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Interstitial radiotherapy combined with interstitial hyperthermia in the management of recurrent tumors.
|
During a 2-year period 31 sites in 27 patients with recurrent, previously treated tumors received a combination of interstitial 192Ir radiation (RT) with microwave hyperthermia (HT). Head and neck sites were treated most frequently (48%), with breast and vagina each representing about 20% of sites. Complete response (CR) with no local recurrence was obtained in 61%, partial response (PR) in 11 (36%), and one (3%) had less than 50% tumor regression. Of these patients, nine had no evidence of tumor following HT-RT therapy, 8/18 in the CR group and 1/11 in the PR group. Significant factors influencing CR were: radiation dose, tumor volume and duration of tumor control following the initial therapy (p less than 0.02). Treated site, histology and thermal dose were not significant factors influencing tumor regression. Complications of significance developed in one patient who had local skin necrosis. Interstitial HT-RT combination provides an effective palliative therapy for recurrent and/or persistent tumors. Randomized trials are necessary to assess the effectiveness of this combination as a component part of primary management of selected tumors.
|
['Brachytherapy', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Palliative Care']
| 2,453,899
|
[['E02.815.150'], ['E02.186'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.565'], ['C04.697.655', 'C23.550.727.655'], ['E02.760.666', 'N02.421.585.666']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Knowledge of non-communicable diseases and practices related to healthy lifestyles among adolescents, in state schools of a selected educational division in Sri Lanka.
|
BACKGROUND: Behaviors established during the adolescence have life-long consequences to the onset of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life. Therefore, it is essential to understand adolescents' knowledge and practices with the intention of developing preventive programs focusing on this age group. The objective of the study was to assess knowledge about selected NCDs, and lifestyle choices among school students aged 17-19 years in state schools of the Maharagama Educational Division, Sri Lanka.METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among students aged 17-19 years attending state schools in Maharagama Education Division. A total of 634 students were selected from 9 schools conducting Advance Level classes. Stratified sampling was done based on stream of study and the number needed from each stratum was decided according to probability proportionate to size which was followed by cluster sampling within the strata to select the classes included. Data were collected using a self-administered-questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics and economic status; lifestyle-related practices; knowledge on Non-Communicable -Diseases. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations.RESULTS: Proportion students with good overall knowledge was 43%(n = 272). Forty-three percent (n = 275) consumed a healthy diet, and 20%(n = 129) engaged in adequate physical activity 3%(n = 18) of students were current smokers and 12%(n = 73) current alcohol users 12%(n = 73). Overall "good" knowledge about NCDs was associated with being a science stream student(OR = 3.3; 95%CI:2.1-5.2). Healthy diet was associated with female sex (OR = 2.1; 95%CI: 1.5-3.0), and adequate physical activity with male sex (OR = 2.1; 95% CI:1.4-3.2), non-science-stream (OR = 2.1; 95%CI:1.2-3.7) and upper socio economic status (OR = 2.0; 95%CI:1.3-3.0). Non-smoking was associated with overall good knowledge (OR = 4.1; 95%CI:1.2-13.7) and female sex (OR = 0;95%CI:1.5-infinity). Abstinence from alcohol was associated with being a female (OR = 6.9; 95%CI:3.4-13.9), and with mother and fathers' education level of > General-Certificate of Examinations Ordinary Level (GCE O/L) (OR = 2.9; 95%CI:1.1-8.4 and OR = 3.5; 95%CI:1.1-11.2 respectively).CONCLUSION: Knowledge about NCDs and healthy lifestyle-practices were poor among school students aged 17-19 years. Lack of knowledge about healthy and unhealthy behaviors highlights the importance of carrying out regular surveillance for NCD risk factors, and initiating programs for the prevention of NCDs amongst adolescents.
|
['Adolescent', 'Alcohol Drinking', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Health Behavior', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Healthy Lifestyle', 'Humans', 'Life Style', 'Male', 'Noncommunicable Diseases', 'Risk Factors', 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'Sri Lanka', 'Young Adult']
| 28,747,202
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['F01.145.317.269'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['G11.427.410.698.277', 'I03.350'], ['F01.145.488'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['F01.829.458.205'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.458'], ['C23.550.291.898'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['I01.880.853.996', 'N01.824'], ['Z01.252.245.840', 'Z01.639.520.875'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
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| 1
|
Preliminary trials using a macrocyclic lactone against psoroptic scabies of cattle.
|
A macrocyclic lactone, LL-F28249 alpha, C36H52O8, was evaluated as a one- or two-injection treatment in different formulations and concentrations against cattle infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering). One injection of 2 mg kg-1 or two injections of 1 mg kg-1 of 3% active material in either an aqueous or oil formulation failed to eliminate all of the mites. A single injection of 3 mg kg-1 as a 5% aqueous formulation eliminated all mites for 35 days post-injection. At lower dosages of the aqueous formulation (3%), the male mites appeared to be less susceptible to the acaricide than either the female or immature mites.
|
['Animals', 'Anti-Bacterial Agents', 'Cattle', 'Cattle Diseases', 'Female', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Insecticides', 'Macrolides', 'Male', 'Mite Infestations', 'Parasite Egg Count', 'Random Allocation']
| 2,316,174
|
[['B01.050'], ['D27.505.954.122.085'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['C22.196'], ['E02.319.267.530.620'], ['D27.720.031.700.491', 'D27.888.723.491'], ['D02.540.505', 'D02.540.576.500', 'D04.345.674.500'], ['C01.610.858.211.480'], ['E01.370.225.932.600', 'E05.200.932.600'], ['E05.318.370.700', 'E05.581.500.805', 'N05.715.360.325.675', 'N06.850.520.445.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
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Design and construction of a magnetic resonance compatible multi-injector gas jet delivery system.
|
We present the design, construction, and performance of a novel multi-injector gas jet delivery capable of operating in a magnetic resonance imaging environment. This apparatus is computer controlled and built with two separate pneumatic circuits enabling gas jet applications at variable sites through four independently activated injectors. Gas jet delivery is fully controllable in terms of pressure, flow rate, gas temperature, application time, and duration of interstimulus interval. We characterized these parameters, considering effects such as pressure drop by flow transport, transient effects, and delays in activation. The system offers new possibilities for use in various biomedical contexts such as, e.g., quantitative sensory testing or dental hypersensitivity assessment.
|
['Equipment Design', 'Equipment Failure Analysis', 'Flow Injection Analysis', 'Gases', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Microfluidics', 'Physical Stimulation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 18,248,053
|
[['E05.320'], ['E05.325.192'], ['E05.196.460'], ['D01.362'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['E05.830.666', 'H01.671.808.500', 'J01.897.520.500.500'], ['E05.723'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Ataxia in myxoedema: a neurophysiological reassessment.
|
In a long-standing case of myxoedema with ataxia and dysarthria, neurophysiological investigations were carried out to assess how much of the ataxic dysbasic syndrome depended on the slowness of mechanical contraction and how much resulted from primary cerebellar involvement. It was observed that the Achilles reflexogram showed a marked prolongation of contraction and relaxation time and that in both quadriceps and triceps surae mechanical percussion induced a marked myxoedema and prolonged relaxation time. The EMG of these muscles during voluntary contraction and stopping reaction detected an excessive recruitment of the antagonistic muscles, starting without any abnormal delay, a finding at variance with a typical cerebellar pattern. Post-urographic analysis gave a pattern of oscillations still within the normal range. These findings suggest that the gait alterations of our patient depended on the increase in muscle contraction time and the consequent excessive recruitment of the antagonists.
|
['Achilles Tendon', 'Action Potentials', 'Ataxia', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Isometric Contraction', 'Middle Aged', 'Myxedema', 'Reflex, Stretch', 'Thyroiditis, Autoimmune']
| 2,273,408
|
[['A02.880.176'], ['G04.580.100', 'G07.265.675.100', 'G11.561.570.100'], ['C10.597.350.090', 'C23.888.592.350.090'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['E01.370.405.255', 'E01.370.530.255'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G11.427.494.472'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C17.300.550.590', 'C19.874.482.638'], ['E01.370.376.550.650.700', 'E01.370.600.550.650.700', 'G11.561.731.768'], ['C19.874.871.102', 'C20.111.809']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
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| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
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ITI endosteal hollow cylinder implant systems.
|
The endosteal hollow cylinder implant systems have been in clinical use for over 10 years. These systems incorporate advanced sophisticated biomaterials and bioengineering design concepts such as the titanium plasma spray (TPS) surface coating as well as the cylindric shape. This shape has now introduced the third dimension to dental implantology. In previous systems, such as the blade-vent, only height and width were present. Therefore, these previous systems could not be used as single-tooth replacements; also, they were not able to withstand lateral forces or torquing. In a series of cases reported from Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, and the United States, 580 hollow cylinder implants were placed for up to 10 years with an overall rate of success of 95.3 per cent.
|
['Crowns', 'Dental Abutments', 'Dental Implantation, Endosseous', 'Denture Design', 'Denture Precision Attachment', 'Denture, Partial, Fixed', 'Humans', 'Mandible', 'Maxilla', 'Titanium']
| 3,514,289
|
[['E06.780.346.250', 'E07.695.190.088'], ['E06.780.346.500', 'E07.695.190.175'], ['E04.545.550.280.280', 'E04.650.230.500', 'E06.645.550.280.280', 'E06.780.314.310'], ['E06.780.346.760.300', 'E06.912.250'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.555', 'E07.695.190.200.220.245'], ['E06.780.346.760.943.271', 'E07.695.190.200.220.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632', 'A14.521.632'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.645', 'A14.521.645'], ['D01.268.557.800', 'D01.268.956.878', 'D01.552.547.800']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Single cell protein production of Euglena gracilis and carbon dioxide fixation in an innovative photo-bioreactor.
|
The biological fixation using microalgae has been known as an effective and economical carbon dioxide reduction technology. Carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation by microalgae has been shown to be effective and economical. Among various algae, a species Euglena gracilis was selected as it has advantages such as high protein content and high digestibility for animal feed. A kinetic model was studied in order to determine the relationship between specific growth rate and light intensity. The half-saturation constant for light intensity in the Monod model was 178.7 micromol photons/m2/s. The most favorable initial pH, temperature, and CO2 concentration were found to be 3.5, 27 degrees C, and 5-10% (vol/vol), respectively. Light intensity and hydraulic retention time were tested for effects on cell yield in a laboratory-scale photo-bioreactor of 100l working volume followed by semi-continuous and continuous culture. Subsequently, an innovative pilot-scale photo-bioreactor that used sunlight and flue gas was developed to increase production of this bioresource. The proposed pilot-scale reactor showed improved cell yield compared with the laboratory-scale reactor.
|
['Animals', 'Bioreactors', 'Carbon Dioxide', 'Euglena gracilis', 'Light', 'Photochemistry', 'Time Factors']
| 16,171,688
|
[['B01.050'], ['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['D01.200.200', 'D01.362.150', 'D01.650.550.200'], ['B01.268.250.320.418'], ['G01.358.500.505.650', 'G01.590.540', 'G01.750.250.650', 'G01.750.770.578'], ['H01.181.529.711'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Post mortem molecularly defined familial hypercholesterolemia and sudden cardiac death of young men.
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common single-gene diseases and is due to mutations of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. In heterozygous FH, serum LDL-cholesterol level is elevated two- to threefold compared to unaffected individuals, men in particular are prone to premature atherosclerosis and early cardiac deaths. However, very little data are available concerning the incidence of premature deaths in FH patients. In Finland two LDL receptor founder mutations cover two-thirds of FH cases, offering a unique possibility to study the potential role of FH in unexpected early cardiac deaths. We studied a total of 149 deceased who had suffered early (< or = 50 years) unexpected cardiac death due to coronary heart disease (CHD). Three individuals (2%) had molecularly defined heterozygous FH, and heterozygous FH was present in two (3%) of the 67 subjects who had demonstrable acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Considering that the two FH mutations cover two-thirds of FH cases in Finland, the overall prevalence of FH underlying early cardiac deaths caused by AMI may be estimated to be in the range 3 to 5%.
|
['Adult', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Disease', 'Death, Sudden, Cardiac', 'Finland', 'Heterozygote', 'Humans', 'Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II', 'Incidence', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Molecular Biology', 'Mutation', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'Receptors, LDL']
| 10,664,894
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C14.907.137.126'], ['D04.210.500.247.808.197.244', 'D10.532.515.500', 'D10.570.938.208.275', 'D12.776.521.550.500'], ['E05.318.372.500.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750'], ['C14.280.647.250', 'C14.907.585.250'], ['C14.280.383.220', 'C23.550.260.322.250'], ['Z01.542.816.186'], ['G05.380.383'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.398.481', 'C18.452.584.500.500.644.475', 'C18.452.648.398.481'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['H01.158.201.636', 'H01.158.273.343.595', 'H01.181.122.650'], ['G05.365.590'], ['C14.280.647.500', 'C14.907.585.500', 'C23.550.513.355.750', 'C23.550.717.489.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.710.450']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Identification and quantification of catecholamines in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum) by GC-MS.
|
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and normetanephrine were identified by GC-MS in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants, the latter was new for plants. The highest amount of catecholamines was found in leaves. A developmental stage dependent variation in potato leaf catecholamines accumulation was also observed with highest level in third leaves. Catecholamine contents decrease during cold storage of tubers to undetectable levels. Mechanical wounding of leaves led to a small increase in the level of catecholamines investigated.
|
['Catecholamines', 'Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry', 'Solanum tuberosum']
| 11,551,557
|
[['D02.092.311', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175'], ['E05.196.181.349.500', 'E05.196.566.500'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.908.500.725.777']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Con: Contrast-induced nephropathy-should we try to avoid contrast media in patients with chronic kidney disease?
|
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) attributed to iodinated contrast has been over-estimated and this has led clinicians to withhold potentially life-saving diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. There is mounting evidence that iodinated contrast plays only a minor role in the development of AKI in comparison with more significant risk factors such as pre-existing renal dysfunction, hemodynamic instability and exposure to nephrotoxic drugs. We will present data which challenge the dogma of avoiding iodinated contrast in patients with reduced renal function. Based on a rational and individualized risk-benefit analysis, we believe it is preferable to utilize iodinated contrast if alternate diagnostic or therapeutic options are comparatively ineffective or hazardous.
|
['Acute Kidney Injury', 'Contrast Media', 'Humans', 'Risk Factors']
| 29,868,835
|
[['C12.777.419.780.050', 'C13.351.968.419.780.050'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Independent recruitment of a flavin-dependent monooxygenase for safe accumulation of sequestered pyrrolizidine alkaloids in grasshoppers and moths.
|
Several insect lineages have developed diverse strategies to sequester toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from food-plants for their own defense. Here, we show that in two highly divergent insect taxa, the hemimetabolous grasshoppers and the holometabolous butterflies, an almost identical strategy evolved independently for safe accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. This strategy involves a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase that transfers the pyrrolizidine alkaloids to their respective N-oxide, enabling the insects to avoid high concentrations of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the hemolymph. We have identified a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase, which is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, of the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus. After heterologous expression in E. coli, this enzyme shows high specificity for pyrrolizidine alkaloids of various structural types and for the tropane alkaloid atropine as substrates, a property that has been described previously for a pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase of the arctiid moth Grammia geneura. Phylogenetic analyses of insect flavin-dependent monooxygenase sequences suggest that independent gene duplication events preceded the establishment of this specific enzyme in the lineages of the grasshoppers and of arctiid moths. Two further flavin-dependent monooxygenase sequences have been identified from Z. variegatus sharing amino acid identities of approximately 78% to the pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxygenase. After heterologous expression, both enzymes are also able to catalyze the N-oxygenation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, albeit with a 400-fold lower specific activity. With respect to the high sequence identity between the three Z. variegatus sequences this ability to N-oxygenize pyrrolizidine alkaloids is interpreted as a relict of a former bifunctional ancestor gene of which one of the gene copies optimized this activity for the specific adaptation to pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing food plants.
|
['Amino Acid Sequence', 'Animals', 'DNA, Complementary', 'Flavins', 'Grasshoppers', 'Kinetics', 'Mixed Function Oxygenases', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Moths', 'Phylogeny', 'Protein Binding', 'Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Sequence Homology, Amino Acid', 'Substrate Specificity']
| 22,363,737
|
[['G02.111.570.060', 'L01.453.245.667.060'], ['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308.497.220', 'D13.444.600.223.500', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223.260'], ['D03.633.100.733.315', 'D03.633.300.507', 'D08.211.474', 'D23.767.405'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.369'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D08.811.682.690.708'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.720.500.500.937.650'], ['G05.697', 'G16.075.605', 'L01.100.697'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['D03.132.716', 'D03.633.100.772'], ['D12.776.828'], ['G02.111.810.200', 'G05.810.200'], ['G02.111.835']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Robustness of individual differences in temporal interference effects.
|
Magnitudes or quantities of the different dimensions that define a stimulus (e.g., space, speed or numerosity) influence the perceived duration of that stimulus, a phenomenon known as (temporal) interference effects. This complicates studying the neurobiological foundation of the perception of time, as any signatures of temporal processing are tainted by interfering dimensions. In earlier work, in which judgements on either time or numerosity were made while EEG was recorded, we used Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to estimate, for each participant separately, the influence of temporal and numerical information on making duration or numerosity judgements. We found large individual differences in the estimated magnitudes, but ML-estimates allowed us to partial out interference effects. However, for such analyses, it is essential that estimates are meaningful and stable. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the reliability of the MLE procedure by comparing the interference magnitudes estimated in two sessions, spread a week apart. In addition to the standard paradigm, we also presented task variants in which the interfering dimension was manipulated, to assess which aspects of the numerosity dimension exert the largest influence on temporal processing. The results indicate that individual interference magnitudes are stable, both between sessions and over tasks. Further, the ML-estimates of the time-numerosity judgement tasks were predictive of performance in a standard temporal judgement task. Thus, how much temporal information participants use in time estimations tasks seems to be a stable trait that can be captured with the MLE procedure. ML-estimates are, however, not predictive of performance in other interference-tasks, here operationalized by a numerical Stroop task. Taken together, the MLE procedure is a reliable tool to quantify individual differences in magnitude interference effects and can therefore reliably inform the analysis of neuroimaging data when contrasts are needed between the accumulation of a temporal and an interfering dimension.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Judgment', 'Male', 'Mathematical Concepts', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Time Factors', 'Time Perception', 'Visual Perception', 'Young Adult']
| 30,107,001
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F02.463.785.626'], ['G17'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['G01.910.857'], ['F02.463.593.857'], ['F02.463.593.932'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Enhancing treatment of bipolar disorder using the patient's belief system.
|
OBJECTIVE: To report a patient with bipolar disorder in whom elements of the patient's belief system were used to foster acceptance of medication treatment.CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old white man with bipolar disorder began refusing prescribed divalproex sodium treatment. On consultation, the psychiatric pharmacist identified key elements of the patient's belief system and used this information in developing a plan to foster patient acceptance of lithium carbonate treatment.DISCUSSION: Noncompliance with treatment for bipolar disorder is common, and reluctance to accept initial pharmacotherapeutic intervention often occurs. There are many possible reasons for this phenomenon. Patients may not believe in pharmacotherapy and/or in its benefit, fear adverse reactions, or deny that they are ill. We report a patient in denial of his illness and believing that divalproex sodium was causing adverse effects. A psychiatric pharmacist consultant identified certain patient beliefs that were ultimately important in developing a treatment plan that was acceptable to the patient. The consultant, accompanied by a colleague, used persuasive technique in proposing treatment with the natural product lithium. The patient was discharged within 1 week of accepting the lithium therapy.CONCLUSIONS: When a patient refuses to accept needed treatment, it is important to carefully examine the reasons for this refusal, focusing on the patient's beliefs about the illness and the therapy. Intervention strategies can be developed, using this information, to foster treatment adherence and produce positive outcomes.
|
['Adult', 'Bipolar Disorder', 'Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice', 'Humans', 'Lithium Carbonate', 'Male', 'Patient Compliance', 'Patient Education as Topic', 'Valproic Acid']
| 12,659,613
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F03.084.500'], ['F01.100.150.500', 'N05.300.150.410'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.045.125.500', 'D01.200.275.150.550', 'D01.510.475'], ['F01.100.150.750.500.600', 'F01.145.488.887.500.600', 'N05.300.150.800.500.600'], ['I02.233.332.500', 'N02.421.726.407.680'], ['D02.241.081.944.509.900', 'D10.251.400.895.593.900']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
DXS165 detects a translocation breakpoint in a woman with choroideremia and a de novo X; 13 translocation.
|
The search for the gene for choroideremia (MIM 30310), a rare retinal dystrophy, has been of great interest due to the existence of several choroideremia patients with well-defined structural chromosome aberrations, thus providing the basis for a reverse genetics approach to the isolation of this disease gene. This report details our molecular studies of a woman with choroideremia and a de novo X; 13 translocation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using a contour-clamped homogeneous electric field apparatus has allowed detection of the translocation breakpoint with the anonymous DNA marker p1bD5 (DXS165) and the mapping of this probe to within 120 kb of the breakpoint. In addition, we have used this probe to isolate a clone (pCH4) from a 100-kb jumping library which has crossed a rare-cutting restriction site (XhoI) between DXS165 and the choroideremia gene and detects the translocation breakpoint using this enzyme. Although DXS165 lies within 120 kb of the breakpoint and Cremers et al. (1987, Clin. Genet. 32: 421-423; 1989, PNAS 86: 7510-7514) have detected deletions of DXS165 in 3 of 30 choroideremia probands, we have detected no deletions of this marker or of pCH4 in 42 unrelated probands with this retinal disease.
|
['Animals', 'Chromosome Aberrations', 'Chromosome Deletion', 'Chromosome Disorders', 'Chromosome Mapping', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13', 'DNA Probes', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Mice', 'Restriction Mapping', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'X Chromosome']
| 2,341,150
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.550.210', 'G05.365.590.175'], ['C23.550.210.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.029.530.175', 'G05.365.590.175.050.500.500', 'G05.365.590.762.180', 'G05.558.800.180', 'G05.700.131.500.500'], ['C16.131.260', 'C16.320.180'], ['E05.393.183'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.370.375', 'G05.360.162.520.300.370.375'], ['D13.444.600.223', 'D27.505.259.750.600.223', 'D27.720.470.530.600.223'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A11.251.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.393.183.620.650', 'E05.393.712'], ['C11.270.612', 'C11.768.585'], ['C23.550.210.870', 'G05.365.590.175.870', 'G05.558.860'], ['A11.284.187.865.982', 'G05.360.162.865.982']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Childhood abuse and EEG source localization in crack cocaine dependence.
|
Fourteen subjects with histories of sexual and/or physical abuse in childhood and 13 matched control subjects were selected from a consecutive series of clients in residential treatment for crack cocaine dependence. Standardized low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (sLORETA) was used to estimate the source generators of the EEG in a cortical mask with voxel z-scores referenced to normative data at frequency intervals of 039 Hz, with nonparametric permutation to correct by randomization for the number of comparisons and the intercorrelations and variance of distribution of voxel values. Subjects with histories of abuse in childhood had significantly greater EEG power than controls in the theta frequency range (3.51-7.41 Hz), with greatest differences in the 3.90-Hz band distributed mainly in the parahippocampal, fusiform, lingual, posterior cingulate, and insular gyri. The groups did not differ significantly with regard to delta (1.56-3.12 Hz), alpha (7.81-12.48 Hz), beta (12.87-19.89 Hz), and gamma (20.28-35.10 Hz) frequency power. In excess, theta EEG power, a bandwidth of transactions among hippocampus and amygdala and paralimbic and visual association cortex, may be a correlate of childhood exposure to abuse.
|
['Adult', 'Adult Survivors of Child Abuse', 'Brain Waves', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebral Cortex', 'Cocaine-Related Disorders', 'Crack Cocaine', 'Electroencephalography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Parahippocampal Gyrus', 'Theta Rhythm']
| 23,693,089
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.135.500', 'M01.860.300.500'], ['E01.370.376.300.150', 'E01.370.405.245.287', 'G07.265.087', 'G11.561.127'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500'], ['C25.775.300', 'F03.900.300'], ['D02.145.074.722.388.250', 'D03.132.889.354.250', 'D03.605.084.500.722.388.250', 'D03.605.869.388.250', 'D26.878.250'], ['E01.370.376.300', 'E01.370.405.245'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A08.186.211.180.590.750', 'A08.186.211.180.710', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.382.750'], ['E01.370.376.300.150.937', 'E01.370.405.245.287.937', 'G07.265.087.937', 'G11.561.127.937']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
[Dynamics, following axotomy, of the A1 and A2 median protocerebral neurosecretory cells of the African locust. I. Histophysiological study].
|
In the African locust, the secretory dynamics of the A1 and A2 median protocerebral neurosecretory cells (M-NSC) is evaluated by the product content and the gonadotropic action of these cells. The axotomy of the A1 and A2 M-NSC disturbes their secretory dynamics. The axonal regeneration, if it leads to a reconnexion with the corpora cardiaca (CC), restores a normal secretory dynamics of the M-NSC. Without reconnexion to the CC, the nervi corpori cardiaci interni (NCCI) do note regenerate or regenerate to form new nerve endings. In these cases, the secretory dynamics of the M-NSC remains more or less inhibited specially that of the A2 M-NSC which can be completely suppressed. A functional state of the A2 M-NSC could be necessary for the beginning of the vitellogenesis. In the CC, separated from the regenerating M-NSC, the A1 and A2 neurosecretory products are transformed into large globules which became intensively basophil before disappearance.
|
['Animals', 'Axons', 'Female', 'Gonadotropins', 'Grasshoppers', 'Histocytochemistry', 'Nerve Regeneration', 'Neurosecretory Systems', 'Ovary', 'Yolk Sac']
| 615,547
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.542.145', 'A11.284.180.075', 'A11.671.137', 'A11.671.501.145'], ['D06.472.699.322'], ['B01.050.500.131.617.678.369'], ['E01.370.225.500.607', 'E01.370.225.750.551', 'E05.200.500.607', 'E05.200.750.551', 'H01.158.100.656.234', 'H01.158.201.344', 'H01.181.122.573'], ['G11.561.585', 'G16.762.611'], ['A06.688', 'A08.713'], ['A05.360.319.114.630', 'A05.360.576.497', 'A06.300.312.497'], ['A10.615.284.981', 'A16.254.750.981', 'A16.331.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Quantitation of DNA and RNA in crude tissue extracts by flow injection analysis.
|
An automated two-dye flow injection analysis system to quantitate DNA and RNA in crude extracts of tissues is described. The method uses the fluorochrome dyes ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258. DNA concentration is determined directly from its fluorescence in Hoechst dye. RNA is estimated from fluorescence in ethidium bromide after subtraction of the fluorescence due to DNA. This method has several advantages: a simple extraction procedure, a low detection limit (0.01 micrograms DNA and 0.10 micrograms RNA), automation, and a high sample throughput.
|
['Animals', 'Autoanalysis', 'Bisbenzimidazole', 'Cattle', 'DNA', 'Ethidium', 'Indicators and Reagents', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Muscles', 'RNA', 'RNA, Fungal', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Salmon', 'Spectrometry, Fluorescence', 'Spermatozoa', 'Thymus Gland']
| 1,725,474
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.059'], ['D03.633.100.103.145'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['D13.444.308'], ['D03.633.300.633.416'], ['D27.720.470.410'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633', 'A10.690'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.500'], ['B01.300.107.795.785.800', 'B01.300.930.705.655'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.705'], ['E05.196.712.516.600.676', 'E05.196.867.726'], ['A05.360.490.890', 'A11.497.760'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Relationship between corneal dellen and tearfilm breakup time.
|
The BUT of 51 strabismus patients were measured before and after operation. The average pre-op BUT was 28.75 seconds (10.96"-91.80"). The post-op BUT in all operated eyes were reduced significantly, no matter what procedures had been performed and whether dellen appeared or not (P < 0.01). The BUT in the group complicated dellen reduced from 23.22" (pre-op) to 8.61" (post-op). The incidence of dellen was 22.54% in this study. The incidence of dellen after rectus resection procedure (47.75%) was much higher than that after rectus recession (5.13%) (P < 0.01). This study showed that dellen was closely related to the BUT and occurred more often in the eyes on which resection procedure was performed. It is considered that excessive lacrimation and elevation of the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus may disturb the stability of the precornea tearfilm and cause the tearfilm break up earlier. Local corneal dehydration and dellen formation may be caused by reduced BUT. The incidence of dellen after operation may be higher if the cornea was carefully observed.
|
['Corneal Diseases', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Strabismus', 'Tears', 'Time Factors']
| 1,843,130
|
[['C11.204'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.767'], ['C10.292.562.887', 'C11.590.810'], ['A12.200.882'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genetic control of resistance to Coccidioides immitis: a single gene that is expressed in spleen cells determines resistance.
|
We have previously reported that inbred mice vary widely in their resistance to Coccidioides immitis peritonitis. To investigate the number of genes controlling resistance, (susceptible X resistant)F1 X susceptible backcross mice were tested for resistance to infection. A 1:1 ratio of resistant:susceptible offspring was observed, which is consistent with a single dominant gene determining resistance. To find out whether this gene, which we designated Cms, is expressed in the immune and/or the inflammatory responses, radiation chimeras were constructed by transplanting spleen cells from the resistant F1 mice into the susceptible parental strain. These chimeras were consistently more resistant to infection than the susceptible parental strain. We concluded that resistance to C. immitis is determined primarily by a single gene, and that this gene is expressed by spleen cells.
|
['Animals', 'Coccidioides', 'Coccidioidomycosis', 'Female', 'Genes, Fungal', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred A', 'Mice, Inbred AKR', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Inbred CBA', 'Mice, Inbred DBA', 'Peritonitis', 'Radiation Chimera', 'Spleen']
| 3,998,472
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.300.381.230'], ['C01.150.703.203'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.364.500', 'G05.360.340.358.024.500', 'G05.360.340.358.365.500'], ['G12.450.564'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.300', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.300'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.318', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.318'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.440', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.440'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.500'], ['C01.463.600', 'C06.844.640'], ['B05.200.750.760', 'G12.470.500'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A comparison of two culturing methods for chronic wounds.
|
Bacterial infection has always been a potential complication of any wound. Controversy exists regarding the significance of bacteria in chronic wounds. It is important to accurately diagnose wound infection by bacterial identification and quantification in order to prevent unnecessary and/or inappropriate treatments and to minimize patient complications. The primary function of culturing is to identify infection in a wound. The tissue culture is an accepted standard for measuring infection, although swab cultures are commonplace in the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to test the differences in bacterial counts and identification in swab and tissue cultures taken from the same wound site of 10 chronic wounds. It was hypothesized that if swab and tissue cultures are equally effective in identifying and quantifying the organisms in a chronic wound, they are equally effective methods in determining infection in the chronic wound. The reliability, validity and limitations of the study are discussed, as well as the statistical analyses and results.
|
['Bacterial Infections', 'Bacteriological Techniques', 'Chronic Disease', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Humans', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Specimen Handling']
| 9,205,389
|
[['C01.150.252'], ['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['C23.550.291.500'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['C17.800.893'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Biomechanical properties of the mid-shaft femur in middle-aged hypophysectomized rats as assessed by bending test.
|
Both stiffness and strength of bones are thought to be controlled by the "bone mechanostat". Its natural stimuli would be the strains of bone tissue (sensed by osteocytes) that are induced by both gravitational forces (body weight) and contraction of regional muscles. Body weight and muscle mass increase with age. Biomechanical performance of load-bearing bones must adapt to these growth-induced changes. Hypophysectomy in the rat slows the rate of body growth. With time, a great difference in body size is established between a hypophysectomized rat and its age-matched control, which makes it difficult to establish the real effect of pituitary ablation on bone biomechanics. The purpose of the present investigation was to compare mid-shaft femoral mechanical properties between hypophysectomized and weight-matched normal rats, which will show similar sizes and thus will be exposed to similar habitual loads. Two groups of 10 female rats each (H and C) were established. H rats were 12-month-old that had been hypophysectomized 11 months before. C rats were 2.5-month-old normals. Right femur mechanical properties were tested in 3-point bending. Structural (load-bearing capacity and stiffness), geometric (cross-sectional area, cortical sectional area, and moment of inertia), and material (modulus of elasticity and maximum elastic stress) properties were evaluated. The left femur was ashed for calcium content. Comparisons between parameters were performed by the Student's t test. Average body weight, body length, femur weight, femur length, and gastrocnemius weight were not significantly different between H and C rats. Calcium content in ashes was significantly higher in H than in C rats. Cross-sectional area, medullary area, and cross-sectional moment of inertia were higher in C rats, whereas cortical area did not differ between groups. Structural properties (diaphyseal stiffness, elastic limit, and load at fracture) were about four times higher in hypophysectomized rats, as were the bone material stiffness or Young's modulus and the maximal elastic stress (about 7?). The femur obtained from a middle-aged H rat was stronger and stiffer than the femur obtained from a young-adult C rat, both specimens showing similar size and bone mass and almost equal geometric properties. The higher than normal structural properties shown by the hypophysectomized femur were entirely due to changes in the intrinsic properties of the bone; it was thus stronger at the tissue level. The change of the femoral bone tissue was associated with a high mineral content and an unusual high modulus of elasticity and was probably due to a diminished bone and collagen turnover.
|
['Aging', 'Animals', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Diaphyses', 'Elastic Modulus', 'Female', 'Femur', 'Hypophysectomy', 'Minerals', 'Pituitary Gland', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Weight Gain', 'Weight-Bearing']
| 22,302,681
|
[['G07.345.124'], ['B01.050'], ['G01.154.090', 'G01.374.089'], ['A02.835.232.169'], ['G01.374.590.605'], ['A02.835.232.043.150'], ['E04.270.532', 'E04.525.400'], ['D01.578'], ['A06.300.747', 'A06.688.357.750', 'A08.186.211.180.497.352.435.500', 'A08.186.211.200.317.357.352.435.500', 'A08.713.357.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.750'], ['C23.888.144.243.926', 'G07.345.249.314.120.200.926'], ['G01.374.965']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Pulmonary vascular response to live Escherichia coli: influences of different antiplatelet substances.
|
The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment with drugs that interfere with platelet functions in different ways could modify the pulmonary vascular response in a porcine septic shock model. Septic shock was induced by i.v. infusion of live Escherichia coli bacteria. Bacteriemic animals were divided into five groups: untreated or pretreated with a thromboxane-A2 synthetase inhibitor (UK 38 485), a serotonin-receptor antagonist (ketanserin), a combination of these two drugs, or a platelet antiaggregating drug (dipyridamole). E. coli induced significant pulmonary hemodynamic and respiratory changes. The pulmonary responses to E. coli infusion were attenuated after pretreatment with UK 38 485 but unaffected by prior administration of ketanserin or dipyridamole. The combined pretreatment did not attenuate the pulmonary hypertension or other pulmonary responses to E. coli more than UK 38 485 alone. Dipyridamole did not alter the pulmonary circulation after bacterial infusion. It was concluded that thromboxane-A2 is an important, but not the only, mediator of the pulmonary vascular response in septic-shocked pigs and that factors such as serotonin and platelet aggregability seem to be of minor, if any, importance for the hemodynamic response.
|
['Animals', 'Blood Platelets', 'Dipyridamole', 'Escherichia coli Infections', 'Female', 'Imidazoles', 'Ketanserin', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Circulation', 'Shock, Septic', 'Swine']
| 3,297,380
|
[['B01.050'], ['A11.118.188', 'A15.145.229.188'], ['D03.383.742.175'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.330'], ['D03.383.129.308'], ['D03.383.621.365', 'D03.633.100.786.830.333'], ['G09.330.100.770', 'G09.772.593'], ['C01.757.800', 'C23.550.470.790.500.800', 'C23.550.835.900.712'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.880']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cardiovascular risk in Hispanic and non-Hispanic preschoolers.
|
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States for both men and women among all racial and ethnic groups. Identifying risk factors early in life can facilitate use of preventive strategies to reduce risk and improve health status across the life span.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify modifiable (tobacco smoke exposure, physical inactivity, dietary fat intake, overweight, and high blood pressure [BP]) and nonmodifiable (family history, gender, and age) cardiovascular risk factors in low-income preschool children.METHODS: Low-income preschool children (N = 205) 3-5 years old were recruited to participate. Parents completed a multigenerational cardiovascular health history form and a 24-hour dietary recall for themselves and their child. The children's height, weight, and BP were obtained.RESULTS: Of the 205 children, 61% reported ethnicity as Latino or Hispanic, 31.7% non-Hispanic White, 1% non-Hispanic Black, 3.9% Asian, and 2.4% mixed race. The number of males (50.7%) and females (49.3%) was similar. Only 22 (10.7%) children had no identified cardiovascular risk factors. At least one modifiable risk factor was present in 179 (87.3%) children. Fifty-two (25.5%) children had a body mass index (BMI) > or = 85th percentile for gender and age; 44 (22.3%) had a systolic or diastolic BP over the 90th percentile for gender, age, and height; 128 (66.3%) had a dietary fat intake of > 30%; 77 (37.6%) watched TV or played video games more than 2 hr/day; and 48 (23.4%) were exposed to passive tobacco smoke.DISCUSSION: The identification of cardiovascular risk factors in almost 90% of presumably healthy preschoolers provides evidence to support testing of interventions that can improve health behaviors and reduce risks.
|
['Anthropometry', 'Cardiovascular Diseases', 'Child, Preschool', 'Colorado', 'Family', 'Female', 'Health Education', 'Hispanic Americans', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Poverty', 'Risk Factors']
| 16,708,041
|
[['E01.370.600.024', 'E05.041', 'N06.850.505.200.100'], ['C14'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['Z01.107.567.875.760.210'], ['F01.829.263', 'I01.880.853.150'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['M01.686.754.441'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.880.735.634', 'I01.880.853.996.535', 'N01.824.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Intra-operative cardiac arrest--a tropical experience.
|
In order to determine the pattern of intra-operative cardiac arrests in a developing country, we reviewed 40 consecutives cases of cardiac arrests at the Jos University Teaching Hospital between January 1993 and December 1997. During this period 15,060 minor cases and 9800 medium/major surgical procedures were performed and an arrest rate of 1:15,060 for minor cases and 1:251 for medium/major cases were obtained. The age ranged between one day and 65 years with a mean of 29.8 years and a male/female ratio of 1:1.3 as there were 18 males and 22 females. Twenty-five (62.5%) arrests occurred outside work hours while fifteen (37.5%) cases arrested during work hours. The surgical procedures with high arrest rates in this study were: emergency laparotomy 8 (20%), emergency caesarian sections 7 (17.5%), thoracotomy 6(15%), emergency craniotomy 5(12.5%), emergency hysterectomy 4(10%) and therapeutic bronchoscopy for foreign bodies in the airway 4(10%). The arrests occurred in 30(75%) emergency procedures as opposed to 10(25%) elective cases. Only in 3 out of the 18, 318 day case procedures did the patients arrest. One patient arrested during local infiltration of lignocaine while the other 39(97.5%) arrested under general anaesthesia. There was no arrest with spinal anaesthesia. The predisposing factors for a patient to arrest on the operating table in our environment include emergency major surgery, poor risk patients with ASA 111 and above, surgery performed outside work hours, under general anaesthesia administered by nurse anaesthetists or junior anaesthetic residents. The success rate at resuscitation is highest with patients with ASA 1 & 11, operations performed during work hours and by senior surgeons and anaesthetists.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Bronchoscopy', 'Cesarean Section', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Craniotomy', 'Developing Countries', 'Emergencies', 'Female', 'Heart Arrest', 'Hospitals, University', 'Humans', 'Hysterectomy', 'Incidence', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Laparotomy', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nigeria', 'Population Surveillance', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Thoracotomy', 'Time Factors', 'Tropical Medicine']
| 11,391,840
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['E01.370.386.105', 'E01.370.388.250.100', 'E04.502.250.100', 'E04.928.600.080'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E04.525.190'], ['I01.615.500.300'], ['C23.550.291.781', 'N06.230.100.083', 'N06.850.376'], ['C14.280.383'], ['N02.278.020.300.310', 'N02.278.421.639.725'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.950.300.399'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.375', 'N01.224.935.597.500', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.375', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.375'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['C23.550.505'], ['E04.406'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['Z01.058.290.190.565'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.700', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.625', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.700', 'N06.850.780.675'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.725', 'N05.715.350.200.700', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.700', 'N06.850.490.625.750', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.725'], ['E04.928.760'], ['G01.910.857'], ['H02.403.879']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Can the leukocyte`s parameters in peripheral blood smear predict risk of in-hospital death of patients undergoing high-risk gastrointestinal surgery?
|
INTRODUCTION: White blood cell (WBC) count constitutes a part of routine peripheral blood examination (FBC, full blood count). Precise analysis of leukocytes' parameters in blood smear is usually performed only when leukopenia or leukocytosis is found. We aimed to assess the usefulness of leukocytes' smear test in predicting in-hospital death of patients undergoing high-risk gastrointestinal (GI) surgery. Materials & Methods. We prospectively enrolled 101 subjects undergoing high-risk GI surgery from 01.01.2017 till 31.12.2017. Blood tests were performed preoperatively, with analysis focused on the assessment of total WBC count, as well as the count of neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS) and basophils (BASO). Indices of NEUT/LYM (NLR) and MONO/LYM (MLR) were calculated. In-hospital mortality was considered the outcome.RESULTS: Mortality reached 5%. There was no significant difference in WBC count between survivors and the deceased (p=0.2) and WBC failed to predict the outcome (AUC=0.69; p=0.3). MONO (p=0.009) and BASO (p=0.02) counts, as well as MLR (p=0.007) were significantly higher in patients who died. MONO count and MLR index predicted in-hospital death with good accuracy, respectively: AUC[MONO]=0.85 (p<0.001) and AUC[MLR]=0.86 (p<0.001). Other investigated parameters played no significant role in outcome prediction.CONCLUSION: Routine peripheral blood smear evaluation should be considered in all patients undergoing high-risk GI surgery, because the number of monocytes can be a valuable predictor of in-hospital death.
|
['Aged', 'Digestive System Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Leukocyte Count', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Risk Assessment']
| 30,919,812
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E04.210'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.225.500.195.107.595', 'E01.370.225.625.107.595', 'E05.200.500.195.107.595', 'E05.200.625.107.595', 'E05.242.195.107.595', 'G04.140.107.595', 'G09.188.105.595'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Postpartum pulmonary embolectomy; a surgical challenge and favourable outcome.
|
A 23-year-old female underwent uneventful caesarian section, which was followed by massive pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolectomy on cardiopulmonary bypass was performed, and was complicated by massive intraabdominal haemorrhage due to a hepatic subcapsular rupture. To our knowledge, this is the first surgically orientated case of postpartum pulmonary embolectomy to be reported in the literature.
|
['Adult', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Cesarean Section', 'Embolectomy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Liver Diseases', 'Pregnancy', 'Puerperal Disorders', 'Pulmonary Embolism', 'Rupture, Spontaneous', 'Treatment Outcome']
| 9,089,974
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['E04.292.413'], ['E04.520.252.500'], ['E04.100.814.445'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C06.552'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['C13.703.844'], ['C08.381.746', 'C14.907.355.350.700'], ['C23.300.909'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Trace Metal Levels in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Net Cages in a Reservoir and Evaluation of Human Health Risks from Consumption.
|
Although fish consumption has positive health effects, metals accumulated in fish can cause human health risks. In this study, the levels of ten metals in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in the Keban Dam Reservoir, which has the biggest rainbow trout production capacity in Turkey, were determined and compared with the maximum permissible levels (MPLs). Also, human health risks associated with rainbow trout consumption were assessed. The metal concentrations in rainbow trout were found below the MPLs. The estimated daily intake of each metal was much lower than the respective tolerable daily intake. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and total THQ for combined metals did not exceed 1, indicating no health risk for consumers. The cancer risk (CR) value for inorganic arsenic was within the acceptable lifetime risk range of 10-6 and 10-4. For carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, the maximum allowable fish consumption rates were high enough to ensure the human health. According to these results, the consumption of rainbow trout farmed in the Keban Dam Reservoir does not pose a risk on human health.
|
['Animals', 'Arsenic', 'Food Contamination', 'Humans', 'Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'Risk Assessment', 'Turkey', 'Water Pollutants, Chemical']
| 28,929,460
|
[['B01.050'], ['D01.268.513.249'], ['J01.576.423.850.730.500.249', 'N06.850.460.400', 'N06.850.601.500.249'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.493.817.750.825.580.600'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['Z01.252.245.500.850'], ['D27.888.284.903.655']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
The mitochondrial genome of Malus domestica and the import-driven hypothesis of mitochondrial genome expansion in seed plants.
|
Mitochondrial genomes of spermatophytes are the largest of all organellar genomes. Their large size has been attributed to various factors; however, the relative contribution of these factors to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) expansion remains undetermined. We estimated their relative contribution in Malus domestica (apple). The mitochondrial genome of apple has a size of 396 947 bp and a one to nine ratio of coding to non-coding DNA, close to the corresponding average values for angiosperms. We determined that 71.5% of the apple mtDNA sequence was highly similar to sequences of its nuclear DNA. Using nuclear gene exons, nuclear transposable elements and chloroplast DNA as markers of promiscuous DNA content in mtDNA, we estimated that approximately 20% of the apple mtDNA consisted of DNA sequences imported from other cell compartments, mostly from the nucleus. Similar marker-based estimates of promiscuous DNA content in the mitochondrial genomes of other species ranged between 21.2 and 25.3% of the total mtDNA length for grape, between 23.1 and 38.6% for rice, and between 47.1 and 78.4% for maize. All these estimates are conservative, because they underestimate the import of non-functional DNA. We propose that the import of promiscuous DNA is a core mechanism for mtDNA size expansion in seed plants. In apple, maize and grape this mechanism contributed far more to genome expansion than did homologous recombination. In rice the estimated contribution of both mechanisms was found to be similar.
|
['Cell Nucleus', 'DNA, Chloroplast', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Evolution, Molecular', 'Exons', 'Genome, Mitochondrial', 'Genome, Plant', 'Magnoliopsida', 'Malus', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Plant Viruses', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Seeds']
| 22,469,001
|
[['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D13.444.308.283.170', 'D13.444.308.435.275'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['G05.045.250', 'G16.075.250'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.137.232'], ['G05.360.340.360'], ['G05.360.340.365'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.937.500.444'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['B04.715'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['G02.111.570.080.708', 'G05.360.080.708'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Modeling spatial patterns of traffic-related air pollutants in complex urban terrain.
|
BACKGROUND: The relationship between traffic emissions and mobile-source air pollutant concentrations is highly variable over space and time and therefore difficult to model accurately, especially in urban settings with complex terrain. Regression-based approaches using continuous real-time mobile measurements may be able to characterize spatiotemporal variability in traffic-related pollutant concentrations but require methods to incorporate temporally varying meteorology and source strength in a physically interpretable fashion.OBJECTIVE: We developed a statistical model to assess the joint impact of both meteorology and traffic on measured concentrations of mobile-source air pollutants over space and time.METHODS: In this study, traffic-related air pollutants were continuously measured in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York (USA), which is affected by traffic on a large bridge and major highway. One-minute average concentrations of ultrafine particulate matter (UFP), fine particulate matter [? 2.5 ìm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)], and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured using a mobile-monitoring protocol. Regression modeling approaches to quantify the influence of meteorology, traffic volume, and proximity to major roadways on pollutant concentrations were used. These models incorporated techniques to capture spatial variability, long- and short-term temporal trends, and multiple sources.RESULTS: We observed spatial heterogeneity of both UFP and PM2.5 concentrations. A variety of statistical methods consistently found a 15-20% decrease in UFP concentrations within the first 100 m from each of the two major roadways. For PM2.5, temporal variability dominated spatial variability, but we observed a consistent linear decrease in concentrations from the roadways.CONCLUSIONS: The combination of mobile monitoring and regression analysis was able to quantify local source contributions relative to background while accounting for physically interpretable parameters. Our results provide insight into urban exposure gradients.
|
['Air Pollutants', 'Environmental Monitoring', 'Models, Statistical', 'New York City', 'Particulate Matter', 'Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons', 'Vehicle Emissions']
| 21,262,596
|
[['D27.888.284.101'], ['N06.850.460.350.080', 'N06.850.780.375'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['Z01.107.567.875.350.530.530', 'Z01.107.567.875.500.530.530', 'Z01.433.741'], ['D20.633'], ['D02.455.426.559.847', 'D04.615'], ['D20.832']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Immunoreactivity for S-100 protein in dendritic and in lymphocyte-like cells in human lymphoid tissues.
|
S-100 protein is an immunohistochemical marker for a subset of dendritic cells, the interdigitating reticulum cells (IDRCs), which are mainly located in T-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues. In the present study we have investigated the distribution of S-100-positive cells in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and peripheral blood of normal subjects. Immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was demonstrated in large cells with dendritic morphology and in small lymphocyte-like cells present in the lymph node paracortex, thymic medulla, splenic periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) and in peripheral blood. S-100-positive lymphocyte-like cells were frequently detected around high endothelial venules (HEV) and were present in numbers comparable to those of S-100-positive IDRCs. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the existence of positive cells with lymphoid morphology and revealed that the intracellular distribution of the immunoreaction product was similar in lymphoid and dendritic cells. Further characterization of S-100-positive cells demonstrated that both lymphoid and dendritic cells were unreactive with a large panel of monocytic and macrophage markers.
|
['Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte', 'Antigens, Surface', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphocytes', 'Lymphoid Tissue', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'S100 Proteins', 'Spleen', 'Thymus Gland']
| 2,878,529
|
[['D23.050.301.264.894', 'D23.101.100.894'], ['D23.050.301'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566.350', 'E05.478.583.400', 'E05.601.470.350'], ['A10.549.400', 'A15.382.520.604.412'], ['A11.118.637.555.567', 'A15.145.229.637.555.567', 'A15.382.490.555.567'], ['A10.549', 'A15.382.520.604'], ['E01.370.350.515.402', 'E05.595.402'], ['D12.776.157.125.750', 'D12.776.631.655'], ['A10.549.700', 'A15.382.520.604.700'], ['A10.549.750', 'A15.382.520.604.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer into lung cancer cells promoting CD40 ligand-based immunotherapy.
|
Expression of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) on tumors can activate host immune systems and produce antitumor effects against the tumors. To deliver the CD40L gene efficiently, we evaluated the efficiency of transduction of different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in lung cancer A549 cells and compared the transduction efficiency of a conventional AAV vector with that of self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors as well. We determined that serotype AAV2/5 transduced A549 cells much more efficiently than serotypes AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/6, AAV2/7, AAV2/8, AAV2/9 and AAV2/10. And the transduction efficiency of scAAV2/5 was significantly higher than conventional AAV2/5. Furthermore, pre-treatment with carboplatin, which is a chemotherapeutic agent used in lung cancer chemotherapy, substantially increased AAV-mediated transgene expression. The scAAV2/5 vectors encoding human CD40L were used to tranduce CD40L into A549 cells, which were then co-cultivated with immature human dendritic cells (DCs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) that was released was measured in the culture supernatant. Specificity of the immunostimulatory effect of CD40L was confirmed by blocking with a monoclonal antibody binding to human CD40L. The in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated in BALB/c nude mice bearing A549 lung cancer. scAAV2/5-CD40L showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of transplanted tumor cells as compared with control group. These studies suggest that recombinant AAV2/5-CD40L may provide an effective form of therapy for lung cancer.
|
['Animals', 'CD40 Antigens', 'CD40 Ligand', 'Carcinoma', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Dendritic Cells', 'Dependovirus', 'Female', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Immunotherapy', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Mice, Nude', 'Serotyping', 'Transduction, Genetic', 'Transgenes']
| 17,675,129
|
[['B01.050'], ['D12.776.465.750', 'D12.776.543.750.705.852.760.097', 'D23.050.301.264.051.140', 'D23.101.100.150.140'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.124', 'D12.776.395.550.185', 'D12.776.467.374.750.124', 'D12.776.543.550.198', 'D23.529.374.750.124'], ['C04.557.470.200'], ['A11.251.210.190', 'A11.251.860.180'], ['A11.066.270', 'A11.436.270', 'A15.382.066.270', 'A15.382.670.260'], ['B04.280.580.650.170'], ['G05.360.337'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.095.465.425'], ['C04.588.894.797.520', 'C08.381.540', 'C08.785.520'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.338', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.338'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.500'], ['E01.370.225.812.742', 'E01.370.225.875.150.125.890', 'E05.200.812.742', 'E05.200.875.150.125.890', 'E05.478.594.780'], ['E05.393.350.800', 'G05.728.850'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.825']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A propensity-score matched analysis of limb salvage vs amputation for osteosarcoma.
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With recent advances in chemotherapy and surgical techniques, the trend in the treatment of osteosarcoma continues to progress towards limb salvage. However, studies comparing limb salvage with amputation continue to be limited by selection bias and small sample sizes. This study utilized propensity-score matching to minimize potential confounders and selection bias to compare the survival rates in patients with osteosarcoma that were treated with amputation vs limb salvage surgery.METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program was utilized to identify all patients with a diagnosis of extremity osteosarcoma. Patients were matched with demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment information. These variables were then fitted in a multivariate model and hazard ratios (HR) for overall- and disease-specific mortality was calculated.RESULTS: A total of 4107 patients were identified, of which, 1538 were left after propensity-score matching. Older age, Black race, upper extremity location, and higher American joint committee on cancer (AJCC) class were associated with worse overall- and disease-specific mortality rates (P ? .0389). Compared with their matched counterparts, patients treated with amputation had higher overall mortality (HR 1.677; P < .0001) and higher disease-specific mortality (HR 1.678; P < .0001).CONCLUSION: Patients whose tumor characteristics preclude limb salvage have significantly higher overall- and disease-specific mortality rates.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Amputation', 'Bone Neoplasms', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Limb Salvage', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteosarcoma', 'Prognosis', 'Propensity Score', 'Retrospective Studies', 'SEER Program', 'Salvage Therapy', 'Survival Rate', 'Young Adult']
| 31,486,107
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E04.555.080'], ['C04.588.149', 'C05.116.231'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.703'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['E04.100.814.603', 'E04.555.400', 'E04.680.350'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.450.565.575.650', 'C04.557.450.795.620'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.740.600.675', 'N05.715.360.750.625.620', 'N06.850.520.830.600.650'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['E05.318.308.970.725', 'N04.452.859.819.725', 'N05.715.360.300.715.700.725', 'N06.850.520.308.970.725'], ['E02.895'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Linkage between blood coagulation and inflammation: stimulation of neutrophil tissue kallikrein by thrombin.
|
There has been major interest in the potential interaction between blood coagulation and inflammation. Most of the effort has focused on cellular interactions involving platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS). The recent discovery of tissue kallikrein(TK) activity in PMNs prompted the study of the possible role of thrombin(IIa) in this process. Human PMNs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Human IIa was compared with fMLP with respect to chemotaxis and enzyme release. Results from the challenges by IIa and fMLP were compared to a NaCl control using Student's paired t-test. IIa was a potent chemotactic agent for PMNs (p less than or equal to 0.0121) and stimulated the release of TK (p less than or equal to 0.0001) as determined by hydrolysis of S-2266. FMLP significantly stimulated PMN chemotaxis (p less than or equal to 0.0028) but had no effect on TK release. Release of TK was confirmed by Western Blot analysis and 35S-methionine incorporation into a 35 KD protein after IIa challenge. These results demonstrate that IIa is chemotactic for PMNs and can cause release of tissue kallikrein demonstrating a direct role for blood coagulation in the regulation of the inflammatory response.
|
['Blood Coagulation', 'Chemotaxis, Leukocyte', 'Humans', 'Inflammation', 'Kallikreins', 'Kinetics', 'N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine', 'Neutrophils', 'Thrombin', 'Tissue Kallikreins']
| 2,018,525
|
[['G09.188.390.150'], ['G04.198.424.233'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C23.550.470'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442', 'D12.776.124.125.597', 'D23.119.597'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['D02.886.030.676.450.440', 'D12.125.072.050.685.445', 'D12.125.142.666.500', 'D12.125.166.676.450.440', 'D12.644.456.400', 'D23.125.685'], ['A11.118.637.415.583', 'A11.627.340.583', 'A11.733.689', 'A15.145.229.637.415.583', 'A15.382.490.315.583', 'A15.382.680.689'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.855', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.855', 'D12.776.124.125.890', 'D23.119.960'], ['D08.811.277.656.300.760.442.875', 'D08.811.277.656.959.350.442.875', 'D23.101.140.870']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
B cell-activating factor: its clinical significance in multiple myeloma patients.
|
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is a cytokine that plays a major role in the maintenance of normal B-cell development and homeostasis. It has been suggested that in multiple myeloma (MM) it might have regulatory effects on the proliferation and viability of malignant plasma cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of BAFF in 52 newly diagnosed MM patients, with varying disease severity, in order to see the correlations between BAFF and indices of MM activity, such as interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-2 microglobulin, and to explore the clinical significance of BAFF in predicting the disease activity of MM. We found increased BAFF serum levels in MM patients, increased in advanced stages, and decreased in plateau phase. We also found significant correlations between BAFF serum levels with the above parameters of disease activity. We conclude that BAFF may play an important role in pathogenesis of MM, could be used as a marker of disease activity, and a possible therapeutic target.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols', 'B-Cell Activating Factor', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Kaplan-Meier Estimate', 'L-Lactate Dehydrogenase', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Myeloma', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'beta 2-Microglobulin']
| 22,526,370
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['E02.183.750.500', 'E02.319.077.500', 'E02.319.310.037'], ['D12.644.276.374.750.061', 'D12.776.395.191', 'D12.776.467.374.750.061', 'D12.776.543.550.193', 'D23.529.374.750.061'], ['D12.776.034.145', 'D12.776.124.050.120', 'D12.776.124.486.157'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['E05.318.740.998.650', 'N05.715.360.750.795.650', 'N06.850.520.830.998.650'], ['D08.811.682.047.551.400', 'D08.811.682.047.820.493'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C04.557.595.500', 'C14.907.454.460', 'C15.378.147.780.650', 'C15.378.463.515.460', 'C20.683.515.845', 'C20.683.780.650'], ['D12.776.624'], ['E01.789'], ['D12.776.124.790.223.100', 'D12.776.377.715.182.100', 'D12.776.395.550.489.100', 'D12.776.543.550.439.100', 'D23.050.301.500.100.175', 'D23.050.705.552.100.175']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Culture of in vitro produced bovine zygotes in vitro vs in vivo: implications for early embryo development and quality.
|
The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of culture system on bovine blastocyst formation rates and quality. Presumptive IVM/IVF bovine zygotes were cultured either in vitro in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF, 25 embryos/25 microL in 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2 at 39 degrees C) or in vivo in the ewe oviduct (approximately 100 embryos per oviduct). The recovery rate after in vivo culture was 53% (813/1,530). The blastocyst rate on Day 7 was significantly higher for the in vitro system (28%, 362/1,278 vs 17%, 37/813; P< 0.0001). However, after culture in vitro for a further 24 h, there was no difference in Day 8 yields (36%, 457/1,278 vs 32%, 258/813, for in vitro and in vivo culture, respectively). There was no difference in blastocyst cell number between treatments (Day 7: 96 vs 103; Day 8: 78 vs 85 for in vitro and in vivo culture, respectively). Irrespective of culture system, Day 7 blastocysts had a significantly higher cell number than those appearing on Day 8. There was no difference in pregnancy rate at Day 35 after fresh transfer of a single Day 7 blastocyst (37.5%, 21/56 vs 45.3%/, 24/53 for in vitro and in vivo culture, respectively). After cryopreservation by freezing in 10% glycerol, VS3a vitrification or solid surface vitrification, the survival of in vitro cultured embryos was significantly lower than survival of embryos cultured in the ewe oviduct or those produced by superovulation of donors. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that while bovine zygotes cultured in vitro are capable of rates of development similar to those of their in vivo cultured counterparts (in terms of Day 8 blastocyst yield, cell number and early pregnancy rate), there are significant differences in embryo cryosurvival. This suggests that current in vitro culture systems need to be improved to optimize embryo quality and pregnancy rates.
|
['Animals', 'Blastocyst', 'Cattle', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cloprostenol', 'Cryopreservation', 'Cryoprotective Agents', 'Embryo Transfer', 'Embryonic and Fetal Development', 'Fallopian Tubes', 'Female', 'Fertilization in Vitro', 'Glycerol', 'Gonadotropins', 'Male', 'Pregnancy', 'Sheep', 'Zygote']
| 11,101,029
|
[['B01.050'], ['A16.254.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['E01.370.225.500.223', 'E05.200.500.265', 'E05.242.223', 'E05.481.500.249'], ['D10.251.355.255.550.775.500.175', 'D23.469.050.175.725.775.500.175', 'D23.469.700.670.175'], ['E01.370.225.500.620.760.160', 'E01.370.225.750.600.760.160', 'E02.792.156', 'E05.200.500.620.760.160', 'E05.200.750.600.760.160', 'E05.760.156'], ['D27.505.696.706.320', 'D27.720.799.180'], ['E02.875.800.500', 'E05.820.800.500'], ['G07.345.500.325', 'G08.686.784.170'], ['A05.360.319.114.373', 'A13.706.500'], ['E02.875.800.750', 'E05.820.800.750'], ['D02.033.800.875.500', 'D09.853.875.500'], ['D06.472.699.322'], ['G08.686.784.769'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['A05.360.490.690.970', 'A11.497.497.950', 'A16.950']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Scaling up of HIV treatment for men who have sex with men in Bangkok: a modelling and costing study.
|
BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bangkok, little investment in HIV prevention for MSM has been made. HIV testing and treatment coverage remains low. Through a pragmatic programme-planning approach, we assess possible service linkage and provision of HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART) to MSM in Bangkok, and the most cost-effective scale-up strategy.METHODS: We obtained epidemiological and service capacity data from the Thai National Health Security Office database for 2011. We surveyed 13 representative medical facilities for detailed operational costs of HIV-related services for sexually active MSM (defined as having sex with men in the past 12 months) in metropolitan Bangkok. We estimated the costs of various ART scale-up scenarios, accounting for geographical accessibility across Bangkok. We used an HIV transmission population-based model to assess the cost-effectiveness of the scenarios.FINDINGS: For present HIV testing (23% [95% CI 17-36] of MSM at high risk in 2011) and ART provision (20% of treatment-eligible MSM at high risk on ART in 2011) to be sustained, a US$73·8 million ($51·0 million to $97·0 million) investment during the next decade would be needed, which would link an extra 43,000 (27,900-58,000) MSM at high risk to HIV testing and 5100 (3500-6700) to ART, achieving an ART coverage of 44% for MSM at high risk in 2022. An additional $55·3 million investment would link an extra 46,700 (30,300-63,200) MSM to HIV testing and 12,600 (8800-16,600) to ART, achieving universal ART coverage of this population by 2022. This increased investment is achievable within present infrastructure capacity. Consequently, an estimated 5100 (3600-6700) HIV-related deaths and 3700 (2600-4900) new infections could be averted in MSM by 2022, corresponding to a 53% reduction in deaths and a 35% reduction in infections from 2012 levels. The expansion would cost an estimated $10,809 (9071-13,274) for each HIV-related death, $14,783 (12,389-17,960) per new infection averted, and $351 (290-424) per disability-adjusted life-year averted.INTERPRETATION: Spare capacity in Bangkok's medical facilities can be used to expand ART access for MSM with large epidemiological benefits. The expansion needs increased funding directed to MSM services, but given the epidemiological trends, is probably cost effective. Our modelling approach and outcomes are likely to be applicable to other settings.FUNDING: World Bank Group and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
|
['AIDS Serodiagnosis', 'Adult', 'Anti-HIV Agents', 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', 'HIV Infections', 'Health Services', 'Homosexuality, Male', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Models, Statistical', 'Prevalence', 'Quality-Adjusted Life Years', 'Risk-Taking', 'Sexual Behavior', 'Thailand']
| 26,423,002
|
[['E01.370.225.812.735.060', 'E01.370.225.875.408.500', 'E05.200.812.735.060', 'E05.200.875.408.500', 'E05.478.594.760.060'], ['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.122.388.077.088'], ['N03.219.151.125'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['N02.421'], ['F01.145.802.975.500.600', 'G08.686.867.500.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.500', 'E05.318.308.980.438.580', 'N02.421.726.233.443', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.580', 'N06.850.780.500'], ['E05.318.740.500', 'E05.599.835', 'N05.715.360.750.530', 'N06.850.520.830.500'], ['E05.318.308.985.525.750', 'N01.224.935.597.750', 'N06.850.505.400.975.525.750', 'N06.850.520.308.985.525.750'], ['E05.318.740.100.500.700', 'N01.224.935.530.700'], ['F01.145.722'], ['F01.145.802'], ['Z01.252.145.841']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Spatial Distribution of Selected Chemical Cell Wall Components in the Embryogenic Callus of Brachypodium distachyon.
|
Brachypodium distachyon L. Beauv. (Brachypodium) is a species that has become an excellent model system for gaining a better understanding of various areas of grass biology and improving plant breeding. Although there are some studies of an in vitro Brachypodium culture including somatic embryogenesis, detailed knowledge of the composition of the main cell wall components in the embryogenic callus in this species is missing. Therefore, using the immunocytochemical approach, we targeted 17 different antigens of which five were against the arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), three were against extensins, six recognised pectic epitopes and two recognised hemicelluloses. These studies were complemented by histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. We revealed that the characteristic cell wall components of Brachypodium embryogenic calli are AGP epitopes that are recognised by the JIM16 and LM2 antibodies, an extensin epitope that is recognised by the JIM11 antibody and a pectic epitopes that is recognised by the LM6 antibody. Furthermore, we demonstrated that AGPs and pectins are the components of the extracellular matrix network in Brachypodium embryogenic culture. Additionally, SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an extracellular matrix on the surface of the calli cells. In conclusion, the chemical compositions of the cell walls and ECMSN of Brachypodium callus show spatial differences that correlate with the embryogenic character of the cells. Thus, the distribution of pectins, AGPs and hemicelluloses can be used as molecular markers of embryogenic cells. The presented data extends the knowledge about the chemical composition of the embryogenic callus cells of Brachypodium.
|
['Brachypodium', 'Callosities', 'Cell Wall', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Mucoproteins', 'Pectins', 'Plant Proteins', 'Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques']
| 27,893,856
|
[['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.822.072'], ['C17.800.428.200'], ['A11.284.183'], ['E01.370.350.515.402.541', 'E05.595.402.541'], ['D12.776.395.560'], ['D05.750.078.738', 'D09.698.670', 'D20.215.784.500.618'], ['D12.776.765'], ['E05.481.500.550', 'G15.698']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Comparing the unaided visual exam to lateral cinefluorography in estimating several parameters of velopharyngeal function.
|
Retrospectively, the medical records of patients with known velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) were reviewed for comments based on an unaided visual examination regarding their velopharyngeal function. These comments were compared to objective findings obtained from the cinefluorographic evaluations performed on each of the patients. A total of 68 recorded comments (47 patients) were identified and fell into four broad categories: (1) velar length, (2) depth of the nasopharynx, (3) velopharyngeal closure, and (4) velar mobility. The results revealed an agreement level of 60% between judgements made from visual examinations and cinefluorographic evaluations. This relatively poor agreement suggests that management decisions concerning VPI must include some method of objectively assessing velopharyngeal form and function during connected speech.
|
['Cineradiography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Nasopharynx', 'Palate, Soft', 'Pharynx', 'Physical Examination', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Velopharyngeal Insufficiency']
| 6,716,985
|
[['E01.370.350.700.225.469'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A04.623.557', 'A14.724.557'], ['A14.549.617.780'], ['A03.556.750', 'A04.623', 'A14.724'], ['E01.370.600'], ['E05.318.372.500.500.500', 'E05.318.372.500.750.750', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.825', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.825'], ['C07.465.525.955', 'C07.550.966', 'C07.650.525.955', 'C09.775.955', 'C16.131.850.525.955']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Methylation-sensitive protein-DNA interaction at the cell cycle regulatory domain of human thymidine kinase promoter.
|
We have investigated the DNA-protein complex formation in nuclear extracts of human cells using the sequence of cell-cycle regulatory unit (CCRU) of human thymidine kinase (TK) promoter. It appeared that a distinct DNA-protein complex was present in three human tumor cell lines and that the CCAAT box within the sequence of CCRU was a necessary element for complex formation. Upon 4 days of serum deprivation, this DNA-protein complex remained unchanged in HeLa cells, but the expression of TK mRNA was decreased. Furthermore, DNA methylation of the Hhal site of the CCRU sequence of the TK promoter greatly reduced the binding activity of nuclear proteins from different human tumor cell lines. On the basis of these data, we proposed a possible role for DNA methylation in the regulation of TK transcription during late G1/S phase progression of the cell cycle.
|
['Base Sequence', 'Binding Sites', 'Blotting, Northern', 'Cell Cycle', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Nucleus', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'HeLa Cells', 'Humans', 'Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute', 'Methylation', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nuclear Proteins', 'Poly A', 'Promoter Regions, Genetic', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid', 'Thymidine Kinase', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 1,280,426
|
[['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['E05.196.401.095', 'E05.301.300.074', 'E05.601.100'], ['G04.144'], ['A11.251.210'], ['A11.284.430.106', 'A11.284.430.214.190.875.117'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['A11.251.210.190.400', 'A11.251.860.180.400', 'A11.436.340'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C04.557.337.539.275.700'], ['G02.111.035.538', 'G02.607.094.538', 'G03.059.538'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['D12.776.660'], ['D13.695.578.550.500'], ['G02.111.570.080.689.675', 'G05.360.080.689.675', 'G05.360.340.024.340.137.750.680'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D13.444.735.544'], ['G02.111.570.080.689', 'G05.360.080.689'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.750'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in the Perioperative Period - To Continue or Discontinue Treatment?]
|
Background For secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome, guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with acetylsalicylic acid and a P2Y12 receptor antagonist such as clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor for a period of 12 months. Often, uncertainty exists with respect to surgical or diagnostic procedures in these high-risk patients: can the DAPT be continued without interruption? If not, what is the recommended withdrawal strategy? What should be considered for the perioperative management? Methods An interdisciplinary group of experienced experts in the fields of cardiology, cardiac surgery, gastroenterology, anaesthesiology, intensive care and haemostaseology developed recommendations relevant to daily clinical practice based on the current scientific evidence. Results These recommendations include instructions for evaluating the patient- and procedure-specific risks of bleeding and ischaemia, general recommendations regarding the DAPT withdrawal strategy, and specific guidance for frequent surgical or diagnostic procedures. Discussion This article aims to facilitate the management of patients with DAPT for all medical disciplines involved, thereby ensuring optimal care of patients during the perioperative period.
|
['Acute Coronary Syndrome', 'Aspirin', 'Clopidogrel', 'Drug Therapy, Combination', 'Humans', 'Perioperative Period', 'Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors', 'Practice Guidelines as Topic', 'Ticlopidine']
| 28,810,280
|
[['C14.280.647.124', 'C14.907.585.124'], ['D02.455.426.559.389.657.410.595.176'], ['D02.886.778.823.500.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500.500'], ['E02.319.310'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E04.614', 'N02.421.585.753'], ['D27.505.954.502.780'], ['N04.761.700.350.650', 'N05.700.350.650'], ['D02.886.778.823.500', 'D03.383.725.849.500', 'D03.383.903.830.500', 'D03.633.100.928.500']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Analysis of founder-specific inbreeding depression on birth weight in Ripollesa lambs.
|
Although inbreeding (F) is a topic of major concern in animal breeding, estimates of inbreeding depression are usually obtained by modeling the overall F coefficient of each individual, without considering that the recessive (deleterious) genetic load of a given population may be unevenly distributed among the founder genomes. The founder-specific partial F coefficient is calculated as the identity-by-descent probability at any given autosomal locus related to a particular founder and allows a more detailed analysis of inbreeding depression on productive traits. Within this context, birth BW data from 2,459 Ripollesa lambs were analyzed under a hierarchical animal model without F-related covariates (model 0), with inbreeding depression modeled by the overall F coefficient (model F1), or by the partial F coefficient of 9 founders that made a relevant contribution to the population inbreeding (model F2). A straightforward empirical Bayes factor (BF) was developed for testing statistical relevance of each F-related covariate, in which greater-than-1 values favored the model including the covariate. The deviance information criterion (DIC) clearly supported model F1 (5,767.8) rather than model 0 (5,771.2), suggesting that inbreeding depression had a relevant influence on birth BW data. The linear effect of inbreeding depression was statistically relevant in model F1 (BF = 2.52 x 10(35)), with lamb birth BW declining by -13.6 g with each 1% F increase. The quadratic effect of inbreeding depression was almost null in model F1 (BF = 0.02), as suggested by the reduction in DIC (5,766.9) when this effect was removed from model F1. On the other hand, model F2 provided a similar DIC (5,767.9) value, with this parameter decreasing to 5,764.7 when nonrelevant founder-specific inbreeding depression effects were removed. Substantial heterogeneity in founder-specific inbreeding depression was reported by model F2, in which estimates for 4 of the 9 founders did not differ from zero (BF between 0.05 and 0.42), whereas 5 founders originated moderate (-8.2 g for each 1% F increase; BF = 1.42) to large inbreeding depression (-96.2 g for each 1% F increase; BF = 8.80 x 10(19)). The substantial variability between founder estimates suggested that inbreeding depression effects may mainly be due to a few alleles with major deleterious effects. These results contribute valuable information that should help to achieve more accurate management of inbreeding in the Ripollesa breed.
|
['Animals', 'Birth Weight', 'Female', 'Founder Effect', 'Genetics, Population', 'Inbreeding', 'Male', 'Sheep', 'Spain']
| 18,791,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['C23.888.144.186', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.186', 'E05.041.124.160.750.149', 'G07.100.100.160.120.186', 'G07.345.249.314.120.186'], ['G05.285'], ['H01.158.273.343.335'], ['E05.820.150.520', 'G05.090.403'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['Z01.542.846']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Psychometric integrity of the Chinese Happiness Inventory among retired older people in Taiwan.
|
AIM: Happiness is an important indicator of mental and physical health. It has been emphasized as one kind of well-being, and its definition varies from culture to culture. The main objective of the present study was to examine the psychometric integrity and dimensions of the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI) in relation to scores on Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale among retired older people in Taiwan.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at social service centers in Taipei, Taiwan. Retired adults gave informed consent from September to November 2010, and completed a package of structured questionnaires measuring happiness and psychological well-being. Internal consistency, the factor structure of the CHI and criterion validity were assessed.RESULTS: Results from an exploratory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution for the CHI. These factors were named Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction and Interpersonal Relationships. Internal consistency coefficients were 0.95 (Positive Affect), 0.91 (Life Satisfaction), 0.85 (Interpersonal Relationships) and 0.97 (total scale). The results of a canonical correlation analysis showed the presence of a strong relationship between CHI and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (r = 0.69), and that two canonical variates could be derived from the relationship between them.CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the CHI is a three-dimensional scale with high reliability and validity. The construct of happiness emphasizes relationships in relation to others and environment rather than autonomy in this sample. Although the components of happiness might be similar for Positive Affect and Life Satisfaction, their weights for Interpersonal Relationships should be considered when measuring happiness in different cultures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 865-872.
|
['Affect', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Happiness', 'Humans', 'Interpersonal Relations', 'Male', 'Personal Satisfaction', 'Psychometrics', 'Quality of Life', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Retirement', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Taiwan']
| 26,272,541
|
[['F01.470.047'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['F01.470.516'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.829.401'], ['F01.145.677'], ['F04.711.780'], ['I01.800', 'K01.752.400.750', 'N06.850.505.400.425.837'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['I03.702'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.252.474.872', 'Z01.639.850']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Determining registered nurses' readiness for evidence-based practice.
|
BACKGROUND: As health care systems worldwide move toward instituting evidence-based practice (EBP), its implementation can be challenging. Conducting a baseline assessment to determine nurses' readiness for EBP presents opportunities to plan strategies before implementation. Although a growing body of research literature is focused on implementing EBP, little attention has been paid to assessing nurses' readiness for EBP.OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess registered nurses' readiness for EBP in a moderate-sized acute care hospital in the Midwestern United States before implementation of a hospital-wide nursing EBP initiative.DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used; 121 registered nurses completed the survey. The participants (n= 121) completed the 64-item Nurses' Readiness for Evidence-Based Practice Survey that allowed measurement of information needs, knowledge and skills, culture, and attitudes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a post hoc analysis.RESULTS: The majority (72.5%) of respondents indicated that when they needed information, they consulted colleagues and peers rather than using journals and books; 24% of nurses surveyed used the health database, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The respondents perceived their EBP knowledge level as moderate. Cultural EBP scores were moderate, with unit scores being higher than organizational scores. The nurses' attitudes toward EBP were positive. The post hoc analysis showed many significant correlations.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nurses have access to technological resources and perceive that they have the ability to engage in basic information gathering but not in higher level evidence gathering. The elements important to EBP such as a workplace culture and positive attitudes are present and can be built upon. A "site-specific" baseline assessment provides direction in planning EBP initiatives. The Nurses' Readiness for EBP Survey is a streamlined tool with established reliability and validity.
|
['Adult', 'Attitude of Health Personnel', 'Educational Status', 'Evidence-Based Nursing', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Information Systems', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nursing Staff, Hospital', 'Surveys and Questionnaires']
| 19,076,919
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.050', 'N05.300.100'], ['N01.824.196'], ['H02.249.875', 'H02.478.197'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.313.500.750.300'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['M01.526.485.680.490', 'M01.526.485.740.523', 'N02.360.680.490', 'N02.360.740.523'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Cancellation level and phase of the (f2-f1) distortion product.
|
The cancellation level and phase were measured for the (f2-f1) distortion product in six normal-hearing ears as a function of input level (L1,L2) and the frequency separation of the two input signals (f1,f2, where f2 greater than f1). The effects of input level were examined for L1 and L2, varied together (L1 = L2) and separately. Typically, f1 was 1500 Hz while f2/f1 was either 1.16, 1.32, 1.44, or 1.68. For L1 = L2, the median data indicate that the (f2-f1) level grows at a rate of approximately 1.1 dB/dB when averaged across all stimulus conditions. This slope tended to be higher (approximately 1.6 dB/dB) for L1 = L2 greater than 80 dB. Slopes for some subjects also increase as f2/f1 increases. The cancellation phase increases slightly (50 degrees - 100 degrees) with an increase in L1 = L2. With L1 at 75 to 80 dB, L2 ranging from 65 to 95 dB, and f2/f1 = 1.16, (f2-f1) increases monotonically with L2 up to L1 = L2. As L2 increases further (L2 greater than L1), the slopes for the growth of (f2-f1) decrease. For f2/f1 = 1.44, on the other hand, (f2-f1) appears to grow monotonically at a rate of approximately 0.5 dB/dB throughout the range of L2 values. The cancellation phase increases with L2 (approximately 100 degrees) only for the wider frequency separation of the two input signals (f2/f1 = 1.44). There are, however, sizable individual differences in the behavior of the (f2 - f1) distortion product.
|
['Acoustic Stimulation', 'Adult', 'Audiometry, Pure-Tone', 'Hearing', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Mathematics', 'Models, Biological', 'Sound']
| 4,056,218
|
[['E02.037', 'E02.190.888.030', 'E05.723.136'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.382.375.060.055'], ['F02.830.816.263', 'G07.888.500', 'G11.561.790.263'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['H01.548'], ['E05.599.395'], ['G01.750.770.776']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Late rupture of central catheter implanted through subclavian route].
|
A 68-year-old woman with a subcutaneous reservoir and central venous catheter implanted in the left subclavian vein for chemotherapy developed a late fracture of the catheter 220 days after implantation, with migration of the distal fragment to the pulmonary artery. After diagnosis of the complication, the distal fragment had to be removed by radiologic intervention and the reservoir was withdrawn. The need for central venous treatments, whether for definitive parenteral nutrition or prolonged antibiotic infusion, pain therapy, chemotherapy or, lately, for hemodialysis has made the placement and use of implantable systems a routine procedure for anesthesiology services. However, such techniques are not free of multiple complications, some of which are serious and which may be caused by poor technique during insertion of the catheter. We consider careful selection of the point of subclavian vein insertion to be important. The scheduling of follow-up chest films is also crucial for ruling out a "pinch-off phenomenon".
|
['Aged', 'Catheterization, Central Venous', 'Equipment Failure', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Time Factors']
| 11,898,445
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['E02.148.167', 'E04.100.814.529.875', 'E04.502.382.875', 'E05.157.313'], ['E05.325'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison of a radioimmunoassay and bioassay for embryo-derived platelet-activating factor.
|
The pre-embryos of a number of species produce platelet-activating factor (PAF). This study compared the sensitivity, reproducibility and cross-reactivity of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PAF with a quantitative PAF bioassay and assessed the use of both assays for the measurement of murine and human embryo-derived PAF. PAF was extracted and partially purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) from medium in which mouse (30 x 2-cell) or individual human embryos [produced by in-vitro fertilization (IVF)] had been cultured for 24 h. Dose-response curves were generated with synthetic PAF standards over a concentration range of 0.3-30 ng/ml. The RIA was slightly more sensitive than the bioassay since the concentration which gave 50% response in the RIA was 3 ng/ml compared to 6 ng/ml in the bioassay. The RIA showed greater reproducibility than the bioassay, since at these concentrations the coefficients of variation were 1.97 and 6.77% intra-assay and 4.96 and 10.93% inter-assay, respectively. Both assays had a detection limit of 0.3 ng/ml. C-PAF, a non-metabolizable bioactive analogue of PAF, showed 5.16 and 0.85% cross-reactivity in the bioassay and RIA, respectively, while lyso-PAF and phosphatidylcholine had no effect. Following extraction and TLC, the average PAF concentration was 14.52 ng/ml (range 0.10-141.09) and 20.06 ng/ml (range 0.07-106.15) for mouse embryos, and 16.15 ng/ml (range 0.40-78.31) and 23.70 ng/ml (range 2.00-119.10) for human embryos, as measured by bioassay and RIA respectively. Therefore, both the bioassay and RIA were capable of the sensitive quantitative measurement of embryo-derived PAF.
|
['Animals', 'Biological Assay', 'Cross Reactions', 'Culture Media', 'Culture Techniques', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Platelet Activating Factor', 'Radioimmunoassay', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Sensitivity and Specificity']
| 1,757,528
|
[['B01.050'], ['E05.091'], ['G12.122.281'], ['D27.720.470.305', 'E07.206'], ['E05.481.500'], ['A16.254'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['D02.033.100.291.211.500', 'D02.092.063.291.211.500', 'D02.092.877.883.333.710', 'D02.675.276.232.710', 'D10.570.755.375.760.400.985.910', 'D23.119.865', 'D23.469.050.600'], ['E01.370.384.700', 'E05.478.566.639', 'E05.601.470.639'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Are ethnic inequalities in 30-day ischaemic stroke survival emerging as treatment becomes more effective?
|
AIM: Studies of ethnic differences in stroke survival have produced inconsistent findings. As treatment becomes more effective, inequalities may increase. We examine time trends in ischaemic stroke case fatality in New Zealand.METHOD: The 30-day case fatality rate (CFR) of ischaemic stroke in New Zealand was calculated from routinely collected data for two 5-year periods (2000-2004 and 2010-2014) in M?ori, Pacific, Asian and European people. A Poisson regression model tested ethnic inequalities between Europeans and people of other ethnicities in each time period.RESULTS: From 2000-2004 to 2010-2014, the age-sex standardised CFR in Europeans fell from 13.4% (95% CI 13.0 to 13.9%) to 10.7% (10.3 to 11.1%). In Pacific and Asian people, the CFR rose between the two periods, and in M?ori there was a drop from 18.2% to 16.2%; neither of these differences were statistically significant. After controlling for socio-demographic variables, service factors and comorbidities, the CFR was higher for M?ori than Europeans in 2000-2004, and for all ethnic groups compared with Europeans in 2010-2014. CFR ethnic inequality rose over that time-the change being statistically significant for Pacific (p=0.033) and Asian (p=0.010), and of borderline significance for M?ori (p=0.053).CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic inequalities in 30-day ischaemic stroke survival have increased significantly in the last 10 years. This may be due to differences in severity at presentation, or in access and utilisation of the increasingly effective acute and hyper-acute stroke interventions.
|
['Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Datasets as Topic', 'European Continental Ancestry Group', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'New Zealand', 'Oceanic Ancestry Group', 'Regression Analysis', 'Risk Assessment', 'Stroke']
| 27,362,594
|
[['M01.686.508.200'], ['E05.318.308.056', 'L01.313.500.750.300.188.400.500', 'L01.399.250.224', 'L01.470.750.750.431', 'N05.715.360.300.224', 'N06.850.520.308.056'], ['M01.686.508.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.639.760.747', 'Z01.678.100.747'], ['M01.686.508.600'], ['E05.318.740.750', 'N05.715.360.750.695', 'N06.850.520.830.750'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['C10.228.140.300.775', 'C14.907.253.855']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Introduction of patient video clips into computer-based testing: effects on item statistics and reliability estimates.
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PURPOSE: Using patient video clips to evaluate examinees' skills in interpreting physical examination findings is possible with computer-based testing, but the psychometric properties of video-based questions are unknown.METHOD: We developed parallel test questions incorporating video clips or text descriptions of abnormal neurologic findings and administered them to 106 fourth-year medical students finishing their Neurology Clerkship.RESULTS: Overall, video-based questions had comparable difficulty and discrimination compared to analogous text-based questions. Preliminary studies indicated similar reliability with text- and video-based questions.CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of patient video clips in computer-based testing is feasible from technical, practical, and psychometric perspectives. Further study is needed to gather validity evidence for this novel question format.
|
['Clinical Clerkship', 'Clinical Competence', 'Computer Simulation', 'Education, Medical, Undergraduate', 'Educational Measurement', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Multimedia', 'Nervous System Diseases', 'Patient Simulation', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Students, Medical', 'United States']
| 14,557,094
|
[['I02.358.105'], ['I02.399.630.210', 'N04.761.210', 'N05.715.175'], ['L01.224.160'], ['I02.358.399.450'], ['I02.399'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J01.897.280.500.633', 'L01.178.820.090.633'], ['C10'], ['I02.903.847.500'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['M01.848.769.602'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Carborane-derived local anesthetics are isomer dependent.
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Clinically there is a need for local anesthetics with a greater specificity of action on target cells and longer duration. We have synthesized a series of local anesthetic derivatives we call boronicaines in which the aromatic phenyl ring of lidocaine was replaced with ortho-, meta-, C,C'-dimethyl meta- and para-carborane clusters. The boronicaine derivatives were tested for their analgesic activity and compared with lidocaine using standard procedures in mice following a plantar injection. The compounds differed in their analgesic activity in the following order: ortho-carborane = C,C'-dimethyl meta-carborane > para-carborane > lidocaine > meta-carborane derivative. Both ortho-boronicaine and C,C'-dimethyl meta-boronicaine had longer durations of analgesia than lidocaine. Differences in analgesic efficacies are rationalized by variations in chemical structure and protein binding characteristics.
|
['Anesthetics, Local', 'Animals', 'Area Under Curve', 'Binding Sites', 'Boranes', 'Catalysis', 'Catalytic Domain', 'Humans', 'Isomerism', 'Lidocaine', 'Mice', 'Molecular Docking Simulation', 'Pain', 'Palladium', 'ROC Curve', 'Serum Albumin']
| 25,420,874
|
[['D27.505.696.277.100.200', 'D27.505.696.663.850.025', 'D27.505.954.427.210.100.200'], ['B01.050'], ['E05.318.740.200', 'G03.787.101', 'G07.690.725.064', 'N06.850.520.830.200'], ['G02.111.570.120'], ['D01.132.105', 'D02.203.087'], ['G02.130'], ['G02.111.570.120.704', 'G02.111.570.820.709.275.750.188'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D02.065.199.092.500', 'D02.092.146.113.092.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['E05.599.595.249', 'L01.224.160.249'], ['C23.888.592.612', 'F02.830.816.444', 'G11.561.790.444'], ['D01.268.556.680', 'D01.268.956.718', 'D01.552.544.680'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['D12.776.034.841', 'D12.776.124.727']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Strobokymographic and videostroboscopic analysis of vocal fold motion in unilateral superior laryngeal nerve paralysis.
|
The clinical diagnosis of superior laryngeal nerve paralysis (SLNp) is infrequently made, because of the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and laryngoscopic findings. Laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) can provide the definitive diagnosis of this abnormality. With increasing use of LEMG in clinical practice, this condition is now more frequently appreciated by otolaryngologists. A characteristic, but infrequently reported, videostroboscopic vocal fold motion termed Gegenschlagen ("dashing-against-each-other") has previously been described to occur in unilateral SLNp. We encountered such motion in a clinical case, which we subsequently verified as unilateral SLNp by means of LEMG. This characteristic glottic motion was then verified in an in vivo canine model of phonation after unilateral SLNp. Videostrobokymography was performed to generate kymograms that illustrated this vocal fold motion clearly. Kymograms of both human and canine subjects with SLNp demonstrated an undulating motion of the horizontally shifting glottic space as the medial edges of the vocal folds chased each other 90 degrees out of phase. As one vocal fold mucosal edge was opening, the other was closing, and this repeated motion appeared as vocal folds chasing or dashing against each other. Although not uniformly seen in all cases, this vocal fold motion appears to be unique to SLNp.
|
['Animals', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Dogs', 'Humans', 'Kymography', 'Laryngeal Nerves', 'Laryngoscopy', 'Larynx', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Stroboscopy', 'Video Recording', 'Vocal Cord Paralysis', 'Vocal Cords', 'Voice Disorders']
| 17,388,230
|
[['B01.050'], ['E01.171'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.750.250.216.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.475'], ['A08.800.050.050.925.450', 'A08.800.050.600.825.450', 'A08.800.800.060.920.450', 'A08.800.800.120.900.450'], ['E01.370.386.460', 'E01.370.388.250.525', 'E04.502.250.525', 'E04.580.373'], ['A04.329'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.789'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['E01.370.350.755'], ['L01.280.960'], ['C08.360.931', 'C09.400.931', 'C10.292.887.800', 'C10.597.622.943', 'C23.888.592.636.943'], ['A04.329.364.737'], ['C08.360.940', 'C09.400.940', 'C10.597.975', 'C23.888.592.979']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Benzodiazepine hypnotic metabolism: drug interactions and clinical implications.
|
Benzodiazepines are the drugs of choice when initiating hypnotic therapy. Though the mechanism of benzodiazepine action in the central nervous system is similar for all drugs in this class, differences in absorption and pathway of elimination are associated with differences in observed clinical effect. After single-dose administration, onset of hypnotic effect is most closely related to rate of drug absorption and duration of effect is more closely associated with extent of drug distribution. Relative affinity of the individual benzodiazepine for the specific central nervous system binding site may also determine duration of action. During multiple-dose chronic therapy, route of metabolic biotransformation and elimination half-life assume more importance. An increased incidence of adverse drug effects due to high doses of accumulating benzodiazepines may be seen in the elderly and patients with central nervous system deficits or chronic liver disease. Benzodiazepine metabolic biotransformation and clearance is broken into three groups. Group 1--oxidative biotransformation; Group 2--high clearance drugs; Group 3--drug conjugation. Groups 1 and 2 are implicated in a number of drug-disease and drug-drug interactions. Group 3 drugs have little change in patients with liver disease or when administered with inhibitors of drug biotransformation. Clinical implications of these metabolic interactions are variable, but inhibition of Group 1 and 2 benzodiazepine clearance has been associated with increased sedation and psychomotor impairment.
|
['Anti-Anxiety Agents', 'Benzodiazepines', 'Drug Interactions', 'Half-Life', 'Humans', 'Kidney Diseases', 'Kinetics', 'Liver Diseases', 'Metabolic Clearance Rate', 'Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders']
| 2,883,826
|
[['D27.505.696.277.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.210.950.015', 'D27.505.954.427.700.872.015'], ['D03.633.100.079.080'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['G01.910.405'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419', 'C13.351.968.419'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['C06.552'], ['E01.370.225.843', 'E05.200.843', 'G03.490', 'G07.690.595', 'G07.690.725.513'], ['C10.886.425.800.800', 'F03.870.400.800.800']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Genome-wide association study on serum alkaline phosphatase levels in a Chinese population.
|
BACKGROUND: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified several loci affecting ALP levels; however, such studies in Chinese populations are limited. We performed a GWAS analyzing the association between 658,288 autosomal SNPs and serum ALP in 1,461 subjects, and replicated the top SNPs in an additional 8,830 healthy Chinese Han individuals. The interactions between significant locus and environmental factors on serum ALP levels were further investigated.RESULTS: The association between ABO locus and serum ALP levels was replicated (P = 2.50 ? 10⁻²?, 1.12 ? 10⁻⁵⁶ and 2.82 ? 10⁻²⁷ for SNP rs8176720, rs651007 and rs7025162 on ABO locus, respectively). SNP rs651007 accounted for 2.15% of the total variance of serum ALP levels independently of the other 2 SNPs. When comparing our findings with previously published studies, ethnic differences were observed across populations. A significant interaction between ABO rs651007 and overweight and obesity was observed (FDR for interaction was 0.036); for individuals with GG genotype, those with normal weight and those who were overweight or obese have similar serum ALP concentrations; minor allele A of rs651007 remarkably reduced serum ALP levels, but this effect was attenuated in overweight and obese individuals.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that ABO locus is a major determinant for serum ALP levels in Chinese Han population. Overweight and obesity modifies the effect of ABO locus on serum ALP concentrations.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'China', 'Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9', 'Ethnic Groups', 'Female', 'Gene-Environment Interaction', 'Genetic Heterogeneity', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genome-Wide Association Study', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Obesity', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide']
| 24,094,242
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['M01.686.508.200'], ['Z01.252.474.164'], ['A11.284.187.520.300.325.345', 'G05.360.162.520.300.325.345'], ['M01.686.754', 'N01.224.317'], ['G05.695.337'], ['G05.365.331'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['E05.318.370.392', 'E05.318.416.249', 'E05.393.385.500', 'E05.393.522.500', 'E05.393.760.640.500', 'N06.850.520.445.392', 'N06.850.520.470.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['G05.365.795.598']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
[Threshold of penicillin induced epileptiform afterdischarge in brain slices of guinea pig].
|
Investigation of the regional threshold for epilepsy in many structures in the brain would contribute to the study of epileptogenesis. So we studied the threshold for epileptiform afterdischarge in the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex using Na-Penicillin -G (Pc) of which epileptogenesis has been intensively investigated. In order to eliminate the influence from the outside of these structures, the brain slice method was utilized. Procedures for preparation of the tissue and incubation were about the same as those described by Yamamoto. In summary, after sacrifice, brain of the guinea pig was taken out and the hippocampus, neocortex and cerebellum were cut with a razor blade under a microscope. The thickness of the section was about 0.3 mm. Slices were incubated at 37 degrees C for about 30 min in the standard medium perfused with 95% O2 and 0% CO2. The chamber was continuously perfused with the standard medium which composed of NaCl, 124 mM, KCl, 5: KH2PO4, 1.24; MgSO4, 1.3; CaCl2, 2.4; NaHCO3, 26; and glucose, 10. Evoked potentials were elicited by electrical stimulation in the standard medium. Mossy fibers were stimulated and responses were recorded from the CA3 area in the hippocampus by glass pipette microelectrode. Subcortical white matter was stimulated and responses were recorded from the Purkinje cell layer in the cerebellum. Pc was added in the standard medium until epileptiform afterdischarges were superimposed on the evoked potentials. The results of this experiment demonstrated that each structure in the brain has a regional own threshold for Pc induced epileptiform afterdischarge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animals', 'Brain', 'Cerebellar Cortex', 'Convulsants', 'Epilepsy', 'Evoked Potentials', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Hippocampus', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nerve Tissue', 'Penicillin G', 'gamma-Aminobutyric Acid']
| 4,027,084
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.186.211'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200.212'], ['D27.505.696.282.224', 'D27.505.954.427.220.224'], ['C10.228.140.490'], ['G07.265.216.500', 'G11.561.200.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['A08.186.211.180.405', 'A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.345'], ['E05.481'], ['A10.755'], ['D02.065.589.099.750.750', 'D02.886.108.750.750', 'D03.633.100.300.750.750'], ['D02.241.081.114.500.350', 'D12.125.190.350']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Cerebral oxidative metabolism in perinatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
|
Survivors of perinatal intraventricular hemorrhage often develop a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by hydrocephalus and biochemical abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid. The authors investigated six neonates with post-hemorrhagic obstructive hydrocephalus in order to identify cerebral metabolic disturbances responsible for the hypoglycorrhachia observed in this disorder. Lactic acid concentraions and lactate/pyruvate ratios in ventricular fluid were significantly elevated in infants with post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus compared with the values in five with congenital (non-hemorrhagic) obstructive hydrocephalus. Comparable degrees of ventricular dilatation and intracranial hypertension were present in the two groups. There is evidence that neither residual cellular elements in ventricular fluid nor a disrupted blood-CSF barrier can fully explain the observed alterations in ventricular-fluid glucose, lactate or lactate/pyruvate ratios. It is suggested that when periventricular hemorrhage occurs, the associated cerebral ischemia leads to focal anaerobic glycolysis and increased glucose requirement. With inadequate cerebral glucose glycolysis and increased glucose requirement. With inadequate cerebral glucose delivery from the blood, glucose diffuses into the brain from the ventricular fluid, resulting in hypoglycorrhachia. Cerebral lactic acid production is enhanced, which accumulates in ventricular fluid in the presence of ventricular obstruction.
|
['Birth Injuries', 'Blood Glucose', 'Brain', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Humans', 'Hydrocephalus', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Lactates', 'Pyruvates']
| 7,390,028
|
[['C16.614.131', 'C26.141'], ['D09.947.875.359.448.500'], ['A08.186.211'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['G03.295'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.602'], ['M01.060.703.520'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.755.812']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Application of lot sampling of sputum AFB smears for the assessment of microscopy centres.
|
SETTING: Designated microscopy centres (DMC) and additional microscopy centres (AMC) performing sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy, the District TB Centre (DTC) and a reference laboratory (RL).OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the feasibility of adopting lot sampling of AFB smears and to assess the performance of MCs employing Senior Tuberculosis Laboratory Supervisors (STLS) with no knowledge about the principles of quality assurance of AFB microscopy and RL-based laboratory technicians with training on quality assurance for blinded checking of AFB smears.METHODS: Slides from MCs were transported to the DTC and the RL; 20 smears per month per MC were selected systematically; 1547 slides from DMCs and 726 from AMCs were checked, respectively, by STLSs at the DTC and by RL laboratory technicians. Discrepancies were resolved by referee.RESULTS: The discrepancy between MC laboratory technicians and STLSs at the DTC was 4.7%, compared to 1% at the RL. The STLSs and RL-based laboratory technicians had 70 and 2 errors, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Lot sampling of AFB smears is feasible under field conditions. Assessment of MCs was more valid with RL-based technicians trained in principles of quality assurance of sputum AFB microscopy than with STLSs with no such training and working in the field.
|
['Bacteriological Techniques', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Humans', 'Laboratories', 'Microscopy', 'Mycobacterium tuberculosis', 'Quality Control', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Specimen Handling', 'Sputum', 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary']
| 15,786,895
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150', 'E05.200.875.150'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['J03.520', 'N02.278.487'], ['E01.370.350.515', 'E05.595', 'H01.671.617.562'], ['B03.510.024.962.500.702', 'B03.510.460.400.410.552.552.702'], ['J01.897.608'], ['E05.318.370.725', 'E05.337.851', 'N05.715.360.325.685', 'N06.850.520.445.725'], ['E01.370.225.998', 'E05.200.998'], ['A12.200.808'], ['C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.899', 'C01.748.939', 'C08.381.922', 'C08.730.939']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[Arachnoiditis and intraspinal lesion. Complications of tuberculous meningitis in 2 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].
|
Radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis) (RMA) is a severe complication of tuberculous meningitis (TM). Two patients with HIV infection and TM are here reported. These patients developed RMA. In Spain only four cases of RMA have previously been reported (only one of them was HIV-positive). Clinical manifestations (subacute paraplegia, radicular pain, sensitive level and neurogenic bladder) are reported. Cerebrospinal fluid had inflammatory features, wit predominance of mononuclear cells and remarkable increase in protein content. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most suitable diagnostic method. The therapeutic possibilities of this complication are discussed.
|
['Adult', 'Arachnoiditis', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'HIV Infections', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'Thoracic Vertebrae', 'Tuberculosis, Meningeal']
| 11,817,224
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C10.228.614.097'], ['A02.835.232.834.151'], ['C01.221.250.875', 'C01.221.812.640.400', 'C01.778.640.400', 'C01.925.782.815.616.400', 'C01.925.813.400', 'C20.673.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.854'], ['A02.835.232.834.892'], ['C01.150.252.223.500.937', 'C01.150.252.223.850.800', 'C01.150.252.410.040.552.846.570.600', 'C01.207.180.500.937', 'C01.207.180.850.800', 'C10.228.228.180.500.937', 'C10.228.228.180.850.800', 'C10.228.614.280.915']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Internet intervention for community elders: process and feasibility.
|
The aim of this report is to describe the process and feasibility of having elders respond to standardized questionnaires in an Internet intervention program for caregivers of persons with dementia. Twenty-one persons with dementia (mean 75 years), and their spouse caregivers (mean age of 65 years) used the intervention program and responded to the questionnaires. Results indicated that with adequate support, elderly caregiver participants were able to provide responses to standardized questionnaires comparable to scores found in other caregiver studies using traditional methods. Suggestions are provided for further testing.
|
['Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Caregivers', 'Dementia', 'Feasibility Studies', 'Health Education', 'Humans', 'Information Services', 'Internet', 'Middle Aged', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'United States']
| 15,155,029
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['M01.085', 'M01.526.485.200', 'N02.360.200'], ['C10.228.140.380', 'F03.615.400'], ['E05.318.372.550', 'E05.337.675', 'N05.715.360.330.550', 'N06.850.520.450.550'], ['I02.233.332', 'N02.421.726.407'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['L01.453'], ['L01.224.230.110.500'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.318.308.980', 'N05.715.360.300.800', 'N06.850.520.308.980'], ['Z01.107.567.875']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Geographicals [Z]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Occlusion pressure and breathing pattern in children with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|
The control of breathing at rest was studied in 30 children (3 to 17 years old) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Five of them were tested several times during the follow-up of the COPD. Breathing pattern was evaluated and mouth occlusion pressure (PO.1) was measured. Results in COPD children were compared to previously reported values in healthy controls. PO.1 was significantly increased. In 11 children breathing O2, PO.1 decreased but remained at higher levels than predicted. However, the decrease in PO.1 in COPD was not significantly greater than in healthy children. These results may be explained by the relative mild hypoxemia in those children. The increase in PO.1 was significantly correlated with the increase in lung resistance (p less than 0.02) and with the decrease in dynamic lung compliance (p less than 0.01). Most of the COPD children were normocapnic. However, modifications in the breathing pattern were observed. The inspiratory time (TI) was significantly shortened, the expiratory time was prolonged and the TI over the total duration of the respiratory cycle was lowered. The respiratory frequency was unchanged. The tidal volume, normalized for body weight (VTBW), was increased. The mean inspiratory flow (VTBW/TI) was significantly augmented, but not as much as PO.1: in consequence, the effective inspiratory impedance was higher than predicted. Thus, as adults, COPD children had a greater inspiratory neural drive. In contrast to normocapnic COPD adults, they had a modified respiratory timing.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Airway Resistance', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Functional Residual Capacity', 'Humans', 'Lung Compliance', 'Lung Diseases, Obstructive', 'Mouth', 'Pressure', 'Respiration', 'Tidal Volume', 'Vital Capacity']
| 6,927,539
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['E01.370.386.700.050', 'G09.772.060'], ['M01.060.406'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.275', 'G09.772.850.390'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.386.700.475', 'G09.772.540'], ['C08.381.495'], ['A01.456.505.631', 'A03.556.500', 'A14.549'], ['G01.374.715'], ['G09.772.705'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900.350.750', 'G09.772.850.970.500.700'], ['E01.370.386.700.485.750.900', 'G09.772.850.970']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Relation of nonverbal intelligence assessed by Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test to latencies of the somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by stimulation of the posterior tibial nerves in right-handed male and female subjects.
|
The association of nonverbal intelligence (NVI) with latencies of the somatosensory evoked potentials from the right and left posterior tibial nerves (PTNs) was studied in right-handed male and female subjects without familial sinistrality (FS-). There was a significant negative linear correlation between N49-P39 interpeak latencies from the right and left PTNs in females and a significant positive linear correlation between these parameters in males. There was no significant correlation between P58-N49 interpeak latencies and NVI in females, but a significant negative linear correlation in males. The N76-P58 interpeak latencies were found to be positively linearly related to NVI only in females; there was no correlation between these parameters in males. There was no significant correlation between IQ and side differences in SEP latencies in females. The right minus left P39 latencies from the right and left PTN were found to be negatively linearly related to IQ in males. In females with nearly equal heights, latencies of N49 waves were found to be negatively linearly related to IQ. In males with nearly equal heights, only P39 and P58 waves from the right PTN were found to be negatively linearly related to IQ. These results did not support the hypothesis of speed of information processing by the brain in behavioral intelligence. An asymmetrical organization of the male brain seems to be disadvantageous for nonverbal intelligence; the female brain appeared to be independent of the degree of asymmetrical organization of the brain in this respect.
|
['Adult', 'Cognition', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory', 'Female', 'Functional Laterality', 'Humans', 'Individuality', 'Intelligence', 'Intelligence Tests', 'Male', 'Mental Processes', 'Tibial Nerve']
| 1,342,031
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['F02.463.188'], ['E05.723.402'], ['G07.265.216.500.400', 'G11.561.200.500.400'], ['F02.830.297.425', 'G11.561.225.425'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['F01.752.488'], ['F01.752.543'], ['F04.711.141.493'], ['F02.463'], ['A08.800.800.720.450.760.820']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Disaster medical assistance in super typhoon Haiyan: Collaboration with the local medical team that resulted in great synergy.
|
BACKGROUND: On 8 November 2013, Typhoon Haiyan made landfalls over the center of the Philippines and devastated the region. Soon aftermath of the disaster, many foreign medical teams (FMTs) headed toward the site, and the Korean team was one of them.METHODS: This study described the experiences of the team during the initial phase of response, focusing on collaborative efforts with the local medical team.RESULTS: The Korean team was capable of providing primary care, and the Filipino team provided incomplete secondary care which was insufficient for covering the patient load. Not only did the Korean team provide electricity for hospital operation and various materials, but also supplemented medical personnel, who covered the emergency and outpatient departments. Collaborative efforts filled in each other's gap, and resulted in great synergy.CONCLUSION: Disaster medical relief mission of FMTs should be cooperated with a coordination mechanism. Collaboration with the local resources can be a great opportunity for both parties, and should not be overlooked in any disaster situations.
|
['Cyclonic Storms', 'Disaster Medicine', 'Disasters', 'Humans', 'International Cooperation', 'Medical Missions', 'Philippines', 'Republic of Korea', 'Wounds and Injuries']
| 25,904,277
|
[['G16.500.175.500', 'N06.230.100.230.100'], ['H02.403.230'], ['N06.230.100'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['I01.615.500'], ['I01.615.500.750'], ['Z01.252.145.671', 'Z01.639.790'], ['Z01.252.474.557.750'], ['C26']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Glans penis necrosis caused by calcific uremic arteriolopathy.
|
Calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) or calciphylaxis is a syndrome characterized by calcification of vessels located in the dermis and adipose tissue. It commonly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. Clinical presentation generally begins with severe pain, followed by the presence of liveloid or purpuric plaques. Later the formation necrotic ulcers occur. This condition is associated with a poor prognosis, with a high rate of mortality within months of the diagnosis. Penile involvement is an uncommon but severe manifestation. We present an 81-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease with a one-month evolution of painful necrotic ulcers on his glans penis. He was diagnosed with CUA. Owing to infection complicated by sepsis; penectomy was performed. Unfortunately, the patient died of myocardial infarction during his hospitalization.
|
['Aged, 80 and over', 'Calciphylaxis', 'Humans', 'Kidney Failure, Chronic', 'Male', 'Necrosis', 'Penile Diseases', 'Skin', 'Skin Diseases, Vascular', 'Skin Ulcer', 'Uremia']
| 30,865,408
|
[['M01.060.116.100.080'], ['C18.452.174.130.186'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C12.777.419.780.750.500', 'C13.351.968.419.780.750.500'], ['C23.550.717'], ['C12.294.494'], ['A17.815'], ['C17.800.862'], ['C17.800.893'], ['C12.777.419.936', 'C13.351.968.419.936']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Development of novel quinoa-based yoghurt fermented with dextran producer Weissella cibaria MG1.
|
The aim of this study was to develop a novel beverage fermented with Weissella cibaria MG1 based on aqueous extracts of wholemeal quinoa flour. The protein digestibility of quinoa based-milk was improved by applying complex proteolytic enzymes able to increase protein solubility by 54.58%. The growth and fermentation characteristics of Weissella cibaria MG1, including EPS production at the end of fermentation, were investigated. Fermented wholemeal quinoa milk using MG1 showed high viable cell counts (>109cfu/ml), a pH of 5.16, and significantly higher water holding capacity (WHC, 100%), viscosity (0.57mPas) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) amount (40mg/l) than the chemical acidified control. High EPS (dextran) concentration in quinoa milk caused earlier aggregation because more EPS occupy more space, and the chenopodin were forced to interact with each other. Microstructure observation indicated that the network structures of EPS-protein improve the texture of fermented quinoa milk. Overall, Weissella cibaria MG1 showed satisfactory technology properties and great potential for further possible application in the development of high viscosity fermented quinoa milk.
|
['Bioreactors', 'Chenopodium quinoa', 'Dextrans', 'Fermentation', 'Flour', 'Milk Substitutes', 'Plant Proteins', 'Weissella', 'Yogurt']
| 29,316,448
|
[['E07.115', 'J01.897.120.115'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.198.500.100.666.875'], ['D05.750.078.562.272', 'D09.698.365.272'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G07.203.300.484', 'J02.500.484'], ['G07.203.100.712', 'J02.200.712'], ['D12.776.765'], ['B03.353.750.475.900', 'B03.510.550.475.900'], ['G07.203.200.500.888', 'G07.203.300.350.300.888', 'J02.350.500.888', 'J02.500.350.300.888']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Association of MTHFR 677T variant allele with risk of intracerebral haemorrhage: a meta-analysis.
|
BACKGROUND: Previous studies concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) reported conflicting results. A meta-analysis of published studies was performed to allow a more reliable estimate of this association.METHODS: Relevant studies concerning the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of ICH were included into this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for this gene-disease association using fixed or random effect models.RESULTS: Finally, 16 studies with a total of 1828 cases and 4067 controls were included. Meta-analyses of a total of 16 studies showed that there was an obvious association of MTHFR 677T allele with risk of ICH under all four comparison models (OR(T vs. C)=1.38, 95% CI 1.17-1.62, P<0.001; OR(TT vs. CC)=1.90 95% CI 1.42-2.55, P<0.001; OR(TT vs. TC/CC)=1.38 95% CI 1.20-1.59, P<0.001; OR(TT/TC vs. CC)=1.41 95% CI 1.12-1.78, P=0.003). Besides, both subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis further identified the association above.CONCLUSION: The MTHFR 677T allele is associated with risk of ICH, and individuals with TT genotype have an obviously higher risk of ICH than those with the CC genotype.
|
['Aged', 'Alleles', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cerebral Hemorrhage', 'Comorbidity', 'Confidence Intervals', 'Female', 'Gene Frequency', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Genotype', 'Humans', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Hypertension', 'Male', 'Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)', 'Middle Aged', 'Models, Genetic', 'Odds Ratio', 'Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide', 'Risk']
| 22,938,732
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.030'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['E05.318.372.500.500', 'N05.715.360.330.500.500', 'N06.850.520.450.500.500'], ['C10.228.140.300.535.200', 'C14.907.253.573.200', 'C23.550.414.913.100'], ['N05.715.350.225', 'N06.850.490.687'], ['E05.318.740.275', 'N05.715.360.750.220', 'N06.850.520.830.275'], ['G05.330'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G05.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C16.320.565.100.480', 'C18.452.603.378', 'C18.452.648.100.480', 'C18.654.521.500.133.699.418'], ['C14.907.489'], ['D08.811.682.662.290', 'D12.776.331.775'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E05.599.395.397'], ['E05.318.740.600.600', 'G17.680.500', 'N05.715.360.750.625.590', 'N06.850.520.830.600.600'], ['G05.365.795.598'], ['E05.318.740.600.800', 'G17.680.750', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Occurrence of potentially pathogenic vibrios in final effluents of a wastewater treatment facility in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
|
We assessed the occurrence of Vibrio pathogens in the final effluents of a rural wastewater treatment facility in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as free or plankton-associated (180 microm, 60 microm and 20 microm plankton sizes) entities using standard culture-based and molecular techniques. The free-living Vibrio densities varied from 0 to 3.45 x 10(1) cfu ml(-1), while the plankton-associated Vibrio densities vary with plankton sizes as follows: 180 microm (0-4.50 x 10(3) cfu ml(-1)); 60 microm (0-4.86 x 10(3) cfu ml(-1)); 20 microm (0-1.9 x 10(5) cfu ml(-1)). The seasonal variations in the Vibrio densities in the 180 and 60 microm plankton size samples were significant (p < 0.05), while the 20 microm plankton size and free-living Vibrio densities were not. Molecular confirmation of the presumptive vibrios isolates revealed fluvialis (36.5%), as the predominant species, followed by Vibrio vulnificus (34.6%), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (23.1%); only API 20NE was employed to detect Vibrio metschnikovii (5.8%), suggesting a high incidence of pathogenic Vibrio species in the final effluent of the rural wastewater facility. Analysis suggested that the concentration of Vibrio species correlated negatively with salinity and temperature (p < 0.001 and p < 0.002 respectively) as well as with pH and turbidity (p < 0.001) in the final effluent. We conclude that rural wastewater treatment facilities in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa are potential sources of Vibrio pathogens in the aquatic environment of the communities.
|
['Bacterial Typing Techniques', 'Colony Count, Microbial', 'Rural Population', 'Salts', 'Seasons', 'South Africa', 'Temperature', 'Vibrio', 'Water', 'Water Microbiology', 'Water Purification']
| 19,732,825
|
[['E01.370.225.875.150.125', 'E05.200.875.150.125'], ['E01.370.225.875.220', 'E05.200.875.220'], ['N01.600.725'], ['D01.786'], ['G01.910.645.661', 'G16.500.275.071.590', 'N06.230.300.100.250.525'], ['Z01.058.290.175.735'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710'], ['B03.440.450.900.859', 'B03.660.250.830.830'], ['D01.045.250.875', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650', 'D01.650.550.925'], ['H01.158.273.540.274.777', 'N06.850.425.450'], ['N06.850.780.200.800.800.900.900', 'N06.850.860.510.900.900']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
|
Purification and crystallization of the light harvesting LH1 complex from Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
|
The LH1 light harvesting complex has been purified from a mutant of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides which synthesizes LH1 as the sole pigment protein. Crystallization trials using polyethylene glycol as the precipitant in the presence of the detergent n-octyl glucoside have resulted in the formation of needle like crystals which diffract beyond 3.5 A and which are relatively resistant to radiation damage. X-ray photographs have established that the crystals belong to the tetragonal system and are probably in space group P4(2)2(1)2. Estimates of the crystal density indicate that the asymmetric unit of the crystals contains two oligomers each with an alpha 6 beta 6 stoichiometry.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'Crystallization', 'Glucosides', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Photosynthesis', 'Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins', 'Polyethylene Glycols', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides', 'X-Ray Diffraction']
| 1,474,590
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['E05.196.300', 'G02.171'], ['D09.408.348'], ['D12.776.543'], ['G02.111.158.937', 'G02.111.669.700', 'G02.740.921', 'G03.191.937', 'G03.493.700', 'G03.800.700', 'G15.568'], ['D05.500.562.488', 'D08.811.600.710', 'D12.776.543.930.500', 'D12.776.765.199.750.750'], ['D02.033.455.250.700', 'D05.750.741', 'D25.720.741', 'J01.637.051.720.741'], ['B03.440.623.700', 'B03.660.050.750.700.700'], ['E05.196.309.742', 'E05.196.822.950', 'G01.867.950', 'G02.965']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
The effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the immune system.
|
AIM: To examine the effect of 25-OH vitamin D3 on the immune system in patients with nutritional rickets.METHODS: Fifty-three patients were included in our study between April 2002 and March 2004. Diagnosis of rickets was based on clinical, biochemical and radiological examinations. Cell surface markers (CD), complement factors (C), and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were determined to find out any relationship between rickets and immune system deficiency.RESULTS: Among the causes of admission to hospital, fever (66%) and coughing (62.2%) were the most frequent. Pneumonia was accompanied by rickets in 47.1% of the cases. Plasma CD4 levels before the treatment were higher than those in the post-treatment period, whereas CD20 and CD56 levels were lower.CONCLUSION: B cell and natural killer cell reduction which occur because of vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the development of pneumonia and other infections in patients with nutritional rickets.
|
['Alkaline Phosphatase', 'Antigens, CD', 'Calcifediol', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immune System', 'Immunoglobulins', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Parathyroid Hormone', 'Rickets']
| 20,020,581
|
[['D08.811.277.352.650.035'], ['D23.050.301.264.035', 'D23.101.100.110'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.159.478.250', 'D04.210.500.247.808.146.478.250', 'D04.210.500.812.768.196.478.250', 'D10.570.938.146.478.250'], ['M01.060.406.448'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A15.382'], ['D12.776.124.486.485', 'D12.776.124.790.651', 'D12.776.377.715.548'], ['M01.060.703'], ['D06.472.699.590', 'D12.644.548.587'], ['C05.116.198.816', 'C18.452.104.816', 'C18.452.174.845', 'C18.654.521.500.133.770.734']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
[Inhibitory effect of antisense LIF oligonucleotide on the outgrowth of human medulloblastoma cells].
|
In order to analyse the functional importance of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in the prolliferation of human medulloblastoma cells, antisense LIF oligonucleotides were used to block LIF gene expression in established medulloblastoma cell line Med-3. The effects of this measure on Med-3 cells were then investigated by using different approaches. The results revealed that LIF expression in the cells treated by antisense LIF reduced below the threshold being detectable with RT-CPR and anti-LIF immunocytochemistry also showed a negative lebelling. Meanwhile, proliferation rate of antisense treated cells decreased distinctively. In contrast, the LIF gene expression as well as proliferation of Med-3 cells treated by sense oligonucleotides remained similar as that of the normally cultured cells. The data suggest a LIF oriented gene/immune trial for the therapy of medulloblastomas and other LIF growth-associated tumors of humans.
|
['Adolescent', 'Brain Neoplasms', 'Cell Division', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Gene Expression', 'Growth Inhibitors', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukemia Inhibitory Factor', 'Lymphokines', 'Male', 'Medulloblastoma', 'Oligonucleotides, Antisense', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']
| 9,275,663
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['C04.588.614.250.195', 'C10.228.140.211', 'C10.551.240.250'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['G05.297'], ['D27.505.696.377.450'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.644.276.374.465.224', 'D12.776.467.374.465.202', 'D23.529.374.465.224'], ['D12.644.276.374.470', 'D12.776.467.374.470', 'D23.529.374.470'], ['D12.644.276.374.480', 'D12.776.467.374.480', 'D23.529.374.480'], ['C04.557.465.625.600.380.515', 'C04.557.465.625.600.590.500', 'C04.557.470.670.380.515', 'C04.557.470.670.590.500', 'C04.557.580.625.600.380.515', 'C04.557.580.625.600.590.500'], ['D13.150.480', 'D13.444.600.150.640', 'D13.695.578.424.480', 'D27.720.470.530.600.150.640'], ['A11.251.860']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Comparison between Positive Dental Images and Neutral Images in Managing Anticipatory Anxiety of Children.
|
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of positive images versus neutral images on child behavior during dental treatment and their dental anxiety after dental treatment.STUDY DESIGN: Sixty, 4 to 6 year old healthy pediatric dental patients, indicated for pulpotomy and stainless steel crown restorations, were divided randomly into two equal groups. Group I (experimental group viewed positive dental images and group II (control group) viewed neutral cartoon images prior to treatment. Behavior was assessed using Frankl rating scale in all four treatment phases: seating, local anesthesia administration, pulpotomy and overall rating. Patient's anxiety was determined according to Venham Picture Test (VPT) before and after dental procedure.RESULTS: Behavior rating using the Frankl scale showed a statistically significant difference in the two groups in the overall rating (P= 0.003, 0.001 respectively). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in any of the treatment phases (P= 0.288, 0.060, 0.719 respectively) and between the mean VPT scores before and after procedures (P=0.95, 0.93 respectively.CONCLUSION: Viewing neutral or positive dental images did not have an effect on child's anticipatory anxiety level. However, it is an effective method of improving the behavior in children.
|
['Cartoons as Topic', 'Child', 'Child Behavior', 'Dental Anxiety', 'Humans']
| 28,288,299
|
[['K01.093.206.332'], ['M01.060.406'], ['F01.145.179'], ['F01.470.132.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400']]
|
['Humanities [K]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Tissue differences in protein synthesis of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus).
|
In a series of experiment to elucidate the rule of amino acid requirements in the fowls from small to large ones, the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of protein were determined to collect basal data on protein and amino acid metabolism in budgerigars as a small bird. Twenty young adult budgerigars were injected with 0.1 ml/10 g body weight containing 40 microCi/100 mumol phenylalanine/ml in a wing vein, and killed at 2 and 10 min after the injection. The FSR in the whole body, liver, proventriculs and gizzard, intestine and breast muscle were determined. The FSR were not the same in all tissues, and estimated values were highest in the liver (104.7), and followed by the intestines (68.0), whole body (55.2), proventriculs + Gizzard (46.8), heart (35.8) and breast muscle (26.9%/day).
|
['Amino Acids', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Animals', 'DNA', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Liver', 'Myocardium', 'Parrots', 'Phenylalanine', 'Protein Biosynthesis', 'RNA']
| 9,606,422
|
[['D12.125'], ['E05.318.740.150', 'N05.715.360.750.125', 'N06.850.520.830.150'], ['B01.050'], ['D13.444.308'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['A03.620'], ['A02.633.580', 'A07.541.704', 'A10.690.552.750'], ['B01.050.150.900.248.710.672'], ['D12.125.072.050.685', 'D12.125.142.666'], ['G02.111.660.871', 'G03.734.871', 'G05.297.670'], ['D13.444.735']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema.
|
PURPOSE: This study aimed to demonstrate that vitrectomy may prevent the occurrence of diabetic macular oedema (DMO).METHODS: Three patients with diabetes type 1 underwent vitrectomy in one eye to treat complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.RESULTS: During follow-up, all patients suffered unilateral macular oedema in the non-vitrectomized eye as a result of general metabolic changes. In two of these patients, the DMO resolved with management of the underlying medical condition.CONCLUSIONS: These case reports suggest the vitreous may play a role in the occurrence of DMO associated with general risk factors. Further studies are needed to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of DMO.
|
['Adult', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Laser Coagulation', 'Macular Edema', 'Male', 'Retinal Detachment', 'Visual Acuity', 'Vitrectomy', 'Vitreous Hemorrhage', 'Young Adult']
| 19,485,958
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['C18.452.394.750.124', 'C19.246.267', 'C20.111.327'], ['C11.768.257', 'C14.907.320.382', 'C19.246.099.500.382'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.520.745.410', 'E02.594.530', 'E04.014.520.530', 'E04.350.750.410', 'E04.540.630.410'], ['C11.768.585.439.245'], ['C11.768.648'], ['E01.370.380.850.950', 'F02.463.593.932.901', 'G14.940'], ['E04.540.960'], ['C11.290.960', 'C23.550.414.756.887'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Effect of 5-HT1B receptor agonists injected into the prefrontal cortex on maternal aggression in rats.
|
Serotonin (5-HT1B) receptors play an essential role in the inhibition of aggressive behavior in rodents. CP-94,253, a 5-HT1B receptor agonist, can reduce aggression in male mice when administered directly into the ventro-orbitofrontal (VO) prefrontal cortex (PFC). The objective of the current study was to assess the effects of two selective 5-HT1B receptor agonists (CP-94,253 and CP-93,129), microinjected into the VO PFC, on maternal aggressive behavior after social instigation in rats. CP-94,253 (0.56 microg/0.2 microL, N = 8, and 1.0 microg/0.2 microL, N = 8) or CP-93,129 (1.0 microg/0.2 microL, N = 9) was microinjected into the VO PFC of Wistar rats on the 9th day postpartum and 15 min thereafter the aggressive behavior by the resident female against a male intruder was recorded for 10 min. The frequency and duration of aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests. CP-93,129 significantly decreased maternal aggression. The frequency of lateral attacks, bites and pinnings was reduced compared to control, while the non-aggressive behaviors and maternal care were largely unaffected by this treatment. CP-94,253 had no significant effects on aggressive or non-aggressive behaviors when microinjected into the same area of female rats. CP-93,129, a specific 5-HT1B receptor agonist, administered into the VO PFC reduced maternal aggressive behavior, while the CP-94,253 agonist did not significantly affect this behavior after social instigation in female rats. We conclude that only the 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP-93,129 administered into the VO PFC decreased aggression in female rats postpartum after social instigation.
|
['Aggression', 'Animals', 'Behavior, Animal', 'Female', 'Male', 'Maternal Behavior', 'Microinjections', 'Prefrontal Cortex', 'Pyridines', 'Pyrroles', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B', 'Serotonin Receptor Agonists']
| 17,581,682
|
[['F01.145.126.125', 'F01.145.813.045'], ['B01.050'], ['F01.145.113'], ['F01.829.263.370.215'], ['E02.319.267.530.690', 'E05.591.570'], ['A08.186.211.200.885.287.500.270.700'], ['D03.383.725'], ['D03.383.129.578'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['D12.776.543.750.670.800.100.150', 'D12.776.543.750.695.800.100.150', 'D12.776.543.750.720.670.100.500', 'D12.776.543.750.720.850.100.150'], ['D27.505.519.625.850.800', 'D27.505.696.577.850.800']]
|
['Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
'Modulation of the enzymatic activities of replicative helicase (DnaB) by interaction with Hp0897: a possible mechanism for helicase loading in Helicobacter pylori'.
|
DNA replication in Helicobacter pylori is initiated from a unique site (oriC) on its chromosome where several proteins assemble to form a functional replisome. The assembly of H. pylori replication machinery is similar to that of the model gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli except for the absence of DnaC needed to recruit the hexameric DnaB helicase at the replisome assembly site. In the absence of an obvious DnaC homologue inH. pylori, the question arises as to whether HpDnaB helicase is loaded at theHp-replication origin by itself or is assisted by other unidentified protein(s). A high-throughput yeast two-hybrid study has revealed two proteins of unknown functions (Hp0897 and Hp0340) that interact with HpDnaB. Here we demonstrate that Hp0897 interacts with HpDnaB helicase in vitro as well as in vivo Furthermore, the interaction stimulates the DNA binding activity of HpDnaB and modulates its adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis and helicase activities significantly. Prior complex formation of Hp0897 and HpDnaB enhances the binding/loading of DnaB onto DNA. Hp0897, along with HpDnaB, colocalizes with replication complex at initiation but does not move with the replisome during elongation. Together, these results suggest a possible role of Hp0897 in loading of HpDnaB at oriC.
|
['Bacterial Proteins', 'DNA, Bacterial', 'DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase', 'DnaB Helicases', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Multienzyme Complexes', 'Protein Binding', 'Protein Multimerization']
| 27,001,508
|
[['D12.776.097'], ['D13.444.308.212'], ['D08.811.913.696.445.308.300'], ['D08.811.277.040.025.159.124', 'D08.811.399.340.124'], ['B03.440.500.550', 'B03.660.150.235.500.250.550'], ['D05.500.562', 'D08.811.600'], ['G02.111.679', 'G03.808'], ['G02.111.694']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled evaluation of calcium chloride and epinephrine for inotropic support after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass.
|
Forty hemodynamically stable patients were randomized to receive an intravenous bolus of either calcium chloride (5 mg/kg) (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) (phase I). Six minutes later, they received either an epinephrine (30 ng.kg-1.min-1) (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) infusion (phase II). Hemodynamic and ionized calcium measurements were obtained in phase I at baseline and at 3 and 6 min after the bolus, and in phase II, at 3 and 6 min (study times 9 and 12 min) after initiation of the infusion. Compared with placebo, calcium did not significantly increase cardiac index but significantly increased mean arterial pressure. Calcium improved cardiac index from 2.46 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SEM) to 2.74 +/- 0.12 L.min-1.m-2; likewise, placebo improved cardiac index from 2.51 +/- 0.15 to 2.74 +/- 0.15 L.min-1.m-2. Mean arterial blood pressure increased with calcium from 74 +/- 2 to 82 +/- 3 mm Hg compared with a placebo change of 74 +/- 2 to 76 +/- 2 mm Hg. Patients who received the epinephrine infusion (n = 20) demonstrated a significant increase in cardiac index at time 12 min compared with patients receiving only placebo (n = 20). Cardiac index of the epinephrine group increased from 2.56 +/- 0.15 to 2.92 +/- 0.22 L.min-1.m-2, whereas in the placebo group it decreased from 2.86 +/- 0.13 to 2.78 +/- 0.12 L.min-1.m-2. Prior administration of calcium did not alter the subsequent response to epinephrine (n = 10) compared with patients receiving epinephrine alone (n = 10). We conclude that cardiac index improves with time without drug therapy after bypass. Calcium chloride increases mean arterial blood pressure but not cardiac index immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas low-dose epinephrine significantly increases both cardiac index and mean arterial blood pressure without causing tachycardia in these patients. Calcium chloride (5 mg/kg) did not augment or inhibit the hemodynamic response to an epinephrine infusion.
|
['Calcium', 'Calcium Chloride', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Drug Interactions', 'Epinephrine', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Infusions, Intravenous', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Period']
| 1,734,794
|
[['D01.268.552.100', 'D01.552.539.288', 'D23.119.100'], ['D01.146.300', 'D01.210.450.150.150'], ['E04.292.413'], ['G07.690.773.968'], ['D02.033.100.291.310', 'D02.092.063.291.310', 'D02.092.211.215.454', 'D02.092.311.461', 'D02.455.426.559.389.657.166.175.461'], ['G09.330.380'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E02.319.267.082.500', 'E02.319.267.510.590'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E04.614.750', 'N02.421.585.753.750']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Melanin: the biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation.
|
The presence of melanocytes in the oral epithelium is a well-established fact, but their physiological functions are not well defined. Melanin provides protection from environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation and reactive oxygen species; and melanocytes function as stress-sensors having the capacity both to react to and to produce a variety of microenvironmental cytokines and growth factors, modulating immune, inflammatory and antibacterial responses. Melanocytes also act as neuroendocrine cells producing local neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, catecholamines and opioids, and hormones of the melanocortin system such as proopiomelanocortin, adrenocorticotropic hormone and á-melanocyte stimulating hormone, that participate in intracellular and in intercellular signalling pathways, thus contributing to tissue homeostasis.There is a wide range of normal variation in melanin pigmentation of the oral mucosa. In general, darker skinned persons more frequently have oral melanin pigmentation than light-skinned persons. Variations in oral physiological pigmentation are genetically determined unless associated with some underlying disease.In this article, we discuss some aspects of the biophysiology of oral melanocytes, of the functions of melanin, and of physiological oral pigmentation.
|
['Humans', 'Melanins', 'Melanocytes', 'Mouth Mucosa', 'Oral Health', 'Skin Pigmentation', 'Stem Cells', 'Tooth Socket']
| 24,661,309
|
[['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D12.125.072.050.875.379', 'D23.767.620'], ['A11.409.750', 'A11.436.613'], ['A10.615.550.599', 'A14.549.512'], ['N01.400.535'], ['E01.370.600.115.450.500', 'E01.370.600.620.750', 'G07.100.175.500', 'G13.750.837', 'G16.690.890'], ['A11.872'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.125.800', 'A14.521.125.800', 'A14.549.167.646.094.800']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
[A comparative study of suicide notes in over 65 years old patients (preliminary data)].
|
OBJECTIVE: To determine, in older suicide attempt inpatients, differences between leaving a suicide note and not leaving it as regards age, sex, marital status, religion, living alone, level of education, present psychiatric treatment, severity of suicidal attempt, previous suicidal arousal, afterwards suicidal arousal, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depression, dementia, narcissistic personality disorder, physical pain, previous suicide attempt, familiar history of suicide or suicide attempt.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a comparative, prospective, observational, transversal, single blind study.RESULTS: We studied 31 patients. Statistical significant associations were found between leaving a suicide note and hopelessness (p=0.03;OR=8.57;IC=1.19-95.33) and severe suicide attempt (p=0.022;OR=8.40;IC=1.28-63.88).DISCUSSION: Although associations between writing suicide notes and hopelessness have not been reported, our results are not surprising because, on one side, the severity of the suicide attempt is more related to hopelessness than to any other depressive parameter and, on the other side, leaving a suicide note is associated to severe suicide attempts. Finally, to feel hopeless and to leave a suicide note are associated to severe suicide attempts.
|
['Aged', 'Communication', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Handwriting', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Prospective Studies', 'Single-Blind Method', 'Suicide']
| 12,883,595
|
[['M01.060.116.100'], ['F01.145.209', 'L01.143'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['L01.559.423.906.539'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.625', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.650', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.650'], ['E05.318.370.850', 'N05.715.360.325.730', 'N06.850.520.445.850'], ['F01.145.126.980.875', 'I01.880.735.856']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Treating a mandibular condylar fracture in a patient with Huntington's disease.
|
This case illustrates the use of a microplate in the open reduction and fixation of an intracapsular mandibular condylar fracture in a patient who was unable to tolerate a closed reduction because of the nature of her chronic illness. The advantages of this method of fracture fixation include early function and elimination of intermaxillary fixation, which benefited our patient. This technique should be reserved for patients for whom conservative measures are not appropriate.
|
['Dental Care for Disabled', 'Female', 'Fracture Fixation, Internal', 'Humans', 'Huntington Disease', 'Mandibular Condyle', 'Mandibular Fractures', 'Middle Aged']
| 1,387,660
|
[['E06.170.310', 'N02.421.240.190.230'], ['E04.555.300.300'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['C10.228.140.079.545', 'C10.228.140.380.278', 'C10.228.662.262.249.750', 'C10.574.500.497', 'C16.320.400.430', 'F03.615.250.400', 'F03.615.400.390'], ['A02.835.232.781.324.502.632.600', 'A14.521.632.600'], ['C10.900.300.284.500.400.255', 'C26.404.750.467.441', 'C26.915.300.425.500.400.255'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Named Groups [M]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Protective effect of the aqueous leaf and seed extract of Phyllanthus amarus on gentamicin and acetaminophen-induced nephrotoxic rats.
|
AIM OF THE STUDY: In African traditional medicine, different parts of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. (family: Euphorbiaceae) are highly valued for the treatment of array of human diseases including hepatic and urolithic and/or other renal diseases. In the present study, single oral 100-400mg/kg/day of the leaf and seed aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus (PA) were studied for their protective effects in acetaminophen- and gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic Wistar rats for 14 days.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In each model of nephrotoxicities, thirty adult male Wistar rats were evenly divided into 5 groups. Groups I and II served as untreated and model controls, respectively while groups III-V were the treatment groups which were pretreated with 100-400mg/kg/day of PA 1hr before each dose of the nephrotoxicants for 14 days. On the 15th day, blood samples for serum urea and creatinine while the rat kidneys for histology were obtained under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia.RESULTS: In the acetaminophen nephrotoxic rats, 100-400mg/kg/day significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001) attenuated elevations in the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in dose related fashion, as well as, attenuation of acetaminophen-induced tubulonephrosis. Similar effects were also recorded in the gentamicin model of acute renal injury. Results suggest that the nephroprotective effect of PA could be due to the inherent antioxidant and free-radical-scavanging principle(s) contained in the extract.CONCLUSIONS: In the near future, PA could constitute a lead to discovery of a novel drug for the treatment of drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
|
['Acetaminophen', 'Animals', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury', 'Creatinine', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'Gentamicins', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Phyllanthus', 'Plant Extracts', 'Plant Leaves', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Seeds']
| 18,554,830
|
[['D02.065.199.092.040', 'D02.092.146.113.092.040'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['C06.552.100', 'C25.100.562', 'C25.723.260'], ['D03.383.129.308.207'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['G07.690.773.875', 'G07.690.936.500'], ['D27.505.519.217.500'], ['D09.408.051.374'], ['A03.620'], ['B01.650.940.800.575.912.250.859.797.438.622'], ['D20.215.784.500', 'D26.667'], ['A18.024.812'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900'], ['A18.024.500.750', 'G07.203.300.775', 'J02.500.775']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride are not confined to mammalian tissue: evidence for direct effects of ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms.
|
Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on ruminal fermentation and proteolysis. In Exp. 1, in vitro gas and VFA production was measured in flasks incubated with 0, 0.226, 2.26, 22.6, and 226.0 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid. Ractopamine hydrochloride had a quadratic effect on in vitro gas production (P < 0.05; 177, 181, 185, 190, and 170 mL for 0, 0.226, 2.26, 22.6, and 226.0 mg, respectively). Total VFA production was not significantly changed with RAC (P > 0.50). In Exp. 2, IVDMD was measured with tubes incubated with 0, 0.226, 2.26, or 22.6 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid with 4 substrate combinations: corn, corn plus soybean meal, corn plus urea, and corn plus soybean meal plus urea. Dry matter disappearance was measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 h of fermentation. There was an interaction between RAC and substrate (P < 0.01), with more degradable forms of nitrogen eliciting greater IVDMD from RAC. Significant main effects also were detected for RAC, substrate, and hour (P < 0.001). In Exp. 3, AA and ammonia were measured in tubes treated with 0 or 2.26 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid. Tubes were incubated for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, or 240 min. There were decreases in ammonia and AA concentrations with RAC (P < 0.001). Experiment 4 used 16 ruminally fistulated Holstein steers in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors consisted of grain processing method (steam-flaked or dry-rolled corn), concentration of dried distillers grains (DG) with solubles (0 or 25% DG, DM basis), and concentration of RAC (0 or 200 mg/d). Ruminal ammonia concentrations were less when RAC was fed in combination with dry-rolled corn, but not when RAC was fed in conjunction with steam-flaked corn (grain processing x RAC, P < 0.01). Addition of RAC, steam-flaked corn, and DG all resulted in reduced ruminal ammonia concentrations (P < 0.01). Amino acid concentrations were decreased when RAC was added to diets with DG but were unchanged in diets without added DG (DG x RAC, P < 0.05). Changes in ruminal ammonia and AA concentrations with RAC supplementation are dependent on grain processing and the addition of DG to finishing diets. Results from these studies suggest that RAC affects fermentation by ruminal microflora. Effects of the interactions between RAC and protein source, grain processing, and DG on proteolysis could have important implications when formulating diets for cattle supplemented with RAC.
|
['Adrenergic beta-Agonists', 'Amino Acids', 'Animals', 'Cattle', 'Digestion', 'Euryarchaeota', 'Fermentation', 'Phenethylamines', 'Proteins', 'Rumen']
| 19,820,054
|
[['D27.505.519.625.050.100.200', 'D27.505.696.577.050.100.200'], ['D12.125'], ['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.271'], ['G07.203.650.250', 'G10.261.190'], ['B02.200'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['D02.092.471.683'], ['D12.776'], ['A13.869.804']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Differentiation of immune cells challenged by bacteria in the common European starfish, Asterias rubens (Echinodermata).
|
Amoebocytes are the main effector cells of the echinoderm immune system. In starfishes, a taxon in which bacterial diseases have been rarely reported, amoebocytes are considered to be the only circulating and immune cell type. The present paper addresses the question of amoebocyte differentiation in the starfish Asterias rubens when challenged by bacteria. Starfishes were injected with FITC-coupled bacteria (Micrococcus luteus). Amoebocytes were collected at regular time intervals for 24 h. The cytometric characteristics and the phagocytic activity were studied by flow cytometry. Three amoebocyte groups of different size were identified. The cell concentrations of the two largest and more numerous of these groups (G2 and G3) were modulated by immune stimulation while the group of smallest, less numerous, cells (G1) was unaffected. All of these cell groups were phagocytic but their kinetics of cell activation and bacteria ingestion differed. G1 cells showed the lowest phagocytic activity while G3 cells had the highest and fastest phagocytic activity. Starfish amoebocytes appear to be segregated in three groups, two of them (G2 and G3) being immunomodulated and one of them presenting a very fast reaction to bacteria. It is suggested that the high efficiency of the immune system in starfishes is related to this fast reaction.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate', 'Immune System', 'Kinetics', 'Micrococcus luteus', 'Phagocytosis', 'Starfish', 'Time Factors']
| 12,160,149
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.152'], ['E01.370.225.500.363.342', 'E01.370.225.500.386.350', 'E05.196.712.516.600.240.350', 'E05.200.500.363.342', 'E05.200.500.386.350', 'E05.242.363.342', 'E05.242.386.350'], ['D02.455.426.779.347.400', 'D02.500.375.250', 'D02.886.250.250', 'D03.633.300.953.275.400', 'D04.711.347.400'], ['A15.382'], ['G01.374.661', 'G02.111.490'], ['B03.510.024.850.500.500', 'B03.510.400.500.500.400'], ['G04.417.350', 'G09.188.665', 'G12.450.564.809', 'G12.688'], ['B01.050.500.408.765'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Molecular genetic analysis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with the 3460 mutation in Japanese pedigrees].
|
We have identified a point mutation at nucleotide position 3460 in the ND1 gene of complex I in a Japanese pedigree with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy by sequencing the ND genes in mitochondrial DNA. None of the 60 healthy Japanese had the 3460 mutation. The proband and his mother also had the 7444 mutation in the COI gene of complex IV and became nearly blind at age 19 with visual acuities of 0.02 OD and 0.04 OS We screened 30 patients with bilateral optic atrophy for the 3460 mutation, and identified one male patient who had the 3460 mutation in heteroplasmic fashion without carrying the 7444 mutation. He lost his sight at age 14 but it recovered to 1.2 OD and 0.7 OS about two years and half after the onset. The difference in final visual acuity between these two patients may reflect the degree of reduction in mitochondrial energy production.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Base Sequence', 'DNA, Mitochondrial', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Japan', 'Male', 'Molecular Sequence Data', 'Nucleotide Mapping', 'Optic Atrophies, Hereditary', 'Pedigree', 'Point Mutation']
| 7,611,010
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['G02.111.570.080', 'G05.360.080', 'L01.453.245.667.080'], ['D13.444.308.283.225'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['Z01.252.474.463', 'Z01.639.595'], ['L01.453.245.667'], ['E05.196.181.400.454.655', 'E05.196.401.319.670', 'E05.196.680'], ['C10.292.700.225.500', 'C10.574.500.662', 'C11.270.564', 'C11.640.451.451', 'C16.320.290.564', 'C16.320.400.630'], ['E05.393.673'], ['G05.365.590.675']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
|
Sense of coherence and periodontal health outcomes.
|
OBJECTIVE: Sense of Coherence (SOC) has been associated with perceived oral health measures, but the contribution of SOC to clinical measures is still unclear. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the potential association between periodontal health outcomes, such as periodontal clinical parameters and perceived periodontal health, and SOC.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study sample comprised 276 individuals, aged 18-60 years, from Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Participants answered questionnaires covering sociodemographic variables, self-perceived periodontal health and SOC. Full-mouth periodontal examinations were performed. The sample was divided into three groups according to SOC score: (a) SOC1 = weak (24-46); (b) SOC2 = moderate (47-51); (c) SOC3 = strong (52-65). Multivariate analyses including appropriate logistic or linear regression models were performed to evaluate the association between periodontal health outcomes and biological, sociodemographic and behavioural variables.RESULTS: Perceived general oral health was associated with family income bracket (p = 0.010), smoking (p = 0.004), dental flossing (p = 0.017) and SOC (weak SOC: p = 0.005). Perceived gum disease and perceived periodontal disease were associated with SOC (weak SOC: p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Overall, perceived periodontal health outcomes were associated with SOC. However, no association between clinical periodontal health outcomes and SOC were observed.
|
['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attitude to Health', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Dental Devices, Home Care', 'Dental Plaque Index', 'Female', 'Gingivitis', 'Humans', 'Income', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Oral Health', 'Periodontal Attachment Loss', 'Periodontal Index', 'Periodontal Pocket', 'Periodontitis', 'Self Concept', 'Sense of Coherence', 'Smoking', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Young Adult']
| 27,244,670
|
[['M01.060.057'], ['M01.060.116'], ['F01.100.150', 'N05.300.150'], ['E05.318.372.500.875', 'N05.715.360.330.500.875', 'N06.850.520.450.500.875'], ['E06.186.250', 'E06.761.726.292', 'E07.222.250'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.300', 'E06.208.250', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.325', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.300', 'N06.890.160.090'], ['C01.408', 'C07.465.714.258.480'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['N01.824.417'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N01.400.535'], ['C07.465.714.354.750'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.300.725', 'E06.208.720', 'E06.721.658', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.300.690', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.300.725', 'N06.890.160.215'], ['C07.465.714.533.750'], ['C07.465.714.533'], ['F01.752.747.792'], ['F01.058.788', 'F01.752.747.792.925'], ['F01.145.805'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Loss of tumor-suppressive function during chemically induced neoplastic progression of Syrian hamster embryo cells.
|
Cell hybrids between normal, early-passage Syrian hamster embryo cells and a highly tumorigenic, chemically transformed hamster cell line, BP6T, were formed, selected, and analyzed. Tumorigenicity and anchorage-independent growth were suppressed in the hybrid cells compared to the tumorigenic BP6T cells. These two phenotypes segregated coordinately in these cells. To determine at what stage in the neoplastic process this tumor-suppressive function was lost, two chemically induced immortal cell lines were examined at different passages for the ability to suppress the tumorigenic phenotype of BP6T cells following hybridization. Hybrids of BP6T cells with the immortal, nontumorigenic cell lines at early passages were suppressed for tumorigenicity and anchorage-independent growth. This tumor-suppressive ability was reduced in the same cells at later passages and in some cases nearly completely lost, prior to the neoplastic transformation of the immortal cell lines. Subclones of the cell lines were heterogeneous in their ability to suppress tumorigenicity in cell hybrids; some clones retained the tumor-suppressive ability and others lost this function. The susceptibility to neoplastic transformation of these cells following DNA transfection with the viral ras oncogene or BP6T DNA inversely correlated with the tumor-suppressive ability of the cells. These results suggest that chemically induced neoplastic progression of Syrian hamster embryo cells involves at least three steps: induction of immortality, activation of a transforming oncogene, and loss of a tumor-suppressive function.
|
['Animals', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cricetinae', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Embryo, Mammalian', 'Hybrid Cells', 'Mesocricetus', 'Oncogenes']
| 3,461,473
|
[['B01.050'], ['G04.022'], ['G04.144.220', 'G04.161.750.500', 'G05.113', 'G07.345.249.410.750.500'], ['A11.251.210'], ['C04.697.098.500', 'C23.550.727.098.500'], ['A11.251'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250'], ['D13.444.308.425'], ['A16.254'], ['A11.251.600'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.075.250.500'], ['G05.360.340.024.340.375.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Working with RNA.
|
Working with RNA is not a special discipline in molecular biology. However, RNA is chemically and structurally different from DNA and a few simple work rules have to be implemented to maintain the integrity of the RNA. Alkaline pH, high temperatures, and heavy metal ions should be avoided when possible and ribonucleases kept in check. The chapter outlines the specific precautions recommended for work with RNA and describes some of the modifications to standard protocols in molecular biology that are relevant to RNA work. The methods are applicable to all types of RNA and require a minimum of specialized equipment.
|
['Chemistry Techniques, Analytical', 'Diethyl Pyrocarbonate', 'Electrophoresis', 'Genetic Techniques', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Metals', 'Nucleotides', 'Preservation, Biological', 'RNA', 'Ribonucleases', 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'Temperature']
| 21,125,480
|
[['E05.196'], ['D02.241.081.420.750.250'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['E05.393'], ['G02.300'], ['D01.552'], ['D09.408.620', 'D13.695'], ['E02.792', 'E05.760'], ['D13.444.735'], ['D08.811.277.352.700'], ['E05.196.712.726.802', 'E05.196.867.826.802'], ['G01.906.595', 'G16.500.275.063.725.710', 'G16.500.750.775.710', 'N06.230.150.450', 'N06.230.300.100.725.710']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Chemical venous thromboembolic prophylaxis is safe and effective for patients with traumatic brain injury when started 24 hours after the absence of hemorrhage progression on head CT.
|
BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to be an important complication for patients with trauma, including patients with intracranial hemorrhage. We implemented a protocol starting chemical prophylaxis 24 hours after the absence of progression of hemorrhage on computed tomography (CT) to increase consistency with the use of chemical venous thromboembolic prophylaxis in this population. The objective of this study was to review the protocol of VTE prophylaxis for patients with traumatic brain injury at our institution to determine whether it has been effective and safe in preventing VTE without increasing intracranial hemorrhage.METHODS: A retrospective case series was conducted to study 205 patients with intracranial hemorrhage admitted to a Level I trauma center during a 24-month period. These patients were reviewed with respect to type of intracranial injury, need for surgery, injury severity, time to initiation of chemical prophylaxis, and progression of injury on brain CT. Patients with a hospital length of stay less than 3 days or nonstable CT were excluded in the analysis of administration of chemical prophylaxis. Time to chemical prophylaxis in relation to absence of progression on brain CT was examined as well as the subsequent risk of progression of hemorrhage and risk of VTE events. The overall rate of venous thromboembolism was compared with that of matched historical controls.RESULTS: All patients received mechanical prophylaxis in the form of sequential compression devices. One hundred sixty-two intracranial hemorrhages were identified in 122 patients who met the study's inclusion criteria. Of this group of patients who did not have progression of hemorrhage on follow-up CT, 76.2% received chemical prophylaxis during their hospitalization.No patients had progression of intracranial hemorrhage after initiation of chemical VTE prophylaxis, and no patients developed VTE. This represents a decrease of VTE from previous years. No other complications related to chemical VTE prophylaxis were identified.CONCLUSION: A protocol based on an early use of chemical venous thromboembolic prophylaxis after the absence of progression of tramatic intracranial hemorrhage does not result in increased progression of intracranial hemorrhage and reduced the rate of venous thromboembolic events at our institution.
|
['Adult', 'Anticoagulants', 'Brain Injuries', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hospital Mortality', 'Humans', 'Injury Severity Score', 'Intracranial Hemorrhages', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monitoring, Physiologic', 'Patient Safety', 'Primary Prevention', 'Risk Assessment', 'Secondary Prevention', 'Survival Rate', 'Tomography, X-Ray Computed', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Venous Thromboembolism', 'Young Adult']
| 22,846,950
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D27.505.954.502.119'], ['C10.228.140.199', 'C10.900.300.087', 'C26.915.300.200'], ['C23.550.291.656'], ['E05.318.372.500.750.249', 'N05.715.360.330.500.750.350', 'N06.850.520.450.500.750.350'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.400', 'N01.224.935.698.400', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.400', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.400'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.318.308.940.968.875.500', 'E05.944.600', 'N04.452.859.564.800.500', 'N05.715.360.300.715.500.800.400'], ['C10.228.140.300.535', 'C14.907.253.573', 'C23.550.414.913'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['E01.370.520'], ['N06.850.135.060.075.399'], ['N02.421.726.758', 'N06.850.780.680'], ['E05.318.740.600.800.715', 'N04.452.871.715', 'N05.715.360.750.625.700.690', 'N06.850.505.715', 'N06.850.520.830.600.800.715'], ['E02.897', 'N02.421.726.825', 'N06.850.780.750'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.900', 'N01.224.935.698.826', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.900', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.900'], ['E01.370.350.350.810', 'E01.370.350.600.350.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.700.810', 'E01.370.350.700.810.810', 'E01.370.350.825.810.810'], ['E01.789.800', 'N04.761.559.590.800', 'N05.715.360.575.575.800'], ['C14.907.355.590.700'], ['M01.060.116.815']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Multiplexed protein analysis using spotted antibody microarrays.
|
This chapter describes methods for the production and use of antibody microarrays. The methods are divided into (a) antibody handling and microarray production, (b) sample preparation, and (c) microarray use. Two types of detection methods are described: direct labeling and a fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA). In the direct labeling method, all proteins in a complex mixture are labeled with either a fluorophore or a hapten that allows subsequent detection. In FLISA detection, a capture antibody on the microarray captures the unlabeled protein target, which is detected by a detection antibody and a fluorophore-labeled secondary antibody. Each method has particular optimal uses, which are discussed in the text.
|
['Antibodies', 'Fluorescent Dyes', 'Humans', 'Immunoassay', 'Protein Array Analysis', 'Proteins']
| 15,020,778
|
[['D12.776.124.486.485.114', 'D12.776.124.790.651.114', 'D12.776.377.715.548.114'], ['D27.720.233.348', 'D27.720.470.410.505.500'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E05.478.566', 'E05.601.470'], ['E05.588.570.700', 'E05.601.680'], ['D12.776']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Rumen fermentation characteristics, nitrogen balance and growth in lambs fed methane digester effluent.
|
A laboratory silo trial, two lamb metabolism trials and a lamb growth trial were conducted to compare the nitrogen (N) value of swine methane digester effluent (MDE) to that of urea. Using laboratory silos (four/treatment), fermentation characteristics were measured for silages containing cracked corn, ground wheat straw and MDE added at levels of 0, 4, 8 or 12% of silage dry matter (DM). Lactic acid concentration increased linearly with up to 8% MDE addition, but then decreased (P less than .05; quadratic) with 12% MDE. Butyric acid was highest (P less than .05; linear) with 12% MDE, indicating an undesirable fermentation. In a metabolism study, DM, organic matter and N digestibilities and N balance were similar (P greater than .10) between urea and MDE, but DM digestibility was lower (P less than .05) for ensiled diets (52%) than diets fed fresh daily (59.4%). Mean ruminal volatile fatty acid, ruminal ammonia-N and plasma urea-N concentrations were similar (P greater than .10) between urea- and MDE-fed lambs. Plasma urea-N was higher (P less than .05) and ruminal isovaleric acid lower (P less than .05) in animals fed ensiled than fresh diets. In the second metabolism trial, digestibility of N was lowest (P less than .05) for MDE (51.2%) and highest for soybean meal (SBM; 71.8%), but N balance was similar among all diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
|
['Animal Feed', 'Animals', 'Blood Urea Nitrogen', 'Body Weight', 'Fatty Acids, Volatile', 'Fermentation', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Lactates', 'Lactic Acid', 'Male', 'Manure', 'Nitrogen', 'Rumen', 'Sheep', 'Silage', 'Urea']
| 4,019,340
|
[['G07.203.300.300.100', 'J02.500.300.100'], ['B01.050'], ['E01.370.225.124.100.115', 'E01.370.390.400.100', 'E05.200.124.100.115'], ['C23.888.144', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120', 'E05.041.124.160.750', 'G07.100.100.160.120', 'G07.345.249.314.120'], ['D10.251.400'], ['G02.111.158.249', 'G03.191.249'], ['G02.300'], ['D02.241.511.459'], ['D02.241.511.459.450'], ['D20.601'], ['D01.268.604', 'D01.362.625'], ['A13.869.804'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.500.380.791'], ['G07.203.200.750', 'G07.203.300.300.100.800', 'J02.350.750', 'J02.500.300.100.800'], ['D02.065.950']]
|
['Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Mechanical Properties and Cell Compatibility of Agarose Hydrogels Containing Proteoglycan Mimetic Graft Copolymers.
|
Proteoglycans have vital biochemical and biomechanical functions. Their proteolytic degradation results in loss of these functions. We have previously reported nonprotein proteoglycan-mimetic graft copolymers that stabilize and deliver growth factors and are not subject to proteases. Here we expand our investigation of these proteoglycan mimics by also investigating their effects on hydrogel mechanical properties. Four polysaccharide side chains, chondroitin sulfate, heparin, dextran, and dextran sulfate, are each grafted to a hyaluronan backbone. The polysaccharides and graft copolymers are added to agarose hydrogels. Cyclic compression and stress relaxation tests reveal how the addition of the polysaccharides and graft copolymers influence hydrogel modulus. Cells encapsulated in agarose hydrogels containing chondroitin sulfate and the chondroitin sulfate graft copolymer have decreased cell viability and metabolic activity compared to cells in unmodified agarose hydrogels. These multifunctional additives can be used to improve both the biochemistry and biomechanics of materials, warranting further optimization to overcome the potentially negative effects these may have on cell viability and activity.
|
['Adipose Tissue', 'Biomimetic Materials', 'Cell Survival', 'Humans', 'Hydrogels', 'Materials Testing', 'Proteoglycans', 'Sepharose', 'Stem Cells']
| 28,618,228
|
[['A10.165.114'], ['J01.637.087'], ['G04.346'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D20.280.320.375', 'D26.255.165.320.375'], ['E05.570'], ['D09.698.735', 'D12.776.395.650'], ['D09.698.813'], ['A11.872']]
|
['Anatomy [A]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Toll-like receptors are temporally involved in host defense.
|
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved proteins that recognize microbial molecules and initiate host defense. To investigate how TLRs work together to fight infections, we tested the role of TLRs in host defense against the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, Salmonella. We show that TLR4 is critical for early cytokine production and killing of bacteria by murine macrophages. Interestingly, later on, TLR2, but not TLR4, is required for macrophage responses. Myeloid differentiation factor 88, an adaptor protein directly downstream of TLRs, is required for both early and late responses. TLR4, TLR2, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 are involved in murine host defense against Salmonella in vivo, which correlates with the defects in host defense observed in vitro. We propose a model where the sequential activation of TLRs tailors the immune response to different microbes.
|
['Acute Disease', 'Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing', 'Administration, Oral', 'Animals', 'Antigens, Bacterial', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'Blood Bactericidal Activity', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Down-Regulation', 'Genetic Predisposition to Disease', 'Immunity, Innate', 'Macrophages', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C3H', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88', 'Phenotype', 'Receptors, Cell Surface', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Salmonella Infections, Animal', 'Salmonella typhimurium', 'Signal Transduction', 'Time Factors', 'Toll-Like Receptor 2', 'Toll-Like Receptor 4', 'Toll-Like Receptors', 'Up-Regulation']
| 15,034,062
|
[['C23.550.291.125'], ['D12.644.360.024', 'D12.776.157.057', 'D12.776.476.024'], ['E02.319.267.100'], ['B01.050'], ['D23.050.161'], ['D23.050.301.264', 'D23.101.100'], ['G09.188.100', 'G12.450.564.204'], ['G12.287'], ['G02.111.240', 'G05.308.200', 'G07.690.773.937'], ['C23.550.291.687.500', 'G05.380.355'], ['G12.450.564'], ['A11.329.372', 'A11.627.482', 'A11.733.397', 'A15.382.670.522', 'A15.382.680.397'], ['D12.776.395.550', 'D12.776.543.550'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.388', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.388'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['D12.644.360.024.311', 'D12.776.157.057.074', 'D12.776.476.024.390'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.543.750'], ['D12.776.543.750.705'], ['C01.150.252.400.310.821.706', 'C22.812'], ['B03.440.450.425.800.200.825', 'B03.660.250.150.710.160.760'], ['G02.111.820', 'G04.835'], ['G01.910.857'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.200'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500.400'], ['D12.776.543.750.705.910.500'], ['G02.111.905', 'G05.308.850', 'G07.690.773.998']]
|
['Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
[Characteristics of those individuals requesting to be seen by a physician without first having made an appointment ahead of time].
|
BACKGROUND: Waiting time to see a physician is considered to be an indicator of user satisfaction. Non-emergency visits made without an appointment ahead of time result in longer waiting times for the patients who have appointments, resulting in the consequent in satisfaction thereof. The purpose of this study is aimed at conducting a quantitative assessment of this type of visits and at ascertaining the characteristics thereof for the purpose of putting measures into practice for the correction and rationalization thereof.METHODS: Descriptive study. A record was made which would gather the characteristics of those patients seeing physicians without having made an appointment, such as age, gender and the characteristics related to the visit (reason, modality, working hours and whether made directly or indirectly).RESULTS: No appointment had been made ahead of time for 14.19% of all non-emergency patient-requested visits. Based on the factorial analysis of multiple correlations, two visit profiles are identified, that is, the direct visits requested by young patients due to illness or red tape at the end of the physician's morning hours, said young patients being present, and the indirect visits during the visits for which appointments have been made ahead of time by patients requesting prescriptions.CONCLUSIONS: There are a large number of visits for which no appointment has been made ahead of time. Measures must be taken for the purpose of channeling the use of the appointment organization system and of improving those situations involving a lack of accessibility for the end purpose of improving the degree of satisfaction of those using the public health care services.
|
['Adult', 'Age Distribution', 'Aged', 'Appointments and Schedules', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Office Visits', 'Patient Acceptance of Health Care', 'Sex Distribution', 'Spain', 'Time Factors']
| 10,918,813
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['I01.240.050', 'N01.224.033', 'N06.850.505.400.050'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['N04.452.095'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['N04.452.758.635'], ['F01.100.150.750.500', 'F01.145.488.887.500', 'N05.300.150.800.500'], ['I01.240.800', 'N01.224.803', 'N06.850.505.400.850'], ['Z01.542.846'], ['G01.910.857']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
|
Effects of margarine supplemented with t10c12 and C9T11 CLA on atherosclerosis and steatosis in apoE/LDLR -/- mice.
|
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate functional effects of margarine supplemented with individual CLA isomers trans-10, cis-12 and cis-9, trans-11 in apoE/LDLR -/- mice.DESIGN: In LONG experiment (LONG), two-month old mice with no atherosclerosis were assigned to experimental groups and fed for the next 4 months. In SHORT experiment (SHORT), four-month old mice, with pre-established atherosclerosis, were assigned to experimental groups and fed for the next 2 months. The experimental diets were: AIN-93G (margarine), AIN-93G + 0.5% trans-10, cis-12 CLA (t10c12), and AIN-93G + 0.5% cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9t11).RESULTS: In both experiments (LONG and SHORT), liver weight was significantly (P<0.05) increased in mice fed t10c12 CLA. Hepatic steatosis was found in animals fed t10c12 diet and no signs of the steatosis was observed in mice fed c9t11 CLA. Dietary treatments with t10c12 CLA significantly increased total plasma cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerols. There were no isomer-specific effects of CLA isomers on area of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic root.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, t10c12 CLA significantly increased liver weight in mice in LONG and SHORT experiments. Our results do not support the notion that CLA isomer supplementation to the margarine possess anti-atheroclerotic effect. Therefore, no isomer-specific effects of CLA on development of atherosclerosis were observed.
|
['Animals', 'Aorta', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Cholesterol', 'Dietary Fats', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Fatty Liver', 'Food, Fortified', 'Isomerism', 'Linoleic Acids, Conjugated', 'Liver', 'Margarine', 'Mice', 'Mice, Knockout', 'Organ Size', 'Plaque, Atherosclerotic', 'Triglycerides']
| 22,555,796
|
[['B01.050'], ['A07.015.114.056'], ['C14.907.137.126.307'], ['D04.210.500.247.222.284', 'D04.210.500.247.808.197', 'D10.570.938.208'], ['D10.212.302', 'G07.203.300.375', 'J02.500.375'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['C06.552.241'], ['G07.203.300.515', 'J02.500.515'], ['G02.111.570.685', 'G02.607.445'], ['D10.251.355.343.500.750'], ['A03.620'], ['D10.212.302.651', 'G07.203.300.350.500', 'G07.203.300.375.650', 'J02.500.350.500', 'J02.500.375.650'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['B01.050.050.136.500.500', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.550.455', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.800.500'], ['E01.370.600.115.100.660', 'E05.041.124.715', 'G07.100.100.660', 'G07.345.249.690'], ['C23.300.823'], ['D10.351.801']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Zinc deficiency exacerbates while zinc supplement attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through modulating p38 MAPK-dependent signaling.
|
Childhood obesity often leads to cardiovascular diseases, such as obesity-related cardiac hypertrophy (ORCH), in adulthood, due to chronic cardiac inflammation. Zinc is structurally and functionally essential for many transcription factors; however, its role in ORCH and underlying mechanism(s) remain unclear and were explored here in mice with obesity induced with high-fat diet (HFD). Four week old mice were fed on either HFD (60%kcal fat) or normal diet (ND, 10% kcal fat) for 3 or 6 months, respectively. Either diet contained one of three different zinc quantities: deficiency (ZD, 10mg zinc per 4057kcal), normal (ZN, 30mg zinc per 4057kcal) or supplement (ZS, 90mg zinc per 4057kcal). HFD induced a time-dependent obesity and ORCH, which was accompanied by increased cardiac inflammation and p38 MAPK activation. These effects were worsened by ZD in HFD/ZD mice and attenuated by ZS in HFD/ZS group, respectively. Also, administration of a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor in HFD mice for 3 months did not affect HFD-induced obesity, but completely abolished HFD-induced, and zinc deficiency-worsened, ORCH and cardiac inflammation. In vitro exposure of adult cardiomyocytes to palmitate induced cell hypertrophy accompanied by increased p38 MAPK activation, which was heightened by zinc depletion with its chelator TPEN. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with its specific siRNA also prevented the effects of palmitate on cardiomyocytes. These findings demonstrate that ZS alleviates but ZD heightens cardiac hypertrophy in HFD-induced obese mice through suppressing p38 MAPK-dependent cardiac inflammatory and hypertrophic pathways.
|
['Animals', 'Cardiomegaly', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Chelating Agents', 'Deficiency Diseases', 'Diet, High-Fat', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Enzyme Activation', 'Fatty Acids, Nonesterified', 'MAP Kinase Signaling System', 'Male', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Myocytes, Cardiac', 'Obesity', 'Palmitic Acid', 'Protein Kinase Inhibitors', 'RNA Interference', 'Severity of Illness Index', 'Zinc', 'p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases']
| 27,346,292
|
[['B01.050'], ['C14.280.195', 'C23.300.775.250'], ['A11.251'], ['D27.505.519.914.500', 'D27.720.832.500'], ['C18.654.521.500'], ['G07.203.650.240.267'], ['G07.203.300.456', 'J02.500.456'], ['G02.111.263', 'G03.328'], ['D10.251.310'], ['G02.111.820.560', 'G03.493.560', 'G04.835.560'], ['B01.050.050.199.520.520.420', 'B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500.400.420'], ['A07.541.704.570', 'A10.690.552.750.570', 'A11.620.500'], ['C18.654.726.500', 'C23.888.144.699.500', 'E01.370.600.115.100.160.120.699.500', 'G07.100.100.160.120.699.500'], ['D10.251.694.750'], ['D27.505.519.389.755'], ['G05.308.203.374.790'], ['E05.318.308.980.438.475.456.500', 'N05.715.360.300.800.438.375.364.500', 'N06.850.520.308.980.438.475.364.500'], ['D01.268.556.940', 'D01.268.956.906', 'D01.552.544.940'], ['D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.567.843', 'D12.644.360.450.835', 'D12.776.476.450.835']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of sporadic cerebellar ataxia.
|
BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type (MSA-C) and idiopathic cerebellar ataxia with extracerebellar presentation (IDCA-P) represent distinct entities.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the discriminative validity of magnetic resonance imaging in sporadic cerebellar ataxia.DESIGN: Basal ganglia and infratentorial structures were screened for signal abnormalities and atrophic changes. Magnetic resonance imaging raters were masked to the clinical diagnosis.SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a university hospital.PATIENTS: Forty-one individuals were diagnosed as having MSA-C (n = 30) or IDCA-P (n = 11) based on their clinical features.RESULTS: Shrinkage of the cerebellar vermis and hemispheres was found in both groups. Atrophy of the brainstem and middle cerebellar peduncles was significantly more frequent in patients with MSA-C (P<.001). Hyperintensities of infratentorial structures were common in patients with MSA-C (middle cerebellar peduncles: 87%; pons: 97%) but were absent in patients with IDCA-P. Hypointensities or hyperintensities of basal ganglia structures did not reliably differentiate the groups.CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MSA-C were characterized by a higher frequency and severity of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (atrophic changes and additional hyperintense signal changes) of the middle cerebellar peduncles and pons. The presence of these magnetic resonance imaging features points to the diagnosis of MSA-C and helps differentiate MSA-C from other types of sporadic cerebellar ataxia with extracerebellar features.
|
['Adult', 'Aged', 'Cerebellar Ataxia', 'Cerebellum', 'Humans', 'Magnetic Resonance Imaging', 'Middle Aged']
| 15,956,170
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['M01.060.116.100'], ['C10.228.140.252.190', 'C10.597.350.090.500', 'C23.888.592.350.090.200'], ['A08.186.211.132.810.428.200'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['E01.370.350.825.500'], ['M01.060.116.630']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
|
Administration of live, but not inactivated, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii has a preventive effect on dextran sodium sulfate‑induced colitis in mice.
|
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human gut microbiota. This bacterium is reported to serve an important role in inflammatory bowel diseases. In the present study, the preventive effects of F. prausnitzii on a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‑induced colitis model in mice were investigated. BALB/c mice were fed with 5% DSS in drinking water. Administration of live or inactivated F. prausnitzii was initiated 7 days prior to the start of DSS feeding. Mucosal cytokines were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Histological analysis of colon mucosa was also performed. The symptoms of DSS‑induced colitis (weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stools and colon shortening) were significantly improved in the group administered live F. prausnitzii, but not in the other groups. There were no significant differences in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines; however, the expression of mucosal cytokines appeared to be markedly reduced in the live F. prausnitzii‑administered group compared with the DSS‑fed control. The results suggested that preventive administration of 'live', but not inactivated, F. prausnitzii protected the colon against DSS‑induced colitis. Live F. prausnitzii were also administered therapeutically following the induction of colitis, resulting in an improved histological score in mice.
|
['Animals', 'Colitis', 'Cytokines', 'Dextran Sulfate', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Drinking Water', 'Faecalibacterium prausnitzii', 'Gastrointestinal Microbiome', 'Gene Expression Regulation', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Mucosa', 'Mice']
| 31,115,531
|
[['B01.050'], ['C06.405.205.265', 'C06.405.469.158.188'], ['D12.644.276.374', 'D12.776.467.374', 'D23.529.374'], ['D09.698.365.272.300'], ['C22.232', 'E05.598.500', 'E05.599.395.080'], ['D01.045.250.875.300', 'D01.248.497.158.459.650.300', 'D01.650.550.925.199', 'G07.203.100.418', 'J02.200.418'], ['B03.353.625.766.500', 'B03.440.425.410.413.500'], ['G06.591.375', 'G16.500.275.157.049.100.500.375', 'N06.230.124.049.100.500.250'], ['G05.308'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['A03.556.124.369', 'A10.615.550.444'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Technology, Industry, and Agriculture [J]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Anatomy [A]']
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
|
Thiosulfate reductase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris.
|
The thiosulfate reductase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris has been purified and some of its properties have been determined. Only one protein component was detected when the purified enzyme was subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH values of 8.9, 8.0, and 7.6. In the presence of H(2), the enzyme, when coupled to hydrogenase and with methyl viologen as an electron carrier, catalyzed the reduction of thiosulfate to hydogen sulfide. The use of specifically labeled (35)S-thiosulfate revealed that the outer sulfur atom was reduced to sulfide and the inner sulfur atom was released as sulfite. Thus, the enzyme catalyzes the reductive dismutation of thiosulfate to sulfide and sulfite. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by sedimentation equilibrium (16,300) and amino acid analysis (15,500). The enzyme sedimented as a single, symmetrical component with a calculated sedimentation coefficient of 2.21S. Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of two half-cystine residues per mole of enzyme and a total of 128 amino acid residues. Carbohydrate and organic phosphorus analyses revealed the presence of 9.2 moles of carbohydrate and 4.8 moles of phosphate per mole of enzyme. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was studied.
|
['Acrylates', 'Amino Acids', 'Carbohydrates', 'Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose', 'Desulfovibrio', 'Electrophoresis', 'Gels', 'Hydrogen', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Molecular Weight', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Oxidoreductases', 'Phosphates', 'Species Specificity', 'Sulfides', 'Sulfur Isotopes', 'Thiosulfates']
| 5,573,735
|
[['D02.241.081.069'], ['D12.125'], ['D09'], ['E05.196.181.400.383.349'], ['B03.440.425.410.350', 'B03.660.125.144.500.875', 'B03.900.350'], ['E05.196.401', 'E05.301.300'], ['D20.280.320', 'D26.255.165.320'], ['D01.268.406', 'D01.362.340'], ['G02.300'], ['G02.494'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['D08.811.682'], ['D01.029.260.700.675.374', 'D01.248.497.158.730', 'D01.695.625.675.650'], ['G16.824'], ['D01.248.497.158.874', 'D01.875.350.850', 'D02.886.520'], ['D01.268.185.900.500', 'D01.496.868'], ['D01.248.497.158.845.703', 'D01.875.800.800.850.900']]
|
['Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Validation of a psychophysiological waking erectile assessment (WEA) for the diagnosis of male erectile disorder.
|
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate a psychophysiological waking erectile assessment (WEA). WEA was designed to elicit penile responses using visual and vibrotactile stimuli and cognitive tasks (distraction and monitoring of erections).METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients with erectile dysfunction and a control group of 50 sexually functional males were examined. Clinical decision analysis, including a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, was used to determine the accuracy of WEA in predicting independent diagnostic classifications.RESULTS: Fifty percent of the patients were independently diagnosed as having pure psychogenic impotence. In 45 percent of the patients an organic factor was found. Discrimination was best in three (out of 7) WEA conditions in which film was combined with vibration. This combination of conditions resulted in a test sensitivity of 81 percent, and predictive values positive (the probability of "no organic involvement" given a penile response greater than 12 mm) ranging from 66 to 95 percent. About one third of the patients with pure psychogenic erectile dysfunction had an average response of more than 30 mm to the three conditions combining vibration and film. None of the patients with organic involvement exceeded this 30 mm criterion. Thus, the predictive value positive reached its maximum of 100 percent.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that WEA is an appropriate initial screening procedure, and that it is of particular value in the detection of psychogenic cases.
|
['Decision Support Techniques', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'Erotica', 'Evaluation Studies as Topic', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Penile Erection', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Psychophysiology', 'ROC Curve', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Vibration', 'Wakefulness']
| 8,165,769
|
[['E05.245', 'L01.313.500.750.190'], ['C12.294.644.486', 'F03.835.400'], ['K01.517.414', 'L01.178.682.441'], ['E05.337', 'N05.715.360.335'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['G08.686.784.717'], ['E05.318.370.800.650', 'N05.715.360.325.700.640', 'N06.850.520.445.800.650'], ['E02.190.525.812', 'F02.830', 'F04.096.795', 'H01.158.782.795'], ['E05.318.370.800.750', 'E05.318.740.872.750', 'N05.715.360.325.700.680', 'N06.850.520.445.800.750'], ['E05.318.370.800', 'E05.318.740.872', 'G17.800', 'N05.715.360.325.700', 'N05.715.360.750.725', 'N06.850.520.445.800', 'N06.850.520.830.872'], ['G01.374.930'], ['F02.830.104.821', 'G11.561.035.738']]
|
['Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Information Science [L]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Humanities [K]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Named Groups [M]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Disciplines and Occupations [H]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Effects of mGluR6-deficiency on photoreceptor ribbon synapse formation: comparison of electron microscopic analysis of serial sections with random sections.
|
This study examined the effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) deficiency on ribbon synapse formation in rod spherules and cone pedicles using serial-section electron microscopy. In a wild-type (WT) mouse, only 3% of spherules had one invaginating bipolar dendrite (1B-type) and 97% of spherules were 2B-type. In contrast, in an mGluR6-knockout (KO) mouse, 29% of spherules were 1B-type and 71% of spherules were 2B-type. Spherules without bipolar invagination were not observed in either genotype. The single invaginating dendrites in 1B-type spherules were larger and the surface areas of synaptic ribbons were 23% smaller in the mGluR6-KO mouse than in the WT mouse. In cones, the number of invaginating bipolar dendrites decreased from 12 in the WT mouse to 9.5 in the mGluR6-KO mouse. This decrease correlated with a decrease in the number of cone synaptic ribbons from 10 in the WT mouse to 8 in the mGluR6-KO mouse. The mGluR6-KO phenotype showed negative effects on ribbon synapse formation. This negativity was similar to those in mGluR6-nob4, Gâ3-KO, Gâ5-KO, and RGS-7:RGS-11 double-KO mice, but the detailed manners and degrees of alterations appeared to vary depending on different missing components. Two published morphological assessments of the RGS-7:RGS-11 double-KO phenotype reported conflicting data; therefore, we tested the statistical techniques used in the two analyses. One statistical evaluation measure was effective in identifying a significant difference in structure between the mutant and WT phenotypes, whereas the other measure was ineffective. Conventional random section analysis using the effective measure provided sufficient data for a statistical test of the occurrence of structural changes. However, serial section analysis was required to determine the absolute numbers of ribbons and invaginating dendrites and to estimate structural parameters such as ribbon surface area.
|
['Animals', 'Dendrites', 'Mice', 'Mutation', 'Phenotype', 'Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate', 'Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells', 'Synapses']
| 24,801,622
|
[['B01.050'], ['A08.675.256', 'A11.284.180.225', 'A11.671.240'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.500'], ['G05.365.590'], ['G05.695'], ['D12.776.543.750.695.450', 'D12.776.543.750.720.200.450.500'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.100', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.100', 'A08.800.950.937.670.100', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.100', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.100'], ['A08.675.650.850.625.670.650', 'A08.675.650.915.937.670.650', 'A08.800.950.937.670.650', 'A09.371.729.831.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.850.625.670.650', 'A11.671.650.915.937.670.650'], ['A08.850', 'A11.284.149.165.420.780']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
First record of Pseudomyicola spinosus in Argopecten ventricosus in Baja California, Mexico.
|
This is the first record of the copepod Pseudomyicola spinosus in the scallop Argopecten ventricosus in northwestern Mexico, and describes: (1) the known annual prevalence and intensity of this copepod on scallops from culture sites (Gulf of California) and natural populations (Pacific coast), (2) the histopathological effects caused on the soft tissues of scallops, and (3) the relationship between prevalence and intensity records and environmental parameters. The copepod was present throughout the period of investigation, showing similar prevalence and ratio of copepod to scallop patterns in both cultured scallops and wild specimens from natural habitats. Highest prevalence and ratio values were detected in summer-autumn at both sites, probably because scallops showed a weak condition from the combined effects of spawning, reabsorption of residual gametes, and high temperature. The condition index of A. ventricosus showed a significant correlation with the presence of the copepod in Magdalena Bay (-0.67). P. spinosus was observed in the gills of scallops, producing alterations or rupture of filaments, and in the stomach, causing detachment and loss of the epithelium. No relationship between copepod infestation with temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and seston were found during the investigation. Although P. spinosus was present year-round at both sites, no association between infestation and scallop mortalities was detected.
|
['Animals', 'Bivalvia', 'Copepoda', 'Mexico', 'Parasitic Diseases, Animal']
| 16,087,001
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.500.644.080'], ['B01.050.500.131.365.160'], ['Z01.107.567.589'], ['C01.610.701', 'C22.674']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Geographicals [Z]', 'Diseases [C]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
|
Methemoglobinemia in aluminum phosphide poisoning.
|
INTRODUCTION: Acute aluminum phosphide (AlP) poisoning is one of the most common causes of acute pesticide poisoning in Iran. Hydrogen phosphide or phosphine gas is produced following reaction of AlP with water even at ambient humidity. Methemoglobinemia is a rare finding following phosphine poisoning. In this paper, two cases of fatal AlP poisoning complicated by methemoglobinemia are reported.CASE REPORT: Two patients presented following suicidal ingestion of AlP tablets. In the Emergency Department (ED), they received gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate and potassium permanganate. Both of them received supportive care. In each case, hematuria and hemolysis were significant events. The patients also showed a decrease in O(2) saturation in spite of high FIO(2). Methemoglobin levels of 40% and 30% were detected by co-oximetry. Neither patient responded to treatment (ascorbic acid in one case, methylene blue in the other). Both patients died due to systemic effects of phosphine poisoning.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Hemolysis and methemoglobinemia may complicate the course of phosphine poisoning that seems resistant to methylene blue and ascorbic acid. Therefore, other treatments including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and exchange blood transfusion should be considered.
|
['Adult', 'Aluminum Compounds', 'Antidotes', 'Ascorbic Acid', 'Calcium Gluconate', 'Fatal Outcome', 'Fluid Therapy', 'Humans', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'Methemoglobinemia', 'Methylene Blue', 'Middle Aged', 'Pesticides', 'Phosphines', 'Sodium Bicarbonate', 'Suicide, Attempted']
| 20,889,582
|
[['M01.060.116'], ['D01.056'], ['D27.505.696.706.037', 'D27.720.799.037'], ['D02.241.081.844.107', 'D02.241.511.902.107', 'D09.811.100'], ['D02.241.081.844.322.200', 'D02.241.511.902.322.200', 'D09.811.308.200'], ['E05.318.308.985.550.325', 'N01.224.935.698.201', 'N06.850.505.400.975.550.325', 'N06.850.520.308.985.550.325'], ['E02.319.360'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.988.400.112.400.400'], ['D01.524.550', 'D01.875.800.800.850.500'], ['C15.378.619'], ['D02.886.369.517', 'D03.633.300.783.517'], ['M01.060.116.630'], ['D27.720.031.700', 'D27.888.723'], ['D01.695.525', 'D02.705.621'], ['D01.200.275.150.100.800', 'D01.857.625'], ['F01.145.126.980.875.600', 'I01.880.735.856.600']]
|
['Named Groups [M]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Health Care [N]', 'Organisms [B]', 'Diseases [C]', 'Psychiatry and Psychology [F]', 'Anthropology, Education, Sociology, and Social Phenomena [I]']
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
|
Competition of nitroxyl contrast agents as an in vivo tissue redox probe: comparison of pharmacokinetics by the bile flow monitoring (BFM) and blood circulating monitoring (BCM) methods using X-band EPR and simulation of decay profiles.
|
Nitroxyl radicals used as tissue redox-sensitive contrast agents in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and/or NMR imaging should satisfy the following two conditions: 1) the molecules disperse into tissues rapidly, and 2) paramagnetic loss occurs by simple reduction of the radical. The pharmacokinetic trends of several nitroxyl contrast agents were compared with the results obtained by bile flow monitoring (BFM) and blood circulation monitoring (BCM) methods using X-band EPR. The nitroxyl radicals (TEMPO, TEMPONE (oxo-TEMPO), and amino-TEMPO) showed additional EPR signals in the bile that were attributed to metabolites formed during transport from blood to bile through the liver. However, the highly hydrophilic CAT-1 (trimethylammonium-TEMPO), which has low membrane permeability, showed minimal concentration in the bile. Probes that have carboxyl moiety, such as carboxy-TEMPO and carboxy-PROXYL, can be transported via anion transporter into hepatic cells. The EPR signal decay profiles of the nitroxyl radicals were simulated based on the experimental data. The simulation, which we previously applied to mouse blood, was modified to simultaneously fit the experimental results of BFM and BCM obtained with rats. The simulation data showed the simplicity/complexity of the pharmacokinetic mechanisms and that carbamoyl-PROXYL and TEMPOL (hydroxy-TEMPO) are suitable contrast agents for assessing tissue redox status.
|
['Animals', 'Bile', 'Blood Flow Velocity', 'Contrast Media', 'Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy', 'Male', 'Nitrogen Oxides', 'Oxidation-Reduction', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar']
| 16,810,697
|
[['B01.050'], ['A12.200.087'], ['E01.370.370.130', 'G09.330.380.630.080'], ['D27.505.259.500', 'D27.720.259'], ['E05.196.867.519.274'], ['D01.362.635', 'D01.625.550', 'D01.650.550.587'], ['G02.700', 'G03.295.531'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.635.505.700.900']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Anatomy [A]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]']
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
Stereoselective synthesis of desloratadine derivatives as antagonist of histamine.
|
A series of desloratadine derivatives were stereoselectively synthesized and evaluated for H(1) antihistamine activity. For the evaluation of H(1) antihistamine activity, the in vitro histamine-induced contraction of the guinea-pig ileum assay (HC) was used. The synthesized desloratadine derivatives 7, 8 and 9 are structurally related to rupatadine and were generated by replacement of the 5-methyl-3-pyridine group of rupatadine with gamma-alkylidene butenolide. Their H(1) antihistamine activities have shown a high dependence on the exact nature of the substituent in the lactone ring. Optimum structures 7, 8a and 8g display potent activity inhibiting histamine-induced effects.
|
['Animals', 'Guinea Pigs', 'Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Loratadine', 'Male', 'Models, Molecular', 'Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization', 'Spectrophotometry, Infrared', 'Stereoisomerism']
| 20,110,173
|
[['B01.050'], ['B01.050.150.900.649.313.992.550'], ['D27.505.519.625.375.425.400.500', 'D27.505.696.577.375.425.400.500'], ['E05.481'], ['D02.455.426.559.847.181.384.340.500', 'D03.383.621.160.500', 'D04.615.181.384.340.500'], ['E05.599.595'], ['E05.196.566.600'], ['E05.196.712.726.676', 'E05.196.867.826.676'], ['G02.607.445.682']]
|
['Organisms [B]', 'Chemicals and Drugs [D]', 'Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques, and Equipment [E]', 'Phenomena and Processes [G]']
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|
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