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Tunica Intima', 'Tunica Media', 'Vasodilation', 'Young Adult']
| 19,300,290
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C10.228.140.300.200', 'C14.907.253.123'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C14.907.489'], ['C17.300.480', 'C20.111.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.157.500.812', 'G08.686.841.249.500.812'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['A07.015.700'], ['A07.015.733'], ['G09.330.380.928'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
To drain or not to drain - management of pediatric deep neck abscesses: a case-control study.
|
UNLABELLED: Optimal management of deep neck abscesses has been the subject of debate for more than a century: surgical drainage has been the mainstay of treatment, but recently many centres have reported successful non-operative management in selected cases.OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to review the management of deep neck abscesses in our institution and to identify characteristics that would predict successful non-operative management.METHODS: A retrospective chart review from January 2001 to August 2010 was performed. Children up to age fifteen years with a CT-confirmed diagnosis of retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal abscess were included. A case-control study of small deep space neck abscesses (? 25 mm maximal diameter) was performed, comparing antibiotic treatment alone with antibiotics plus abscess drainage.RESULTS: 54 children met the inclusion criteria, of whom half had abscesses ? 25 mm diameter. Younger children within the group with smaller abscesses were more likely to need surgical drainage (p<0.05). Of 13 children requiring operative management, ten underwent a period of antibiotic treatment and observation prior to surgery, eight (80%) had fever beyond 48 h compared with three (23%) in the non-surgical group (p<0.01). 27 children had an abscess > 25 mm diameter on CT scan, four (15%) of whom responded quickly to antibiotics and were managed non-operatively, while the rest underwent surgery. There were no significant differences between the surgical and non-surgical group characteristics with larger abscesses.CONCLUSION: High dose intravenous antibiotics are an effective treatment for deep space neck abscesses and may obviate the need for surgical drainage, particularly in smaller abscesses. Children who do not respond quickly to antibiotics are more likely to require surgery to achieve resolution. Children with larger abscesses may respond to antibiotic therapy alone but should be closely observed. A trial of high dose intravenous antibiotics in stable children with close observation is warranted as first line treatment, especially for small deep space neck abscesses.
|
['Abscess', 'Adolescent', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Cohort Studies', 'Drainage', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Neck', 'Pharyngeal Diseases', 'Reference Values', 'Retropharyngeal Abscess', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Statistics, Nonparametric', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 23,089,190
|
[['C01.830.025', 'C23.550.470.756.100'], ['M01.060.057'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['E02.309', 'E04.237'], ['E02.319.310'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['E05.318.740.150.500', 'N05.715.360.750.125.500', 'N06.850.520.830.150.500'], ['A01.598'], ['C07.550', 'C09.775'], ['E05.978.810'], ['C01.748.561.625', 'C01.830.025.780', 'C07.550.781.625', 'C08.730.561.625', 'C09.775.649.625'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E05.318.740.995', 'N05.715.360.750.760', 'N06.850.520.830.995'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of nitroglycerin at therapeutic doses on platelet aggregation in unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction.
|
The platelet aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and to thrombin was quantified in 10 patients, 5 with unstable angina pectoris and 5 with acute myocardial infarction, before, during and after a 45-minute infusion of nitroglycerin. An impedance aggregometer allowing rapid bedside studies in whole blood was used. The reproducibility of the methods was documented to be within 10%. Doses of nitroglycerin were titrated for a 10 mm Hg decrease in mean arterial blood pressure with mean doses being 1.2 +/- 0.2 (standard error of the mean) micrograms/kg/min. Nitroglycerin decreased the area under the aggregation curve induced by ADP from 43 +/- 3.6 to 30 +/- 6.3 cm2 (p = 0.007) and by thrombin from 8.9 +/- 1.7 to 4.1 +/- 0.9 cm2 (p = 0.003). Peak responses to ADP were decreased from 13.3 +/- 1 to 9.1 +/- 1.7 ohms (p = 0.005) and to thrombin from 9.3 +/- 2 to 5.0 +/- 1.2 ohms (p = 0.003). All patients had greater than or equal to 50% inhibition with 1 agent or the other and the inhibition was greater than 50% with each of the 2 aggregating agents in 6 patients. Analyses performed on blood withdrawn 15 minutes after the discontinuation of nitroglycerin showed a return to baseline before nitroglycerin results. When analyses were delayed and performed on blood preserved at room temperature for 30 minutes, no effect of nitroglycerin could be detected. Thus, bedside platelet aggregation studies document a significant and reversible effect of nitroglycerin at therapeutic doses on platelet function.
|
['Adenosine Diphosphate', 'Angina Pectoris', 'Angina, Unstable', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Nitroglycerin', 'Platelet Aggregation', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Platelet Function Tests', 'Thrombin', 'Time Factors']
| 2,119,139
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.124', 'D13.695.667.138.124', 'D13.695.827.068.124'], ['C14.280.647.187', 'C14.907.585.187', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500'], ['C14.280.647.187.150', 'C14.907.585.187.150', 'C23.888.592.612.233.500.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D02.640.636'], ['G09.188.370.687', 'G09.188.390.600.640'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['E01.370.225.625.625', 'E05.200.625.625'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Independent coding across spatial scales in moving fractal images..
|
We compared observers' ability to discriminate the direction of apparent motion using images which varied in their spatial characteristic; white or flat spectrum noise, and 1/f noise which has an amplitude spectrum characteristic of natural scenes. The upper spatial limit for discrimination (dmax) was measured using a two-flash random dot kinematogram (RDK), which consisted either of a pair of bandpass filtered images or of a bandpass filtered image and its broadband counterpart. Six bandpass central frequencies were used, ranging from 0.25 to 5.66 cyc/deg. Subjects could perform the direction discrimination task for all six central frequencies in both the bandpass-bandpass and bandpass-broadband sequences for the 1/f images, and dmax values were found to be approximately equal in these two conditions at all spatial scales. However, for the white noise images, direction discrimination was not possible at the lowest central frequencies in the bandpass-broadband task. These data show that information from a wide range of spatial scales is equally salient to the human motion system in images whose amplitude spectra fall as 1/f. However, for white noise images, information at the higher spatial frequencies is more salient and dominates performance in the direction discrimination task. These results are consistent with a model in which spatial frequency filters in the input lines of motion detectors have octave constant spatial frequency bandwidths and equal peak sensitivity. In line with a number of recent studies, this suggests that the spatial properties of motion sensitive cells are matched to the statistical properties of natural scenes.
|
['Contrast Sensitivity', 'Discrimination, Psychological', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Motion Perception', 'Optical Illusions', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Psychophysics']
| 9,274,773
|
[['E01.370.380.850.950.500', 'F02.463.593.778.435.110', 'F02.463.593.932.281', 'F02.463.593.932.901.500', 'G14.940.500'], ['F02.463.593.257'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F02.463.593.932.567'], ['F02.463.593.446.659'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['E01.370.685', 'F04.096.753']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Down-regulation by extracellular ATP of rat hepatocyte organic anion transport is mediated by serine phosphorylation of oatp1.
|
Recent studies implicate a role in hepatocyte organic anion transport of a plasma membrane protein that has been termed oatp1 (organic anion transport protein 1). Little is known regarding mechanisms by which its transport activity is modulated in vivo. In previous studies (Campbell, C. G., Spray, D. C., and Wolkoff, A. W. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 15399-15404), we demonstrated that hepatocyte uptake of sulfobromophthalein was down-regulated by extracellular ATP. We have now found that extracellular ATP reduces the V(max) for transport of sulfobromophthalein by rat hepatocytes; K(m) remains unaltered. Reduced transport also results from incubation of hepatocytes with the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A. Immunoprecipitation of biotinylated cell surface proteins indicates that oatp1 remains on the cell surface after exposure of cells to ATP or phosphatase inhibitor, suggesting that loss of transport activity is not caused by transporter internalization. Exposure of (32)P-loaded hepatocytes to extracellular ATP results in serine phosphorylation of oatp1 with the appearance of a single major tryptic phosphopeptide; oatp1 from control cells is not phosphorylated. This phosphopeptide comigrates with one of four phosphopeptides resulting from incubation of cells with okadaic acid. These studies indicate that the phosphorylation state of oatp1 must be an important consideration when assessing alterations of its functional expression in pathobiological states.
|
['Adenosine Triphosphate', 'Animals', 'Anion Transport Proteins', 'Biological Transport', 'Carrier Proteins', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Kinetics', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Marine Toxins', 'Okadaic Acid', 'Oxazoles', 'Phosphopeptides', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphoserine', 'Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Sulfobromophthalein']
| 10,625,701
|
[['D03.633.100.759.646.138.236', 'D13.695.667.138.236', 'D13.695.827.068.236'], ['B01.050'], ['D12.776.157.530.450.074', 'D12.776.543.585.450.074'], ['G03.143'], ['D12.776.157'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['A03.620'], ['D23.946.580'], ['D02.355.291.705', 'D23.946.580.710'], ['D03.383.129.462'], ['D12.644.717'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D12.125.154.800.968', 'D12.125.740.700'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.775'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.625.617']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Intrapericardial bevacizumab safely and effectively treats malignant pericardial effusion in advanced cancer patients.
|
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of intrapericardial bevacizumab (BEV) for treating symptomatic malignant pericardiac effusion (MPCE) in seven advanced cancer patients. All patients had previously undergone multiple lines of systemic therapy. Each patient received paracentesis and intrapericardial infusions of 100 or 200 mg of BEV every two weeks. Systemic treatments for primary tumors continued for all patients during BEV treatment. Of the seven patients, three achieved a complete response, two achieved a partial response, and two showed no response with regard to MPCE after BEV infusion. The median overall survival time was 168 days (range, 22-224 days). In six of the seven patients, effusion did not recur before death. Toxicity associated with BEV treatment was mild and manageable in all patients. This study provides preliminary evidence that intrapericardial BEV may be an effective and safe treatment for MPCE in patients with advanced cancers.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological', 'Bevacizumab', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms', 'Pericardial Effusion', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Young Adult']
| 27,203,219
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.248.384'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.375', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.438', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.438'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04'], ['C14.280.695'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Evaluation of the performances of the "MUSE AUTO CD4/CD4%" flow cytometer vs "GUAVA AUTO CD4/CD4%" flow cytometer for measuring the rate of CD4 lymphocytes in patients infected with HIV in Cameroon].
|
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the performances of the MUSE® flow cytometer compared with the reference GUAVA® flow cytometer.Methods: We conducted an experimental study on HIV-infected patient samples. Venous blood samples, collected in a K3 EDTA tube, were analyzed within 24-48 hours by MUSE® and GUAVA® cytometers at the International Center for medical diagnosis (Centre International de Diagnostic m?dical) in Yaound?.Results: In total, 227 samples were analyzed. There was a strong intraclass correlation (p<0.0001) between MUSE® and GUAVA® cytometers with a correlation coefficient 0.998 (95% CI: 0,998-0,999) for the absolute values and 0,992 (95% CI: 0,989-0,994) for the percentages. A strong positive linear correlation (p=0.0001) was found between MUSE® and GUAVA® cytometers with linear regression slope r2 = 0.98 (95% CI=0,97-0,99) for the absolute values and r2= 0.98 (95% CI= 0.96-1,00) for the percentages. The biases were -4,80 cells/µl (-101.31-91.71) for the absolute values and -0.89% (IC: -6,08-4.3) for the percentages. The percentage of data points outside the limits of agreement was 12/227 (5.29%) and 10/227 (4.41%) respectively for the absolute values and percentages. Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.92 and the area under the curve was 0,9975 (CI 95%: 0.99-1).Conclusion: MUSE®AUTO CD4/CD4% cytometer is a powerful instrument because its results are consistent with those obtained by the reference cytometer. It can enable tracking of patients infected with HIV, in particular in the developing countries.
|
['Adult', 'CD4 Lymphocyte Count', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cameroon', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']
| 31,068,996
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595.500.150', 'E05.200.625.107.595.500.150', 'E05.242.195.107.595.500.150', 'G04.140.107.595.500.150', 'G09.188.105.595.500.150'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569.200', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569.200'], ['Z01.058.290.100.110'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Thoracoscopy for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax].
|
Video-assisted thoracoscopy has used for lots of thoracic disorders. Spontaneous pneumothorax may be ideally suited for thoracoscopic management. Stapling of apical blebs and pleurodesis can now be performed thoracoscopically. We compared our results with thoracoscopic management of spontaneous pneumothorax in 12 patients (group I) with a group of 8 patients (group II) previously subjected to lateral thoracotomy. Operative time and hospital stay were less in group I (P < 0.05), as the use of parenteral narcotics after 24 hours (P < 0.05). There have been no recurrences to date in group I. Video-assisted thoracoscopic management is safe and offers the benefits of shorter hospital stays and less pain.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pleurodesis', 'Pneumothorax', 'Thoracoscopy', 'Video Recording']
| 7,750,414
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E02.319.694'], ['C08.528.778'], ['E01.370.388.250.840', 'E04.502.250.840', 'E04.928.752'], ['L01.280.960']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Nasal receptors responding to noxious chemical irritants.
|
This study was performed to investigate the chemoreception of trigeminal afferents in the nose. Single unit activity was recorded from the anterior ethmoidal nerve in the anesthetized guinea pig breathing through a tracheostomy during nasal instillation of capsaicin (0.3 mM), nicotine (6 mM) and ammonia (1.5 M) solutions or with distilled water. Out of 36 fibers recorded, nineteen were stimulated by capsaicin, six by nicotine and seventeen by ammonia. Among those fibers, two were stimulated by both capsaicin and nicotine, six by both capsaicin and ammonia and one nicotine-responsive fiber was also stimulated by ammonia. A large proportion of capsaicin- and nicotine-responsive fibers exhibited long lasting discharges (170.4 +/- 17.7 sec and 120.7 +/- 29.3 sec, respectively), and were not stimulated by the second application of the same substance. However, fibers responding to ammonia discharged for a shorter time (31.5 +/- 6.5 sec), indicating a rapid adaptation. These results indicate that the ethmoidal nerve possesses a well-developed responsiveness to noxious stimuli. The nociceptive component of this nerve may be related to the various cardiorespiratory responses that can be elicited from the nasal cavity and also to local axonal reflexes (neurogenic inflammation) due to the release of chemical mediators from C-fiber endings.
|
['Ammonia', 'Animals', 'Capsaicin', 'Chemoreceptor Cells', 'Female', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Male', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Nicotine', 'Stimulation, Chemical']
| 8,023,019
|
[['D01.362.075', 'D01.625.050'], ['B01.050'], ['D02.065.690.500', 'D02.455.326.271.690.222', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.099', 'D03.132.760.200', 'D10.251.355.325.190'], ['A08.675.650.915.500', 'A08.800.950.500', 'A11.671.650.915.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A04.531.449'], ['A08.675.542', 'A11.671.501'], ['D03.132.760.570', 'D03.383.725.518'], ['G07.690.773.996']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The accumulation of malonyldialdehyde, a product of fatty acid peroxidation, can disturb aminophospholipid organization in the membrane bilayer of human erythrocytes.
|
The distribution of phospholipids across erythrocyte membrane bilayer is asymmetrical. The present study reports the effect of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), a product of fatty acid peroxidation, on the organization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in human erythrocytes using a nonpermeable bee venom phospholipase A2 and trinitrobenzene-sulfonilic acid. MDA accumulation in the erythrocytes was accomplished both by its increased endogenous generation after exposure of cells to H2O2, as well as by the treatment of erythrocytes with exogenous authentic MDA. The above treatments resulted in a significantly increased movement of PS and PE from inner bilayer to outer bilayer, which had a highly positive correlation with the concentration of MDA in the erythrocyte membranes. Antioxidants vitamin E, butylated hydroxytoluene, and butylated hydroxyanisole inhibited the effect of H2O2 treatment on erythrocyte membrane lipid organization by scavenging fatty acid peroxidation and formation of MDA. Thus, lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation can disturb organization of PS and PE in the human erythrocyte membrane bilayer.
|
['Antioxidants', 'Erythrocyte Membrane', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Lipid Bilayers', 'Malonates', 'Malondialdehyde', 'Membrane Lipids', 'Phosphatidylethanolamines', 'Phosphatidylserines', 'Phospholipases A', 'Phospholipases A2']
| 6,706,963
|
[['D27.505.519.217', 'D27.505.696.706.125', 'D27.720.799.047'], ['A11.118.290.270', 'A11.284.149.356', 'A15.145.229.334.270'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['D10.570.510', 'J01.637.087.500.510'], ['D02.241.081.337.540'], ['D02.047.700'], ['D10.570'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.840'], ['D10.570.755.375.760.400.971'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750'], ['D08.811.277.352.100.680.750.937']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Extraarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis of the hip.
|
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of any joint in the extraarticular region is very rare. Its clinical and radiological differential diagnosis is difficult due to exhibiting findings of any soft tissue tumor. Here we report an extrarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis case of the hip of a five-year-old boy, with its radiological and histopathological aspects. The mass was completely extraarticular and was identified histologically and radiologically as pigmented villonodular synovitis. Six months after marginal excision, the lesion recurred. The physicians can face such cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis presenting with unusual extraarticular location, and the preferred excision should be wide to avoid possible recurrences.
|
['Hip', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Prognosis', 'Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular']
| 15,641,275
|
[['A01.378.610.400'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E01.789'], ['C04.557.450.565.380.690.500', 'C05.550.870.445.500', 'C05.651.869.762.500']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A general and efficient synthesis of pyridin-2-yl C-ribonucleosides bearing diverse alkyl, aryl, amino, and carbamoyl groups in position 6.
|
An efficient and practical methodology of preparation of 6-substituted pyridin-2-yl C-ribonucleosides was developed. A one-pot two-step addition of 2-lithio-6-bromopyridine to TBS-protected ribonolactone followed by acetylation gave 1beta-(6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-D-ribofuranose in high yield. Its reduction with Et(3)SiH and BF(3) x Et(2)O afforded the desired TBS-protected 6-bromopyridine C-ribonucleoside as pure beta-anomer in good overall yield of 63%. This intermediate was then subjected to a series of palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, aminations and aminocarbonylations to give a series of protected 1beta-(6-alkyl-, 6-aryl-, 6-amino-, and 6-carbamoylpyridin-2-yl)-C-ribonucleosides. Deprotection of silylated nucleosides by Et(3)N x 3HF gave a series of title free C-ribonucleosides (12 examples).
|
['Alkanes', 'Carbamates', 'Catalysis', 'Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Monosaccharides', 'Palladium', 'Ribonucleotides', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']
| 20,000,693
|
[['D02.455.326.146'], ['D02.241.081.251'], ['G02.130'], ['E05.196.181.400.300'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D09.947.875'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['D13.695.827'], ['G02.111.830', 'G07.690.773.997']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nursing externship: a collaborative endeavor between nursing education and nursing administration.
|
This article provides an excellent description of an 8-week summer externship program for nursing students.
|
['Education, Nursing', 'Faculty, Nursing', 'Humans', 'Interprofessional Relations', 'Nurse Administrators', 'Preceptorship']
| 14,639,115
|
[['I02.358.462'], ['M01.526.485.390', 'M01.526.702.250.473', 'N02.360.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401.205'], ['M01.526.070.670', 'M01.526.485.650.580', 'N02.360.650.580'], ['I02.358.968']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cell-mediated immunity and lymphocyte populations in experimental Argentine hemorrhagic fever (Jun?n Virus).
|
Guinea pigs infected with the XJ prototype strain of Jun?n virus reproduce the main features of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, showing hemorrhages, leukothrombocytopenia, and focal lymphoid tissue necrosis. Viral lymphotropism is shown by the presence of viral antigens, severe cytopathic effect, and high virus titers in lymphoid organs. A pronounced depression of humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes as well as to the virus is described. This study was carried out to determine whether cellular immune response was also modified and which cell populations were affected. Delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to purified protein derivative was found to be markedly depressed after infection. A noticeable decrease in both percentages and absolute T lymphocyte numbers, detected by E rosettes, in spleen and lymph nodes, together with a low absolute T cell number in peripheral blood, were observed. Total cell counts in spleen, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were also reduced. On the contrary, no modification in percentages of B lymphocytes, as measured by EAC rosettes, was found. These results indicate that cell-mediated immunity is markedly impaired in guinea pigs infected with the XJ strain of Jun?n virus. Its relationship with the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed.
|
['Animals', 'Arenaviruses, New World', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hemorrhagic Fever, American', 'Hypersensitivity, Delayed', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Rosette Formation', 'Spleen', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Tuberculin Test']
| 6,273,314
|
[['B01.050'], ['B04.820.480.500.070.095'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['C01.925.782.082.440', 'C01.925.782.417.400'], ['C20.543.418'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['E01.370.225.812.706', 'E05.200.812.706', 'E05.478.594.730'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A11.118.637.555.567.569', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.569', 'A15.382.490.555.567.569'], ['E01.370.225.812.871.800', 'E05.200.812.871.800', 'E05.478.594.890.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Molecular variation in the major outer membrane protein P5 gene of nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae during chronic infections.
|
During the course of persistent infections by nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic bronchitis, the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) P5 varies in molecular weight. The nature of this variability was determined by DNA sequence analysis of the P5 gene from five different H. influenzae strains and their seven MOMP P5 variants which were isolated from patients with chronic infections of the lower respiratory tract. Analysis of the P5 sequence data from the different strains revealed four well-defined, heterogeneous regions. These regions of variable sequence appeared to correspond to the regions of the gene encoding the putative surface-exposed loops of MOMP P5. The MOMP P5 variants with alterations in MOMP P5 were shown to result from DNA point mutations and codon deletions. In addition, in three variants derived sequentially from one H. influenzae strain, a frameshift mutation resulted in the formation of a stop codon in the region encoding the signal sequence of the MOMP P5 gene. Strikingly, all nucleotide substitutions in the MOMP P5 loop regions of variants were nonsynonymous, suggesting that variants with alterated amino acid compositions of the surface-exposed parts of MOMP P5 obtained a selective advantage during persistence of the infection by nonencapsulated H. influenzae in chronic bronchitis patients.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins', 'Base Sequence', 'Chronic Disease', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'Haemophilus Infections', 'Haemophilus influenzae', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Point Mutation']
| 9,119,473
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['D12.776.097.120', 'D12.776.543.100'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['C01.150.252.400.700.433'], ['B03.440.450.600.450.330', 'B03.660.250.550.290.330'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590.675']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genotyping genome-edited mutations in plants using CRISPR ribonucleoprotein complexes.
|
Despite the great achievements in genome editing, accurately detecting mutations induced by sequence-specific nucleases is still a challenge in plants, especially in polyploidy plants. An efficient detection method is particularly vital when the mutation frequency is low or when a large population needs to be screened. Here, we applied purified CRISPR ribonucleoprotein complexes to cleave PCR products for genome-edited mutation detection in hexaploid wheat and diploid rice. We show that this mutation detection method is more sensitive than Sanger sequencing and more applicable than PCR/RE method without the requirement for restriction enzyme site. We also demonstrate that this detection method is especially useful for genome editing in wheat, because target sites are often surrounded by single nucleotide polymorphisms. Using this screening method, we were also able to detect foreign DNA-free tagw2 mutations induced by purified TALEN protein. Finally, we show that partial base editing mutations can also be detected using high-fidelity SpCas9 variants or FnCpf1. The PCR/RNP method is low-cost and widely applicable for rapid detection of genome-edited mutation in plants.
|
['CRISPR-Associated Protein 9', 'CRISPR-Cas Systems', 'DNA, Plant', 'Gene Editing', 'Genotyping Techniques', 'Mutation', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Ribonucleoproteins', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Triticum']
| 29,723,918
|
[['D08.811.277.352.355.325.150', 'D12.776.097.219', 'D12.776.212.500'], ['G05.308.203.374.394'], ['D13.444.308.435'], ['E05.393.420.270'], ['E05.393.442'], ['G05.365.590'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['D12.776.157.725.500', 'D12.776.664.962.500'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.918']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Studies on isolation and identification of flavonoids in herbs of Agrimonia pilosa].
|
OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in Agrimonia pilosa.METHOD: The compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic methods and elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.RESULT: Nine flavonoids were obtained and identified as tiliroside (1), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhampyranoside (2), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhampyranoside (3), quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol (6), apigenin (7), luteolin (8), quercetin (9).CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-3, 5, 6 and 8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
|
['Agrimonia', 'Drugs, Chinese Herbal', 'Flavonoids']
| 19,294,852
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.033'], ['D20.215.784.500.350', 'D26.335'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Reversible switching of the sol-gel transition with ultrasound in rhodium(I) and iridium(I) coordination networks.
|
Reversible coordination networks were prepared by combining diphenylphosphinite telechelic polytetrahydrofuran (2) with [RhCl(COD)]2 or [IrCl(COD)]2 in chloroform. Both systems resulted in stable gels at concentrations above 50 and 30 g/L for the rhodium(I) and iridium(I) networks, respectively. The rheological properties of the two coordination networks (100 g/L) were determined with oscillatory shear experiments, which showed that the elastic moduli are constant over a wide frequency range, indicating gel-like behavior; the iridium(I) gel has an elastic modulus distinctly higher (2.8x10(3) Pa) than that of the rhodium(I) gel (1.0x10(3) Pa). Ultrasonication of the rhodium(I) gel caused liquefaction after 3 min; regelation occurred 1 min after sonication was stopped. The iridium(I) gel was also liquefied after 3 min of sonication, but regelation took 1.5 h at room temperature and more than 10 days at -20 degrees C. 31P NMR measurements on model complexes showed that the large differences in gelation times are in agreement with the ligand exchange kinetics of the rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes. We propose that sonication of the gels results in ligand exchange, which changes the network topology without changing the coordination chemistry. Upon sonication, the fraction of metal centers in active cross-links decreases and thereby reduces the gel fraction to zero. The system is not at equilibrium, and upon standing the gel fraction increases at a rate that is determined by the exchange kinetics of the metal complex. The observed effects offer opportunities to use ultrasound in the activation of dormant transition metal catalysts.
|
['Furans', 'Gels', 'Iridium', 'Ligands', 'Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Molecular Structure', 'Organometallic Compounds', 'Phase Transition', 'Phosphorus Isotopes', 'Reference Standards', 'Rheology', 'Rhodium']
| 17,269,773
|
[['D03.383.312'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D01.268.556.401', 'D01.268.956.280', 'D01.552.544.401'], ['D27.720.470.480'], ['E05.196.867.519'], ['G02.111.570', 'G02.466'], ['D02.691'], ['G01.645', 'G02.734'], ['D01.268.666.500', 'D01.496.669'], ['E05.978.808'], ['E05.830', 'H01.671.808'], ['D01.268.556.793', 'D01.268.956.781', 'D01.552.544.793']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infections, Chicago Pediatric Hospital.
|
Invasive and skin community-associated (CA)-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from children were matched with invasive CA-methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains during 2000-2004. Isolates were analyzed for presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin. A USA400 lineage clone (n = 6) and the predominant USA300 lineage clone emerged.
|
['Adolescent', 'Chicago', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Community-Acquired Infections', 'Hospitals, Pediatric', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Methicillin Resistance', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus']
| 17,479,900
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.350.200', 'Z01.107.567.875.510.350.200', 'Z01.433.305'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C01.234'], ['N02.278.421.556.437'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['G06.099.225.500.600.525', 'G06.225.347.500.600.525', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347.500.600.525'], ['C01.150.252.410.868'], ['B03.300.390.400.800.750.100', 'B03.353.500.750.750.100', 'B03.510.100.750.750.100', 'B03.510.400.790.750.100']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Evaluation of the efficacy of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in the screening of newborns with metabolic disorder admitted to the NICU.
|
BACKGROUND: Neonate patients with metabolic disorder show encephalopathy and seizures that may lead to morbidity and mortality. Thus rapid detection and treatment of these patients is necessary. Although Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) has been used for more than a decade in the evaluation of infants with encephalopathy but has not been used in the assessment of neonates suffering from metabolic disorders. In this study, we tried to determine the efficacy of aEEG as an easily available diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of neonates with metabolic diseases.METHODS: All cases which admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Children's Medical Center during a one-year period were enrolled. aEEG recordings were obtained by installing 4 electrodes on the infant's head by a trained nurse and aEEG was recorded for at least 24 h with a description of the whole tracing. Clinical information, final outcome and questionnaires, including patient information: symptoms of the disease, gender, age, duration of hospitalization and the type of the metabolic disease were recorded in details. The obtained data was analyzed with the Spss24 software.RESULTS: Only 3 (two girl and one boy) out of 29 aEEGs recordings were abnormal; other patients showed normal aEEGs. The most common clinical and neurological manifestations were seizure (34.5%), hypotonia (31%), and mortality rate was 10.3%. There was no significant correlation between aEEG findings and gender, age, type of disease, laboratory tests findings and positive family history.CONCLUSIONS: Although it has been shown that EEG has a diagnostic value in metabolic diseases, there has been no study on the efficacy of aEEG to evaluate neonates with metabolic diseases. But good accessibility and easy of working with aEEG, promote a tendency to use this procedure as screening tool for metabolic diseases. The current study about aEEG monitoring in these patients, while limited, can be used as a pilot study for further research on this topic. Therefore, a correct judgment in this field requires administration of aEEG on a larger population of neonates with metabolic diseases.
|
['Early Diagnosis', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intensive Care Units, Neonatal', 'Male', 'Metabolic Diseases', 'Muscle Hypotonia', 'Pilot Projects', 'Seizures', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 30,236,069
|
[['E01.390'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['N02.278.388.493.390.380'], ['C18.452'], ['C10.597.613.575', 'C23.888.592.608.575'], ['E05.318.372.750', 'E05.337.737', 'N05.715.360.330.720', 'N06.850.520.450.720'], ['C10.597.742', 'C23.888.592.742'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The effect of various sympathomimetics on the regional circulations in hyperdynamic sepsis.
|
Because sepsis is characterized by a depression in vascular reactivity, we hypothesized that changes in organ blood flows (Q) would differ between the nonseptic and septic state during the infusion of sympathomimetics. Therefore we examined the (sepsis x organ Q) interaction during the infusion of five sympathomimetics in 36 mature, awake sheep before and after cecal ligation and perforation produced hyperdynamic sepsis. A 3-hour infusion of dobutamine, norepinephrine, dopamine, dopexamine, or salbutamol was compared with that of placebo during both nonseptic and septic studies; drug infusion was titrated to an increase in cardiac index of greater than 20%. Increased plateau infusion doses of norepinephrine (+305%), salbutamol (+275%), dopamine (+70%), and dobutamine (+49%) were required to achieve predefined treatment guidelines during the septic versus nonseptic study. Few differences in the regional effects of individual sympathomimetics were found in the nonseptic study, although infusion of sympathomimetics was accompanied by a redistribution of systemic Q toward the heart and away from the brain, kidney, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. In the septic study, however, the sympathomimetic infusions were not accompanied by the redistribution of Q away from small intestine and liver that was demonstrated in the nonseptic study. Therefore (1) the depressed vascular reactivity in hyperdynamic sepsis altered the dose profile of exogenous sympathomimetics required to augment systemic Q, and (2) the (sepsis x sympathomimetic) interaction was characterized by a depression in the anticipated redistribution of organ Q from "nonvital" to "vital" circulations.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Availability', 'Blood Circulation', 'Cardiac Output', 'Cecum', 'Hemodynamics', 'Infections', 'Ligation', 'Male', 'Oxygen', 'Punctures', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Sympathomimetics']
| 1,519,172
|
[['B01.050'], ['G03.787.151', 'G07.690.725.129'], ['G09.330.100'], ['E01.370.370.380.150', 'G09.330.380.124'], ['A03.556.124.526.209', 'A03.556.249.249.209'], ['G09.330.380'], ['C01'], ['E04.426'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['E02.800', 'E04.665'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.870']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differentiation of Schwann‑like cells from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.
|
The use of artificial nerves for the repair of peripheral nerve defects is restricted by the limited sources of Schwann cells (SCs). Human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‑derived Schwann‑like cells are considered an alternative and desirable cell source. The aim of the present study was to establish a method of inducing directional differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) MSCs into Schwann‑like cells. Cells isolated from hUCB were cultured in MesenCult complete medium, a specialized culture medium for MSCs, to expand hUCBMSCs. hUCBMSCs were purified by repeated changing of the medium, and they were identified by detection of the specific cell surface markers for MSCs. For differentiation of Schwann‑like cells from hUCBMSCs, the purified cells were sequentially cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with various additives. Differentiated Schwann‑like cells were identified by the detection of SC‑specific markers, including S100b, glial fibrillary acidic protein and P75, by immunocytochemisty, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the majority of the differentiated cells presented classical dipolar and fusiform SC morphology. Notably, a large proportion of these cells expressed the three SC markers. These results suggest that hUCBMSCs can undergo directional differentiation into Schwann‑like cells in vitro and may be an important source of SCs for the treatment of peripheral nerve defects with tissue‑engineered artificial nerves.
|
['Adipocytes', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Fetal Blood', 'Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein', 'Humans', 'Mesenchymal Stem Cells', 'Osteocytes', 'Osteogenesis', 'S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit', 'Schwann Cells']
| 25,369,806
|
[['A11.329.114'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251'], ['A12.207.152.200', 'A15.145.300', 'A16.378.200'], ['D05.750.078.593.400', 'D12.776.220.475.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.329.830.500', 'A11.872.590.500'], ['A11.329.629.500'], ['G07.345.500.325.377.625.050.500.729', 'G11.427.578.050.500.729'], ['D12.776.157.125.750.625', 'D12.776.631.655.750'], ['A08.637.800', 'A08.800.800.690', 'A11.650.800']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Amyloid beta-peptide(1-42) and hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity are mediated by TRPM2 in rat primary striatal cultures.
|
Amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) is the main component of senile plaques which characterize Alzheimer's disease and may induce neuronal death through mechanisms which include oxidative stress. To date, the signalling pathways linking oxidant stress, a component of several neurodegenerative diseases, to cell death in the CNS are poorly understood. Melastatin-like transient receptor potential 2 (TRPM2) is a Ca(2+)-permeant non-selective cation channel, which responds to increases in oxidative stress levels in the cell and is activated by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide. We demonstrate here that Abeta and hydrogen peroxide both induce death in cultured rat striatal cells which express TRPM2 endogenously. Transfection with a splice variant that acts as a dominant negative blocker of TRPM2 function (TRPM2-S) inhibited both hydrogen peroxide- and Abeta-induced increases in intracellular-free Ca(2+) and cell death. Functional inhibition of TRPM2 activation by the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor SB-750139, a modulator of intracellular pathways activating TRPM2, attenuated hydrogen peroxide- and Abeta-induced cell death. Furthermore, a small interfering RNA which targets TRPM2, reduced TRPM2 mRNA levels and the toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide and Abeta. These data demonstrate that activation of TRPM2, functionally expressed in primary cultures of rat striatum, contributes to Abeta- and oxidative stress-induced striatal cell death.
|
['Alzheimer Disease', 'Amyloid beta-Peptides', 'Animals', 'Calcium', 'Cell Death', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Clusterin', 'Corpus Striatum', 'Hydrogen Peroxide', 'Neurons', 'Oxidants', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Peptide Fragments', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley']
| 16,104,849
|
[['C10.228.140.380.100', 'C10.574.945.249', 'F03.615.400.100'], ['D12.644.024', 'D12.776.049.407.249.500', 'D12.776.543.039.500'], ['B01.050'], ['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['G04.146'], ['A11.251'], ['D12.776.395.207', 'D12.776.580.215'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.249.487'], ['D01.248.497.158.685.750.424', 'D01.339.431.374.424', 'D01.650.550.750.400', 'D02.389.338.253'], ['A08.675', 'A11.671'], ['D27.720.642', 'D27.888.569.540'], ['G03.673', 'G07.775.750'], ['D12.644.541'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
MicroRNA-19a and microRNA-19b promote the malignancy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma through targeting the tumor suppressor RhoB.
|
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, which shows high aggressiveness and lacks biomarkers. RhoB acts as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the progression of ccRCC. In the present study, we examined the effects of oncogenic microRNAs, miR-19a and miR-19b, on RhoB expression in ccRCC cells. The results showed that both miR-19a and miR-19b could directly target the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of RhoB, resulting in the reduced expression of RhoB. With RT-PCR analysis, we detected the increased expression of miR-19a and miR-19b in ccRCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor renal tissues. These data also demonstrated an exclusive negative correlation between miR-19a/19b and RhoB expression in ccRCC specimens and cell lines. In addition, the knockdown of RhoB or overexpression of miR-19a and miR-19b in ccRCC cells could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. These data demonstrate the direct roles of miR-19a and miR-19b on the repression of RhoB and its consequences on tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness. These results suggest the potential clinical impact of miR-19a and miR-19b as molecular targets for ccRCC.
|
["3' Untranslated Regions", 'Apoptosis', 'Carcinoma, Renal Cell', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Humans', 'Kidney Neoplasms', 'MicroRNAs', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Neoplasm Metastasis', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'rhoB GTP-Binding Protein']
| 29,474,434
|
[['D13.444.735.544.875.880', 'D13.444.735.790.878.880', 'G05.360.340.024.220.880.880', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.910.880'], ['G04.146.954.035'], ['C04.557.470.200.025.390', 'C04.588.945.947.535.160', 'C12.758.820.750.160', 'C12.777.419.473.160', 'C13.351.937.820.535.160', 'C13.351.968.419.473.160'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['G04.161.750', 'G07.345.249.410.750'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.588.945.947.535', 'C12.758.820.750', 'C12.777.419.473', 'C13.351.937.820.535', 'C13.351.968.419.473'], ['D13.150.650.319', 'D13.444.735.150.319', 'D13.444.735.790.552.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.697.645', 'C23.550.727.645'], ['C04.697.650', 'C23.550.727.650'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['D08.811.277.040.330.300.400.700.300', 'D12.644.360.525.700.300', 'D12.776.157.325.515.700.300', 'D12.776.476.525.700.300']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Deep learning-based color holographic microscopy.
|
We report a framework based on a generative adversarial network that performs high-fidelity color image reconstruction using a single hologram of a sample that is illuminated simultaneously by light at three different wavelengths. The trained network learns to eliminate missing-phase-related artifacts, and generates an accurate color transformation for the reconstructed image. Our framework is experimentally demonstrated using lung and prostate tissue sections that are labeled with different histological stains. This framework is envisaged to be applicable to point-of-care histopathology and presents a significant improvement in the throughput of coherent microscopy systems given that only a single hologram of the specimen is required for accurate color imaging.
|
['Color', 'Deep Learning', 'Holography', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Male', 'Microscopy', 'Prostate']
| 31,309,728
|
[['G01.590.540.199'], ['G17.035.250.500.250', 'G17.485.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.250', 'L01.224.050.375.605.500'], ['E01.370.350.400.500', 'E01.370.350.600.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['A05.360.444.575', 'A10.336.707']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of L-proline on swimming parameters of Daphnia magna subjected to heat stress.
|
L-proline (L-PROL) is an essential amino acid, a constituent of many proteins and the osmoprotective molecule produced and accumulated in higher plants and some freshwater microalgae in response to various environmental stressors. Knowledge on thermoprotective effects of this amino acid on freshwater invertebrates is very scarce. Therefore the aim of our study was to determine the effect of L-PROL at concentrations: 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L and 50 mg/L on swimming behavior (immobilization, swimming track density, swimming speed, turning ability) of Daphnia magna subjected to temperatures: 22 °C, 35 °C and 38 °C. We found that L-PROL elevated all the measured swimming parameters at 22 °C when compared to the untreated crustaceans. Furthermore, L-PROL alleviated heat-induced inhibition of these parameters in the experimental animals subjected to 35 °C. The results suggest that L-PROL stimulates swimming performance and alleviates alterations of swimming parameters induced by heat stress in D. magna. Moreover, these findings may support the hypothesis that in natural conditions, L-PROL may protect crustaceans against thermal stress.
|
['Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Daphnia', 'Female', 'Heat-Shock Response', 'Proline', 'Swimming']
| 31,466,748
|
[['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.150.200'], ['G07.775.500'], ['D12.125.072.401.623'], ['G11.427.410.568.800', 'G11.427.410.698.277.875', 'I03.350.875', 'I03.450.642.845.945.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Regulatory mechanism for expression of IL1B receptors in the uterine endometrium and effects of IL1B on prostaglandin synthetic enzymes during the implantation period in pigs.
|
During the implantation period, the porcine conceptus secretes interleukin-1beta (IL1B) that may be involved in the establishment of pregnancy in pigs. However, the regulatory mechanism for IL1B receptor expression and the function of IL1B in the uterine endometrium are not well elucidated. In this study, we determined IL1B receptor expression in the uterine endometrium of pigs during pregnancy. IL1B receptor subtypes, IL1 receptor type I (IL1R1) and IL1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) were expressed in the uterine endometrium with the expression being most abundant on Day 12 of pregnancy primarily in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells. Expression of IL1R1 mRNA increased in response to IL1B in a dose-dependent manner, and expression of IL1RAP mRNA increased in response to both IL1B and estradiol, indicating that expression of endometrial IL1B receptors was regulated cooperatively by IL1B and estrogen of conceptus origin. During the peri-implantation period, the porcine uterine endometrium actively synthesizes and secretes prostaglandins (PGs). IL1B increased expression of PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes that are rate-limiting for PG synthesis in the uterine endometrium. Collectively, the results indicated that IL1B regulates expression of IL1R1 and IL1RAP and stimulates expression of PTGS1 and PTGS2 that are considered to be the most rate-limiting enzymes for endometrial synthesis of PGs during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy in pigs.
|
['Animals', 'Embryo Implantation', 'Endometrium', 'Estradiol', 'Estrous Cycle', 'Female', 'Interferon-gamma', 'Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Pregnancy', 'Progesterone', 'Prostaglandins', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type I', 'Swine']
| 22,572,995
|
[['B01.050'], ['G08.686.784.170.104.500'], ['A05.360.319.679.490'], ['D04.210.500.365.415.248', 'D06.472.334.851.437.500'], ['G08.686.195'], ['D12.644.276.374.440.893', 'D12.644.276.374.480.615.350', 'D12.776.467.374.440.893', 'D12.776.467.374.480.615.350', 'D23.529.374.440.893', 'D23.529.374.480.615.350'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.249'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.010.600', 'D12.644.276.374.500.400.600', 'D12.776.467.374.465.010.600', 'D12.776.467.374.500.400.600', 'D23.529.374.465.131.600', 'D23.529.374.500.400.600'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.829', 'D06.472.334.734.623', 'D06.472.334.851.687.750'], ['D10.251.355.255.550', 'D23.469.050.175.725'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.852.420.300.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Characterization of three corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in catfish: a novel third receptor is predominantly expressed in pituitary and urophysis.
|
The present study reports the isolation of three complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding distinct subtypes of CRF receptors from the diploid catfish (cf) species, Ameiurus nebulosus. The first clone encodes a 446-amino acid protein (cfCRF-R1) that is highly homologous to mouse (m) CRF-R1 (93% identical). The cfCRF-R1 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the brain, and its distribution pattern correlates well with that of mammalian CRF-R1, except for weak expression in the pituitary. When transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, cfCRF-R1 bound CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine with similar affinities. The second full-length cDNA, which was cloned from catfish heart, encodes a 406-amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF-R2 (88%) and when expressed in COS-7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine. The highest level of cfCRF-R2 expression was observed in the heart. The third full-length cDNA clone, which encodes a 428-amino acid protein, is structurally closer to cfCRF-R1 (85%) than to cfCRF-R2 (80%). This novel CRF receptor (cfCRF-R3) bound CRF with a 5-fold higher affinity than urotensin I and sauvagine and was expressed in the pituitary gland, urophysis, and brain. The presence of three different CRF receptors, each with distinct tissue distribution and ligand binding properties, suggests a complex CRF/urotensin I system.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'COS Cells', 'Catfishes', 'Chlorocebus aethiops', 'Cloning, Molecular', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Glycosylation', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Organ Specificity', 'Phylogeny', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Sequence Alignment', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Transfection', 'Xenopus']
| 11,145,609
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A11.251.210.172.500', 'A11.329.228.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.080'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.199.120.126.110'], ['E05.393.220'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['G02.111.158.812', 'G02.607.299', 'G03.191.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['G07.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.180', 'D12.776.543.750.720.600.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.555.290', 'D12.776.543.750.750.700.150'], ['E05.393.751'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['B01.050.150.900.090.180.610.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Isolation and function of human and pig islets.
|
This report confirms reproducible methods to isolate and assess viability and function of pig and human islets. We processed 10 pig and five human pancreata. The pancreata were digested by a modification of Ricordi's automated method for islet isolation. The number of islet equivalents (150 microns diameter islets) was 335,190 +/- 79,345 islets per pig pancreas (5,146 +/- 1,274 islets/g pig pancreas) and 323,630 +/- 147,810 per human pancreas (6,252 +/- 2,572 islets/g human pancreas). The majority of islets were in the range of 50-200 microns diameter, and 20% of the islet population had a size distribution of 200 microns diameter in both porcine and human models. The purity of the final preparations exceeded 90%. The secretory response of perifused islets showed a biphasic insulin release pattern in both species. Perifused fresh pig islets released 2.5 pmol/L islet-1 min-1 at 2.0 mM glucose and 6.2 pmol/L islet-1 min-1 at 16.7 mM glucose. After 7 days culture at 37 degrees C, human islets released 1.32 pmol/L islet-1 min-1 at 2.0 mM and 12.24 pmol/L islet-1 min-1 at 16.7 mM. These results indicate that this procedure is useful to obtain pure, large, and functional islets from pig and human pancreata.
|
['Adult', 'Animals', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Swine']
| 8,190,716
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.481'], ['A03.734.414', 'A06.300.414'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Basic studies in intra-arterial chemotherapy with degradable starch microspheres (DSM) on human gastric cancer xenografts in nude rats].
|
Enhancement of the antitumor effect of adriamycin (ADR) was investigated by using degradable starch microspheres (DSM) and pharmacokinetics of ADR in combination with DSM. An intra-arterial chemotherapy model of the nude rats transplanted of human cancer xenografts (H-154 gastric cancer) in the lower limbs was used for this study. Drug was administered through a catheter inserted into the carotid artery with the tip in the common iliac artery. DSM 30 mg/kg, which causes temporary arrest of blood flow in the tumor, had an only weak effect on tumor growth, whereas. DSM 30 mg/kg, mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg solution, was more effective than ADR solution. Furthermore, DSM 30 mg/kg mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg had a greater effect on the tumor growth than DSM 15 mg/kg mixed with ADR 3 mg/kg. In the pharmacological study, increase of the regional uptake of ADR and decrease of systemic distribution of ADR were recognized in some degree. It seems that embolization by DSM, retention of ADR in regional tissues and cytotoxic effect of ADR contributed to such a strong effect of ADR mixed with DSM on tumor growth.
|
['Animals', 'Doxorubicin', 'Embolization, Therapeutic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intra-Arterial', 'Male', 'Microspheres', 'Neoplasm Transplantation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Nude', 'Starch', 'Stomach Neoplasms', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']
| 3,415,262
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.562.050.200.175', 'D04.615.562.050.200.175', 'D09.408.051.059.200.175'], ['E02.520.360', 'E02.926.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.510.520'], ['E07.565'], ['E05.624'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.550.508'], ['D05.750.078.562.855', 'D09.301.915', 'D09.698.365.855'], ['C04.588.274.476.767', 'C06.301.371.767', 'C06.405.249.767', 'C06.405.748.789'], ['E04.936.764']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR).
|
This study focuses on comparing the performance of submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR) over a period of 20 days at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.1h. The effects of PAC on critical flux and membrane fouling were also investigated. The SMABR exhibited better results in terms of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) growth, DOC removal (over 96%), COD removal (over 95%), transmembrane pressure (TMP) and oxygen uptake rate. Nearly 100% of bacteria and 100% of total coliforms were removed in both systems. The addition of PAC could maintain the critical flux at a lower TMP value (7.5 kPa), while irreversible fouling caused by PAC occurred when the filtration flux exceeded critical flux.
|
['Adsorption', 'Bioreactors', 'Enterobacteriaceae', 'Oxygen', 'Waste Disposal, Fluid']
| 17,499,503
|
[['G01.030', 'G02.020'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['D01.268.185.550', 'D01.362.670'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.890', 'N06.850.860.510.900.600.900']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Schisandrin B inhibits TGF-â1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human A549 cells through epigenetic silencing of ZEB1.
|
Purpose/Aim: More and more evidences suggest that airway remodeling of fibrotic lung diseases may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human A549 cells induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-â1. Schisandrin B (Sch B) is the highest content of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in Schisandra chinensis. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory influences of Sch B on TGF-â1-stimulated EMT in human A549 cells. Materials and Methods: The influences of Sch B on cell viability, invasion and metastasis in TGF-â1-induced human A549 cells were detected by MTT, wound healing and transwell invasion assays. The expression levels of á-SMA, E-cadherin, ZEB1 and Twist1 were examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K9me3 at the ZEB1 promoter was determined by ChIP analysis. Results: Experimental results showed that Sch B increased the expression of the epithelial phenotype marker E-cadherin and inhibited the expression of the mesenchymal phenotype marker á-SMA during EMT induced by TGF-â1. The enhancement in invasion and migration of TGF-â1-induced A549 cells was inhibited by Sch B. Sch B also repressed the expression of ZEB1 transcription factor in EMT, by increasing the enrichment of H3K9me3 at the ZEB1 promoter to repress its transcription while the expression of the Twist1 transcription factor was unaffected. Conclusions: Our data suggest that Sch B can prevent TGF-â1-stimulated EMT in A549 cells through epigenetic silencing of ZEB1, which may be clinically related to the efficient treatment of EMT-associated fibrotic diseases.
|
['A549 Cells', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Cyclooctanes', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Epigenesis, Genetic', 'Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition', 'Humans', 'Lignans', 'Phytotherapy', 'Polycyclic Compounds', 'Pulmonary Fibrosis', 'Schisandra', 'Transforming Growth Factor beta1', 'Zinc Finger E-box-Binding Homeobox 1']
| 31,268,360
|
[['A11.251.210.190.080', 'A11.251.860.180.080', 'A11.436.054'], ['D27.505.954.248'], ['D02.455.426.392.368.408'], ['E05.290.750', 'E05.337.550'], ['G05.308.203'], ['G04.356.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.140.450'], ['E02.190.755'], ['D04'], ['C08.381.765'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.103.500.750'], ['D12.644.276.374.687.100', 'D12.644.276.954.775.100', 'D12.776.467.374.687.100', 'D12.776.467.942.775.100', 'D23.529.374.687.100', 'D23.529.942.775.100'], ['D12.776.260.400.906', 'D12.776.260.703.800', 'D12.776.930.780.945']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A prospective study of treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections and risk factors associated with outcome.
|
BACKGROUND: To describe the clinical and microbiological data of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections, the treatment used, hospital- and infection-related mortality, and risk factors for death.METHODS: A prospective cohort conducted from March 2011 to December 2012. Clinical, demographic, and microbiological data such as in vitro sensitivity, clonality, carbapenemase gene mortality related to infection, and overall mortality were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.0 (CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA) and SPSS (Chicago, IL, USA).RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-seven patients were evaluated. Pneumonia, 52 (42 %), and urinary tract infections (UTI), 51 (40.2 %), were the most frequent sites of infection. The isolates were polyclonal; the Bla KPC gene was found in 75.6 % of isolates, and 27 % of isolates were resistant to colistin. Mortality related to infection was 34.6 %, and was higher among patients with pneumonia (61.4 %). Combination therapy was used in 98 (77.2 %), and monotherapy in 22.8 %; 96.5 % of them were UTI patients. Shock, age, and dialysis were independent risk factors for death. There was no difference in infection-related death comparing colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant infections (p = 0.46); neither in survival rate comparing the use of combination therapy with two drugs or more than two drugs (p = 0.32).CONCLUSIONS: CRE infection mortality was higher among patients with pneumonia. Infections caused by colistin-resistant isolates did not increase mortality. The use of more than two drugs on combination therapy did not show a protective effect on outcome. The isolates were polyclonal, and the bla KPC gene was the only carbapenemase found. Shock, dialysis, and age over 60 years were independent risk factors for death.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Bacterial Proteins', 'Carbapenems', 'Cohort Studies', 'Colistin', 'Drug Resistance, Bacterial', 'Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field', 'Enterobacteriaceae', 'Enterobacteriaceae Infections', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Middle Aged', 'Pneumonia', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Prospective Studies', 'Renal Dialysis', 'Risk Factors', 'Shock, Septic', 'Urinary Tract Infections', 'beta-Lactamases']
| 27,809,803
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['D12.776.097'], ['D02.065.589.099.124', 'D03.633.100.300.124'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['D04.345.566.780.110', 'D10.477.750.110', 'D12.644.050.600.110', 'D12.644.641.780.110', 'D12.776.543.695.054.600.110'], ['G06.099.225', 'G06.225.347', 'G07.690.773.984.269.347'], ['E05.196.401.220', 'E05.301.300.220'], ['B03.440.450.425', 'B03.660.250.150'], ['C01.150.252.400.310'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C01.748.610', 'C08.381.677', 'C08.730.610'], ['E05.393.620.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E02.870.300', 'E02.912.800'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['C01.915', 'C12.777.892', 'C13.351.968.892'], ['D08.811.277.087.180']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Developmental toxicity study of inhaled acrylic acid in New Zealand White rabbits.
|
In range-finding and definitive developmental toxicity studies, timed pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to acrylic acid (CAS No. 79-10-7) vapour for 13 consecutive days during pregnancy. In the range-finding study, eight pregnant does/group were exposed to 30, 60, 125 or 250 ppm acrylic acid vapour on gestation days (gd) 10-22 of pregnancy. Monitors of toxicity included body weight measurements, daily food consumption measurements and clinical observations. Three of the eight does/group were killed on the day following the last exposure (gd 23), and the remaining does were killed and autopsied on gd 29. At autopsy, special attention was given to gross observation of maternal nasal turbinates, and nasal turbinates from all does were evaluated histologically. No evaluation of foetuses was performed in the range-finding study. In the definitive study, 16 does/group were exposed to concentrations of 25, 75 or 225 ppm acrylic acid vapour from gd 6 to 18, the major period of organogenesis. Monitors of maternal toxicity included clinical observations and measurements of body weight and daily food consumption measurements. Does were killed and autopsied on gd 29. Maternal liver and kidney weights were measured and external, visceral and skeletal evaluations of foetuses were conducted. Maternal nasal turbinates were not evaluated histologically in the definitive study. Effects in does from both studies included consistent concentration-related reductions in food consumption and body weight gains throughout the exposure period at concentrations of acrylic acid vapour above 60 ppm. Characteristic clinical signs of sensory irritation, including perinasal and perioral wetness and severe nasal congestion, were noted in does from both studies at or above vapour concentrations of 75 ppm. Gross observation of nasal turbinates immediately following exposures in the range-finding study indicated colour changes in the nasal turbinates of does in the 60 and 250 ppm groups. Colour changes in the nasal turbinates were noted in one doe from the 250 ppm exposure group killed on gd 29. Pertinent autopsy findings in the does from the definitive study included ulceration of the nasal turbinates of a single doe in the 225 ppm group. Histological evaluation of turbinates from does killed the day following exposures in the range-finding study revealed lesions in the nasal epithelium in all acrylic acid-exposed groups. The severity of the lesions was concentration related. Microscopic evaluation of turbinates from does killed on gd 29 showed the presence of nasal lesions in the 60, 125 and 250 ppm groups. However, the nasal tissues had recovered considerably during the post-exposure interval. Despite the severe effects on the nasal mucosa of does in both studies, there was no evidence of developmental toxicity including teratogenicity at any exposure concentration used in the definitive study.
|
['Abnormalities, Drug-Induced', 'Acrylates', 'Administration, Inhalation', 'Animals', 'Body Weight', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Eating', 'Female', 'Fetus', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Rabbits']
| 9,409,627
|
[['C16.131.042'], ['D02.241.081.069'], ['E02.319.267.050'], ['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['G07.203.650.283', 'G10.261.330'], ['A16.378'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Detection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to platelet membrane proteins.
|
We have devised a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against platelet surface antigens. Platelet membrane proteins, solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, were covalently coupled to cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated filter paper disks that were than used as the support in antibody binding assays. SDS PAGE of solubilized membrane proteins taken immediately before and after incubation with activated disks indicated that representative amounts of each membrane protein were bound to the disks. Either monoclonal or heterologous anti-platelet antibody could be detected on disks that had been prepared using as little as 50 micrograms of membrane protein per 100 disks. For the detection of antibody, disks were incubated with test sera for 2 h, washed, and incubated with 125I-labeled anti-immunoglobulin G, and the amount of bound radioactivity was determined. The sensitivity of the disk assay in detecting monoclonal antibodies was far greater than that of a corresponding radioimmunoassay that used whole platelets as the solid phase. By linking other proteins such as fibrinogen or anti-mouse subclass specific antisera to CNBr-activated disks, the method was adapted for antibody characterization. The sensitivity and ease with which the assay can be performed make this technique most suitable for screening and characterizing monoclonal antibodies.
|
['Antibodies', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Blood Platelets', 'Cyanogen Bromide', 'Filtration', 'Humans', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Octoxynol', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Radioimmunoassay']
| 6,788,781
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D01.139.300.050.100', 'D01.625.175'], ['E05.196.454', 'G01.280', 'G02.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.543'], ['D02.033.455.250.700.660', 'D05.750.741.610', 'D25.720.741.610', 'J01.637.051.720.741.610'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Report of the Conference on Low Blood Cholesterol: Mortality Associations.
|
BACKGROUND: A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Conference was held October 9-10, 1990, to review and discuss existing data on U-shaped relations found between mortality rates and blood total cholesterol levels (TC) in some but not other studies. Presentations were given from 19 cohort studies from the United States, Europe, Israel, and Japan. A representative of each study presented its findings and also submitted tables of proportional hazards regression coefficients for entry TC levels in regard to death, and these were incorporated into a formal statistical overview adjusted for age, diastolic blood pressure, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and alcohol intake, as available.METHODS AND RESULTS: The U-shape for total mortality in men and the flat relation in women resulted largely from a positive relation of TC with coronary heart disease death and an inverse relation with deaths caused by some cancers (e.g., lung but not colon), respiratory disease, digestive disease, trauma, and residual deaths. Risk for combined noncardiovascular, noncancer causes of death decreased steadily across the range of TC. The conference considered possible explanations for the statistical associations found between low TC levels or active TC lowering and certain causes of death. One is that TC is lowered by some disease conditions themselves, such as wasting in chronic pulmonary disease or reduced production and secretion of cholesterol-bearing lipoproteins with liver disease. In this sort of situation, the TC:mortality association found in observational studies may be due to preexisting disease. This was addressed by excluding early deaths from the analysis, which did not change the results. The conference considered as well the biological function of cholesterol, which, if seriously deranged, might hypothetically cause a wide variety of diseases and dysfunction. The conference also considered the biological functions that might provide plausible mechanisms for the associations found.CONCLUSIONS: Definitive interpretation of the associations observed was not possible, although most participants considered it likely that many of the statistical associations of low or lowered TC level are explainable by confounding in one form or another. The conference focused on the apparent existence and nature of these associations and on the need to understand their source rather than on any pertinence of the findings for public health policy. Further research is recommended to explain the observed associations of low TC levels (and TC lowering) with certain noncardiovascular diseases. This includes studies of the time course of TC change in disease, the relation of TC to morbidity, further studies of possible epidemiological confounding, monitoring of population trends in TC and mortality, further studies of the relations in women, auditing of noncardiovascular events in trials, studies of cell membrane, genetic and molecular links to cholesterol metabolism, TC level and disease, studies of disease manifestations in specific lipid disorders, and further study of the proposed causal mechanisms linking low TC and hemorrhagic stroke.
|
['Alcohol Drinking', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Cholesterol', 'Clinical Trials as Topic', 'Cohort Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Male', 'Mortality', 'Neoplasms', 'Nutritional Physiological Phenomena', 'Risk Factors', 'Sex Characteristics', 'Smoking']
| 1,355,411
|
[['F01.145.317.269'], ['C14'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['E05.318.372.250.250', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.550', 'N01.224.935.698', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550'], ['C04'], ['G07.203.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G08.686.815'], ['F01.145.805']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Neural correlates of anxiety sensitivity during masked presentation of affective faces.
|
BACKGROUND: Anxiety Sensitivity (AS), the tendency to fear the thoughts, symptoms, and social consequences associated with the experience of anxiety, is associated with increased risk for developing anxiety disorders. Some evidence suggests that higher scores on the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), a measure of the AS construct, are associated with activation of the anterior insular cortex during overt emotion perception. Although the ASI provides subscale scores measuring Physical, Mental Incapacitation, and Social Concerns of AS, no study has examined the relationship between these factors and regional brain activation during affect processing. We hypothesized that insular responses to fear-related stimuli would be primarily related to the Physical Concerns subscale of the ASI, particularly for a sample of subjects with specific phobias.METHODS: Adult healthy controls (HC; n = 22) and individuals with specific phobia, small animal subtype (SAP; n = 17), completed the ASI and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while engaged in a backward-masked affect perception task that presents emotional facial stimuli below the threshold of conscious perception.RESULTS: Groups did not differ in ASI, state or trait anxiety scores, or insula activation. Total ASI scores were positively correlated with activation in the right middle/anterior insula for the combined sample and for the HC and SAP groups separately. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relationship between AS and insular activation was primarily accounted for by Physical Concerns only.CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the hypothesized role of the right anterior insula in the visceral/interoceptive aspects of AS, even in response to masked affective stimuli.
|
['Adult', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Emotions', 'Facial Expression', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Image Processing, Computer-Assisted', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Perceptual Masking', 'Personality Inventory']
| 21,308,886
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.080'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['F02.830.297', 'G11.561.225'], ['F01.470'], ['E01.370.600.225', 'F01.145.209.530.385'], ['F01.470.361'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.224.308'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.593.524.500', 'F02.463.593.932.622'], ['F02.463.593.071.594', 'F02.463.593.932.733', 'G07.888.125.594'], ['F04.711.647.513']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
A self-biased neutron detector based on an SiC semiconductor for a harsh environment.
|
Neutron detector based on radiation-hard semiconductor materials like SiC, diamond and AlN has recently emerged as an attractive device for an in-core reactor neutron flux monitoring, a spent fuel characterization, and a home land security application. For the purpose of field measurement activity, a radiation detector having a low-power consumption, a mechanical stability and a radiation hardness is required. Our research was focused on the development of a radiation-resistive neutron semiconductor detector based on a wide band-gap SiC semiconductor. And also it will be operated at a zero-biased voltage using a strong internal electric field. The charge collection efficiency (CCE) was over 80% when the biased voltage was zero. When the biased voltage was applied above 20V, the charge collection efficiency reached 100%.
|
['Carbon Compounds, Inorganic', 'Equipment Design', 'Neutrons', 'Radiation Monitoring', 'Semiconductors', 'Silicon Compounds']
| 19,362,006
|
[['D01.200'], ['E05.320'], ['G01.249.660.250'], ['E05.799.638', 'N06.850.780.375.700', 'N06.850.810.370'], ['E07.305.625'], ['D01.837']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Localizing components of a complex task: sentence processing and working memory.
|
Three areas of the left hemisphere play different roles in sentence comprehension. An area of posterior middle and superior temporal gyrus shows activation correlated with the structural complexity of a sentence, suggesting that this area supports processing of sentence structure. The lateral anterior temporal gyrus is more activated bilaterally by all sentence conditions than by word lists; thus the function of the area probably does not directly support processing of structure but rather processing of words specific to a sentence context. Left inferior frontal cortex also shows activation related to sentence complexity but is also more activated in word list processing than in simple sentences; this region may thus support a form of verbal working memory which maintains sentence structural information as well as lexical items.
|
['Adult', 'Brain', 'Brain Mapping', 'Cognition', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Male', 'Memory', 'Photic Stimulation', 'Reading', 'Temporal Lobe', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed', 'Word Association Tests']
| 9,804,304
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['A08.186.211'], ['E01.370.350.578.875.500', 'E01.370.376.537.625.500', 'E05.629.875.500'], ['F02.463.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['F02.463.425.540'], ['E05.723.729'], ['L01.559.423.557'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.863'], ['E01.370.350.350.800', 'E01.370.350.600.350.800', 'E01.370.350.710.800', 'E01.370.350.825.800', 'E01.370.384.730.800'], ['F04.711.647.905']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
One Week of Daily Dosing With Beetroot Juice Improves Submaximal Endurance and Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction.
|
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether a relatively low single dose or a week-long dosage of dietary inorganic nitrate could improve exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).BACKGROUND: Exercise intolerance is the primary manifestation of HFpEF and is largely due to noncardiac factors that reduce oxygen delivery to active skeletal muscles. A recent study showed improved exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF after a single, acute dose of beetroot juice (BRJ) (12.9 mmol inorganic nitrate) while another recent study showed neutral and negative effects of an organic nitrate.METHODS: Twenty HFpEF patients (69 ± 7 years of age ) were enrolled in an initial cross-over design comparing a single, acute dose of BRJ (6.1 mmol nitrate) to a nitrate-depleted placebo BRJ. A second phase, 1 week of daily doses, used an all-treated design in which patients consumed BRJ for an average of 7 days. The primary outcome of the study was submaximal aerobic endurance, measured as cycling time to exhaustion at 75% of measured maximal power output.RESULTS: No adverse events were associated with the intervention. Submaximal aerobic endurance improved 24% after 1 week of daily BRJ dosing (p = 0.02) but was not affected by the single, acute dose of the BRJ compared to placebo. Consumption of BRJ significantly reduced resting systolic blood pressure and increased plasma nitrate and nitrite in both of the dosing schemes.CONCLUSIONS: One week of daily dosing with BRJ (6.1 mmol inorganic nitrate) significantly improves submaximal aerobic endurance and blood pressure in elderly HFpEF patients.
|
['Aged', 'Beta vulgaris', 'Blood Pressure', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise Tolerance', 'Female', 'Fruit and Vegetable Juices', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nitrates', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Endurance', 'Stroke Volume']
| 26,874,390
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.200.399'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['G11.427.680.270'], ['G07.203.100.606', 'J02.200.606'], ['C14.280.434'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D01.248.497.158.606', 'D01.625.525.550', 'D02.583'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.680', 'I03.450.642.845.054.600'], ['E01.370.370.380.150.700', 'G09.330.380.124.882']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Rationally reduced libraries for combinatorial pathway optimization minimizing experimental effort.
|
Rational flux design in metabolic engineering approaches remains difficult since important pathway information is frequently not available. Therefore empirical methods are applied that randomly change absolute and relative pathway enzyme levels and subsequently screen for variants with improved performance. However, screening is often limited on the analytical side, generating a strong incentive to construct small but smart libraries. Here we introduce RedLibs (Reduced Libraries), an algorithm that allows for the rational design of smart combinatorial libraries for pathway optimization thereby minimizing the use of experimental resources. We demonstrate the utility of RedLibs for the design of ribosome-binding site libraries by in silico and in vivo screening with fluorescent proteins and perform a simple two-step optimization of the product selectivity in the branched multistep pathway for violacein biosynthesis, indicating a general applicability for the algorithm and the proposed heuristics. We expect that RedLibs will substantially simplify the refactoring of synthetic metabolic pathways.
|
['Algorithms', 'Binding Sites', 'Computer Simulation', 'Indoles', 'Metabolic Engineering', 'Metabolic Networks and Pathways', 'Ribosomes']
| 27,029,461
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['L01.224.160'], ['D03.633.100.473'], ['E05.393.420.526', 'E05.481.500.311.249', 'J01.293.069.249.249'], ['G03.493'], ['A11.284.430.214.190.875.811']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nervous factors influencing the membrane activity of intestinal smooth muscle.
|
The effects of various chemical agents on the spontaneous membrane activities and those electrically elicited in the smooth muscles of small intestine were investigated.1. The effects of various chemicals on the spontaneously active membrane might be summarized as follows. (a) Cholinergic agents; atropine slightly hyperpolarized the membrane and reduced the amplitude of slow potential changes even in aged preparations. Prostigmine depolarized the membrane, and enhanced the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the slow potential changes. Atropine prevented the actions of prostigmine on the membrane. (b) Ba(2+) depolarized the membrane, and enhanced the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the slow potential changes. The spike frequency was initially increased, then reduced. Atropine and tetrodotoxin partially prevented the action of Ba(2+) on the membrane activities.2. Effects of chemical agents on the membrane activity elicited by electrical stimulation might be summarized as follows. (a) Short pulse stimulation (0.5-1 msec) generated the spike as a direct response of the muscle cell membrane, then it was followed by slow depolarization, delayed hyperpolarization, i.e. the ;inhibitory potential', and post-inhibitory rebound successively. (b) The slow depolarization and the post-inhibitory rebound were reduced in amplitude by treatment with atropine, and enhanced by treatments with prostigmine and Ba(2+). Tetrodotoxin blocked all activities except the spike.3. When repetitive stimulation (20 c/s) was applied to the membrane, the membrane hyperpolarized; then, after 3-5 sec, it gradually depolarized even if the stimulation was continued, and triggered spikes. The hyperpolarization always preceded depolarization. The duration and the amplitude of the delayed depolarization was proportionally increased by the increased intensity and duration of stimulation. Atropine and tetrodotoxin blocked the generation of the post-inhibitory rebound.4. Effects of repetitive stimulation on the stored tissues were observed. The responses to repetitive stimulation of the membrane of muscles which had been stored 50 hr at 4 degrees C, were the same as those observed in the fresh tissue. The response of the tissue which had been stored 100 hr was the same as that observed in the fresh tissue treated with tetrodotoxin, i.e. all activities except the spikes were blocked.
|
['Animals', 'Atropine', 'Barium', 'Depression, Chemical', 'Electrophysiology', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Intestine, Small', 'Membrane Potentials', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Oscillometry', 'Parasympathomimetics', 'Rabbits', 'Tetrodotoxin']
| 6,050,104
|
[['B01.050'], ['D02.145.074.722.229.199', 'D03.132.760.180.572.199', 'D03.132.889.180.648.199', 'D03.605.084.500.722.229.199', 'D03.605.869.229.199'], ['D01.268.552.050', 'D01.268.556.062', 'D01.552.539.124', 'D01.552.544.062'], ['G07.690.773.750'], ['H01.158.344.528', 'H01.158.782.236'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A03.556.124.684'], ['G01.154.535', 'G04.580', 'G07.265.675', 'G11.561.570'], ['A02.633.570', 'A10.690.467'], ['E05.654'], ['D27.505.696.663.050.675'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.968.700'], ['D03.633.100.786.910', 'D23.946.580.910']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Ethanol intake and 3H-serotonin uptake. II: A study in alcoholic patients using platelets 3H-paroxetine binding.
|
The kinetic parameters of 3H-paroxetine binding and 3H-serotonin uptake were studied in platelets of alcoholic patients. There was no difference between alcoholic and non alcoholic subjects in 3H-paroxetine binding. When binding and 3H-serotonin uptake were studied, in the same plasma of the same subjects, the Vmax of serotonin uptake was increased in alcoholics. The data confirm the involvement of serotonin uptake system in alcohol dependence and suggest that serotonin uptake and paroxetine binding sites may be regulated independently in this pathology.
|
['Adult', 'Alcoholism', 'Blood Platelets', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Middle Aged', 'Paroxetine', 'Piperidines', 'Serotonin', 'Serotonin Antagonists']
| 1,827,171
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C25.775.100.250', 'F03.900.100.350'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D03.383.621.600'], ['D03.383.621'], ['D02.092.211.215.801.852', 'D03.633.100.473.914.814', 'D23.469.050.650'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.850', 'D27.505.696.577.850.850']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The influence of indomethacin on renal haemodynamics in sickle cell anaemia.
|
1. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow were normal in a series of patients with sickle cell anaemia. Fractional creatinine excretion and fractional urea excretion were increased. 2. During indomethacin administration there were significant falls in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood-flow, creatinine clearance and urea clearance in the patients with sickle cell anaemia; fractional urea excretion also fell markedly. In control subjects none of these variables changed after indomethacin. 3. Serum concentration of urea rose markedly during indomethacin administration in sickle cell anaemia, owing to both the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the increase in fractional urea reabsorption. 4. We conclude that prostaglandins have an important role in maintaining a normal glomerular filtration rate and effective renal blood-flow in sickle cell anaemia. The abnormal urea handling in patients with this disease remains to be elucidated.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anemia, Sickle Cell', 'Female', 'Glomerular Filtration Rate', 'Humans', 'Indomethacin', 'Kidney', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Regional Blood Flow', 'Urea']
| 7,428,292
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['C15.378.071.141.150.150', 'C15.378.420.155', 'C16.320.070.150', 'C16.320.365.155'], ['E01.370.390.400.300', 'G08.852.357'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D03.633.100.473.420'], ['A05.810.453'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G09.330.100.780'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
The contribution of excision repair to the DNA effects seen in the alkaline single cell gel test (comet assay).
|
The alkaline single cell gel test (SCG test or comet assay) was used to study the contribution of excision repair activity to the observed DNA effect after mutagen treatment. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of UV-irradiation and the chemical mutagens 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were compared in a normal human cell line (MRC5CV1) and an excision-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cell line (XP12ROSV). The XP cells showed increased cell killing after treatment with all mutagens tested, but did not show a clear increase in DNA migration in the comet assay. DNA effects in MRC5 cells were strongly enhanced by the repair inhibitor aphidicolin (APC), while under the same experimental conditions, APC had no effect on the XP cell line. The enhancing effect of APC on DNA migration in MRC5 cells and the lack of effects in XP cells indicate that the induced DNA effects of 4NQO, BP and DMBA in the comet assay mainly represent the activity of an excision repair process.
|
['4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide', '9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene', 'Aphidicolin', 'Benzo(a)pyrene', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'DNA', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mutagens', 'Ultraviolet Rays', 'Xeroderma Pigmentosum']
| 8,596,477
|
[['D02.640.820.600', 'D03.633.100.810.470.450', 'D03.661.243.500'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.149.301', 'D04.615.149.301'], ['D02.455.849.291.075'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.799.306.300', 'D04.615.799.306.300'], ['G04.346'], ['A11.251'], ['D13.444.308'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['A11.329.228'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D27.888.569.468'], ['G01.358.500.505.650.891', 'G01.590.540.891', 'G01.750.250.650.891', 'G01.750.750.659', 'G01.750.770.578.891', 'G16.500.275.063.725.525.600', 'G16.500.750.775.525.600', 'N06.230.300.100.725.525.600'], ['C04.834.867', 'C16.131.831.936', 'C16.320.850.970', 'C17.800.600.925', 'C17.800.621.936', 'C17.800.804.936', 'C17.800.827.970', 'C18.452.284.975']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of thiol-activated sources of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) as antimycobacterial agents.
|
Here, 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfonamides with tunable cysteine-activated SO(2) release profiles with half-lives of SO(2) release varying from 2 to 63 min are reported. N-Benzyl-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (6), which is prepared in one step from commercial sources, had a potency (MIC = 0.15 ìM) of inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) higher than the clinical agent isoniazid (MIC = 0.37 ìM).
|
['Antitubercular Agents', 'Cell Survival', 'Cysteine', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Kinetics', 'Microbial Sensitivity Tests', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Sulfonamides', 'Sulfur Dioxide']
| 22,128,803
|
[['D27.505.954.122.085.255'], ['G04.346'], ['D02.886.030.230', 'D02.886.489.155', 'D12.125.154.299', 'D12.125.166.230'], ['A11.251.210.172.750', 'A11.436.334'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['E01.370.225.875.595', 'E05.200.875.595', 'E05.337.550.400'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['D02.065.884', 'D02.886.590.700'], ['D01.362.810', 'D01.650.550.850.925', 'D01.875.825.925']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Placing the trailing foot closer to an obstacle reduces flexion of the hip, knee, and ankle to increase the risk of tripping.
|
This study was performed to test the hypothesis that reducing the horizontal distance between the trailing foot (foot crossing the obstacle last) and obstacle, during stance just prior to stepping over the obstacle, would reduce flexion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of the trailing limb when the toe is over the obstacle to reduce the vertical toe-obstacle clearance and increase the risk of tripping. Fourteen healthy young adults stepped over an obstacle of 51, 102, 153, and 204 mm height in a self-selected manner (i.e., toe-obstacle distance was not controlled) and for toe-obstacle distance targets of 10, 20, 30, and 40% of their step lengths measured during unobstructed gait. The reductions in toe-obstacle distance resulted in linear decreases in flexion of the hip, knee, and ankle when the toe was over the obstacle. Toe-obstacle clearance of the trailing limb decreased significantly as toe-obstacle distance decreased. The reductions in toe-obstacle distance led to contact of the trailing (but not the leading) foot with the obstacle, the closer the obstacle the greater the number of contacts. The reductions also resulted in linear decreases in swing time of the trailing limb from toe-off to when the toe was over the obstacle. The height of the hip was not affected by toe-obstacle distance. Angular velocity of knee flexion was found to increase linearly as toe-obstacle distance decreased and appears to be of primary importance in avoiding obstacle contact.
|
['Accidental Falls', 'Adult', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Ankle Joint', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Gait', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Knee Joint', 'Logistic Models', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Range of Motion, Articular', 'Risk Factors', 'Rotation', 'Toes', 'Walking']
| 9,796,668
|
[['N06.850.135.122'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['A02.835.583.378.062'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.583.475'], ['E05.318.740.500.525', 'E05.318.740.600.800.450', 'E05.318.740.750.450', 'E05.599.835.875', 'N05.715.360.750.530.480', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.450', 'N05.715.360.750.695.470', 'N06.850.520.830.500.525', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.450', 'N06.850.520.830.750.450'], ['G07.568', 'G11.427.410'], ['E01.370.600.700', 'G11.427.760'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['G01.482.703'], ['A01.378.610.250.300.792'], ['G11.427.410.568.900', 'G11.427.410.698.277.937', 'I03.350.937', 'I03.450.642.845.940']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
In-shoe pressure distribution in "unstable" (MBT) shoes and flat-bottomed training shoes: a comparative study.
|
BACKGROUND: Footwear comfort in many clinical situations is dependent on the ability of the 'shoe' to redistribute plantar pressure. Offloading the metatarsal heads may be achieved by fitting an insole, but recently a new design of shoe with a curved under sole (Masai Barefoot Technology or "MBT shoe") has been advocated. The aim of this study was to directly assess the effect of such shoes on gait pattern.METHODS: Normal subjects were recruited and asked to walk sequentially in (a) flat-soled training shoes and (b) midfoot bearing shoes (MBT shoe). Mean and peak pressures in four anatomically defined areas of the foot, and the total area of sole contact were measured electronically by an in-shoe system (Pedar Ltd., UK).PRINCIPAL RESULTS: Standing in the Masai shoes resulted in a 21% lesser peak pressure under the midfoot and an 11% lesser peak pressure under the heel in comparison to the figures found when patients wore their training shoes. There was a 76% compensatory increase in pressure under the toes. In essence there was a significant shift in pressure towards the front of the foot.
|
['Adult', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Biomimetics', 'Equipment Design', 'Female', 'Foot', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pressure', 'Shoes']
| 16,901,702
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['H01.158.550.100', 'J01.897.120.100'], ['E05.320'], ['A01.378.610.250'], ['E01.370.600.250', 'G11.427.410.568.900.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.374.715'], ['J01.637.215.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of cyclosporine on adrenocortical response to injury and infection.
|
The effects of cyclosporine administration on the adrenocortical response to the severe stress of burn wound sepsis were studied in Wistar rats. Animals were treated with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg/day) or saline by gavage for 10 days, then subjected to 30% scald burns with wound inoculation with Pseudomonas. Animals were sacrificed on Postburn Days (PBDs) 1, 4, and 7 for determination of serum corticosterone and ACTH levels and adrenal weights and histology. Adrenal glands from animals sacrificed on PBD 7 were also analyzed for DNA, RNA, and protein content. Cyclosporine treatment without injury had no significant effect on body weight gain, adrenal mass, or baseline ACTH or corticosterone levels. During sepsis, cyclosporine-treated animals demonstrated a significantly diminished adrenocortical response compared to those given only saline. Serum corticosterone levels in the cyclosporine group were 45, 53, and 62% lower on PBDs 1, 4, and 7, respectively, than in saline-treated controls (P < 0.01 on each day). ACTH levels were 43 and 36% lower in cyclosporine-treated animals on PBDs 4 and 7, respectively, compared to the saline-treated group (P < 0.05 on each day). Adrenal hyperplasia occurred in both groups by PBD 7, but increases in adrenal mass and in histologic changes associated with hyperplasia (lipid depletion, vascular dilation) were less pronounced in cyclosporine-treated animals compared to those receiving saline, while adrenal composition remained similar between the two groups. Thus, cyclosporine administration is associated with an attenuated adrenocortical response to the stress of sepsis due to diminished circulating levels of ACTH.
|
['Adrenal Cortex', 'Adrenal Glands', 'Adrenocorticotropic Hormone', 'Animals', 'Burns', 'Corticosterone', 'Cyclosporine', 'DNA', 'Hyperplasia', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'Proteins', 'Pseudomonas Infections', 'RNA', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Wound Infection']
| 1,383,613
|
[['A06.300.071.140'], ['A06.300.071'], ['D06.472.699.327.935.531.500', 'D06.472.699.631.525.600.531.500', 'D12.644.400.400.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.365.935.531.500', 'D12.644.548.691.525.690.531.500', 'D12.776.631.650.405.935.531.500'], ['B01.050'], ['C26.200'], ['D04.210.500.745.745.654.237', 'D06.472.040.585.353.237'], ['D04.345.566.235.300', 'D12.644.641.235.300'], ['D13.444.308'], ['C23.550.444'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['D12.776'], ['C01.150.252.400.739'], ['D13.444.735'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['C01.947']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Nurses knowledge and attitudes regarding nutrition in the elderly.
|
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nurses in the community are in contact with the elderly at different levels of care. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding nutritional-care for the elderly, and the impact of their attitude on the quality of assessment-care they provide to this growing population in need of nutritional-care.METHODS: A structured questionnaire was distributed by mail to 600 nurses working in Maccabi-Health-Care-Services (MHS). The questionnaire assessed different aspects of elderly nutrition.RESULTS: The vast majority (91%) of the participants reported treating elderly in their practice. Religious nurses and the nurses with an individual orientation specialty reported more positive attitudes about nutritional-care for the elderly than others did (p=0.05). Nurses with a bachelor's degree had better attitudes than registered nurses about the importance of nutrition for the elderly (p < 0.01). Younger nurses were found to be more knowledgeable than older ones (p < 0.04). The nurses perceived nutrition as influencing different health conditions, and 85% pointed to the importance of feeding at the end of life.CONCLUSIONS: Nurses working in the community recognize the impact of proper nutrition on elderly patients' health, but need more training in screening for nutritional problems in the elderly.
|
['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Aged', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Clinical Competence', 'Data Collection', 'Humans', 'Israel', 'Middle Aged', "Nurse's Role", 'Nurses', 'Nutritional Sciences', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Young Adult']
| 19,536,416
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['E05.318.308', 'L01.399.250', 'N05.715.360.300', 'N06.850.520.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.245.500.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['F01.829.316.616.625.450', 'N05.300.100.337'], ['M01.526.485.650', 'N02.360.650'], ['H02.533'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A transcriptional regulatory element in the coding sequence of the human Bcl-2 gene.
|
We investigated the protein-binding sites in a DNAse I hypersensitive site associated with bcl-2 gene expression in human B cells. We mapped this hypersensitive site to the coding sequence of exon 2 of the bcl-2 gene in the bcl-2-expressing REH B-cell line. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) with extracts from REH cells revealed three previously unrecognized B-Myb-binding sites in this sequence. The protein was identified as B-Myb by using a specific antibody and EMSAs. Accordingly, the levels of B-Myb and bcl-2 proteins, and of Myb EMSA activity, were correlated over a wide range of cell lines, representing different stages of B-cell development. Transfection of REH cells with antisense B-myb down-regulated EMSA activity and the level of bcl-2, and led to the apoptosis of REH cells. Transfection of the bcl-2-non-expressing RPMI 8226 cell line with a B-Myb expression vector induced B-Myb EMSA activity and the expression of bcl-2. Reporter assays indicated that the HSS8 sequence containing the three B-Myb sites may act as an enhancer when it is linked to the bcl-2 gene promoter. Interaction of B-Myb with HSS8 may enhance bcl-2 gene expression by co-operating with positive regulatory elements (e.g. previously identified B-Myb response elements) or silencing negative response elements in the bcl-2 gene promoter.
|
['Apoptosis', 'B-Lymphocytes', 'Base Sequence', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Deoxyribonuclease I', 'Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay', 'Enhancer Elements, Genetic', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Genes, Regulator', 'Genes, bcl-2', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense', 'Palatine Tonsil', 'Protein Binding', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb', 'Transcription, Genetic', 'Transfection', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured', 'Up-Regulation']
| 15,606,792
|
[['G04.146.954.035'], ['A11.063.438', 'A11.118.637.555.567.562', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567.562', 'A15.382.032.438', 'A15.382.490.555.567.562'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G04.152'], ['D08.811.277.352.335.350.250'], ['E05.196.401.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.330', 'G05.360.080.689.330', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.249'], ['G05.308'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.425'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500.791.150'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D13.150.200.640', 'D13.150.480.640', 'D13.444.308.150.640', 'D13.444.600.150.200.640', 'D13.444.600.150.640.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.200.640', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640.640'], ['A04.623.603.925', 'A10.549.580', 'A14.724.603.925', 'A15.382.520.604.580'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D12.644.360.075.718', 'D12.776.476.075.718', 'D12.776.624.664.700.169'], ['D12.776.260.675', 'D12.776.624.664.700.188', 'D12.776.930.725'], ['G02.111.873', 'G05.297.700'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['A11.251.860'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of caffeine on exercise performance of physically fit Thoroughbreds.
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a dose of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) administered to physically fit Thoroughbreds during incremental exercise testing to fatigue on a treadmill.ANIMALS: 10 conditioned Thoroughbreds.PROCEDURE: Horses were randomly assigned to receive caffeine or a control solution. Each horse received both treatments in a crossover design with a 3-week interval between treatments. Each horse was administered caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) or an equivalent amount of a control solution IV. One hour after injection, each horse performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Hematologic values, heart rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, plasma lactate concentration, urine and serum concentrations of caffeine and metabolites, and time until exhaustion were monitored. Statistical analysis was performed by use of a mixed-effects linear model.RESULTS: Significant differences in measured values when horses were treated with caffeine or the control solution were not detected.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A dose of caffeine (2.5 mg/kg, IV) appears to have no effect on any performance variable of physically fit Thoroughbreds during incremental exercise testing to fatigue.
|
['Animals', 'Caffeine', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Central Nervous System Stimulants', 'Cross-Over Studies', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Horses', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Random Allocation']
| 15,900,934
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.132.960.175', 'D03.633.100.759.758.824.175'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['D27.505.696.282', 'D27.505.954.427.220'], ['E05.318.370.150', 'N05.715.360.325.150', 'N06.850.520.445.150'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.984.235.472'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['G03.680'], ['G11.427.410.698.277.280'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Transmission of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma by Yamatotettix flavovittatus, a new leafhopper vector.
|
Sugarcane white leaf disease is caused by plant pathogenic phytoplasmas that are transmitted to the plant by the leafhopper Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura). To determine whether there are other insect vectors that transmit this disease pathogen, leafhopper species in sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., fields in northeastern Thailand were monitored by using light traps. Sixty-nine leafhopper species from family Cicadellidae were found. Using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with specific primers, a 210-bp amplified DNA fragment corresponding to phytoplasma associated with sugarcane white leaf disease was detected from 12 species of leafhoppers [Balclutha rubrostriata (Melichar), Balclutha sp., Bhatia olivacea (Melichar), Exitianus indicus Distant, Macrosteles striifrons Anufriew, Matsumuratettix hiroglyphicus (Matsumura), Recilia distincta (Motschulsky), Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky), Recilia sp., Thaia oryzivora Ghauri, Yamatotettix flavovittatus Matsumura, and Xestocephalus sp.]. The percentage of individual infection with phytoplasma varied from 5% in B. olivacea to 35% in Xestocephalus sp. The most abundant leafhopper species, i.e., E. indicus, Y. flavovittatus, and M. hiroglyphicus were used in transmission tests to determine their vector status for the sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma transmission. Infected insects were reared on healthy plants and specific PCR followed by sequencing of the amplicons was used to determine whether the phytoplasma was transmitted to the plants. The results showed that both Y. flavovittatus and M. hiroglyphicus, but not E. indicus, can transmit sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma to healthy sugarcane plants. The transmission efficiency of M. hiroglyphicus (55%) was higher than that of Y. flavovittatus (45%). We conclude that Y. flavovittatus is a newly discovered vector for sugarcane white leaf disease, in addition to M. hiroglyphicus. These two species peak at different times of the year and therefore complement each other in the transmission of the phytoplasma. Because there are no known alternative host plants for the sugarcane white leaf, management of the disease will necessarily require the control of both Y. flavovittatus and M. hiroglyphicus.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Hemiptera', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Diseases', 'Population Dynamics', 'Saccharum', 'Sequence Analysis, DNA', 'Tenericutes']
| 17,066,780
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.412'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G15.610'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.835'], ['E05.393.760.700'], ['B03.440.860']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Does binge eating disorder impact weight-related quality of life?
|
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether binge eating disorder (BED) impacts weight-related quality of life in obese individuals seeking weight loss treatment and to investigate the role of psychological symptoms, BMI, and demographic variables in the relationship between BED and weight-related quality of life.RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Three hundred seventeen women (BMI = 37.6) and 213 men (BMI = 41.3) completed questionnaires on admission into an intensive residential lifestyle modification program. Weight-related quality of life was assessed using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite). The presence of BED was determined using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised. Psychological symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist 90-R.RESULTS: BED prevalence in this sample was 17.9%. Participants with BED, in comparison with those without BED, were more likely to be women (75.8% vs. 56.3%, p < 0.001), younger (45.0 vs. 49.7 years, p = 0.003), white (98.9% vs. 91.7%), heavier (BMI = 42.0 vs. 38.5, p = 0.002), psychologically distressed, and more impaired on total IWQOL-Lite (51.5 vs. 65.3, p < 0.001) and all IWQOL-Lite subscales. However, after controlling for demographic variables, BMI, and psychological symptoms, BED was not independently associated with weight-related quality of life.DISCUSSION: The association between BED and impairment in quality of life that has been previously reported in the literature may largely be accounted for by differences between those with and without BED on demographic variables, BMI, and psychological symptoms. BED does not seem to independently impact weight-related quality of life.
|
['Age Factors', 'Body Mass Index', 'Bulimia', 'Depression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Linear Models', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Quality of Life', 'Sex Factors', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 15,229,340
|
[['N05.715.350.075', 'N06.850.490.250'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['C23.888.821.645.500'], ['F01.145.126.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.500.500', 'E05.318.740.750.425', 'E05.599.835.750', 'N05.715.360.750.530.460', 'N05.715.360.750.695.460', 'N06.850.520.830.500.500', 'N06.850.520.830.750.425'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['N05.715.350.675', 'N06.850.490.875'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The antigastrolesive activity of rioprostil, a 16-methyl prostaglandin-E1 analogue in healthy volunteers.
|
The antigastrolesive activity of rioprostil, an orally effective synthetic 16-methyl analogue of prostaglandin-E1, with potent antisecretory and antigastrolesive properties in animals, is evaluated in a series of studies involving 166 healthy male volunteers. Three double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled studies are conducted independently at three study centres. In two studies the protective effect of rioprostil against endoscopically-demonstrated mucosal changes caused by concurrent administration of aspirin is examined. The third study evaluates the inhibitory effect of rioprostil on faecal blood loss produced by co-administration of aspirin. Oral doses of rioprostil give significant dose-dependent protection against aspirin-induced mucosal changes. The total mucosal scores at day 3 and day 11 are significantly lower in each of the rioprostil + aspirin groups compared with the aspirin treated group. The total mucosal scores generally decrease with increasing rioprostil dose. Daily faecal blood loss is significantly lower in each of the groups of subjects treated with rioprostil + aspirin, compared with those treated with aspirin + placebo. This study shows that rioprostil provides significant protection against mucosal damage caused by high doses of concomitantly administered aspirin.
|
['Adult', 'Anti-Ulcer Agents', 'Aspirin', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prostaglandins E', 'Prostaglandins, Synthetic', 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'Rioprostil']
| 2,510,286
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.483.203'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['E05.318.370.300', 'E05.581.500.300', 'N05.715.360.325.320', 'N06.850.520.445.300'], ['A03.556.875.875.440', 'A10.615.550.291'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.250', 'D23.469.050.175.725.250'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775', 'D23.469.700'], ['E05.318.372.250.250.365.500', 'N05.715.360.330.250.250.365.500', 'N06.850.520.450.250.250.365.500'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.450.750', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.450.750', 'D23.469.700.660.750']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Fixed and autoadjusting continuous positive airway pressure treatments are not similar in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
|
BACKGROUND: A strong association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases has been reported. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line therapy for OSA, able not only to reduce daytime sleepiness but also to improve cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes. Autoadjusting CPAP (APAP), an alternative treatment to CPAP, can reduce OSA symptoms while increasing long-term CPAP compliance without the high costs of CPAP titration. However, no data are available on the effects of APAP on cardiovascular risk factorsMETHODS: We performed standard full polysomnography; obtained plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP); and measured systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in 31 patients with newly diagnosed, severe OSA. After standard CPAP titration, all subjects were randomized to CPAP or APAP treatment. Measurements were obtained at baseline and after 3 months of treatment.RESULTS: The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and severity of OSA. SBP, DBP, heart rate (HR), homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR), and CRP were similar in the two groups. After 3 months of treatment, BMI, HR, and compliance to therapy were also comparable. OSA indexes were significantly reduced in both groups. Significant reductions in SBP, DBP, and HOMA-IR were observed in the CPAP group but not in the APAP group, while CRP plasma levels were similarly reduced.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that CPAP and APAP, despite significant effects on OSA indexes and symptoms, do not improve cardiovascular risk factors in the same fashion.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Blood Pressure', 'Body Mass Index', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Continuous Positive Airway Pressure', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Risk Factors', 'Sleep Apnea, Obstructive', 'Time Factors']
| 17,494,789
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E01.370.600.875.249', 'G09.330.380.076'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.125', 'E05.041.124.125', 'G07.100.100.125', 'N06.850.505.200.100.175'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C14'], ['E02.041.625.790.259', 'E02.880.820.790.259'], ['E01.370.600.875.500', 'G09.330.380.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['C08.618.085.852.850', 'C10.886.425.800.750.850'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effect of dual-specificity protein phosphatase 5 on pluripotency maintenance and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
|
The MAPK/Erk signaling pathway is considered as a key regulator of the pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells, while dual-specificity protein phosphatases (DUSPs) are negative regulators of MAPK. Although DUSPs are potential embryogenesis regulators, their functions in the regulation of ES cell differentiation have not been demonstrated. The present study revealed that Dusp5 was expressed in mouse ES (mES) cells and that its expression was correlated with the undifferentiated state of these cells. Exogenous Dusp5 expression enhanced mES cell clonogenicity and suppressed mES cell differentiation by maintaining Nanog expression via the inhibition of the Erk pathway. Following Dusp5 knockdown, Nanog and Oct4 expression was significantly attenuated and the Erk signaling pathway was activated. Additionally, EBs derived from Dusp5 knockdown mES cells (KDEBs) exhibited a weak adherence capability, very little outgrowth, and a reduction in the number of epithelial-like cells. The expression of Gata6 (an endodermal marker) and Flk1 and Twist1 (mesodermal markers) was inhibited in KDEBs, which indicated that Dusp5 influenced the differentiation of these germ layers during EB development. Collectively, this study suggested that Dusp5 plays an important role in the maintenance of pluripotency in mES cells, and that Dusp5 may be required for EB development.
|
['Animals', 'Base Sequence', 'Blotting, Western', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Cell Line', 'DNA Primers', 'Dual-Specificity Phosphatases', 'Embryonic Stem Cells', 'Gene Knockdown Techniques', 'Homeodomain Proteins', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nanog Homeobox Protein', 'Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Signal Transduction']
| 21,732,408
|
[['B01.050'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['E05.196.401.143', 'E05.301.300.096', 'E05.478.566.320.200', 'E05.601.262', 'E05.601.470.320.200'], ['G04.152'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D13.695.578.424.450.275', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.600'], ['D08.811.277.352.650.625.225', 'D08.811.277.352.650.775.250', 'D08.811.641.755', 'D12.644.360.268', 'D12.776.476.268'], ['A11.872.700.250'], ['E05.393.335.500'], ['D12.776.260.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D12.776.260.400.530', 'D12.776.930.542'], ['E05.393.620.500.706'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Impact of anti-insulin antibodies on islet transplantation outcome: data from the GRAGIL Network.
|
BACKGROUND: In patients with type 1 diabetes, insulin antibodies (IA), altering the pharmacokinetics of circulating insulin, might be associated with high glucose concentration, prolonged hypoglycemia, and higher insulin requirement. The impact of IA on islet transplantation has never been explored. Our aim was to evaluate islet transplantation results at 1 year according to the presence of IA.METHODS: Our work is a retrospective, case-control study, comparing IA-negative and IA-positive patients among the cohort of patients with type 1 diabetes transplanted within the Swiss-French GRAGIL network between 2003 and 2010.RESULTS: Data about IA were available for 17 patients. Before islet transplantation, 10 patients (59%) were screened positive for IA. At 12 months after transplantation, IA-positive patients reached insulin independence less frequently than IA-negative patients (cumulative incidence of insulin independence, 22.2% vs. 71.4%; P=0.02); â score was ?7 in 43% of IA-negative patients versus 0% in IA-positive patients (P=0.022). When comparing IA-positive patients with IA-negative patients, insulin dose was 0.15 U/kg (0.10-0.18 U/kg) versus 0.01 U/kg (0-0.09 U/kg) (P=0.2); HbA1c was 6.1% (5.8%-6.3%) versus 6.1% (5.9%-6.8%) (P=0.16); basal C-peptide level was 460 ñmol/L (350-510 ñmol/L) versus 265 ñmol/L (177-405 ñmol/L) (P=0.28); occurrence of hypoglycemia was 12.5% versus 16.5% (P=0.9); and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance was 1.25 (1-2.4) versus 0.7 (0.52-0.92) (P=0.01).CONCLUSION: After islet transplantation, IA-positive patients achieved insulin independence less frequently, exhibiting lower â score and higher homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance compared with IA-negative patients. However, in both groups, islet transplantation restored good glycemic control and drastically reduced hypoglycemia and insulin requirements.
|
['Adult', 'Blood Glucose', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Insulin Antibodies', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 24,837,539
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.656', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.656', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.656'], ['C18.452.394.968.500', 'G07.690.773.984.617'], ['E02.095.147.500.250', 'E04.270.550', 'E04.936.225.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Peripheral esterases in the rat: effects of classical inducers.
|
Liver microsomal paraoxonase, aryl esterase and fluazifop butyl esterase (carboxylesterase) were induced by pretreatment of rat with phenobarbitone but not by beta-naphthoflavone or clofibric acid. In the extrahepatic tissues lung cytosolicfluazifop butyl and phenylacetate esterase were induced.
|
['Animals', 'Benzoflavones', 'Clofibric Acid', 'Enzyme Induction', 'Esterases', 'Herbicides', 'Hydrolysis', 'Inactivation, Metabolic', 'Liver', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Paraoxon', 'Phenobarbital', 'Phenylacetates', 'Pyridines', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Skin', 'beta-Naphthoflavone']
| 8,343,974
|
[['B01.050'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.175', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.175'], ['D02.241.081.114.968.500.500', 'D02.355.726.305.500', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.654.305.500'], ['G05.308.320.200'], ['D08.811.277.352'], ['D27.720.031.700.366', 'D27.888.723.366'], ['G02.380'], ['G03.171.450', 'G03.787.225.450', 'G07.690.725.225.450'], ['A03.620'], ['A04.411'], ['D02.705.400.650'], ['D03.383.742.698.253.650'], ['D02.241.223.601'], ['D03.383.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A17.815'], ['D03.383.663.283.266.450.175.100', 'D03.633.100.150.266.450.175.100']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Predicting recovery criteria for threatened and endangered plant species on the basis of past abundances and biological traits.
|
Recovery plans for species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act are required to specify measurable criteria that can be used to determine when the species can be delisted. For the 642 listed endangered and threatened plant species that have recovery plans, we applied recursive partitioning methods to test whether the number of individuals or populations required for delisting can be predicted on the basis of distributional and biological traits, previous abundance at multiple time steps, or a combination of traits and previous abundances. We also tested listing status (threatened or endangered) and the year the recovery plan was written as predictors of recovery criteria. We analyzed separately recovery criteria that were stated as number of populations and as number of individuals (population-based and individual-based criteria, respectively). Previous abundances alone were relatively good predictors of population-based recovery criteria. Fewer populations, but a greater proportion of historically known populations, were required to delist species that had few populations at listing compared with species that had more populations at listing. Previous abundances were also good predictors of individual-based delisting criteria when models included both abundances and traits. The physiographic division in which the species occur was also a good predictor of individual-based criteria. Our results suggest managers are relying on previous abundances and patterns of decline as guidelines for setting recovery criteria. This may be justifiable in that previous abundances inform managers of the effects of both intrinsic traits and extrinsic threats that interact and determine extinction risk.
|
['Conservation of Natural Resources', 'Endangered Species', 'Models, Biological', 'Plant Development', 'Plant Dispersal', 'Plant Physiological Phenomena', 'Population Dynamics', 'United States']
| 23,293,869
|
[['J01.256', 'N06.230.080'], ['B01.050.050.565', 'G16.500.275.157.049.250', 'N06.230.080.200', 'N06.230.124.049.250'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G07.345.625', 'G15.589'], ['G15.620'], ['G15'], ['I01.240.600', 'N01.224.625', 'N06.850.505.400.700'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Autoproteolysis in nucleoporin biogenesis.
|
We have molecularly characterized a proteolytic cleavage in conserved nuclear pore complex proteins. This cleavage, previously demonstrated to be essential for the biogenesis of two nuclear pore complex proteins in mammals (Nup98 and Nup96) and yeast (Nup145-N and Nup145-C), occurs between Phe and Ser residues within a highly conserved domain in a polyprotein precursor. Here, we show that a protease is not involved in the cleavage event. By using a combination of domain mapping and site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the human nuclear pore complex protein Nup98 specifically cleaves itself between F863 and S864. A region of Nup98, amino acids 715-920, is able to cleave, whereas a smaller region, amino acids 772-920, does not cleave. In addition, we have generated a Nup98 mutant that cleaves under defined conditions in vitro. Further, the two cleaved fragments of Nup98 form a complex, providing a possible mechanism whereby specific, yet low-affinity, binding between Nup98 and Nup96 is responsible for the nuclear targeting of Nup96. Although apparently unrelated evolutionarily, Nup98 has converged on an autoproteolytic biogenesis mechanism similar to that of hedgehog proteins, the inteins, and the N-terminal nucleophile proteins.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Conserved Sequence', 'Endopeptidases', 'Humans', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Mutation', 'Nuclear Envelope', 'Nuclear Proteins']
| 10,500,183
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['G02.111.570.580'], ['D08.811.277.656.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['G05.365.590'], ['A11.284.149.165.630', 'A11.284.149.450.700', 'A11.284.430.106.279.692', 'A11.284.835.514.700'], ['D12.776.660']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Spacer-elongated cell wall fusion proteins improve cell surface expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
Fusion proteins for cell surface expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were constructed that consisted of the N-terminal leader sequence of Kre1p, followed by the nine amino acid viral epitope hemagglutinin (HA), and the carboxyterminal anchoring domain of either Cwp2p or Flo1p. All fusions were constitutively expressed under transcriptional control of the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter and immunofluorescence analysis indicated that in each construct the HA peptide was correctly anchored to the outer yeast cell surface. Successful solubilization of the cell wall fusions by laminarinase treatment indicated that the fusions are covalently linked to cell wall beta-1,3- D-glucans in vivo. FACS analyses further demonstrated that 70% of the yeast cell population expressed the corresponding cell wall fusion. Neither the number of positive cells within the population nor the distribution of the fusion at the single-cell level were negatively affected by replacing the "heterologous" Kre1p leader by the "native" Cwp2p leader. Insertion of a 350 amino acid Ser/Thr-rich spacer sequence into the fusions led to a dramatic increase in HA peptide accessibility on the yeast cell surface. Our data show that FACS analyses represent a valuable means for investigating cell surface expression, and indicate that artificial-spacer-elongated cell wall fusions might raise novel possibilities for cell surface expression of heterologous proteins in yeast.
|
['Cell Wall', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Hemagglutinins', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Models, Genetic', 'Recombinant Fusion Proteins', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']
| 11,956,747
|
[['A11.284.183'], ['D12.776.354'], ['G05.297'], ['D27.505.696.477.136.377'], ['D12.776.543'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['D12.776.828.300'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
An interactive wireless communication system for visually impaired people using city bus transport.
|
Visually impaired people have difficulty accessing information about public transportation systems. Several systems have been developed for assisting visually impaired and blind people to use the city bus. Most systems provide only one-way communication and require high-cost and complex equipment. The purpose of this study is to reduce the difficulties faced by visually impaired people when taking city buses, using an interactive wireless communication system. The system comprised a user module and a bus module to establish a direct one-to-one connection. When the user inputs 4-digit numbers, the user module immediately sends out the information. If the bus module receives the matched bus number, it buzzes and the warning LED flashes to notify the bus driver that someone is waiting to board on the bus. User tests were conducted by two visually impaired people in a simulated vehicle and a city bus. The success rate of interactive wireless communication, recognizing the arrival of the bus and boarding the correct bus reached 100% in all of the tests. The interactive wireless communication aid system is a valid and low-cost device for assisting visually impaired people to use city buses.
|
['Cities', 'Computer Communication Networks', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Motor Vehicles', 'Self-Help Devices', 'Taiwan', 'Transportation', 'Urban Population', 'Visually Impaired Persons', 'Wireless Technology']
| 24,776,720
|
[['G16.500.275.069', 'N06.230.069', 'Z01.433'], ['L01.224.230.110'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['J01.937.500'], ['E07.796'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850'], ['J01.937'], ['N01.600.900'], ['M01.150.850'], ['L01.178.847.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
A comparison of graph- and kernel-based -omics data integration algorithms for classifying complex traits.
|
BACKGROUND: High-throughput sequencing data are widely collected and analyzed in the study of complex diseases in quest of improving human health. Well-studied algorithms mostly deal with single data source, and cannot fully utilize the potential of these multi-omics data sources. In order to provide a holistic understanding of human health and diseases, it is necessary to integrate multiple data sources. Several algorithms have been proposed so far, however, a comprehensive comparison of data integration algorithms for classification of binary traits is currently lacking.RESULTS: In this paper, we focus on two common classes of integration algorithms, graph-based that depict relationships with subjects denoted by nodes and relationships denoted by edges, and kernel-based that can generate a classifier in feature space. Our paper provides a comprehensive comparison of their performance in terms of various measurements of classification accuracy and computation time. Seven different integration algorithms, including graph-based semi-supervised learning, graph sharpening integration, composite association network, Bayesian network, semi-definite programming-support vector machine (SDP-SVM), relevance vector machine (RVM) and Ada-boost relevance vector machine are compared and evaluated with hypertension and two cancer data sets in our study. In general, kernel-based algorithms create more complex models and require longer computation time, but they tend to perform better than graph-based algorithms. The performance of graph-based algorithms has the advantage of being faster computationally.CONCLUSIONS: The empirical results demonstrate that composite association network, relevance vector machine, and Ada-boost RVM are the better performers. We provide recommendations on how to choose an appropriate algorithm for integrating data from multiple sources.
|
['Algorithms', 'Bayes Theorem', 'Computational Biology', 'Humans', 'Support Vector Machine']
| 29,212,468
|
[['G17.035', 'L01.224.050'], ['E05.318.740.600.200', 'N05.715.360.750.625.150', 'N06.850.520.830.600.200'], ['H01.158.273.180', 'L01.313.124'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G17.035.250.500.500.500', 'L01.224.050.375.530.500.500']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Bone allografts in salvage of difficult hip arthroplasties.
|
Fourteen bone allograft transplantations were performed in 12 patients: five whole-hip osteoarticular allografts, eight acetabular wall, and one proximal femur with long-stem prosthesis. Average followup time was 19 months. Average patient age was 46 years. Acetabular grafts appeared healed. There was narrowing of joint space in all whole-hip allografts. However, joint narrowing did not correlate with functional results. Failures were attributed to collapse of the femoral head in one patient and nonunion at the host-allograft junction in two patients. However, even in primary failures, allografts provided bone stock to substitute for massive bone loss; this allowed for further reconstruction with endoprostheses. Intercalary segmental allografts combined with prosthetic devices gave the best results.
|
['Acetabulum', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hip Joint', 'Hip Prosthesis', 'Humans', 'Middle Aged', 'Prospective Studies', 'Radiography', 'Transplantation, Homologous']
| 4,017,328
|
[['A02.835.232.043.825.108'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['A02.835.583.411'], ['E07.695.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.936.864']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine inhibits RNA synthesis and triggers nuclear accumulation of p53 that is unmodified at Ser15 and Lys382.
|
Roscovitine has been shown to induce the accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53, to arrest cells in the G(1) and G(2)/M phases of the cell cycle, and to induce apoptosis in human cells. Although these cellular effects of roscovitine are thought to be caused directly by its specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases, other mechanisms may contribute as well. In this study, we investigated whether roscovitine interferes with transcription in human cells. We have previously shown that blockage of transcription is a trigger for the induction of p53 and apoptosis in human fibroblasts. Here we show that mRNA synthesis is suppressed significantly by roscovitine in human cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mechanism by which roscovitine inhibits RNA synthesis involves the inhibition of the phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. Cells treated with roscovitine at doses that affected transcription were found to accumulate p53 in the nucleus; curiously, however, the nuclear accumulation of p53 was not accompanied by modifications at either the Ser15 or Lys382 sites of p53. We conclude that roscovitine is a potent inhibitor of RNA synthesis and that this inhibition may be responsible for the accumulation of nuclear p53.
|
['CDC2-CDC28 Kinases', 'Cell Nucleus', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2', 'Cyclin-Dependent Kinases', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Lysine', 'Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors', 'Phosphorylation', 'Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases', 'Purines', 'RNA Polymerase II', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Roscovitine', 'Serine', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53']
| 11,562,441
|
[['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.500', 'D12.644.360.250.067', 'D12.776.167.200.067', 'D12.776.476.250.067'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['A11.251'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500.750', 'D12.644.360.250.323', 'D12.776.167.200.323', 'D12.776.476.250.323'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.646.500', 'D12.644.360.250', 'D12.776.167.200', 'D12.776.476.250'], ['D27.505.519.389'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.068.555', 'D12.125.095.647', 'D12.125.142.497'], ['D27.505.519.389.675'], ['G02.111.665', 'G02.607.780', 'G03.796'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700'], ['D03.633.100.759'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.735.270.762'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['D03.633.100.759.776'], ['D12.125.154.800'], ['D12.776.157.687.650', 'D12.776.260.820', 'D12.776.624.776.775', 'D12.776.660.720.650', 'D12.776.744.845']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Variations in the abundance and structural diversity of microbes forming biofilms in a thermally stressed coral reef system.
|
Little information is known about biofilm formation in the thermally stressed coral reef systems north of the Arabian Gulf. The current study investigates the abundance and diversity of marine microbes involved in biofilm formation and their succession over a period of 14 weeks (May-August 2007) at temperatures exceeding 32 °C. The results showed variations in microbial numbers and the development of more stable biofilm communities as the biofilms aged. The culture-dependent technique and microscopic examination of the developed biofilms showed the dominance of key species known for their role in precipitating CaCO3 such as Vibrio and in facilitating coral larvae settlement and metamorphosis such as Pseudoalteromonas, Bacillariophyceae and Rhodophyceae. The results revealed biofilm formations with microbial diversities that have the potential to support the larval settlement and metamorphism of marine organisms and to consolidate and stabilize biofilms via the process of calcification in the thermally stressed coral reef system considered herein.
|
['Animals', 'Anthozoa', 'Biodiversity', 'Biofilms', 'Calcium Carbonate', 'Coral Reefs', 'Larva', 'Metamorphosis, Biological', 'Microbial Consortia', 'Rhodophyta', 'Temperature', 'Vibrio']
| 26,494,248
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.308.237'], ['G16.500.275.157.049', 'N06.230.124.049'], ['A20.593', 'G06.120'], ['D01.146.275', 'D01.200.275.150.150', 'D01.578.200'], ['G16.500.275.157.130', 'N06.230.124.130'], ['B05.500.500', 'G07.345.500.550.500.500'], ['G07.345.500.550'], ['G06.591.750', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.750', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.500'], ['B01.650.700'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Selective autoantibody production against CCL3 is associated with human type 1 diabetes mellitus and serves as a novel biomarker for its diagnosis.
|
We have recently demonstrated that patients suffering from chronic autoimmune diseases develop an autoantibody response against key mediators that participate in the initiation and progression of these diseases. In this paper, we show that patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but not those suffering from several other inflammatory autoimmune diseases, display a selective autoantibody titer to a single CC chemokine named CCL3. From the diagnostic point we show that this response could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis of T1DM, a disease that is currently diagnosed by autoantibodies to competitive anti-insulin Abs, islet cell Abs, and glutamic acid decarboxylase Abs. We show that our currently suggested biomarker is more reliable than each of the above alone, including diagnosis of T1DM at its preclinical stage, and could therefore be used as a novel way for diagnosis of T1DM. These Abs were found to be neutralizing Abs. It is possible, though hard to prove, that these Abs participate in the natural regulation of the human disease. Hence, it has previously been shown by others that selective neutralization of CCL3 suppresses T1DM in NOD mice. Theses results together with ours suggest CCL3 as a preferential target for therapy of T1DM.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antibody Specificity', 'Autoantibodies', 'Biomarkers', 'Cell Line', 'Chemokine CCL3', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Humans', 'Infant']
| 19,494,336
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G12.450.050.370.250'], ['G12.100'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.323', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.323', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.323'], ['D23.101'], ['A11.251.210'], ['D12.644.276.374.200.110.150', 'D12.644.276.374.200.600.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.110.150', 'D12.776.467.374.200.600.150', 'D23.125.300.110.150', 'D23.125.300.600.500', 'D23.469.200.110.150', 'D23.469.200.600.150', 'D23.529.374.200.110.150', 'D23.529.374.200.600.150'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Clinical features of the arthritis of mixed connective tissue disease.
|
Seventeen of 19 patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) had arthritis as a significant initial feature of their disease; 8 were given an initial diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 4 received chrysotherapy. RA-like hand deformities were present in 35% and contractures and/or persistent loss of joint motion in 47%. Joint radiographs showed abnormalities in 41% and included erosions and/or cysts in 30%. The arthritis of MCTD may be both erosive and deforming and this disease should be considered in patients presenting as RA with unusual features.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Arthritis, Rheumatoid', 'Child', 'Collagen Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Radiography']
| 666,870
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C05.550.114.154', 'C05.799.114', 'C17.300.775.099', 'C20.111.199'], ['M01.060.406'], ['C17.300.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.350.700']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Arthrodesis after osteosynthesis and infection of the ankle joint.
|
Nineteen patients with a severely infected ankle joint after previous osteosynthesis were treated with arthrodesis in our institution. Their notes and X-rays were reviewed. Goals of treatment were eradication of infection by aggressive d?bridement of infected tissues, obtaining adequate soft-tissue coverage, preservation/restoration of bonelength, and finally consolidation of the arthrodesis. Thirteen men and six women were treated, with a median age of 46 (17-69) years. Arthrodesis took place after a median of 6 months (0.5-40) post-accident, and after one to six earlier operative procedures. Primarily there had been four bimalleolar, five trimalleolar and ten pilon tibial fractures. Fifteen fractures were open with severe soft tissue damage. Seven free muscle transfers were performed, and ten cancellous bone graftings. Finally 29 attempts at arthrodesis were performed. Ultimately we had to perform two amputations. After a mean follow up of 3.5 years, one patient has an aseptic but asymptomatic pseudarthrosis, for which no further surgery is scheduled. Sixteen extremities are free from infection while full weightbearing is possible. The limb-threatening problem of deep infection after osteosynthesis of an ankle fracture can be resolved by consistent but prolonged treatment. After successful arthrodesis a weightbearing extremity without infection remains in the majority of cases.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Ankle Injuries', 'Arthrodesis', 'Bone Transplantation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Muscles', 'Radiography', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Surgical Wound Infection', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 11,223,046
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C26.558.100'], ['E04.555.100'], ['E02.095.147.725.052', 'E04.555.130', 'E04.936.580.052'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['E01.370.350.700'], ['E04.690'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C01.947.692', 'C23.550.767.925'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cytochemical and immunofluorescence investigations of insulin-like producing cells in the intestine of Mytilus edulis L. (Bivalvia).
|
Insulin-like immunoreactivity can be localized to cells of the intestine in the area of the hepatopancreas of Mytilus edulis L. No cross-reactivity can be obtained with anti-glucagon, anti-gastrin, anti-pentagastrin or anti-caerulin. The cells containing the substance immunoreactive to mammalian anti-insulin, can be restrained with paraldehyde-fuchsin.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Ceruletide', 'Cross Reactions', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Epithelium', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique', 'Gastrins', 'Gastrointestinal Hormones', 'Glucagon', 'Insulin', 'Intestinal Mucosa']
| 764,973
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['D12.644.456.241'], ['G12.122.281'], ['A11.436'], ['A10.272'], ['E01.370.225.500.607.512.240', 'E01.370.225.750.551.512.240', 'E05.200.500.607.512.240', 'E05.200.750.551.512.240', 'E05.478.583.375'], ['D06.472.317.413', 'D06.472.699.280', 'D12.644.400.320', 'D12.644.548.280', 'D12.776.631.650.320'], ['D06.472.317'], ['D06.472.699.587.730.500', 'D12.644.548.586.730.500'], ['D06.472.699.587.200.500.625', 'D12.644.548.586.200.500.625'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A highly selective fluorescent probe for hypochlorite and its endogenous imaging in living cells.
|
An oxime based fluorescent probe has been designed and synthesized, which detects free as well as enzymatically generated hypochlorite with a low detection limit and high sensitivity. In addition, the probe was successfully utilized for the monitoring of endogenously produced hypochlorite in LPS stimulated cell lines, C6 glioma and BV2 microglia.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Hypochlorous Acid', 'Mice', 'Models, Molecular', 'Optical Imaging', 'Oximes', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence']
| 25,155,881
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.029.260.365', 'D01.210.465', 'D01.339.431.311', 'D01.650.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E01.370.350.589', 'E05.642'], ['D02.092.570.665'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Tumor-targeted gene delivery via anti-HER2 antibody (trastuzumab, Herceptin) conjugated polyethylenimine.
|
A series of novel nonviral vectors targeting the HER-2/neu gene product human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) were constructed and evaluated in breast cancer cell lines to optimize vector formulation for receptor-specific gene transfer. These vectors were DNA/polycation complexes (polyplexes) prepared by mixing, at varying ratios, plasmid DNA carrying a luciferase reporter gene to HerPEI, which is a conjugate of linear polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer, and trastuzumab (Herceptin), a HER2-specific monoclonal antibody. Transfection studies were carried out in both HER2 overexpressing Sk-Br-3 and HER2 low-expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The HerPEI polyplexes showed significantly greater transfection activity up to 20-folds than nonderivatized PEI-based polyplexes in the Sk-Br-3 cells. The transfection efficiency of targeted polyplexes was dependent on the trastuzumab:PEI ratio and can be blocked by excess free trastuzumab, suggesting HER2-mediated gene delivery. In contrast, no significant difference in transfection activities was observed between HER2-targeted and nontargeted polyplexes in the HER2 low-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. The transfection efficiency of HerPEI polyplexes was retained in serum-containing medium. In summary, HerPEI polyplexes have shown promising HER2 receptor-specific gene transfer properties and warrant further evaluation as a tumor-targeted vector for gene therapy.
|
['Antibodies, Monoclonal', 'Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'DNA', 'Drug Carriers', 'Electrophoresis, Agar Gel', 'Humans', 'Luciferases, Firefly', 'Plasmids', 'Polyethyleneimine', 'Receptor, ErbB-2', 'Transfection', 'Trastuzumab']
| 15,196,762
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D26.255.260', 'E02.319.300.380'], ['E05.196.401.153', 'E05.301.300.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D08.811.682.517.750', 'D12.776.093.500.577', 'D12.776.532.510.500'], ['G05.360.600'], ['D02.455.326.271.665.550.600', 'D02.491.650', 'D05.750.716.507.600', 'D25.720.716.507.600', 'J01.637.051.720.716.507.600'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.725.400.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.630.009.400', 'D12.776.543.750.750.400.074.400', 'D12.776.624.664.700.642', 'D23.050.301.500.600.700', 'D23.050.705.552.600.550', 'D23.101.140.642'], ['E05.393.350.810', 'G05.728.860'], ['D12.776.124.486.485.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114.224.060.875', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114.224.200.875']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Evaluation of a prepared childbirth program.
|
A study was undertaken to ascertain what effects on the outcome of labor and delivery could be attributed to a prepared childbirth program. Three tables are included setting forth statistical relationships. The basic conclusion was that more than five hours of structured prenatal education has a positive impact on maternal-child health.
|
['Delivery, Obstetric', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Labor, Obstetric', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Prenatal Care', 'Washington']
| 251,741
|
[['E04.520.252'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['G08.686.784.769.326'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['E02.760.786', 'N02.421.143.620.704', 'N02.421.585.786'], ['Z01.107.567.875.560.900', 'Z01.107.567.875.580.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
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